,i  #aae? ,,congress  #a/ ,session  ,h4 
,r4 #cjbe  ,,9 ,,! ,,h\se ,,(           
,,repres5tatives  ,june #bb1 #bjag,mr4  
,smi? ( ,wa%+ton 7= himself1 ,ms4       
,spei]1 ,mr4 ,g>am5di1 ,ms4 ,bordallo1  
,mr4 ,c\rtney1 ,mr4 ,langev91 ,mr4      
,brady ( ,p5nsylvania1 ,mrs4 ,murphy (  
,florida1 ,mr4 ,gallego1 ,mrs4 ,davis ( 
,cali=nia1 ,mr4 ,m\lton1 ,mr4 ,br[n (   
,m>yl&1 ,mr4 ,coop]1 ,ms4 ,%ea-,port]1  
,mr4 ,norcross1 ,mr4 ,veasey1 ,ms4      
,tsongas1 ,mr4 ,mc,eachin1 ,ms4 ,ros51  
,ms4 ,hanabusa1 ,mr4 ,o',hall]an1 & ,mr4
 ,suozzi7 introduc$ ! foll[+ bill2 :i* 0
 ref]r$ to ! ,committee on ,=eign       
,affairs1 & 9 addition to ! ,committee  
on ,arm$ ,s]vices1 = a p]iod to be      
subsequ5tly det]m9$ by ! ,speak]1 9 ea* 
case = consid]ation ( su* provisions z  
fall )9 ! jurisdiction ( ! committee    
conc]n$  ,a ,,bill  ,to /r5g!n security 
& det]r5ce 9 ,europe & to hold !        
,russian ,f$]ation acc\ntable =         
violations ( ! ,int]m$iate-,range       
,nucle> ,=ces ,treaty1 & = o!r purposes4

  #a4 ,%ort title ,?is ,act may be cit$ 
z ! ,fo/]+ ,unity ,aga9/ ,russian       
,aggression ,act ( #bjag4  #b4 ,f9d+s & 
s5se ( ,congress  7a7 ,f9d+s ,congress  
f9ds ! foll[+3  7#a7 ,g5]al ,curtis ,m4 
,scap>rotti1 ,comm&] ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates  
,european ,comm&1 te/ifi$ be=e ! ,h\se  
,arm$ ,s]vices ,committee on ,m>* #bg1  
#bjag1 t ,today we face ! mo/ dynamic   
,european security environm5t 9 hi/ory4 
& t ,russia's malign actions are        
support$ by its diplomatic1 in=mation1  
economic1 & milit>y initiatives44  7#b7 
,! ,russian ,f$]ation cont9ues to be 9  
violation ( ,,inf ,treaty z a result (  
te/+ & deploy+ a new nucle>-capable     
cruise missile4  7#c7 ,! ,russian       
,f$]ation has %ift$ to a milit>y doctr9e
 t envisions us+ nucle> weapons 9 an    
attempt to end a fail+ regional         
conv5tional conflict4 ,on ,june #be1    
#bjae1 ,deputy ,secret>y ( ,def5se      
,rob]t ,"w & !n-,vice-,*airman ( ! ,jo9t
 ,*iefs ( ,/aff ,admiral ,james         
,w9nefeld te/ifi$ be=e ! ,h\se ,arm$    

,s]vices ,committee t ,russian milit>y  
doctr9e includes :at "s h call$ an      
escalate to de-escalate /rategy--a      
/rategy t purport$ly seeks to deescalate
 a conv5tional conflict ?r\gh co]cive   
?reats1 includ+ limit$ nucle> use4 ,we  
?9k t ?is label is dang]\sly mislead+4  
,anyone :o ?9ks !y c control escalation 
?r\gh ! use ( nucle> weapons is lit]ally
 play+ ) fire4 ,escalation is           
escalation1 & nucle> use w\ld be !      
ultimate escalation44  7#d7 ,g5]al      
,scap>rotti not$ 9 8 ,m>* #bg1 #bjag1   
te/imony be=e ! ,h\se ,arm$ ,s]vices    
,committee t ,mosc['s provocative       
rhetoric & nucle> ?reats increase !     
likelihood ( misund]/&+ &               
miscalculation44  7#e7 ,! ,russian      
,f$]ation cont9ues to conduct ongo+     
influ5ce campaigns aim$ at und]m9+      
democracies ar\nd ! _w4 ,accord+ to an  
assessm5t by ! intellig5ce community1   
,russian ,presid5t ,vladimir ,put9 ord]$
 an influ5ce campaign 9 #bjaf aim$ at ! 
,u4,s4 presid5tial election1 :i* includ$

 ! use ( ! ,russian milit>y intellig5ce 
organization4 ,! intellig5ce community  
also assess$ t ,russia w\ld apply       
lessons le>n$ to future influ5ce ef=ts  
worldwide1 includ+ aga9/ ,unit$ ,/ates  
allies & _! election sy/ems4  7#f7 ,!   
,russian ,f$]ation cont9ues its         
aggression on its p]iph]y4 ,9 #bjjh1 !  
,russian ,f$]ation fom5t$ conflict 9    
,georgia4 ,! ,russian ,f$]ation has also
 illegally occupi$ & attempt$ to annex  
,crimea4 ,fur!r1 ! ,russian ,f$]ation is
 direct+ comb9$ ,russian-,sep>ati/ units
 9 ea/]n ,ukra9e1 actively incit+       
viol5ce & prolong+ ! mo/ significant    
conflict 9 ,europe4  7#g7 ,! inve/m5t ( 
ov] #e billion 9 ! ,european            
,reassurance ,initiative 7,,eri71 n[ !  
,european ,det]r5ce ,initiative 7,,edi71
 has prov5 successful 9 significantly   
enhanc+ ! ability ( ,unit$ ,/ates =ces1 
,,nato allies1 & regional p>tn]s to det]
 ,russian aggression4 ,,edi has n only  
assur$ our ,european allies & p>tn]s b  
support$ ess5tial inve/m5ts 9 ,,nato's  

milit>y capacity1 int]op]ability1 &     
agility4  7b7 ,s5se ( ,congress ,x is ! 
s5se ( ,congress t-- 7#a7 ! ,russian    
,f$]ation %\ld return to compliance ) ! 
,,inf ,treaty 9 a v]ifiable mann] z soon
 z possible2  7#b7 ! risks (            
miscalculation 9 a crisis are exac]bat$ 
by ! ,russian ,f$]ation's %ift to a     
milit>y doctr9e ( escalate to           
de-escalate1 l[]+ ! ?re%old = ,russian  
use ( nucle> weapons & !reby increas+ ! 
risk ( us+ nucle> weapons1 pot5tially   
escalat+ 9 to a massive nucle> ex*ange2 
7#c7 /r5g!n+ effective & cr$ible        
conv5tional det]r5ce1 p>ticul>ly on !   
nor!a/]n flank ( ,,nato1 is a political 
& milit>y priority2  7#d7 ,,nato's =mal 
adoption at ! #bjad ,wales ,summit ( !  
goal = ea* memb] /ate to allocate at    
lea/ two p]c5t ( its gross dome/ic      
product to its national def5se budget )9
 a decade %\ld be comm5d$1 z increas$   
def5se sp5d+ by ,,nato memb] /ates is   
/rongly enc\rag$ to ma9ta9 ! alliance's 
/rategic vitality ?r\gh ! enhancem5t (  

its collective capacity2  7#e7 reaffirm+
 support = ! pr9ciple ( collective      
def5se 9 ,article #e ( ! ,nor? ,atlantic
 ,treaty = ,,nato allies is vital to a  
/rong & mean+ful alliance & is n        
conditional2  7#f7 subv]sive &          
de/abiliz+ activities by ! ,russian     
,f$]ation t>get+ ,,nato allies & p>tn]s 
causes conc]n & %\ld be condemn$2  7#g7 
/r5g!n$ det]r5ce ef=ts by ,,nato allies1
 includ+ ,,nato's ,enhanc$ ,=w>d        
,pres5ce1 %\ld be comm5d$ & enhanc+     
def5se coop]ation ef=ts ) ,,nato allies 
& p>tn]s %\ld be enc\rag$2  7#h7        
,european ,det]r5ce ,initiative 7,,edi7 
inve/m5ts are long-t]m &1 z su*1        
,congress expects future budgets to     
reflect ,unit$ ,/ates commitm5t by      
plann+ = fund+ 9 ! base budget1 & fur!r 
,,edi %\ld build on ,unit$ ,/ates       
pres5ce by increas+ ! ,unit$ ,/ates     
p]man5t =ce po/ure2 &  7#i7 cr$ible     
det]r5ce requires /eadfa/ coop]ation &  
jo9t action ) ,,nato allies & p>tn]s &  
o!r ,unit$ ,/ates allies & p>tn]s 9     

,europe4  #c4 ,/rategy to c\nt] ?reats  
by ! ,russian ,f$]ation  7a7 ,/rategy   
requir$ ,! ,secret>y ( ,def5se1 9       
consultation ) ea* ( ! ,secret>ies ( !  
milit>y dep>tm5ts1 ! ,jo9t ,*iefs (     
,/aff1 & ! comm&]s ( ea* ( ! regional & 
functional combatant comm&s1 %all       
develop & implem5t a compreh5sive       
/rategy to c\nt] ?reats by ! ,russian   
,f$]ation4  7b7 ,report requir$  7#a7 ,9
 g5]al ,n lat] ?an #ahj days aft] ! date
 ( ! enactm5t ( ?is ,act1 ! ,secret>y ( 
,def5se %all submit to ! congressional  
def5se committees a report on ! /rategy 
requir$ by subsection 7a74  7#b7        
,elem5ts ,! report requir$ by ?is       
subsection %all include ! foll[+        
elem5ts3 7,a7 ,an evaluation ( /rategic 
objectives & motivations ( ! ,russian   
,f$]ation4  7,b7 ,a detail$ description 
( ,russian ?reats to ! national security
 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 includ+ ?reats t may
 pose *all5ges bel[ ! ?re%old ( arm$    
conflict4  7,c7 ,a discussion ( h[ !    
/rategy complem5ts ! ,national ,def5se  

,/rategy & ! ,national ,milit>y         
,/rategy4  7,d7 ,a discussion ( ! ends1 
ways1 & means inh]5t to ! /rategy4  7,e7
 ,a discussion ( ! /rategy's objectives 
) respect to det]r5ce1 escalation       
control1 & conflict resolution4  7,f7 ,a
 description ( ! milit>y activities     
across geographic regions & milit>y     
functions & doma9s t are inh]5t to !    
/rategy4  7,g7 ,a description ( !       
po/ure1 =w>d pres5ce1 & read9ess        
requirem5ts inh]5t to ! /rategy4  7,h7  
,a description ( ! roles ( ! ,unit$     
,/ates ,arm$ ,=ces 9 implem5t+ !        
/rategy1 includ+--  7i7 ! role ( ,unit$ 
,/ates nucle> capabilities2  7ii7 ! role
 ( ,unit$ ,/ates space capabilities2    
7iii7 ! role ( ,unit$ ,/ates cyb]       
capabilities2  7iv7 ! role ( ,unit$     
,/ates conv5tional gr\nd =ces2  7v7 !   
role ( ,unit$ ,/ates naval =ces2  7vi7 !
 role ( ,unit$ ,/ates air =ces2 &  7vii7
 ! role ( ,unit$ ,/ates special         
op]ations =ces4  7,i7 ,an assessm5t (   
contributions ( ,unit$ ,/ates allies &  

p>tn]s 9 c\nt]+ ,russian ?reats & a     
description ( ! roles ( allies & p>tn]s 
9 implem5t+ & su/a9+ ! /rategy4  7,j7   
,an assessm5t ( ! =ce requirem5ts ne$$  
to implem5t & su/a9 ! /rategy4  7,k7 ,a 
description ( ! logi/ical requirem5ts   
ne$$ to implem5t & su/a9 ! /rategy4     
7,l7 ,an assessm5t ( ! te*nological     
rese>* & developm5t requirem5ts ne$$ to 
implem5t & su/a9 ! /rategy4  7,m7 ,an   
assessm5t ( ! tra9+ & ex]cise           
requirem5ts ne$$ to implem5t & su/a9 !  
/rategy4  7,n7 ,an assessm5t ( !        
budget>y res\rce requirem5ts ne$$ to    
implem5t & su/a9 ! /rategy ?r\gh        
,decemb] #ca1 #bjcj4  7,o7 ,a discussion
 ( h[ ! /rategy provides a framework =  
future plann+ & inve/m5ts 9 regional    
def5se initiatives1 includ+ ! ,european 
,det]r5ce ,initiative4  7#c7 ,=m ,!     
report requir$ by ?is subsection %all be
 submitt$ 9 unclassifi$ =m b may conta9 
a classifi$ annex4  #d4 ,/rategy to     
increase conv5tional precision /rike    
weapon /ockpiles 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates      

,european ,comm&'s areas (              
responsibility  7a7 ,/rategy requir$    
7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,! ,secret>y ( ,def5se    
%all develop & implem5t a /rategy to    
increase conv5tional precision /rike    
weapon /ockpiles 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates      
,european ,comm&'s areas (              
responsibility4  7#b7 ,elem5ts ,!       
/rategy requir$ by ?is subsection %all  
include necess>y increases 9 !          
quantities ( su* /ockpiles t ! ,secret>y
 det]m9es w enhance det]r5ce & w>fight+ 
capability ( ! ,nor? ,atlantic ,treaty  
,organization =ces4  7b7 ,report requir$
  7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,n lat] ?an ,april #a1  
#bjah1 ! ,secret>y ( ,def5se %all submit
 to ! congressional def5se committees a 
report on ! /rategy requir$ by          
subsection 7a74  7#b7 ,=m ,! report     
requir$ by ?is subsection %all be       
submitt$ 9 unclassifi$ =m b may conta9 a
 classifi$ annex4  #e4 ,plan to c\nt] ! 
milit>y capabilities ( ! ,russian       
,f$]ation  7a7 ,plan requir$  7#a7 ,9   
g5]al ,! ,secret>y ( ,def5se %all       

develop & implem5t a plan to c\nt] !    
milit>y capabilities ( ! ,russian       
,f$]ation4  7#b7 ,elem5ts ,! plan       
requir$ by ?is subsection %all include !
 foll[+3 7,a7 ,accel]at+ programs to    
improve ! capability ( ,unit$ ,/ates    
milit>y =ces to op]ate 9 a ,global      
,position+ ,sy/em 7,,gps7-d5i$ or       
,,gps-degrad$ environm5t4  7,b7         
,accel]at+ programs ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( !   
,army to c\nt] ,russian unmann$ aircraft
 sy/ems1 electronic w>f>e1 & long-range 
precision /rike capabilities4  7,c7     
,c\nt]+ unconv5tional capabilities &    
hybrid ?reats f ! ,russian ,f$]ation4   
7,d7 ,any o!r elem5ts t ! ,secret>y     
det]m9es to be appropriate4  7b7 ,report
 requir$  7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,n lat] ?an     
,april #a1 #bjah1 ! ,secret>y ( ,def5se 
%all submit to ! congressional def5se   
committees a report on ! plan requir$ by
 subsection 7a74  7#b7 ,=m ,! report    
requir$ by ?is subsection %all be       
submitt$ 9 unclassifi$ =m b may conta9 a
 classifi$ annex4  7c7 ,s5se ( ,congress

 ,x is ! s5se ( ,congress t-- 7#a7 !    
/rategy = ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,def5se to c\nt]
 unconv5tional w>f>e ?reats pos$ by     
adv]s>ial /ate & non-/ate actors requir$
 by section #ajig ( ! ,national ,def5se 
,au?orization ,act = ,fiscal ,ye> #bjaf 
7,public ,law #aad-ib7 has n yet be5    
submitt$ to ! congressional def5se      
committees & %\ld be submitt$ )\t fur!r 
delay2 &  7#b7 conc]ns p]si/ ov] ! gr[+ 
sophi/ication ( unconv5tional & hybrid  
/ate-sponsor$ ?reats by ! ,russian      
,f$]ation z demon/rat$ ?r\gh its        
advancem5t & integration ( conv5tional  
w>f>e1 economic w>f>e1 cyb] & in=mation 
op]ations1 intellig5ce op]ations1 & o!r 
activities to und]m9e ,unit$ ,/ates     
national security objectives z well z ! 
objectives ( ,unit$ ,/ates allies &     
p>tn]s 9 ,europe4  #f4 ,plan to provide 
tra9+ to ! national security =ces (     
,unit$ ,/ates allies & p>tn]s to c\nt]  
cyb]space op]ations & in=mation         
op]ations ( ! ,russian ,f$]ation  7a7   
,s5se ( ,congress ,x is ! s5se (        

,congress t-- 7#a7 ! e/abli%m5t by !    
,comm&] ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,european     
,comm& ( ! int]ag5cy ,russian ,in=mation
 ,gr\p to c\nt] ,russian in=mation      
op]ations aga9/ ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,unit$
 ,/ates allies & p>tn]s %\ld be support$
 & coop]ation & syn*ronization ( ef=ts &
 activities ) ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,/ate's     
,global ,engagem5t ,c5t] & ) ! ,,nato   
,/rategic ,communications ,c5t] (       
,excell5ce %\ld be enc\rag$2  7#b7 !    
,secret>y ( ,def5se %\ld1 to ! ext5t    
appropriate1 prioritize ! transf] (     
funds z au?oriz$ "u section #abhg7;e7 ( 
! ,national ,def5se ,au?orization ,act =
 ,fiscal ,ye> #bjag 7,public ,law       
#aad-cbh2 #acj ,/at4 #bedf7 to !        
,dep>tm5t ( ,/ate's ,global ,engagem5t  
,c5t] specifically = ! purpose ( c\nt]+ 
,russia /ate-sponsor$ propag&a aim$ at  
und]m9+ ! national security int]e/s ( ! 
,unit$ ,/ates & ,unit$ ,/ates allies &  
p>tn]s2 &  7#c7 ! ,secret>y ( ,def5se   
%\ld prioritize provid+ fund+ to !      
,,nato ,coop]ative ,cyb] ,def5se ,c5t] (

 ,excell5ce & ! ,,nato ,/rategic        
,communication ,c5t] ( ,excell5ce or    
purposes ( enhanc+ coop]ation ) ,,nato  
allies to c\nt] cyb]space op]ations ( ! 
,russian ,f$]ation aga9/ ! national     
security int]e/s ( ! ,unti$ ,/ates &    
,unit$ ,/ates & allies & p>tn]s4  7b7   
,plan requir$ ,! ,secret>y ( ,def5se    
%all develop & implem5t a plan to       
provide tra9+ to ! national security    
=ces ( ,unit$ ,/ates allies & p>tn]s = !
 purpose ( build+ ! capacity ( su* =ces 
to c\nt] cyb]space op]ations & in=mation
 op]ations ( ! ,russian ,f$]ation4  7c7 
,report requir$  7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,n lat]  
?an ,april #a1 #bjah1 ! ,secret>y (     
,def5se %all submit to ! congressional  
def5se committees a report on ! plan    
requir$ by subsection 7b74  7#b7 ,=m ,! 
report requir$ by ?is subsection %all be
 submitt$ 9 unclassifi$ =m b may conta9 
a classifi$ annex4  #g4 ,report on      
ma9ta9+ & exp&+ =w>d pres5ce ( ,unit$   
,/ates milit>y =ces & p]sonnel 9 ,europe
  7a7 ,report requir$ ,n lat] ?an ,april

 #a1 #bjah1 ! ,secret>y ( ,def5se %all  
submit to ! congressional def5se        
committees a report on ! /rategy ( !    
,dep>tm5t ( ,def5se ma9ta9+ & exp&+ =w>d
 pres5ce ( ,unit$ ,/ates milit>y =ces & 
p]sonnel 9 ,europe4  7b7 ,elem5ts ,!    
report requir$ by subsection 7a7 %all   
include ! foll[+ ) respect to ,unit$    
,/ates ,european ,comm& areas (         
responsibility3  7#a7 ,an assessm5t ( ! 
additional p]man5tly /ation$ =ces 9     
,europe requir$ to meet ,unit$ ,/ates   
/rategic requirem5ts & ! op]ational     
requirem5ts ( ! geographic combatant    
comm&]4  7#b7 ,an assessm5t ( !         
infra/ructure capacity ( exi/+ ,european
 locations & _! ability to accommodate  
additional =ces4  7#c7 ,an ov]view ( new
 locations 9 ,europe t might be consid]$
 = p]man5tly /ation$ =ces & ! e/imat$   
co/ & scope ( infra/ructure inve/m5ts1  
to include improvem5ts to tra9+ areas1  
:i* w\ld be requir$ at ^? locations to  
support p]man5tly /ation$ =ces1 includ+ 
an assessm5t ( :at infra/ructure        

inve/m5ts might be provid$ by !         
ho/-nation z well z new con/ruction or  
mod]nization ( exi/+ facilities t w\ld  
be fund$ by ! ,unit$ ,/ates4  7#d7 ,a   
detail$ li/ ( inve/m5ts 9 equipm5t1     
supplies1 logi/ics1 /orage1 & ma9t5ance1
 at curr5t & new locations 9 ,europe1   
requir$ to support additional p]man5tly 
/ation$ =ces4  7#e7 ,an assessm5t ( !   
read9ess advantages & disadvantages     
associat$ ) /ation+ additional p]man5t  
=ces at ,european locations4  7#f7 ,a   
discussion ( pot5tial *all5ges ) /ation+
 additional p]man5t =ces or develop+ new
 locations = p]man5tly /ation$ =ces z a 
result ( treaty obligations1            
int]national agreem5ts1 or o!r legally  
b9d+ in/rum5ts4  7c7 ,=m ,! report      
requir$ by subsection 7a7 %all be       
submitt$ 9 unclassifi$ =m b may include 
a classifi$ annex4  #h4 ,report on      
improv+ tra9+ areas 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates   
,european ,comm&'s areas (              
responsibility  7a7 ,report requir$ ,n  
lat] ?an ,april #a1 #bjah1 ! ,secret>y (

 ,def5se1 9 coord9ation ) ! ,secret>ies 
( ! milit>y dep>tm5ts1 ! ,comm&] ( !    
,unit$ ,/ates ,european ,comm&1 & !     
,comm&] ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,special      
,op]ations ,comm&1 %all submit to !     
congressional def5se committees a report
 on ! location1 capabilities1 &         
capacities ( tra9+ areas 9 ! ,unit$     
,/ates ,european ,comm&'s areas (       
responsibility1 includ+ air & gr\nd     
ranges1 range complexes1 milit>y tra9+  
r\tes1 & special-use areas4  7b7        
,elem5ts ,! report requir$ by subsection
 7a7 %all include ! foll[+3 7#a7 ,an    
inv5tory ( su* tra9+ areas t are utiliz$
 by ,unit$ ,/ates ,arm$ ,=ces or )      
respect to :i* ,unit$ ,/ates ,arm$ ,=ces
 h access4  7#b7 ,an ov]view ( !        
capabilities & capacity ( su* tra9+     
areas to support p]man5t & rotational   
=w>d pres5ce ( ,unit$ ,/ates ,arm$      
,=ces4  7#c7 ,an assessm5t ( any        
capability gaps ( su* tra9+ areas t     
limit ! ability to meet tra9+ /&>ds (   
,unit$ ,/ates ,arm$ ,=ces4  7#d7        

,details ( curr5t & plann$ inve/m5ts 9  
tra9+ infra/ructure to mitigate id5tifi$
 capability gaps1 help meet ,unit$      
,/ates tra9+ /&>ds1 & support additional
 p]man5t or rotational =ces 9 ,europe1  
to be fund$ by ! ,,nato1 ! ,unit$       
,/ates1 or ,unit$ ,/ates allies or      
p>tn]s4  #i4 ,s5se ( ,congress on       
enhanc+ m>itime capabilities ,congress  
notes ! #bjaf ,=ce ,/ructure ,assessm5t 
7,,fsa7 t increas$ ! requirem5t = fa/   
attack subm>9e 7,,ssn7 f #dh to #ff &   
supports an acquisition plan t enhances 
m>itime capabilities t address ?is      
requirem5t4  #aj4 ,plan to r$uce ! risks
 ( miscalculation & un9t5d$ consequ5ces 
t c\ld precipitate a nucle> w>  7a7     
,f9d+s ,congress f9ds t-- 7#a7 !        
,russian ,f$]ation has adopt$ a dang]\s 
nucle> doctr9e t includes a /rategy (   
escalate to de-escalate1 :i* c\ld l[] ! 
?re%old = ,russian use ( nucle> weapons 
9 a regional conflict2 &  7#b7 su*      
nucle> doctr9e exac]bates ! risks (     
miscalculation & un9t5d$ consequ5ces t  

c\ld precipitate a nucle> w>4  7b7 ,plan
 requir$  7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,n lat] ?an ,m>*
 #a1 #bjah1 ! ,secret>y ( ,def5se1 9    
coord9ation ) ! ,*airman ( ! ,jo9t ,*ief
 ( ,/aff1 ! ,comm&] ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates   
,/rategic ,comm&1 & ! ,comm&] ( ! ,unit$
 ,/ates ,european ,comm&1 %all submit to
 ! congressional def5se committees a    
plan t includes options to r$uce ! risk 
( miscalculation & un9t5d$ consequ5ces t
 c\ld precipitate a nucle> w>4  7#b7    
,elem5ts ,! plan requir$ "u ?is         
subsection %all include-- 7,a7 an       
assessm5t ( ! value ( milit>y-to-milit>y
 dialog to r$uce su* risk2 &  7,b7 any  
o!r recomm5dations ! ,secret>y det]m9es 
to be appropriate4  #aa4 ,plan to impose
 sanctions ) respect to ! ,russian      
,f$]ation by reason ( non-compliance by 
! ,russian ,f$]ation ) ! ,,inf ,treaty  
7a7 ,9 g5]al ,n lat] ?an ,april #a1     
#bjah1 ! ,presid5t %all submit to !     
congressional def5se committees a plan  
to impose sanctions ) respect to !      
,russia ,f$]ation by reason (           

non-compliance by ! ,russian ,f$]ation )
 ! ,,inf ,treaty4  7b7 ,elem5ts ,! plan 
requir$ "u subsection 7a7 %\ld include  
exp&+ asset freezes & travel bans1      
prohibit+ f9ancial transactions1        
prohibit+ gov]nm5t-to-gov]nm5t          
contracts1 & any o!r sanctions t !      
,presid5t det]m9es to be appropriate4   
7c7 ,t]m9ation ,! plan requir$ "u       
subsection 7a7 %all provide = t]m9ation 
( sanctions describ$ 9 ! plan beg9n+ on 
! date on :i* ! ,presid5t submits to !  
appropriate congressional committees a  
c]tification t ! ,russian ,f$]ation has 
v]ifiably return$ to compliance ) !     
,,inf ,treaty4  7d7 ,coop]ation ,!      
,secret>y ( ,/ate %all seek to coop]ate 
) ,unit$ ,/ates allies & p>tn]s to      
maximize ! effect ( sanctions describ$ 9
 ! plan requir$ "u subsection 7a74  #ab4
 ,def9itions ,9 ?is ,act3 7#a7          
,congressional def5se committees ,! t]m 
congressional def5se committees has !   
mean+ giv5 su* t]m 9 section #aja (     
title #aj1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code4  7#b7   

,,inf ,treaty ,! t]m ,,inf ,treaty means
 ! ,treaty ,betwe5 ! ,unit$ ,/ates (    
,am]ica & ! ,union ( ,soviet ,sociali/  
,republics on ! ,elim9ation ( ,_!       
,int]m$iate-,range & ,%ort]-,range      
,missiles1 commonly ref]r$ to z !       
,int]m$iate-,range ,nucle> ,=ces 7,,inf7
 ,treaty1 sign$ at ,wa%+ton1 ,decemb]   
#h1 #aihg1 & ent]$ into =ce ,june #a1   
#aihh4  7#c7 ,,nato ,! t]m ,,nato means 
! ,nor? ,atlantic ,treaty ,organization4