,i  #aad? ,,congress  #b;d ,session  ,h4
 ,r4 #dcac  ,,9 ,,! ,,h\se ,,(          
,,repres5tatives  ,janu>y #e1 #bjaf ,mr4
 ,cook 7= himself1 ,mrs4 ,kirkpatrick1  
,mr4 ,gos>1 ,mr4 ,/ew>t1 & ,mr4 ,tipton7
 introduc$ ! foll[+ bill2 :i* 0 ref]r$  
to ! ,committee on ,natural ,res\rces   
,a ,,bill  ,to e/abli% a proc$ure =     
resolv+ claims to c]ta9 rights-(-way4   
#a4 ,%ort title1 f9d+s1 & purpose  7a7  
,%ort title ,?is ,act may be cit$ z !   
,hi/oric ,r\tes ,pres]vation ,act4  7b7 
,f9d+s ,congress f9ds ! foll[+3  7#a7 ,!
 ,act ( ,july #bf1 #ahff 7#dc ,u4,s4,c4 
#icb71 provid$ = an op5-end$ grant ( !  
"r ( way = ! con/ruction ( highways ov] 
public l&s1 n res]v$ = public use44     
7#b7 ,! purpose ( t ,act 0 to enc\rage !
 op5+1 expansion1 settlem5t1 use &      
developm5t ( ! ,am]ican ,we/4           
,rights-(-way e/abli%$ by use ov] l& 9 !
 public doma9 are n t]m9at$ or ab&on$ by
 subsequ5t ,f$]al grants ( ! prop]ty    
und]ly+ ! rights-(-way & ,f$]al attempts
 to reacquire ! rights-(-way or         

res]vation by ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t4       
,in/ead1 all rights-(-way accept$ be=e  
,octob] #ba1 #aigf1 cont9ue z easem5ts t
 c be us$ by ! public4  7#c7 ,unlike    
rights-(-way grant$ "u ,,flpma1 ! grant 
( ,r4,s4 #bdgg rights-(-way 0 complete  
on its face1 & no =malities1 su* z      
notice1 entry1 lic5se1 lease1           
application1 de$1 pat5t1 he>+1 or =mal  
public writt5 or oral acceptance 7      
requir$ to e/abli% public rights-(-way  
"u ,r4,s4 #bdgg4 ,t law simply requir$  
"s limit$ degree ( con/ruction activity 
on ! l& necess>y or advisable to enable 
passage ov] x or m]e public usage = "s  
undef9$ am\nt ( "t4  7#d7 ,:5 e>ly      
,r4,s4 #bdgg "r-(-way grants 7 made &   
accept$1 ! ,unit$ ,/ates _h no laws or  
regulations gov]n+ ! e/abli%m5t or use (
 roads & rights-(-way2 s ! t]ritories1  
!n ! ,/ates1 provid$ e>ly int]pretive   
guidance on ! action ! use or           
con/ruction activity--necess>y to accept
 & e/abli% ! scope ( ^? rights-(-way4   
7#e7 ,"s rights-(-way e/abli%$ "u ,r4,s4

 #bdgg 7 easily id5tifi$1 includ+       
?or\ghf>es t connect$ settlem5ts1 t[ns &
 trade c5t]s1 po/al r\tes1 r\tes =      
int]-t]ritory comm]ce1 & ! l4 ,b !      
rights-(-way = less] kn[n1 or less] us$1
 rights-(-way 7p]haps e/abli%$ z        
s+le-p]son trails1 horse trails1 m9+    
trails1 fur trade r\tes1 wagon r\tes1 & 
o!r simil> or less] uses7 h be5 m       
difficult to id5tify2 & special int]e/  
organizations1 bus9ess & gov]nm5t h     
argu$ = v>i\s int]pretations reg>d+ !   
e/abli%m5t1 acceptance & scope ( ,r4,s4 
#bdgg rights-(-way4 ,^? disputes h (t5  
result$ 9 unsuccessful settlem5t        
negotiations & exp5sive "t-consum+      
litigation to e/abli% ,r4,s4 #bdgg      
rights-(-way4  7#f7 ,aft] decades (     
lawsuits1 case-by-case negotiations1 law
 review articles1 exp]t comm5t>y1 &     
v>i\s issu$ & reissu$ gov]nm5t policies 
& proc$ures on po9t1 !re is /ill no     
consi/5t def9ition or agreem5t reg>d+   
:at evid5ce or action is requir$ to     
e/abli% a ,r4,s4 #bdgg "r-(-way1 :e!r   

,/ate or ,f$]al law gov]ns ,r4,s4 #bdgg 
grants1 & :at ! scope ( ,r4,s4 #bdgg    
rights-(-way are today4 ,! unc]ta9ty may
 be due1 9 sub/antial "p1 to ! fact t   
rights creat$ by pa/ laws1 su* z ,r4,s4 
#bdgg1 are g5]ally int]pret$ accord+ to 
! und]/&+ ( t]m9ology at ! "t ( passage3
 ,! hi/oric mean+ ( ! /atutory language 
z det]m9$ ) ref]5ce to ! surr\nd+       
environm5t & ev5ts ( ! day4  7#g7       
,al?\gh c\rt decisions h provid$ mu* ( !
 guidance 9 quiet+ title to rights-(-way
 "u ,r4,s4 #bdgg1 !y h (t5 incorporat$  
diff]+ ,/ate law to def9e ! acceptance &
 scope ( ,r4,s4 #bdgg rights-(-way1     
result+ 9 inconsi/5t outcomes "u simil> 
facts4 ,!re is /ill s5tim5t1 app>5t f   
comm5ts by ,f$]al p>ties 9 ,r4,s4 #bdgg 
litigation1 t int]pretation &           
application ( ,r4,s4 #bdgg %\ld be left 
exclusively to ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t4  7#h7
 ,app>5tly int5d+ to br+ "s c]ta9ty to  
,r4,s4 #bdgg "r-(-way claims1 9 #aihh   
,secret>y ( ! ,int]ior ,hodel e/abli%$ a
 ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,int]ior policy t w\ld   

v]ify ,r4,s4 #bdgg rights-(-way & all[ !
 ,dep>tm5t to record !m 9 ,dep>tm5t l&  
records if--  7,a7 !y 7 n res]v$ public 
l&s at ! "t !y 7 put into public use2   
7,b7 !re 0 "s m9imal con/ruction to     
enable public passage1 su* z cle>+      
vegetation or remov+ ob/ructions2 &     
7,c7 ! ,r4,s4 #bdgg r\te 0 op5 to public
 use by p$e/rians1 pack animal1 wagons  
or motoriz$ vehicles4  7#i7 ,nev]!less1 
! policy did n au?orize ! ,dep>tm5t ( ! 
,int]ior to adjudicate applications =   
,r4,s4 #bdgg rights-(-way4  7#aj7 ,a m  
re/rictive approa* evolv$ "u ,secret>y (
 ! ,int]ior ,babbitt t1 among o!r       
re/rictions1 sub/antially limit$        
motoriz$ vehicle access to ,f$]al l&s & 
requir$ m ?an m]e use to e/abli%        
con/ruction necess>y to accept a ,r4,s4 
#bdgg "r-(-way grant4 ,accord+ly1 !     
,f$]al ,bureau ( ,l& ,managem5t 7!      
,,blm7 0 requir$ to det]m9e :e!r        
con/ruction equival5t to build+ road    
/ructures _h occurr$ 9 ^? in/ances :]e a
 ,r4,s4 #bdgg "r-(-way 0 claim$4  7#aa7 

,app>5tly 9 response to ,secret>y       
,babbitt's /rict policy1 ,congress      
enact$ a tempor>y moratorium1 foll[$ by 
section #ajh ( ! ,omnibus ,consolidat$  
,appropriations ,act1 #aiig1 :i* /ates1 
9 "p1 t ,no f9al rule or regulation (   
any ag5cy ( ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t p]ta9+ to
 ! recognition1 managem5t1 or validity (
 a "r-(-way pursuant to ,revis$ ,/atute 
#bdgg 7#dc ,u4,s4,c4 #icb7 %all take    
effect unless expressly au?oriz$ by an  
,act ( ,congress subsequ5t to ! date (  
enactm5t ( ?is ,act44 ,t law has be5    
det]m9$ to be p]man5t4  7#ab7 ,unc]ta9ty
 lead+ to litigation & o!r exp5sive =ms 
( dispute resolution reg>d+ public      
acceptance & "r to use ,r4,s4 #bdgg     
rights-(-way has p]si/$ = m ?an #ajj    
ye>s4 ,al?\gh ,congress 9 ! e>ly #aiijs 
receiv$ a report f ! ,dep>tm5t ( !      
,int]ior sugge/+ a ,f$]al adm9i/rative  
process 0 necess>y to =mally recognize  
validly accept$ ,r4,s4 #bdgg            
rights-(-way1 t process has n be5       
implem5t$ & !re is limit$1 inconsi/5t   

action by ,f$]al adm9i/rative ag5cies & 
dep>tm5ts to det]m9e :e!r a ,r4,s4 #bdgg
 grant has be5 accept$ by ! public1 ?us 
indicat+ an app>5t pref]5ce by ! ,f$]al 
,gov]nm5t to h ! c\rts decide ,r4,s4    
#bdgg claims4  7#ac7 ,x is 9 ! be/      
int]e/ ( ! public & gov]nm5t to e/abli% 
consi/5t1 cle> & conclusive direction to
 timely evaluate & (ficially recognize  
valid ,r4,s4 #bdgg claims1 to provide a 
legislative framework = objectively     
a*iev+ ^? ends )9 cle>ly limit$         
timeframes & ) m9imal executive &       
adm9i/rative involvem5t1 & to m9imize   
co/s & delays typically associat$ )     
litigat+ ,r4,s4 #bdgg claims4  7c7      
,purpose ,! purpose ( ?is ,act is to    
a*ieve judicial & adm9i/rative          
effici5cy1 & to r$uce co/s typically    
associat$ ) resolv+ ,r4,s4 #bdgg        
"r-(-way claims by e/abli%+ a deadl9e = 
fil+ ^? claims1 e/abli%+ m&atory        
proc$ures = consid]+ & act+ on ^?       
claims1 & requir+ ,f$]al adm9i/rative   
action to f9ally resolve ^? claims4  #b4

 ,def9itions  ,z us$ 9 ?is ,act3 7#a7   
,ab&on or ab&onm5t ,! t]ms ab&on &      
ab&onm5t mean normal action by ! gov]n+ 
body ( a claimant tak5 at a public meet+
 pursuant to notice t decl>es all "r1   
title & claim to any "r-(-way or        
"r-(-way grant "u ,r4,s4 #bdgg is       
rel9qui%$4  7#b7 ,acceptance or accept$ 
,! t]ms acceptance & accept$ mean !     
con/ruction & cont9u\s public use =     
passage ov] a ,r4,s4 #bdgg "r-(-way4    
7#c7 ,au?ority or au?oriz$ (fic] ,! t]ms
 ,au?ority & ,au?oriz$ ,(fic] mean !    
,secret>y's designee 9 ! ,f$]al         
dep>tm5t1 ag5cy1 enclave1 res]vation or 
in/allation "u ! ,secret>y's            
jurisdiction4  7#d7 ,claim ,! t]m claim 
means ! writt5 docum5t requir$ "u       
section #c1 9 =m e/abli%$ by !          
,secret>y1 ,au?ority or ,au?oriz$       
,(fic]1 :i* %all be made available = use
 by any claimant n lat] ?an #cj days    
aft] ! effective date ( ?is ,act4  7#e7 
,claimant ,! t]m claimant means any     
p]son1 includ+ a ,/ate1 ,/ate political 

subdivision1 city1 t[n1 c\nty1 gov]nm5t 
p>i%1 company1 or individual1 ass]t+ !  
exi/5ce & public acceptance ( a "r-(-way
 "u ,r4,s4 #bdgg4  7#f7 ,con/ruction ,! 
t]m con/ruction means ! physical        
activity reasonably necess>y1 advisable 
or desirable to all[ cont9u\s public use
 ov] a highway accord+ to ! int5d$ mode 
( travel or transportation4 ,ma9t5ance  
activities or ! use ( any tools or      
equipm5t may1 b are n requir$ to1       
e/abli% con/ruction4  7#g7 ,cont9u\s    
public use ,! t]m cont9u\s public use   
means ! use by ! public = passage z (t5 
z g5]ally reg>d$ by ! public to be      
conv5i5t or necess>y1 dur+ any l5g? (   
"t1 :e!r cont9u\s1 sporadic1 int]rupt$  
or discont9u$1 & z ! "* or location ( ! 
use has *ang$ f ,octob]1 #ahff1 to      
,octob] #ba1 #aigf1 to meet ! exig5cies 
( increas$ travel 9 light ( !           
traditional passage uses4  7#h7 ,day ,! 
t]m day means #bd-;h\r p]iod imm$iately 
foll[+ #ab o'clock midnight 9 ! "t zone 
:]e ! longe/ l9eal "p ( ! claim$ ,r4,s4 

#bdgg "r-(-way is locat$1 exclud+       
(ficial ,f$]al holidays4  7#i7 ,evid5ce 
,! t]m evid5ce means any item "u section
 #d t w\ld be reliable1 au!ntic1        
probative & p]suasive 9 ,f$]al ,di/rict 
,c\rt civil litigation "u ! ,f$]al      
,rules ( ,evid5ce t are op]ative on !   
effective date ( ?is ,act4  7#aj7       
,,flpma ,! t]m ,,flpma means ,f$]al ,l& 
,policy & ,managem5t ,act ( #aigf 7#dc  
,u4,s4,c4 #agja et seq474  7#aa7        
,highway ,! t]m highway means any road1 
way or o!r l& surface r\te ( travel t ! 
public has ! "r ( use = passage1 :e!r by
 c>riage1 animal1 foot1 non-motoriz$ or 
motoriz$ vehicle4  7#ab7 ,public ,! t]m 
public means p1 population1 or community
 z a :ole4  7#ac7 ,public l&s ,! t]m    
public l&s means l& t is own$1 controll$
 by1 or subject to ! jurisdiction ( !   
,f$]al ,gov]nm5t = ! b5efit ( ! public &
 n res]v$ at ! "t t ! "r-(-way 0 creat$4
  7#ad7 ,r4,s4 #bdgg "r-(-way grant ,!  
t]m ,r4,s4 #bdgg "r-(-way grant means an
 op5-end$ grant or d$ication ( l& by !  

,unit$ ,/ates = rights-(-way all[+      
public use & passage1 :i* c\ld be       
accept$ by con/ruction or cont9u\s      
public use be=e ,octob] #ba1 #aigf4     
7#ae7 ,r4,s4 #bdgg ,! t]m ,r4,s4 #bdgg  
means t "p ( ,an ,act ,grant+ !         
,"r-(-,way to ,dit* & ,canal ,own]s ,ov]
 ! ,public ,l&s & = ,o!r ,purposes1     
commonly call$ ! ,m9+ ,act ( #ahff 7!   
,act ( ,july #bf1 #ahff1 *4 #bfb1       
section #h1 #ad1 /atutes #bea1 #bec2 #dc
 ,u4,s4,c4 #icb71 /at+ ,& be x fur!r    
enact$1 t ! "r ( way = ! con/ruction (  
highways ov] public l&s1 n res]v$ =     
public uses1 is h]eby grant$1 z t law   
cont9u$ 9 full =ce & effect until       
,octob] #ba1 #aigf4  7#af7 ,rel9qui%m5t 
& disclaim] ,! t]ms rel9qui%m5t &       
disclaim] mean any type ( de$ or        
equival5t docum5t 9 =m suitable =       
recordation1 approv$ & issu$ by !       
,secret>y1 ,au?ority1 or ,au?oriz$      
,(fic]1 disclaim+ & rel9qui%+ ! int]e/ (
 ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t 9 a ,r4,s4 #bdgg    
"r-(-way t has be5 accept$ pursuant to !

 provisions ( ?is ,act1 & :i* docum5ts !
 "r ( public passage ov] & )9 t         
"r-(-way4  7#ag7 ,res]ve or res]v$ ,!   
t]ms res]ve & res]v$-- 7,a7 mean action 
by ! ,unit$ ,/ates to )draw l& f !      
public doma9 & make x unavailable =     
appropriation "u ,f$]al public l& laws1 
:i* requires d$ication ( t l& by !      
,unit$ ,/ates to a p>ticul> public use1 
su* z a p>k1 =e/1 milit>y e/abli%m5t1   
national monum5t1 wild]ness area1 ,f$]al
 enclave1 wildlife refuge1 wat] div]sion
 or imp\ndm5t1 or gov]nm5t p[] g5]ation1
 & su* )drawal1 d$ication1 & use = !    
d$icat$ purpose occurs be=e ! e>li] ( ! 
,r4,s4 #bdgg "r-(-way acceptance or     
,octob] #ba1 #aigf2 &  7,b7 d n include 
,wild]ness ,/udy ,areas & ,areas (      
,critical ,environm5tal ,conc]n4  7#ah7 
,scope ,! t]m scope means e/abli%$      
public use ( ! ,r4,s4 #bdgg "r-(-way z  
necess>ily improv$1 exp&$1 realign$ or  
relocat$ be=e ,octob] #ba1 #aigf1 to    
meet ! public conv5i5ce1 safety1 or     
exig5cies ( increas$ travel 9 light (   

its traditional "r-(-way uses4          
,p]missible improvem5ts1 expansion1     
realignm5t or relocation is det]m9$     
accord+ to ! section #b7k7 highway /&>ds
 ( ! ,/ate :]e ! longe/ l9eal "p ( !    
"r-(-way is locat$2 or 9 ! abs5ce ( su* 
/&>ds1 t5 feet on ea* side ( ! survey   
c5t] l9e1 subject to r$uction accord+ to
 ! hi/oric "r-(-way wid? = ! ,r4,s4     
#bdgg "r-(-way traditional uses z ( !   
date ( acceptance1 & necess>ily exp&$   
accord+ to ! fir/ s5t5ce ( ?is p>agraph4
  7#ai7 ,secret>y ,! t]m ,secret>y means
 ! ,secret>y ( ! ,f$]al dep>tm5t hav+   
managem5t jurisdiction ov] l& own$ or   
controll$ by ! ,unit$ ,/ates ^u :i* a   
,r4,s4 #bdgg "r-(-way is claim$ to be   
locat$4  #c4 ,proc$ure  7a7 ,claim &    
limitation ( action ,a claimant ass]t+  
public acceptance ( a "r-(-way grant$   
pursuant to ,r4,s4 #bdgg mu/ file a     
claim1 :i* %all include support+ evid5ce
 & pro( ( ! notice & reasonably attempt$
 notice "u subsection 7c71 )9 ! #be-ye> 
p]iod t %all comm5ce to run on ! next   

bus9ess day foll[+ ! effective date (   
?is ,act4  7b7 ,place ( fil+  7#a7      
,g5]ally ,except z provid$ by p>agraph  
7#b71 ! claim mu/ be fil$ at ! ,/ate or 
regional location z designat$ by !      
,secret>y4  7#b7 ,def5se l& ,if ! l&    
und]ly+ ! claim$ ,r4,s4 #bdgg "r-(-way  
is subject to ! own]%ip or control ( !  
,unit$ ,/ates ,dep>tm5t ( ,def5se1      
evid5ce support+ ! claim %all be fil$ ) 
! comm&+ (fic] ( ! milit>y in/allation  
or (fice hav+ own]%ip or control ( !    
und]ly+ l&1 or at su* o!r location z    
designat$ by ! ,secret>y4  7c7 ,notice  
,claimant %all provide notice ( ! ,r4,s4
 #bdgg "r-(-way claim by publi%+ a g5]al
 summ>y ( ! claim1 includ+ ! location & 
g5]al description ( ! claim$ ,r4,s4     
#bdgg "r-(-way1 9 a newspap] au?oriz$ to
 publi% public notice "u ! laws ( !     
,/ate :]e ! longe/ l9eal "p ( ! claim$  
,r4,s4 #bdgg "r-(-way is locat$1 once p]
 week = ! two consecutive weeks         
imm$iately prec$+ ! fil+ ( ! claim4 ,)9 
! f\r consecutive weeks imm$iately      

foll[+ ! fil+ ( ! claim1 claimant %all  
additionally provide1 or reasonably     
attempt to provide1 writt5 notice ( !   
claim to all record own]s ( l& und]ly+ !
 claim$ ,r4,s4 #bdgg "r-(-way1 except ! 
,f$]al ,gov]nm5t1 & to all own]s ( l&   
contigu\s to ea* edge ( t claim$        
"r-(-way4 ,claimant's reasonable attempt
 to provide su* writt5 notice is        
suffici5t additional notice "u ?is      
subsection if claimant v]ifies !        
reasonable attempt "u claimant's writt5 
oa? or affirmation to t effect fil$ ) ! 
,secret>y :]e ! claim is fil$4  7d7     
,ab&onm5t ,failure to comply )          
subsections 7a71 7b71 & 7c7 is1 on !    
fir/ day foll[+ ! "t p]iod 9 subsection 
7a71 an automatic irrevocable ab&onm5t (
 any ,r4,s4 #bdgg "r-(-way t has n be5  
e/abli%$ by f9al judgm5t 9 a c\rt (     
compet5t jurisdiction or f9al en=ceable 
settlem5t agreem5t betwe5 claimant & !  
,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! cont9uance au?oriz$ by
 section #f7;b7 %all n apply to ?is     
subsection4  7e7 ,/atue ( limitations   

,any /atute ( limitations = docum5t+ !  
"r-(-way aft] su* res]vation is h]eby   
waiv$ except z provid$ 9 subsection 7a74
  #d4 ,evid5ce & f9al decision  7a7     
,burd5 ( pro( ,claimant %all e/abli%    
acceptance by a prepond]ance ( !        
evid5ce4  7b7 ,presumptions  7#a7       
,acceptance conclusively & f9ally       
e/abli%$ ,unless ! l& und]ly+ ! claim$  
,r4,s4 #bdgg "r-(-way 0 res]v$ be=e !   
e>li] ( con/ruction ( a trail1 pa?1 or  
o!r ?r\ghway on ! "r-(-way1 or ,octob]  
#ba1 #aigf1 acceptance 7includ+ cont9u\s
 public use1 location1 con/ruction &    
scope ( ! ,r4,s4 #bdgg "r-(-way7 %all be
 conclusively v]ifi$1 prov51 & e/abli%$ 
^u fil+1 "u oa? or affirmation by       
claimant atte/+ to its au!nticity &     
accuracy1 (--  7,a7 at lea/ "o type (   
evid5ce relat$ to t "r-(-way select$ f  
subsection 7c77#a72 or  7,b7 at lea/ "o 
type ( evid5ce select$ f ea* ( two      
subp>agraphs 9 subsection 7c77#b7 %[+   
scope & acceptance be=e ,octob] #ba1    
#aigf4  7#b7 ,copies & ,he>say 9        

docum5ts ,copies may be us$ z evid5ce 9 
place ( orig9al docum5ts if !y are      
accompani$ by a writt5 decl>ation1 "u   
oa? by a cu/odian1 own]1 or au?or1 t !  
copy is an accurate repres5tation ( !   
orig9al docum5t's mat]ial t]ms4 ,he>say 
conta9$ 9 docum5ts1 or o!rwise1 is      
reg>d$ z reliable1 admissible1 &        
probative = ! purposes ( ?is ,act4  7#c7
 ,grant )drawal ,evid5ce produc$ by !   
,unit$ ,/ates t e/abli%es ! ,unit$      
,/ates res]v$ ! l& und]ly+ ! alleg$     
,r4,s4 #bdgg "r-(-way be=e its          
acceptance conclusively e/abli%es       
)drawal ( ! ,f$]al grant = t "r-(-way4  
7c7 ,categories ( evid5ce ,= ! purposes 
( actions "u ?is ,act1 ! foll[+ rules   
apply to categories ( evid5ce3 7#a7 7,a7
 ,a c5t] l9e or o!r survey done by !    
,f$]al ,gov]nm5t or duly lic5s$ l&      
surveyor1 apply+ g5]ally accept$ survey 
/&>ds & proc$ures or ,f$]al ,bureau (   
,l& ,managem5t ,manual ( ,survey+       
,in/ructions applicable to surveys be=e 
,octob] #ba1 #aigf1 cle>ly %[+ ! public 

use1 control1 con/ruction1 location1    
direction1 beg9n+ & end po9ts1 l5g?1    
wid? & type ( surface ( ! ,r4,s4 #bdgg  
"r-(-way z ( a date c]ta94  7,b7 ,maps1 
plats1 ma9t5ance records includ+ actual 
or e/imat$ co/s1 photographs1 ,,gis or  
global position+ data1 or o!r           
comput]-g5]at$ images %[+ ! location ( !
 ,r4,s4 #bdgg "r-(-way1 prep>$1 made1   
edit$1 kept1 or reli$ on1 g5]ally or on 
a case-by-case basis1 by any ,f$]al1    
,/ate1 or local gov]nm5t1 college1      
univ]sity1 public or private            
organization hi/orically1 cu/om>ily or  
regul>ly engag$ 9 ! prep>ation1         
ret5tion1 analysis1 or exp]t            
int]pretation ( contempor>y or hi/oric  
maps4  7,c7 ,hi/orical or o!r records ( 
gov]nm5t entities1 or records con/ruct$1
 obta9$ or kept by ! gov]nm5t 9 ! ord9>y
 c\rse ( bus9ess1 includ+1 )\t          
limitation1 ,f$]al1 ,/ate1 local1 &     
t]ritorial records1 su* z records ( !   
,unit$ ,/ates ,dep>tm5ts ( ! ,int]ior1  
,agriculture1 or ,def5se1 ,bureau ( ,l& 

,managem5t1 ,=e/ ,s]vice1 ,natural      
,res\rces ,cons]vation ,s]vice1 ,soil   
,cons]vation ,s]vice1 ,gov]nm5t ,l&     
(fice1 ,f$]al ,c5t]s or ,enclaves1 !    
,smi?sonian ,in/itution & ,libr>y (     
,congress4  7#b7  7,a7 ,hi/orical       
records1 o!r ?an ^? includ$ "u          
subsection 7c77#c71 includ+ orig9al     
docum5ts1 au!nticat$ copies1 facsimiles1
 & comput]-transmitt$ images reliably   
%[+ evid5ce ( con/ruction 7includ+ tools
 us$1 if any71 location 7includ+        
dim5sions71 fixtures & o!r /ructures1 or
 ma9t5ance by a ,/ate or local gov]nm5t 
( ! ,r4,s4 #bdgg "r-(-way "u            
consid]ation4  7,b7 ,writt5 /atem5ts    
giv5 "u oa? be=e a not>y public1 c\rt   
record]1 judge or any o!r gov]nm5t      
(ficial au?oriz$ by law to adm9i/] oa?s1
 or o!rwise au!nticat$1 recit+ reliable 
k ( ! facts t e/abli% ! acceptance ( !  
,r4,s4 #bdgg "r-(-way "u consid]ation4  
,if ?is category ( evid5ce is us$1      
writt5 /atem5ts by at lea/ two p]sons   
%all be requir$4  7,c7 ,a title op9ion  

prep>$ by a duly lic5s$ title exam9]    
prep>$ 9 accordance ) g5]ally accept$   
title /&>ds1 e/abli%+ title1 location & 
dim5sions ( ! ,r4,s4 #bdgg "r-(-way "u  
consid]ation4  7d7 ,det]m9ation (       
ab&onm5t ,n lat] ?an #cj days aft] a    
,r4,s4 #bdgg "r-(-way is conclusively   
e/abli%$ z accept$ pursuant to ?is      
section1 ! ,secret>y1 ,au?ority1 or     
,au?oriz$ ,(fic] %all det]m9e1 9 writ+1 
:e!r t "r-(-way has be5 previ\sly ab&on$
 by claimant4 ,failure to make su*      
writt5 det]m9ation )9 t #cj-;day p]iod  
%all conclusively e/abli% ! "r-(-way has
 n be5 ab&on$4 ,t det]m9ation by !      
,secret>y1 ,au?ority or ,au?oriz$       
,(fic]1 or ! failure to make t          
det]m9ation1 )9 ! "t specifi$ by ?is    
subsection %all be a f9al ag5cy action1 
subject to appeal z provid$ & limit$ by 
section #e4  7e7 ,disclaim] &           
rel9qui%m5t requir$ ,subject to         
subsection 7d71 n lat] ?an #fj days aft]
 ! evid5ce to e/abli% a ,r4,s4 #bdgg    
"r-(-way has be5 fil$ pursuant to ?is   

section1 ! ,secret>y1 ,au?ority1 or     
,au?oriz$ ,(fic] %all deliv] or cause to
 be deliv]$ to claimant a writt5 docum5t
 disclaim+ & rel9qui%+ ! ,unit$ ,/ates  
"r & int]e/ 9 ! ,r4,s4 #bdgg "r-(-way1  
:i* docum5t & actions "u ?is ,act %all  
only be subject to review z provid$ &   
limit$ by section1 & %all n be subject  
to quiet title proce$+s "u section or   
o!rwise1 or subject to any o!r judicial 
or adm9i/rative de novo1 or on ! record1
 reviews1 claims1 actions or proce$+s4  
,! disclaim] & rel9qui%m5t %all         
imm$iately be record$ 9 ! public l&     
records "u ! jurisdiction ( ! ,secret>y1
 & %all conclusively e/abli% ! public "r
 to use ! ,r4,s4 #bdgg "r-(-way4 ,!     
disclaim] & rel9qui%m5t %all be 9 =m to 
all[ record+ 9 ,/ate & local real e/ate 
records4  7f7 ,f$]al regi/] notice (    
f9al ag5cy action ,notice ( ! action "u 
subsection 7e7 %all be publi%$ once 9 ! 
,f$]al ,regi/] n lat] ?an #cj days aft] 
! deliv]y occurs z specifi$ by t        
subsection4  7g7 ,requirem5t to timely  

record c5t]l9e survey ,a c5t]l9e survey 
( ! ,r4,s4 #bdgg "r-(-way disclaim$ &   
rel9qui%$ by ! ,unit$ ,/ates pursuant to
 ?is ,act %all be complet$ & fil$ by    
claimant ) ! ,secret>y1 ,au?ority1 or   
,au?oriz$ ,(fic] n lat] ?an #aj ye>s    
aft] ! "t specifi$ by section #c7;a74   
7h7 ,ab&onm5t ,failure by claimant to   
complete & file a c5t]l9e survey z      
requir$ by subsection 7g7 %all be an    
ab&onm5t ( any & all rights to ! ,r4,s4 
#bdgg "r-(-way = :i* ! rel9qui%m5t 0    
issu$4  #e4 ,judicial review  7a7       
,jurisdiction ,subject to section       
#d7;e71 any case or controv]sy aris+ "u 
?is ,act %all be fil$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates 
,di/rict ,c\rt locat$ 9 ! ,di/rict )9   
:i* ! longe/ l9eal segm5t ( ! claim$    
,r4,s4 #bdgg "r-(-way is locat$1 :i*    
,f$]al ,c\rt %all h exclusive           
jurisdiction to decide ! case or        
controv]sy on ! record reg>d+ ! claim$  
,r4,s4 #bdgg "r-(-way1 subject only to  
appeal or review on ! record "u ,f$]al  
appellate c\rt jurisdiction4  7b7       

,limitation ( action ,cases %all be fil$
 9 ! c\rt specifi$ by subsection 7a7 n  
lat] ?an #cj days aft] ! publication    
specifi$ by subsection #d7;f74  7c7     
,prior adjudication unaffect$ ,a f9al   
settlem5t1 or f9al judgm5t 9 any c\rt ( 
compet5t jurisdiction be=e ! effective  
date ( ?is ,act1 :]e ! ,unit$ ,/ates 0 a
 p>ty 9 det]m9+ rights to a ,r4,s4 #bdgg
 "r-(-way %all n be affect$ by ?is ,act4
  7d7 ,actions ,to quiet title unaffect$
 ,subject to ! provisions ( ?is section 
& section #d1 includ+ ! expiration ( "t 
p]iods specifi$ !re91 ?is ,act %all     
apply to prohibit ,f$]al c\rt actions to
 quiet ,r4,s4 #bdgg titles t involve    
,r4,s4 #bdgg claims previ\sly fil$ "u   
?is ,act1 :]e a disclaim] & rel9qui%m5t 
are p5d+ or h be5 issu$4 ,any quiet     
title action n prohibit$ by ?is p>agraph
 mu/ be fil$ on or be=e ! date specifi$ 
by section #c7;a74  #f4 ,applicable law 
& "t ext5sions  7a7 ,application ( ,/ate
 & ,f$]al law ,?is ,act %all apply to   
conclusively e/abli% ! acceptance1      

scope1 validity1 or ab&onm5t ( a ,r4,s4 
#bdgg "r-(-way4 ,f & aft] ! date (      
enactm5t1 ! provisions ( ?is ,act w be  
supreme1 preempt & control any          
inconsi/5cy or conflict betwe5          
provisions ( ?is ,act & ,/ate law 9     
det]m9+ ! acceptance1 scope1 validity & 
ab&onm5t ( a ,r4,s4 #bdgg "r-(-way4  7b7
 ,deadl9es ,any deadl9e e/abli%$ by ?is 
,act %all be ext5d$ "o "t1 = a maximum (
 #cfe days1 = good cause /at$ 9 writ+   
sign$ by claimant "u oa? or affirmation 
& deliv]$ to ! ,secret>y1 ,au?ority or  
,au?oriz$ ,(fic] n less ?an #cj days    
be=e ! deadl9e to be cont9u$4  #g4      
,implem5tation requir$ ,subject to      
section #b7;d71 n lat] ?an #ij days aft]
 ! effective date ( ?is ,act1 !         
,secret>y1 ,au?ority & ,au?oriz$ ,(fic] 
%all h complet$ all policies1 proc$ures1
 delegations1 =ms & any o!r action      
necess>y to implem5t ! provisions ( ?is 
,act & beg9 process+ claims imm$iately  
!reaft]4 ,! duties & obligations (1 or  
failure to p]=m by1 ! ,secret>y1        

,au?ority1 & ,au?oriz$ ,(fic] )9 ! scope
 ( ?is section1 are en=ceable by        
injunction1 re/ra9+ ord] & may result 9 
(ficial & p]sonal civil liability all   
pursuant to action 9 any ,f$]al ,di/rict
 ,c\rt4  #h4 ,f$]al ,l& ,policy &       
,managem5t ,act ( #aigf & ,alaska       
,national ,int]e/ ,l&s ,cons]vation ,act
 ,no?+ 9 ?is ,act is int5d$1 or %all be 
con/ru$1 to affect1 *ange1 alt]1 or     
modify title ,v ( ,,flpma or title ,,xi 
( ! ,alaska ,national ,int]e/ ,l&s      
,cons]vation ,act 7#af ,u4,s4,c4 #cafa  
et seq474  #i4 ,rules & regulations ,any
 f9al rule or regulation ( any ag5cy ( !
 ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t p]ta9+ to !           
recognition1 managem5t1 or validity ( a 
rights-(-way pursuant to ,r4,s4 #bdgg   
may take effect )\t fur!r express       
au?orization by an ,act ( ,congress     
subsequ5t to ! date ( enactm5t ( ?is    
,act4  #aj4 ,exemption = c]ta9 l&s ,no?+
 9 ?is ,act %all apply to or effect use 
( l& by ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,def5se or l&s !  
use ( :i* is %>$ ) ! ,dep>tm5t (        

,def5se4  #aa4 ,repeal ( re/rictions on 
regulations ,section #ajh ( ! ,omnibus  
,consolidat$ ,appropriations ,act1 #aiig
 7#aaj ,/at4 #cjji-bjj71 relat$ to      
,revis$ ,/atute #bdgg1 is h]eby repeal$4