,,iv  #aad? ,,congress  #b;d ,session   
,h4 ,,res4 #hdf  ,,9 ,,! ,,h\se ,,(     
,,repres5tatives  ,septemb] #f1         
#bjaf,ms4 ,norton submitt$ ! foll[+     
resolution2 :i* 0 ref]r$ to ! ,committee
 on ! ,judici>y  ,,resolution  ,call+ on
 ,congress to enact a new precle>ance   
=mula = ! ,vot+ ,rights ,act & condemn+ 
vot] suppression laws enact$ by ,/ates &
 political subdivisions4  ,:]eas !      
ratification ( ! #ae? ,am5dm5t 9 #ahgj  
affirms t vot+ rights _c be d5i$ to     
citiz5s on ! basis ( race2 ,:]eas       
po/-,recon/ruction ,jim ,cr[ laws       
sev]ely re/rict$ m9orities' vot+ rights1
 p>ticul>ly ^? ( ,african-,am]icans2    
,:]eas ! ,vot+ ,rights ,act ( #aife     
contribut$ to a significant increase 9  
vot] regi/ration & p>ticipation by      
,african-,am]icans & o!r m9orities2     
,:]eas ! ,supreme ,c\rt's #bjac decision
 9 ,%elby ,c\nty v4 ,hold] /ruck d[n    
section #d7;b7 ( ! ,vot+ ,rights ,act1 !
 cov]age provision ( ! law t id5tifi$   
,/ates & political subdivisions ) a     

*ronic hi/ory ( pass+ re/rictive vot+   
laws2 ,:]eas ! ,%elby ,c\nty decision   
effectively immobiliz$ section #e ( !   
,vot+ ,rights ,act ( #aife1 :i* all[$ ! 
,dep>tm5t ( ,ju/ice & ,f$]al c\rts to   
precle> any propos$ *anges to vot+      
rules1 all[+ a preemptive /rike ( unju/ 
& discrim9atory vot+ laws 9 ! regions   
id5tifi$ by section #d7;b72 ,:]eas !    
abs5ce ( ?is precle>ance requirem5t has 
all[$ = vot] suppression laws to        
prolif]ate by p]mitt+ ,/ates & political
 subdivisions to pass re/rictive vot+   
laws )\t ,f$]al precle>ance det]m9+ if !
 laws are racially discrim9atory2 ,:]eas
 #ae ,/ates w implem5t new vot+         
re/rictions su* z burd5some             
gov]nm5t-issu$ photo id5tification      
requirem5ts & r$uc$ e>ly vot+ h\rs = !  
#bjaf g5]al election = ! fir/ "t2 ,:]eas
 m ?an #ba million ,am]icans lack       
gov]nm5t-issu$ photo id5tification & a  
disproportionate numb] ( ^? ,am]icans   
are l[-income1 eld]ly1 or p ( color2    
,:]eas ,african-,am]icans are betwe5    

#ajh p]c5t & #cje p]c5t1 & ,lat9os are  
betwe5 #eh p]c5t & #aie p]c5t1 m likely 
?an ,:ites to lack acceptable           
id5tification requir$ to vote2 ,:]eas   
#aj1hjj eligible ,lat9o vot]s 9         
,alabama1 #d1gjj eligible ,lat9o vot]s 9
 ,mississippi1 #de1fjj eligible ,lat9o  
vot]s 9 ,virg9ia1 & _m eligible ,lat9o  
vot]s else:]e w f9d x m difficult to    
vote 9 #bjaf ?an 9 #bjab due to vot]    
id5tification laws2 ,:]eas s9ce ! ,%elby
 ,c\nty decision1 f\r ,/ates 7,nebraska1
 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 ,ohio1 & ,wiscons97 h   
r$uc$ e>ly vot+ access2 ,:]eas re/rict+ 
e>ly vot+ disproportionately affects    
l[-income citiz5s1 p ( color1 & !       
eld]ly1 :o (t5 rely on flexible1 e>ly   
vot+ p]iods2 ,:]eas s9ce ! ,%elby ,c\nty
 decision1 f\r ,/ates 7,alabama1        
,georgia1 ,kansas1 & ,t5nessee7 h pass$ 
laws requir+ vot]s to provide pro( (    
citiz5%ip to vote2 ,:]eas _m            
vot+-eligible1 l[-income ,lat9o vot]s   
are naturaliz$ ,unit$ ,/ates citiz5s :o 
lack pro( ( citiz5%ip & _c af=d a       

,c]tificate ( ,citiz5%ip or a           
,replacem5t ,c]tificate (               
,naturalization1 :i* co/ #fjj & #cde1   
respectively2 ,:]eas s9ce ! ,%elby      
,c\nty decision1 two ,/ates 7,virg9ia & 
,wiscons97 h impos$ m /r+5t requirem5ts 
on nongov]nm5tal organizations t help to
 regi/] & engage citiz5s 9 vot]         
p>ticipation2 ,:]eas re/rict+           
nongov]nm5tal vot] p>ticipation         
organizations directly affects l[-income
 citiz5s1 p ( color1 & ! eld]ly1 z ^!   
organizations are p>ticul>ly likely to  
rea* & engage ^! populations2 ,:]eas    
s9ce ! ,%elby ,c\nty decision1 five     
,/ates 7,arizona1 ,arkansas1 ,new       
,j]sey1 ,texas1 & ,utah7 h pass$ laws   
mak+ x m difficult to vote by abs5tee   
ballot2 ,:]eas r$uc+ abs5tee vot+       
disproportionately affects l[-income    
m9ority vot]s1 :o are m likely ?an o!r  
citiz5s to h inflexible "w- &           
*ildc>e-relat$ s*$ules2 ,:]eas s9ce !   
,%elby ,c\nty decision1 ?ree ,/ates     
7,florida1 ,i[a1 & ,s\? ,dakota7 h      

ma9ta9$ vot] laws d5y+ return+ citiz5s  
or =m] felons ! "r to vote2 ,:]eas 9    
addition to ,/ate-level vot] suppression
 laws1 political subdivisions h also    
pass$ new laws t suppress m9ority vot]s1
 includ+ r$uc+ ! numb] ( poll+ places & 
(f]+ insuffici5t language-assi/ance =   
non-,engli%-speak+ vot]s2 ,:]eas r$uc+ !
 numb] ( poll+ places disproportionately
 affects m9ority communities2 = example1
 9 ,m>icopa ,c\nty1 ,arizona1 a c\nty t 
is #cj-p]c5t ,lat9o1 election (ficials  
r$uc$ ! numb] ( poll+ places to "o poll+
 place = e #ba1jjj vot]s1 comp>$ to "o  
poll+ place = e #b1ejj vot]s 9 ! re/ ( !
 ,/ate = ! #bjaf prim>y2 ,:]eas         
insuffici5t language assi/ance at poll+ 
places c\ld possibly ?reat5 eligible    
,lat9o vot]s 9 ! #bjaf election1 z local
 jurisdictions 9 ,florida & ,texas h    
limit$ language-assi/ance programs2     
,:]eas 9 ! la/ mon?1 c\rts h /ruck d[n  
re/rictive vot+ laws 9 f\r ,/ates       
7,texas1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 ,wiscons91 &    
,ohio71 demon/rat+ ! discrim9atory      

nature ( vot+ re/rictions t h prolif]at$
 po/-,%elby ,c\nty2 ,:]eas _h a         
precle>ance =mula be5 9 effect1 !       
,dep>tm5t ( ,ju/ice & ,f$]al c\rts w\ld 
h be5 able to prev5t discrim9atory vot] 
suppression laws f be+ pass$2 & ,:]eas  
_m unju/ vot] laws t 7 pass$ or w5t into
 effect aft] ! ,%elby ,c\nty decision   
?reat5 to affect a significant numb] (  
m9ority vot]s on election day1 ,novemb] 
#h1 #bjaf3 ,n[1 !re=e1 be x  ,t ! ,h\se 
( ,repres5tatives-- 7#a7 calls on       
,congress to enact a new precle>ance    
=mula = ! ,vot+ ,rights ,act ( #aife1   
bas$ on ! ,vot+ ,rights ,am5dm5t ,act   
7,h4,r4 #chii1 ,"o ,hundr$ ,?irte5?     
,congress7 & ! ,vot+ ,rights ,advancem5t
 ,act 7,h4,r4 #bhgf1 ,"o ,hundr$        
,f\rte5? ,congress72 &  7#b7 condemns ! 
use by ,/ates & political subdivisions (
 ! vot] suppression laws & te*niques    
describ$ 9 ! preamble ( ?is resolution4