,,iii  #aad? ,,congress  #b;d ,session  
,s4 ,,con4 ,,res4 #dh  ,,9 ,,! ,,s5ate  
,,( ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates  ,july #ad1     
#bjaf ,mr4 ,blum5?al 7= himself1 ,mr4   
,kirk1 & ,mr4 ,murphy7 submitt$ ! foll[+
 concurr5t resolution2 :i* 0 ref]r$ to !
 ,committee on ,=eign ,relations        
,,concurr5t ,,resolution  ,express+ !   
s5se ( ,congress t ! ,italian ,supreme  
,c\rt ( ,cassation %\ld dome/icate &    
recognize judgm5ts issu$ by ,unit$      
,/ates c\rts on behalf ( ,unit$ ,/ates  
victims ( t]rorism1 & t ! ,italian      
,m9i/ry ( ,=eign ,affairs %\ld cease its
 political int]f]5ce ) ,italy's         
indep5d5t judici>y1 :i* x c>ries out 9 !
 int]e/s ( /ate sponsors ( t]rorism su* 
z ! ,islamic ,republic ( ,iran4  ,:]eas1
 9 #aiif1 ,congress pass$ ! ,t]rorism   
,exception to ! ,=eign ,sov]eign        
,immunities ,act to give ,unit$ ,/ates  
citiz5s a private means ( r$ress =      
injuries & dea?s caus$ by /ate-sponsor$ 
acts ( t]rorism 7orig9ally codifi$ at   
section #afje7;a77#g7 ( title #bh1      

,unit$ ,/ates ,code & subsequ5tly am5d$ 
& recodifi$ at section #afje;,a ( title 
#bh1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code7 79 ?is        
resolution ref]r$ to z ! ,t]rorism      
,exception72 ,:]eas ! ,t]rorism         
,exception cont9ues to be an important  
tool = ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,gov]nm5t to     
protect ! int]e/s ( its nationals1 & to 
det] global t]rorism2 ,:]eas ! families 
( ,alisa ,flat[1 ,s>ah ,duk]1 & ,mat!w  
,eis5feld1 ,unit$ ,/ates /ud5ts kill$ 9 
,iran-sponsor$ bomb+s1 secur$ judgm5ts  
aga9/ ! ,islamic ,republic ( ,iran 9    
,unit$ ,/ates ,f$]al c\rt = its role 9  
^? murd]s2 ,:]eas ! families ( ,alisa   
,flat[1 ,s>ah ,duk]1 & ,mat!w ,eis5feld 
attempt$ to en=ce ^? ,unit$ ,/ates      
judgm5ts aga9/ ,iranian assets held 9   
,italy2 ,:]eas ! families ( ,alisa      
,flat[1 ,s>ah ,duk]1 & ,mat!w ,eis5feld 
initially dome/icat$ _! judgm5ts 9      
,italian c\rt2 ,:]eas ! ,italian ,m9i/ry
 ( ,=eign ,affairs ent]$ appe>ances 9   
subsequ5t proce$+s on behalf ( !        
,islamic ,republic ( ,iran1 int]f]+ ) ! 

dome/ication & successfully caus+ !     
,italian ,supreme ,c\rt ( ,cassation    
7,italy's highe/ c\rt ( appeal7 to      
ov]turn ! ,c\rt ( ,appeals ( ,rome's    
judgm5t 9 favor ( ^! ,unit$ ,/ates      
t]rorism victims 7,islamic ,republic (  
,iran v4 ,flat[1 ,cass41 sez4 un41 #bb  
giugno #bjjg1 n4 #adegj 7,x472 ,islamic 
,republic ( ,iran v4 ,eis5feld1 ,cass41 
sez4 un41 #bb giugno #bjjg1 n4 #adega   
7,x4772 ,:]eas ! ,italian ,supreme ,c\rt
 ( ,cassation condemn$ ! ,t]rorism      
,exception--a crucial ,unit$ ,/ates     
antit]rorism /atute--z a violation (    
int]national law on ! gr\nds t x gives  
,unit$ ,/ates citiz5s a rem$y = acts (  
t]rorism committ$ outside ( ! ,unit$    
,/ates 7,flat[ v4 ,islamic ,republic (  
,iran1 ,cass41 sez4 un41 #bh ottobre    
#bjae1 n4 #baidf 7,x472 ,eis5feld v4    
,islamic ,republic ( ,iran1 ,cass41 sez4
 un41 #bh ottobre #bjae1 n4 #baidg      
7,x4772 ,:]eas ! ,italian ,supreme ,c\rt
 ( ,cassation !re=e refuses to recognize
 any judgm5ts issu$ by ,unit$ ,/ates    

c\rts "u ! ,t]rorism ,exception 7id472  
,:]eas ,congress w use e tool at its    
disposal to seek ju/ice = ,unit$ ,/ates 
citiz5s :o are murd]$ 9 acts ( t]rorism1
 includ+ attacks committ$ outside !     
,unit$ ,/ates2 & ,:]eas ,unit$ ,/ates   
c\rts h appli$ ! ,t]rorism ,exception to
 br+ ju/ice to ,european ,union victims 
( /ate-sponsor$ t]rorism direct$ aga9/  
,unit$ ,/ates nationals 7see1 e4g41     
,hur/ v4 ,sociali/ ,p's ,libyan ,arab   
,jamahiriya1 #dgd ,f4 ,supp4 #b;d #ai   
7,d4,d4,c4 #bjjg72 ,re9 v4 ,sociali/    
,p's ,libyan ,arab ,jamahiriya1 #iie ,f4
 ,supp4 #cbe 7,e4,d4,n4,y4 #aiih773 ,n[1
 !re=e1 be x  ,t x is ! s5se ( ,congress
 t-- 7#a7 ,italy has violat$ ! pr9ciple 
( reciprocity gov]n+ ! mutual           
recognition ( dome/ic c\rt aw>ds betwe5 
our two nations2  7#b7 ! int]v5tion by !
 ,italian ,m9i/ry ( ,=eign ,affairs on  
behalf ( ,iran aga9/ victims ( ,iranian 
t]rorism 0 initiat$ to ! detrim5t ( bo? 
,unit$ ,/ates & ,european ,union        
t]rorism victims2 &  7#c7 ! ,european   

,c\rt ( ,human ,rights %\ld-- 7,a7      
ov]turn ! ,italian ,supreme ,c\rt (     
,cassation's errone\s rul+s 9 ,flat[ v4 
,islamic ,republic ( ,iran 7,cass41 sez4
 un41 #bh ottobre #bjae1 n4 #baidf      
7,x477 & ,eis5feld v4 ,islamic ,republic
 ( ,iran 7,cass41 sez4 un41 #bh ottobre 
#bjae1 n4 #baidg 7,x4772 &  7,b7 ord] ! 
,italian ,supreme ,c\rt ( ,cassation to 
recognize ! ,unit$ ,/ates judgm5ts held 
by ! ,flat[1 ,duk]1 & ,eis5feld families
 aga9/ ,iran4