,,ii  #aad? ,,congress  #a/ ,session    
,s4 #fcb  ,,9 ,,! ,,s5ate ,,( ,,!       
,,unit$ ,,/ates  ,m>* #c1 #bjae,mr4     
,coons 7= himself1 ,mr4 ,durb91 & ,ms4  
,hirono7 introduc$ ! foll[+ bill2 :i* 0 
read twice & ref]r$ to ! ,committee on !
 ,judici>y  ,a ,,bill  ,to /r5g!n !     
position ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates z ! _w's     
lead+ innovator by am5d+ title #ce1     
,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 to protect !       
prop]ty rights ( ! inv5tors t gr[ !     
c\ntry's economy4  #a4 ,%ort title2     
table ( cont5ts  7a7 ,%ort title ,?is   
,act may be cit$ z ! ,support ,te*nology
 & ,rese>* = ,our ,nation's ,gr[?       
,pat5ts ,act ( #bjae or ! ,,/rong       
,pat5ts ,act ( #bjae4  7b7 ,table (     
cont5ts ,! table ( cont5ts = ?is ,act is
 z foll[s3 ,sec4 #a4 ,%ort title2 table 
( cont5ts4,,title ,i--,,/rong ,pat5ts   
,act,sec4 #aja4 ,f9d+s4,sec4 #ajb4 ,int]
 p>tes review4,sec4 #ajc4 ,po/-grant    
review4,sec4 #ajd4 ,composition (       
po/-grant review & int] p>tes review    
panels4,sec4 #aje4 ,reexam9ation (      

pat5ts4,sec4 #ajf4 ,elim9ation ( ,=m    
#ah4,sec4 #ajg4 ,elim9ation ( ,,uspto   
fee div]sion4,sec4 #ajh4 ,willful       
infr+em5t4,sec4 #aji4 ,divid$           
infr+em5t4,sec4 #aaj4 ,in/itutions (    
high] education4,sec4 #aaa4 ,assi/+     
small bus9esses 9 ! ,u4,s4 pat5t        
sy/em4,,title ,,ii--,t>get+ ,rogue &    
,opaque ,letters,sec4 #bja4             
,def9itions4,sec4 #bjb4 ,unfair or      
deceptive acts or practices 9 connection
 ) ! ass]tion ( a ,unit$ ,/ates         
pat5t4,sec4 #bjc4 ,en=cem5t by ,f$]al   
,trade ,commission4,sec4 #bjd4          
,preemption ( ,/ate laws on pat5t dem&  
lett]s & en=cem5t by ,/ate attorneys    
g5]al4  ,i ,,/rong ,pat5ts ,act  #aja4  
,f9d+s ,congress f9ds t--  7#a7 ! pat5t 
prop]ty rights en%r9$ 9 ! ,con/itution (
 ! ,unit$ ,/ates provide ! f\ndation = !
 exceptional innovation environm5t 9 !  
,unit$ ,/ates2  7#b7 /rong pat5t rights 
enc\rage ,unit$ ,/ates inv5tors to inve/
 _! res\rces 9 creat+ new inv5tions2    
7#c7 pat5t protection has l$ to pati5t  

cures1 positive *anges to ! /&>d ( liv+ 
= all p 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & improvem5ts
 to ! agricultural1 telecommunications1 
& electronics indu/ries1 among o!rs2    
7#d7 ! ,unit$ ,/ates pat5t sy/em is an  
ess5tial "p ( ! c\ntry's economic       
success2  7#e7 /rong pat5t protection   
improves ! *ances ( success = small     
companies & increases _! *ances ( secur+
 f9anc+ f inve/ors2  7#f7 intellectual  
prop]ty-int5sive indu/ries 9 ! ,unit$   
,/ates g5]ate t5s ( millions ( jobs =   
individuals 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates2  7#g7    
intellectual prop]ty-int5sive indu/ries 
9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates acc\nt = m ?an "o-?ird
 ( ! c\ntry's gross dome/ic product2    
7#h7 9 ! highly competitive global      
economy1 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ne$s to uphold 
/rong pat5t protections to ma9ta9 its   
position z ! _w's premi] innovative     
c\ntry2  7#i7 ,congress la/ enact$      
compreh5sive re=ms ( ! pat5t sy/em only 
a few ye>s ago1 9 #bjaa2  7#aj7 un9t5d$ 
consequ5ces ( ! compreh5sive #bjaa re=m 
( pat5t laws are cont9u+ to become      

evid5t1 includ+ ! /rategic fil+ (       
po/-grant review proce$+s to depress    
/ock prices & extort settlem5ts2  7#aa7 
! ,judicial ,conf]5ce ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 
is 9 ! process ( mak+ significant       
revisions to rules gov]n+ plead+s &     
discov]y 9 ! ,f$]al ,rules ( ,civil     
,proc$ure1 ) *anges s*$ul$ to take      
effect 9 ,decemb] #bjae2  7#ab7 !       
,supreme ,c\rt rec5tly issu$ rul+s 9    
,octane ,fitness1 ,,llc v4 ,icon ,heal? 
,fitness1 ,inc41 #acd ,s4,ct4 #agdi     
7#bjad7 & ,highm>k ,inc4 v4 ,allc>e     
,heal? ,managem5t ,sy/em1 ,inc41 #acd   
,s4,ct4 #agdd 7#bjad7 t significantly   
r$uc$ ! burd5 on an alleg$ infr+] to    
recov] attorney fees f ! pat5t own]1 &  
increas$ ! incid5ce ( fees %ift$ to !   
los+ p>ty2 &  7#ac7 ef=ts by ,congress  
to re=m ! pat5t sy/em )\t c>eful scrut9y
 create a s]i\s risk ( mak+ x m co/ly & 
difficult = legitimate innovators to    
protect _! pat5ts f infr+em5t1 !reby    
weak5+ ,unit$ ,/ates companies & !      
,unit$ ,/ates economy4  #ajb4 ,int]     

p>tes review  7a7 ,claim con/ruction    
,section #caf7;a7 ( title #ce1 ,unit$   
,/ates ,code1 is am5d$-- 7#a7 9 p>agraph
 7#ab71 by /rik+ 2 & & ins]t+ a         
semicolon2  7#b7 9 p>agraph 7#ac71 by   
/rik+ ! p]iod at ! end & ins]t+ 2 &2 &  
7#c7 by add+ at ! end ! foll[+3  7#ad7  
provid+ t = all purposes "u ?is *apt]-- 
7,a7 ea* claim ( a pat5t %all be con/ru$
 z ! claim w\ld be con/ru$ "u section   
#bhb7;b7 9 an action to invalidate a    
pat5t1 includ+ by con/ru+ ea* claim ( ! 
pat5t 9 accordance )--  7i7 ! ord9>y &  
cu/om>y mean+ ( ! claim z und]/ood by a 
p]son hav+ ord9>y skill 9 ! art to :i* !
 claim$ inv5tion p]ta9s2 &  7ii7 !      
prosecution hi/ory p]ta9+ to ! pat5t2 & 
7,b7 if a c\rt has previ\sly con/ru$ a  
claim ( a pat5t or a claim t]m 9 a civil
 action to :i* ! pat5t own] 0 a p>ty1 ! 
,(fice %all consid] t claim con/ruction4
  4  7b7 ,am5dm5t ( claims ,section     
#caf7;d7 ( title #ce1 ,unit$ ,/ates     
,code1 is am5d$ to read z foll[s3  7d7  
,am5dm5t ( ! pat5t  7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,dur+ 

an int] p>tes review in/itut$ "u ?is    
*apt]1 ! pat5t own] may move to am5d !  
pat5t 9 #a or m ( ! foll[+ ways3  7,a7  
,cancel any *all5g$ pat5t claim4  7,b7  
,= ea* *all5g$ claim1 propose a         
reasonable numb] ( sub/itute claims4    
7#b7 ,initial am5dm5t ,if ! pat5t own]  
has n am5d$ ! pat5t "u ?is subsection1 a
 motion to am5d fil$ by ! pat5t own]    
%all be grant$ if ! propos$ numb] (     
sub/itute claims is reasonable4  7#c7   
,additional am5dm5ts  7,a7 ,p]mission to
 file motions ,if ! pat5t own] has am5d$
 ! pat5t "u ?is subsection1 additional  
motions to am5d may be p]mitt$ ^u--  7i7
 ! jo9t reque/ ( ! petition] & ! pat5t  
own] to mat]ially advance ! settlem5t ( 
a proce$+ "u section #cag2 or  7ii7 !   
reque/ ( ! pat5t own] = good cause %[n4 
7,b7 ,discretion to grant motions ,!    
,pat5t ,trial & ,appeal ,bo>d %all      
det]m9e1 9 its discretion1 :e!r to grant
 or d5y a motion fil$ "u ?is p>agraph4  
7#d7 ,scope ( claims ,an am5dm5t to a   
pat5t "u ?is subsection may n enl>ge !  

scope ( ! claims ( ! pat5t or introduce 
new matt]4  4  7c7 ,burd5 ( pro(        
,section #caf7;e7 ( title #ce1 ,unit$   
,/ates ,code1 is am5d$ to read z foll[s3
  7e7 ,evid5ti>y /&>ds  7#a7            
,presumption ( validity ,! presumption (
 validity "u section #bhb7;a7 %all apply
 to a previ\sly issu$ claim t is *all5g$
 dur+ a proce$+ "u ?is *apt]4  7#b7     
,burd5s ( pro( ,9 an int] p>tes review  
in/itut$ "u ?is *apt]1 ! petition] %all 
h ! burd5 ( prov+--  7,a7 a proposition 
( unpat5tability ( a previ\sly issu$    
claim by cle> & conv9c+ evid5ce2 &  7,b7
 a proposition ( unpat5tability ( a     
propos$ am5d$ claim by a prepond]ance ( 
! evid5ce4  4  7d7 ,/&+ ,section #caa ( 
title #ce1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 is am5d$
 by add+ at ! end ! foll[+3  7d7 ,p]sons
 t may petition  7#a7 ,def9ition ,9 ?is 
subsection1 ! t]m *>g$ ) infr+em5t means
 a real & sub/antial controv]sy reg>d+  
infr+em5t ( a pat5t exi/s su* t !       
petition] w\ld h /&+ to br+ a decl>atory
 judgm5t action 9 ,f$]al c\rt4  7#b7    

,necess>y conditions ,a p]son may n file
 ) ! ,(fice a petition to in/itute an   
int] p>tes review ( a pat5t unless !    
p]son1 or a real p>ty 9 int]e/ or privy 
( ! p]son1 has be5--  7,a7 su$ =        
infr+em5t ( ! pat5t2 or  7,b7 *>g$ )    
infr+em5t "u ! pat5t4  4  7e7 ,discov]y 
( real p>ty 9 int]e/ ,section           
#caf7;a77#e7 ( title #ce1 ,unit$ ,/ates 
,code1 is am5d$ to read z foll[s3  7#e7 
sett+ =? /&>ds & proc$ures = discov]y ( 
relevant evid5ce1 includ+ t su* discov]y
 %all be limit$ to--  7,a7 ! deposition 
( witnesses submitt+ affidavits or      
decl>ations2  7,b7 evid5ce id5tify+ !   
petition]'s real p>ties 9 int]e/2 &     
7,c7 :at is o!rwise necess>y 9 ! int]e/ 
( ju/ice2  4  7f7 ,evid5ce support+     
prelim9>y response ,section #cac ( title
 #ce1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 is am5d$--   
7#a7 by /rik+ ,if an & ins]t+ ! foll[+3 
7a7 ,9 g5]al ,if an  2 &  7#b7 by add+  
at ! end ! foll[+3  7b7 ,support+       
evid5ce ,9 fil+ a prelim9>y response "u 
subsection 7a71 ! pat5t own] may pres5t 

any support+ evid5ce t ! petition] is   
p]mitt$ to pres5t "u section            
#cab7;a77#c74  7c7 ,reply & surreply ,if
 ! ,pat5t ,trial & ,appeal ,bo>d p]mits 
! petition] to submit a reply to a      
prelim9>y response fil$ "u subsection   
7a7 & ! petition] pres5ts additional    
evid5ce 9 t reply1 ! pat5t own] may     
submit a brief surreply1 :i* %all be    
limit$ to address+ ! additional evid5ce1
 includ+ ) appropriate rebuttal evid5ce4
  4  7g7 ,coord9ation ( proce$+s        
,section #cad7;a7 ( title #ce1 ,unit$   
,/ates ,code1 is am5d$-- 7#a7 by /rik+  
,?re%old4--,! ,director & ins]t+ !      
foll[+3  ,requirem5ts = au?orization by 
,director4-- 7#a7 ,?re%old ,! ,director 
2 &  7#b7 by add+ at ! end ! foll[+3    
7#b7 ,pat5ts t are subjects ( o!r       
proce$+s ,! ,director may n in/itute an 
int] p>tes review ( a pat5t :ile ! pat5t
 is ! subject ( a--  7,a7 reissue       
proce$+ "u *apt] #be2 or  7,b7          
reexam9ation proce$+ "u *apt] #cj4  4   
#ajc4 ,po/-grant review  7a7 ,claim     

con/ruction ,section #cbf7;a7 ( title   
#ce1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 is am5d$--    
7#a7 9 p>agraph 7#aa71 by /rik+ 2 & &   
ins]t+ a semicolon2  7#b7 9 p>agraph    
7#ab71 by /rik+ ! p]iod at ! end &      
ins]t+ 2 &2 &  7#c7 by add+ at ! end !  
foll[+3  7#ac7 provid+ t = all purposes 
"u ?is *apt]-- 7,a7 ea* claim ( a pat5t 
%all be con/ru$ z ! claim w\ld be       
con/ru$ "u section #bhb7;b7 9 an action 
to invalidate a pat5t1 includ+ by       
con/ru+ ea* claim ( ! pat5t 9 accordance
 )--  7i7 ! ord9>y & cu/om>y mean+ ( !  
claim z und]/ood by a p]son hav+ ord9>y 
skill 9 ! art to :i* ! claim$ inv5tion  
p]ta9s2 &  7ii7 ! prosecution hi/ory    
p]ta9+ to ! pat5t2 &  7,b7 if a c\rt has
 previ\sly con/ru$ a claim ( a pat5t or 
a claim t]m 9 a civil action to :i* !   
pat5t own] 0 a p>ty1 ! ,(fice %all      
consid] t claim con/ruction4  4  7b7    
,am5dm5t ( claims ,section #cbf7;d7 (   
title #ce1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 is am5d$
 to read z foll[s3  7d7 ,am5dm5t ( !    
pat5t  7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,dur+ a po/-grant  

review in/itut$ "u ?is *apt]1 ! pat5t   
own] may move to am5d ! pat5t 9 #a or m 
( ! foll[+ ways3  7,a7 ,cancel any      
*all5g$ pat5t claim4  7,b7 ,= ea*       
*all5g$ claim1 propose a reasonable     
numb] ( sub/itute claims4  7#b7 ,initial
 am5dm5t ,if ! pat5t own] has n am5d$ ! 
pat5t "u ?is subsection1 a motion to    
am5d fil$ by ! pat5t own] %all be grant$
 if ! propos$ numb] ( sub/itute claims  
is reasonable4  7#c7 ,additional        
am5dm5ts  7,a7 ,p]mission to file       
motions ,if ! pat5t own] has am5d$ !    
pat5t "u ?is subsection1 additional     
motions to am5d may be p]mitt$ ^u--  7i7
 ! jo9t reque/ ( ! petition] & ! pat5t  
own] to mat]ially advance ! settlem5t ( 
a proce$+ "u section #cbg2 or  7ii7 !   
reque/ ( ! pat5t own] = good cause %[n4 
7,b7 ,discretion to grant motions ,!    
,pat5t ,trial & ,appeal ,bo>d %all      
det]m9e1 9 its discretion1 :e!r to grant
 or d5y a motion fil$ "u ?is p>agraph4  
7#d7 ,scope ( claims ,an am5dm5t to a   
pat5t "u ?is subsection may n enl>ge !  

scope ( ! claims ( ! pat5t or introduce 
new matt]4  4  7c7 ,burd5 ( pro(        
,section #cbf7;e7 ( title #ce1 ,unit$   
,/ates ,code1 is am5d$ to read z foll[s3
  7e7 ,evid5ti>y /&>ds  7#a7            
,presumption ( validity ,! presumption (
 validity "u section #bhb7;a7 %all apply
 to a previ\sly issu$ claim t is *all5g$
 dur+ a proce$+ "u ?is *apt]4  7#b7     
,burd5s ( pro( ,9 a po/-grant review    
in/itut$ "u ?is *apt]1 ! petition] %all 
h ! burd5 ( prov+--  7,a7 a proposition 
( unpat5tability ( a previ\sly issue    
claim by cle> & conv9c+ evid5ce2 &  7,b7
 a proposition ( unpat5tability ( a     
propos$ am5d$ claim by a prepond]ance ( 
! evid5ce4  4  7d7 ,/&+ ,section #cba ( 
title #ce1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 is am5d$
 by add+ at ! end ! foll[+3  7d7 ,p]sons
 t may petition  7#a7 ,def9ition ,9 ?is 
subsection1 ! t]m *>g$ ) infr+em5t means
 a real & sub/antial controv]sy reg>d+  
infr+em5t ( a pat5t exi/s su* t !       
petition] w\ld h /&+ to br+ a decl>atory
 judgm5t action 9 ,f$]al c\rt4  7#b7    

,necess>y conditions ,a p]son may n file
 ) ! ,(fice a petition to in/itute a    
po/-grant review ( ! pat5t unless !     
p]son1 or a real p>ty 9 int]e/ or privy 
( ! p]son1 demon/rates--  7,a7 a        
reasonable possibility ( be+-- 7i7 su$ =
 infr+em5t ( ! pat5t2 or  7ii7 *>g$ )   
infr+em5t "u ! pat5t2 or  7,b7 a        
competitive h>m relat$ to ! validity ( !
 pat5t4  4  7e7 ,discov]y ( real p>ty 9 
int]e/ ,section #cbf7;a77#e7 ( title    
#ce1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 is am5d$ to   
read z foll[s3  7#e7 sett+ =? /&>ds &   
proc$ures = discov]y ( relevant evid5ce1
 includ+ t su* discov]y %all be limit$  
to--  7,a7 ! deposition ( witnesses     
submitt+ affidavits or decl>ations2 &   
7,b7 evid5ce id5tify+ ! petition]'s real
 p>ties 9 int]e/4  4  7f7 ,evid5ce      
support+ prelim9>y response ,section    
#cbc ( title #ce1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1  
is am5d$-- 7#a7 by /rik+ ,if a & ins]t+ 
! foll[+3  7a7 ,9 g5]al ,if a  2 &  7#b7
 by add+ at ! end ! foll[+3  7b7        
,support+ evid5ce ,9 fil+ a prelim9>y   

response "u subsection 7a71 ! pat5t own]
 may pres5t any support+ evid5ce t !    
petition] is au?oriz$ to pres5t "u      
section #cbb7;a77#c74  7c7 ,reply &     
surreply ,if ! ,pat5t ,trial & ,appeal  
,bo>d p]mits ! petition] to submit a    
reply to a prelim9>y response fil$ "u   
subsection 7a7 & ! petition] pres5ts    
additional evid5ce 9 t reply1 ! pat5t   
own] may submit a brief surreply1 :i*   
%all be limit$ to address+ t evid5ce1   
includ+ ) appropriate rebuttal evid5ce4 
4  7g7 ,coord9ation ( proce$+s ,section 
#cbd7;a7 ( title #ce1 ,unit$ ,/ates     
,code1 is am5d$-- 7#a7 by /rik+         
,?re%old4--,! ,director & ins]t+ !      
foll[+3  ,requirem5ts = au?orization by 
! ,director4-- 7#a7 ,?re%old ,!         
,director  2 &  7#b7 by add+ at ! end ! 
foll[+3  7#b7 ,pat5ts t are subjects (  
o!r proce$+s ,! ,director may n in/itute
 a po/-grant review ( a pat5t :ile !    
pat5t is ! subject ( a--  7,a7 reissue  
proce$+ "u *apt] #be2 or  7,b7          
reexam9ation proce$+ "u *apt] #cj4  4   

#ajd4 ,composition ( po/-grant review & 
int] p>tes review panels ,section #f7;c7
 ( title #ce1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 is   
am5d$ to read z foll[s3  7c7 #c-,memb]  
panels  7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,ea* appeal1      
d]ivation proce$+1 po/-grant review1 &  
int] p>tes review %all be he>d by at    
lea/ #c memb]s ( ! ,pat5t ,trial &      
,appeal ,bo>d1 :o %all be designat$ by !
 ,director4  7#b7 ,ineligibility to he> 
review ,a memb] ( ! ,pat5t ,trial &     
,appeal ,bo>d :o p>ticipates 9 !        
decision to in/itute a po/-grant review 
or an int] p>tes review ( a pat5t %all  
be ineligible to he> ! review4  7#c7    
,rehe>+s ,only ! ,pat5t ,trial & ,appeal
 ,bo>d may grant rehe>+s4  4  #aje4     
,reexam9ation ( pat5ts  7a7 ,reque/ =   
reexam9ation ,section #cjb ( title #ce1 
,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 is am5d$ to read z 
foll[s3  #cjb4 ,reque/ = reexam9ation   
,any p]son at any "t may file a reque/ =
 reexam9ation by ! ,(fice ( any claim ( 
a pat5t on ! basis ( any prior art cit$ 
"u ! provisions ( section #cja4 ,!      

reque/ mu/ be 9 writ+ & mu/ be          
accompani$ by paym5t ( a reexam9ation   
fee e/abli%$ by ! ,director pursuant to 
! provisions ( section #da4 ,! reque/   
mu/ id5tify all real p>ties 9 int]e/ &  
c]tify t reexam9ation is n b>r$ "u      
section #cjc7;d74 ,! reque/ mu/ set =? !
 p]t95cy & mann] ( apply+ cit$ prior art
 to e claim = :i* reexam9ation is       
reque/$4 ,unless ! reque/+ p]son is !   
own] ( ! pat5t1 ! ,director promptly w  
s5d a copy ( ! reque/ to ! own] ( record
 ( ! pat5t4  4  7b7 ,reexam9ation b>r$  
by civil action ,section #cjc ( title   
#ce1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 is am5d$ by   
add+ at ! end ! foll[+3  7d7 ,an ex p>te
 reexam9ation may n be in/itut$ if !    
reque/ = reexam9ation is fil$ m ?an #a  
ye> aft] ! date on :i* ! reque/] or a   
real p>ty 9 int]e/ or privy ( ! reque/] 
is s]v$ ) a compla9t alleg+ infr+em5t ( 
! pat5t4  4  #ajf4 ,elim9ation ( ,=m #ah
 ,effective #a ye> aft] ! date (        
enactm5t ( ?is ,act1 ! ,supreme ,c\rt1  
us+ exi/+ res\rces1 %all elim9ate ,=m   

#ah 9 ! ,app5dix to ! ,f$]al ,rules (   
,civil ,proc$ure 7relat+ to ,compla9t = 
,pat5t ,infr+em5t71 if ,=m #ah rema9s 9 
exi/5ce at t "t4  #ajg4 ,elim9ation (   
,,uspto fee div]sion  7a7 ,fund+        
,section #db ( title #ce1 ,unit$ ,/ates 
,code1 is am5d$-- 7#a7 9 subsection 7b71
 by /rik+ ,pat5t & ,tradem>k ,(fice     
,appropriation ,acc\nt & ins]t+ ,unit$  
,/ates ,pat5t & ,tradem>k ,(fice        
,innovation ,promotion ,fund2  7#b7 9   
subsection 7c7-- 7,a7 9 p>agraph 7#a7-- 
7i7 by /rik+ ,to ! ext5t & all t foll[s 
?r\gh fees & ins]t+ ,fees2 &  7ii7 by   
/rik+ %all be collect$ by & %all1       
subject to p>agraph 7#b71 be available  
to ! ,director & ins]t+ %all be collect$
 by ! ,director & %all be available to !
 ,director until exp5d$2  7,b7 by /rik+ 
p>agraph 7#b72 &  7,c7 by r$esignat+    
p>agraph 7#c7 z p>agraph 7#b72  7#c7 by 
r$esignat+ subsections 7d7 & 7e7 z      
subsections 7e7 & 7f71 respectively2    
7#d7 by ins]t+ aft] subsection 7c7 !    
foll[+3  7d7 ,revolv+ fund  7#a7        

,def9itions ,9 ?is subsection-- 7,a7 !  
t]m ,fund means ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,pat5t &
 ,tradem>k ,(fice ,innovation ,promotion
 ,fund e/abli%$ "u p>agraph 7#b72 &     
7,b7 ! t]m ,tradem>k ,act ( #aidf means 
! ,act entitl$ ,an ,act to provide = !  
regi/ration & protection ( tradem>ks us$
 9 comm]ce1 to c>ry out ! provisions (  
c]ta9 int]national conv5tions1 & = o!r  
purposes1 approv$ ,july #e1 #aidf 7#ae  
,u4,s4,c4 #ajea et seq47 7commonly      
ref]r$ to z ! ,tradem>k ,act ( #aidf or 
! ,lanham ,act74  7#b7 ,e/abli%m5t ,!re 
is e/abli%$ 9 ! ,treasury a revolv+ fund
 to be kn[n z ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,pat5t &  
,tradem>k ,(fice ,innovation ,promotion 
,fund4  7#c7 ,d]ivation ( res\rces ,!re 
%all be deposit$ into ! ,fund any fees  
collect$ "u--  7,a7 ?is title2 or  7,b7 
! ,tradem>k ,act ( #aidf4  7#d7 ,exp5ses
 ,am\nts deposit$ into ! ,fund "u       
p>agraph 7#c7 %all be available1 )\t    
fiscal ye> limitation1 to cov]--  7,a7  
all exp5ses to ! ext5t consi/5t ) !     
limitation on ! use ( fees set =? 9     

subsection 7c71 includ+ all adm9i/rative
 & op]at+ exp5ses1 det]m9$ 9 !          
discretion ( ! ,director to be ord9>y & 
reasonable1 incurr$ by ! ,director = !  
cont9u$ op]ation ( all s]vices1         
programs1 activities1 & duties ( !      
,(fice relat+ to pat5ts & tradem>ks1 z  
su* s]vices1 programs1 activities1 &    
duties are describ$ "u--  7i7 ?is title2
 &  7ii7 ! ,tradem>k ,act ( #aidf2 &    
7,b7 all exp5ses incurr$ pursuant to any
 obligation1 repres5tation1 or o!r      
commitm5t ( ! ,(fice4  2  7#e7 9        
subsection 7e71 z r$esignat$1 by /rik+  
,! ,director & ins]t+ ,refunds4--,!     
,director2 &  7#f7 9 subsection 7f71 z  
r$esignat$1 by /rik+ ,! ,secret>y &     
ins]t+ ,report4--,! ,secret>y4  7b7     
,effective date2 transf] f & t]m9ation (
 obsolete funds  7#a7 ,effective date ,!
 am5dm5ts made by subsection 7a7 %all   
take effect on ! fir/ day ( ! fir/      
fiscal ye> t beg9s on or aft] ! date (  
enactm5t ( ?is ,act4  7#b7 ,rema9+      
balances ,!re %all be deposit$ 9 !      

,fund1 on ! effective date describ$ 9   
p>agraph 7#a71 any available unobligat$ 
balances rema9+ 9 ! ,pat5t & ,tradem>k  
,(fice ,appropriation ,acc\nt1 & 9 !    
,pat5t & ,tradem>k ,fee ,res]ve ,fund   
e/abli%$ "u section #db7;c77#b7 ( title 
#ce1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 z 9 effect on 
! date be=e ! effective date4  7#c7     
,t]m9ation ( ,res]ve ,fund ,^u ! paym5t 
( all obligat$ am\nts 9 ! ,pat5t &      
,tradem>k ,fee ,res]ve ,fund "u p>agraph
 7#b71 ! ,pat5t & ,tradem>k ,fee ,res]ve
 ,fund %all be t]m9at$4  #ajh4 ,willful 
infr+em5t ,section #bhd ( title #ce1    
,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 is am5d$ to read z 
foll[s3  #bhd4 ,damages  7a7 ,^u f9d+ = 
! claimant ! c\rt %all aw>d ! claimant  
damages adequate to comp5sate = !       
infr+em5t1 b 9 no ev5t less ?an a       
reasonable royalty = ! use made ( !     
inv5tion by ! infr+]1 toge!r ) int]e/ & 
co/s z fix$ by ! c\rt4 ,:5 ! damages are
 n f\nd by a jury1 ! c\rt %all assess   
!m4  7b7 ,9 ei!r ev5t ! c\rt may ex]cise
 its discretion to increase ! damages up

 to #c times ! am\nt f\nd or assess$ ^u 
det]m9+1 by a prepond]ance ( ! evid5ce1 
t ! infr+em5t 0 willful or 9 bad fai?4  
7c7 ,increas$ damages "u ?is section    
%all n apply to provisional rights "u   
section #aed7;d74  4  #aji4 ,divid$     
infr+em5t ,section #bga ( title #ce1    
,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 is am5d$ by add+ at
 ! end ! foll[+3  7j7 ,= a f9d+ (       
liability = actively induc+ infr+em5t ( 
a process pat5t "u subsection 7b71 or = 
contributory infr+em5t ( a process pat5t
 "u subsection 7c71 x %all n be a       
requirem5t t ! /eps ( ! pat5t$ process  
be practic$ by a s+le entity4  4  #aaj4 
,in/itutions ( high] education ,section 
#abc7;d7 ( title #ce1 ,unit$ ,/ates     
,code1 is am5d$ to read z foll[s3  7d7  
,in/itutions ( high] education ,=       
purposes ( ?is section1 a micro entity  
%all include an applicant :o c]tifies   
t--  7#a7 ! applicant's employ]1 f :i* !
 applicant obta9s ! majority ( !        
applicant's income1 is an in/itution (  
high] education z def9$ 9 section       

#aja7;a7 ( ! ,high] ,education ,act (   
#aife 7#bj ,u4,s4,c4 #ajja7;a772  7#b7 !
 applicant has assign$1 grant$1 convey$1
 or is "u an obligation by contract or  
law1 to assign1 grant1 or convey1 a     
lic5se or o!r own]%ip int]e/ 9 !        
p>ticul> applications to su* an         
in/itution ( high] education2  7#c7 !   
applicant is an in/itution ( high]      
education z def9$ 9 section #aja7;a7 ( !
 ,high] ,education ,act ( #aife 7#bj    
,u4,s4,c4 #ajja7;a772 or  7#d7 !        
applicant is an organization describ$ 9 
section #eja7;c77#c7 ( ! ,int]nal       
,rev5ue ,code ( #aihf & exempt f        
taxation "u section #eja7;a7 ( su* ,code
 t holds title to pat5ts & pat5t        
applications on behalf ( su* an         
in/itution ( high] education = ! purpose
 ( facilitat+ comm]cialization ( !      
te*nologies ( ! pat5ts & pat5t          
applications4  4  #aaa4 ,assi/+ small   
bus9esses 9 ! ,u4,s4 pat5t sy/em  7a7   
,def9ition ,9 ?is section1 ! t]m small  
bus9ess conc]n has ! mean+ giv5 ! t]m 9 

section #c ( ! ,small ,bus9ess ,act 7#ae
 ,u4,s4,c4 #fcb74  7b7 ,small ,bus9ess  
,adm9i/ration report ,n lat] ?an #a ye> 
aft] ! date ( enactm5t ( ?is ,act1 !    
,small ,bus9ess ,adm9i/ration1 us+ exi/+
 res\rces1 %all submit to ! ,committee  
on ,small ,bus9ess & ,entrepr5eur%ip ( !
 ,s5ate & ! ,committee on ,small        
,bus9ess ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives a  
report analyz+ ! impact (--  7#a7 pat5t 
own]%ip by small bus9ess conc]ns2 &     
7#b7 civil actions aga9/ small bus9ess  
conc]ns aris+ "u title #ce1 ,unit$      
,/ates ,code1 relat+ to pat5t infr+em5t4
  7c7 ,expansion ( pat5t pilot program 9
 c]ta9 di/rict c\rts  7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,n  
lat] ?an #f mon?s aft] ! date ( enactm5t
 ( ?is ,act1 ! ,director ( !            
,adm9i/rative ,(fice ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates  
,c\rts %all designate n few] ?an #f ( ! 
di/rict c\rts ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates t are   
p>ticipat+ 9 ! pat5t cases pilot program
 e/abli%$ "u section #a ( ,public ,law  
#aaa-cdi 7#bh ,u4,s4,c4 #acg note7 = !  
purpose ( exp&+ t program to address    

special issues rais$ 9 pat5t infr+em5t  
suits aga9/ individuals or small bus9ess
 conc]ns4  7#b7 ,proc$ures = small      
bus9esses ,n lat] ?an #b ye>s aft] !    
date ( enactm5t ( ?is ,act1 ea* di/rict 
c\rt designat$ "u p>agraph 7#a7 %all    
develop proc$ures = exp$it+ cases 9 :i* 
an individual or small bus9ess conc]n is
 accus$ ( pat5t infr+em5t4  7#c7        
,p>ticipat+ judges  7,a7 ,9 g5]al ,9 ea*
 di/rict c\rt designat$ "u p>agraph     
7#a71 ea* di/rict c\rt judge p>ticipat+ 
9 ! pat5t cases pilot program e/abli%$  
"u section #a ( ,public ,law #aaa-cdi   
may appo9t #a additional law cl]k or    
secret>y 9 excess ( any o!r limitation  
on ! numb] ( su* employees4  7,b7       
,education & tra9+ ,! ,f$]al ,judicial  
,c5t]1 us+ exi/+ res\rces1 %all prep>e  
educational & tra9+ mat]ials to assi/   
di/rict c\rt judges describ$ 9          
subp>agraph 7,a7 9 develop+ exp]tise 9  
pat5t & plant v>iety protection cases4  
7#d7 ,funds ,!re are au?oriz$ to be     
appropriat$ su* sums z may be necess>y  

to c>ry out p>agraph 7#c77;,a74  7d7    
,free onl9e availability ( public se>*  
facility mat]ials ,section #da7;i7 (    
title #ce1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 is am5d$
 by add+ at ! end ! foll[+3  7#e7 ,free 
onl9e availability ( public se>*        
facility mat]ials ,! ,director %all make
 available onl9e & at no *>ge all pat5t 
& tradem>k in=mation t is available at !
 ,public ,se>* ,facility ( ! ,(fice     
locat$ 9 ,alex&ria1 ,virg9ia1 includ+-- 
7,a7 se>* tools & databases2  7,b7      
in=mational mat]ials2 &  7,c7 tra9+     
classes & mat]ials4  4  ,,ii ,t>get+    
,rogue & ,opaque ,lett]s  #bja4         
,def9itions ,9 ?is title3  7#a7 ,bad    
fai? ,! t]m bad fai? means1 ) respect to
 section #bjb7;a71 t ! s5d]-- 7,a7 made 
kn[+ly false or kn[+ly mislead+         
/atem5ts1 repres5tations1 or omissions2 
7,b7 made /atem5ts1 repres5tations1 or  
omissions ) reckless indiff]5ce z to !  
false or mislead+ nature ( su* /atem5ts1
 repres5tations1 or omissions2 or  7,c7 
made /atem5ts1 repres5tations1 or       

omissions ) aw>5ess ( ! high probability
 ( ! /atem5ts1 repres5tations1 or       
omissions to deceive & ! s5d]           
int5tionally avoid$ ! tru?4  7#b7       
,commission ,! t]m ,commission means !  
,f$]al ,trade ,commission4  7#c7 ,f9al  
det]m9ation ,! t]m f9al det]m9ation     
means1 ) respect to ! invalidity or     
un5=ceability ( a pat5t1 t ! invalidity 
or un5=ceability has be5 det]m9$ by a   
c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates or ! ,unit$      
,/ates ,pat5t & ,tradem>k ,(fice 9 a    
f9al decision t is unappealable or = :i*
 any opportunity = appeal is no long]   
available4  #bjb4 ,unfair or deceptive  
acts or practices 9 connection ) !      
ass]tion ( a ,unit$ ,/ates pat5t  7a7 ,9
 g5]al ,x %all be an unfair or deceptive
 act or practice )9 ! mean+ ( section   
#e7;a77#a7 ( ! ,f$]al ,trade ,commission
 ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #de7;a77#a77 = a   
p]son1 9 connection ) ! ass]tion ( a    
,unit$ ,/ates pat5t1 to engage 9 a      
patt]n or practice ( s5d+ writt5        
communications t /ate or repres5t t !   

recipi5ts are or may be infr++1 or h or 
may h infr+$1 ! pat5t & be> liability or
 owe comp5sation to ano!r1 if--  7#a7 ! 
s5d] ( ! communications1 9 bad fai?1    
/ates or repres5ts 9 ! communications   
t-- 7,a7 ! s5d] is a p]son ) ! "r to    
lic5se or en=ce ! pat5t at ! "t !       
communications are s5t1 & ! s5d] is n a 
p]son ) su* a "r2  7,b7 a civil action  
ass]t+ a claim ( infr+em5t ( ! pat5t has
 be5 fil$ aga9/ ! recipi5t2  7,c7 a     
civil action ass]t+ a claim ( infr+em5t 
( ! pat5t has be5 fil$ aga9/ o!r p]sons2
  7,d7 legal action = infr+em5t ( !     
pat5t w be tak5 aga9/ ! recipi5t2  7,e7 
! s5d] is ! exclusive lic5see ( ! pat5t 
ass]t$ 9 ! communications2  7,f7 p]sons 
o!r ?an ! recipi5t pur*as$ a lic5se = ! 
pat5t ass]t$ 9 ! communications2  7,g7  
p]sons o!r ?an ! recipi5t pur*as$ a     
lic5se1 & ! s5d] does n disclose t su*  
lic5se is unrelat$ to ! alleg$ infr+em5t
 or ! pat5t ass]t$ 9 ! communications2  
7,h7 an inve/igation ( ! recipi5t's     
alleg$ infr+em5t occurr$2 or  7,i7 !    

s5d] or an affiliate ( ! s5d] previ\sly 
fil$ a civil action ass]t+ a claim (    
infr+em5t ( ! pat5t bas$ on ! activity t
 is ! subject ( ! writt5 communication  
:5 ! s5d] knew su* activity 0 held1 9 a 
f9al det]m9ation1 n to infr+e ! pat5t2  
7#b7 ! s5d] ( ! communications1 9 bad   
fai?1 seeks comp5sation =-- 7,a7 a pat5t
 claim t has be5 held to be un5=ceable  
due to inequitable conduct1 invalid1 or 
o!rwise un5=ceable aga9/ ! recipi5t1 9 a
 f9al det]m9ation2  7,b7 activities     
und]tak5 by ! recipi5t aft] expiration (
 ! pat5t ass]t$ 9 ! communications2 or  
7,c7 activity ( ! recipi5t t ! s5d] knew
 0 au?oriz$1 ) respect to ! pat5t claim 
or claims t are ! subject ( !           
communications1 by a p]son ) ! "r to    
lic5se ! pat5t2 or  7#c7 ! s5d] ( !     
communications1 9 bad fai?1 fails to    
include-- 7,a7 ! id5tity ( ! p]son      
ass]t+ a "r to lic5se ! pat5t to1 or    
en=ce ! pat5t aga9/1 ! recipi5t1 includ+
 ! id5tity ( any p>5t entity & !        
ultimate p>5t entity ( su* p]son1 unless

 su* p]son is a public company & ! "n ( 
! public company is id5tifi$2  7,b7 an  
id5tification ( at lea/ "o pat5t issu$  
by ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,pat5t & ,tradem>k   
,(fice alleg$ to h be5 infr+$2  7,c7 an 
id5tification1 to ! ext5t reasonable "u 
! circum/ances1 ( at lea/ "o product1   
s]vice1 or o!r activity ( ! recipi5t t  
is alleg$ to infr+e ! id5tifi$ pat5t2   
7,d7 a description1 to ! ext5t          
reasonable "u ! circum/ances1 ( h[ !    
product1 s]vice1 or o!r activity ( !    
recipi5t infr+es an id5tifi$ pat5t &    
pat5t claim2 or  7,e7 a "n & contact    
in=mation = a p]son ! recipi5t may      
contact ab\t ! ass]tions or claims      
relat+ to ! pat5t conta9$ 9 !           
communications4  7b7 ,affirmative def5se
 ,) respect to subsection 7a71 !re %all 
be an affirmative def5se t /atem5ts1    
repres5tations1 or omissions 7 n made 9 
bad fai? 7z def9$ 9 subp>agraphs 7,b7 & 
7,c7 ( section #bja7a77 if ! s5d] c     
demon/rate t su* /atem5ts1              
repres5tations1 or omissions 7 mi/akes  

made 9 good fai?4 ,evid5ce t ! s5d] 9 ! 
usual c\rse ( bus9ess s5ds writt5       
communications t d n violate !          
provisions ( ?is title %all be suffici5t
 to demon/rate good fai?4 ,good fai? may
 also be demon/rat$ by o!r evid5ce4  7c7
 ,rule ( con/ruction ,= purposes (      
sections #bjc & #bjd1 ! commission ( an 
act or practice t is decl>$ "u ?is      
section to be an unfair or deceptive act
 or practice )9 ! mean+ ( section       
#e7;a77#a7 ( ! ,f$]al ,trade ,commission
 ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #de7;a77#a77 %all  
be consid]$ to be a violation ( ?is     
section4  #bjc4 ,en=cem5t by ,f$]al     
,trade ,commission  7a7 ,violation (    
rule ,a violation ( section #bjb %all be
 treat$ z a violation ( a rule def9+ an 
unfair or deceptive act or practice     
prescrib$ "u section #ah7;a77#a77;,b7 ( 
! ,f$]al ,trade ,commission ,act 7#ae   
,u4,s4,c4 #eg;a7a77#a77;,b774  7b7 ,p[]s
 ( ,commission ,! ,commission %all en=ce
 ?is title 9 ! same mann]1 by ! same    
means1 & ) ! same jurisdiction1 p[]s1 & 

duties z ?\gh all applicable t]ms &     
provisions ( ! ,f$]al ,trade ,commission
 ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #da et seq47 7     
incorporat$ into & made a "p ( ?is      
title4 ,any p]son :o violates section   
#bjb %all be subject to ! p5alties &    
entitl$ to ! privileges & immunities    
provid$ 9 ! ,f$]al ,trade ,commission   
,act4  7c7 ,effect on o!r laws ,no?+ 9  
?is title %all be con/ru$ 9 any way to  
limit or affect ! au?ority ( !          
,commission "u any o!r provision ( law4 
#bjd4 ,preemption ( ,/ate laws on pat5t 
dem& lett]s & en=cem5t by ,/ate         
attorneys g5]al  7a7 ,preemption  7#a7  
,9 g5]al ,?is title preempts any law1   
rule1 regulation1 requirem5t1 /&>d1 or  
o!r provision hav+ ! =ce & effect ( law 
( any ,/ate1 or political subdivision ( 
a ,/ate1 expressly relat+ to !          
transmission or cont5ts ( communications
 relat+ to ! ass]tion ( pat5t rights4   
7#b7 ,effect on o!r ,/ate laws ,except z
 provid$ 9 p>agraph 7#a71 ?is title %all
 n be con/ru$ to preempt or limit any   

provision ( any ,/ate law1 includ+ any  
,/ate consum] protection law1 any ,/ate 
law relat+ to acts ( fraud or deception1
 & any ,/ate trespass1 contract1 or tort
 law4  7b7 ,en=cem5t by ,/ate attorneys 
g5]al  7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,9 any case 9 :i* !
 attorney g5]al ( a ,/ate has reason to 
believe t an int]e/ ( ! resid5ts ( t    
,/ate has be5 adv]sely affect$ by any   
p]son :o violates section #bjb1 !       
attorney g5]al ( ! ,/ate1 may br+ a     
civil action on behalf ( su* resid5ts ( 
! ,/ate 9 a di/rict c\rt ( ! ,unit$     
,/ates ( appropriate jurisdiction--     
7,a7 to enjo9 fur!r su* violation by !  
def5dant2 or  7,b7 to obta9 civil       
p5alties on behalf ( recipi5ts :o suff]$
 actual damages z a result ( su*        
violation4  7#b7 ,maximum civil p5alty  
,not)/&+ ! numb] ( actions :i* may be   
br\ght aga9/ a p]son "u ?is subsection1 
a p]son may n be liable = a total ( m   
?an #e1jjj1jjj = a s]ies ( relat$       
violations ( section #bjb4  7#c7        
,int]v5tion by ! ,,ftc  7,a7 ,notice &  

int]v5tion ,! attorney g5]al ( a ,/ate  
%all provide prior writt5 notice ( any  
action "u p>agraph 7#a7 to ! ,commission
 & provide ! ,commission ) a copy ( !   
compla9t 9 ! action1 except 9 any case 9
 :i* su* prior notice is n feasible1 9  
:i* case ! attorney g5]al %all s]ve su* 
notice imm$iately ^u in/itut+ su*       
action4 ,! ,commission %all h ! "r--    
7i7 to int]v5e 9 ! action2  7ii7 ^u s   
int]v5+1 to be he>d on all matt]s aris+ 
!re92 &  7iii7 to file petitions =      
appeal4  7,b7 ,limitation on ,/ate      
action :ile ,f$]al action is p5d+ ,if ! 
,commission has in/itut$ a civil action 
= violation ( section #bjb1 no ,/ate    
attorney g5]al may br+ an action "u ?is 
subsection dur+ ! p5d5cy ( t action     
aga9/ any def5dant nam$ 9 ! compla9t ( !
 ,commission = any violation ( su*      
section alleg$ 9 ! compla9t4  7#d7      
,con/ruction ,= purposes ( br++ any     
civil action "u p>agraph 7#a71 no?+ 9   
?is title %all be con/ru$ to prev5t !   
attorney g5]al ( a ,/ate f ex]cis+ !    

p[]s conf]r$ on ! attorney g5]al by !   
laws ( t ,/ate to--  7,a7 conduct       
inve/igations2  7,b7 adm9i/] oa?s or    
affirmations2 or  7,c7 compel !         
att5dance ( witnesses or ! production ( 
docum5t>y & o!r evid5ce4