,,ii ,cal5d> ,no4 #fac #aad? ,,congress 
#b;d ,session  ,s4 #ahah ,report ,no4   
#aad-cdb ,,9 ,,! ,,s5ate ,,( ,,! ,,unit$
 ,,/ates  ,july #ba1 #bjae,mr4 ,lank=d  
7= himself1 ,ms4 ,heitkamp1 ,ms4        
,ayotte1 & ,mrs4 ,ern/7 introduc$ !     
foll[+ bill2 :i* 0 read twice & ref]r$  
to ! ,committee on ,homel& ,security &  
,gov]nm5tal ,affairs  ,septemb] #f1     
#bjaf,report$ by ,mr4 ,johnson1 ) an    
amendment,strike out all aft] ! enact+  
clause & ins]t ! "p pr9t$ 9 italic  ,a  
,,bill  ,to am5d title #e1 ,unit$ ,/ates
 ,code1 to re=m ! rule mak+ process (   
ag5cies4  #a4 ,%ort title ,?is ,act may 
be cit$ z ! ,pr9cipl$ ,rulemak+ ,act (  
#bjae4  #b4 ,def9itions ,9 ?is ,act--   
7#a7 ! t]ms ag5cy1 rule1 & rule mak+ h !
 mean+s giv5 ^? t]ms 9 section #eea (   
title #e1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code2 &  7#b7 !
 t]m regulatory action means any        
sub/antive action by an ag5cy 7normally 
publi%$ 9 ! ,f$]al ,regi/]7 t           
promulgates or is expect$ to lead to !  
promulgation ( a f9al regulation1       

includ+ notices ( inquiry1 advance      
notices ( propos$ rule mak+1 & notices (
 propos$ rule mak+4  #c4 ,rule mak+     
consid]ations ,section #eec ( title #e1 
,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 is am5d$ by add+ at
 ! end ! foll[+3  7f7 ,rule mak+        
consid]ations  7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,an ag5cy  
%all only promulgate a rule "u ?is      
section t is--  7,a7 requir$ by law2    
7,b7 necess>y to int]pret a law2 or     
7,c7 made necess>y by compell+ public   
ne$1 su* z a mat]ial failure ( ! private
 m>kets to protect or improve ! heal? & 
safety ( ! public1 ! environm5t1 or !   
wellbe+ ( ! p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4  7#b7  
,consid]ations ,be=e promulgat+ a rule  
"u ?is section1 an ag5cy %all-- 7,a7    
id5tify & assess ! significance ( !     
problem t ! ag5cy int5ds to address ) ! 
rule1 includ+1 :]e applicable1 !        
failures ( private m>kets or public     
in/itutions t w>rant new ag5cy action2  
7,b7 consid] ! legal au?ority "u :i* !  
rule may be propos$1 includ+ :e!r a rule
 mak+ is requir$ by /atute1 & if s1 :e!r

 by a specific date1 or :e!r ! ag5cy has
 discretion to comm5ce a rule mak+2     
7,c7 exam9e :e!r exi/+ rules or o!r     
laws-- 7i7 h creat$ or contribut$ to !  
problem id5tifi$ "u subp>agraph 7,a72 & 
7ii7 %\ld be modifi$ to a*ieve ! int5d$ 
regulatory objective m effectively2     
7,d7 id5tify & assess available         
alt]natives to direct regulation1       
includ+ by provid+--  7i7 economic      
inc5tives to enc\rage ! desir$ behavior1
 su* z us] fees or m>ketable p]mits2 or 
7ii7 in=mation ^u :i* *oices may be made
 by ! public2  7,e7 consid]1 to ! ext5t 
reasonable1 ! degree & nature ( ! risks 
pos$ by v>i\s sub/ances or activities )9
 ! jurisdiction ( ! ag5cy2  7,f7 if aft]
 det]m9+ t a rule is ! be/ available    
me?od ( a*iev+ ! regulatory objective1  
design ! rule 9 ! mo/ co/-effective     
mann] to a*ieve ! regulatory objective2 
7,g7 9 c>ry+ out subp>agraph 7,f71      
consid]--  7i7 inc5tives = innovation1  
consi/5cy1 pr$ictability1 flexibility1  
di/ributive impacts1 & equity2 &  7ii7 !

 co/s ( en=cem5t & compliance to !      
,f$]al ,gov]nm5t1 regulat$ entities1 & !
 public2  7,h7 assess ! co/s & ! b5efits
 ( ! int5d$ rule &1 recogniz+ t "s co/s 
& b5efits 7includ+ quantifable &        
qualitative measures7 are difficult to  
quantify--  7i7 propose or adopt a rule 
only ^u a reason$ det]m9ation t !       
b5efits ( ! int5d$ rule ju/ify ! co/s ( 
! rule2 &  7ii7 select approa*es t      
maximize net b5efits1 unless a /atute   
requires ano!r regulatory approa*2  7,i7
 base decisions on ! be/ reasonably     
obta9able sci5tific1 te*nical1 economic1
 & o!r in=mation conc]n+ ! ne$ =1 &     
consequ5ces (1 ! int5d$ rule2  7,j7     
id5tify & assess alt]native =ms (       
regulation &1 to ! ext5t feasible1      
specify p]=mance objectives1 & n !      
behavior or mann] ( compliance t        
regulat$ entities are requir$ to adopt2 
7,k7 seek views ( appropriate ,/ate1    
local1 & tribal (ficials be=e impos+    
regulatory requirem5ts t may            
significantly or uniquely affect ^?     

gov]nm5tal entities2  7,l7 assess !     
effects ( rules on ,/ate1 local1 &      
tribal gov]nm5ts1 includ+ specifically !
 availability ( res\rces to c>ry out ^? 
m&ates1 & seek to m9imize ^? burd5s t   
uniquely or significantly affect ^?     
gov]nm5tal entities1 consi/5t ) a*iev+ !
 regulatory objective ( ! ag5cy2  7,m7 z
 appropriate1 seek to h>monize ag5cy    
action ) relat$ ,/ate1 local1 & tribal  
regulatory & o!r gov]nm5tal functions2  
7,n7 avoid ! promulgation ( a rule t is 
inconsi/5t1 incompatible1 or duplicative
 ) o!r rules ( ! ag5cy or ^? ( o!r      
ag5cies2  7,o7 tailor ! rule-- 7i7 to   
impose ! lea/ burd5 on society1 includ+ 
individuals1 bus9esses ( diff]+ sizes1 &
 o!r entities1 includ+ small communities
 & gov]nm5tal entities2 &  7ii7 9 a     
mann] t is consi/5t ) obta9+ !          
regulatory objective1 tak+ into acc\nt1 
& to ! ext5t practicable1 ! co/s (      
cumulative rules2 &  7,p7 9 ord] to     
m9imize ! pot5tial = unc]ta9ty &        
litigation aris+ f su* unc]ta9ty1 draft 

! rule 9 a mann] t is simple & easy to  
und]/&4  4  #d4 ,public p>ticipation    
7a7 ,9 g5]al ,to promote an op5 ex*ange 
) ! public1 ea* ag5cy %all1 consi/5t )  
section #eec ( title #e1 ,unit$ ,/ates  
,code1 & o!r applicable requirem5ts1    
issue rules ?r\gh a process t involves  
public p>ticipation1 includ+--  7#a7    
provid+ ! public ) an opportunity to    
p>ticipate 9 ! regulatory process2 &    
7#b7 to ! ext5t feasible--  7,a7 af=d+ !
 public a mean+ful opportunity to submit
 comm5ts ?r\gh ! ,int]net on any propos$
 rule = a p]iod ( n less ?an #fj days2  
7,b7 provid+1 = bo? propos$ & f9al      
rules1 timely onl9e access to ! rule    
mak+ docket ( ! ag5cy on an easily      
accessible ,f$]al website1 includ+      
relevant sci5tific & te*nical f9d+s1 9  
an op51 se>*able1 & d[nloadable =mat2 & 
7,c7 provid+ an opportunity = public    
comm5t on all p]t95t p>ts ( ! propos$   
rule mak+ docket ( ! ag5cy1 includ+     
relevant sci5tific & te*nical f9d+s4    
7b7 ,comm5ts f affect$ p>ties ,be=e     

issu+ a notice ( propos$ rule mak+1 ea* 
ag5cy %all1 :5 feasible & appropriate1  
seek ! views ( ^? :o are likely to be   
affect$ by ! rule1 includ+ ^? :o are    
likely to b5efit f & ^? :o are          
pot5tially subject to ! rule4  #e4      
,integration & innovation ,9 develop+   
regulatory actions & id5tify+           
appropriate approa*es1 ea* ag5cy %all-- 
7#a7 attempt to promote coord9ation1    
simplification1 & h>monization2 &  7#b7 
seek to id5tify1 z appropriate1 means to
 a*ieve regulatory goals t are design$  
to promote innovation4  #f4 ,flexible   
approa*es ,:]e relevant1 feasible1 &    
consi/5t ) regulatory objectives1 & to !
 ext5t p]mitt$ by law1 ea* ag5cy %all   
id5tify & consid] regulatory approa*es  
t--  7#a7 r$uce burd5s & ma9ta9         
flexibility & fre$om ( *oice = ! public2
  7#b7 include w>n+s1 appropriate       
default rules1 & disclosure requirem5ts2
 &  7#c7 provide in=mation to ! public 9
 a =m t is cle> & intelligible4  #g4    
,sci5ce ,ea* ag5cy %all ensure !        

objectivity ( any sci5tific &           
te*nological in=mation & processes us$  
to support ea* regulatory action ( !    
ag5cy4  #a4 ,%ort title ,?is ,act may be
 cit$ z ! ,pr9cipl$ ,rulemak+ ,act (    
#bjae4  #b4 ,def9itions ,9 ?is ,act--   
7#a7 ! t]ms ag5cy1 rule1 & rule mak+ h !
 mean+s giv5 ^? t]ms 9 section #eea (   
title #e1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code2 &  7#b7 !
 t]m regulatory action--  7,a7 means any
 sub/antive action by an ag5cy 7normally
 publi%$ 9 ! ,f$]al ,regi/]7 t          
promulgates or is expect$ to lead to !  
promulgation ( a f9al regulation1       
includ+ notices ( inquiry1 advance      
notices ( propos$ rule mak+1 & notices (
 propos$ rule mak+2 &  7,b7 does n      
include an action by an ag5cy involv+-- 
7i7 a milit>y or =eign affairs function 
( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 or  7ii7 a matt]     
relat+ to ag5cy managem5t or p]sonnel or
 to public prop]ty1 loans1 grants1      
b5efits1 or contracts4  #c4 ,rule mak+  
consid]ations ,section #eec ( title #e1 
,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 is am5d$ by add+ at

 ! end ! foll[+3  7f7 ,rule mak+        
consid]ations  7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,an ag5cy  
%all only promulgate a rule "u ?is      
section t is--  7,a7 requir$ by law2    
7,b7 necess>y to int]pret a law2 or     
7,c7 z p]mitt$ by law1 made necess>y by 
public ne$1 to protect or improve !     
heal? & safety ( ! public1 ! environm5t1
 or ! wellbe+ ( ! p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4  
7#b7 ,consid]ations ,be=e promulgat+ a  
rule "u ?is section1 an ag5cy %all--    
7,a7 id5tify & assess ! significance ( !
 problem t ! ag5cy int5ds to address ) !
 rule2  7,b7 consid] ! legal au?ority "u
 :i* ! rule may be propos$1 includ+ :e!r
 a rule mak+ is requir$ by /atute1 & if 
s1 :e!r by a specific date1 or :e!r !   
ag5cy has discretion to comm5ce a rule  
mak+2  7,c7 :]e practicable1 exam9e :e!r
 exi/+ rules or o!r laws1 includ+ !     
cumulative effect ( exi/+ rules or o!r  
laws--  7i7 h creat$ or contribut$ to ! 
problem id5tifi$ "u subp>agraph 7,a72 & 
7ii7 %\ld be modifi$ to a*ieve ! int5d$ 
regulatory objective m effectively2     

7,d7 z p]mitt$ by /atute1 id5tify &     
assess available alt]natives to direct  
regulation1 includ+ by provid+--  7i7   
economic inc5tives to enc\rage ! desir$ 
behavior1 su* z us] fees or m>ketable   
p]mits2 or  7ii7 in=mation to ! public 9
 a =m t is cle> & intelligible2  7,e7   
consid]1 to ! ext5t reasonable1 ! degree
 & nature ( ! risks pos$ by v>i\s       
sub/ances or activities )9 !            
jurisdiction ( ! ag5cy2  7,f7 aft]      
det]m9+ t a rule is ! be/ available     
me?od ( a*iev+ ! regulatory objective-- 
7i7 assess ! co/s & b5efits ( ! int5d$  
rule &1 recogniz+ t "s co/s & b5efits   
7includ+ quantifiable & qualitative     
measures7 are difficult to quantify1    
design ! rule to maximize net b5efits   
:ile ju/ify+ ! co/s1 unless a /atute    
requires ano!r regulatory approa*2 &    
7ii7 z p]mitt$ by /atute-- 7,i7 consid]1
 :5 develop+ ! rule--  7aa7 inc5tives = 
innovation1 consi/5cy1 pr$ictability1   
flexibility1 di/ributive impacts1 &     
equity on ! regulat$ entities & !       

public2 &  7bb7 ! co/ ( en=cem5t &      
compliance to ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t1       
regulat$ entities1 & ! public2 &  7,,ii7
 select approa*es t r$uce burd5s &      
ma9ta9 flexibility & fre$om ( *oice =   
regulat$ entities & ! public2  7,g7 base
 decisions on ! be/ reasonably obta9able
 & publically accessible sci5tific1     
te*nical1 economic1 & o!r in=mation     
conc]n+ ! ne$ =1 & consequ5ces (1 !     
int5d$ rule2  7,h7 id5tify & assess     
alt]native =ms ( regulation &1 to !     
ext5t feasible1 specify p]=mance        
objectives1 & n ! behavior or mann] (   
compliance t regulat$ entities are      
requir$ to adopt2  7,i7 seek views (    
appropriate ,/ate1 local1 & tribal      
(ficials be=e impos+ regulatory         
requirem5ts t may significantly or      
uniquely affect ^? gov]nm5tal entities2 
7,j7 assess ! effects ( rules on ,/ate1 
local1 & tribal gov]nm5ts & ! private   
sector1 includ+ specifically !          
availability ( res\rces to c>ry out ^?  
m&ates1 & seek to m9imize ^? burd5s t   

uniquely or significantly affect ^?     
gov]nm5tal entities1 consi/5t ) a*iev+ !
 regulatory objective ( ! ag5cy2  7,k7 z
 appropriate1 seek to h>monize ag5cy    
action ) relat$ ,/ate1 local1 & tribal  
regulatory & o!r gov]nm5tal functions2  
7,l7 avoid ! promulgation ( a rule t is 
inconsi/5t1 incompatible1 or duplicative
 ) o!r rules ( ! ag5cy or ^? ( o!r      
ag5cies2  7,m7 tailor ! rule-- 7i7 to   
maximize b5efits :ile impos+ ! lea/     
possible burd5 on society1 includ+      
individuals1 bus9esses ( diff]+ sizes1 &
 o!r entities1 includ+ small communities
 & gov]nm5tal entities2 &  7ii7 9 a     
mann] t is consi/5t ) obta9+ !          
regulatory objective1 tak+ into acc\nt1 
& to ! greate/ ext5t practicable1 ! co/s
 ( cumulative rules2 &  7,n7 9 ord] to  
m9imize ! pot5tial = unc]ta9ty &        
litigation aris+ f su* unc]ta9ty-- 7i7  
draft ! rule 9 a mann] t is simple &    
easy to und]/&2 &  7ii7 include         
in=mation to assi/ ) compliance ) !     
rule1 su* z w>n+s1 appropriate default  

rules1 & disclosure requirem5ts4  7#c7  
,exceptions ,?is subsection %all n      
apply-- 7,a7 to int]pretative rules1    
g5]al /atem5ts ( policy1 or rules (     
ag5cy organization1 proc$ures1 or       
practice2  7,b7 if ! ,adm9i/rator ( !   
,(fice ( ,in=mation & ,regulatory       
,affairs waives ! requirem5ts ( ?is     
subsection = good cause2 or  7,c7 if !  
/atute on :i* a propos$ rule is bas$    
specifically exempts a rule f any ( !   
proc$ures "u ?is subsection4  7#d7      
,judicial review  7,a7 ,9 g5]al         
,compliance by an ag5cy ) ! provisions (
 ?is subsection %all be subject to      
judicial review only--  7i7 9 connection
 ) review ( f9al ag5cy action2 &  7ii7 9
 accordance ) ?is p>agraph4  7,b7       
,det]m9ations by ,adm9i/rator ,any      
det]m9ation1 action1 or inaction ( !    
,adm9i/rator ( ! ,(fice ( ,in=mation &  
,regulatory ,affairs "u ?is subsection  
%all n be subject to judicial review4   
7,c7 ,review ) f9al rule ,compliance by 
an ag5cy ) ! provisions ( ?is subsection

 %all only be subject to judicial review
 9 connection ) review ( ! f9al rule to 
:i* an analysis1 assessm5t1 or o!r      
consid]ation "u p>agraph 7#b7 applies4  
7,d7 ,rule mak+ record ,ea* consid]ation
 by an ag5cy "u p>agraph 7#b7 %all be-- 
7i7 includ$ z "p ( ! rule mak+ record = 
! rule2 &  7ii7 to ! ext5t relevant1    
consid]$ by a c\rt only 9 det]m9+ :e!r1 
"u ! /atute grant+ ! rule mak+ au?ority 
to ! ag5cy1 ! f9al rule is--  7,i7      
arbitr>y1 caprici\s1 or an abuse (      
discretion2 or  7,,ii7 unsupport$ by    
sub/antial evid5ce :]e ! /&>d is o!rwise
 provid$ by law4  7,e7 ,set aside ,if an
 ag5cy fails to comply ) ! requirem5ts  
"u p>agraph 7#b71 a c\rt may1 giv+ due  
acc\nt to prejudicial error1 hold       
unlawful & set aside ! ag5cy action4  4 
#d4 ,public p>ticipation  7a7 ,9 g5]al  
,to promote an op5 ex*ange ) ! public1  
ea* ag5cy %all1 consi/5t ) section #eec 
( title #e1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 & o!r  
applicable requirem5ts1 issue rules     
?r\gh a process t involves public       

p>ticipation1 includ+--  7#a7 provid+ ! 
public ) a mean+ful opportunity to      
p>ticipate 9 ! regulatory process2 &    
7#b7 to ! greate/ ext5t feasible--  7,a7
 af=d+ ! public a mean+ful opportunity  
to submit comm5ts ?r\gh ! ,int]net on   
any propos$ rule = a p]iod ( n less ?an 
#fj days2  7,b7 provid+1 = bo? propos$ &
 f9al rules1 timely onl9e access to !   
rule mak+ docket ( ! ag5cy on an easily 
accessible ,f$]al website1 includ+      
relevant sci5tific & te*nical f9d+s1 9  
an op51 se>*able1 & d[nloadable =mat2 & 
7,c7 provid+ an opportunity = public    
comm5t on all p]t95t p>ts ( ! propos$   
rule mak+ docket ( ! ag5cy1 includ+     
relevant sci5tific & te*nical f9d+s4    
7b7 ,comm5ts f affect$ p>ties ,be=e     
issu+ a notice ( propos$ rule mak+1 ea* 
ag5cy %all1 :5 feasible & appropriate1  
seek ! views ( ^? :o are likely to be   
affect$ by ! rule1 includ+ ^? :o are    
likely to b5efit f & ^? :o are          
pot5tially subject to ! rule4  #e4      
,integration & innovation ,9 develop+   

regulatory actions & id5tify+           
appropriate approa*es1 ea* ag5cy %all-- 
7#a7 attempt to promote coord9ation1    
simplification1 & h>monization2 &  7#b7 
seek to id5tify1 z appropriate1 means to
 a*ieve regulatory goals t are design$  
to promote innovation4  #f4 ,sci5ce ,:5 
issu+ a rule "u section #eec1 ea* ag5cy 
%all ensure t any sci5tific &           
te*nological in=mation & processes1     
includ+ models1 us$ to support any      
regulatory action ( ! ag5cy is ! be/    
available1 by tak+ into consid]ation    
:e!r ! sci5tific & te*nological         
in=mation & processes us$ are objective1
 pe]-review$1 reproducible1 & publically
 available4  ,septemb] #f1 #bjaf,report$
 ) an am5dm5t