,,ii  #aad? ,,congress  #a/ ,session    
,s4 #bche  ,,9 ,,! ,,s5ate ,,( ,,!      
,,unit$ ,,/ates  ,decemb] #aj1 #bjae    
,mr4 ,coons 7= himself & ,mr4 ,flake7   
introduc$ ! foll[+ bill2 :i* 0 read     
twice & ref]r$ to ! ,committee on ,=eign
 ,relations  ,a ,,bill  ,to /r5g!n      
protections = ! rema9+ populations (    
wild elephants1 rh9oc]oses1 & o!r       
imp]il$ species ?r\gh c\ntry-specific   
anti-poa*+ ef=ts & anti-traffick+       
/rategies1 to promote ! value ( wildlife
 & natural res\rces1 to curtail ! dem& =
 illegal wildlife products 9 consum]    
c\ntries1 & = o!r purposes4  #a4 ,%ort  
title2 table ( cont5ts  7a7 ,%ort title 
,?is ,act may be cit$ z ! ,elim9ate1    
,neutralize1 & ,disrupt ,wildlife       
,traffick+ ,act4  7b7 ,table ( cont5ts  
,! table ( cont5ts = ?is ,act is z      
foll[s3 ,sec4 #a4 ,%ort title2 table (  
cont5ts4 ,sec4 #b4 ,def9itions4 ,sec4   
#c4 ,f9d+s4 ,,title ,i--,purpose &      
policy ,sec4 #aja4 ,purpose4 ,sec4 #ajb4
 ,/atem5t ( ,unit$ ,/ates policy4       

,,title ,,ii--,framework = int]ag5cy    
response ,sec4 #bja4 ,presid5tial ,task 
,=ce on ,wildlife ,traffick+4 ,,title   
,,iii--,programs to address ! escalat+  
wildlife traffick+ crisis ,sec4 #cja4   
,anti-poa*+ programs4 ,sec4 #cjb4       
,anti-traffick+ programs4 ,sec4 #cjc4   
,dem& r$uction agreem5ts4 ,sec4 #cjd4   
,engagem5t ( ,unit$ ,/ates diplomatic   
missions4 ,sec4 #cje4 ,int]national     
coop]ation & global p>tn]%ips4 ,sec4    
#cjf4 ,community-bas$ cons]vation4 ,sec4
 #cjg4 ,report on wildlife traffick+    
measures4 ,sec4 #cjh4 ,implem5tation us+
 am\nts previ\sly appropriat$4  #b4     
,def9itions ,9 ?is ,act3  7#a7          
,appropriate congressional committees ,!
 t]m appropriate congressional          
committees means-- 7,a7 ! ,committee on 
,=eign ,relations & ! ,committee on     
,appropriations ( ! ,s5ate2 &  7,b7 !   
,committee on ,=eign ,affairs & !       
,committee on ,appropriations ( ! ,h\se 
( ,repres5tatives4  7#b7 ,co-,*airs ( ! 
,task ,=ce ,! t]m ,co-,*airs ( ! ,task  

,=ce means ! ,secret>y ( ,/ate1 !       
,secret>y ( ! ,int]ior1 & ! ,attorney   
,g5]al1 z e/abli%$ pursuant to          
,executive ,ord] #acfdh 7#gh ,f$4 ,reg4 
#djfba74  7#c7 ,community-bas$          
cons]vation ,! t]m community-bas$       
cons]vation is an approa* to cons]vation
 t recognizes ! rights ( local p to     
su/a9ably own1 manage1 or b5efit        
directly & indirectly f wildlife & o!r  
natural res\rces & includes--  7,a7 giv+
 a res\rce a tangible value t c be      
realiz$ by ! community or l& own]s1     
includ+ ?r\gh p>tn]%ips ) ! private     
sector2  7,b7 devolv+ managem5t &       
gov]nance to local communities to create
 positive conditions = su/a9able res\rce
 use2 &  7,c7 build+ ! capacity (       
communities = cons]vation & natural     
res\rce managem5t4  7#d7 ,c\ntry (      
conc]n ,! t]m c\ntry ( conc]n means a   
c\ntry ! gov]nm5t ( :i*1 or p]sons 9    
:i*1 play a significant role 9 ! supply 
or poa*+ (1 transit 91 or dem& = illegal
 wildlife or wildlife products or _!    

d]ivatives or t obta9s sub/antial rev5ue
 f illegal wildlife traffick+4  7#e7    
,implem5tation ,plan ,! t]m             
,implem5tation ,plan means !            
,implem5tation ,plan = ! ,national      
,/rategy = ,combat+ ,wildlife ,traffick+
 releas$ on ,febru>y #aa1 #bjae1 a      
modification ( t plan1 or a successor   
plan4  7#f7 ,national ,/rategy ,! t]m   
,national ,/rategy means ! ,national    
,/rategy = ,combat+ ,wildlife ,traffick+
 publi%$ on ,febru>y #aa1 #bjad1 a      
modification ( t /rategy1 or a successor
 /rategy4  7#g7 ,national wildlife      
s]vices ,! t]m national wildlife s]vices
 ref]s to ! m9i/ries designat$ to manage
 matt]s p]ta9+ to wildlife managem5t1   
includ+ poa*+1 9 a c\ntry ( conc]n4     
7#h7 ,task ,=ce ,! t]m ,task ,=ce means 
! ,presid5tial ,task ,=ce on ,wildlife  
,traffick+1 z e/abli%$ by ,executive    
,ord] #acfdh 7#gh ,f$4 ,reg4 #djfba7 &  
modifi$ by section #bja4  7#i7 ,wildlife
 crime ,! t]m wildlife crime ref]s to ! 
poa*+ or traffick+ ( illegal wildlife or

 wildlife products4  #c4 ,f9d+s  7a7    
,f9d+s ,congress makes ! foll[+ f9d+s3  
7#a7 ,) a value t may be z high z       
#aj1jjj1jjj1jjj p] ye>1 ! illegal trade 
9 wildlife & wildlife products is "o ( !
 mo/ lucrative crim9al activities       
globally1 dom9at$ by sophi/icat$        
transnational crim9al networks t connect
 poa*]s to high-end m>kets = illegal    
wildlife products & t are l9k$ to o!r   
transnational organiz$ crim9al          
activities1 includ+ traffick+ 9         
n>cotics1 weapons1 & humans4  7#b7 ,!   
poa*+ ( & illegal trade 9 wildlife1     
includ+ elephants & rh9oc]oses1 is      
rapidly escalat+ 9 scale1 sophi/ication1
 & viol5ce1 & !re is evid5ce t illegal  
trade 9 high-value wildlife p>ts1       
includ+ elephant ivory1 is be+ us$ z a  
s\rce ( f9anc+ = crim9al organizations &
 arm$ gr\ps t pose a ?reat to ,unit$    
,/ates economic & security int]e/s 9    
,africa & else:]e1 includ+ t]rori/      
organizations & militias4  7#c7         
,increas+ consum] dem& = rh9oc]os horn &

 elephant ivory1 9 ,asia & else:]e1 has 
caus$ ! prices ( bo? to escalate1 ) !   
price ( rh9oc]os horn rival+ t ( gold or
 h]o9 by weight1 fur!r driv+ ! poa*+ &  
traffick+ ( rh9oc]oses & elephants4     
7#d7 ,9 #bjad1 #a1bae rh9oc]oses 7      
illegally kill$ 9 ,s\? ,africa1 :i*     
repres5ts an increase ( m ?an #i1jjj    
p]c5t s9ce #bjjg4  7#e7 ,two subspecies 
( ,african rh9oc]oses & #a subspecies ( 
,asian rh9oc]os h gone ext9ct s9ce      
#bjje1 & #b ( #c ,asian rh9oc]os species
 h fall5 to critically l[ population    
numb]s4  7#f7 ,data f ! ,monitor+ !     
,illegal ,kill+ ( ,elephants program    
e/abli%$ "u ! ,conv5tion on             
,int]national ,trade 9 ,endang]$        
,species ( ,wild ,fauna & ,flora1 done  
at ,wa%+ton ,m>* #c1 #aigc 7#bg ,,u/    
#ajhg2 ,,tias #hbdi7 7commonly ref]r$ to
 z ,,cites7 & academic /udies indicat$ t
 #ajj1jjj elephants 7 kill$ illegally   
across ! :ole ( ,africa betwe5 #bjaj &  
#bjab4  7#g7 ,f #bjjj to #bjaa1 #ed     
l>ge-scale ivory seizures _w-wide       

captur$ m ?an #aaj1jjj kilograms (      
ivory4 ,m ?an half ( ^? l>ge-scale      
seizures occurr$ betwe5 #bjjh & #bjaa1  
indicat+ an increas+ dem& = ivory &     
exp&+ p>ticipation by organiz$ crime 9 !
 illegal trade 9 ivory4  7#h7 ,wildlife 
crime ?reat5s elephants1 rh9oc]os1 &    
tig]s greatly1 b also has a deva/at+    
impact on a numb] ( o!r species1 includ+
 %>ks1 pangol9s1 great apes1 & turtles4 
7#i7 ,9 addition to ?reat5+ ! survival (
 imp]il$ species1 wildlife poa*]s &     
traffick]s frequ5tly kill p>k rang]s    
devot$ to protect+ _! c\ntries'         
wildlife1 de/abilize communities ?r\gh  
viol5ce & corruption ( local law        
en=cem5t (ficials & o!rs1 & ?reat5      
wildlife t\rism indu/ries1 :i*          
contribute significantly to ! local &   
national economies ( _m c\ntries4  7#aj7
 ,:]e wildlife is well-manag$ by        
communities or 9 p>tn]%ip ) o!rs1 x c   
provide a significant & su/a9able s\rce 
( economic activity1 p>ticul>ly 9       
impov]i%$ rural areas1 & :5 communities 

%>e 9 ! rev5ues g5]at$ by wildlife-bas$ 
economic developm5t1 x c greatly r$uce  
inc5tives to engage 9 poa*+ activities  
:ile greatly increas+ inc5tives to      
protect wildlife4  7#aa7 ,at ! #af?     
meet+ ( ! ,conf]5ce ( ! ,p>ties to      
,,cites1 held 9 ,bangkok1 ,?ail&1 9 ,m>*
 #bjac1 all p>ties to ,,cites agre$ to  
"w to help eradicate poa*+ ( rh9oc]oses1
 elephants1 %>ks1 & o!r species1 & !    
illegal trade 9 _! p>ts4  7#ab7 ,!      
,unit$ ,/ates c play a pivotal role 9   
ensur+ t c\ntries meet _! int]national  
obligations "u ,,cites & take additional
 positive /eps to address ! wildlife    
traffick+ crisis & ! global illegal     
trade 9 elephants1 rh9oc]oses1 & o!r    
species1 includ+ ?r\gh su/a9$ diplomatic
 engagem5t4  ,i ,purpose & policy  #aja4
 ,purpose ,! purposes ( ?is ,act are--  
7#a7 to support a collaborative1        
int]ag5cy approa* to address ! wildlife 
crime crisis2  7#b7 to protect & cons]ve
 ! rema9+ populations ( wild elephants1 
rh9oc]oses1 & o!r species ?reat5$ by    

poa*+ & ! illegal wildlife trade2  7#c7 
to disrupt regional & global            
transnational organiz$ crim9al networks 
& to prev5t ! illegal wildlife trade f  
be+ us$ z a s\rce ( f9anc+ = crim9al    
gr\ps t und]m9e ,unit$ ,/ates & global  
security int]e/s2  7#d7 to prev5t       
wildlife poa*+ & traffick+ f be+ a means
 to make a liv+ 9 c\ntries ( conc]n2    
7#e7 to create a conducive environm5t = 
wildlife & local populations 9 c\ntries 
( conc]n2  7#f7 to r$uce ! global dem& =
 ivory1 rh9oc]os horn1 & o!r wildlife & 
wildlife products tak5 & trad$          
illegally2  7#g7 to support ! ef=ts (1 &
 collaborate ) individuals1 communities1
 local organizations1 & ! gov]nm5ts (   
c\ntries ( conc]n to combat poa*+ &     
wildlife traffick+2 &  7#h7 to assi/    
c\ntries ( conc]n 9 implem5tation (     
national wildlife anti-traffick+ & poa*+
 laws4  #ajb4 ,/atem5t ( ,unit$ ,/ates  
policy ,x is ! policy ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 
to-- 7#a7 take imm$iate actions to /op !
 illegal global trade 9 wildlife &      

wildlife products & associat$           
transnational organiz$ crime2  7#b7     
provide te*nical & o!r =ms ( assi/ance  
to c\ntries ( conc]n to help !m halt !  
poa*+ ( elephants1 rh9oc]oses1 & o!r    
imp]il$ species & end ! illegal trade 9 
wildlife & _! p>ts1 includ+ by provid+  
tra9+ & assi/ance 9--  7,a7 wildlife    
protection & managem5t ( wildlife       
populations2  7,b7 anti-poa*+ & protect$
 area managem5t2  7,c7 local engagem5t (
 security =ces 9 anti-poa*+             
responsibilities :]e appropriate2  7,d7 
wildlife crime inve/igative te*niques1  
includ+ =5sic tools2  7,e7 transp>5cy & 
corruption issues2  7,f7 managem5t &    
track+ ( confiscat$ wildlife contrab&2  
7,g7 dem& r$uction /rategies2 &  7,h7   
bilat]al & multilat]al coop]ation       
agreem5ts2  7#c7 employ all appropriate 
assets & res\rces ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates     
,gov]nm5t 9 a coord9at$ mann] to curtail
 poa*+ & disrupt & dismantle illegal    
wildlife trade networks & ! f9anc+ ( ^? 
networks 9 a mann] appropriate = ea*    

c\ntry ( conc]n2  7#d7 implem5t !       
,national ,/rategy & ,implem5tation     
,plan to fur!r combat wildlife crimes 9 
a holi/ic mann] & guide & aid 9 !       
response ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,gov]nm5t to 
ensure progress 9 ! fight aga9/ wildlife
 crime2 &  7#e7 to recognize ! ties (   
wildlife traffick+ to broad] =ms (      
transitional organiz$ crim9al           
activities1 includ+ traffick+1 & :]e    
applicable1 to focus on ^? crimes 9 a   
coord9at$1 cross-cutt+ mann]4  ,,ii     
,framework = int]ag5cy response  #bja4  
,presid5tial ,task ,=ce on ,wildlife    
,traffick+  7a7 ,responsibilities ,9    
addition to ! functions requir$ by      
,executive ,ord] #acfdh 7#gh ,f$4 ,reg4 
#djfba71 ! ,task ,=ce %all--  7#a7      
id5tify c\ntries ( conc]n & p]iodically 
assess su* c\ntries1 z appropriate1 bas$
 on crit]ia1 includ+ ! role ( su*       
c\ntries 9 ! supply1 poa*+1 or transit  
(1 or dem& =1 wildlife & wildlife       
products1 & use t in=mation to          
prioritize "w "u ?is ,act1 z            

appropriate2  7#b7 collaborate ) !      
national wildlife s]vices1 or o!r       
relevant compon5ts ( ! gov]nm5t1 ( ea*  
c\ntry ( conc]n to prep>e1 n lat] ?an   
#abj days aft] ! date ( ! enactm5t ( ?is
 ,act1 a situational analysis ( ! ?reats
 to wildlife 9 t c\ntry ( conc]n & an   
assessm5t ( ! capacity ( t c\ntry to    
address wildlife crime2  7#c7           
collaborate ) ! national wildlife       
s]vices1 or o!r relevant compon5ts ( !  
gov]nm5t1 ( ea* c\ntry ( conc]n to      
prep>e1 n lat] ?an #baj days aft] ! date
 ( ! enactm5t ( ?is ,act1 a /rategic    
plan t includes recomm5dations =        
address+ wildlife crime1 tak+ into      
acc\nt any regional or national         
/rategies = address+ wildlife crimes 9 a
 c\ntry ( conc]n develop$ be=e su* date 
( enactm5t2  7#d7 coord9ate ef=ts to    
implem5t ! /rategic plans requir$ by    
p>agraph 7#c7 & o!r goals to combat     
wildlife crime 9 ea* c\ntry ( conc]n    
among ,f$]al ag5cies & non-,f$]al       
p>tn]s1 includ+ missions1 dome/ic &     

int]national organizations1 ! private   
sector1 & o!r global p>tn]s2  7#e7 n    
less frequ5tly ?an annually1 consult &  
coord9ate ) /akehold]s qualifi$ to      
provide advice1 assi/ance1 & in=mation  
reg>d+ effective support = anti-poa*+   
activities1 coord9at+ regional law      
en=cem5t ef=ts1 develop+ & support+     
effective legal en=cem5t me*anisms1 &   
develop+ /rategies to r$uce illicit     
trade & r$uce consum] dem& = illegally  
trad$ wildlife & wildlife products1 &   
o!r relevant topics "u ?is ,act2 &  7#f7
 c>ry out o!r functions z are necess>y  
to implem5t ?is ,act4  7b7 ,duplication 
& effici5cy ,! ,task ,=ce %all--  7#a7  
ensure t ! activities ( ! ,f$]al ag5cies
 involv$ 9 c>ry+ out ef=ts "u ?is ,act  
are coord9at$ & n duplicat$2 &  7#b7    
enc\rage effici5cies & coord9ation among
 ! ef=ts ( ,f$]al ag5cies & int]ag5cy   
initiatives ongo+ z ( ! date ( !        
enactm5t ( ?is ,act to address traffick+
 activities1 includ+ traffick+ (        
wildlife1 humans1 weapons1 & n>cotics1  

illegal trade1 transnational organiz$   
crime1 or o!r illegal activities4  7c7  
,consi/5cy ) ag5cy responsibilities ,!  
,task ,=ce %all c>ry out its            
responsibilities & prep>e ! reports     
requir$ "u ?is ,act 9 a mann] consi/5t )
 ! au?orities & responsibilities (      
ag5cies repres5t$ on ! ,task ,=ce4  7d7 
,t]m9ation ( ,task ,=ce ,! ,task ,=ce   
%all t]m9ate on ! date t is #e ye>s aft]
 ! date ( ! enactm5t ( ?is ,act4  ,,iii 
,programs to address ! escalat+ wildlife
 traffick+ crisis  #cja4 ,anti-poa*+    
programs  7a7 ,wildlife law en=cem5t    
pr(essional tra9+ & coord9ation         
activities ,! ,secret>y ( ,/ate & !     
,adm9i/rator ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,ag5cy = 
,int]national ,developm5t1 9            
collaboration ) ! heads ( o!r relevant  
,unit$ ,/ates ag5cies & nongov]nm5tal   
p>tn]s :]e appropriate1 may provide     
assi/ance to c\ntries ( conc]n to c>ry  
out ! recomm5dations made 9 ! /rategic  
plan requir$ by section #bja7;a77#c71   
among o!r goals1 to improve !           

effectiv5ess ( wildlife law en=cem5t 9  
regions & c\ntries ( conc]n1 ) cle> &   
measurable t>gets & indicators (        
success1 includ+--  7#a7 assess+ &      
utiliz+ exi/+ res\rces1 en=cem5t tools1 
& legal au?orities to coord9ate ! ef=ts 
( combat+ wildlife traffick+ ) o!r      
illegal trade1 su* z illegal weapons1   
n>cotics1 & human traffick+2  7#b7 exp&+
 exi/+ wildlife crime law en=cem5t tra9+
 at int]national law en=cem5t academies2
  7#c7 provid+ t>get$ c\ntry-specific   
tra9+s on wildlife crime law en=cem5t2  
7#d7 support+ ! pr(essionalization ( !  
wildlife law en=cem5t sector1 :i* may   
include--  7,a7 creat+ & adopt+ /&>ds = 
pr(essional rang] tra9+ &               
qualifications2  7,b7 tra9+ &           
accr$itation sy/ems bas$ on ! /&>ds     
describ$ 9 subp>agraph 7,a7 t produce   
pr(essionally tra9$ & qualifi$ rang]s & 
promote ! ov]all pr(essionalization (   
rang] =ces1 includ+ appropriate         
p>ticipation )9 ! crim9al ju/ice sy/em2 
7,c7 develop+ & in/itutionaliz+ rew>d & 

promotion sy/ems = rang]s bas$ on       
p]=mance & set compet5cies2  7,d7       
develop+ & in/itutionaliz+ national     
sy/ems to provide insurance to rang]s & 
_! families & comp5sation = ^? rang]s   
kill$ 9 ! l9e ( duty2 &  7,e7 coop]at+ &
 coord9at+ betwe5 law en=cem5t task$ )  
wildlife or p>k protection & def5se     
=ces1 :]e appropriate1 includ+ tra9+    
opportunities1 logistical support1 or   
provision ( equipm5t2  7#e7 provid+     
tra9+ & te*nical support on jo9t        
op]ations betwe5 wildlife law en=cem5t &
 anti-poa*+ pr(essionals & o!r law      
en=cem5t ag5cies to combat ?reats f     
poa*+2  7#f7 tra9+ & assi/ance 9 ga!r+1 
%>+1 analyz+1 manag+1 & apply+          
intellig5ce relat$ to wildlife          
traffick+1 includ+ ! use ( data ga!r$ f 
weapons seizures & balli/ics te/+2  7#g7
 assi/+ 9 ! creation or enhancem5t (    
transb\nd>y patrols & regional law      
en=cem5t op]ations "u jo9t comm&1       
p>ticul>ly 9 c5tral1 ea/]n1 & s\!rn     
,africa2  7#h7 assess+ te*nology ne$s 9 

c\ntries ( conc]n & promot+ ! use (     
te*nology to improve wildlife           
protection1 :ile tak+ into acc\nt !     
limitations ( te*nology & !             
appropriat5ess ( us+ te*nology 9 ea*    
c\ntry ( conc]n2 &  7#i7 utiliz+        
pre-exi/+ national or regional /rategies
 t c\ntries already h 9 place to combat 
wildlife traffick+ z a basis =          
incorporat+ applicable p>ts ( !         
,national ,/rategy4  7b7 ,au?ority ,to  
,provide ,security ,assi/ance  7#a7 ,9  
g5]al ,! ,secret>y ( ,/ate may provide  
def5se articles1 def5se s]vices1 &      
relat$ tra9+ to security =ces ( c\ntries
 ( conc]n = ! purpose ( c\nt]+ wildlife 
traffick+ & poa*+4  7#b7 ,c]tification  
,! ,secret>y ( ,/ate %all c]tify to !   
,committee on ,=eign ,relations ( !     
,s5ate & ! ,committee on ,=eign ,affairs
 ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives t any      
assi/ance provid$ pursuant to ?is       
subsection is necess>y = ! purposes (   
combat+ wildlife crime4  7#c7           
,notification ,consi/5t ) ! requirem5ts 

( ! ,arms ,export ,control ,act 7#bb    
,u4,s4,c4 #bgea et seq47 & ! ,=eign     
,assi/ance ,act ( #aifa 7#bb ,u4,s4,c4  
#baea et seq471 ! ,secret>y ( ,/ate %all
 notify ! ,committee on ,=eign          
,relations ( ! ,s5ate & ! ,committee on 
,=eign ,affairs ( ! ,h\se (             
,repres5tatives reg>d+ def5se articles1 
def5se s]vices1 & relat$ tra9+ provid$  
"u p>agraph 7#a74  7#d7 ,fund+          
,assi/ance provid$ "u ?is subsection    
%all be provid$ us+ am\nts available to 
! ,secret>y ( ,/ate = =eign milit>y     
f9anc+4  7c7 ,def9itions ,9 ?is section3
 7#a7 ,def5se article2 def5se s]vice2   
significant milit>y equipm5t2 tra9+ ,!  
t]ms def5se article1 def5se s]vice1     
significant milit>y equipm5t1 & tra9+ h 
! mean+s giv5 ^? t]ms 9 section #dg ( ! 
,arms ,export ,control ,act 7#bb        
,u4,s4,c4 #bgid74  7#b7 ,security =ce ,!
 t]m security =ce means a milit>y1 law  
en=cem5t1 g5d>m]ie1 p>k rang]1 or any   
o!r security =ce4  #cjb4 ,anti-traffick+
 programs  7a7 ,inve/igative capacity   

build+ ,! ,secret>y ( ,/ate & !         
,adm9i/rator ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,ag5cy = 
,int]national ,developm5t1 9            
collaboration ) ! heads ( o!r relevant  
,unit$ ,/ates ag5cies & communities1    
regions1 & gov]nm5ts 9 c\ntries (       
conc]n1 may design & implem5t programs 9
 c\ntries ( conc]n to c>ry out !        
recomm5dations made 9 ! /rategic plan   
requir$ by section #bja7;a77#c71 among  
o!r goals1 ) cle> & measurable t>gets & 
indicators ( success1 to increase !     
capacity ( wildlife law en=cem5t &      
cu/oms & bord] security (fic]s 9        
c\ntries ( conc]n to improve _! ability 
to conduct--  7#a7 pr(essional          
inve/igations1 includ+ us+ law en=cem5t 
te*niques su* z controll$ deliv]ies1    
und]cov] inve/igations1 & ! developm5t (
 in=m] networks & actionable            
intellig5ce2  7#b7 m>ket inspections &  
associat$ en=cem5t actions2  7#c7 bord] 
inspections1 includ+ ! use ( sniff] dogs
 & o!r detection equipm5t to id5tify    
elephant ivory1 rh9oc]os horn1 &        

products made f su* ivory or horn1 z    
well z o!r illegal wildlife & wildlife  
products2  7#d7 %ipm5t & traffick+ risk 
analyses & associat$ t>get+ ( high-risk 
%ipm5ts2  7#e7 assessm5ts ( te*nology   
ne$s 9 c\ntries ( conc]n & promotion ( !
 use ( te*nology to improve inve/igation
 & prosecution ( wildlife crimes1 :ile  
tak+ into acc\nt ! limitations (        
te*nology & appropriat5ess ( us+        
te*nology 9 ea* c\ntry ( conc]n2  7#f7  
,,dna-bas$ & =5sic id5tification (      
wildlife products 9 trade1 includ+      
assi/ance ) advanc$ te*niques = det]m9+ 
! age & orig9 ( ivory & ivory products &
 rh9oc]os horn2 &  7#g7 tra9+ = law     
en=cem5t p]sonnel 9 complex             
inve/igations t h n traditionally       
includ$ wildlife crime1 b c\ld 9 !      
future1 includ+ ) respect to            
int]national matt]s1 f9ancial issues1   
gov]nm5t corruption1 electronic evid5ce1
 & comput] =5sics4  7b7 ,transnational  
programs ,! ,secret>y ( ,/ate & !       
,adm9i/rator ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,ag5cy = 

,int]national ,developm5t1 9            
collaboration ) o!r relevant ,unit$     
,/ates ag5cies1 nongov]nm5tal p>tn]s1 & 
int]national bodies1 & 9 collaboration )
 communities1 regions1 & gov]nm5ts 9    
c\ntries ( conc]n1 may design & implem5t
 programs 9 c\ntries ( conc]n to c>ry   
out ! recomm5dations made 9 ! /rategic  
plan requir$ by section #bja7;a77#c71   
among o!r goals1 to bett] und]/& &      
combat ! transnational trade 9 illegal  
wildlife1 includ+ programs t--  7#a7    
improve und]/&+ ( ! /atus ( & tr5ds 9   
transnational wildlife traffick+1 poa*+ 
locations1 ports ( entry & exit1 & trade
 r\tes2  7#b7 increase & in/itutionalize
 ! capacity1 coord9ation1 & te*nical    
exp]tise ( gov]nm5ts & regional law     
en=cem5t bodies to disrupt illegal      
wildlife traffick+ r\tes & c>tels1      
includ+ ?r\gh enhanc$ inve/igation      
te*niques & in=mant networks2  7#c7     
id5tify l9kages to o!r transnational    
crim9al activities & organizations & o!r
 =ms ( illegal trade & utilize exi/+    

res\rces1 en=cem5t tools1 & legal       
au?orities to coord9ate ef=ts2  7#d7    
id5tify & make transp>5t ! role ( money 
laund]+1 %ell companies1 & o!r illegal  
f9ancial practices 9 int]national       
organiz$ wildlife crime t help l9k      
s\rce1 transit1 & dem& c\ntries2  7#e7  
help to elevate & su/a9 ! priority &    
importance plac$ on wildlife traffick+  
issues by community1 national1 regional 
& int]national law en=cem5t & security  
bodies2 &  7#f7 may place1 z feasible & 
appropriate1 ,unit$ ,/ates wildlife law 
en=cem5t (fic]s 9 c\ntries ( conc]n4    
#cjc4 ,dem& r$uction agreem5ts  7a7     
,s5se ( ,congress ,x is ! s5se (        
,congress t ! ,unit$ ,/ates %\ld cont9ue
 to "w ) =eign c\ntries1 includ+ ! ,p's 
,republic ( ,*9a1 ! ,k+dom ( ,?ail&1 & !
 ,sociali/ ,republic ( ,vietnam1 to     
build on positive ef=ts to combat global
 wildlife traffick+1 includ+ by r$uc+   
dem& = illegal wildlife & illegal       
wildlife products4  7b7 ,unit$          
,/ates-,*9a bilat]al agreem5ts on       

illegal wildlife trade ,! ,secret>y (   
,/ate %\ld1 9 consultation ) ! ,secret>y
 ( ! ,int]ior-- 7#a7 implem5t agreem5ts 
) ! ,p's ,republic ( ,*9a aim$ at r$uc+ 
dem& = ivory & cont9ue negotiations on  
bilat]al ef=ts to elim9ate illegal trade
 9 wildlife & wildlife products )9 !    
,unit$ ,/ates & ,*9a2 &  7#b7           
collaborate to combat ! global illegal  
wildlife trade1 id5tify & monitor       
int]national crim9al syndicates involv$ 
9 wildlife traffick+1 promote successful
 en=cem5t actions & prosecutions1       
m9imize ! illegal wildlife trade on !   
,int]net1 & phase out dome/ic /ocks (   
captive animals t c\ld end up 9 !       
illegal trade or s]ve to /imulate or    
mask illegal trade 9 critically endang]$
 species )9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,*9a 7o!r 
?an captive animals ma9ta9$ by          
organizations ^: accr$itation programs  
he$ rigor\s & publicly available /&>ds1 
utilize notable exp]ts 9 ! field to     
conduct compreh5sive inspection &       
review1 & provide opportunity = public  

comm5t74  7c7 ,unit$ ,/ates-,?ail&      
bilat]al dialogue on illegal wildlife   
trade ,! ,secret>y ( ,/ate %\ld1 9      
consultation ) ! ,secret>y ( !          
,int]ior-- 7#a7 initiate negotiations ) 
! ,k+dom ( ,?ail& on a bilat]al agreem5t
 aim$ at r$uc+ dem& = ivory & illegal   
wildlife & wildlife products 9 ,?ail&   
?r\gh support = anti-traffick+ & dem&   
r$uction ef=ts1 legislative & regulatory
 re=m1 effective implem5tation (        
,?ail&'s ,national ,ivory ,action ,plan2
 &  7#b7 collaborate to combat ! global 
illegal wildlife trade1 id5tify &       
monitor int]national crim9al syndicates 
involv$ 9 wildlife traffick+1 promote   
successful en=cem5t actions &           
prosecutions & any o!r b5eficial        
measures1 & use cle> measures ( success4
  7d7 ,unit$ ,/ates-,vietnam bilat]al   
dialogue on illegal wildlife trade ,!   
,secret>y ( ,/ate %\ld1 9 consultation )
 ! ,secret>y ( ! ,int]ior-- 7#a7        
initiate negotiations ) ! ,sociali/     
,republic ( ,vietnam on a bilat]al      

agreem5t aim$ at elim9at+ illegal trade 
9 ivory1 rh9oc]os horn1 & o!r wildlife &
 wildlife products 9 ,vietnam ?r\gh     
support = anti-traffick+ & dem& r$uction
 ef=ts1 compreh5sive legislative &      
regulatory re=m1 effective rh9oc]os     
trophy managem5t & regi/ration1         
effective en=cem5t1 inve/igations1 &    
prosecutions1 & effective rh9oc]os horn 
/ockpile managem5t & regi/ration2 &     
7#b7 collaborate ) ,vietnam to combat ! 
global illegal wildlife trade1 id5tify &
 monitor int]national crim9al syndicates
 involv$ 9 wildlife traffick+1 promote  
successful en=cem5t actions &           
prosecutions & any o!r b5eficial        
measures1 & use cle> measures ( success4
  #cjd4 ,engagem5t ( ,unit$ ,/ates      
diplomatic missions ,n lat] ?an #baj    
days aft] ! date ( ! enactm5t ( ?is     
,act1 ea* *ief ( mission to a c\ntry (  
conc]n %\ld--  7#a7 beg9 to implem5t !  
recomm5dations conta9$ 9 ! /rategic plan
 requir$ by section #bja7;a77#c71 among 
o!r goals1 = ! c\ntry2  7#b7 conv5e a   

work+ gr\p ( ,unit$ ,/ates ag5cy        
(ficials op]at+ 9 ! c\ntry to focus on  
wildlife crime1 includ+ exp]ts 9        
wildlife cons]vation1 law en=cem5t1     
crim9al ju/ice1 transnational organiz$  
crime1 def5se1 intellig5ce1 &           
developm5t2 &  7#c7 :]e appropriate1    
designate a ,wildlife ,anti-,traffick+  
,coord9ator1 f among exi/+ p]sonnel at !
 mission1 ^: role x is--  7,a7 to       
provide lead]%ip & coord9ation across   
,unit$ ,/ates ag5cy (ficials op]at+ )9 t
 c\ntry involv$ 9 ! work+ gr\p & )      
te*nical1 political1 & o!r /akehold]s 9 
! gov]nm5t ( ! c\ntry & o!r community   
lead]s & /akehold]s 9 ord] to support ! 
recomm5dations ( ! /rategic plan requir$
 by section #bja7;a77#c71 among o!r     
goals1 to prev5t wildlife crime 9 !     
c\ntry ( conc]n2  7,b7 to %>e all       
relevant in=mation ab\t wildlife crime f
 ! c\ntry ( conc]n ) o!r ,wildlife      
,anti-,traffick+ ,coord9ators 9 o!r     
missions z well z to ! ,task ,=ce2 &    
7,c7 to id5tify & engage ) nongov]nm5tal

 p>tn]s work+ 9 ! c\ntry on ^! issues to
 support ef=ts describ$ 9 subp>agraphs  
7,a7 & 7,b71 includ+ donor p>tn]s1      
cons]vation organizations1 & ! private  
sector4  #cje4 ,int]national coop]ation 
& global p>tn]%ips ,! ,secret>y ( ,/ate 
& ! ,adm9i/rator = ! ,unit$ ,/ates      
,ag5cy = ,int]national ,developm5t1 9   
collaboration ) ! heads ( o!r relevant  
,unit$ ,/ates ag5cies1 may take action  
to /r5g!n int]national coop]ation &     
p>tn]%ips to combat ! global wildlife   
crime crisis1 includ+ ?r\gh--  7#a7     
/r5g!n+ & advanc+ ! implem5tation (     
int]national agreem5ts & o!r arrangem5ts
 t protect wildlife2  7#b7 lev]ag+      
,unit$ ,/ates diplomacy to mobilize     
global support = action aga9/ wildlife  
crime2  7#c7 promot+ organization ( &   
p>ticipation by ,unit$ ,/ates ag5cies 9 
wildlife crime en=cem5t op]ations2  7#d7
 build+ p>tn]%ips ) gov]nm5ts1          
int]gov]nm5tal organizations1           
nongov]nm5tal organizations1            
communities1 & ! private sector to      

combat wildlife crime1 includ+ lev]ag+  
new & exi/+ te*nologies2  7#e7 consid]+ 
! developm5t ( vett$ units ( local law  
en=cem5t to be scre5$1 tra9$1 & support$
 by appropriate ,unit$ ,/ates law       
en=cem5t (ficials2 &  7#f7 enc\rag+     
c\ntries1 :]e appropriate1 to           
transp>5tly audit _! hold+s ( contrab&  
wildlife & wildlife products4  #cjf4    
,community-bas$ cons]vation ,! ,secret>y
 ( ,/ate1 9 collaboration ) ! heads (   
o!r relevant ,unit$ ,/ates ag5cies1 !   
private sector1 nongov]nm5tal           
organizations1 & o!r developm5t p>tn]s1 
may provide support 9 c\ntries ( conc]n 
to c>ry out ! recomm5dations made 9 !   
/rategic plan requir$ by section        
#bja7;a77#c7 z su* recomm5dations relate
 to ! developm5t1 scal+1 & replication (
 community-own$ wildlife cons]vancies & 
community-bas$ cons]vation programs 9   
c\ntries ( conc]n to assi/ ) rural      
/ability & great] security = p &        
wildlife1 emp[] & support communities to
 own1 manage1 or b5efit f _! wildlife   

res\rces su/a9ably1 & r$uce ! ?reat (   
poa*+ & traffick+1 includ+ ?r\gh--  7#a7
 promot+ cons]vation-bas$ ent]prises &  
inc5tives1 su* z eco-t\rism &           
agricultural production1 t emp[]        
communities to own or manage _!         
wildlife1 natural res\rces1 & community 
v5tures :]e appropriate1 by ensur+ !y   
b5efit f well-manag$ wildlife           
populations2  7#b7 help+ create         
alt]native livelihoods to poa*+ by help+
 support rural /ability1 great] security
 = p & wildlife1 su/a9able economic     
developm5t & economic inc5tives to      
cons]ve wildlife populations2  7#c7     
engag+ regional bus9esses & ! private   
sector to develop goods & s]vices to    
aide 9 anti-poa*+ & anti-traffick+      
measures2  7#d7 work+ ) communities to  
develop secure & safe me?ods ( %>+      
in=mation ) en=cem5t (ficials2  7#e7    
provid+ te*nical assi/ance to support   
su/a9able l& use plans to improve !     
economic1 environm5tal1 & social        
outcomes 9 community-own$ or -manag$    

l&s2  7#f7 support+ community anti-poa*+
 ef=ts includ+ polic+ & in=mant         
networks2  7#g7 work+ ) community &     
national gov]nm5ts to develop relevant  
policy & regulatory frameworks to enable
 & promote community-own$ or -manag$    
cons]vation programs1 includ+ support+  
law en=cem5t engagem5t ) wildlife       
protection au?orities to promote        
in=mation-%>+2 &  7#h7 work+ ) national 
gov]nm5ts to ensure t communities h     
timely & effective support f national   
au?orities to m9imize physical or mortal
 risks t communities may face :5 engag+ 
9 anti-poa*+ & anti-traffick+           
activities4  #cjg4 ,report on wildlife  
traffick+ measures  7a7 ,report requir$ 
,n lat] ?an "o ye> aft] ! date ( !      
enactm5t ( ?is ,act1 & annually !reaft]1
 ! ,co-,*airs ( ! ,task ,=ce1 9         
collaboration ) ! ,director ( ,national 
,intellig5ce & ! heads ( o!r relevant   
,unit$ ,/ates ag5cies1 %all submit to ! 
appropriate congressional committees a  
report on wildlife crimes4  7b7 ,matt]s 

,to ,be includ$ ,! report requir$ by    
subsection 7a7 %all include ! foll[+3   
7#a7 ,a summ>y ( ! situational analysis 
( ?reats to wildlife = ea* c\ntry (     
conc]n requir$ by section #bja7;a77#b74 
7#b7 ,a summ>y ( ! /rategic plan = ea*  
c\ntry ( conc]n requir$ by section      
#bja7;a77#c7 & an assessm5t ( any       
progress made on ! implem5tation ( !    
plan 9 t c\ntry1 includ+ a description (
 measurable goals & a framework ) cle>  
timel9es & b5*m>ks = monitor+ su*       
progress4  7#c7 ,a detail$ description (
 actions t ea* ag5cy repres5t$ on !     
,task ,=ce has or w implem5t to c>ry out
 ! requirem5ts ( section #bja & ! o!r   
provisions ( ?is ,act4  7#d7 ,a         
description ( ! capacity ( ! au?orities 
( gov]nm5ts ( c\ntries ( conc]n to su/a9
 ! programs = :i* ! ,unit$ ,/ates has   
provid$ assi/ance pursuant to ?is ,act4 
7#e7 ,an id5tification ( ! c\ntries (   
conc]n t play ! mo/ significant role 9 !
 supply or poa*+ (1 transit 91 or dem& =
 illegal wildlife or wildlife products  

or _! d]ivatives & a description ( h[   
su* products or d]ivatives are          
traffick$4  7#f7 ,an id5tification (    
relevant supply r\tes1 me?ods (         
transportation1 use & id5tification (   
freight =w>d]s1 f9ancial in/itutions us$
 9 ea* c\ntry ( conc]n1 & r$ flag       
indicators ( wildlife smuggl+ relat$    
money laund]+4  7#g7 ,a description ( ! 
ef=ts ( ! c\ntries id5tifi$ "u p>agraph 
7#e7 to c\nt] wildlife traffick+ & to   
adh]e to _! int]national treaty         
obligations relat+ to endang]$ or       
?reat5$ species4  7#h7 ,an assessm5t ( !
 ext5t ( involvem5t ( organizations     
designat$ z =eign t]rori/ organizations 
"u section #bai ( ! ,immigration &      
,nationality ,act 7#h ,u4,s4,c4 #aahi74 
7#i7 ,any security assi/ance provid$ "u 
section #cja7;b71 or security assi/ance 
provid$ dur+ ! mo/ rec5t fiscal ye> end+
 be=e ! date ( ! report us+ funds or    
au?orities available 9 ! ,act au?oriz+  
appropriations = t fiscal ye> = milit>y 
activities ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,def5se1 to  

ea* c\ntry ( conc]n "u section #cja7;b74
  7c7 ,=m ,! report requir$ by          
subsection 7a7 %all be submitt$ 9       
unclassifi$ =m1 b may include a         
classifi$ annex4  7d7 ,t]m9ation date ,!
 requirem5t to conduct reports "u       
subsection 7a7 %all t]m9ate on ! date on
 :i* ! ,task ,=ce t]m9ates "u section   
#bja7;d74  #cjh4 ,implem5tation us+     
am\nts previ\sly appropriat$  7a7 ,9    
g5]al ,! provisions ( ?is ,act %all be  
c>ri$ out us+ am\nts previ\sly          
appropriat$ & available = obligation z (
 ! date ( ! enactm5t ( ?is ,act4 ,no    
additional am\nts are au?oriz$ to be    
appropriat$ to c>ry out ?is ,act4  7b7  
,prohibition on use ( ov]seas cont+5cy  
op]ations funds ,no am\nts au?oriz$ to  
be appropriat$ = a fiscal ye> &         
designat$ z be+ 9 support ( ov]seas     
cont+5cy op]ations may be obligat$ or   
exp5d$ to c>ry out ?is ,act4  7c7 ,s5se 
( congress t ov]seas cont+5cy op]ations 
funds %\ld n be increas$ ,x is ! s5se ( 
,congress t ef=ts to f9d available      

am\nts to c>ry out ?is ,act %\ld n      
result 9 an increase 9 am\nts au?oriz$  
to be appropriat$ = a fiscal ye> to     
provide additional funds = ov]seas      
cont+5cy op]ations4