,i  #aae? ,,congress  #a/ ,session  ,h4 
,r4 #bgcd  ,,9 ,,! ,,h\se ,,(           
,,repres5tatives  ,may #be1 #bjag,ms4   
,slaught] introduc$ ! foll[+ bill2 :i* 0
 ref]r$ to ! ,committee on ,ways &      
,means  ,a ,,bill  ,to require !        
,dep>tm5t ( ,comm]ce to address ! trade 
deficits betwe5 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & o!r   
c\ntries1 & = o!r purposes4  #a4 ,%ort  
title ,?is ,act may be cit$ z ! ,trade  
,en=cem5t & ,trade ,deficit ,r$uction   
,act4  #b4 ,f9d+s ,congress f9ds !      
foll[+3  7#a7 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates m>ket is 
widely recogniz$ z "o ( ! mo/ op5 m>kets
 9 ! _w4 ,av]age ,unit$ ,/ates t>iff    
rates are v l[ & ! ,unit$ ,/ates has    
limit$1 if any1 nont>iff b>ri]s4  7#b7  
,) ea* subsequ5t r\nd ( bilat]al1       
regional1 & multilat]al trade           
negotiations1 t>iffs h be5 significantly
 r$uc$ or elim9at$ = _m manufactur$     
goods1 leav+ nont>iff b>ri]s z ! mo/    
p]vasive1 significant1 & *all5g+ b>ri]s 
to ,unit$ ,/ates exports & m>ket        
opportunities4  7#c7 ,(t5 ! only lev]age

 ! ,unit$ ,/ates has to obta9 ! r$uction
 or elim9ation ( nont>iff b>ri]s impos$ 
by =eign c\ntries is to negotiate !     
am\nt ( t>iffs ! ,unit$ ,/ates imposes  
on imports f ^? =eign c\ntries4  7#d7 ,!
 ,unit$ ,/ates has become ! _w's l>ge/  
net debtor nation1 hav+ run up massive  
trade deficits s9ce ! mid-#aigjs4  7#e7 
,e ye> s9ce #aigf1 :e!r 9 expansion or  
recession1 ! ,unit$ ,/ates has run a    
deficit 9 goods & s]vices trade1 :i*    
weak5s & detracts f ,am]ica's global    
lead]%ip position4  7#f7 ,! ,unit$      
,/ates trade deficit 9 #aiic1 ! ye> be=e
 ! ,nor? ,am]ican ,free ,trade ,agreem5t
 7,,nafta7 w5t into =ce1 0 #ace4f       
billion4  7#g7 ,9 #bjae1 ! ,unit$ ,/ates
 _h a deficit 9 ! balance ( trade 9     
goods & s]vices ( #ici4h billion4  7#h7 
,9 #bjae1 ! ,unit$ ,/ates _h a trade    
deficit ( #agi billion ) c\ntries ) :i* 
x has free trade agreem5ts4  7#i7       
,p]si/5t deficits weak5 ! ,unit$ ,/ates 
economy1 def5se indu/rial base1 &       
innovation sy/em & increase ! likelihood

 ( own]%ip ( l>ge segm5ts ( ! ,unit$    
,/ates economy by =eign int]e/s4  #c4   
,)drawal ( t>iff concessions  7a7 ,9    
g5]al ,if ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,comm]ce        
det]m9es pursuant to subsection 7c7 t-- 
7#a7 a t>iff or nont>iff b>ri] or policy
 or practice ( ! gov]nm5t ( a =eign     
c\ntry ) respect to ,unit$ ,/ates       
exports ( any product has n be5 r$uc$ or
 elim9at$ 9 accordance ) ! t]ms ( a     
trade agreem5t ent]$ into betwe5 !      
,unit$ ,/ates & ! =eign c\ntry2 or  7#b7
 a t>iff or nont>iff b>ri] or policy or 
practice ( su* gov]nm5t ) respect to    
,unit$ ,/ates exports ( any product has 
be5 impos$ or discov]$1  ! ,unit$ ,/ates
 ,trade ,repres5tative %all )draw any   
modification ( any duty t r$uc$ or      
elim9at$ ! b\nd or appli$ rate ( duty on
 any product t has ! same physical      
*>act]i/ics & uses z a product describ$ 
9 p>agraph 7#a7 or 7#b7 until su* "t z !
 ,dep>tm5t ( ,comm]ce submits to        
,congress a c]tification t ! =eign      
gov]nm5t has r$uc$ or elim9at$ ! t>iff  

or nont>iff b>ri] or policy or practice4
  7b7 ,inve/igation  7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,!   
,dep>tm5t ( ,comm]ce %all initiate an   
inve/igation if an int]e/$ p>ty files a 
petition ) ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,comm]ce :i*   
alleges ! elem5ts necess>y = ! )drawal (
 ! modification ( an exi/+ duty "u      
subsection 7a71 & :i* is accompani$ by  
in=mation reasonably available to !     
petition] support+ su* allegations4     
7#b7 ,int]e/$ p>ty def9$ ,= purposes (  
p>agraph 7#a71 ! t]m int]e/$ p>ty       
means-- 7,a7 a manufactur]1 produc]1 or 
:olesal] 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( a dome/ic  
product t has ! same physical           
*>act]i/ics & uses z ! product = :i* a  
modification ( an exi/+ duty is s\ght2  
7,b7 a c]tifi$ union or recogniz$ union 
or gr\p ( work]s engag$ 9 ! manufacture1
 production1 or :olesale 9 ! ,unit$     
,/ates ( a dome/ic product t has ! same 
physical *>act]i/ics & uses z ! product 
= :i* a modification ( an exi/+ duty is 
s\ght2  7,c7 a trade or bus9ess         
association a majority ( ^: memb]s      

manufacture1 produce1 or :olesale 9 !   
,unit$ ,/ates a dome/ic product t has ! 
same physical *>act]i/ics & uses z !    
product = :i* a modification ( an exi/+ 
duty is s\ght2 or  7,d7 a memb] ( !     
,committee on ,ways & ,means ( ! ,h\se (
 ,repres5tatives or a memb] ( !         
,committee on ,f9ance ( ! ,s5ate4  7c7  
,det]m9ation by ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,comm]ce  
,n lat] ?an #de days aft] ! date on :i* 
a petition is fil$ "u subsection 7b71 ! 
,dep>tm5t ( ,comm]ce %all-- 7#a7 det]m9e
 :e!r ! petition alleges ! elem5ts      
necess>y = ! )drawal ( ! modification ( 
an exi/+ duty "u subsection 7a72 &  7#b7
 notify ! petition] ( ! det]m9ation "u  
p>agraph 7#a7 & ! reasons = !           
det]m9ation4  #d4 ,trade deficit        
r$uction  7a7 ,id5tification  7#a7 ,9   
g5]al ,n lat] ?an #fj days aft] ! date (
 ! enactm5t ( ?is ,act1 & mon?ly        
!reaft]1 ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,comm]ce %all    
id5tify ea* c\ntry f :i* ! value ( goods
 & s]vices import$ into ! ,unit$ ,/ates 
exce$s twice ! value ( goods & s]vices t

 are products ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates t are   
export$ f ! ,unit$ ,/ates to t c\ntry4  
7#b7 ,/ati/ical s\rces ,= purposes ( !  
calculations describ$ 9 ?is section1 !  
,dep>tm5t ( ,comm]ce %all use ! goods & 
s]vices trade deficit data compil$ by ! 
,unit$ ,/ates ,int]national ,trade      
,commission1 specifically-- 7,a7 ,u4,s4 
,imports = ,consumption data1 9 ! case (
 imports2 &  7,b7 ,u4,s4 ,dome/ic       
,exports data1 9 ! case ( exports4  7#c7
 ,exclusion ( lea/ develop$ c\ntries ,= 
purposes ( ?is subsection1 ! t]m c\ntry 
does n include a c\ntry t is id5tifi$ on
 ! mo/ rec5t ,li/ ( ,lea/ ,develop$     
,c\ntries publi%$ by ! ,unit$ ,nations  
,committee = ,developm5t ,policy4  7b7  
,action by ,u4,s4 ,cu/oms & ,bord]      
,protection ,9 ! case ( a c\ntry :i* is 
id5tifi$ "u subsection 7a7 = six        
consecutive mon?s1 ,u4,s4 ,cu/oms &     
,bord] ,protection %all b> ! importation
 ( products f a c\ntry id5tifi$ "u      
subsection 7a71 o!r ?an ^? grant$ a     
waiv] "u subsection 7c71 beg9n+ #ahj    

days aft] ! date on :i* a det]m9ation is
 made "u subsection 7a7 until su* "t t--
 7#a7 su* c\ntry is no long] id5tifi$ "u
 subsection 7a72 or  7#b7 ! ,presid5t   
has provid$ writt5 notice to ,congress (
 ! ,presid5t's int5tion to ent] into    
negotiations ) su* c\ntry to ent] into a
 trade agreem5t1 or *anges to an exi/+  
trade agreem5t1 ) su* c\ntry pursuant to
 section #aje7;a77#a77;,a7 ( !          
,bip>tisan ,congressional ,trade        
,priorities & ,acc\ntability ,act (     
#bjae 7#ai ,u4,s4,c4                    
#dbjd7;a77#a77;,a774  7c7 ,waiv] ,a     
manufactur]1 produc]1 or :olesal] 9 !   
,unit$ ,/ates may apply to ! ,dep>tm5t (
 ,comm]ce to all[ ! importation ( a     
product f a c\ntry id5tifi$ "u          
subsection 7a71 :i* ! ,dep>tm5t (       
,comm]ce %all grant-- 7#a7 if x is %[n t
 su* product is n available 9 suffici5t 
quantities f o!r s\rces2 &  7#b7 = a    
p]iod n to exce$ "o ye>4