,i  #aad? ,,congress  #b;d ,session  ,h4
 ,r4 #fdif  ,,9 ,,! ,,h\se ,,(          
,,repres5tatives  ,decemb] #h1 #bjaf    
,ms4 ,judy ,*u ( ,cali=nia 7= h]self &  
,mr4 ,smi? ( ,texas7 introduc$ ! foll[+ 
bill2 :i* 0 ref]r$ to ! ,committee on ! 
,judici>y  ,a ,,bill  ,to am5d title    
#ag1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 to e/abli% a  
small claims sy/em )9 ! ,copyright      
,(fice1 & = o!r purposes4  #a4 ,%ort    
title ,?is ,act may be cit$ z !         
,fairness = ,am]ican ,small ,creators   
,act4  #b4 ,e/abli%m5t ( ,copyright     
,claims ,bo>d  7a7 ,am5dm5t ,title #ag1 
,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 is am5d$ by add+ at
 ! end ! foll[+ new *apt]3  #ad         
,copyright ,claims ,bo>d  ,sec4 #adja4  
,copyright ,claims ,bo>d4 #adjb4 ,duties
 ( (fic]s & /aff4 #adjc4 ,nature (      
proce$+s4 #adjd4 ,regi/ration c]tificate
 requir$4 #adje4 ,proce$+s4 #adjf4      
,effect ( proce$+4 #adjg4 ,confirmation 
or review by di/rict c\rt4 #adjh4       
,ref]ral ( cases by di/rict c\rts4      
#adji4 ,def9itions4  #adja4 ,copyright  

,claims ,bo>d  7a7 ,e/abli%m5t ,!re is  
e/abli%$ )9 ! ,copyright ,(fice ( !     
,libr>y ( ,congress a ,copyright ,claims
 ,bo>d 7h]e9aft] ! ,bo>d71 :i* %all s]ve
 z an alt]native =um 9 :i* p>ties may   
*oose to resolve c]ta9 copyright claims 
z provid$ 9 ?is *apt]4  7b7 ,(fic]s &   
/aff  7#a7 ,copyright claims (fic]s     
7,a7 ,appo9tm5t ,! ,libr>ian ( ,congress
 %all appo9t #c full-"t copyright claims
 (fic]s to s]ve on ! ,bo>d :o are       
recomm5d$ z qualifi$ by ! ,regi/] (     
,copyrights4  7,b7 ,qualifications ,ea* 
copyright claims (fic] %all be an       
attorney ) n less ?an #g ye>s ( legal   
exp]i5ce4 ,two ( ! copyright claims     
(fic]s %all h sub/antial exp]i5ce 9 !   
evaluation1 litigation1 or adjudication 
( copyright infr+em5t claims &1 betwe5  
!m1 %all h repres5t$ or presid$ ov] a   
div]sity ( copyright int]e/s1 includ+ ^?
 ( bo? own]s & us]s ( copyright$ works4 
,! ?ird copyright claims (fic] %all h   
sub/antial exp]i5ce 9 ! field (         
alt]native dispute resolution4  7,c7    

,t]m ,a copyright claims (fic] %all s]ve
 = a t]m ( #f ye>s1 :i* may be r5ew$ by 
! ,libr>ian ( ,congress ^u !            
recomm5dation ( ,regi/] ( ,copyrights4  
,! t]m = ! fir/ ?ree copyright claims   
(fic]s appo9t$ pursuant to subp>agraph  
7,a7 %all be #d1 #e1 & #f ye>s1         
respectively4  7,d7 ,vacancies ,if a    
vacancy occurs 9 ! position ( a         
copyright claims (fic]1 ! ,libr>ian (   
,congress %all act exp$iti\sly to appo9t
 a copyright claims (fic] = t position  
:o is recomm5d$ z qualifi$ by ! ,regi/] 
( ,copyrights4 ,a copyright claims (fic]
 appo9t$ to fill a vacancy t occurs be=e
 ! expiration ( ! t]m = :i* ! (fic]'s   
pr$ecessor 0 appo9t$ %all be appo9t$ to 
s]ve a full t]m ( #f ye>s4  7,e7        
,incapacity ,if a copyright claims (fic]
 is tempor>ily unable to p]=m ! duties (
 ! (fic]1 ! ,libr>ian ( ,congress %all  
act exp$iti\sly to appo9t an int]im     
copyright claims (fic]1 :o is recomm5d$ 
z qualifi$ by ! ,regi/] ( ,copyrights1  
to p]=m ! duties dur+ ! p]iod (         

incapacity4  7,f7 ,comp5sation ,!       
,libr>ian ( ,congress %all set ! annual 
rate ( pay = any copyright claims (fic] 
appo9t$ "u ?is p>agraph4 ,any annual    
rate ( pay e/abli%$ "u ?is subp>agraph  
%all be n less ?an ! m9imum rate ( pay1 
& n great] ?an ! maximum rate ( pay1    
applicable to a ,s5ior-,level 7,,sl7    
position e/abli%$ "u section #eajh (    
title #e1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code4  7#b7    
,copyright claims attorneys  7,a7       
,appo9tm5t ,! ,regi/] ( ,copyrights %all
 appo9t n few] ?an #b full-"t copyright 
claims attorneys to assi/ 9 !           
adm9i/ration ( ! ,bo>d4  7,b7           
,qualifications ,ea* copyright claims   
attorney %all be an attorney ) n less   
?an #c ye>s ( sub/antial exp]i5ce 9 !   
field ( copyright law4  7,c7            
,comp5sation ,! ,regi/] ( ,copyrights   
%all set ! annual rate ( pay = any      
copyright claims attorney appo9t$ "u ?is
 p>agraph4 ,any annual rate ( pay       
e/abli%$ "u ?is subp>agraph %all be n   
great] ?an ! annual rate ( pay = a      

position classifi$ at /ep #aj ( ,,gs-#ae
 ( ! ,g5]al ,s*$ule4  7#c7 ,sup]vision &
 removal ,subject to section #adjb7;c71 
ea* copyright claims (fic] & ea*        
copyright claims attorney %all be       
sup]vis$ & removable by ! ,libr>ian (   
,congress4  7#d7 ,adm9i/rative support  
,! ,regi/] ( ,copyrights %all provide   
ea* copyright claims (fic] & ea*        
copyright claims attorney ) necess>y    
adm9i/rative support1 includ+           
te*nological facilities1 to c>ry out !  
duties ( su* (fic] & attorney "u ?is    
*apt]4  7#e7 ,location 9 copyright (fice
 ,! (fices & facilities ( ! copyright   
claims (fic]s & copyright claims        
attorneys %all be locat$ at ! ,copyright
 ,(fice4  #adjb4 ,au?ority &            
,responsibilities ( ! ,copyright ,claims
 ,bo>d  7a7 ,copyright claims (fic]     
,subject to ?is *apt] & regulations     
issu$ by ! ,regi/] ( ,copyrights1 !     
duties ( a copyright claims (fic] are z 
foll[s3  7#a7 ,to issue det]m9ations on 
any civil copyright claim1 c\nt]claim1 &

 def5se z may be br\ght be=e ! ,bo>d "u 
?is *apt]1 & to c]tify ! det]m9ations = 
confirmation by ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,di/rict
 ,c\rt = ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia4  7#b7  
,to ensure t a claim1 def5se1 &         
c\nt]claim is prop]ly fil$ & o!rwise    
appropriate = resolution by ! ,bo>d4    
7#c7 ,to manage ! proce$+s ( ! ,bo>d &  
r5d] rul+s relat+ to ! consid]ation ( a 
claim1 def5se1 & c\nt]claim1 includ+    
s*$ul+1 discov]y1 evid5ti>y1 & o!r      
matt]s4  7#d7 ,to reque/ ! production ( 
in=mation & docum5ts relevant to !      
resolution ( a claim1 def5se1 or        
c\nt]claim f a p>ty 9 a proce$+ & f     
o!rs4  7#e7 ,to conduct he>+s &         
conf]5ces4  7#f7 ,to facilitate !       
settlem5t ( any claim or c\nt]claim (   
p>ties4  7#g7 ,to include 9 any         
det]m9ation ( ! ,bo>d a requirem5t =    
cessation or mitigation ( infr++        
activity1 includ+ tak$[n or de/ruction (
 infr++ mat]ials1 :]e ! p>ty to und]take
 su* measures has s agre$4  7#h7 ,to    
provide in=mation to ! public conc]n+ ! 

proc$ures & requirem5ts ( ! ,bo>d1      
includ+ any =m & in/ructional mat]ial4  
7#i7 ,to ma9ta9 a record ( ea* proce$+ (
 ! ,bo>d & make public any det]m9ation 9
 an individual proce$+4  7#aj7 ,to c>ry 
out any o!r duties prescrib$ 9 ?is      
*apt]4  7#aa7 ,:5 n engag$ 9 p]=m+ !    
duties prescrib$ 9 ?is *apt]1 to p]=m   
su* o!r duties z may be assign$ by !    
,regi/] ( ,copyrights4  7b7 ,copyright  
claims attorney ,subject to ?is *apt] & 
regulations issu$ by ! ,regi/] (        
,copyrights1 ! duties ( a copyright     
claims attorney are z foll[s3  7#a7 ,to 
provide assi/ance to ! copyright claims 
(fic]s 9 ! adm9i/ration ( ! duties ( !  
(fic]s "u ?is *apt]4  7#b7 ,to provide  
assi/ance to memb]s ( ! public ) respect
 to ! proc$ures & requirem5ts ( ! ,bo>d4
  7#c7 ,:5 n engag$ 9 p]=m+ ! duties    
prescrib$ 9 ?is *apt]1 to p]=m su* o!r  
duties z may be assign$ by ! ,regi/] (  
,copyrights4  7c7 ,indep5d5ce 9         
det]m9ation  7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,! copyright 
claims (fic]s %all r5d] det]m9ations 9  

individual proce$+s indep5d5tly on !    
basis ( ! records 9 ! proce$+s ( ! ,bo>d
 & 9 accordance ) ! provisions ( ?is    
title1 judicial prec$5t1 & applicable   
regulations ( ! ,regi/] ( ,copyrights4  
7#b7 ,consultation ) ! ,regi/] (        
,copyrights ,! copyright claims (fic]s &
 copyright claims attorneys may consult 
) ! ,regi/] ( ,copyrights on g5]al      
issues ( law1 b1 subject to section     
#adje7y71 n ) respect to ! facts ( any  
p>ticul> matt] p5d+ be=e !m or !        
application ( law !reto4  7#c7 ,p]=mance
 review ,not)/&+ any o!r provision ( law
 or any regulation or policy ( ! ,libr>y
 ( ,congress or ,regi/] ( ,copyrights1  
no p]=mance appraisal ( a copyright     
claims (fic] or copyright claims        
attorney %all consid] ! sub/antive      
result ( any individual det]m9ation     
rea*$ by ! ,bo>d z a basis = appraisal  
except ins(> z x may relate to an actual
 or alleg$ violation ( an e?ical /&>d ( 
conduct4  7d7 ,direction by regi/]      
,subject to subsection 7b71 ! ,regi/] ( 

,copyrights %all direct ea* copyright   
claims (fic] & ea* copyright claims     
attorney 9 ! adm9i/ration ( _!          
respective duties "u ?is *apt]4  7e7    
,inconsi/5t duties b>r$ ,a copyright    
claims (fic] or copyright claims        
attorney may n und]take any duty or     
responsibility t conflicts ) any duty "u
 ?is *apt]4  7f7 ,recusal ,a copyright  
claims (fic] or copyright claims        
attorney %all recuse !mself f           
p>ticipation 9 any proce$+ ) respect to 
:i* ! copyright claims (fic] has reason 
to believe !re is a conflict ( int]e/4  
7g7 ,ex p>te communications ,except z   
o!rwise provid$ by law1 any p>ty proce$+
 be=e ! ,bo>d %all refra9 f ex p>te     
communications ) a copyright claims     
(fic] conc]n+ ! sub/ance ( any proce$+  
be=e ! ,bo>d1 except t a copyright      
claims attorney may provide in=mation & 
assi/ance to p>ties conc]n+ ! proc$ures 
& requirem5ts ( ! ,bo>d4  7h7 ,judicial 
review ,actions ( ! copyright claims    
(fic]s & ! ,regi/] ( ,copyrights "u ?is 

*apt] 9 connection ) ! r5d]+ (          
individual det]m9ations are subject to  
judicial review z provid$ "u section    
#adjg7;b7 & n "u *apt] #g ( title #e4   
#adjc4 ,nature ( ,proce$+s  7a7         
,volunt>y p>ticipation ,p>ticipation 9 a
 ,bo>d proce$+ is on a volunt>y basis 9 
accordance ) ?is *apt]1 & ! "r ( any    
p>ty to in/ead pursue a claim1          
c\nt]claim1 or def5se 9 a ,unit$ ,/ates 
di/rict c\rt or any o!r c\rt1 includ+ a 
jury trial1 is pres]v$4  7b7 ,/atute (  
limitations  7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,no proce$+  
%all be ma9ta9$ be=e ! ,bo>d unless x is
 comm5c$ be=e ! ,bo>d )9 #c ye>s aft] ! 
claim t is ! basis = ! proce$+ accru$4  
7#b7 ,toll+ ,subject to section         
#adjf7;a71 a proce$+ comm5c$ be=e !     
,bo>d %all toll ! "t p]mitt$ "u section 
#ejg7;b7 = comm5cem5t ( an action on !  
same claim 9 a ,f$]al di/rict c\rt dur+ 
! "t x rema9s p5d+4  7c7 ,p]missible    
claims1 c\nt]claims1 & def5ses ,!       
copyright claims (fic]s may r5d]        
det]m9ations ) respect to ! foll[+      

claims1 c\nt]claims1 & def5ses1 subject 
to su* fur!r limitations & requirem5ts1 
includ+ ) respect to p>ticul> classes ( 
works1 z may be set =? 9 regulations    
issu$ by ! ,regi/] ( ,copyrights3  7#a7 
,infr+em5t ,a claim = infr+em5t or a    
decl>ation ( infr+em5t ( an exclusive "r
 ( copyright provid$ "u section #ajf    
ass]t$ by ! legal or b5eficial own] (   
su* exclusive "r at ! "t ( infr+em5t 9  
:i* ! claimant seeks damages1 if any1   
subject to ! limitations describ$ 9     
subsection 7e77#a74  7#b7 ,decl>ation ( 
non9fr+em5t ,a claim = a decl>ation (   
non9fr+em5t ( an exclusive "r (         
copyright provid$ "u section #ajf 9 :i* 
! claimant seeks damages1 if any1       
subject to ! limitations describ$ 9     
subsection 7e77#a7 & 9 :i* an actual    
controv]sy exi/s z evid5c$ by a docum5t$
 ?reat ( legal action aga9/ ! claimant4 
7#c7 ,misrepres5tation2 removal (       
copyright managem5t in=mation ,not)/&+  
any o!r provision ( law1 a claim "u     
section #eab7;f71 except t any rem$y 9 a

 proce$+ be=e ! ,bo>d is limit$ to ^?   
available "u ?is *apt]4  7#d7           
,c\nt]claim ,a c\nt]claim ass]t$ solely 
aga9/ any claimant 9 a proce$+ 9 :i* any
 c\nt]claimant seeks damages1 if any1 )9
 ! limitations set =? 9 subsection      
7e77#a71 & t--  7,a7 arises "u section  
#ajf or #eab7;f71 & out ( ! same        
transaction or occurr5ce t is ! subject 
( a claim ( infr+em5t br\ght "u p>agraph
 7#a71 a claim ( non9fr+em5t "u p>agraph
 7#b71 or a claim ( misrepres5tation or 
a claim ( removal ( copyright managem5t 
in=mation1 "u p>agraph 7#c72 or  7,b7   
arises "u an agreem5t relat+ to ! same  
transaction or occurr5ce t is ! subject 
( a claim ( infr+em5t br\ght "u p>agraph
 7#a7 & c\ld affect ! relief aw>d$ to ! 
claimant4  7#e7 ,def5se ,a legal or     
equitable def5se "u ?is title or o!rwise
 available "u law 9 response to a claim 
or c\nt]claim ass]t$ "u ?is subsection4 
7#f7 ,multiple claims ,a s+le claim or  
multiple claims p]mitt$ "u p>agraph     
7#a71 7#b71 or 7#c7 by "o or m claimants

 aga9/ "o or m respond5ts1 b only if all
 claims ass]t$ 9 any "o proce$+ arise   
out ( ! same alleg$ly infr++ activity or
 a cont9u\s c\rse ( alleg$ infr+em5t & d
 n 9 ! aggregate result 9 a claim =     
damages 9 excess ( ! limitation provid$ 
9 subsection 7e77#a77;,d74  7d7 ,exclud$
 claims ,! foll[+ claims & c\nt]claims  
are n subject to det]m9ation by ! ,bo>d3
 7#a7 ,a claim or c\nt]claim t is n a   
p]missible claim or c\nt]claim "u       
subsection 7c74  7#b7 ,a claim or       
c\nt]claim already p5d+ be=e1 or f9ally 
adjudicat$ by1 a c\rt ( compet5t        
jurisdiction1 unless 9 ! case ( a p5d+  
claim or c\nt]claim1 ! c\rt issues a /ay
 to p]mit su* claim or c\nt]claim to    
proce$ be=e ! ,bo>d4  7#c7 ,a claim or  
c\nt]claim by or aga9/ a ,f$]al or ,/ate
 gov]nm5t entity4  7#d7 ,a claim or     
c\nt]claim ass]t$ aga9/ a p]son or      
entity resid+ outside ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4
  7#e7 ,a claim or c\nt]claim dismiss$  
by ! ,bo>d pursuant to section          
#adje7;f77#c74  7e7 ,p]missible ,rem$ies

  7#a7 ,damages = infr+em5t  7,a7       
,actual & /atutory damages ,subject to !
 limitation on total damages set =? 9   
subp>agraph 7,d71 ) respect to a claim  
or c\nt]claim = infr+em5t ( copyright1 !
 ,bo>d may aw>d--  7i7 actual damages & 
pr(its ( ! infr++ p>ty det]m9$ 9        
accordance ) section #ejd7;b71 :i*      
det]m9ation %all include 9 appropriate  
cases consid]ation ( :e!r ! infr++ p>ty 
has agre$ to cease or mitigate ! infr++ 
activity z provid$ "u p>agraph 7#b72 or 
7ii7 limit$ /atutory damages1 :i* %all  
be det]m9$ 9 accordance ) section       
#ejd7;c71 subject to ! foll[+           
conditions3  7,i7 ,) respect to a "w    
timely regi/]$ z describ$ "u section    
#dab & eligible = an aw>d ( /atutory    
damages "u t section1 /atutory damages  
may n exce$ #ae1jjj p] "w infr+$4       
7,,ii7 ,) respect to a "w n timely      
regi/]$ z describ$ "u section #dab b    
eligible = an aw>d ( /atutory damages "u
 section #adjd7;b71 /atutory damages may
 n exce$ #g1ejj p] "w infr+$1 or a total

 ( #ae1jjj 9 any "o proce$+4  7,,iii7 ,9
 mak+ an aw>d ( /atutory damages1 !     
,bo>d may n make any f9d+ or consid]    
:e!r ! infr+em5t 0 committ$ willfully4  
7,,iv7 ,! ,bo>d may consid]1 z an       
additional factor 9 aw>d+ /atutory      
damages1 :e!r ! infr+] has agre$ to     
cease or mitigate ! infr++ activity "u  
p>agraph 7#b74  7,b7 ,election ( damages
 ,) respect to a claim or c\nt]claim (  
infr+em5t1 ! claimant or c\nt]claimant  
%all1 aft] ! close ( discov]y & 9       
accordance ) ! s*$ule adopt$ by ! ,bo>d 
pursuant to section #adje7k71 elect to  
pursue ei!r actual damages & pr(its or  
/atutory damages "u subp>agraph 7,a74   
7,c7 ,o!r damages ,damages = any claim &
 c\nt]claim1 o!r ?an an infr+em5t claim1
 %all be aw>d$ 9 accordance ) applicable
 law & %all be subject to ! limitation  
set =? 9 subp>agraph 7,d74  7,d7        
,limitation on total damages ,not)/&+   
any o!r provision ( law1 a p>ty :o      
pursues "o or m claims or c\nt]claims 9 
any s+le proce$+ be=e ! ,bo>d may n seek

 or recov] 9 su* proce$+ damages total+ 
m ?an #cj1jjj1 n includ+ any attorneys' 
fees & co/s t may be aw>d$ "u section   
#adje7z77#b74  7#b7 ,agreem5t by p>ty to
 cease infr++ activity ,9 any proce$+ 9 
:i* a p>ty agrees to cease activity     
7includ+ by removal or disabl+ ( access 
to1 or de/ruction (1 mat]ial t is f\nd  
to infr+e7 & ! agreem5t is includ$ 9 !  
record1 ! ,bo>d %all include 9 ! f9al   
det]m9ation a requirem5t t su* p>ty1 if 
f\nd to h infr+$1 cease ! infr++ conduct
 to ! ext5t agre$4  7#c7 ,co/s &        
attorneys' fees ,not)/&+ any o!r        
provision ( law & except z provid$ "u   
section #adje7z77#b71 ea* p>ty to a     
proce$+ be=e ! ,bo>d %all be> ! co/s &  
attorneys' fees ( t p>ty4  #adjd4       
,regi/ration requirem5t  7a7            
,requirem5ts ,to file claim or          
c\nt]claim ,no claim or c\nt]claim      
alleg+ infr+em5t ( an exclusive "r (    
copyright may be ass]t$ be=e ! ,bo>d    
unless ! own] ( ! copyright has fir/    
deliv]$ a complet$ application1 deposit1

 & ! requir$ fee = regi/ration to !     
,copyright ,(fice & ei!r a regi/ration  
c]tificate has be5 issu$ or has n be5   
refus$4  7b7 ,damages ,not)/&+ any o!r  
provision ( law1 a claimant or          
c\nt]claimant 9 a proce$+ be=e ! ,bo>d  
may n recov] actual damages & pr(its or 
limit$ /atutory damages = infr+em5t ( a 
"w "u ?is *apt] unless ! requirem5ts (  
subsection 7a7 h be5 met &--  7#a7 until
 ! ,copyright ,(fices issues a          
regi/ration c]tificate2  7#b7 until !   
regi/ration c]tificate is submitt$ to ! 
,bo>d & made available to ! o!r p>ties  
to ! proce$+ & ! o!r p>ties h be5       
provid$ an opportunity to address !     
issuance ( ! regi/ration c]tificate2    
7#c7 ! proce$+ is n be+ held 9 abeyance 
z describ$ 9 subsection 7c72 &  7#d7 !  
proce$+ has n be dismiss$ )\t prejudice1
 9 ! case ( a proce$+ 9 :i* ! ,bo>d     
receives notice t regi/ration has be5   
refus$ by ! ,copyright ,(fice4  7c7     
,abeyance ,9 ! case ( a proce$+ t _c    
proce$ due to an out/&+ regi/ration     

c]tificate1 ! proce$+ %all be held 9    
abeyance p5d+ submission ( ! c]tificate 
= ! "w to ! ,bo>d1 & if held 9 abeyance 
= m ?an "o ye>1 ! ,bo>d may1 ^u provid+ 
writt5 notice to ! p>ties & #cj days to 
respond1 dismiss ! proce$+ )\t          
prejudice4  7d7 ,presumption ,9 ! case (
 a c]tificate ( regi/ration = a "w t 0  
regi/]$ be=e or )9 five ye>s aft] ! fir/
 publication ( ! "w1 ! presumption      
describ$ 9 section #daj7;c7 %all apply 9
 a proce$+ be=e ! ,bo>d4  #adje4        
,proce$+s  7a7 ,9 g5]al ,proce$+s ( !   
,bo>d %all be conduct$ 9 accordance )   
?is *apt] & regulations issu$ by !      
,regi/] ( ,copyrights4  7b7 ,record ,!  
,bo>d %all ma9ta9 records docum5t+ !    
proce$+s ( ! ,bo>d4  7c7 ,c5traliz$     
process ,! ,bo>d may conduct proce$+s by
 means ( ,int]net-bas$ applications &   
o!r telecommunications facilities1      
except t 9 any case involv+ physical or 
o!r nonte/imonial evid5ce1 ! ,bo>d may  
make alt]native arrangem5ts = !         
submission ( evid5ce if ! arrangem5ts d 

n prejudice ano!r p>ty to ! proce$+4    
7d7 ,repres5tation ,a p>ty to a proce$+ 
be=e ! ,bo>d may be repres5t$ by an     
attorney or a law /ud5t :o is qualifi$  
"u applicable law to repres5t a p>ty on 
a pro bono basis4  7e7 ,comm5cem5t (    
proce$+ ,a claimant may1 subject to su* 
additional requirem5ts z may be         
prescrib$ 9 regulations issu$ by !      
,regi/] ( ,copyrights1 comm5ce a proce$+
 "u ?is section by fil+ a claim ) !     
,bo>d1 t--  7#a7 includes a /atem5t (   
mat]ial facts 9 support ( ! claim2  7#b7
 is c]tifi$ 9 accordance ) subsection   
7z77#a72 &  7#c7 is accompani$ by !     
appropriate fil+ fee prescrib$ 9 su*    
regulations :i*-- 7,a7 may n exce$ ! co/
 ( fil+ an action 9 a ,unit$ ,/ates     
di/rict c\rt2 &  7,b7 %all be e/abli%$  
to fur!r goals ( ! ,bo>d4  7f7 ,review (
 ,claims & ,c\nt]claims  7#a7 ,claims ,a
 copyright claims attorney %all review  
ea* claim fil$ ) ! ,bo>d = compliance ) 
! provisions ( ?is *apt] & applicable   
regulations & take action z foll[s3     

7,a7 ,compliant claim ,if ! copyright   
claims attorney f9ds t a claim complies 
"u ?is section ! attorney %all notify ! 
claimant t ! claimant may s]ve notice "u
 subsection 7h74  7,b7 ,noncompliant    
claim ,if ! copyright claims attorney   
f9ds t a claim does n comply "u ?is     
section1 ! attorney %all notify !       
claimant t ! claim is defici5t & t !    
claimant may file an am5d$ claim n lat] 
?an #cj days aft] ! date ( su* notice   
)\t pay+ an additional fil+ fee4  7,c7  
,compliant am5d$ claim ,if ! claimant   
files a compliant am5d$ claim )9 ! p]iod
 ( "t describ$ "u subp>agraph 7,b71 !   
copyright claims attorney %all notify ! 
claimant t ! claimant may proce$ "u     
subp>agraph 7,a74  7,d7 ,noncompliant   
am5d$ claim ,if ! claimant files a      
noncompliant am5d$ claim )9 ! p]iod ( "t
 describ$ "u subp>agraph 7,b71 !        
copyright claims attorney %all notify ! 
claimant "u subp>agraph 7,b74  7,e7     
,compliant second am5d$ claim ,if !     
claimant files a compliant second am5d$ 

claim )9 ! p]iod ( "t describ$ "u       
subp>agraph 7,b71 ! copyright claims    
attorney %all notify ! claimant t !     
claimant may proce$ "u subp>agraph 7,a74
  7,f7 ,noncompliant second am5d$ claim 
,if ! claimant files a noncompliant     
second am5d$ claim )9 ! p]iod ( "t      
describ$ "u subp>agraph 7,b71 ! ,bo>d   
%all dismiss ! proce$+ )\t prejudice4   
7,g7 ,claim n timely fil$ ,! ,bo>d %all 
dismiss )\t prejudice any proce$+ 9 :i* 
a compliant claim is n timely fil$4     
7,h7 ,claim aga9/ an onl9e s]vice       
provid] ,= purposes ( ?is p>agraph1 !   
,bo>d %all-- 7i7 consid] a claim aga9/  
an onl9e s]vice provid] = infr+em5t by  
reason ( ! /orage1 at ! direction ( a   
us]1 ( mat]ial resid+ on a sy/em or     
network controll$ or op]at$ by ! s]vice 
provid] t may be subject to section     
#eab7;c71 or by reason ( ! s]vice       
provid] ref]r+ or l9k+ us]s to an onl9e 
location conta9+ infr++ mat]ial t may be
 subject to ! provisions ( section      
#eab7;d71 noncompliant unless ! claimant

 affirms 9 ! /atem5t requir$ "u         
subsection 7e77#a7 t ! claimant has     
previ\sly notifi$ ! s]vice provid] ( !  
claim$ infr+em5t 9 accordance ) section 
#eab7;c77#c7 & ! s]vice provid] fail$ to
 remove or disable access to ! mat]ial  
)9 #e bus9ess days aft] ! date ( su*    
notice2 &  7ii7 if a claim is f\nd to be
 noncompliant "u clause 7i71 provide !  
claimant ) in=mation conc]n+ ! s]vice ( 
a notice pursuant to section            
#eab7;c77#c74  7#b7 ,c\nt]claim ,a      
c\nt]claim %all be treat$ 9 ! same mann]
 z a claim "u p>agraph 7#a7 except t ea*
 notice %all be s]v$ on ! all o!r       
p>ties4  7#c7 ,dismissal = good cause   
,if1 ^u review+ a claim or c\nt]claim 9 
a p>ticul> proce$+1 ! ,bo>d det]m9es t !
 claim or c\nt]claim is unsuitable =    
det]m9ation by ! ,bo>d due to a failure 
to jo9 a necess>y p>ty1 ! lack ( an     
ess5tial witness1 evid5ce1 exp]t        
te/imony1 or = o!r good cause1 ! ,bo>d  
%all dismiss ! proce$+ )\t prejudice4   
7g7 ,pro( ( s]vice ,to proce$ ) a claim 

aga9/ a respond5t1 a claimant mu/ file )
 ! ,bo>d pro( ( s]vice ( ! notice       
describ$ 9 subsection 7h7 on ! respond5t
 n lat] ?an #ij days aft] ! date on :i* 
! claimant receives notice to proce$ "u 
subsection 7f77#a77;,a74  7h7 ,s]vice ( 
notice & claims ,s]vice on a respond5t  
by a claimant is valid only if !        
claimant causes notice ( ! proce$+ & a  
copy ( ! claim to be s]v$ on !          
respond5t1 ei!r by p]sonal s]vice or    
pursuant to a waiv] ( p]sonal s]vice1 z 
prescrib$ 9 regulations issu$ by !      
,regi/] ( ,copyrights4 ,ea* su* notice  
%all be 9 accordance ) ! foll[+3  7#a7  
,! notice %all adh]e to a prescrib$ =m t
 describes ! ,bo>d "u section #adja & a 
proce$+ "u section #adjc1 ! respond5t's 
"r to opt out "u subsection 7i71 & !    
consequ5ces ( opt+ out & n opt+ out4    
7#b7 ,! copy ( ! claim s]v$ on !        
respond5t %all be z ! claim 0 fil$ ) !  
,bo>d4  7#c7 ,p]sonal s]vice ( a notice 
& claim may only be made by an          
individual :o is n a p>ty to ! proce$+ &

 is at lea/ #ah ye>s ( age4  7#d7 ,an   
individual1 o!r ?an a m9or or incompet5t
 individual1 may be s]v$ by-- 7,a7 a    
proc$ure "u ,/ate law = s]v+ a summons 9
 an action br\ght 9 a c\rt ( g5]al      
jurisdiction 9 ! ,/ate :]e s]vice is    
made2 or  7,b7 any ( ! foll[+3 7i7      
,deliv]+ ! notice & a copy ( ! claim to 
! individual p]sonally4  7ii7 ,leav+ !  
notice & a copy ( ! claim at !          
individual's dwell+ or usual place (    
abode ) someone ( suitable age &        
discretion :o resides !re4  7iii7       
,deliv]+ ! notice & a copy ( ! claim to 
an ag5t au?oriz$ by appo9tm5t or by law 
to receive s]vice ( process4  7#e7 ,a   
corporation1 p>tn]%ip1 or un9corporat$  
association t is subject to suit 9 c\rts
 ( g5]al jurisdiction "u a common "n may
 be s]v$ by--  7,a7 a proc$ure "u ,/ate 
law = s]v+ a summons 9 an action br\ght 
9 c\rts ( g5]al jurisdiction 9 ! ,/ate  
:]e s]vice is made2 or  7,b7 deliv]+ !  
notice & a copy ( ! claim to an (fic]1 a
 manag+ or g5]al ag5t1 or any o!r ag5cy 

au?oriz$ by appo9tm5t or by law to      
receive s]vice ( process 9 an action    
br\ght 9 c\rts ( g5]al jurisdiction &1  
if ! ag5t is au?oriz$ by ,/ate /atute & 
! /atute s requires1 by also mail+ a    
copy ( ! notice & a copy ( ! claim to ! 
respond5t4  7#f7 ,9 ord] to reque/ a    
waiv] ( p]sonal s]vice1 a claimant may  
notify a respond5t by fir/-class mail or
 o!r reliable means t a proce$+ has be5 
comm5c$1 z foll[s3  7,a7 ,any su* reque/
 %all-- 7i7 be 9 writ+ & address$ to !  
individual respond5t2  7ii7 include !   
notice & a copy ( ! claim z fil$2  7iii7
 include #b copies ( a prescrib$ =m =   
waiv] ( p]sonal s]vice2 &  7iv7 include 
a prepaid or co/less means ( return+ !  
=m4  7,b7 ,! reque/ %all /ate ! date on 
:i* ! reque/ 0 s5t & provide ! respond5t
 #cj days aft] su* date to return #a    
copy ( ! sign$ waiv]1 :i* %all con/itute
 pro( ( s]vice = purposes ( fil+ "u     
subsection 7g7 & ?is subsection4  7#g7  
,a respond5t's waiv] ( p]sonal s]vice   
%all n con/itute a waiv] ( ! respond5t's

 "r to opt out ( ! proce$+ "u subsection
 7i74  7#h7 ,a respond5t :o waives      
p]sonal s]vice & does n opt out "u      
subsection 7i7 %all be p]mitt$ an       
additional #cj days beyond ! am\nt ( "t 
normally p]mitt$ "u ! applicable        
proc$ures ( ! ,bo>d to submit a         
sub/antive response to ! claim1 includ+ 
any def5se or c\nt]claim4  7#i7 ,a m9or 
or an incompet5t individual may only be 
s]v$ by a proc$ure "u applicable ,/ate  
law = s]v+ a summons or o!r process on  
su* an individual 9 an action br\ght 9 !
 c\rts ( g5]al jurisdiction ( ! ,/ate 9 
:i* s]vice is made4  7#aj7 ,s]vice or   
waiv] ( p]sonal s]vice "u ?is subsection
 may only be made )9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4   
7i7 ,opt-,out proc$ure ,a respond5t may 
opt out ( a proce$+ "u ?is section n    
lat] ?an #fj days aft] ! date ( s]vice  
"u subsection 7h7 by transmitt+ writt5  
notice !re( to ! ,bo>d1 9 accordance )  
regulations issu$ by ! ,regi/] (        
,copyrights4 ,if ! respond5t--  7#a7    
does n opt out1 ! proce$+ %all cont9ue &

 ! respond5t %all be b\nd by !          
det]m9ation "u section #adjf7;a7 or     
subsection 7u72 or  7#b7 opts out1 !    
proce$+ %all be dismiss$ )\t prejudice4 
7j7 ,s]vice ( o!r docum5ts ,docum5ts    
submitt$ or reli$ ^u 9 ! proce$+ %all be
 s]v$ 9 accordance ) regulations issu$  
by ! ,regi/] ( ,copyrights4  7k7 ,s*$ul+
 ,! ,bo>d %all issue a s*$ule1 :i* may  
be am5d$ by ! ,bo>d = good cause1 = ea* 
proce$+ "u ?is *apt]4  7l7 ,no =mal     
motion practice ,!re %all be no =mal    
motion practice 9 a ,bo>d proce$+4  7m7 
,conf]5ces ,at ! reque/ ( a p>ty or at !
 discretion ( a copyright claims (fic]1 
"o or m copyright claims (fic]s may hold
 a conf]5ce ) ! p>ties on ! record to   
address matt]s 9 a proce$+ includ+ case 
managem5t & discov]y issues1 b n issues 
( fact or law4  7n7 ,p>ty submissions ,!
 ,bo>d may reque/ or p]mit ! p>ties to  
make submissions reg>d+ relevant        
que/ions ( fact or law4  7o7 ,discov]y  
7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,discov]y %all be limit$1 
pursuant to regulations issu$ by !      

,regi/] ( ,copyrights1 to ! foll[+3     
7,a7 ,production ( relevant in=mation & 
docum5ts4  7,b7 ,writt5 int]rogatories4 
7,c7 ,writt5 reque/s = admissions4  7#b7
 ,special reque/s ,! ,bo>d may--  7,a7  
reque/ specific in=mation & docum5ts f  
p>ties to ! proce$+ or o!rs2 or  7,b7 ^u
 reque/ ( a p>ty & = good cause %[n1    
approve additional limit$ discov]y4     
7#c7 ,adv]se inf]5ce ,aft] provid+      
notice & an opportunity to respond1 & ^u
 good cause %[n1 ! ,bo>d may apply an   
adv]se inf]5ce reg>d+ disput$ facts     
aga9/ a p>ty :o has fail$ to timely     
provide discov]y mat]ials 9 response to 
a prop] reque/ = relevant mat]ials4  7p7
 ,evid5ce ,! ,bo>d may consid] ! foll[+ 
types ( evid5ce 9 a proce$+1 :i* may be 
admitt$ )\t application ( =mal rules (  
evid5ce3  7#a7 ,nonte/imonial evid5ce   
,docum5t>y & o!r nonte/imonial evid5ce t
 is relevant to any claim1 c\nt]claim1  
or def5se 9 a proce$+4  7#b7 ,te/imonial
 evid5ce ,te/imonial evid5ce t is-- 7,a7
 submitt$ "u p5alty ( p]jury & 9        

accordance ) subsection 7q72  7,b7      
limit$ to writt5 /atem5ts ( ! p>ties &  
witnesses2 &  7,c7 relevant to any      
claim1 c\nt]claim1 & def5se 9 a proce$+4
  7#c7 ,special evid5ce ,9 exceptional  
cases & = good cause %[n1 exp]t witness 
or o!r =ms ( te/imony4  7q7 ,he>+s ,!   
,bo>d may conduct a he>+ to receive oral
 pres5tations on issues ( fact or law f 
p>ties & witnesses to a proce$+ 9       
accordance ) ! foll[+ proc$ures3  7#a7  
,any he>+ %all be not$ on ! record ( !  
proce$+ & may be record$ or transcrib$4 
7#b7 ,a record+ or transcript ( a he>+  
%all be provid$ to any copyright claims 
(fic] :o does n att5d a he>+4  7r7      
,volunt>y dismissal  7#a7 ,by claimant  
,^u writt5 reque/ ( a claimant t is     
receiv$ prior to a respond5t's fil+ ( a 
response to a claim1 ! ,bo>d %all       
dismiss1 )\t prejudice1 a claim1 a      
respond5t1 or ! entire proce$+4  7#b7   
,by c\nt]claimant ,^u writt5 reque/ ( a 
c\nt]claimant receiv$ prior to a        
claimant's fil+ ( a response to a       

c\nt]claim1 ! ,bo>d %all dismiss !      
c\nt]claim )\t prejudice4  7s7          
,settlem5t ,dur+ ! p5d5cy ( any proce$+ 
"u ?is *apt]1 "s or all ( ! p>ties may--
 7#a7 jo9tly reque/ a conf]5ce ) a      
copyright claims (fic] = ! purpose (    
facilitat+ settlem5t discussions2 or    
7#b7 submit to ! ,bo>d-- 7,a7 an        
agreem5t provid+ = settlem5t & dismissal
 ( "o or m ( ! claims & c\nt]claims 9 ! 
proce$+2 or  7,b7 a reque/ t ! ,bo>d    
adopt "s or all ( ! t]ms ( ! p>ties'    
settlem5t "u subp>agraph 7,a7 9 a f9al  
det]m9ation4  7t7 ,f9d+s2 /&>d ( pro(   
,subject to subsection 7o77#c71 ! ,bo>d 
%all make f9d+s bas$ ^u a prepond]ance (
 ! evid5ce4  7u7 ,f9al det]m9ations     
7#a7 ,nature & cont5ts ,a f9al          
det]m9ation issu$ by ! ,bo>d 9 a proce$+
 %all-- 7,a7 require ! cons5sus ( a     
majority ( ! copyright claims (fic]s    
presid+ ov] ! proce$+2  7,b7 be 9 writ+ 
& include an explanation ( ! und]ly+    
factual & legal bases = ! det]m9ation2  
7,c7 pursuant to section #adjc7;e77#b71 

set =? any t]ms by :i* a respond5t or   
c\nt]claim respond5t has agre$ to cease 
infr++ activity2  7,d7 set =? ! t]ms (  
any settlem5t to ! ext5t reque/$ by !   
p>ties "u subsection 7s72 &  7,e7       
include a cle> /atem5t ( all damages &  
o!r relief aw>d$4  7#b7 ,diss5t ,a      
copyright claims (fic] :o diss5ts f a   
decision conta9$ 9 a det]m9ation may    
app5d a /atem5t sett+ =? ! gr\nds = su* 
diss5t4  7#c7 ,onl9e publication ,!     
,bo>d %all publi% all f9al det]m9ations 
on a publicly accessible ,web site      
ma9ta9$ by ! ,bo>d4  7v7 ,default by    
respond5t ,if a respond5t fails to appe>
 or ceases to p>ticipate 9 a proce$+ "u 
?is *apt]1 su* z by fail+ to meet "o or 
m deadl9es or requirem5ts set =? 9 !    
s*$ule adopt$ by ! ,bo>d "u subsection  
7k71 )\t ju/ifiable cause1 ! ,bo>d may  
issue a default det]m9ation1 9          
accordance ) regulations issu$ by !     
,regi/] ( ,copyrights & ! foll[+3  7#a7 
,review ( claimant's evid5ce ,! ,bo>d   
%all review ! relevant evid5ce & o!r    

in=mation 9 support ( ! claim & any     
ass]t$ damages &1 ^u review ( su*       
evid5ce & any o!r reque/$ submissions f 
! claimant1 issue a default det]m9ation 
"u subsection 7u74  7#b7 ,default       
det]m9ation  7,a7 ,prep>ation & notice  
,if ! ,bo>d f9ds = ! claimant "u        
p>agraph 7#a71 ! ,bo>d %all prep>e a    
default det]m9ation & provide a copy &  
writt5 notice !re( to ! respond5t at ea*
 address1 includ+ ea* email address1    
includ$ 9 ! records ( ! ,bo>d4  7,b7 ,"t
 to cure default ,! notice "u           
subp>agraph 7,a7 %all /ate t ! respond5t
 may submit evid5ce & o!r in=mation 9   
opposition to ! propos$ det]m9ation n   
lat] ?an ! #cj days aft] ! date on :i* !
 notice is s5t4  7#c7 ,claimant responds
 to notice ( default ,if ! respond5t    
responds to ! notice "u p>agraph        
7#b77;,a7 )9 ! p]iod ( "t describ$ "u   
p>agraph 7#b77;,b71 ! ,bo>d %all consid]
 respond5t's submissions &1 aft] all[+ !
 o!r p>ties to address su* submissions--
  7,a7 am5d ! default det]m9ation2 or   

7,b7 ent] a f9al det]m9ation subject to 
section #adjg7;b74  7#d7 ,claimant fails
 to respond to notice ( default ,if !   
respond5t fails to respond to ! notice  
provid$ "u p>agraph 7#b71 ! ,bo>d %all  
issue ! default det]m9ation z a f9al    
det]m9ation1 subject to section         
#adjg7;b74  7w7 ,failure ,to proce$ by  
claimant or c\nt]claimant  7#a7 ,failure
 to complete s]vice ,if a claimant or   
c\nt]claimant fails to complete s]vice  
on a respond5t )9 ! "t provid$ "u       
subsection 7h71 ! respond5t %all be     
dismiss$ f ! proce$+ )\t prejudice4 ,if 
a claimant fails to complete s]vice on  
all respond5ts )9 su* "t1 ! proce$+ %all
 be dismiss$ by ! ,bo>d )\t prejudice4  
7#b7 ,failure to prosecute ,if a        
claimant fails to proce$ 9 a proce$+ "u 
?is *apt]1 su* z by any failure to meet 
"o or m deadl9es or requirem5ts set =? 9
 ! s*$ule adopt$ by ! ,bo>d pursuant to 
subsection 7k71 )\t ju/ifiable cause1 ! 
,bo>d %all issue a f9al det]m9ation "u  
subsection 7u7 dismiss+ any relevant    

claim or c\nt]claim 7& aw>d+ (          
attorneys' fees & co/s if appropriate "u
 subsection 7z77 & provide a copy &     
writt5 notice !re( to ! claimant or     
c\nt]claimant at ea* address1 includ+   
ea* email address1 includ$ 9 ! records (
 ! ,bo>d4  7x7 ,reconsid]ation  7#a7    
,reque/ = reconsid]ation ,a p>ty may1 n 
lat] ?an #ad days aft] ! date on :i* !  
,bo>d issues a f9al det]m9ation1 submit 
a writt5 reque/ = reconsid]ation (1 or  
am5dm5t to1 ! det]m9ation on ! basis (  
an alleg$ error4 ,! reque/ %all id5tify 
! alleg$ error ( proc$ure1 law1 or fact 
mat]ial to ! outcome4  7#b7 ,det]m9ation
 ,aft] provid+ ! o!r p>ties an          
opportunity to address a reque/ "u      
p>agraph 7#a71 ! ,bo>d %all respond by  
ei!r d5y+ ! reque/ or issu+ an am5d$    
f9al det]m9ation4  7y7 ,review by       
,regi/] ( ,copyrights  7#a7 ,reque/ =   
review ,a p>ty :o has be5 d5i$          
reconsid]ation ( a f9al det]m9ation by !
 ,bo>d may reque/ review ( ! d5ial by ! 
,regi/] ( ,copyrights n lat] ?an #ad    

days aft] ! date ( ! d5ial 9 accordance 
) regulations issu$ by ! ,regi/] (      
,copyrights1 :i* %all provide = a       
reasonable fil+ fee4  7#b7 ,/&>d (      
review ,a review "u p>agraph 7#a7 %all  
be limit$ to consid]ation ( :e!r ! ,bo>d
 abus$ its discretion 9 d5y+            
reconsid]ation4  7#c7 ,decision ,aft]   
provid+ ! o!r p>ties ) an opportunity to
 address ! reque/ "u p>agraph 7#a71 !   
,regi/] %all respond by d5y+ ! reque/ or
 rem&+ ! proce$+ to ! ,bo>d =           
reconsid]ation ( issues id5tifi$ 9 !    
rem& & ! issuance ( an am5d$ f9al       
det]m9ation4 ,! am5d$ f9al det]m9ation  
%all n be subject to fur!r consid]ation 
or review o!r ?an pursuant to section   
#adjg4  7z7 ,conduct ( p>ties &         
attorneys  7#a7 ,c]tification ,ea*      
p>ticipant 9 a proce$+ "u ?is *apt] %all
 c]tify ! accuracy & tru?fulness ( any  
/atem5t made be=e ! ,bo>d "u regulations
 issu$ by ! ,regi/] ( ,copyrights4  7#b7
 ,bad fai? ,9 any f9al det]m9ation issu$
 "u subsection 7u71 ! ,bo>d may aw>d1 to

 ea* adv]sely affect$ p>ty1 reasonable  
co/s & attorneys' fees n to exce$ a     
total ( #e1jjj 7#b1ejj 9 ! case ( a p>ty
 t proce$s pro se7 if--  7,a7 ! ,bo>d   
f9ds t a p>ty to ! proce$+ pursu$ a     
claim1 c\nt]claim1 or def5se = an       
improp] purpose or )\t reasonable basis 
9 law or fact2 or  7,b7 a claim or      
c\nt]claim 9 ! proce$+ is dismiss$ =    
failure to prosecute "u subsection      
7w77#b74  7aa7 ,special rule = claims ( 
#e1jjj or less ,not)/&+ any?+ to !      
contr>y 9 ?is *apt]1 ! ,regi/] (        
,copyrights may issue regulations to    
provide = ! disposition ( any claim 9   
:i* ! total damages is #e1jjj or less   
7exclusive ( attorneys' fees & co/s7--  
7#a7 t provide = "o copyright claims    
(fic] to consid] & issue a det]m9ation )
 reg>d to ! claim2 &  7#b7 = :i* a      
copyright claims attorney %all review ! 
claim & det]m9e :e!r ! case %all be he>d
 by "o (fic] or ! ,bo>d4  #adjf4 ,effect
 ( proce$+  7a7 ,e/oppel ,subject to    
subsections 7x7 & 7y7 ( section #adje & 

section #adjg7;b71 a p>ty to a proce$+  
"u ?is *apt] 9 :i* ! ,bo>d has issu$ a  
f9al det]m9ation may n ass]t1 9 any     
proce$+1 be=e any c\rt or tribunal1 any 
claim or c\nt]claim ass]t$ & resolv$ by 
! f9al det]m9ation4 ,! f9al det]m9ation 
may be cit$ or reli$ ^u 9 a future      
proce$+ except t--  7#a7 a f9al         
det]m9ation ( ! ,bo>d may n preclude    
litigation or relitigation betwe5 ! same
 or diff]5t p>ties be=e any c\rt or     
tribunal ( ! same or simil> issues (    
fact or law 9 connection ) a diff]5t    
claim or c\nt]claim n ass]t$ & f9ally   
det]m9$ by ! det]m9ation ( ! ,bo>d2     
7#b7 a det]m9ation ( own]%ip ( a        
copyright$ "w = purposes ( resolv+ a    
proce$+ be=e ! ,bo>d may n be reli$ ^u1 
& %all h no preclusive effect1 9 any    
action or proce$+ be=e a c\rt or        
tribunal1 includ+ ! ,bo>d2 &  7#c7 a    
f9al det]m9ation may n be cit$ or reli$ 
^u z legal prec$5t 9 any o!r action or  
proce$+ be=e any c\rt or tribunal1      
includ+ ! ,bo>d1 o!r ?an z p]mitt$ "u   

?is subsection & section #adjg4  7b7    
,o!r mat]ials 9 proce$+ ,except z       
p]mitt$ "u ?is section & section #adjg1 
a submission or /atem5t ( a p>ty or     
witness made 9 connection ) a proce$+   
be=e ! ,bo>d1 includ+ a proce$+ t is    
dismiss$1 %all n be cit$ or reli$ ^u 91 
or s]ve z ! basis (1 any action or      
proce$+ "u ?is title be=e any c\rt or   
tribunal1 includ+ ! ,bo>d4  7c7 ,section
 #eab7;g7 ,not)/&+ any o!r provision (  
law1 ! comm5cem5t ( a proce$+ by a      
claimant t is br\ght be=e ! ,bo>d aga9/ 
a subscrib] ( a s]vice provid] 9 :i* !  
claimant seeks a decl>ation ( infr+em5t 
conc]n+ mat]ial t has be5 remov$ or to  
:i* access has be5 disabl$ by ! s]vice  
provid] 9 response to a notification (  
claim$ infr+em5t by ! claimant pursuant 
to section #eab7;c77#a77;,c7 %all be a  
basis to preclude ! replacem5t ( su*    
mat]ial by ! s]vice provid] pursuant to 
section #eab7;g7 if notice ( !          
comm5cem5t ( ! ,bo>d proce$+ is provid$ 
by ! claimant to ! s]vice provid]'s     

designat$ ag5t n less ?an #aj & n m ?an 
#ad bus9ess days foll[+ receipt ( a     
c\nt]notification by ! s]vice provid]   
pursuant to section #eab7;g74  7d7 ,/ay 
( di/rict c\rt proce$+s ,a di/rict c\rt 
%all ord] a /ay ( proce$+s or su* o!r   
relief z ! c\rt det]m9es to be          
appropriate ) respect to any claim      
br\ght be=e ! c\rt t is ! subject ( a   
p5d+ proce$+ be=e ! ,bo>d4  7e7 ,failure
 ,to ass]t c\nt]claim ,! failure or     
inability to ass]t a c\nt]claim 9 a     
proce$+ be=e ! ,bo>d %all n preclude !  
ass]tion ( ! c\nt]claim 9 a subsequ5t   
c\rt action or proce$+ be=e ! ,bo>d4    
7f7 ,opt-,out or dismissal ( p>ty ,if a 
p>ty has timely opt$ out ( a proce$+ "u 
section #adje7;i7 or is dismiss$ f a    
proce$+ be=e ! ,bo>d issues a f9al      
det]m9ation 9 ! proce$+1 ! f9al         
det]m9ation %all n be b9d+ ^u & %all h  
no preclusive effect ) respect to t     
p>ty4  #adjg4 ,confirmation or review by
 di/rict c\rt  7a7 ,confirmation by     
di/rict c\rt  7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,9 any      

proce$+ 9 :i* a p>ty fails to pay       
damages or o!rwise comply ) ! relief    
aw>d$ 9 a f9al det]m9ation ( ! ,bo>d1 ! 
aggriev$ p>ty may petition ! ,unit$     
,/ates ,di/rict ,c\rt = ! ,di/rict (    
,columbia1 or any o!r ,f$]al di/rict    
c\rt ( compet5t jurisdiction1 = an ord] 
confirm+ ! relief aw>d$ n lat] ?an #a   
ye> aft] ! late/ (--  7,a7 ! date on :i*
 ! ,bo>d issu$ ! f9al det]m9ation "u    
section #adje7u72  7,b7 ! date on :i* ! 
,bo>d d5ies reconsid]ation "u section   
#adje7x72  7,c7 ! date on :i* ! ,regi/] 
( ,copyrights d5ies review "u section   
#adje7y72 or  7,d7 ! date on :i* ! ,bo>d
 issues an am5d$ f9al det]m9ation "u    
subsection 7x7 or subsection 7y7 (      
section #adje4  7#b7 ,relief ,! ,c\rt   
%all grant an ord] "u subsection 7a7 &  
direct entry ( judgm5t unless !         
det]m9ation is vacat$1 modifi$1 or      
correct$ z p]mitt$ "u subsection 7b74 ,!
 judgm5t %all be docket$ z if issu$ 9 an
 action 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,di/rict ,c\rt
 = ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 or any o!r   

,f$]al c\rt ( compet5t jurisdiction1 &  
%all be subject to all ! provisions (   
law relat+ to1 & ( ! same =ce & effect z
 if ! judgm5t _h be5 r5d]$ 91 an action 
9 ! jurisdiction4  7#c7 ,fil+ proc$ures 
7,a7 ,notice ( fil+ ,notice ( ! petition
 = confirmation ( a det]m9ation ( !     
,bo>d & entry ( judgm5t %all be provid$ 
to ea* p>ty to ! proce$+ be=e ! ,bo>d1 9
 accordance ) ! proc$ures applicable to 
s]vice ( a motion 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates     
,di/rict ,c\rt4 ,if a p>ty to be s]v$ is
 a nonresid5t1 !n notice ( ! petition   
%all be s]v$ by ! m>%al ( any di/rict )9
 :i* su* p>ty may be f\nd 9 ! same mann]
 z o!r process ( ! c\rt4  7,b7 ,cont5t (
 fil+ ,! petition %all include a c]tifi$
 & dat$ copy ( ! det]m9ation ( ! ,bo>d &
 a decl>ation by ! petition]1 "u p5alty 
( p]jury1 t x is a true & correct copy (
 su* det]m9ation & ! date x 0 issu$4    
7b7 ,*all5ges to a det]m9ation  7#a7    
,bases = *all5ge ,n lat] ?an #ij days   
aft] ! date ( issuance ( a f9al         
det]m9ation by ! ,bo>d1 a p>ty to !     

relevant proce$+ may petition ! ,unit$  
,/ates ,c\rt = ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia = 
an ord] vacat+1 modify+1 or correct+ !  
f9al det]m9ation on ! gr\nds t--  7,a7 !
 f9al det]m9ation 0 issu$ z a result (  
fraud1 corruption1 or z a result (      
misconduct or undue means2  7,b7 ! ,bo>d
 exce$$ ! au?ority ( ! ,bo>d2  7,c7 !   
,bo>d s imp]fectly execut$ ! duties ( ! 
,bo>d t ! f9al det]m9ation 0 nei!r f9al 
nor def9ite reg>d+ ! matt] ( controv]sy2
 or  7,d7 ! ,bo>d issu$ a default       
det]m9ation or det]m9ation bas$ on      
failure to prosecute & ! default or     
failure 0 due to excusable neglect4     
7#b7 ,proc$ure to *all5ge  7,a7 ,notice 
( fil+ ,notice ( ! petition to *all5ge a
 det]m9ation ( ! ,bo>d %all be provid$  
to ea* p>ty to ! proce$+ be=e ! ,bo>d1 9
 accordance ) ! proc$ures applicable to 
s]vice ( a motion 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates     
,di/rict ,c\rt = ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia4
 ,if a p>ty to be s]v$ is a nonresid5t1 
!n notice ( ! application %all be s]v$  
by ! m>%al ( any di/rict )9 :i* su* p>ty

 may be f\nd 9 ! same mann] z o!r       
process ( ! c\rt4  7,b7 ,cont5t ( fil+  
,! petition %all include a c]tifi$ &    
dat$ copy ( ! det]m9ation ( ! ,bo>d & a 
decl>ation by ! petition]1 "u p5alty (  
p]jury1 t x is a true & correct copy (  
su* det]m9ation & ! date x 0 issu$1 & ! 
basis = *all5ge "u p>agraph 7#a74 ,= !  
purposes ( ! application1 any judge :o  
has ! au?ority to ord] a /ay ( !        
proce$+s 9 an action br\ght 9 ! same    
c\rt may make an ord]1 to be s]v$ ) !   
notice ( application1 /ay+ proce$+s to  
en=ce ! aw>d4  #adjh4 ,ref]ral ( ,cases 
by ,di/rict ,c\rts  7a7 ,co/s &         
attorneys' fees ,9 any case be=e a      
,unit$ ,/ates di/rict c\rt 9 :i* ! c\rt 
is consid]+ :e!r to aw>d co/s or        
attorneys' fees to a prevail+ p>ty "u   
section #eje1 ! di/rict c\rt may        
consid]1 among o!r relevant factors1    
:e!r ! nonprevail+ p>ty _h ! option &   
c\ld h *os5 to proce$ be=e ! ,bo>d      
in/ead ( ! di/rict c\rt4  7b7           
,alt]native dispute resolution process  

,! ,bo>d %all qualify z an alt]native   
dispute resolution process "u section   
#fea ( title #bh = purposes ( ref]ral ( 
eligible cases ^u cons5t ( ! p>ties by  
,unit$ ,/ates di/rict c\rts4  #adji4    
,def9itions ,9 ?is *apt]3 7#a7 ,p>ty ,! 
t]m p>ty ref]s to bo? a p>ty & ! p>ty's 
attorney1 z applicable4  7#b7 ,p]son ,! 
t]m p]son 7includ+ 8 & h]7 ref]s to bo? 
an individual & an entity t is am5able  
to legal process "u applicable law4     
7#c7 ,s]vice provid] ,! t]m s]vice      
provid] has ! mean+ giv5 t t]m 9 section
 #eab7k74  #adaj4 ,fund+  7a7 ,deposit (
 fees ,any fee receiv$ by ! ,copyright  
,(fice "u ?is title %all be deposit$ by 
! ,regi/] & cr$it$ to ! appropriations =
 necess>y exp5ses ( ! ,(fice 9          
accordance ) subsection 7d7 ( section   
#gjh4  7b7 ,fund+ ,!re are au?oriz$ to  
be appropriat$ su* sums z may be        
necess>y to pay ! co/s incurr$ by !     
,copyright ,(fice t are n cov]$ by fees 
collect$ = s]vices r5d]$ "u ?is *apt]1  
includ+ ! co/s ( e/abli%+ & ma9ta9+ !   

,bo>d & ! facilities ( ! ,bo>d4  4  7b7 
,cl]ical am5dm5t ,! table ( *apt]s =    
title #ag1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 is am5d$
 by add+ aft] ! item relat+ to *apt] #ac
 ! foll[+ new item3  #ad4;,copyright    
,claims ,bo>d#adja  4  7c7              
,implem5tation by ,copyright ,(fice     
7#a7 ,regulations ,n lat] ?an #ij days  
aft] ! date ( ! enactm5t ( ?is ,act1 !  
,regi/] ( ,copyrights %all issue        
regulations necess>y to c>ry out *apt]  
#ad ( title #ag1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 z 
add$ by subsection 7a74  7#b7 ,necess>y 
facilities ,! ,regi/] ( ,copyrights may 
ent] into a contract ) an appropriate   
entity to e/abli% ,int]net-bas$         
teleconf]5c+ or o!r facilities necess>y 
to c>ry out ! am5dm5t made by subsection
 7a74  7#c7 ,report ,n lat] ?an #c ye>s 
aft] ! date on :i* ! ,copyright ,claims 
,bo>d1 issues ! fir/ det]m9ation "u     
section #adje7u7 ( title #ag ,unit$     
,/ates ,code1 z add$ by subsection 7a71 
! ,regi/] ( ,copyrights %all submit to  
,congress a report on ! foll[+3  7,a7 ,!

 use & efficacy ( ! ,copyright ,claims  
,bo>d 9 resolv+ copyright claims4  7,b7 
,:e!r adju/m5ts to ! au?ority ( !       
,copyright ,claims ,bo>d1 includ+       
eligible claims1 works1 & applicable    
damages limitations1 are necess>y or    
advisable4  7,c7 ,:e!r great] all[ance  
%\ld be made to p]mit aw>ds ( attorneys'
 fees & co/s to prevail+ p>ties1 includ+
 pot5tial limitations on su* aw>ds1 9   
proce$+s "u ?is *apt]4  7,d7 ,pot5tial  
me*anisms to assi/ copyright own]s )    
small claims 9 asc]ta9+ ! id5tity &     
location ( unkn[n onl9e infr+]s4  7,e7  
,:e!r ! ,copyright ,claims ,bo>d %\ld be
 exp&$ to (f] m$iation or o!r nonb9d+   
alt]native dispute resolution s]vices to
 int]e/$ p>ties4  7,f7 ,su* o!r matt]s z
 ! ,regi/] ( ,copyrights det]m9es are   
p]t95t to ! ,copyright ,claims ,bo>d4