,,iv  #aae? ,,congress  #a/ ,session    
,h4 ,,con4 ,,res4 #gi  ,,9 ,,! ,,h\se   
,,( ,,repres5tatives  ,septemb] #ad1    
#bjag,mr4 ,cony]s 7= himself1 ,mr4      
,nadl]1 ,ms4 ,l(gr51 ,mr4 ,coh51 ,mr4   
,rask91 ,mr4 ,al ,gre5 ( ,texas1 ,ms4   
,jackson ,lee1 ,mr4 ,johnson ( ,georgia1
 ,mr4 ,jeffries1 ,mr4 ,blum5au]1 & ,mr4 
,gutirrez7 submitt$ ! foll[+ concurr5t  
resolution2 :i* 0 ref]r$ to ! ,committee
 on ! ,judici>y  ,,concurr5t            
,,resolution  ,express+ ! s5se (        
,congress t ,congress & ! ,/ates %\ld   
consid] a con/itutional am5dm5t to re=m 
! ,electoral ,college & e/abli% a       
process = elect+ ! ,presid5t & ,vice    
,presid5t by a national popul> vote &   
%\ld enc\rage individual ,/ates to      
cont9ue to re=m ! ,electoral ,college   
process ?r\gh su* /eps z ! =mation ( an 
int]/ate compact to aw>d ! majority (   
,electoral ,college votes to ! national 
popul> vote w9n]4  ,:]eas ! ,supreme    
,c\rt has held t ! conception (         
political equality f ! ,decl>ation (    

,indep5d5ce1 to ,l9coln's ,gettysburg   
,address1 to ! #ae?1 #ag?1 & #ai?       
,am5dm5ts c only mean "o ?+ -- "o p]son1
 "o vote22 ,:]eas ! ,electoral ,college 
is an anti-democratic me?od (           
,presid5tial selection t has p]mitt$ !  
c&idate )\t a majority ( ! popul> vote  
to become ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates on
 five occasions1 includ+ ! mo/ rec5t    
election1 9 :i* ,hill>y ,cl9ton g>n]$   
almo/ #c million m votes ?an ,electoral 
,college w9n] ,donald ,trump2 ,:]eas !  
,electoral ,college less5s ! value (    
votes 9 ! majority ( ,/ates relative to 
! value ( votes 9 s-call$ sw+ ,/ates    
because a small numb] ( vot]s 9 ^!      
,/ates c det]m9e ! outcome ( an         
election2 ,:]eas a p]son c\ld be elect$ 
,presid5t ) pot5tially less ?an #bb     
p]c5t ( ! popul> vote1 call+ into "q 8  
or h] political legitimacy2 ,:]eas !    
w9n] take all basis ( ! ,electoral      
,college disc\nts ! votes ( ! millions (
 p :o did n vote = ! w9n+ c&idate 9 _!  
,/ates2 ,:]eas ! ,electoral ,college    

does n act z a *eck on unqualifi$       
c&idates z ! ,fram]s ( ! ,con/itution   
int5d$ because x is populat$ by         
political p>ty loyali/s :o d n1 & (t5 "u
 ,/ate law _c1 ex]cise indep5d5t judgm5t
 or :o d n ev5 meet to delib]ate ab\t :o
 %\ld be ,presid5t1 :i* is :y ov] "t !re
 h be5 v few fai?less electors1 & none t
 h decid$ an election's outcome2 ,:]eas 
! ,electoral ,college does n protect    
small-population ,/ates & rural areas f 
dom9ation by l>ge-population ,/ates &   
urban areas & in/ead enc\rages c&idates 
to bypass ! majority ( ,/ates1 :atev] _!
 size1 to focus _! campaign ef=ts on a v
 small numb] ( sw+ ,/ates2 ,:]eas 9 !   
#bjaf ,presid5tial election bo? major   
p>ty c&idates l>gely bypass$ #c ( ! #d  
l>ge/ ,/ates by population dur+ !       
campaign & also skipp$ campaign+ 9 #ab (
 ! #ac smalle/ ,/ates z well2 ,:]eas    
/atewide rec\nts "u diff]+ & confus+    
rules br+ nei!r cl>ity nor f9ality to ! 
electoral process1 :ile a national      
popul> vote is f> m likely to e/abli% a 

cle> w9n]1 avoid+ ! necessity ( rec\nts 
altoge!r2 ,:]eas accord+ to ,yale ,law  
,s*ool ,pr(essor ,akhil ,re$ ,am>1 !    
,electoral ,college is an ana*roni/ic   
in/itution1 its hi/orical developm5t    
root$ 9 pres]v+ ! political influ5ce (  
slavehold+ ,/ates ^: enslav$ populations
 7 n all[$ to vote b ?ree-fif?s ( :om 7 
c\nt$ :5 det]m9+ ! numb] ( ,electoral   
,college votes allott$ to ! ,/ate2      
,:]eas propos$ am5dm5ts to !            
,con/itution re=m+ ! ,electoral ,college
 h be5 approv$ by a two-?irds majority  
twice 9 ! ,s5ate & once 9 ! ,h\se1 & m  
?an #gjj proposals to elim9ate or re=m !
 ,electoral ,college h be5 introduc$2 & 
,:]eas #aa ,/ates repres5t+ #afe        
electoral votes h already ent]$ into an 
int]/ate compact to ca/ _! electoral    
votes = ! national popul> vote w9n]3    
,n[1 !re=e1 be x  ,t x is ! s5se (      
,congress t-- 7#a7 ,congress & ! ,/ates 
%\ld consid] a con/itutional am5dm5t to 
re=m ! ,electoral ,college & e/abli% a  
process = elect+ ! ,presid5t & ,vice    

,presid5t by a national popul> vote2 &  
7#b7 ,congress %\ld enc\rage ! ,/ates to
 cont9ue to re=m ! ,electoral ,college  
process ?r\gh su* /eps z ! =mation ( an 
int]/ate compact to aw>d ! majority (   
,electoral ,college votes to ! national 
popul> vote w9n]4