,,iii  #aad? ,,congress  #a/ ,session   
,s4 ,,res4 #ahc  ,,9 ,,! ,,s5ate ,,( ,,!
 ,,unit$ ,,/ates  ,may #ba1 #bjae ,mr4  
,s*atz 7= himself1 ,mr4 ,mc,cain1 & ,mr4
 ,sullivan7 submitt$ ! foll[+           
resolution2 :i* 0 ref]r$ to ! ,committee
 on ,=eign ,relations  ,,resolution     
,call+ = susp5sion ( con/ruction (      
artificial l& =mations on isl&s1 reefs1 
%oals1 & o!r features ( ! ,spratly      
,isl&s & = a peaceful & multilat]al     
resolution to ! ,s\? ,*9a ,sea          
t]ritorial dispute4  ,:]eas ! ,unit$    
,/ates ,gov]nm5t /rongly supports !     
peaceful resolution ( t]ritorial1       
sov]eignty1 & jurisdictional disputes 9 
! ,s\? ,*9a ,sea2 ,:]eas ! ,s\? ,*9a    
,sea includes critical sea l9es (       
communication & comm]ce betwe5 !        
,pacific & ,indian oceans2 ,:]eas !     
,unit$ ,/ates ,gov]nm5t has a national  
int]e/ 9 fre$om ( navigation & ov]flight
 9 ! ,s\? ,*9a ,sea1 z provid$ = by     
cu/om>y pr9ciples ( int]national law2   
,:]eas ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,gov]nm5t is also

 committ$ to uphold+ int]nationally     
lawful uses ( ! high seas & ! ,exclusive
 ,economic ,zones z well z to ! relat$  
rights & fre$oms 9 o!r m>itime zones1   
includ+ ! rights ( innoc5t passage1     
transit passage1 & ar*ipelagic sea lanes
 passage consi/5t ) cu/om>y int]national
 law2 ,:]eas ! ,unit$ ,/ates has an     
int]e/ 9 enc\rag+ & support+ ! nations (
 ! region to "w collaboratively &       
diplomatically to resolve disputes )\t  
co]cion1 intimidation1 ?reats1 or ! use 
( =ce2 ,:]eas ! ,unit$ ,/ates fur!r     
supports ! ef=ts ( /ates to resolve _!  
disputes 9 accordance ) int]national    
law1 includ+ ?r\gh int]nationally       
recogniz$ legal dispute settlem5t       
me*anisms1 & urges ! full implem5tation 
( any decisions r5d]$ by ! relevant     
c\rts & tribunals :i* are b9d+ on !m2   
,:]eas ! ,s\? ,*9a ,sea pot5tially      
conta9s great natural res\rces1 & _!    
/ew>d%ip & responsible use (f]s imm5se  
pot5tial b5efit = g5]ations to come2    
,:]eas ,brunei1 ,malaysia1 ,*9a1        

,taiwan1 ,vietnam1 & ! ,philipp9es h    
ov]lapp+ t]ritorial1 sov]eignty1 &      
jurisdictional claim to all or "s ( !   
,spratly ,isl&s2 ,:]eas1 on ,janu>y #bc1
 #bjac1 ! ,philipp9es laun*$ an         
arbitration process "u an exi/+         
int]national me*anism *all5g+ ,*9a's    
claim ( a n9e da% l9e ar\nd ! ,s\? ,*9a 
,sea2 ,:]eas1 al?\gh ! ,unit$ ,/ates    
does n take a position on compet+       
t]ritorial claims ov] l& features &     
m>itime b\nd>ies ( ! ,spratly ,isl&s1 x 
does h a /rong & long-/&+ int]e/ 9 !    
mann] 9 :i* disputes 9 ! ,s\? ,*9a ,sea 
are address$ & 9 ! conduct ( ! p>ties2  
,:]eas1 ev5 :ile ! ,gov]nm5t ( ! ,p's   
,republic ( ,*9a has refus$ to          
p>ticipate 9 =mal arbitration ) !       
,gov]nm5t ( ! ,philipp9es1 x %\ld comply
 ) any int]national rul+ on compet+     
t]ritorial claims ) ! ,philipp9es 9 !   
,s\? ,*9a ,sea2 ,:]eas1 9 rec5t ye>s1 ! 
,gov]nm5t ( ! ,p's ,republic ( ,*9a has 
engag$ 9 unilat]al l& reclamation &     
con/ruction activities 9 ! ,spratly     

,isl&s t und]m9es regional /ability & is
 c\nt] to multilat]al ef=ts = peaceful  
resolution ( t]ritorial1 sov]eignty1 &  
jurisdictional disputes 9 ! ,s\? ,*9a   
,sea2 ,:]eas1 al?\gh o!r claimants to ! 
,spratly ,isl&s h built small outpo/s & 
h engag$ 9 m9or ma9t5ance on features !y
 already occupy1 9 less ?an "o ye> !    
,gov]nm5t ( ! ,p's ,republic ( ,*9a has 
rapidly exce$$ all prec$+ activities &  
act$ on a mu* l>g] scale2 ,:]eas1 on    
,novemb] #d1 #bjjb1 ! gov]nm5ts ( !     
memb] /ates ( ! ,association ( ,s\!a/   
,asian ,nations 7,,asean7 & ! ,gov]nm5t 
( ! ,p's ,republic ( ,*9a sign$ a       
,decl>ation on ! ,conduct ( ,p>ties 9 ! 
,s\? ,*9a ,sea t1 among o!r ?+s1 decl>$1
 ,! ,p>ties und]take to ex]cise         
self-re/ra9t 9 ! conduct ( activities t 
w\ld complicate or escalate disputes &  
affect peace & /ability includ+1 among  
o!rs1 refra9+ f action ( inhabit+ on !  
pres5tly un9habit$ isl&s1 reefs1 %oals1 
cays1 & o!r features & to h&le _!       
diff]5ces 9 a con/ructive mann]42 ,:]eas

 ,*9a's l& reclamation is e/imat$ to co/
 ! region's littoral /ates #ajj1jjj1jjj 
a ye> due to damage to ! ecosy/em & !   
degradation ( fi% /ocks2 ,:]eas1 on ,m>*
 #bc1 #bjae1 satellite imag]y %[$ !     
,gov]nm5t ( ! ,p's ,republic ( ,*9a     
build+ a concrete runway on ! ,fi]y     
,cross ,reef t is expect$ to be #aj1jjj 
feet long & give ! ,*9ese milit>y !     
capability to l& fight] jets &          
surveillance jets1 :i* is de/abiliz+ to 
regional peace & /ability2 ,:]eas       
satellite imag]y also %[$ ! ,gov]nm5t ( 
! ,p's ,republic ( ,*9a unilat]ally     
con/ruct+ isl& t]ritory on ,subi ,reef  
t1 if connect$1 w\ld support an         
additional air/rip2 ,:]eas satellite    
imag]y also %[$ t ,woody ,isl& & ,duncan
 ,isl& h gr[n significantly due to      
,*9ese l& reclamation activities2       
,:]eas1 a ,m>* #af1 #bjae1 image publi%$
 by ! ,c5t] = ,/rategic & ,int]national 
,/udies %[$ t ! ,gov]nm5t ( ! ,p's      
,republic ( ,*9a con/ruct$ a *a9 (      
artificial l& =mations1 new /ructures1  

=tifi$ sea walls1 & con/ruction equipm5t
 along ,mis*ief ,reef1 an area claim$ by
 ! ,philipp9es & )9 its ,exclusive      
,economic ,zone2 ,:]eas1 9 ,april #bjae1
 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,(fice ( ,naval        
,intellig5ce publi%$ a report on !      
,*9ese ,p's ,lib]ation ,army ,navy %[+ t
 ! ,gov]nm5t ( ! ,p's ,republic ( ,*9a  
has reclaim$ hundr$s ( acres ( l& at !  
sev5 features x occupies 9 ! ,spratly   
,isl&s ?r\gh\t #bjad & /at$ t ,*9a      
appe>s to be build+ mu* l>g] facilities 
t c\ld support naval op]ations42 ,:]eas1
 on ,april #f1 #bjae1 ,secret>y (       
,def5se ,a% ,c>t] not$ deep conc]ns     
reg>d+ "s ( ! activities ( ! ,gov]nm5t (
 ! ,p's ,republic ( ,*9a1 includ+ its   
behavior 9 places l ! ,ea/ & ,s\? ,*9a  
,seas42 ,:]eas1 on ,april #i1 #bjae1    
,presid5t ,b>ack ,obama /at$1 ,:]e !    
,unit$ ,/ates gets conc]n$ ) ,*9a is :]e
 x is n necess>ily abid+ by int]national
 norms & rules1 & is us+ its size &     
muscle to =ce c\ntries into subord9ate  
positions4 ,& t's ! conc]n we h ar\nd   

m>itime issues42 ,:]eas1 on ,april #af1 
#bjae1 ! ,comm&] ( ,unit$ ,/ates        
,pacific ,comm&1 ,admiral ,lockle>1 /at$
 t ,*9ese l& reclamation activities 9 ! 
,s\? ,*9a ,sea w\ld give !m de facto    
control 9 peacetime ( mu* ( ! _w's mo/  
important wat]ways2 t ,*9a c\ld place   
long-range detection rad>s on ! outpo/s 
9 ord] to place m w>%ips !re2 & t ,s\!a/
 ,asian nations are increas+ly worri$ t 
,*9a's new capabilities w all[ x to take
 de facto control ( ! surr\nd+ wat]s2   
,:]eas add+ a milit>y dim5sion to !     
t]ritorial dispute exac]bates ! risks ( 
misp]ceptions1 accid5ts1 & o!r dang]\s  
incid5ts 9 ! ,spratly ,isl&s2 ,:]eas1 on
 ,april #i1 #bjae1 ,*9ese ,=eign ,m9i/ry
 spokeswoman1 ,hua ,*uny+1 0 quot$ z    
say+1 ,aft] ! con/ruction1 ! isl&s &    
reefs w be able to provide all-r\nd &   
compreh5sive s]vices to meet v>i\s      
civilian dem&s besides satisfy+ ! ne$ ( 
necess>y milit>y def5se42 ,:]eas ,,asean
 has promot$ multilat]al talks on       
disput$ areas )\t settl+ ! issue (      

sov]eignty1 & committ$ ) ,*9a 9 ! #bjjb 
,decl>ation on ! ,conduct ( ,p>ties 9 ! 
,s\? ,*9a ,sea to reaffirm _! respect = 
& commitm5t to ! fre$om ( navigation 9 &
 ov] flight above ! ,s\? ,*9a ,sea z    
provid$ = by ! univ]sally recogniz$     
pr9ciples ( int]national law & to       
resolve _! t]ritorial & jurisdictional  
disputes by peaceful means1 )\t resort+ 
to ! ?reat or use ( =ce2 ,:]eas !       
reclamation activities ( ! ,gov]nm5t ( !
 ,p's ,republic ( ,*9a ?reat5 ,,asean   
unity & its multilat]al ef=ts to promote
 peaceful reconciliation ( t]ritorial1  
sov]eignty1 & jurisdictional disputes 9 
! ,spratly ,isl&s & ! broad] ,s\? ,*9a  
,sea2 & ,:]eas1 on ,janu>y #bh1 #bjae1  
,philipp9e ,=eign ,secret>y ,alb]to del 
,ros>io urg$ ,,asean to consid] rea*+   
out to ! int]national community to say  
to ,*9a t :at x is do+ is wrong--t x mu/
 /op its reclamation activities at once3
 ,n[1 !re=e1 be x  ,t ! ,s5ate-- 7#a7   
condemns ! ,gov]nm5t ( ! ,p's ,republic 
( ,*9a's unilat]al con/ruction (        

artificial l& =mations 9 ! disput$      
,spratly ,isl&s2  7#b7 /rongly urges all
 p>ties to m>itime & t]ritorial disputes
 9 ! region to respect ! /atus quo1     
ex]cise self-re/ra9t 9 ! conduct (      
activities t w\ld und]m9e /ability or   
complicate or escalate disputes1 refra9 
f inhabit+ or g>rison+ pres5tly         
un9habit$ isl&s1 reefs1 %oals1 & o!r    
features1 & refra9 f unilat]al actions t
 cause p]man5t physical *ange to ! m>9e 
environm5t 9 areas p5d+ f9al            
delimitation2  7#c7 urges ! ,gov]nm5t ( 
! ,p's ,republic ( ,*9a to cl>ify !     
mean+ ( its n9e da% l9e claim & !       
m>itime areas x claims )9 t space2  7#d7
 fur!r urges ! ,gov]nm5t ( ! ,p's       
,republic ( ,*9a to cl>ify its int5tions
 ) respect to e/abli%+ necess>y milit>y 
def5se on reclaim$ features & condemns !
 milit>ization ( disput$ features2  7#e7
 supports ef=ts by p>ties to m>itime &  
t]ritorial disputes to h&le _! diff]5ces
 9 a con/ructive mann] & pursue _!      
claims ?r\gh peaceful1 diplomatic1 &    

legitimate regional & int]national      
arbitration me*anisms2  7#f7 reaffirms !
 /rong support ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates = !    
memb] /ates ( ,,asean z !y seek to      
develop a code ( conduct ( p>ties 9 !   
,s\? ,*9a ,sea ) ! ,p's ,republic (     
,*9a1 & urges ,*9a to ent] into su*     
negotiations 9 a s]i\s mann]2  7#g7     
supports ef=ts to /r5g!n regional       
m>itime doma9 aw>5ess2  7#h7 supports   
ef=ts to /r5g!n m>itime p>tn] capacity1 
includ+ ?r\gh ! sale & transf] (        
te*nology t promotes m>itime doma9      
aw>5ess2 &  7#i7 supports ! cont9uation 
( op]ations by ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,arm$    
,=ces 9 support ( fre$om ( navigation   
rights 9 int]national wat]s & air space 
9 ! ,s\? ,*9a ,sea4