,i #aadth ,,congress #b;d ,session ,h4 ,r4 #dide ,,in ,,the ,,house ,,of ,,representatives ,april #ad1 #bjaf ,mr4 ,bridenstine 7for himself and ,mr4 ,lamborn7 introduced the following bill2 which was referred to the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology1 and in addition to the ,committees on ,armed ,services1 ,select ,intelligence 7,permanent ,select71 ,rules1 ,ways and ,means1 ,transportation and ,infrastructure1 ,energy and ,commerce1 and ,foreign ,affairs1 for a period to be subsequently determined by the ,speaker1 in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned ,a ,,bill ,to permanently secure the ,united ,states as the preeminent spacefaring nation1 and for other purposes4 #a4 ,short title2 table of contents 7a7 ,short title ,this ,act may be cited as the ,american ,space ,renaissance ,act4 7b7 ,table of contents ,the table of contents for this ,act is as follows3 ,sec4 #a4 ,short title2 table of contents4 ,title ,i--,national ,security ,sec4 #aja4 ,space doctrine1 organization1 acquisition1 and architecture development4 ,sec4 #ajb4 ,satellite communications4 ,sec4 #ajc4 ,positioning1 navigation1 and timing4 ,sec4 #ajd4 ,weather4 ,sec4 #aje4 ,space situational awareness4 ,sec4 #ajf4 ,launch services4 ,sec4 #ajg4 ,air ,force ,satellite ,control ,network4 ,sec4 #ajh4 ,remote sensing4 ,sec4 #aji4 ,congressional defense committees defined4 ,title ,,ii--,civil ,sec4 #bja4 ,definitions4 ,sec4 #bjb4 ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration4 ,sec4 #bjc4 ,human mission to ,mars4 ,sec4 #bjd4 ,human presence in low-,earth orbit4 ,sec4 #bje4 ,space debris remediation4 ,sec4 #bjf4 ,,gao report on insuring ,,nasa ,class ,c and ,class ,d payloads and cargo4 ,title ,,iii--,commercial ,sec4 #cja4 ,office of ,commercial ,space ,transportation4 ,sec4 #cjb4 ,office of ,spaceports4 ,sec4 #cjc4 ,situational awareness of objects in ,earth orbit4 ,sec4 #cjd4 ,space traffic management4 ,sec4 #cje4 ,space-based data4 ,sec4 #cjf4 ,department of ,commerce space-related activities4 ,sec4 #cjg4 ,commercial remote sensing licensing reform4 ,sec4 #cjh4 ,weather4 ,sec4 #cji4 ,american space competitiveness4 ,sec4 #caj4 ,space training aircraft4 ,sec4 #caa4 ,workforce enhancement4 ,i ,national ,security #aja4 ,space doctrine1 organization1 acquisition1 and architecture development 7a7 ,sense of ,congress ,it is the sense of ,congress that-- 7#a7 national security space capabilities play a critical strategic role to help ensure economic prosperity1 military deterrence1 and power projection2 and 7#b7 civil and commercial space capabilities are critical for1 and increasingly contribute to1 national security missions4 7b7 ,national security doctrine on space ,not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this ,act1 the ,president1 in consultation with the ,secretary of ,defense and the ,director of ,national ,intelligence1 shall develop-- 7#a7 doctrine for the ,armed ,forces and the intelligence community 7as defined in section #c of the ,national ,security ,act of #aidg 7#ej ,u4,s4,c4 #cjja77 governing the response of the ,united ,states to efforts by state and nonstate actors to deliberately-- 7,a7 deny the ,united ,states or allies or partners of the ,united ,states access to space or space operations2 or 7,b7 degrade or destroy ,government or commercial space assets of the ,united ,states or allies or partners of the ,united ,states2 and 7#b7 doctrine for the ,armed ,forces with respect to the rules of engagement for space forces4 7c7 ,principal ,department of ,defense ,space ,advisor 7#a7 ,in general ,chapter #ace of title #aj is amended by adding at the end the following new section3 #bbgi;d4 ,principal ,defense ,space ,advisor 7a7 ,in general ,the ,secretary of ,defense shall designate an official of the ,department to be the ,principal ,defense ,space ,advisor1 who1 in addition to the other duties of such official1 shall act as the principal advisor to the ,secretary on all space matters4 7b7 ,responsibilities ,the ,principal ,defense ,space ,advisor shall be responsible for the following3 7#a7 ,serving as the principal advisor to the ,secretary of ,defense1 the ,deputy ,secretary of ,defense1 the ,joint ,chiefs of ,staff1 the ,joint ,requirements ,oversight ,council1 the ,deputy's ,management ,action ,group1 and the ,defense ,acquisition ,board on all space matters4 7#b7 ,serving as the ,principal ,advisor on ,space ,control under section #bbgi;a of this title4 7#c7 ,overseeing the entire space enterprise of the ,department of ,defense by reviewing all policies1 strategies1 plans1 programming1 and architecture assessments relating to space4 7#d7 ,conducting annual ,defense-wide space strategic portfolio reviews in coordination with the ,defense ,space ,council and the ,director of ,cost ,assessment and ,program ,evaluation4 7#e7 ,chairing the ,defense ,space ,council4 7#f7 ,providing the ,deputy's ,management ,action ,group with independent assessments and recommendations1 as requested by the ,deputy ,secretary1 in cases where members of the ,defense ,space ,council are unable to reach consensus4 4 7#b7 ,clerical amendment ,the table of sections at the beginning of such chapter is amended by inserting after the item relating to section #bbgi;c the following new item3 #bbgi;d4 ,principal ,defense ,space ,advisor4 4 7#c7 ,replacement of ,executive ,agent ,the position in the ,department of ,defense of the ,principal ,defense ,space ,advisor designated under section #bbgi;d of title #aj1 ,united ,states ,code1 as added by paragraph 7#a71 supersedes the position in the ,department of ,defense ,executive ,agent for ,space4 7#d7 ,conforming amendments ,title #aj1 ,united ,states ,code1 is amended-- 7,a7 in section #bbgi;a7a71 by striking ,the ,secretary of ,defense and all that follows through such senior official1 and inserting ,the ,principal ,defense ,space ,advisor established by section #bbgi;d of this title shall also serve as the ,principal ,advisor on ,space ,control and2 and 7,b7 by striking ,department of ,defense ,executive ,agent for ,space and inserting ,principal ,defense ,space ,advisor each place it appears4 7d7 ,sharing of cyber and space situational awareness information 7#a7 ,strategy ,not later than #ahj days after the date of the enactment of this ,act1 the ,secretary of ,defense shall develop and commence the implementation of a strategy to increase interoperability between systems that electronically share cyberspace situational awareness and space situational awareness data and information across the space and cyberspace enterprises of the ,department of ,defense1 including among space1 cyberspace1 and air operations centers4 7#b7 ,submission of strategy ,not later than #ahj days after the date of the enactment of this ,act1 the ,secretary shall submit to the congressional defense committees the strategy developed under paragraph 7#a71 including-- 7,a7 a plan to carry out the increased operability between space systems described in such paragraph2 7,b7 a description of current and future initiatives to increase automated data transfer2 7,c7 cost estimates for developing1 procuring1 installing and sustaining the systems described in such paragraph2 and 7,d7 a description of any regulatory or legislative actions required to fully implement the strategy4 7e7 ,integrated major space program acquisition 7#a7 ,limitation ,of the funds authorized to be appropriated or otherwise made available for fiscal year #bjag for the ,under ,secretary of ,defense for ,acquisition1 ,technology1 and ,logistics1 not more than #ej percent may be obligated or expended until the date on which the ,under ,secretary certifies to the congressional defense committees that the ,under ,secretary is compliant with the assessment1 reporting1 and notification requirements under section #bbge of title #aj1 ,united ,states ,code4 7#b7 ,annual certifications ,section #bbge of title #aj1 ,united ,states ,code1 is amended-- 7,a7 by redesignating subsection 7g7 as subsection 7h72 7,b7 by inserting after subsection 7f7 the following new subsection 7g73 7g7 ,certification of integrated programs 7#a7 ,during each of fiscal years #bjah through #bjbg1 the ,secretary of ,defense shall certify to the congressional defense committees that each major satellite acquisition program that has received ,milestone ,b approval is an integrated program with respect to acquisition and delivery of segments of the program4 7#b7 ,a major satellite acquisition program may not receive ,milestone ,c approval if the ,secretary has not made a certification under paragraph 7#a7 with respect to such program4 7#c7 ,for each major satellite acquisition program that the ,secretary does not make a certification under paragraph 7#a71 the ,secretary shall provide the congressional defense committees a briefing explaining why such certification may not be made1 including a discussion of the matters described in subsection 7e77#b74 2 and 7,c7 in subsection 7h71 as redesignated by subparagraph 7,a71 by adding at the end the following new paragraph3 7#e7 ,milestone ,c approval ,the term ,milestone ,c approval has the meaning given that term in section #bcff7;e7 of this title4 4 7f7 ,hosted payloads 7#a7 ,in general ,section #bbgc of title #aj1 ,united ,states ,code1 is amended by adding at the end the following new subsection3 7d7 ,hosted payloads 7#a7 ,to the extent practical1 the ,secretary shall ensure that any space architecture of the ,department of ,defense uses hosted payloads4 7#b7 ,beginning ,january #a1 #bjbf1 the ,secretary shall give preference to launching hosted payloads on launch vehicles owned and operated by companies domiciled in the ,united ,states4 7#c7 ,for each space program of the ,department requiring the launch of assets into space1 the ,secretary shall ensure that any analysis of alternatives conducted for the program considers alternatives with hosted payloads and commercial services4 4 7#b7 ,plan ,not later than #ahj days after the date of the enactment of this ,act1 the ,secretary of ,defense1 in consultation with the ,director of the ,space and ,missile ,systems ,center and the ,principal ,defense ,space ,advisor designated under section #bbgi;d of title #aj1 ,united ,states ,code1 as added by subsection 7c77#a71 shall submit to the congressional defense committees a plan to increase the use of hosted payloads4 ,the plan shall include the following elements3 7,a7 ,an analysis of how the ,secretary can increase the use of the ,hosted ,payload ,solutions program1 including identification of planned missions over the next five fiscal years which may use hosted payloads4 7,b7 ,criteria and standards necessary for new entrants to qualify for ,hosted ,payload ,solutions program certification4 7g7 ,protection capabilities 7#a7 ,assessment ,not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this ,act1 the ,secretary of ,defense1 in consultation with the ,principal ,defense ,space ,advisor designated under section #bbgi;d of title #aj1 ,united ,states ,code1 as added by subsection 7c77#a71 shall submit to the congressional defense committees an assessment of desirable protection capabilities that would enhance the integration of commercial space systems into national security space architectures4 7#b7 ,elements ,the assessment under paragraph 7#a7 shall include the following3 7,a7 ,a prioritized list by space mission area of protection capabilities that could improve the resilience of commercial space systems4 7,b7 ,the estimated costs for commercial operators to integrate the highest priority protection capabilities into commercial systems4 7,c7 ,an examination of any issues associated with the quality1 integrity1 security1 reliability1 and continuity of commercial space data4 7#c7 ,consultation ,before submitting the assessment under paragraph 7#a71 the ,secretary shall consult with appropriate representatives from the commercial space industry with respect to the initial findings and recommendations of the ,secretary developed under such paragraph4 7h7 ,sense of ,congress ,it is the sense of ,congress that-- 7#a7 the ,department of ,defense should thoroughly examine the opportunities offered by high-volume satellite manufacturing as the capability for such manufacturing emerges2 and 7#b7 high-volume satellite manufacturing could dramatically lower costs through leveraging economies of scale and also contribute to resiliency through proliferated constellations4 #ajb4 ,satellite communications 7a7 ,sense of ,congress ,it is the sense of ,congress that-- 7#a7 current and future satellite communications architectures of the ,department of ,defense should be resilient and integrated2 and 7#b7 to achieve these goals1 such architectures should include an enterprise-level situational awareness network and capabilities to dynamically1 efficiently1 and seamlessly allocate satellite communications capacity and shift between frequencies and levels of protection4 7b7 ,analysis of alternatives 7#a7 ,matters considered ,section #afaa7;a7 of the ,national ,defense ,authorization ,act for ,fiscal ,year #bjaf 7,public ,law #aad-ib7 is amended by adding at the end the following new sentences3 ,such analysis of alternatives shall provide detailed assumptions with respect to a comparison between the full life-cycle associated costs for military and commercial satellite communications1 including estimates for military and personnel costs associated with operating and maintaining ,government-owned1 ,government-operated systems and other costs1 including with respect to military construction4 ,such analysis of alternatives shall also consider technology development of commercial satellite communications1 including high throughput capacity satellites1 commercial investment1 technology insertion plans1 and upgrades4 ,such analysis of alternatives shall also include available data and the results of the ,pathfinder program of the ,air ,force ,space and ,missile ,systems ,center and the ,defense ,information ,systems ,agency44 7#b7 ,independent review ,such section is further amended by adding at the end the following new subsection3 7c7 ,independent review 7#a7 ,comptroller ,general ,not later than #ij days after the date on which the ,secretary completes the analysis of alternatives under subsection 7a71 and prior to submitting the report under subsection 7b71 the ,comptroller ,general of the ,united ,states shall review such analysis4 ,in addition to any other matters the ,comptroller considers appropriate1 the review shall assess whether such analysis meets the requirements of subsection 7a74 7#b7 ,submission ,the ,secretary shall submit to the congressional defense committees the review required under paragraph 7#a7 along with the analysis of alternatives conducted under section #afaa7;a7 of the ,national ,defense ,authorization ,act for ,fiscal ,year #bjaf 7,public ,law #aad-ib74 4 7c7 ,terminals 7#a7 ,multiband ,with respect to any satellite communications terminal acquisition program of the ,department beginning on or after the date of the enactment of this ,act1 the ,secretary of ,defense shall ensure that-- 7,a7 such program will field multiband terminals2 7,b7 any requirements developed in support of such program1 including through the ,joint ,requirements ,oversight ,council or the ,requirements ,oversight ,councils of the military departments1 take into consideration the terminal user preferences4 the ease of platform integration into space system design requirements1 and the total cost of ownership1 including sustainment costs2 and 7,c7 the ,secretary-- 7i7 approves any exceptions to subparagraphs 7,a7 and 7,b72 and 7ii7 not later than #fj days after such approval1 notifies the congressional defense committees of such exceptions4 7#b7 ,strategy 7,a7 ,not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this ,act1 the ,secretary of ,defense1 in consultation with the ,under ,secretary of ,defense for ,acquisition1 ,technology1 and ,logistics1 ,principal ,defense ,space ,advisor designated under section #bbgi;d of title #aj1 ,united ,states ,code1 as added by section #aja7;c77#a71 and the acquisition executives of the military departments1 shall develop a strategy to recapitalize legacy non-multiband satellite communications terminals to multiband satellite communications terminals4 7,b7 ,the strategy under subparagraph 7,a7 shall include the following3 7i7 ,a comprehensive recapitalization schedule for all platforms in the ,department of ,defense using satellite communications terminals4 7ii7 ,a comprehensive list of all types of fielded non-multiband satellite communications terminals1 the number of terminals currently in service1 and the projected schedule for recapitalizing the terminals4 7iii7 ,the priority1 by military department1 of terminal recapitalization4 7iv7 ,options for migrating the highest priority terminals in each military department to multiband terminals4 7#c7 ,briefing ,not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this ,act1 the ,secretary shall provide the congressional defense committees a briefing on the strategy developed under paragraph 7#b74 7d7 ,space modernization initiative protected tactical service funding ,in addition to any other amounts authorized to be appropriated to the ,secretary of the ,air ,force for fiscal year #bjag for research1 development1 test1 and evaluation1 ,air ,force1 there is authorized to be appropriated to the ,secretary #aej1gjj1jjj for the ,space ,modernization ,initiative activities related to ,protected ,tactical ,service development and demonstration1 including for the ,protected ,tactical ,enterprise ,service initiative4 7e7 ,pathfinder funding ,of the amounts authorized to be appropriated to the ,secretary of the ,air ,force for fiscal year #bjag for procurement1 ,air ,force1 there is authorized to be appropriated to the ,secretary #cj1jjj1jjj for the ,space and ,missile ,systems ,center ,satellite ,communications ,pathfinder program4 7f7 ,pilot program funding ,in addition to any other amounts authorized to be appropriated to the ,secretary of the ,air ,force for any of fiscal years #bjag through #bjba for operation and maintenance1 ,air ,force1 there is authorized to be appropriated to the ,secretary #ej1jjj1jjj for each of fiscal years #bjag through #bjba to carry out the pilot program for the acquisition of commercial satellite communication services and enterprise-level ground integration efforts under section #afje of the ,carl ,levin and ,howard ,p4 ,buck ,mc,keon ,national ,defense ,authorization ,act for ,fiscal ,year #bjae 7,public ,law #aac-bia2 #aj ,u4,s4,c4 #bbjh note71 as amended by section #afab of the ,national ,defense ,authorization ,act for ,fiscal ,year #bjaf 7,public ,law #aad-ib74 7g7 ,briefing ,on a biannual basis1 the ,secretary of ,defense shall provide the congressional defense committees a briefing on the progress of the following3 7#a7 ,satellite communications ,pathfinder activities4 7#b7 ,the pilot program under section #afjc of the ,national ,defense ,authorization ,act of #bjad 7,public ,law #aac-ff2 #aj ,u4,s4,c4 #bcei note74 7#c7 ,protected ,tactical ,service4 7#d7 ,any initiative regarding enterprise-level ground architecture or any other initiative the ,secretary determines appropriate4 7h7 ,,dhs ,study ,not later than #ahj days after the date of the enactment of this ,act1 the ,secretary of ,homeland ,security1 in consultation with the ,secretary of ,defense1 shall submit to the congressional defense committees a report on leveraging underused ,mobile ,user ,objective ,system satellite communications capacities of the ,department of ,defense1 or other narrowband communication systems1 to complement the communications and command-and-control systems of the ,department of ,homeland ,security4 ,such report shall include an assessment of critical command-and-control requirements and connectivity requirements and existing capability shortfalls4 7i7 ,preservation of electromagnetic access ,the ,federal ,communications ,commission-- 7#a7 shall ensure that commercial satellites operating in geostationary and non-geostationary orbit have primary status for access to the electromagnetic spectrum in the #bg4e-bh4ce gigahertz band for current and future deployments of individually licensed earth stations2 and 7#b7 may not require commercial satellite entities to secure primary access to such band through participation in an auction or through secondary market procedures4 #ajc4 ,positioning1 navigation1 and timing 7a7 ,sense of ,congress ,it is the sense of ,congress that the importance of positioning1 navigation1 and timing for national security and economic prosperity requires highly reliable and secure positioning1 navigation1 and timing systems1 such as the ,global ,positioning ,system1 to support commercial1 civil1 and national security programs4 7b7 ,strategy on ,,pnt signals 7#a7 ,in general ,not later than #ahj days after the date of the enactment of this ,act1 the ,secretary of ,defense shall submit to the congressional defense committees a strategy to ensure that positioning1 navigation1 and timing receivers of the ,department of ,defense best leverage the global availability of positioning1 navigation1 and timing signals from the ,global ,positioning ,system1 the ,galileo system1 and other positioning1 navigation1 and timing systems1 including commercial positioning1 navigation1 and timing solutions that use commercial satellite constellations4 7#b7 ,elements ,the strategy under paragraph 7#a7 shall address the following3 7,a7 ,issues associated with monitoring and verification of the accuracy1 integrity1 availability1 and security of foreign and commercial positioning1 navigation1 and timing signals4 7,b7 ,mechanisms for timely notification to military users of the current and projected reliability of such foreign and commercial systems4 7,c7 ,methods for sharing information across the ,global ,positioning ,system1 the ,galileo system1 and other positioning1 navigation1 and timing systems to improve the interoperability and effectiveness of the systems for military users4 #ajd4 ,weather 7a7 ,sense of ,congress ,it is the sense of ,congress that-- 7#a7 commercial space-based weather satellite data and services that meet rigorous standards for quality1 security1 and reliability can help mitigate gaps in coverage of critical weather requirements1 increase resilience of the overall weather satellite architecture1 and augment ,government weather systems to create more and better data at lower costs to the taxpayer2 7#b7 the ,department of ,defense should incorporate commercial space-based weather satellite data into its weather modeling products2 and 7#c7 the ,department of ,defense should maximize the use of1 and incentivizes the growth of1 commercial weather data and services of the ,united ,states and ensure that such data and services are secure1 reliable1 and enhance military effectiveness4 7b7 ,national ,executive ,committee on ,weather 7#a7 ,in general ,not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this ,act1 the ,president shall establish a ,national ,executive ,committee on ,weather to coordinate weather-related matters across the departments and agencies of the ,federal ,government4 ,the ,president shall base the ,national ,executive ,committee on ,weather on the ,national ,space-,based ,positioning1 ,navigation1 and ,timing ,executive ,committee4 7#b7 ,co-chairs2 members ,the ,president shall appoint the ,deputy ,secretary of ,defense and the ,deputy ,administrator of the ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration to serve as co-chairs of the ,national ,executive ,committee on ,weather4 ,the ,president shall appoint such other officials of the ,federal ,government to serve on the ,national ,executive ,committee on ,weather as the ,president determines appropriate4 7#c7 ,organization ,the ,national ,executive ,committee on ,weather shall include-- 7,a7 a permanent national coordination office secretariat2 7,b7 an international working group2 and 7,c7 an engineering working group4 7c7 ,commercial weather data quality1 security1 and reliability standards ,not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this ,act1 the ,secretary of ,defense shall develop and certify quality1 security1 and reliability standards1 including cybersecurity standards1 for weather data and systems to facilitate the use of commercial weather data and services by the ,armed ,forces4 7d7 ,space survivability and surveillance funding ,of the amounts authorized to be appropriated to the ,secretary of the ,air ,force for fiscal year #bjag for research1 development1 test1 and evaluation1 ,air ,force1 there is authorized to be appropriated to the ,secretary #dj1jjj1jjj for space survivability and surveillance4 7e7 ,geomagnetic storm warning capability 7#a7 ,in general ,not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this ,act1 the ,secretary of ,defense1 in coordination with the ,administrator of the ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration and the ,administrator of the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration1 shall commence the development of a follow-on geomagnetic storm warning capability that includes-- 7,a7 the ability to forecast1 detect1 and issue warnings of electromagnetic pulse events1 solar radio bursts1 and energetic particles2 and 7,b7 a timely notification and warning mechanism for governmental entities and private sector entities4 7#b7 ,commercial capabilities ,in carrying out paragraph 7#a71 the ,secretary shall take into full consideration commercial capabilities4 7f7 ,limitation on availability of funds for ,air ,force ,weather ,agency 7#a7 ,certification ,of the funds authorized to be appropriated or otherwise made available for fiscal year #bjaf for the ,air ,force for weather model forecasting 7including with respect to operation and maintenance of the ,air ,force ,weather ,agency71 not more than #aj percent may be obligated or expended until the date on which the ,secretary of the ,air ,force certifies to the congressional defense committees that the ,secretary has initiated a full and open competition to award a contract for the weather forecasting model used by the ,air ,force ,weather ,agency4 7#b7 ,competition ,in carrying out the full and open competition for the weather forecasting model described in paragraph 7#a71 ,secretary shall establish the technical standards required for commercial weather forecasting models to integrate into weather forecasting and data assimilation systems of the ,department of ,defense1 including information assurance and security classification requirements4 7g7 ,commercial weather data pilot program 7#a7 ,in general ,not later than #ahj days after the date of the enactment of this ,act1 the ,secretary of ,defense shall carry out a pilot program under which the ,secretary shall award not fewer than one contract1 using full and open competition1 to assess the potential viability of using commercial weather data in the weather modeling and forecasting of the ,department of ,defense4 ,the pilot program shall be conducted consistent with data standards established under subsection 7c74 7#b7 ,funding ,there is authorized to be appropriated to the ,secretary of ,defense for fiscal year #bjag not less than #aj1jjj1jjj to carry out the pilot program under paragraph 7#a7 by purchasing1 evaluating1 and calibrating commercial weather data that meets the standards and specifications set by the ,secretary for purposes of the pilot program4 7#c7 ,briefing ,not later than #fj days after the date of the enactment of this ,act1 the ,secretary of ,defense shall provide to the congressional defense committees a briefing demonstrating how the ,secretary plans to implement the pilot program under paragraph 7#a74 7h7 ,space ,based ,infrared ,system weather applications 7#a7 ,sense of ,congress ,it is the sense of ,congress that-- 7,a7 the ,space ,based ,infrared ,system has attributes including certain sensor capabilities1 revisit rates1 and polar reach which could enhance weather prediction capability1 in addition to weather data collected by the ,department of ,department1 in support of meeting validated weather requirements2 and 7,b7 the ,secretary of ,defense should fully examine and exploit the weather capabilities of such system4 7#b7 ,report ,not later than #ahj days after the date of the enactment of this ,act1 the ,secretary of ,defense shall submit to the ,committees on ,armed ,services of the ,house of ,representatives and the ,senate a report examining the potential of the ,space ,based ,infrared ,system to generate useful weather data in support of numerical weather models and validated weather requirements of the ,department of ,defense4 7i7 ,weather requirements gap mitigation 7#a7 ,sense of ,congress ,it is the sense of ,congress that the ,department of ,defense can leverage ,defense ,meteorological ,satellite ,program payloads1 including the ,special ,sensor ,microwave ,imager_/,sounder1 to help mitigate gaps in critical validated weather requirements4 7#b7 ,report ,not later than #ahj days after the date of the enactment of this ,act1 the ,secretary of ,defense shall submit to the ,committees on ,armed ,services of the ,house of ,representatives and the ,senate a report on using ,defense ,meteorological ,satellite ,program payloads to mitigate gaps in validated ,department of ,defense weather requirements1 such as cloud characterization1 theater weather imagery1 ocean wind vectors1 tropical cyclone intensity1 snow depth1 and sea ice weather requirements4 7j7 ,prohibition on reliance on foreign countries for space-,based weather data 7#a7 ,prohibition ,the ,secretary of ,defense shall ensure that the ,department of ,defense does not plan to rely on space-based weather data for cloud characterization and theater weather imagery provided by foreign governments4 7#b7 ,certification ,not later than #ij days after the date of the enactment of this ,act1 the ,secretary shall submit to the congressional defense committees a certification that the ,secretary is in compliance with the prohibition under paragraph 7#a74 7#c7 ,briefing ,not later than #ahj days after the date of the enactment of this ,act1 the ,secretary shall provide to the congressional defense committees a briefing on how the ,department of ,defense plans to comply with the prohibition under paragraph 7#a74 #aje4 ,space situational awareness 7a7 ,funding ,in addition to any other amounts authorized to be appropriated to the ,secretary of the ,air ,force for fiscal year #bjag for research1 development1 test1 and evaluation1 ,air ,force1 and operation and maintenance1 ,air ,force1 there is authorized to be appropriated to the ,secretary #cj1bjj1jjj for the operations and activities of the ,joint ,interagency ,combined ,space ,operations ,center4 7b7 ,commercial ,integration ,cell ,not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this ,act1 the ,secretary of ,defense1 in consultation with the ,commander of ,united ,states ,strategic ,command1 shall provide a briefing to the ,committees on ,armed ,services of the ,house of ,representatives and the ,senate on making permanent the commercial integration cell pilot program conducted by the ,joint ,space ,operations ,center4 7c7 ,report on commercial satellites ,not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this ,act1 the ,secretary of ,defense shall submit to the ,committees on ,armed ,services of the ,house of ,representatives and the ,senate a report that-- 7#a7 identifies space situational awareness sensors desirable for commercial satellite operators and other non-,federal ,government operators to integrate into the systems of the operators prior to launch to provide space situational awareness data2 and 7#b7 addresses issues associated with the quality1 security1 and reliability of the data derived from such commercial sensors4 #ajf4 ,launch services 7a7 ,priority for ,united ,states engines 7#a7 ,in general ,beginning ,january #a1 #bjbc1 in awarding a contract for the procurement of property or services for space launch activities1 the ,secretary of ,defense shall treat any offer that proposes the use of a rocket engine described in paragraph 7#b7 as costing the ,federal ,government #be percent less than the price listed in the offer4 7#b7 ,engine described ,a rocket engine described in this paragraph is a rocket engine that uses articles1 materials1 and supplies that are allowable under section #hcjb7;a77#a7 of title #da1 ,united ,states ,code1 in an acquisition for public use and are not subject to an exception under chapter #hc of such title 7popularly known as the ,buy ,american ,act74 7b7 ,venture-,class launch services 7#a7 ,program ,not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this ,act1 the ,secretary of ,defense1 in consultation with the ,principal ,defense ,space ,advisor designated under section #bbgi;d of title #aj1 ,united ,states ,code1 as added by section #aja7;c77#a71 and the ,director of the ,space ,test ,program1 shall establish a program to competitively award not fewer than four launch services contracts for venture-class launch missions4 7#b7 ,funding ,of the funds authorized to be appropriated by this ,act or otherwise made available for fiscal year #bjag to the ,secretary of the ,air ,force1 not less than #bg1fjj1jjj shall be obligated or expended to carry out the program established under subsection 7a74 7c7 ,operationally responsive space 7#a7 ,prioritization ,section #bbgc;a7c7 of title #aj1 ,united ,states ,code1 is amended-- 7,a7 by striking ,the mission and inserting 7#a7 ,in accordance with paragraph 7#b71 the mission2 7,b7 by redesignating paragraphs 7#a7 and 7#b7 as subparagraphs 7,a7 and 7,b71 respectively2 and 7,c7 by adding at the end the following new paragraph 7#b73 7#b7 7,a7 ,the head of the ,office shall ensure that1 in developing the capabilities for operationally responsive space1 the ,office prioritizes market research and the identification of commercial capabilities and services4 7,b7 ,before commencing the development of any program1 the head of the ,office shall certify to the congressional defense committees that no commercial capability or service1 with or without minor modifications1 can meet the requirements for which such program is being developed4 4 7#b7 ,briefing ,not later than #ahj days after the date of the enactment of this ,act1 the ,director of the ,office of ,operationally ,responsive ,space shall provide to the congressional defense committees a briefing outlining any rapid acquisition authority available to any other official of the ,department of ,defense that is not also available to the ,director4 7d7 ,evaluation of launch services backup ,of the funds authorized to be appropriated by this ,act or otherwise made available for fiscal year #bjag for the ,air ,force for foreign comparative testing1 not less than #d1jjj1jjj shall be obligated or expended to conduct studies on the potential for non-domestic launch services providers domiciled on the territory of allies of the ,united ,states to serve as a backup to perform national security missions4 #ajg4 ,air ,force ,satellite ,control ,network 7a7 ,air ,force ,satellite ,control ,network ,not later than ,january #a1 #bjah1 the ,secretary of the ,air ,force shall enter into a contract with a private entity to fully carry out the day-to-day operations of the ,satellite ,control ,network of the ,air ,force4 7b7 ,report ,not later than #ahj days after the date of the enactment of this ,act1 the ,secretary shall submit to the congressional defense committees a report that includes-- 7#a7 the detailed strategy of the ,secretary to carry out subsection 7a72 and 7#b7 an assessment of the use of a private entity to conduct all day-to-day constellation operations1 not including mission planning and warfighting operations4 7c7 ,briefings ,not later than #ahj days after the date on which the ,secretary submits the report under subsection 7b71 and every #ahj days thereafter through ,january #a1 #bjbj1 the ,secretary shall provide ,congress with a briefing on carrying out subsection 7a74 #ajh4 ,remote sensing 7a7 ,sense of ,congress ,it is the sense of ,congress that-- 7#a7 the ,national ,geospatial-,intelligence ,agency and ,national ,reconnaissance ,office should continue efforts to implement innovative technology upgrades1 flexible licensing and sharing policies1 analytic capability1 cross-training1 content-in-the-open1 and use of international standards1 such as the ,open ,geospatial ,consortium2 and 7#b7 the ,national ,geospatial-,intelligence ,agency should expand the use of open-source methods and data to effectively answer intelligence questions4 7b7 ,briefing ,not later than #ahj days after the date of the enactment of this ,act1 the ,director of the ,national ,geospatial-,intelligence ,agency shall provide to the congressional defense committees a briefing on funding requirements and any new acquisition authorities necessary to accelerate the programs and initiatives outlined in the ,commercial ,geospatial ,intelligence ,strategy of the ,national ,geospatial-,intelligence ,agency4 #aji4 ,congressional defense committees defined ,in this title1 the term congressional defense committees has the meaning given that term in section #aja7;a77#af7 of title #aj1 ,united ,states ,code4 ,,ii ,civil #bja4 ,definitions ,in this title3 7#a7 ,administrator ,the term ,administrator means the ,administrator of ,,nasa4 7#b7 ,,nasa ,the term ,,nasa means the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration4 #bjb4 ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration 7a7 ,sense of ,congress ,it is the sense of ,congress that-- 7#a7 lack of consistency in leadership along with budget uncertainty in out-years makes it extremely difficult for ,,nasa to have a clear purpose or mission2 and 7#b7 ,,nasa should undergo reorganization1 altering its mission with a clearer focus1 ridding itself of extraneous responsibilities handled elsewhere within the ,federal ,government or private industry1 and standardizing activities across the whole of ,,nasa4 7b7 ,purpose ,the purpose of this title is to provide ,,nasa with clearer congressional intent1 budget clarity1 and stability in leadership4 7c7 ,pioneering doctrine 7#a7 ,in general ,title #ea1 ,united ,states ,code1 is amended-- 7,a7 in section #bjajb-- 7i7 in subsection 7d7-- 7,i7 by striking paragraphs 7#d71 7#e71 and 7#i72 7,,ii7 by redesignating paragraphs 7#f71 7#g71 and 7#h7 as paragraphs 7#d71 7#e71 and 7#f71 respectively2 and 7,,iii7 by amending paragraphs 7#a7 through 7#c7 to read as follows3 7#a7 ,the expansion of the human sphere of influence throughout the ,solar ,system4 7#b7 ,to be among those who first arrive at a destination in space and to open it for subsequent use and development by others4 7#c7 ,to create and prepare infrastructure precursors in support of the future use and development of space by others4 2 7ii7 by amending subsection 7e7 to read as follows3 7e7 ,pioneering doctrine ,congress declares that the general welfare of the ,united ,states requires that the unique competence in scientific and engineering systems of the ,administration also be directed toward the pioneering of space4 ,the objectives of such pioneering shall be to increase access to destinations in space1 explore the possible options for development at these destinations1 demonstrate the engineering feasibility of such development1 and transition those activities to ,federal agencies outside of the ,administration or persons or entities outside of the ,federal ,government4 2 7iii7 by striking subsection 7f7 and redesignating subsections 7g7 and 7h7 as subsections 7f7 and 7g71 respectively2 and 7iv7 in subsection 7g7 7as so redesignated71 by striking 7g7 and inserting 7f72 7,b7 in section #bjajc-- 7i7 by amending paragraph 7#a7 to read as follows3 7#a7 ,aeronautical and space activities ,the term aeronautical and space activities means-- 7,a7 research into1 and the solution of1 problems of flight-- 7i7 within the ,earth's atmosphere2 7ii7 to or from space through the ,earth's atmosphere2 and 7iii7 beyond the ,earth's atmosphere2 7,b7 the development1 construction1 testing1 and operation for pioneering purposes of aeronautical and space vehicles2 and 7,c7 such other activities as may be required for the pioneering of space4 2 and 7ii7 by adding at the end the following3 7#c7 ,space ,the term space means the domain beyond the ,earth's atmosphere4 2 and 7,c7 in section #bjaab-- 7i7 by striking subsection 7b72 7ii7 by striking 7a7 ,planning1 ,directing1 and ,conducting ,aeronautical and ,space ,activities4--2 and 7iii7 in paragraph 7#b71 by striking the scientific community in planning scientific measurements and inserting future utilizers of space destinations1 including commercial entities1 the scientific community1 and academia1 in planning for measurements4 7#b7 ,report 7,a7 ,in general ,not later than #ij days after the date of enactment of this ,act1 the ,administrator shall enter into an agreement with an independent entity outside of ,,nasa to prepare a report that-- 7i7 identifies activities and assets of ,,nasa that are consistent with the ,pioneering ,doctrine described in section #bjajb7;e71 ,united ,states ,code1 that should be consolidated or downsized2 and 7ii7 identifies activities and assets of ,,nasa that are inconsistent with such ,pioneering ,doctrine and identifies which such activities or assets should be-- 7,i7 transferred to other ,federal agencies2 7,,ii7 privatized or otherwise transferred to commercial entities2 or 7,,iii7 otherwise eliminated4 7,b7 ,report to ,congress ,not later than #a year after the date of enactment of this ,act1 the ,administrator shall submit to ,congress the report described in subparagraph 7,a74 7,c7 ,action by ,administrator ,it is the sense of ,congress that1 not later than #cj days after submitting the report described in subparagraph 7,a71 the ,administrator should implement any recommendations of the report that the ,administrator is permitted by law to implement4 7,d7 ,congressional action ,it is the sense of ,congress that1 not later than #ij days after receiving the report described in subparagraph 7,a71 ,congress should consider legislation that is necessary to implement all appropriate recommendations of such report4 7d7 ,ensuring continuity in ,,nasa leadership 7#a7 ,administrator ,section #bjaaa of title #ea1 ,united ,states ,code1 is amended-- 7,a7 in subsection 7a7-- 7i7 by striking ,administrator4--,there is established and inserting ,administrator4-- 7#a7 ,in general ,there is established 2 7ii7 in paragraph 7#a7 7as designated by clause 7i7 of this subparagraph7-- 7,i7 by inserting 1 pursuant to paragraph 7#b71 after who shall be appointed2 and 7,,ii7 by inserting ,the term of the ,administrator shall be #e years4 after and activities thereof42 and 7iii7 by adding at the end the following3 7#b7 ,nominations ,the ,president shall appoint the ,administrator pursuant to paragraph 7#a71 from among the list of nominees provided by the vacating ,administrator and the commission established in section #bjb7;d77#b7 of the ,american ,space ,renaissance ,act4 4 7#b7 ,commission 7,a7 ,establishment ,there is established a standing commission to be known as the ,,nasa ,leadership and ,advising ,commission 7in this paragraph referred to as the ,commission74 7,b7 ,duties ,the ,commission shall-- 7i7 provide to the ,president recommendations for nominees to serve as ,administrator of ,,nasa each time there is a vacancy in the office1 in accordance with section #bjaaa7;a7 of title #ea1 ,united ,states ,code2 7ii7 provide to ,congress1 ,,nasa1 the ,office of ,management and ,budget1 and the ,office of ,science and ,technology ,policy1 an analysis of1 and recommendations for changes to1 each long-term plan submitted by the ,administrator pursuant to subsection 7e77#d72 and 7iii7 provide to ,congress an annual analysis of the ,president's annual budget request for ,,nasa4 7,c7 ,membership ,the ,commission shall consist of #ba members1 including a ,chairperson4 ,the members other than the ,chairperson shall be appointed as follows3 7i7 ,four members shall be appointed by the ,president4 7ii7 ,four members shall be appointed by the ,speaker of the ,house of ,representatives4 7iii7 ,four members shall be appointed by the minority leader of the ,house of ,representatives4 7iv7 ,four members shall be appointed by the majority leader of the ,senate4 7v7 ,four members shall be appointed by the minority leader of the ,senate4 7,d7 ,chairperson ,if practicable and appropriate1 the ,chairperson of the ,commission shall be a former ,administrator or ,deputy ,administrator of ,,nasa selected by the other members of the ,commission4 ,if the other members determine that it is not practicable or appropriate1 the members shall appoint an appropriate alternative4 7,e7 ,terms 7i7 ,in general ,except as provided in clauses 7ii7 and 7iii71 each member1 including the ,chairperson1 shall be appointed for a term of #e years that is renewable without limitation4 7ii7 ,terms of initial appointees ,of the #d initial members appointed by each of the officials listed in clauses 7i7 through 7v7 of subparagraph 7,c7-- 7,i7 one shall be appointed for a term of #b years2 7,,ii7 one shall be appointed for a term of #c years2 7,,iii7 one shall be appointed for a term of #d years2 and 7,,iv7 one shall be appointed for a term of #e years4 7iii7 ,vacancies ,any member appointed to fill a vacancy occurring before the expiration of the term for which the member's predecessor was appointed shall be appointed only for the remainder of that term4 ,a member may serve after the expiration of that member's term until a successor has taken office4 ,a vacancy in the ,commission shall be filled in the manner in which the original appointment was made4 7,f7 ,qualifications ,the members of the ,commission shall include a variety of space and aerospace policy1 engineering1 technical1 science1 legal1 and finance professionals4 7,g7 ,powers 7i7 ,hearings and sessions ,the ,commission may1 for the purpose of carrying out this paragraph1 hold hearings1 sit and act at times and places1 take testimony1 and receive evidence as the ,commission considers appropriate4 7ii7 ,obtaining official data ,the ,commission may secure directly from any employee or officer of ,,nasa information necessary to enable the ,commission to carry out this paragraph4 ,upon request of the ,commission1 and unless otherwise prohibited by law1 such employee or officer shall furnish such information to the ,commission4 7iii7 ,subpoena power ,the ,commission may issue subpoenas requiring the attendance and testimony of any witness and the production of any evidence relating to any matter which the ,commission is empowered to investigate under this paragraph4 7,h7 ,prohibition on compensation ,members of the ,commission may not receive additional pay1 allowances1 or benefits by reason of their service on the ,commission4 7,i7 ,travel expenses ,each member shall receive travel expenses1 including per diem in lieu of subsistence1 in accordance with applicable provisions under subchapter ,i of chapter #eg of title #e1 ,united ,states ,code4 7,j7 ,meetings 7i7 ,initial meeting ,the first meeting of the ,commission shall occur not later than #cj days after a quorum of members has been appointed4 7ii7 ,subsequent meetings ,the ,commission shall meet-- 7,i7 not less than once per quarter2 7,,ii7 not less than #cj days after the date on which the ,commission receives each long-term plan submitted to the ,commission pursuant to subsection 7e77#d72 and 7,,iii7 at the call of the ,chairperson4 7,k7 ,quorum #aa members of the ,commission shall constitute a quorum4 7,l7 ,director and staff ,to the extent provided for in advance in appropriations ,acts1 the ,commission may appoint and fix the pay rate of a ,director1 a ,press ,secretary1 and not more than #e additional staff members1 to support the duties of the ,commission under this paragraph4 7e7 ,long-,term plans 7#a7 ,in general ,the ,administrator shall develop a #aj-year plan and a #bj-year plan in accordance with this subsection4 7#b7 #bj-year plan ,the #bj-year plan required under this subsection shall outline broad goals for ,,nasa for the #bj-year period beginning with the year in which the plan is developed4 7#c7 #aj-year plan ,the #aj-year plan required under this subsection shall provide specific objectives and budget profiles1 based on the broad goals outlined in the #bj-year plan1 for the #aj-year period beginning with the year in which the plan is developed4 7#d7 ,report ,not later than #a year after the date of enactment of this ,act1 and every #e years thereafter1 the ,administrator shall submit to ,congress and to the ,,nasa ,leadership and ,advising ,commission the most recent #aj-year plan and #bj-year plan developed under this subsection4 7f7 ,multi-,year funding 7#a7 ,budget submission ,beginning with the annual budget submission for fiscal year #bjah and for each fiscal year thereafter the ,administrator shall submit a multi-year budget request for ,,nasa4 7#b7 ,rules on appropriations 7,a7 ,in general ,notwithstanding any other provision of law1 beginning in fiscal year #bjah1 any amounts made available for ,,nasa shall be multi-year appropriations or no-year appropriations4 7,b7 ,point of order ,in the ,house of ,representatives1 it shall not be in order to consider any provision of a general appropriations ,act1 or any amendment thereto or conference report thereon1 providing appropriations for ,,nasa unless the funds appropriated therein are multi-year or no-year appropriations4 ,the point of order provided under the previous sentence may be waived if the ,chairperson of the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology files a statement with the ,speaker that the one-year funding is appropriate for that reason4 7#c7 ,authorization of appropriations 7,a7 ,in general ,there are authorized to be appropriated to ,,nasa1 to remain available for obligation until expended1 for the purposes described in subparagraph 7,b7-- 7i7 for fiscal year #bjag1 #bej1jjj1jjj2 and 7ii7 for each fiscal year thereafter1 such sums as are necessary so that the amount available to the ,administrator for such fiscal year under this paragraph is a total of #bej1jjj1jjj4 7,b7 ,purposes ,the ,administrator may use amounts appropriated under subparagraph 7,a7 to supplement spending for-- 7i7 ,,nasa aeronautics and exploration programs1 projects1 or activities subject to development challenges2 and 7ii7 ,,nasa infrastructure repair1 maintenance1 and upgrades4 7g7 ,accountability 7#a7 ,programs that exceed cost projections 7,a7 ,congressional oversight ,the directorate head of any program of ,,nasa1 or the head of any program of another agency for which ,,nasa is the acquisition or procurement agent1 that exceeds program life cost projections by less than #cj percent but not less than #ae percent shall1 for each such fiscal year-- 7i7 be available to testify not less than once before the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives and once before the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation of the ,senate1 if requested to do so by such committees2 and 7ii7 ensure that staff of such program are available to update the staff of such committees on the status of the program not less than once during each fiscal quarter4 7,b7 ,cancellation ,any program of ,,nasa that exceeds program life cost projections by not less than #cj percent shall be cancelled and the ,administrator shall not expend any additional funds on the program1 other than termination costs1 unless ,congress authorizes continuation of the program by law not later than #f months after the end of the first fiscal year in which the program first began to exceed such cost projections by such percentage4 7#b7 ,automatic removal of ,administrator 7,a7 ,,nasa ,inspector ,general report ,not later than #f months after the date of enactment of this ,act1 the ,,nasa ,inspector ,general shall submit to the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives1 the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation of the ,senate1 the ,president1 the ,,nasa ,leadership and ,advising ,commission1 and the ,administrator a report recommending a mechanism for the automatic removal of an ,administrator who has failed to achieve certain goals1 which shall take into account-- 7i7 the number of programs of ,,nasa that exceed cost projections during the tenure of the ,administrator2 7ii7 the number of programs of ,,nasa experiencing significant delays with respect to targeted milestones1 launches1 or deployments during the tenure of the ,administrator2 and 7iii7 lack of adherence to1 or failure to complete1 benchmarks in the long-term plans developed by the ,administrator pursuant to subsection 7e74 7,b7 ,implementation ,not later than #fj days after receipt by the ,administrator of the report required under subparagraph 7,a71 ,,nasa shall implement the mechanism outlined in the report4 7#c7 ,cost projection ,for purposes of this subsection1 the term cost projection means1 with respect to a program of ,,nasa1 the cost commitment of such program as outlined in the ,program ,memorandum officially documenting the outcome of ,key ,decision ,point ,a1 and for the purposes of this subsection subject to the concurrence of the ,committee on ,appropriations and the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives and the ,committee on ,appropriations and the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation of the ,senate4 7h7 ,transition of technologies and capabilities ,,nasa shall1 whenever practicable and appropriate1 transition technologies and capabilities to actors outside of ,,nasa1 including individuals1 corporations1 academic institutions1 and nonprofit organizations1 to the extent that doing so will not threaten national security4 ,such transfers shall be conducted in a transparent manner1 and no such transfer shall infringe on intellectual property rights or other such clauses in ,,nasa contracts4 7i7 ,liability insurance and financial responsibility requirements 7#a7 ,amendment ,section #bjach of title #ea1 ,united ,states ,code1 is amended by adding at the end the following3 7g7 ,launch ,services ,program 7#a7 ,liability insurance and financial responsibility requirements 7,a7 ,general requirements ,a provider that enters into a contract with ,,nasa for a launch or reentry under the ,,nasa ,launch ,services ,program shall obtain liability insurance or demonstrate financial responsibility in amounts to compensate for the maximum probable loss from claims by-- 7i7 a third party for death1 bodily injury1 or property damage or loss resulting from an activity carried out during launch or reentry2 and 7ii7 a ,federal1 ,state1 or local government against a person for damage or loss to ,federal1 ,state1 or local government property resulting from an activity carried out during launch or reentry4 7,b7 ,amounts ,the ,administrator shall determine the amounts required under subparagraph 7,a7 of this paragraph4 7,c7 ,total claims ,for the total claims related to one launch or reentry1 a provider is not required to obtain insurance or demonstrate financial responsibility of more than the lesser of-- 7i7 for a claim described in-- 7,i7 subparagraph 7,a77i71 #ejj1jjj1jjj2 or 7,,ii7 subparagraph 7,a77ii71 #ajj1jjj1jjj2 or 7ii7 the maximum liability insurance available on the world market at reasonable cost4 7,d7 ,coverage ,an insurance policy or demonstration of financial responsibility under this paragraph shall protect the following1 to the extent of their potential liability for involvement in launch services or reentry services1 at no cost to the ,government3 7i7 ,the ,government and personnel1 contractors1 and subcontractors of the ,government4 7ii7 ,contractors1 subcontractors1 and customers of the provider4 7iii7 ,contractors and subcontractors of the customer4 7iv7 ,government astronauts4 7#b7 ,determination of maximum probable losses ,the ,administrator shall determine the maximum probable losses under paragraph 7#a77;,a77i7 and 7ii7 of this subsection associated with an activity under a contract described in this subsection not later than #ij days after a provider requires a determination and submits all information the ,administrator requires4 ,the ,administrator shall amend the determination as warranted by new information4 7#c7 ,annual report 7,a7 ,determinations ,not later than ,november #ae of each year1 the ,administrator shall submit to the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives and the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation of the ,senate a report on current determinations made under paragraph 7#b7 of this subsection related to all contracts described in this subsection and the reasons for the determinations4 7,b7 ,adjustments ,not later than ,may #ae of each year1 the ,administrator shall review the amounts specified in paragraph 7#a77;,c77i7 of this subsection and submit a report to ,congress that contains proposed adjustments in the amounts to conform with changed liability expectations and availability of insurance on the world market4 ,the proposed adjustment takes effect #cj days after a report is submitted4 7#d7 ,collection and crediting payments ,the ,administrator shall collect a payment owed for damage or loss to ,government property under ,,nasa jurisdiction or control resulting from an activity carried out under a contract described in this subsection4 ,the payment shall be credited to the current applicable appropriation1 fund1 or account of ,,nasa4 7#e7 ,federal jurisdiction ,any claim by a third party or space flight participant for death1 bodily injury1 or property damage or loss resulting from an activity carried out under a contract described in this subsection shall be the exclusive jurisdiction of the ,federal courts4 4 7#b7 ,effective date ,the amendment made by paragraph 7#a7 shall take effect on ,october #a1 #bjai4 #bjc4 ,human mission to ,mars 7a7 ,findings ,congress finds the following3 7#a7 ,in section #bjd of the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration ,authorization ,act of #bjaj 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #ahcja et seq471 ,congress required ,,nasa to contract with the ,national ,academies to perform a study of human spaceflight4 7#b7 ,the ,national ,research ,council of the ,national ,academies released a report entitled ,pathways to ,exploration3 ,rationales and ,approaches for a ,u4,s4 ,program of ,human ,space ,exploration in ,june of #bjad4 ,the report called for ,mars to be the horizon goal for human space exploration4 7#c7 ,,nasa continues to request funding levels1 follow strategies1 and pursue missions that the ,national ,research ,council report identified as problematic4 7#d7 ,,nasa has yet to provide adequate details or funding requests for a plan to successfully send ,american astronauts to ,mars4 7#e7 ,billions of dollars have been invested in the ,space ,launch ,system and ,orion capsule1 which represent core elements of deep space exploration systems farthest along in development4 7b7 ,sense of ,congress ,the following is the sense of ,congress3 7#a7 ,,nasa should request budget levels1 and ,congress should continue to appropriate funds and carry out stringent oversight necessary to keep the ,space ,launch ,system and ,orion capsule on track and on budget4 7#b7 ,congress should prioritize funding within ,,nasa to meet the budget requirements of sending ,american astronauts to ,mars4 7#c7 ,,nasa should utilize the ,moon and cislunar space in order to accomplish the goal of sending ,american astronauts to ,mars4 7#d7 ,,nasa should utilize commercial assets1 when practicable and available1 to support exploration beyond ,earth orbit1 including to ,mars4 7c7 ,mission to ,mars ,until ,americans land on ,mars1 ,,nasa's main human spaceflight priority shall be to land ,americans on ,mars4 7d7 ,activities related to mission ,whenever possible1 ,,nasa aeronautics and exploration directorates shall seek to avoid developing technologies and capabilities that do not have applicability across multiple directorates1 programs1 or activities1 including missions to ,mars4 7e7 ,international partnerships ,,nasa shall1 whenever practicable and not restricted by law-- 7#a7 seek to secure specific investments in capabilities and technologies needed for deep space exploration2 and 7#b7 clearly communicate what capabilities and technologies are being pursued through international partnerships4 7f7 ,strategic planning 7#a7 ,landing on ,mars ,the first #bj-year plan required under section #bjb7;e77#a7 shall designate a #e-year range by which ,,nasa intends for ,american astronauts to land on the surface of ,mars4 ,,nasa shall include an update of this range in any subsequent #bj-year plan developed before such landing occurs4 7#b7 ,national ,research ,council concerns ,the first #aj-year plan required under section #bjb7;e77#a7 shall address the concerns raised by the ,national ,research ,council report described in subsection 7a77#c71 including concerns regarding budget projections1 the launch frequency of the ,space ,launch ,system1 and the efficacy of the ,asteroid ,redirect ,mission4 ,specifically1 the plan shall-- 7,a7 provide for the cancellation of the ,asteroid ,redirect ,mission1 unless ,,nasa can compellingly demonstrate the mission's utility2 7,b7 explain how ,,nasa intends to avoid missions that lead to dead end technologies2 and 7,c7 explain how ,,nasa will look at all options to maximize the utility of early launches of the ,space ,launch ,system1 including payloads 7such as pressurized habitable modules7 and experiments4 7#c7 ,continuous presence beyond low-,earth orbit ,each #aj-year plan and #bj-year plan required under section #bjb7;e77#a7 shall specify how ,,nasa intends to maintain a permanent human presence beyond low-,earth orbit4 7g7 ,rule of construction ,nothing in this section shall be construed to supersede ,,nasa's long-term goal of human space flight and exploration1 as provided in section #bjb7;a7 of the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration ,authorization ,act of #bjaj 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #ahcab7;a771 to expand permanent human presence beyond low-,earth orbit and to do so1 where practical1 in a manner involving international partners4 #bjd4 ,human presence in low-,earth orbit 7a7 ,sense of ,congress ,it is the sense of ,congress that-- 7#a7 the ,united ,states should maintain a continuous human presence in low-,earth orbit2 and 7#b7 activities related to the transport of cargo and crew1 development operations1 and on-orbit habitats necessary for the purpose of housing ,government astronauts and science experiments1 should1 to the maximum extent practicable1 be the purview of the commercial sector4 7b7 ,international ,space ,station 7#a7 ,plan ,,nasa shall formulate a plan for the remaining life of the ,international ,space ,station and continued human presence in low-,earth orbit1 which shall be included in the first #aj-year plan required under section #bjb7;e77#a7 and any subsequent #aj-year plans as necessary4 ,the plan required under this paragraph shall-- 7,a7 describe how ,,nasa intends to maximize the scientific utilization of the ,international ,space ,station2 7,b7 include specific objectives1 such as astronaut missions and science experiments1 to be carried out during the remaining life of the ,international ,space ,station2 7,c7 explore options for turning over the ,international ,space ,station to commercial operators2 7,d7 identify a transition strategy for the end of the ,united ,states commitment to the ,international ,space ,station2 7,e7 be coordinated in conjunction with all countries partner to the ,international ,space ,station2 7,f7 explore options for ,,nasa's continued involvement in the ,international ,space ,station in the event it is turned over to commercial operators2 and 7,g7 seek to ensure a return on investment to ,united ,states taxpayers4 7#b7 ,funding ,it is the sense of ,congress that the ,international ,space ,station should be fully funded in accordance with the ,president's annual budget request for the remainder of its needed life4 7#c7 ,transition strategy ,,nasa shall implement a transition strategy for continued human presence in low-,earth orbit identified in the plan pursuant to paragraph 7#a77;,d7 as soon as ,,nasa determines that commercial habitats meet the requirements published pursuant to subsection 7c77#a7 and a demonstration has been successfully completed pursuant to subsection 7c77#b74 7c7 ,commercial habitats 7#a7 ,publication of requirements ,not later than #a year after the date of enactment of this ,act1 ,,nasa shall1 in coordination with the ,commercial ,space ,transportation ,advisory ,committee1 develop and publish the requirements it considers necessary for commercial contractors to provide on-orbit habitats to meet the human exploration and science missions of ,,nasa1 including housing ,government astronauts and conducting scientific experiments4 7#b7 ,pilot program ,not later than ,december #ca1 #bjah1 ,,nasa shall establish a ,commercial ,habitat ,pilot ,program to demonstrate the viability of using commercially built on-orbit habitats that meet the requirements published pursuant to paragraph 7#a74 ,under the ,pilot ,program1 ,,nasa shall enter into not less than #a competitively bid agreement with a private sector entity to demonstrate the viability and capabilities of crewed commercial low ,earth orbit platforms4 ,any such an agreement shall include a commitment by the commercial partner to fund the development and construction of the private sector low-,earth orbit platform4 ,if the private sector entity is successful in funding the fabrication of such a platform1 the agreement with ,,nasa shall-- 7,a7 provide for the launch of the platform via the addition of a launch to the ,commercial ,resupply ,services program2 and 7,b7 include a contingent contract for ,,nasa to utilize no less than #ej percent of the volume of the low-,earth orbit platform for an initial #c-year term4 7d7 ,commercial partnerships for resupply and crew of the ,international ,space ,station and future low-,earth orbit platforms 7#a7 ,in general ,,nasa shall continue to utilize partnerships with commercial entities for resupply and crew movement for as long as the ,united ,states maintains a human presence in low-,earth orbit4 7#b7 ,funding ,it is the sense of ,congress that ,,nasa should request budget levels1 and ,congress should continue to appropriate funds and carry out stringent oversight1 necessary to keep the ,commercial ,crew and ,commercial ,resupply programs on track and on budget4 7e7 ,priority for ,united ,states engines 7#a7 ,in general ,for any mission for which ,,nasa solicits bids for launch providers beginning after ,december #ca1 #bjbb1 ,,nasa shall consider any such bid that proposes to use an engine built in the ,united ,states as #be percent less than the total cost of the bid4 7#b7 ,definition ,for purposes of this subsection1 the term engine built in the ,united ,states means an engine which meets the requirements of the ,buy ,american ,act 7#da ,u4,s4,c4 #hcja et seq474 7f7 ,international ,partnerships ,nothing in this section shall be construed to limit ,,nasa's ability to enter into and utilize international partnerships for space exploration beyond low-,earth orbit4 7g7 ,space ,act ,agreements ,,nasa shall1 when practicable and not restricted by law1 continue to enter into and utilize ,space ,act ,agreements or other mechanisms for partnering with the commercial space sector4 #bje4 ,space debris remediation 7a7 ,sense of congress ,it is the sense of ,congress that-- 7#a7 the growing population of orbital space debris poses a significant threat to the safety and cost-effectiveness of future civil1 commercial1 and national security space activities in critical regions of ,earth orbit2 7#b7 scientific research conducted by ,,nasa and other international space agencies concludes that the amount of orbital space debris will continue to grow at an accelerating rate unless steps are taken to remediate at least some of the existing orbital space debris2 and 7#c7 the ,united ,states ,government does not currently have a coherent plan for developing the capabilities for space debris remediation4 7b7 ,space debris remediation ,not later than #a year after the date of enactment of this ,act1 the ,administrator1 working in collaboration with the ,department of ,defense1 the ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration1 and the ,federal ,aviation ,administration1 shall submit to ,congress a report on the feasibility of remediating orbital space debris to reduce the collision risk for future space activities4 ,the report shall address factors that include-- 7#a7 an assessment of the types of orbital space debris and orbital altitudes that are the highest priority for remediation2 7#b7 a cost-benefit analysis of remediating the high priority space debris objects2 7#c7 an assessment of the available technologies and policies to perform such remediation and any gaps that need to be addressed2 7#d7 the feasibility of conducting a competitive bid process or prize competition to develop private sector space debris remediation services that can be purchased by the ,united ,states ,government2 and 7#e7 an assessment of ,federal agency roles and responsibilities to provide oversight of remediation activities4 #bjf4 ,,gao report on insuring ,,nasa ,class ,c and ,class ,d payloads and cargo ,not later than #a year after the date of enactment of this ,act1 the ,comptroller ,general shall submit to the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives and the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation of the ,senate a report on the feasibility of ,,nasa insuring its ,class ,c and ,class ,d payloads and cargo1 including-- 7#a7 the feasibility of insuring such payloads for a period of time that begins at the time of ignition and ends-- 7,a7 at the time when the payload is deployed into its intended orbit2 or 7,b7 #a year after the date on which the payload is deployed into its intended orbit2 7#b7 any risk such insurance will place on ,united ,states taxpayers2 7#c7 any effect of such insurance on launch prices2 and 7#d7 the feasibility of requiring launch providers to include in launch bids the cost of providing first party insurance of such payloads4 ,,iii ,commercial #cja4 ,office of ,commercial ,space ,transportation 7a7 ,findings ,congress finds the following3 7#a7 ,the commercial space industry is rapidly expanding and holds enormous potential for innovation and economic growth for the ,united ,states4 7#b7 ,the ,office of ,commercial ,space ,transportation of the ,federal ,aviation ,administration plays a critical role in facilitating commercial space activities1 and inadequate funding could hinder the industry4 7b7 ,reauthorization ,section #ejiba of title #ea1 ,united ,states ,code1 is amended-- 7#a7 by striking paragraphs 7#a7 through 7#e7 and inserting the following3 7#a7 #dc1bjj1jjj for fiscal year #bjag2 7#b7 #ee1ejj1jjj for fiscal year #bjah2 7#c7 #ff1jjj1jjj for fiscal year #bjai2 7#d7 #hj1ejj1jjj for fiscal year #bjbj2 and 7#e7 #ii1jjj1jjj for fiscal year #bjba4 2 7#b7 by striking ,there are and inserting 7a7 ,there are2 and 7#c7 by adding at the end the following3 7b7 ,the ,assistant ,secretary for ,commercial ,space ,transportation shall serve as the ,associate ,administrator for ,commercial ,space ,transportation4 4 7c7 ,establishment of ,assistant ,secretary for ,commercial ,space ,transportation ,section #ajb7;e7 of title #di1 ,united ,states ,code1 is amended-- 7#a7 in paragraph 7#a7 by striking #f and inserting #g2 and 7#b7 in paragraph 7#a77;,a7 by inserting an ,assistant ,secretary for ,commercial ,space ,transportation1 after an ,assistant ,secretary for ,research and ,technology14 7d7 ,workload metric 7#a7 ,in general ,not later than #abj days after the date of enactment of this ,act1 the ,assistant ,secretary for ,commercial ,space ,transportation shall develop a metric for the workload of the ,office4 7#b7 ,contents of metric ,in developing the metric required under paragraph 7#a71 the ,assistant ,secretary shall take into consideration the conclusions and recommendations contained in the report by the ,government ,accountability ,office entitled ,federal ,aviation ,administration3 ,commercial ,space ,launch ,industry ,developments ,present ,multiple ,challenges published in ,august #bjae4 7#c7 ,report to ,congress ,section #ejibc of title #ea1 ,united ,states ,code1 is amended-- 7,a7 in paragraph 7#a7 by striking and at the end2 7,b7 in paragraph 7#b7 by striking the period at the end and inserting 2 and2 and 7,c7 by adding at the end the following3 7#c7 uses the workload metric developed under section #cja7;c7 of the ,american ,space ,renaissance ,act4 4 7e7 ,regulations required 7#a7 ,not later than #a year after the date of enactment of this ,act1 the ,assistant ,secretary shall issue a notice of proposed rulemaking to-- 7,a7 update the regulations that are under the authority of the ,office contained in part #djj of title #ad1 ,code of ,federal ,regulations1 prioritizing the regulations in subchapter ,c of such part1 to move to a performance-based approach to regulating the ,united ,states commercial space industry2 and 7,b7 carry out this ,act and the amendments made by this ,act4 7#b7 ,not later than #c years after the ,secretary issues the regulations under paragraph 7#a71 and every #c years thereafter1 the ,secretary shall review all regulations under the authority of the ,office and update such regulations as necessary4 #cjb4 ,office of ,spaceports 7a7 ,in general ,chapter #eji of title #ea1 ,united ,states ,code1 is amended-- 7#a7 in section #ejijb1 by adding at the end the following new paragraph3 7#bf7 spaceport means any facility directly related to enabling spacecraft to launch or reentry1 but only if such facility is located at1 or in close proximity to1 a launch site or reentry site that is a launch site operator licensed by the ,federal ,aviation ,administration4 2 and 7#b7 by adding at the end the following3 #ejibd4 ,office of ,spaceports 7a7 ,finding ,congress finds that a robust network of space transportation infrastructure1 including commercial spaceports1 is vital to the growth of the domestic commercial space industry4 7b7 ,establishment 7#a7 ,in general ,the ,secretary shall establish1 within the ,office of ,commercial ,space ,transportation1 an ,office of ,spaceports to support1 promote1 enable1 establish1 and oversee domestic commercial spaceports4 7#b7 ,recognition ,in carrying out paragraph 7#a71 the ,secretary shall recognize the unique needs and distinctions of spaceports that launch to orbit and those that are involved in suborbital launch activities4 7c7 ,director ,the ,assistant ,secretary for ,commercial ,space ,transportation shall designate a ,director of the ,office of ,spaceports4 4 7b7 ,space transportation infrastructure matching grants 7#a7 ,definition ,section #eaaja of title #ea1 ,united ,states ,code1 is amended by adding at the end the following3 7#g7 ,secretary of ,transportation and ,secretary 7as used in reference to the ,secretary of ,transportation7 mean the ,secretary of ,transportation1 acting through the ,director of the ,office of ,spaceports4 4 7#b7 ,funding ,section #eaajb of title #ea1 ,united ,states ,code1 is amended by adding at the end the following3 7c7 ,funding ,of the amounts made available to the ,secretary under section #dhajc of title #di1 one-half of #a percent shall be set aside for project grants under this chapter4 4 7c7 ,conforming amendments 7#a7 ,the analysis for chapter #eji of title #ea1 ,united ,states ,code1 is amended by adding at the end the following3 #ejibd4 ,office of ,spaceports4 4 7d7 ,,gao study and report 7#a7 ,study ,the ,comptroller ,general of the ,united ,states shall conduct a study regarding spaceport activities carried out pursuant to chapter #eji of title #ea1 ,united ,states ,code1 including-- 7,a7 funding options such as establishing a common user fee for launch providers or launch customers2 7,b7 the adaptation of compliance requirements of the ,airport ,improvement ,program for the unique operation of spaceports2 and 7,c7 any necessary changes to improve the spaceport application review process4 7#b7 ,user-funded spaceports ,in reviewing funding options described under paragraph 7#a77;,a71 the ,comptroller ,general shall distinguish between spaceports that are user-funded and those that are not4 7#c7 ,report ,not later than #a year after the date of enactment of this ,act1 the ,comptroller ,general shall submit to ,congress a report containing the study required under paragraph 7#a74 7e7 ,,dot report ,not later than #a year after the date of enactment of this ,act1 the ,secretary1 in consultation with the ,secretary of ,defense1 the ,administrator of the ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration1 and the ,administrator of the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration1 shall submit to ,congress a report that-- 7#a7 describes the demand for launches and ways to improve and enhance space infrastructure2 7#b7 analyzes whether additional domestic spaceports1 particularly spaceports capable of launch to polar orbits1 are necessary to satisfy some of the demand2 and 7#c7 outlines any potential locations for such spaceports4 7f7 ,spaceport development ,if the report under subsection 7d7 contains a recommendation of a potential location for a spaceport1 the ,assistant ,secretary for ,commercial ,space ,transportation may collaborate with the applicable ,state government1 local government1 or private industry representing the area identified to facilitate the establishment and licensing of a spaceport4 #cjc4 ,situational awareness of objects in ,earth orbit 7a7 ,findings ,congress finds the following3 7#a7 ,earth's orbit contains spacecraft and debris that poses a great danger to other objects on orbit4 7#b7 ,the threat of collisions and increased space debris will only increase as barriers to access to space become lower1 and the number and types of governmental1 international1 and commercial space actors continue to grow4 7#c7 ,high-fidelity situational awareness of actors and objects in orbit is necessary to protect access to space and prevent catastrophic collisions4 7#d7 ,there are a growing number of commercial1 academic1 and international sources of space situation awareness data and analytical techniques that can significantly enhance the safety and efficiency of on-orbit activities4 7b7 ,amendment to title #ea 7#a7 ,in general ,chapter #eji of title #ea1 ,united ,states ,code1 is amended by adding at the end the following new section3 #ejibe4 ,information and services for situation awareness of objects in ,earth orbit 7a7 ,in general ,the ,secretary of ,transportation-- 7#a7 may-- 7,a7 obtain data and information from an entity for situational awareness of an object in ,earth orbit and the state of the space environment2 and 7,b7 provide information and services for situational awareness of an object in ,earth orbit and the state of the space environment to an entity if the ,secretary determines that providing such information or services contributes to the public health and safety1 the safety of property1 or the safety of persons in outer space and is consistent with the national security and foreign policy interests of the ,united ,states2 and 7#b7 shall establish a space situational awareness ,space ,awareness ,advisory ,committee that consists of commercial1 academic1 international1 and government space situational awareness data and analysis experts to advise the ,secretary on all matters related to obtaining1 and disseminating to stakeholders1 data and information regarding objects in ,earth orbit and the state of the space environment1 in order to ensure the protection of sensitive national security information and intellectual property while maximizing the accuracy of data and information to improve safety1 efficiency1 and innovation4 7b7 ,entities ,the ,secretary may provide information and services under subsection 7a7 to1 and may obtain data and information under subsection 7a7 from1 any entity1 including any of the following3 7#a7 ,a ,state4 7#b7 ,a political subdivision of a ,state4 7#c7 ,any other entity of the ,united ,states ,government4 7#d7 ,the government of a foreign country4 7#e7 ,a private or quasi-governmental entity organized under the laws of the ,united ,states or a foreign country4 7c7 ,agreement ,the ,secretary may not provide information or services under subsection 7a7 to an entity1 other than the ,united ,states ,government or an agency or instrumentality thereof1 unless the entity enters into an agreement with the ,secretary under which the entity-- 7#a7 agrees not to transfer any data or technical information received under the agreement1 including the analysis of data1 to any other entity without the express approval of the ,secretary2 and 7#b7 agrees to any other terms and conditions considered necessary by the ,secretary4 7d7 ,procedures ,the ,secretary shall1 in consultation with the ,space ,awareness ,advisory ,committee1 establish procedures to carry out this section4 7e7 ,contractor ,the ,secretary shall1 to the extent practicable1 provide information or services under this section through a contractor4 7f7 ,immunity ,the ,united ,states1 any agencies and instrumentalities thereof1 and any individuals1 firms1 corporations1 and other persons acting for the ,united ,states1 shall be immune from any suit in any court for any cause of action arising from the provision or receipt of space situational awareness information or services1 whether or not provided in accordance with this section1 or any related action or omission4 7g7 ,nondisclosure ,any information received under subsection 7a71 records of agreements entered into under subsection 7c71 or analyses or data provided as a part of the provision of services or information under this section shall be exempt from disclosure under section #eeb7;b77#c7 of title #e4 7h7 ,implementation plan 7#a7 ,in general ,not later than #f months after the date of enactment of this section1 the ,secretary of ,transportation1 in coordination with the ,secretary of ,defense1 the ,secretary of ,state1 the ,secretary of ,commerce1 the ,administrator of the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration1 the ,director of ,national ,intelligence1 and the heads of such other ,government departments and agencies as the ,secretary considers appropriate1 shall develop an implementation plan to establish the capability to provide information and services under subsection 7a74 7#b7 ,submission ,the ,secretary shall submit the implementation plan to the following congressional committees3 7,a7 ,the ,select ,committee on ,intelligence of the ,senate4 7,b7 ,the ,permanent ,select ,committee on ,intelligence of the ,house of ,representatives4 7,c7 ,the ,committee on ,armed ,services of the ,senate4 7,d7 ,the ,committee on ,armed ,services of the ,house of ,representatives4 7,e7 ,the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation of the ,senate4 7,f7 ,the ,committee on ,transportation and ,infrastructure of the ,house of ,representatives4 7,g7 ,the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives4 7#c7 ,execution ,not later than #a year after the submission of the implementation plans under paragraph 7#b71 the ,secretary of ,transportation1 in coordination with the ,secretary of ,defense1 the ,secretary of ,state1 the ,secretary of ,commerce1 the ,administrator of the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration1 the ,director of ,national ,intelligence1 and the heads of such other ,government departments and agencies as the ,secretary considers appropriate1 shall initiate the implementation plan1 including the testing of the capabilities necessary to carry out the objectives in subsection 7a77#a74 4 7#b7 ,conforming amendments 7,a7 ,the analysis for chapter #eji of title #ea1 ,united ,states ,code1 is amended by adding at the end the following3 #ejibe4 ,information and services for situation awareness of objects in ,earth orbit4 4 7,b7 ,section #ejiag7;a7 of such title is amended by inserting or of an agreement described in section #ejibd7;c7 before the period at the end4 #cjd4 ,space traffic management 7a7 ,in general ,chapter #eji of title #ea1 ,united ,states ,code1 is further amended-- 7#a7 in section #ejijb1 by adding at the end the following new paragraph3 7#bg7 space traffic management means a set of technical and regulatory provisions and processes used to oversee1 coordinate1 regulate1 and promote safe and responsible space activities4 2 and 7#b7 by adding at the end the following new section3 #ejibf4 ,space traffic management 7a7 ,designation ,not later than ,september1 #cj1 #bjbj1 the ,secretary of ,transportation1 in coordination with the ,secretary of ,defense1 the ,secretary of ,state1 the ,secretary of ,commerce1 the ,administrator of the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration1 the ,director of ,national ,intelligence1 and the heads of such other ,government departments and agencies as the ,secretary considers appropriate1 shall designate a lead ,government agency for space traffic management activities and services except for activities and services related to national security assets4 7b7 ,activities ,in carrying out space traffic management activities and services1 the lead agency designated under subsection 7a7-- 7#a7 shall use the information and services for situational awareness of objects in ,earth orbit collected under section #ejibe2 and 7#b7 may take such actions as are necessary to minimize the collision of objects in ,earth orbit that could jeopardize the safety of individuals in space1 degrade or destroy functional satellites1 or lead to the creation of significant amounts of orbital debris4 7c7 ,procedures ,not later than ,september #cj1 #bjbj1 the lead agency designated under subsection 7a7 shall1 by performance-based regulation1 establish procedures to prevent the collision of objects on orbit4 ,such procedures shall clearly define the rationales for actions taken by the lead agency under subsection 7b7 and the specific steps the lead agency will follow to reach any decisions4 ,such rationales and steps shall be clearly communicated to all affected actors4 ,in developing such procedures1 the head of the lead agency shall consider3 7#a7 ,compelling the movement of space objects4 7#b7 ,commenting on orbital regimes for non-governmental space objects during the launch or mission licensing process4 7#c7 ,requiring the placement of tracking devices on all objects launched into space4 7#d7 ,restricting unmaneuverable satellites from specific1 highly congested orbital regions4 4 7b7 ,conforming amendment ,the analysis for chapter #eji of title #ea1 ,united ,states ,code1 is further amended by adding at the end the following3 #ejibf4 ,space traffic management4 4 7c7 ,report on adjudication processes ,not later than #a year after the date of enactment of this ,act1 the ,secretary of ,transportation1 in consultation with relevant departments and agencies1 shall submit to ,congress a report on adjudication processes for actors affected by section #ejibf of title #ea1 ,united ,states ,code 7as added by subsection 7a774 ,such report shall contain statutory and regulatory recommendations4 7d7 ,prohibition on delegation of authority ,no space traffic management activities described under section #ejibf of title #ea1 ,united ,states ,code 7as added by subsection 7a771 may be performed by the ,federal ,aviation ,administration ,office of ,air ,traffic ,organization nor by any other entity with responsibility for air traffic control4 7e7 ,international standards and authorities ,upon the issuance of the regulations containing the procedures required under section #ejibe7;c7 of title #ea1 ,united ,states ,code1 the ,secretary of ,state shall seek to enter into bi- and multi-lateral agreements with other spacefaring nations based upon such regulations in order to normalize standards and authorities amongst spacefaring nations4 7f7 ,meeting of ,nations 7#a7 ,meeting of ,nations ,the ,secretary of ,state shall seek to convene a meeting of nations to develop a unified international space traffic management regime based on the norms of behavior set by ,federal law1 regulation1 and any bi- or multi-lateral agreement in place4 7#b7 ,coordination ,in developing the regime under paragraph 7#a71 the ,secretary of ,state shall-- 7,a7 work in coordination with the ,secretary of ,defense1 the ,secretary of ,transportation1 the ,secretary of ,commerce1 the ,administrator of the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration1 the ,director of ,national ,intelligence1 and the heads of such other ,government departments and agencies as the ,secretary determines appropriate2 and 7,b7 when practicable1 use existing multilateral mechanisms such as the ,united ,nations ,committee on the ,peaceful ,uses of ,outer ,space4 #cje4 ,space-based data 7a7 ,findings ,congress finds the following3 7#a7 ,the pace of development of new commercial space technologies and markets creates a beneficial opportunity for improving all space programs sponsored by the ,united ,states ,government4 7#b7 ,industry is developing smaller1 more affordable satellites which can be deployed in distributed constellations and enables cheaper launch services4 7#c7 ,these investments from the private sector can address critical ,government needs in space4 7b7 ,sense of ,congress ,it is the sense of ,congress that all appropriate ,federal agencies should explore how to take immediate advantage of the continued growth of space technologies1 data1 products1 infrastructure1 and services made available for commercial1 market driven purposes1 and should further establish programs to encourage the emergence of new commercial capabilities4 7c7 ,treatment of commercial space-,based weather data ,not later than #ij days after the date of enactment of this ,act1 and consistent with ,united ,states law and the ,national ,space ,policy issued ,june #bh1 #bjaj1 the ,administrator of the ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration shall promulgate specific rules regarding the ,administration's treatment of weather data acquired from commercial space-based systems with respect to ,resolution #dj of the ,world ,meteorological ,organization4 ,such rules shall-- 7#a7 ensure that the ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration does not release more than the minimum amount of data required under the ,resolution2 and 7#b7 consider data release time delays1 data tiers1 and ,resolution restrictions4 7d7 ,report on ,earth science missions ,not later than #bgj days after the date of enactment of this ,act1 the ,administrator of ,,nasa1 in consultation with the heads of other relevant ,federal agencies1 shall submit to the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives and the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation of the ,senate a report that includes-- 7#a7 an evaluation of how emerging capabilities in industry can provide new or alternative architectures for ,federal ,earth science missions that routinely collect data about atmospheric1 oceanic1 or terrestrial phenomena2 7#b7 an evaluation of how emerging capabilities in industry can provide new in-space platforms and services for affordable in-space technology demonstration1 new sensor and instrument development1 and other applications2 and 7#c7 a strategy for implementing new ,federal programs that leverage such commercial capabilities1 products1 and services more rapidly and efficiently4 #cjf4 ,department of ,commerce space-related activities 7a7 ,report 7#a7 ,in general ,not later than #ahj days after the date of enactment of this ,act1 the ,secretary of ,commerce shall provide to ,congress a report on feasibility and benefits of reorganizing portions of the ,department to better coordinate and support its space-related economic and regulatory activities4 7#b7 ,objectives ,objectives of such reorganization include-- 7,a7 stronger ,department of ,commerce leadership in interagency functions where space commerce activities are either regulated or reviewed2 and 7,b7 bringing the benefits of space-based economic activities more directly to the attention of the ,secretary4 7#c7 ,offices ,offices to be considered for this reorganization are the ,office of ,commercial ,remote ,sensing ,regulatory ,affairs1 the ,office of ,space ,commerce1 those portions of the ,international ,trade ,administration ,bureau of ,industry and ,security that may have unique space-related functions1 and other offices that the ,secretary determines to be appropriate4 7b7 ,prior comment ,prior to the submission of the report to ,congress1 the ,secretary shall allow for the ,advisory ,committee on ,commercial ,remote ,sensing to comment on the draft report4 ,such comments shall be transmitted to ,congress along with the report4 #cjg4 ,commercial remote sensing licensing reform 7a7 ,sense of ,congress ,the following is the sense of ,congress3 7#a7 ,the process for licensing commercial remote sensing under section #fjaba of title #ea1 ,united ,states ,code1 should be reformed to allow license applicants to understand the legitimate and identifiable technical1 national security1 or foreign policy issues being considered and which specific department or agency is considering them1 in an established1 responsive timeline4 7#b7 ,in order to protect ,united ,states leadership and commercial viability in remote sensing technologies1 the ,federal ,government should not limit commercial entities from providing remote sensing capabilities or data products that are already offered or available in the international marketplace4 7#c7 ,before the ,director of ,commercial ,remote ,sensing ,regulatory ,affairs denies a license application for1 or places any restrictions on1 a remote sensing license1 the ,director should take into account mitigation procedures that are in place under law1 regulation1 or contract to protect national security4 7b7 ,deadlines for license applications and reviews ,section #fjaba7;c7 of title #ea1 ,united ,states ,code1 is amended to read as follows3 7c7 ,deadline for action on application 7#a7 ,in general ,subject to paragraphs 7#b7 and 7#c71 the ,secretary shall review any license application and make a determination thereon within #fj days of the receipt of such license application4 7#b7 ,first extended review period ,if the ,secretary determines that additional time is necessary1 the ,secretary may extend the #fj-;day review period for a license application by not more than #cj days4 7#c7 ,second extended review period ,the ,secretary may extend the extended review period for a license application provided in paragraph 7#b7 by not more than an additional #cj days only if the ,secretary of ,defense or the ,director of ,national ,intelligence determines that such an extension is necessary due to national security concerns4 ,the ,secretary may not extend the extended review period an additional #cj days if the decision for extension is not made within #c days of the expiration of the review period described in paragraph 7#b74 4 7c7 ,rationale for denial ,section #fjaba of title #ea1 ,united ,states ,code1 is amended by adding at the end the following3 7f7 ,rationale for denial 7#a7 ,denial paperwork ,in any case in which the ,secretary denies a license under this subchapter1 the ,secretary shall provide the applicant with a copy of the denial within #cj days of the denial1 which shall identify any other ,federal entity with which the ,secretary consulted in making the decision4 ,subject to paragraph 7#b71 the copy of the denial shall include a clearly articulated rationale for the denial4 7#b7 ,classified information ,if the rationale for a denial described in paragraph 7#a7 includes classified information1 the ,secretary shall provide to the applicant all such information for which the license applicant has the required security clearance4 7#c7 ,submission to ,congress ,not later than #cj days after a license is denied under this subchapter1 the ,secretary shall submit to ,congress a copy of the denial and the clearly articulated rationale for the denial1 including all classified information4 4 7d7 ,retroactive licensing restrictions ,commercial remote sensing licensing restrictions shall only be changed retroactively for national security issues certified by the ,director of ,national ,intelligence4 ,should a retroactive change occur1 the affected actors shall be compensated for lost revenue from contracts signed based on services approved under the original license4 7e7 ,list of approved countries for direct downlink 7#a7 ,in general ,the ,secretary of ,commerce1 in consultation with the ,secretary of ,defense and the ,director of ,national ,intelligence1 shall keep a list of nations with respect to which ,united ,states commercial entities may receive expedited licensing action approval to directly downlink raw remote sensing data within resolution and license terms4 7#b7 ,considerations ,when determining the list described in paragraph 7#a71 the ,secretary shall consider nations where a valid export license can be obtained for space-related technology4 7#c7 ,review ,the ,secretary shall review the list described in paragraph 7#a7 once every #b years and update as necessary4 7f7 ,regulations 7#a7 ,notice of ,proposed ,rulemaking ,not later than #c months after the date of enactment of this ,act1 the ,secretary of ,commerce shall issue a ,notice of ,proposed ,rulemaking to revise regulations contained in part #ifj of title #ae1 ,code of ,federal ,regulations1 in order to create different categories of remote sensing licenses1 taking into consideration the national security concerns of the ,united ,states as well as-- 7,a7 the type of entity applying for a license1 such as an academic institution or commercial entity2 7,b7 the intended purpose of the license1 such as conducting research or developing operational constellations2 and 7,c7 whether the license is intended to be used for a one-time payload4 7#b7 ,revision of regulations ,not later than #a year after the date of enactment of this ,act1 the ,secretary shall revise the regulations described in paragraph 7#a7 pursuant to such paragraph4 #cjh4 ,weather 7a7 ,commercial space-,based data buys ,beginning in fiscal year #bjah and each fiscal year thereafter1 the ,administrator of the ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration shall include in its annual budget request a line item for commercial space-based data buys4 7b7 ,commercial solutions to programs of record ,when practicable1 the ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration shall incorporate commercial solutions1 including purchases of commercial data streams1 to update1 augment1 or serve as a follow-on to its existing programs of record1 and shall seek to avoid starting new programs of record unless such commercial solutions have been exhausted4 ,before commencing the development of any program1 the ,administrator shall certify to ,congress that no commercial capability or service1 with or without reasonable modifications1 can meet the requirements for which such program is being developed4 7c7 ,authorization ,for the purposes of commercial space-based data buys to meet mission requirements of the ,national ,environmental ,satellite1 ,data1 and ,information ,service1 there are authorized to be appropriated-- 7#a7 #ae1jjj1jjj for fiscal year #bjag2 7#b7 #cj1jjj1jjj for fiscal year #bjah2 7#c7 #ee1jjj1jjj for fiscal year #bjai2 7#d7 #ij1jjj1jjj for fiscal year #bjbj2 and 7#e7 #acj1jjj1jjj for fiscal year #bjba4 #cji4 ,american space competitiveness 7a7 ,enhanced payload review and determination 7#a7 ,sense of ,congress ,it is the sense of ,congress that section #ejijd of title #ea1 ,united ,states ,code1 provides the ,secretary of ,transportation with the authorities necessary to meet the obligations of the ,united ,states under the ,treaty on ,principles ,governing the ,activities of ,states in the ,exploration and ,use of ,outer ,space1 ,including the ,moon and ,other ,celestial ,bodies1 done at ,washington1 ,london1 and ,moscow on ,january #bg1 #aifg1 commonly known as the ,outer ,space ,treaty of #aifg4 7#b7 ,regulations required ,not later than #a year after the date of enactment of this ,act1 the ,assistant ,secretary for ,commercial ,space ,transportation shall issue such regulations as are necessary to provide for an enhanced review and determination process for payloads and associated activities after deployment pursuant to a license issued under chapter #eji of title #ea1 ,united ,states ,code4 ,such process shall provide for the following3 7,a7 ,the ,assistant ,secretary for ,commercial ,space ,transportation shall act as the final issuer of a launch or reentry license4 7,b7 ,review and determination by the ,assistant ,secretary1 with enhanced appropriate coordination with and participation by the ,department of ,state1 the ,department of ,defense1 the ,department of ,commerce1 ,,nasa1 the ,office of the ,director of ,national ,intelligence1 and other ,federal agencies1 consistent with applicable law4 7,c7 ,evaluation of disclosures from a payload owner or operator sufficient to determine if review and determination is necessary for a specific payload or payload class1 and if review and determination is found necessary-- 7i7 approval or denial of the planned activities associated with the deployed payload within #fj days after submission by the payload owner or operator1 with approval deemed if the ,assistant ,secretary does not reach a decision before the end of such period2 7ii7 establishment of specific conditions1 if necessary1 that ensure the deployment of the payload and associated activities-- 7,i7 are consistent with the international treaty obligations of the ,united ,states2 7,,ii7 do not harm the national security interests of the ,united ,states2 7,,iii7 do not result in harmful interference with approved and operating payloads and associated activities2 and 7,,iv7 do not harm historic artifacts2 7iii7 provision to the payload owner or operator of a clearly articulated rationale1 in any case in which the ,assistant ,secretary for ,commercial ,space ,transportation denies or intends to deny a launch or reentry license application due to the nature of the deployed payload and associated activities1 that-- 7,i7 shall not prejudice the ,assistant ,secretary in a subsequent review of the submission with remedies addressing the rationale2 and 7,,ii7 allows the applicant to access all relevant classified information for which the applicant or its assignees have the required security clearance2 7iv7 a requirement that the payload owner or operator-- 7,i7 inform the ,assistant ,secretary of any material changes to the payload or any associated activities prior to launch2 and 7,,ii7 report to the ,assistant ,secretary any material anomalies or departures from the submitted plan during the course of operations2 and 7v7 penalties for noncompliance with any conditions set forth in a license issued for the deployment of the payload and associated activities1 which may include-- 7,i7 a maximum civil penalty of #a1jjj1jjj1 that shall be adjudicated in district courts of the ,united ,states2 and 7,,ii7 the forfeiture of any current1 or denial of future1 launch or reentry licenses by or involving the payload owner or operator4 7#c7 ,exemptions ,the following payloads1 or classes of payload1 and associated activities are exempt from any regulations issued pursuant to this subsection3 7,a7 ,an activity subject to regulation by the ,federal ,communications ,commission under the ,communications ,act of #aicd 7#dg ,u4,s4,c4 #aea et seq47 or by the ,secretary of ,commerce under chapter #fja of title #ea1 ,united ,states ,code4 7,b7 ,a mission conducted for or with #a or more ,federal agencies1 and determined to be subject to sufficient supervision by the enhanced interagency review process established under paragraph 7#b77;,b74 7b7 ,exemption ,chapter #eji of title #ea1 ,united ,states ,code1 is amended-- 7#a7 by adding at the end the following new section3 #ejibd4 ,exemption from non-space transportation vehicle regulations ,no vehicle design or mission holding a permit or license under this chapter for purposes of space transportation shall be subject to any regulations promulgated by the ,federal ,aviation ,administration for purposes of regulating non-space transportation vehicles4 2 and 7#b7 in the analysis for such chapter1 by adding at the end the following new item3 #ejibd4 ,exemption from non-space transportation vehicle regulations4 4 7c7 ,prize account ,chapter #eje of title #ea1 ,united ,states ,code1 is amended-- 7#a7 by adding at the end the following new section3 #ejejg4 ,prize for commercial space activities 7a7 ,establishment ,the ,assistant ,secretary for ,commercial ,space ,transportation shall establish a prize for certain space-related activities carried out by a ,united ,states-owned commercial entity for activities under a license to operate space transportation under chapter #eji of this title4 7b7 ,eligible activities ,the activities for which an entity is eligible to receive a prize under this subsection shall include the following3 7#a7 ,operation of space stations beyond low-,earth orbit housing space flight participants or scientific experiments4 7#b7 ,lunar missions4 7#c7 ,asteroid missions4 7#d7 ,mars missions4 7#e7 ,debris clean up and salvage4 7#f7 ,point-to-point missions on ,earth4 7c7 ,requirements ,the ,assistant ,secretary shall promulgate the requirements for qualification for a prize under this subsection1 and the amount of such prize in relation to the activity accomplished4 2 and 7#b7 in the analysis for such chapter1 by adding at the end the following new item3 #ejejg4 ,prize for commercial space activities4 4 7d7 ,liability insurance and financial responsibility requirements ,section #ejiad of title #ea1 ,united ,states ,code1 is amended-- 7#a7 in subsection 7a77#a7-- 7,a7 the matter preceding subparagraph 7,a7 by inserting and property after obtain liability2 and 7,b7 in subparagraph 7,b7-- 7i7 by inserting 1 ,state1 or municipal government after ,united ,states ,government2 and 7ii7 by striking ,government property and inserting ,united ,states ,government1 ,state1 or municipal property1 as applicable12 and 7#b7 by striking subsection 7e7 and inserting the following3 7e7 ,launches or reentries involving government facilities and personnel ,the ,secretary of ,transportation shall establish requirements consistent with this chapter for proof of financial responsibility and other assurances necessary to protect ,federal1 ,state1 and municipal governments and their executive agencies and personnel from liability1 death1 bodily injury1 or property damage or loss as a result of a launch site or reentry site or a reentry involving a facility or personnel of a ,federal1 ,state1 or municipal government4 ,the ,secretary may not relieve a ,federal1 ,state1 or municipal government of liability under this subsection for death1 bodily injury1 or property damage or loss resulting from the willful misconduct of the ,federal1 ,state1 or municipal government or its agents4 4 7e7 ,credit for payloads launched by domestic launch providers 7#a7 ,in general ,subpart ,d of part ,,iv of subchapter ,a of chapter #a of the ,internal ,revenue ,code of #aihf is amended by adding at the end the following new section3 #de,s4 ,space payloads launched by domestic launch providers 7a7 ,in general ,for purposes of section #ch1 the space payload credit determined under this section for the taxable year is an amount equal to #aj percent of the sum of the insured value of all payloads of the taxpayer launched by a domestic launch provider1 or on a launch vehicle that meets the requirements of the ,buy ,american ,act 7#da ,u4,s4,c4 #hcja et seq471 during the taxable year4 7b7 ,domestic launch provider ,the term domestic launch provider means a domestic ,c corporation or partnership in the trade or business of providing launch services for space transportation pursuant to a license or permit under chapter #eji of title #ea1 ,united ,states ,code1 to conduct launch activities4 7c7 ,launch ,a space flight vehicle shall be treated as launched if the ignition of a main engine occurs on a launch pad1 a spaceport runway1 or when released from an airborne platform4 4 7#b7 ,credit made part of general business credit ,subsection 7b7 of section #ch of such ,code is amended by striking plus at the end of paragraph 7#ce71 by striking the period at the end of paragraph 7#cf7 and inserting 1 plus1 and by adding at the end the following new paragraph3 7#cg7 the space payload credit determined under section #de,s7a74 4 7#c7 ,clerical amendment ,the table of sections for subpart ,d of part ,,iv of subchapter ,a of chapter #a of such ,code is amended by adding at the end the following new item3 ,sec4 #de,s4 ,space payloads launched by domestic launch providers4 4 7#d7 ,effective date ,the amendments made by this subsection shall apply to taxable years beginning after the date of the enactment of this ,act4 7f7 ,study on lifting certain launch restrictions 7#a7 ,in general ,prior to any decision by the ,united ,states ,trade ,representative to lift a restriction on a commercial company utilizing an ,indian launch vehicle1 the ,united ,states ,trade ,representative shall-- 7,a7 notify the ,comptroller ,general of the ,united ,states of the intent to lift such restriction2 and 7,b7 allow for a public #cj-;day comment period1 beginning not earlier than the date of the submission of the study under paragraph 7#b71 on the proposed decision and the results of such study4 7#b7 ,study ,not later than #cj days after receiving a notification under paragraph 7#a71 the ,comptroller ,general of the ,united ,states shall submit to ,congress and the ,united ,states ,trade ,representative a study on the ramifications of lifting such restriction on the domestic launch industry4 7g7 ,loan guarantee program 7#a7 ,establishment ,the ,secretary of ,commerce shall establish a program to make loan guarantees to eligible entities to carry out eligible activities4 7#b7 ,objectives ,the objectives of the program established under paragraph 7#a7 are-- 7,a7 to promote the creation of jobs in the ,united ,states space sector1 including in manufacturing1 operations1 and construction2 and 7,b7 to encourage startup companies4 7#c7 ,eligible activities 7,a7 ,in general ,the ,secretary1 in consultation with the ,secretary of ,transportation1 the ,administrator of the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration1 the ,director of ,national ,intelligence1 and the ,secretary of ,defense1 shall develop a list of activities that may qualify for a loan guarantee under this subsection4 7,b7 ,considerations ,in developing the list of activities under subparagraph 7,a71 the ,secretary shall consider the following3 7i7 ,manufacturing-- 7,i7 satellites2 7,,ii7 space transportation vehicles2 and 7,,iii7 habitats4 7ii7 ,hardware necessary for operations of satellites and other space vehicles1 such as control centers and other ground stations4 7iii7 ,construction of1 upgrades to1 and maintenance of infrastructure necessary to support the space industry4 7iv7 ,technology research and development activities determined by the ,secretary to have the potential to advance the state of space-related technology in the ,united ,states4 7#d7 ,eligible entity defined ,the term eligible entity means-- 7,a7 a commercial entity that is domestically owned or a domestic subsidiary2 or 7,b7 an ,,faa-licensed spaceport4 7#e7 ,terms and conditions ,the ,secretary shall ensure that any guarantee made pursuant to this subsection is made in accordance with the same or substantially similar terms and conditions as contained in section #agjb of the ,energy ,policy ,act of #bjje 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #afeab74 7h7 ,electromagnetic spectrum for commercial space launch activities 7#a7 ,sense of ,congress ,it is the sense of ,congress that-- 7,a7 commercial space launch services have expanded over the past several years and are expected to continue growing1 to the benefit of national security and civil space interests2 and 7,b7 commercial space launch services will require assured access to the appropriate electromagnetic spectrum for their launch-related mission requirements4 7#b7 ,spectrum allocation and authorizations ,not later than #ahj days after the date of the enactment of this ,act1 the ,federal ,communications ,commission and the ,assistant ,secretary of ,commerce for ,communications and ,information1 in order to streamline the process for obtaining any necessary authorization to use electromagnetic spectrum for commercial space launch activities and thereby ensure certainty of access to the spectrum required for a robust and active commercial space launch services sector1 shall take such actions as are necessary to-- 7,a7 ensure that the process for obtaining such an authorization 7including the application process and the process for coordination between the ,commission and the ,assistant ,secretary and coordination between commercial space launch companies and other users of the spectrum7 is standardized and clearly defined2 7,b7 minimize the number and complexity of such authorizations required per launch mission1 to the extent practicable2 and 7,c7 allocate electromagnetic spectrum for commercial space launch activities on a co-primary1 interference-protected basis4 #caj4 ,space training aircraft 7a7 ,establishment ,the ,secretary of ,transportation shall establish a program to allow commercial entities to operate space training flights using aircraft with valid airworthiness certificates1 including those in an experimental category1 issued by the ,federal ,aviation ,administration4 7b7 ,exemptions ,a space training flight operating under the program shall not be subject to-- 7#a7 the aircraft certification requirements of part #aba of title #ad1 ,code of ,federal ,regulations2 and 7#b7 the prohibition on the operation of aircraft with experimental certificates carrying persons or property for compensation or hire under part #ia of title #ad1 ,code of ,federal ,regulations4 7c7 ,eligibility ,a space training flight is eligible for the exemptions under subsection 7b7 if-- 7#a7 such flight originates and terminates at an ,,faa-licensed spaceport2 7#b7 the commercial entity operating the space training flight provides written notification to all passengers describing the exemptions such flight qualifies for under this section2 and 7#c7 all passengers of the flight provide the commercial entity with written consent4 7d7 ,statutory ,construction ,nothing in this section shall be construed to prohibit a commercial entity from operating a flight using an experimental aircraft if such operation is otherwise permitted by law4 #caa4 ,workforce enhancement ,section #hc of the ,internal ,revenue ,code of #aihf is amended by adding at the end the following3 7i7 ,stock or option-,related compensation transferred by a startup domestic commercial space company 7#a7 ,in general ,any person described in paragraph 7#b7 may elect to include in his gross income for the taxable year in which such person sells or otherwise disposes of stock or options described in paragraph 7#b7 in an arm's length transaction1 the excess of-- 7,a7 the fair market value of such property at the time of such sale or disposition 7determined without regard to any restriction other than a restriction which by its terms will never lapse71 over 7,b7 the amount 7if any7 paid for such property4 ,if such election is made1 subsection 7a7 shall not apply with respect to the transfer of such stock or option4 7#b7 ,person described ,a person is described in this paragraph if the person-- 7,a7 performs services in connection with which stock or option-related compensation is transferred by a domestic commercial space company during any taxable year in which the company incurs start-up expenditures 7whether or not claimed by such company71 and 7,b7 does not own or is considered as not owning within the meaning of section #cah-- 7i7 more than #a percent of the outstanding stock of the corporation or stock possessing more than #a percent of the total combined voting power of all stock of the corporation1 or 7ii7 if the employer is not a corporation1 does not own more than #a percent of the capital or profits interest in the employer4 7#c7 ,domestic commercial space company ,the term domestic commercial space company means a company engaging in a line of business unique to a space company1 such as launch1 satellite operations1 software development1 satellite manufacturing1 spacecraft manufacturing1 and space transportation vehicle manufacturing1 with operations and employees based in the ,united ,states4 7#d7 ,start-up expenditures ,the term start-up expenditures has the meaning given such term by section #aie4 4