,i  #aad? ,,congress  #a/ ,session  ,h4 
,r4 #dfg  ,,9 ,,! ,,h\se ,,(            
,,repres5tatives  ,janu>y #bb1 #bjae    
,ms4 ,eddie ,b]nice ,johnson ( ,texas 7=
 h]self1 ,ms4 ,cl>k ( ,massa*usetts1    
,mr4 ,h9ojosa1 ,ms4 ,norton1 ,mr4       
,takano1 ,mr4 ,veasey1 ,mr4 ,k5n$y1 ,mr4
 ,honda1 ,ms4 ,l(gr51 ,ms4 ,bonamici1   
,ms4 ,slaught]1 ,mr4 ,danny ,k4 ,davis (
 ,ill9ois1 ,ms4 ,edw>ds1 & ,ms4         
,de,lauro7 introduc$ ! foll[+ bill2 :i* 
0 ref]r$ to ! ,committee on ,sci5ce1    
,space1 & ,te*nology  ,a ,,bill  ,to    
direct ! ,director ( ! ,(fice ( ,sci5ce 
& ,te*nology ,policy to c>ry out        
programs & activities to ensure t ,f$]al
 sci5ce ag5cies & in/itutions ( high]   
education receiv+ ,f$]al rese>* &       
developm5t fund+ are fully engag+ _!    
entire tal5t pool1 & = o!r purposes4    
#a4 ,%ort title2 f9d+s  7a7 ,%ort title 
,?is ,act may be cit$ z ! ,,/em         
,opportunities ,act ( #bjae4  7b7 ,f9d+s
 ,! ,congress f9ds ! foll[+3  7#a7 ,_m  
reports ov] ! pa/ decade h f\nd t x is  

critical to our ,nation's economic      
lead]%ip & global competitiv5ess t we   
educate & tra9 m sci5ti/s & eng9e]s4    
7#b7 ,rese>* %[s t wom5 & m9orities :o  
are int]e/$ 9 ,,/em c>e]s are           
disproportionately lo/ at ne>ly e       
educational transition4  7#c7 ,!        
,national ,c5t] = ,sci5ce & ,eng9e]+    
,/ati/ics at ! ,national ,sci5ce        
,f\ndation collects1 compiles1 &        
publi%es data on ! demographics ( ,,/em 
degrees & ,,/em jobs 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 
7#d7 ,wom5 n[ e>n ne>ly #dj p]c5t ( all 
,,/em ba*elor's degrees1 b major        
v>iations p]si/ among fields4 ,9 #bjab1 
wom5 e>n$ only #ai p]c5t ( all ba*elor's
 degrees aw>d$ 9 eng9e]+ & #ah p]c5t 9  
comput] sci5ces4 ,bas$ on ,bureau (     
,labor ,/ati/ics data1 jobs 9 comput+   
occupations are expect$ to acc\nt = ab\t
 #b_/c ( ! project$ annual gr[? ( newly 
creat$ ,,/em job op5+s f #bjab to #bjbb4
  7#e7 ,9 #bjab1 und]repres5t$ m9ority  
gr\ps compris$ #cf4d p]c5t ( !          
college-age population ( ! ,unit$       

,/ates1 b only #ad4g p]c5t ( /ud5ts e>n+
 ba*elor's degrees 9 ,,/em fields4 ,!   
,high] ,education ,rese>* ,in/itute at !
 ,univ]sity ( ,cali=nia1 ,los ,angeles1 
f\nd t1 :ile fre%m5 f und]repres5t$     
m9ority gr\ps express an int]e/ 9 pursu+
 a ,,/em und]graduate degree at ! same  
rate z all o!r fre%m51 only #bb4a p]c5t 
( ,lat9o /ud5ts1 #ah4d p]c5t (          
,african-,am]ican /ud5ts1 & #ah4h p]c5t 
( ,native ,am]ican /ud5ts /udy+ 9 ,,/em 
fields complete _! degree )9 #e ye>s1   
comp>$ to approximately #cc p]c5t & #db 
p]c5t #e-ye> completion rate = ,:ite &  
,asian /ud5ts1 respectively4  7#f7 ,9 "s
 ,,/em fields1 includ+ ! comput]        
sci5ces1 wom5 p]si/ at ab\t ! same rate 
?r\gh doctorate degrees4 ,9 o!r fields1 
includ+ ! physical sci5ces1 _! numb]s   
decrease by z mu* z #a 9 #d4 ,ov]all1   
wom5 e>n$ #ce p]c5t ( ,,/em doctorate   
degrees 9 #bjab4 ,! numb] ( m9ority     
/ud5ts e>n+ ,,/em doctorate degrees     
drops by ne>ly #b_/c4 ,/ud5ts f         
und]repres5t$ m9ority gr\ps acc\nt$ =   

only #e4e p]c5t ( ,,/em doctorate       
degrees aw>d$ 9 #bjab4  7#g7 ,!         
repres5tation ( wom5 9 ,,/em drops      
significantly aga9 at ! faculty level4  
,ov]all1 wom5 hold only #be p]c5t ( all 
t5ur$ & t5ure-track positions & #ag     
p]c5t ( full pr(essor positions 9 ,,/em 
fields 9 our ,nation's univ]sities &    
#d-ye> colleges4 ,black & ,hispanic     
faculty toge!r hold ab\t #f4e p]c5t (   
all t5ur$ & t5ure-track positions & #e  
p]c5t ( full pr(essor positions4 ,_m ( !
 numb]s 9 ! ,am]ican ,indian or ,alaskan
 ,native & ,native ,hawaiian or ,o!r    
,pacific ,isl&] categories = diff]5t    
faculty ranks 7 too small = ! ,national 
,sci5ce ,f\ndation to report publicly   
)\t pot5tially compromis+ confid5tial   
in=mation ab\t ! individuals be+        
survey$4  7#h7 ,! repres5tation ( wom5  
is especially l[ at our ,nation's top   
rese>* univ]sities4 ,ev5 9 ! biological 
sci5ces1 9 :i* wom5 n[ e>n m ?an #ej    
p]c5t ( ! doctorates & pass$ ! #be p]c5t
 level #ce ye>s ago1 wom5 make up only  

#be p]c5t ( ! full pr(essors at ! #ajj  
or s mo/ rese>*-int5sive univ]sities4 ,9
 ! physical sci5ces & ma!matics1 !y make
 up only #aa p]c5t ( ^! s5ior positions1
 9 comput] sci5ces only #aj p]c5t1 &    
across eng9e]+ fields only #g p]c5t4 ,! 
data sugge/ t approximately #f p]c5t (  
all t5ure-track ,,/em faculty memb]s at 
! mo/ rese>* int5sive univ]sities are f 
und]repres5t$ m9ority gr\ps1 b 9 "s     
fields ! numb]s are too small to report 
publicly4  7#i7 ,by #bjej und]repres5t$ 
m9orities w comprise #eb p]c5t ( !      
college-age population ( ! ,unit$       
,/ates4 ,if ! p]c5tage ( female /ud5ts &
 /ud5ts f und]repres5t$ m9ority gr\ps   
e>n+ ba*elor's degrees 9 ,,/em fields   
does n significantly increase1 ! ,unit$ 
,/ates w face an acute %ortfall 9 !     
ov]all numb] ( /ud5ts :o e>n degrees 9  
,,/em fields j z ,unit$ ,/ates companies
 are increas+ly seek+ /ud5ts ) ^?       
skills4 ,) ?is imp5d+ %ortfall1 ! ,unit$
 ,/ates w almo/ c]ta9ly lose its        
competitive edge 9 ! #ba/ c5tury global 

economy4  7#aj7 ,accord+ to a rec5t     
,association = ,wom5 9 ,sci5ce survey ( 
ov] #d1jjj sci5ti/s across ! globe1 #gj 
p]c5t ( :om 7 m51 ,,/em rese>*]s face   
significant *all5ges 9 "w-life          
integration4 ,rese>*]s 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates
 7 among ! mo/ likely to exp]i5ce a     
conflict betwe5 "w & _! p]sonal life at 
lea/ weekly4 ,"o-?ird ( rese>*]s survey$
 said t ensur+ good "w-life integration 
has negatively impact$ _! c>e]s1 &1 (   
rese>*]s int5d+ to leave _! curr5t job  
)9 ! next ye>1 #i p]c5t indicat$ x 0    
because !y 7 unable to balance "w & life
 dem&s4  7#aa7 ,female /ud5ts & /ud5ts f
 und]repres5t$ m9ority gr\ps at         
in/itutions ( high] education :o see few
 o!rs #8#8l !mselves'' among faculty &  
/ud5t populations (t5 d n exp]i5ce !    
social integration t is necess>y =      
success 9 all discipl9es1 includ+ ,,/em4
  7#ab7 ,a sub/antial body ( evid5ce    
e/abli%es t mo/ p hold implicit biases4 
,decades ( cognitive psy*ology rese>*   
reveal t mo/ p c>ry prejudices ( :i* !y 

are unaw>e b t none!less play a l>ge    
role 9 evaluations ( p & _! "w4         
,un9t5tional biases & outmod$           
in/itutional /ructures are h9d]+ !      
access & advancem5t ( wom5 & m9orities 9
 sci5ce & eng9e]+4  7#ac7 ,work%ops held
 to educate faculty ab\t un9t5tional    
biases h demon/rat$ success 9 rais+     
aw>5ess ( su* biases4  7#ad7 ,9 #bjab ! 
,national ,a]onautics & ,space          
,adm9i/ration's ,(fice ( ,div]sity &    
,equal ,opportunity complet$ a report   
specifically design$ to help ,,nasa     
grant recipi5ts id5tify :y ! de>? ( wom5
 9 ,,/em fields cont9ues & to ensure t x
 is n due to discrim9ation4 ,! report   
provides guidance to in/itutions ( high]
 education on h[ to conduct mean+ful    
self-evaluations ( campus culture &     
policies4 ,?is report & its guidance are
 equally applicable to all in/itutions (
 high] education receiv+ significant    
,f$]al rese>* fund+4  7#ae7 ,! ,f$]al   
,gov]nm5t provides ov] #fj p]c5t (      
rese>* fund+ at in/itutions ( high]     

education &1 ?r\gh its grant-mak+       
policies1 has _h significant influ5ce on
 in/itution ( high] education policies1 
includ+ policies relat$ to in/itutional 
culture & /ructure4  #b4 ,purpose  7a7  
,9 g5]al ,! ,director1 act+ ?r\gh !     
,f$]al sci5ce ag5cies1 %all c>ry out    
programs & activities ) ! purpose (     
ensur+ t ,f$]al sci5ce ag5cies &        
in/itutions ( high] education receiv+   
,f$]al rese>* & developm5t fund+ are    
fully engag+ _! entire tal5t pool4  7b7 
,purposes ,! purposes ( ?is ,act are z  
foll[s3 7#a7 ,to promote rese>* on &    
increase und]/&+ ( ! p>ticipation &     
trajectories ( wom5 & und]repres5t$     
m9orities 9 ,,/em c>e]s at in/itutions (
 high] education & ,f$]al sci5ce        
ag5cies1 includ+ ,f$]al laboratories4   
7#b7 ,to raise aw>5ess )9 ,f$]al sci5ce 
ag5cies1 includ+ ,f$]al laboratories1 & 
in/itutions ( high] education ab\t      
cultural & in/itutional b>ri]s limit+ ! 
recruitm5t1 ret5tion1 promotion1 & o!r  
indicators ( p>ticipation & a*ievem5t ( 

wom5 & und]repres5t$ m9orities 9        
academic & ,gov]nm5t ,,/em rese>* c>e]s 
at all levels4  7#c7 ,to id5tify1       
dissem9ate1 & implem5t be/ practices at 
,f$]al sci5ce ag5cies1 includ+ ,f$]al   
laboratories1 & at in/itutions ( high]  
education to remove or r$uce cultural & 
in/itutional b>ri]s limit+ ! recruitm5t1
 ret5tion1 & success ( wom5 &           
und]repres5t$ m9orities 9 academic &    
,gov]nm5t ,,/em rese>* c>e]s4  7#d7 ,to 
provide grants to in/itutions ( high]   
education to recruit1 reta91 & advance  
,,/em faculty memb]s f und]repres5t$    
m9ority gr\ps & to implem5t or exp&     
re=ms 9 und]graduate ,,/em education 9  
ord] to increase ! numb] ( /ud5ts f     
und]repres5t$ m9ority gr\ps receiv+     
degrees 9 ^! fields4  #c4 ,f$]al sci5ce 
ag5cy policies = c>egiv]s  7a7 ,,o/p    
guidance ,n lat] ?an #f mon?s aft] !    
date ( enactm5t ( ?is ,act1 ! ,director 
%all provide guidance to ,f$]al sci5ce  
ag5cies to e/abli% policies t--  7#a7   
apply to all-- 7,a7 intramural &        

extramural rese>* aw>ds2 &  7,b7 prim>y 
inve/igators :o h c>egiv+               
responsibilities1 includ+ c>e = a       
newborn or newly adopt$ *ild & c>e = an 
imm$iate family memb] :o is sick or     
disabl$2 &  7#b7 provide--  7,a7        
flexibility 9 tim+ = ! initiation (     
approv$ rese>* aw>ds2  7,b7 no-co/      
ext5sions ( rese>* aw>ds2  7,c7 grant   
supplem5ts z appropriate to rese>* aw>ds
 = rese>* te*nicians or equival5t to    
su/a9 rese>* activities2 &  7,d7 any o!r
 appropriate accommodations at !        
discretion ( ! director ( ea* ag5cy4    
7b7 ,uni=mity ( guidance ,9 provid+ su* 
guidance1 ! ,director %all enc\rage     
uni=mity & consi/5cy 9 ! policies across
 all ag5cies4  7c7 ,e/abli%m5t (        
policies ,consi/5t ) ! guidance provid$ 
"u ?is section1 ,f$]al sci5ce ag5cies   
%all ma9ta9 or develop & implem5t       
policies = c>egiv]s & %all broadly      
dissem9ate su* policies to curr5t &     
pot5tial grantees4  7d7 ,data on usage  
,f$]al sci5ce ag5cies %all-- 7#a7       

collect data on ! usage ( ! policies "u 
subsection 7c71 by g5d]1 at bo?         
in/itutions ( high] education & ,f$]al  
laboratories2 &  7#b7 report su* data on
 an annual basis to ! ,director 9 su* =m
 z requir$ by ! ,director4  #d4         
,collection & report+ ( data on ,f$]al  
rese>* grants  7a7 ,collection ( data   
7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,ea* ,f$]al sci5ce ag5cy  
%all collect /&>diz$ record-level annual
 in=mation on demographics1 prim>y      
field1 aw>d type1 review rat+ 7z        
practicable71 budget reque/1 fund+      
outcome1 & aw>d$ budget = all           
applications = m]it-review$ rese>* &    
developm5t grants to in/itutions ( high]
 education & ,f$]al laboratories        
support$ by t ag5cy4  7#b7 ,uni=mity &  
/&>dization ,! ,director %all e/abli% a 
policy to ensure uni=mity & /&>dization 
( ! data collection requir$ "u p>agraph 
7#a74  7#c7 ,record-level data  7,a7    
,requirem5t ,on an annual basis1 beg9n+ 
) ! deadl9e "u subp>agraph 7,c71 ea*    
,f$]al sci5ce ag5cy %all submit to !    

,director ( ! ,national ,sci5ce         
,f\ndation record-level data collect$ "u
 p>agraph 7#a7 9 ! =m requir$ by su*    
,director4  7,b7 ,previ\s data ,z "p ( !
 fir/ submission "u subp>agraph 7,a71   
ea* ,f$]al sci5ce ag5cy1 to ! ext5t     
practicable1 %all also submit comp>able 
record-level data = ! #e ye>s prec$+ !  
deadl9e "u subp>agraph 7,c74  7,c7      
,deadl9e ,! deadl9e "u ?is p>agraph is a
 date t is n lat] ?an #b ye>s aft] !    
date ( enactm5t ( ?is ,act4  7b7        
,report+ ( data ,! ,director ( !        
,national ,sci5ce ,f\ndation %all publi%
 /ati/ical summ>y data collect$ "u ?is  
section1 disaggregat$ & cross-tabulat$  
by race1 e?nicity1 g5d]1 age1 & ye>s    
s9ce completion ( doctoral degree1      
includ+ 9 conjunction ) ! ,national     
,sci5ce ,f\ndation's report requir$ by  
section #cg ( ! ,sci5ce & ,te*nology    
,equal ,opportunities ,act 7#db         
,u4,s4,c4 #ahhe;d2 ,public ,law         
#if-eaf74  #e4 ,policies = review (     
,f$]al rese>* grants  7a7 ,9 g5]al ,!   

,director1 9 collaboration ) ! ,director
 ( ! ,national ,sci5ce ,f\ndation1 %all 
id5tify in=mation & be/ practices useful
 = educat+ program (fic]s & memb]s ( /&+
 pe] review committees at ,f$]al sci5ce 
ag5cies ab\t--  7#a7 rese>* on implicit 
bias bas$ on g5d]1 race1 or e?nicity2 & 
7#b7 me?ods to m9imize ! effect ( su*   
bias 9 ! review ( extramural &          
intramural ,f$]al rese>* grants4  7b7   
,guidance to all ,f$]al sci5ce ag5cies  
,! ,director %all dissem9ate ! in=mation
 & be/ practices id5tifi$ 9 subsection  
7a7 to all ,f$]al sci5ce ag5cies &      
provide guidance z necess>y on policies 
to implem5t su* practices )9 ea* ag5cy4 
7c7 ,e/abli%m5t ( policies ,consi/5t ) !
 guidance provid$ 9 subsection 7b71     
,f$]al sci5ce ag5cies %all ma9ta9 or    
develop & implem5t policies & practices 
to m9imize ! effects ( implicit bias 9 !
 review ( extramural & intramural ,f$]al
 rese>* grants4  7d7 ,report to         
,congress ,n lat] ?an #b ye>s aft] !    
date ( enactm5t ( ?is ,act1 ! ,director 

%all report to ,congress on :at /eps all
 ,f$]al sci5ce ag5cies h tak5 to        
implem5t policies & practices to m9imize
 ! effects ( bias 9 ! review (          
extramural & intramural ,f$]al rese>*   
grants4  #f4 ,collection ( data on      
demographics ( faculty  7a7 ,collection 
( data  7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,n lat] ?an #c    
ye>s aft] ! date ( enactm5t ( ?is ,act1 
& at lea/ e #e ye>s !reaft]1 ! ,director
 ( ! ,national ,sci5ce ,f\ndation %all  
c>ry out a survey to collect            
in/itution-level data on ! demographics 
( ,,/em faculty1 by broad fields (      
,,/em1 at diff]5t types ( in/itutions ( 
high] education4  7#b7 ,consid]ations   
,to ! ext5t practicable1 ! ,director ( !
 ,national ,sci5ce ,f\ndation %all      
consid]1 by g5d]1 race1 e?nicity1       
citiz5%ip /atus1 age1 & ye>s s9ce       
completion ( doctoral degree-- 7,a7 !   
numb] & p]c5tage ( faculty2  7,b7 !     
numb] & p]c5tage ( faculty at ea* rank2 
7,c7 ! numb] & p]c5tage ( faculty :o are
 9 nont5ure-track positions1 includ+    

tea*+ & rese>*2  7,d7 ! numb] & p]c5tage
 ( faculty :o are review$ = promotion1  
includ+ t5ure1 & ! p]c5tage ( t numb] :o
 are promot$1 includ+ be+ aw>d$ t5ure2  
7,e7 faculty ye>s 9 rank2  7,f7 ! numb] 
& p]c5tage ( faculty to leave           
t5ure-track positions2  7,g7 ! numb] &  
p]c5tage ( faculty hir$1 by rank2 &     
7,h7 ! numb] & p]c5tage ( faculty 9     
lead]%ip positions4  7b7 ,exi/+ surveys 
,! ,director ( ! ,national ,sci5ce      
,f\ndation--  7#a7 may c>ry out !       
requirem5ts "u subsection 7a7 by        
collaborat+ ) /ati/ical c5t]s at o!r    
,f$]al ag5cies to modify or exp&1 z     
necess>y1 exi/+ ,f$]al surveys ( high]  
education2 or  7#b7 may aw>d a grant or 
contract to an in/itution ( high]       
education or o!r nonpr(it organization  
to design & c>ry out ! requirem5ts "u   
subsection 7a74  7c7 ,report+ data ,!   
,director ( ! ,national ,sci5ce         
,f\ndation %all publi% /ati/ical summ>y 
data collect$ "u ?is section1 includ+ z 
"p ( ! ,national ,sci5ce ,f\ndation's   

report requir$ by section #cg ( !       
,sci5ce & ,te*nology ,equal             
,opportunities ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4      
#ahhe;d2 ,public ,law #if-eaf74  7d7    
,au?orization ( appropriations ,!re are 
au?oriz$ to be appropriat$ to !         
,director ( ! ,national ,sci5ce         
,f\ndation #c1jjj1jjj 9 ea* ( fiscal    
ye>s #bjaf ?r\gh #bjah to develop & c>ry
 out ! initial survey requir$ 9         
subsection 7a74  #g4 ,cultural &        
in/itutional b>ri]s to exp&+ ! academic 
& ,f$]al ,,/em work=ce  7a7 ,be/        
practices at in/itutions ( high]        
education  7#a7 ,developm5t ( guidance  
,n lat] ?an #f mon?s aft] ! date (      
enactm5t ( ?is ,act1 ! ,director ( !    
,national ,sci5ce ,f\ndation %all       
develop writt5 guidance = in/itutions ( 
high] education on ! be/ practices =--  
7,a7 conduct+ p]iodic campus culture    
surveys ( ,,/em dep>tm5ts1 ) a p>ticul> 
focus on id5tify+ any cultural or       
in/itutional b>ri]s to or successful    
enabl]s = ! recruitm5t1 ret5tion1       

promotion1 & o!r indicators (           
p>ticipation & a*ievem5t1 ( wom5 &      
und]repres5t$ m9orities 9 ,,/em degree  
programs & academic ,,/em c>e]s2 &  7,b7
 provid+ educational opportunities1     
includ+ work%ops z describ$ 9 subsection
 7c71 = ,,/em faculty & adm9i/rators to 
le>n ab\t curr5t rese>* on implicit bias
 9 recruitm5t1 evaluation1 & promotion (
 faculty 9 ,,/em & recruitm5t &         
evaluation ( und]graduate & graduate    
/ud5ts 9 ,,/em degree programs4  7#b7   
,exi/+ guidance ,9 develop+ ! guidance 9
 p>agraph 7#a71 ! ,director ( !         
,national ,sci5ce ,f\ndation %all       
utilize guidance already develop$ by !  
,national ,a]onautics & ,space          
,adm9i/ration1 ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,en]gy1 & !
 ,dep>tm5t ( ,education4  7#c7          
,dissem9ation ( guidance ,! ,director ( 
! ,national ,sci5ce ,f\ndation %all     
broadly dissem9ate ! guidance develop$ 9
 p>agraph 7#a7 to in/itutions ( high]   
education t receive ,f$]al rese>* fund+4
  7#d7 ,reports to ! ,national ,sci5ce  

,f\ndation ,! ,director ( ! ,national   
,sci5ce ,f\ndation %all develop a policy
 t--  7,a7 applies to1 at a m9imum1 !   
in/itutions classifi$ "u ! ,indiana     
,univ]sity ,c5t] = ,po/second>y ,rese>* 
,c>negie ,classification on ,janu>y #a1 
#bjae1 z a doctorate-grant+ univ]sity ) 
a v high level ( rese>* activity2 &     
7,b7 requires ea* in/itution id5tifi$ 9 
subp>agraph 7,a71 n lat] ?an #c ye>s    
aft] ! date ( enactm5t ( ?is ,act1 to   
report to ! ,director ( ! ,national     
,sci5ce ,f\ndation on activities &      
policies develop$ & implem5t$ bas$ on ! 
guidance provid$ 9 p>agraph 7#a74  7b7  
,be/ practices at ,f$]al laboratories   
7#a7 ,developm5t ( guidance ,n lat] ?an 
#f mon?s aft] ! date ( enactm5t ( ?is   
,act1 ! ,director %all develop writt5   
guidance = ,f$]al laboratories to       
develop & implem5t practices & policies 
to-- 7,a7 conduct p]iodic laboratorywide
 culture surveys ( rese>* p]sonnel at   
all levels1 ) a p>ticul> focus on       
id5tify+ any cultural or in/itutional   

b>ri]s to ! recruitm5t1 ret5tion1 &     
success ( wom5 & und]repres5t$ m9orities
 9 ,,/em c>e]s at ,f$]al laboratories2 &
  7,b7 provide educational              
opportunities1 includ+ work%ops z       
describ$ 9 subsection 7c71 = ,,/em      
rese>* p]sonnel to le>n ab\t curr5t     
rese>* 9 implicit bias 9 recruitm5t1    
evaluation1 & promotion ( rese>*        
p]sonnel at ,f$]al laboratories4  7#b7  
,e/abli%m5t ( policies ,consi/5t ) !    
guidance provid$ 9 p>agraph 7#a71 ,f$]al
 sci5ce ag5cies ) ,f$]al laboratories   
%all ma9ta9 or develop & implem5t       
policies = _! respective ,f$]al         
laboratories4  7c7 ,work%ops ,to address
 cultural b>ri]s ,to exp&+ ! academic & 
,f$]al ,,/em work=ce  7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,n  
lat] ?an #f mon?s aft] ! date ( enactm5t
 ( ?is ,act1 ! ,director ( ! ,national  
,sci5ce ,f\ndation %all recomm5d a uni=m
 policy = ,f$]al sci5ce ag5cies to c>ry 
out a program ( work%ops t educate ,,/em
 dep>tm5t *airs at in/itutions ( high]  
education1 s5ior manag]s at ,f$]al      

laboratories1 & o!r f$]ally fund$       
rese>*]s ab\t me?ods t m9imize ! effects
 ( implicit bias 9 ! c>e] advancem5t1   
includ+ hir+1 t5ure1 promotion1 &       
selection = any honor bas$ 9 "p on !    
recipi5t's rese>* record1 ( academic &  
,f$]al ,,/em rese>*]s4  7#b7 ,int]ag5cy 
coord9ation ,! ,director ( ! ,national  
,sci5ce ,f\ndation %all ensure t        
work%ops support$ "u ?is subsection are 
coord9at$ across ,f$]al sci5ce ag5cies &
 jo9tly support$ z appropriate4  7#c7   
,m9imiz+ co/s ,to ! ext5t practicable1  
work%ops %all be held 9 conjunction )   
national or regional ,,/em discipl9>y   
meet+s to m9imize co/s associat$ )      
p>ticipant travel4  7#d7 ,priority      
fields = academic p>ticipants ,9        
consid]+ ! p>ticipation ( ,,/em dep>tm5t
 *airs & o!r academic rese>*]s1 !       
,director %all prioritize work%ops = !  
broad fields ( ,,/em 9 :i* ! national   
rate ( repres5tation ( wom5 among t5ur$ 
or t5ure-track faculty or non-faculty   
rese>*]s at doctorate-grant+ in/itutions

 ( high] education is less ?an #be      
p]c5t1 accord+ to ! mo/ rec5t data      
available f ! ,national ,c5t] = ,sci5ce 
& ,eng9e]+ ,/ati/ics4  7#e7             
,organizations eligible to c>ry out     
work%ops ,f$]al sci5ce ag5cies may c>ry 
out ! program ( work%ops "u ?is         
subsection by mak+ grants to eligible   
organizations4 ,9 addition to any o!r   
organizations made eligible by ! ,f$]al 
sci5ce ag5cies1 ! foll[+ organizations  
are eligible = grants "u ?is subsection3
 7,a7 ,nonpr(it sci5tific & pr(essional 
societies & organizations t repres5t "o 
or m ,,/em discipl9es4  7,b7 ,nonpr(it  
organizations t h ! prim>y mission (    
advanc+ ! p>ticipation ( wom5 or        
und]repres5t$ m9orities 9 ,,/em4  7#f7  
,*>act]i/ics ( work%ops ,! work%ops %all
 h ! foll[+ *>act]i/ics3  7,a7 ,invitees
 to work%ops %all include at lea/-- 7i7 
! *airs ( dep>tm5ts 9 ! relevant ,,/em  
discipl9e or discipl9es f at lea/ ! top 
#ej in/itutions ( high] education1 z    
det]m9$ by ! am\nt ( ,f$]al rese>* &    

developm5t funds obligat$ to ea*        
in/itution ( high] education 9 ! prior  
ye> bas$ on data available f ! ,national
 ,sci5ce ,f\ndation2 &  7ii7 9 ! case ( 
,f$]al laboratories1 individuals )      
p]sonnel managem5t responsibilities     
comp>able to ^? ( an in/itution ( high] 
education dep>tm5t *air4  7,b7          
,activities at ! work%ops %all include  
rese>* pres5tations & int]active        
discussions or o!r activities t increase
 ! aw>5ess ( ! exi/5ce ( implicit bias 9
 recruitm5t1 hir+1 t5ure review1        
promotion1 & o!r =ms ( =mal recognition 
( individual a*ievem5t = faculty & o!r  
f$]ally fund$ ,,/em rese>*]s & %all     
provide /rategies to ov]come su* bias4  
7,c7 ,rese>* pres5tations & o!r work%op 
programs1 z appropriate1 %all include a 
discussion ( ! unique *all5ges fac$ by  
und]repres5t$ sub-gr\ps1 includ+ m9ority
 wom51 m9ority m51 & fir/ g5]ation      
m9ority graduates 9 rese>*4  7,d7       
,work%op programs %all include in=mation
 on be/ practices = m5tor+ und]graduate 

& graduate wom5 & und]repres5t$ m9ority 
/ud5ts4  7#g7 ,data on work%ops ,any    
proposal = fund+ by an organization     
seek+ to c>ry out a work%op "u ?is      
subsection %all include a description ( 
h[ su* organization w-- 7,a7 collect    
data on ! rates ( att5dance by invitees 
9 work%ops1 includ+ in=mation on ! home 
in/itution & dep>tm5t ( att5dees1 & !   
rank ( faculty att5dees2  7,b7 conduct  
attitud9al surveys on work%op att5dees  
be=e & aft] ! work%ops2 &  7,c7 collect 
foll[-up data on any relevant           
in/itutional policy or practice *anges  
report$ by att5dees n lat] ?an "o ye>   
aft] att5dance 9 su* a work%op4  7#h7   
,report to ,,nsf ,organizations receiv+ 
fund+ to c>ry out work%ops "u ?is       
subsection %all report ! data requir$ 9 
p>agraph 7#g7 to ! ,director ( !        
,national ,sci5ce ,f\ndation 9 su* =m z 
requir$ by su* ,director4  7d7 ,report  
to ,congress ,n lat] ?an #d ye>s aft] ! 
date ( enactm5t ( ?is ,act1 ! ,director 
( ! ,national ,sci5ce ,f\ndation %all   

submit a report to ,congress t          
includes--  7#a7 a summ>y & analysis ( !
 types & frequ5cy ( activities &        
policies develop$ & c>ri$ out "u        
subsection 7a7 bas$ on ! reports        
submitt$ "u p>agraph 7#d7 ( su*         
subsection2 &  7#b7 a description &     
evaluation ( ! /atus & effectiv5ess ( ! 
program ( work%ops requir$ "u subsection
 7c71 includ+ a summ>y ( any data       
report$ "u p>agraph 7#h7 ( su*          
subsection4  7e7 ,au?orization (        
appropriations ,!re are au?oriz$ to be  
appropriat$ to ! ,director ( ! ,national
 ,sci5ce ,f\ndation #b1jjj1jjj 9 ea* (  
fiscal ye>s #bjaf ?r\gh #bjbj to c>ry   
out ?is section4  #h4 ,rese>* &         
dissem9ation at ! ,national ,sci5ce     
,f\ndation  7a7 ,9 g5]al ,! ,director ( 
! ,national ,sci5ce ,f\ndation %all aw>d
 rese>* grants & c>ry out dissem9ation  
activities consi/5t ) ! purposes ( ?is  
,act1 includ+--  7#a7 rese>* grants to  
analyze ! record-level data collect$ "u 
section #d & section #f1 consi/5t )     

policies to ensure ! privacy (          
individuals id5tifiable by su* data2    
7#b7 rese>* grants to /udy be/ practices
 = "w-life accommodation2  7#c7 rese>*  
grants to /udy ! impact ( policies &    
practices t are implem5t$ "u ?is ,act or
 t are o!rwise consi/5t ) ! purposes (  
?is ,act2  7#d7 collaboration ) o!r     
,f$]al sci5ce ag5cies & pr(essional     
associations to ex*ange be/ practices1  
h>monize "w-life accommodation policies 
& practices1 & ov]come common b>ri]s to 
"w-life accommodation2 &  7#e7          
collaboration ) in/itutions ( high]     
education 9 ord] to cl>ify & catalyze ! 
adoption ( a coh]5t & consi/5t set (    
"w-life accommodation policies &        
practices4  7b7 ,au?orization (         
appropriations ,!re are au?oriz$ to be  
appropriat$ to ! ,director ( ! ,national
 ,sci5ce ,f\ndation #e1jjj1jjj 9 ea* (  
fiscal ye>s #bjaf ?r\gh #bjbj to c>ry   
out ?is section4  #i4 ,report to        
,congress ,n lat] ?an #d ye>s aft] !    
date ( enactm5t ( ?is ,act1 ! ,director 

%all submit a report to ,congress t     
includes-- 7#a7 a description &         
evaluation ( ! /atus & usage ( c>egiv]  
policies at all ,f$]al sci5ce ag5cies1  
includ+ any recomm5dations = revis+ or  
exp&+ su* policies2  7#b7 a description 
( any significant updates to ! policies 
= review ( ,f$]al rese>* grants requir$ 
"u section #e1 & any evid5ce ( ! impact 
( su* policies on ! review or aw>d+ (   
,f$]al rese>* grants2 &  7#c7 a         
description & evaluation ( ! /atus (    
,f$]al laboratory policies & practices  
requir$ "u section #g7;b71 includ+ any  
recomm5dations = revis+ or exp&+ su*    
policies4  #aj4 ,national ,sci5ce       
,f\ndation support = increas+ div]sity  
among ,,/em faculty at in/itutions (    
high] education  7a7 ,grants ,!         
,director ( ! ,national ,sci5ce         
,f\ndation %all aw>d grants to          
in/itutions ( high] education 7or       
consortia !re(7 = ! developm5t (        
innovative re=m ef=ts design$ to        
increase ! recruitm5t1 ret5tion1 &      

advancem5t ( individuals f und]repres5t$
 m9ority gr\ps 9 academic ,,/em c>e]s4  
7b7 ,m]it review2 competition ,grants   
%all be aw>d$ "u ?is section on a       
m]it-review$1 competitive basis4  7c7   
,use ( funds ,activities support$ by    
grants "u ?is section may include-- 7#a7
 in/itutional assessm5t activities1 su* 
z data analyses & policy review1 9 ord] 
to id5tify & address specific issues 9 !
 recruitm5t1 ret5tion1 & advancem5t (   
faculty memb]s f und]repres5t$ m9ority  
gr\ps2  7#b7 implem5tation (            
in/itution-wide improvem5ts 9 workload  
di/ribution1 su* t faculty memb]s f     
und]repres5t$ m9ority gr\ps are n       
disadvantag$ 9 ! am\nt ( "t available to
 focus on rese>*1 publi%+ pap]s1 &      
engag+ 9 o!r activities requir$ to      
a*ieve t5ure /atus & run a productive   
rese>* program2  7#c7 developm5t &      
implem5tation ( tra9+ c\rses =          
adm9i/rators & se>* committee memb]s to 
ensure t c&idates f und]repres5t$       
m9ority gr\ps are n subject to implicit 

biases 9 ! se>* & hir+ process2  7#d7   
developm5t & ho/+ ( intra- or           
int]-in/itutional work%ops to propagate 
be/ practices 9 recruit+1 reta9+1 &     
advanc+ faculty memb]s f und]repres5t$  
m9ority gr\ps2  7#e7 pr(essional        
developm5t opportunities = faculty      
memb]s f und]repres5t$ m9ority gr\ps2   
7#f7 activities aim$ at mak+            
und]graduate ,,/em /ud5ts f             
und]repres5t$ m9ority gr\ps aw>e (      
opportunities = academic c>e]s 9 ,,/em  
fields2  7#g7 activities to id5tify &   
engage exceptional graduate /ud5ts f    
und]repres5t$ m9ority gr\ps at v>i\s    
/ages ( _! /udies & to enc\rage !m to   
ent] academic c>e]s2 &  7#h7 o!r        
activities consi/5t ) subsection 7a71 z 
det]m9$ by ! ,director ( ! ,national    
,sci5ce ,f\ndation4  7d7 ,selection     
process  7#a7 ,application ,an          
in/itution ( high] education 7or        
consortia !re(7 seek+ fund+ "u ?is      
section %all submit an application to ! 
,director ( ! ,national ,sci5ce         

,f\ndation at su* "t1 9 su* mann]1 &    
conta9+ su* in=mation & assurances z su*
 ,director may require4 ,! application  
%all include1 at a m9imum1 a description
 (--  7,a7 ! re=m ef=t t is be+ propos$ 
= implem5tation by ! in/itution ( high] 
education2  7,b7 any available evid5ce (
 specific difficulties 9 ! recruitm5t1  
ret5tion1 & advancem5t ( faculty memb]s 
f und]repres5t$ m9ority gr\ps 9 ,,/em   
academic c>e]s )9 ! in/itution ( high]  
education submitt+ an application1 & h[ 
! propos$ re=m ef=t w\ld address su*    
issues2  7,c7 h[ ! in/itution ( high]   
education submitt+ an application plans 
to su/a9 ! propos$ re=m ef=t beyond !   
duration ( ! grant2 &  7,d7 h[ ! success
 & effectiv5ess ( ! propos$ re=m ef=t w 
be evaluat$ & assess$ 9 ord] to         
contribute to ! national k base ab\t    
models = catalyz+ in/itutional *ange4   
7#b7 ,review ( applications ,9 select+  
grant recipi5ts "u ?is section1 !       
,director ( ! ,national ,sci5ce         
,f\ndation %all consid]1 at a m9imum--  

7,a7 ! likelihood ( success 9 und]tak+ !
 propos$ re=m ef=t at ! in/itution (    
high] education submitt+ ! application1 
includ+ ! ext5t to :i* ! adm9i/rators ( 
! in/itution are committ$ to mak+ !     
propos$ re=m ef=t a priority2  7,b7 !   
degree to :i* ! propos$ re=m ef=t w     
contribute to *ange 9 in/itutional      
culture & policy su* t great] value is  
plac$ on ! recruitm5t1 ret5tion1 &      
advancem5t ( faculty memb]s f           
und]repres5t$ m9ority gr\ps2  7,c7 !    
likelihood t ! in/itution ( high]       
education w su/a9 or exp& ! propos$ re=m
 ef=t beyond ! p]iod ( ! grant2 &  7,d7 
! degree to :i* evaluation & assessm5t  
plans are includ$ 9 ! design ( ! propos$
 re=m ef=t4  7#c7 ,grant di/ribution ,! 
,director ( ! ,national ,sci5ce         
,f\ndation %all ensure1 to ! ext5t      
practicable1 t grants aw>d$ "u ?is      
section are made to a v>iety ( types (  
in/itutions ( high] education4  7e7     
,au?orization ( appropriations ,!re are 
au?oriz$ to be appropriat$ to !         

,director ( ! ,national ,sci5ce         
,f\ndation #aj1jjj1jjj 9 ea* ( fiscal   
ye>s #bjaf ?r\gh #bjbj to c>ry out ?is  
section4  #aa4 ,national ,sci5ce        
,f\ndation support = broad5+            
p>ticipation 9 und]graduate ,,/em       
education  7a7 ,grants ,! ,director ( ! 
,national ,sci5ce ,f\ndation %all aw>d  
grants to in/itutions ( high] education 
7or consortia !re(7 to implem5t or exp& 
rese>*-bas$ re=ms 9 und]graduate ,,/em  
education = ! purpose ( recruit+ &      
reta9+ /ud5ts f m9ority gr\ps :o are    
und]repres5t$ 9 ,,/em fields1 ) a       
priority focus on natural sci5ce &      
eng9e]+ fields4  7b7 ,m]it review2      
competition ,grants %all be aw>d$ "u ?is
 section on a m]it-review$1 competitive 
basis4  7c7 ,use ( funds ,activities    
support$ by grants "u ?is section may   
include--  7#a7 implem5tation or        
expansion ( innovative1 rese>*-bas$     
approa*es to broad5 p>ticipation (      
und]repres5t$ m9ority gr\ps 9 ,,/em     
fields2  7#b7 implem5tation or expansion

 ( bridge1 cohort1 tutor+1 or m5tor+    
programs design$ to enhance ! recruitm5t
 & ret5tion ( /ud5ts f und]repres5t$    
m9ority gr\ps 9 ,,/em fields2  7#c7     
implem5tation or expansion ( outrea*    
programs l9k+ in/itutions ( high]       
education & ,k-#ab s*ool sy/ems 9 ord]  
to height5 aw>5ess among pre-college    
/ud5ts f und]repres5t$ m9ority gr\ps (  
opportunities 9 college-level ,,/em     
fields & ,,/em c>e]s2  7#d7             
implem5tation or expansion ( faculty    
developm5t programs focus$ on improv+   
ret5tion ( und]graduate ,,/em /ud5ts f  
und]repres5t$ m9ority gr\ps2  7#e7      
implem5tation or expansion ( me*anisms  
design$ to recognize & rew>d faculty    
memb]s :o demon/rate a commitm5t to     
increas+ ! p>ticipation ( /ud5ts f      
und]repres5t$ m9ority gr\ps 9 ,,/em     
fields2  7#f7 expansion ( successful    
re=ms aim$ at increas+ ! numb] ( ,,/em  
/ud5ts f und]repres5t$ m9ority gr\ps    
beyond a s+le c\rse or gr\p ( c\rses to 
a*ieve re=m )9 an entire academic unit1 

or expansion ( successful re=m ef=ts    
beyond a s+le academic unit to o!r ,,/em
 academic units )9 an in/itution ( high]
 education2  7#g7 expansion (           
opportunities = /ud5ts f und]repres5t$  
m9ority gr\ps to conduct ,,/em rese>* 9 
indu/ry1 at ,f$]al labs1 & at           
int]national rese>* in/itutions or      
rese>* sites2  7#h7 provision ( /ip5ds =
 /ud5ts f und]repres5t$ m9ority gr\ps   
p>ticipat+ 9 rese>*2  7#i7 developm5t ( 
rese>* collaborations betwe5            
rese>*-int5sive univ]sities & prim>ily  
und]graduate m9ority-s]v+ in/itutions2  
7#aj7 support = graduate /ud5ts &       
po/doctoral fell[s f und]repres5t$      
m9ority gr\ps to p>ticipate 9           
in/ructional or assessm5t activities at 
prim>ily und]graduate in/itutions1      
includ+ prim>ily und]graduate           
m9ority-s]v+ in/itutions & two-ye>      
in/itutions ( high] education2 &  7#aa7 
o!r activities consi/5t ) subsection    
7a71 z det]m9$ by ! ,director ( !       
,national ,sci5ce ,f\ndation4  7d7      

,selection process  7#a7 ,application   
,an in/itution ( high] education 7or    
consortia !re(7 seek+ a grant "u ?is    
section %all submit an application to ! 
,director ( ! ,national ,sci5ce         
,f\ndation at su* "t1 9 su* mann]1 &    
conta9+ su* in=mation & assurances z su*
 ,director may require4 ,! application  
%all include1 at a m9imum--  7,a7 a     
description ( ! propos$ re=m ef=t2  7,b7
 a description ( ! rese>* f9d+s t w s]ve
 z ! basis = ! propos$ re=m ef=t or1 9 !
 case ( applications t propose an       
expansion ( a previ\sly implem5t$ re=m1 
a description ( ! previ\sly implem5t$   
re=m ef=t1 includ+ data ab\t !          
recruitm5t1 ret5tion1 & academic        
a*ievem5t ( /ud5ts f und]repres5t$      
m9ority gr\ps2  7,c7 evid5ce ( an       
in/itutional commitm5t to1 & support =1 
! propos$ re=m ef=t1 includ+ a long-t]m 
commitm5t to implem5t successful        
/rategies f ! curr5t re=m beyond !      
academic unit or units includ$ 9 ! grant
 proposal2  7,d7 a description ( exi/+  

or plann$ in/itutional policies &       
practices reg>d+ faculty hir+1          
promotion1 t5ure1 & tea*+ assignm5t t   
rew>d faculty contributions to improv+ !
 education ( /ud5ts f und]repres5t$     
m9ority gr\ps 9 ,,/em2 &  7,e7 h[ !     
success & effectiv5ess ( ! propos$ re=m 
ef=t w be evaluat$ & assess$ 9 ord] to  
contribute to ! national k base ab\t    
models = catalyz+ in/itutional *ange4   
7#b7 ,review ( applications ,9 select+  
grant recipi5ts "u ?is section1 !       
,director ( ! ,national ,sci5ce         
,f\ndation %all consid]1 at a m9imum--  
7,a7 ! likelihood ( success ( ! propos$ 
re=m ef=t at ! in/itution submitt+ !    
application1 includ+ ! ext5t to :i* !   
faculty1 /aff1 & adm9i/rators ( !       
in/itution are committ$ to mak+ !       
propos$ in/itutional re=m a priority ( !
 p>ticipat+ academic unit or units2     
7,b7 ! degree to :i* ! propos$ re=m ef=t
 w contribute to *ange 9 in/itutional   
culture & policy su* t great] value is  
plac$ on faculty engagem5t 9 ! ret5tion 

( /ud5ts f und]repres5t$ m9ority gr\ps2 
7,c7 ! likelihood t ! in/itution w su/a9
 or exp& ! propos$ re=m ef=t beyond !   
p]iod ( ! grant2 &  7,d7 ! degree to :i*
 evaluation & assessm5t plans are       
includ$ 9 ! design ( ! propos$ re=m     
ef=t4  7#c7 ,priority ,= applications t 
include an expansion ( exi/+ re=ms      
beyond a s+le academic unit1 ! ,director
 ( ! ,national ,sci5ce ,f\ndation %all  
give priority to applications = :i* a   
s5ior in/itutional adm9i/rator1 su* z a 
dean or o!r adm9i/rator ( equal or high]
 rank1 s]ves z ! pr9cipal inve/igator4  
7#d7 ,grant di/ribution ,! ,director ( !
 ,national ,sci5ce ,f\ndation %all      
ensure1 to ! ext5t practicable1 t grants
 aw>d$ "u ?is section are made to a     
v>iety ( types ( in/itutions ( high]    
education1 includ+ two-ye> &            
m9ority-s]v+ in/itutions ( high]        
education4  7e7 ,education rese>*  7#a7 
,9 g5]al ,all grants made "u ?is section
 %all include an education rese>*       
compon5t t w support ! design &         

implem5tation ( a sy/em = data          
collection & evaluation ( propos$ re=m  
ef=ts 9 ord] to build ! k base on       
promis+ models = increas+ recruitm5t &  
ret5tion ( /ud5ts f und]repres5t$       
m9ority gr\ps 9 ,,/em education at !    
und]graduate level across a div]se set (
 in/itutions4  7#b7 ,dissem9ation ,!    
,director ( ! ,national ,sci5ce         
,f\ndation %all coord9ate ) relevant    
,f$]al ag5cies 9 dissem9at+ ! results ( 
! rese>* "u ?is subsection to ensure t  
be/ practices 9 broad5+ p>ticipation 9  
,,/em education at ! und]graduate level 
are made readily available to all       
in/itutions ( high] education1 o!r      
,f$]al ag5cies t support ,,/em programs1
 non-,f$]al fund]s ( ,,/em education1 & 
! g5]al public4  7f7 ,au?orization (    
appropriations ,!re are au?oriz$ to be  
appropriat$ to ! ,director ( ! ,national
 ,sci5ce ,f\ndation #ae1jjj1jjj 9 ea* ( 
fiscal ye>s #bjaf ?r\gh #bjbj to c>ry   
out ?is section4  #ab4 ,def9itions ,9   
?is ,act3  7#a7 ,director ,! t]m        

,director means ! ,director ( ! ,(fice (
 ,sci5ce & ,te*nology ,policy 7,,o/p74  
7#b7 ,f$]al laboratory ,! t]m ,f$]al    
laboratory has ! mean+ giv5 su* t]m 9   
section #d ( ! ,/ev5son-,wydl]          
,te*nology ,innovation ,act ( #aihj 7#ae
 ,u4,s4,c4 #cgjc74  7#c7 ,f$]al sci5ce  
ag5cy ,! t]m ,f$]al sci5ce ag5cy means  
any ,f$]al ag5cy ) at lea/ #ajj1jjj1jjj 
9 rese>* & developm5t exp5ditures 9     
fiscal ye> #bjad4  7#d7 ,in/itution (   
high] education ,! t]m in/itution (     
high] education has ! mean+ giv5 su* t]m
 9 section #aja7;a7 ( ! ,high]          
,education ,act ( #aife 7#bj ,u4,s4,c4  
#ajja7;a774  7#e7 ,,/em ,! t]m ,,/em    
means ! academic & pr(essional          
discipl9es ( sci5ce1 te*nology1 eng9e]+1
 & ma!matics4