,i  #aad? ,,congress  #b;d ,session  ,h4
 ,r4 #eddi  ,,9 ,,! ,,h\se ,,(          
,,repres5tatives  ,june #aj1 #bjaf ,mr4 
,deut* 7= himself & ,mr4 ,k5n$y7        
introduc$ ! foll[+ bill2 :i* 0 ref]r$ to
 ! ,committee on ! ,judici>y  ,a ,,bill 
,to am5d title #ah1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1
 to create a commission to provide      
adequate repres5tation to def5dants 9   
,f$]al crim9al cases1 & = o!r purposes4 
#a4 ,%ort title ,?is ,act may be cit$ z 
! ,indep5d5t & ,effective ,f$]al        
,def5d]s ,act ( #bjaf4  #b4 ,revision ( 
sy/em to ensure adequate repres5tation (
 ,f$]al def5dants ,section #cjjf;,a (   
title #ah1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 is am5d$
 to read z foll[s3  #cjjf;,a4 ,adequate 
repres5tation ( def5dants  7a7 ,f$]al   
,def5d] ,commission  7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,!re 
is e/abli%$1 z an indep5d5t ag5cy )9 !  
executive bran*1 ! ,f$]al ,def5d]       
,commission 7h]e9aft] 9 ?is section     
ref]r$ to z ! ,commission74  7#b7       
,composition & appo9tm5t by ,presid5t ,!
 ,commission %all consi/ ( #ab memb]s1  

appo9t$ by ! ,presid5t4  7#c7 ,director 
,! ,presid5t %all appo9t a ,director to 
s]ve on ! ,commission4 ,! ,director %all
 h all ( ! qualifications describ$ 9    
p>agraph 7#e7 & none ( !                
disqualifications describ$ 9 p>agraph   
7#f74 ,! t]m ( ! ,director %all be #f   
ye>s1 b a ,director may s]ve aft] !     
expiration ( t t]m until a successor    
takes (fice4  7#d7 ,consid]ations 9     
appo9tm5t ,9 appo9t+ memb]s ( !         
,commission1 ! ,presid5t %all ensure t--
 7,a7 ea* ( ! #ab memb]s ( ! ,commission
 has prim>y exp]i5ce 9 crim9al def5se 9 
a circuit 9 :i* no o!r memb] ( !        
,commission has su* exp]i5ce at ! "t ( !
 appo9tm5t2 &  7,b7 at lea/ a majority (
 ! memb]s ( ! ,commission are           
individuals :o are =m] ,f$]al def5d]s4  
7#e7 ,qualifications ( memb]s ,to be a  
memb] ( ! ,commission1 an individual    
mu/-- 7,a7 be a memb] ( ! b> ( ! highe/ 
c\rt ( a ,/ate2 &  7,b7 h significant   
exp]i5ce 9 ! legal def5se ( crim9al     
cases or demon/rat$ a commitm5t to      

indig5t def5se repres5tation or juv5ile 
def5se repres5tation4  7#f7             
,disqualifications ( memb]s ,an         
individual %all n s]ve on ! ,commission 
:o is-- 7,a7 employ$ z a ,f$]al def5d]2 
7,b7 employ$ z a prosecutor or law      
en=cem5t (ficial2 or  7,c7 s]v+ z an    
active judicial (fic] ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4
  7#g7 ,t]m  7,a7 ,except z o!rwise     
provid$ 9 ?is p>agraph1 ! t]m ( a memb] 
( ! ,commission %all be #f ye>s4  7,b7  
,a memb] may s]ve aft] ! expiration ( t 
memb]'s t]m until a successor takes     
(fice4  7,c7 ,( ! #ab memb]s fir/       
appo9t$ to ! ,commission1 #f %all be    
initially appo9t$ = #b-ye> t]ms1 s t !  
t]ms ( memb]s ( ! commission are /agg]$4
  7#h7 ,duties ( ,commission ,!         
,commission %all-- 7,a7 consult ) ea*   
,unit$ ,/ates di/rict c\rt on a plan    
op]at+ ?r\gh\t ! di/rict = furni%+      
repres5tation to any p]son f9ancially   
unable to obta9 repres5tation2  7,b7    
appo9t1 tak+ into consid]ation !        
recomm5dations ( ! relevant b> or b>s ( 

! ,/ate1 law s*ools 9 ! ,/ate1 & o!r    
organizations & individuals1 a ,f$]al   
,public ,def5d]1 hav+ ! same            
qualifications = s]vice z ?is subsection
 requires = a memb] ( ! ,commission & n 
hav+ any ( ! disqualifications describ$ 
9 ?is subsection1 o!r ?an t describ$ 9  
p>agraph 7#f77;,a71 = su* s]vice1 = ea* 
di/rict to c>ry out ! plan = t di/rict2 
&  7,c7 develop = ,f$]al ,public ,def5d]
 (fices-- 7i7 national guidel9es on     
quality ( repres5tation2  7ii7 program  
evaluation sy/ems2  7iii7 attorney &    
/aff evaluation sy/ems to ensure        
effective managem5t & repres5tation2    
7iv7 tra9+1 publications1 & sem9>s2  7v7
 specialty res\rce c5t]s2  7vi7 rese>* &
 developm5t pilot projects2  7vii7      
/ati/ical /udies2 &  7viii7 committees1 
projects1 or work+ gr\ps4  7#i7 ,plan   
may comb9e di/ricts ,! plan may include 
a comb9ation ( di/ricts if su* a comb9$ 
(fice w\ld be co/ effective1 bas$ on !  
numb] ( appo9tm5ts ea* ye>1 & :]e !     
int]e/s ( ju/ice ( effective            

repres5tation require ! e/abli%m5t ( su*
 an (fice4 ,! ,commission %all det]m9e !
 ne$ = a ,f$]al ,public ,def5d] (fice & 
geographic b\nd>ies x s]ves4 ,h[ev]1 !  
,commission %all ensure t ea* ,f$]al    
judicial di/rict has )9 x a ,f$]al      
,public ,def5d] (fice provid+           
repres5tation4  7#aj7 ,/aff ,!          
,commission may appo9t additional       
employees z x deems appropriate1 to     
assi/ ! ,commission 9 c>ry+ out its     
duties4  7#aa7 ,comp5sation ( memb]s &  
employees ,memb]s ( ! ,commission &     
employees ( ! ,commission %all be       
comp5sat$ at rates det]m9$ by !         
,commission1 b n 9 excess ( ! rate (    
level ,v ( ! ,executive ,s*$ule specifi$
 9 section #ecaf ( title #e4  7#ab7     
,pr(essional responsibility ,!          
,commission %all n-- 7,a7 int]f]e ) any 
attorney provid+ repres5tation "u ?is   
section 9 c>ry+ out su* attorney's      
pr(essional responsibilities to su*     
attorney's cli5t2 or  7,b7 abrogate z to
 attorneys 9 provid+ repres5tation "u   

?is section ! au?ority ( a ,/ate or o!r 
jurisdiction to en=ce /&>ds (           
pr(essional responsibility g5]ally      
applicable to attorneys 9 su*           
jurisdiction4  7b7 ,requirem5ts = plan  
,ea* plan = repres5tation "u ?is section
 %all include ! foll[+3 7#a7            
,repres5tation provid$ 9 all cases      
,repres5tation %all be provid$ = any    
f9ancially eligible p]son :o--  7,a7 is 
*>g$ ) a crim9al (f5se2  7,b7 is a      
juv5ile alleg$ to h committ$ an act (   
juv5ile del9qu5cy z def9$ 9 section     
#ejca2  7,c7 is *>g$ ) a violation (    
probation2  7,d7 is "u arre/1 :5 su*    
repres5tation is requir$ by law2  7,e7  
is *>g$ ) a violation ( sup]vis$ release
 or faces modification1 r$uction1 or    
enl>gem5t ( a condition1 or ext5sion or 
revocation ( a t]m ( sup]vis$ release2  
7,f7 is subject to a m5tal condition    
he>+ "u *apt] #cac2  7,g7 is 9 cu/ody z 
a mat]ial witness2  7,h7 is entitl$ to  
appo9tm5t ( c\nsel "u ! six? am5dm5t to 
! ,con/itution2  7,i7 faces loss (      

lib]ty 9 a case1 & ,f$]al law requires !
 appo9tm5t ( c\nsel2  7,j7 is entitl$ to
 ! appo9tm5t ( c\nsel "u section #daji2 
7,k7 is involv$ 9 a proce$+ 9 :i* a     
crim9al adjudication may result2  7,l7  
is be+ consid]$ =1 or seeks to obta91 "u
 subsection 7c77#a7 or 7c77#b7 ( section
 #cehb1 a modification ( a t]m (        
imprisonm5t2 or  7,m7 is involv$ 9      
proce$+s seek+ clem5cy or a p>don4  7#b7
 ,repres5tation provid$ 9 "s cases      
,:5ev] ! ,unit$ ,/ates magi/rate judge  
or ! c\rt det]m9es t ! int]e/s ( ju/ice 
s require1 repres5tation may be provid$ 
= any f9ancially eligible p]son :o seeks
 relief "u section #bbda1 #bbed1 or     
#bbee ( title #bh4  7#c7 ,appo9tm5t (   
private attorneys ,ea* ,di/rict %all    
develop a panel ( private attorneys4 ,a 
private attorney %all provide           
repres5tation "u ?is section :5 ! nature
 ( ! case or e?ical consid]ations s     
require4 ,cases %all be r&omly assign$  
to private panel attorneys on a rotat+  
basis4 ,! ,f$]al ,public ,def5d] 9 !    

di/rict %all n be involv$ 9 ! selection 
( private panel attorneys = individual  
cases4 ,! panel ( private attorneys %all
 divide !mselves into areas ( crim9al   
proce$+ exp]tise4  7#d7 ,qualifications 
( private attorneys ,to be a private    
attorney on ! panel1 an individual mu/ h
 significant exp]i5ce 9 ! legal def5se (
 crim9al cases4  7#e7 ,ongo+ tra9+ &    
c]tification ( private attorneys ,ea*   
,di/rict %all develop & provide ongo+1  
m&atory tra9+ programs = private        
attorneys on ! panel4 ,all attorneys    
p>ticipat+ on a panel %all h _! p]=mance
 9 repres5t+ def5dants regul>ly pe]     
review$ by & c]tifi$ by di/+ui%$ memb]s 
( ! local crim9al def5se community4     
7#f7 ,use ( private attorneys ,ea* plan 
%all provide t private attorneys be     
appo9t$ to repres5t def5dants 9 a       
sub/antial proportion ( cases4  7#g7    
,use ( o!r attorneys ,ea* plan may      
include1 9 addition to ! provisions =   
private attorneys1 = ! use ( attorneys  
furni%$ by a b> association or legal aid

 society4  7c7 ,budget analy/ ,ea*      
,di/rict %all h a budget analy/4 ,!     
budget analy/ %all be hir$ by !         
,commission4 ,! budget analy/ %all be   
op]ationally indep5d5t ( ! ,f$]al       
,public ,def5d] & ! judicial bran* 9 su*
 circuit4 ,! budget analy/ %all h       
significant exp]i5ce 9 crim9al def5se   
practice4 ,! budget analy/ %all engage 9
 timely1 objective1 & indep5d5t analysis
 ( reimbursem5t = co/s submitt$ by !    
private attorneys4 ,! budget analy/ may 
m$iate any claims = reimbursem5t paym5ts
 submitt$ by private attorneys4 ,!      
budget analy/ w ov]see & approve ! use (
 inve/igators & exp]ts = cases4  7d7    
,f$]al ,public ,def5d]  7#a7 ,duties &  
p[]s ,! ,f$]al ,public ,def5d] 9 ea*    
di/rict %all c>ry out ! plan =          
repres5tation 9 t di/rict4 ,9 ord] to d 
s1 ! ,f$]al ,public ,def5d] may appo9t  
su* /aff1 e/abli% sal>ies = ! /aff1 &   
make su* contracts z are necess>y to    
c>ry out ! functions ( ! (fice4 ,! sal>y
 /ructure 9 ea* (fice %all be           

comm5surate ) t provid$ = ! lawy]s &    
/aff ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,attorney = !    
relevant di/rict4  7#b7 ,t]m ,! t]m ( a 
,f$]al ,public ,def5d] is #d ye>s1 b a  
,f$]al ,public ,def5d] may s]ve aft] !  
expiration ( t t]m until a successor    
takes (fice4 ,! ,f$]al ,public ,def5d]  
may be appo9t$ = m ?an "o t]m4  7#c7    
,removal ,! ,commission may1 ) !        
concurr5ce ( ?ree qu>t]s ( ! memb]s s]v+
 at ! "t ( ! removal1 remove a ,f$]al   
,public ,def5d] = cause4  7#d7 ,vacancy 
,! ,commission may fill a vacancy ( !   
(fice ( ,f$]al ,public ,def5d] = !      
rema9d] ( ! t]m1 9 ! same mann] z !     
orig9al appo9tm5t 0 made4  7e7          
,alt]native means ( repres5tation 9 a   
di/rict  7#a7 ,g5]ally ,! ,commission   
may create a ,community ,def5d]         
,organization to c>ry out ! plan =      
repres5tation 9 ! ,di/rict4 ,a          
,community ,def5d] ,organization %all be
 a nonpr(it def5se c\nsel s]vice        
e/abli%$ & adm9i/]$ by any gr\p au?oriz$
 by ! plan to provide repres5tation4 ,! 

organization %all be eligible to furni% 
attorneys & receive paym5ts f !         
,commission if its bylaws are set =? 9 !
 plan ( ! di/rict or di/ricts 9 :i* x w 
s]ve4  7#b7 ,annual report ,ea*         
organization %all submit to !           
,commission an annual report sett+ =?   
its activities & f9ancial position & !  
anticipat$ caseload & exp5ses = ! next  
fiscal ye>4  7#c7 ,grants ,^u           
application an organization may1 to !   
ext5t approv$ by ! ,commission-- 7,a7   
receive an initial grant = exp5ses      
necess>y to e/abli% ! organization2 &   
7,b7 receive p]iodic su/a9+ grants to   
provide repres5tation & o!r exp5ses     
pursuant to ?is section4  7f7 ,*ange (  
/ructure betwe5 t ( ,f$]al ,public      
,def5d] & t ( ,community ,def5d]        
,organization ,ei!r a ,community ,def5d]
 ,organization or a ,f$]al ,public      
,def5d] may apply to ! ,commission to   
*ange its /ructure to t ( ! o!r4 ,!     
,commission may all[ t *ange if !       
,commission det]m9es su* a *ange w\ld   

bett] s]ve ! purposes ( ?is section4    
7g7 ,duration & ,sub/itution (          
,appo9tm5ts ,a p]son = :om c\nsel is    
appo9t$ %all be repres5t$ at e /age ( ! 
proce$+s f be=e be+ int]view$ by        
pretrial s]vices or a probation (fic]   
?r\gh appeal1 includ+ ancill>y matt]s   
appropriate to ! proce$+s4 ,if at any "t
 aft] ! appo9tm5t ( c\nsel ! ,unit$     
,/ates magi/rate judge or ! c\rt f9ds t 
! p]son is f9ancially able to obta9     
c\nsel or to make p>tial paym5t = !     
repres5tation1 x may t]m9ate ! appo9tm5t
 ( c\nsel or au?orize paym5t z provid$ 9
 subsection 7f71 z ! int]e/s ( ju/ice   
may dictate4 ,if at any /age ( !        
proce$+s1 includ+ an appeal1 ! ,unit$   
,/ates magi/rate judge or ! c\rt f9ds t 
! p]son is f9ancially unable to pay     
c\nsel :om he _h reta9$1 x may appo9t   
c\nsel "u ?is section1 z ! int]e/s (    
ju/ice may dictate4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates    
magi/rate judge or ! c\rt may1 9 !      
int]e/s ( ju/ice1 sub/itute "o appo9t$  
c\nsel = ano!r at any /age ( ! proce$+s4

  7h7 ,nonapplicability to local c\rts (
 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia ,?is section    
does n apply to repres5tation 9 !       
,sup]ior ,c\rt ( ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia 
or ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia ,c\rt (       
,appeals4  7i7 ,def9itions ,9 ?is       
section ! foll[+ def9itions apply3 7#a7 
,circuit ,! t]m circuit means "o ( !    
circuits = :i* !re is a ,unit$ ,/ates   
c\rt ( appeals4  7#b7 ,di/rict c\rt ,!  
t]m di/rict c\rt means ea* di/rict c\rt 
( ! ,unit$ ,/ates creat$ by *apt] #e (  
title #bh1 ! ,di/rict ,c\rt ( ! ,virg9  
,isl&s1 ! ,di/rict ,c\rt = ! ,nor!rn    
,m>iana ,isl&s1 & ! ,di/rict ,c\rt (    
,guam4  7#c7 ,repres5tation ,! t]m      
repres5tation means repres5tation by    
legal c\nsel & also includes            
inve/igative1 exp]t1 & o!r s]vices      
necess>y = adequate repres5tation4  7#d7
 ,/ate ,! t]m ,/ate includes any ,/ate  
or o!r simil> entity 9 :i* a di/rict    
c\rt is e/abli%$4  4  #c4 ,cont9uation (
 organizations e/abli%$ be=e enactm5t ,a
 ,f$]al ,def5d] organization e/abli%$   

be=e enactm5t ( ?is ,act %all cont9ue 9 
op]ation1 & ! ,f$]al ,public ,def5d] !n 
9 (fice %all cont9ue to s]ve ! ,f$]al   
,public ,def5d]'s t]m 9 t capacity4 ,a  
,community ,def5d] ,organization1       
committee1 project1 or work+ gr\p       
e/abli%$ be=e enactm5t ( ?is ,act %all  
cont9ue 9 op]ation4  #d4 ,g5]al         
,acc\ntability ,(fice ,/udy ,n lat] ?an 
#d ye>s aft] ! date ( ! enactm5t ( ?is  
,act1 ! ,comptroll] ,g5]al %all complete
 a /udy & report to ,congress on !      
provision & co/ ( ,f$]al ,def5se        
s]vices4