,i  #aad? ,,congress  #a/ ,session  ,h4 
,r4 #cifb  ,,9 ,,! ,,h\se ,,(           
,,repres5tatives  ,novemb] #e1 #bjae    
,ms4 ,del,bene 7= h]self1 ,mr4 ,poe (   
,texas1 ,ms4 ,l(gr51 ,mr4 ,bey]1 & ,mr4 
,blum5au]7 introduc$ ! foll[+ bill2 :i* 
0 ref]r$ to ! ,committee on ! ,judici>y 
,a ,,bill  ,to describe ! au?ority "u   
:i* ,f$]al entities may use mobile      
a]ial-view devices to surveil1 protect  
individual & collective privacy aga9/   
w>rantless gov]nm5tal intrusion ?r\gh ! 
use ( mobile a]ial-view devices1 & = o!r
 purposes4  #a4 ,%ort title ,?is ,act   
may be cit$ z ! ,protect+ ,individuals  
,f ,mass ,a]ial ,surveillance ,act (    
#bjae4  #b4 ,def9itions ,9 ?is ,act1 !  
foll[+ def9itions apply3  7#a7 ,mobile  
a]ial-view device1 or ,,mavd ,! t]ms    
mobile a]ial-view device & ,,mavd mean  
any device t ?r\gh flight or a]ial lift 
obta9s an a]ial view ( prop]ty1 p]sons  
or _! effects1 includ+ an unmann$       
aircraft 7z def9$ 9 section #cca ( !    
,,faa ,mod]nization & ,re=m ,act ( #bjab

 7#di ,u4,s4,c4 #djaja note774  7#b7    
,law en=cem5t (ficial or ag5cy ,! t]m   
law en=cem5t (ficial or ag5cy means a   
p]son or entity au?oriz$ by law1 or     
fund$ by ! ,gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 
to inve/igate or prosecute (f5ses aga9/ 
! ,unit$ ,/ates4  7#c7 ,f$]al entity ,! 
t]m ,f$]al entity means any p]son or    
entity act+ "u ! au?ority (1 or fund$ 9 
:ole or 9 "p by1 ! ,gov]nm5t1 includ+ a 
,f$]al law en=cem5t (ficial or ag5cy1 b 
exclud+ ,/ate1 tribal1 or local gov]nm5t
 ag5cies or dep>tm5ts4  7#d7 ,national  
bord]s ,! t]m national bord] means an   
area t %>es n m ?an #e miles ( an       
ext]nal l& b\nd>y ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4    
7#e7 ,non-,f$]al entity ,! t]m          
non-,f$]al entity means any p]son or    
entity t is n a ,f$]al entity4  7#f7    
,surveil ,! t]m surveil means to        
photograph1 record1 or obs]ve us+ a s5s+
 device1 reg>dless ( :e!r ! photographs1
 obs]vations1 or record+s are /or$1 &   
excludes us+ a s5s+ device = ! purposes 
( te/+ or tra9+ op]ations ( ,m,a,v,ds4  

7#g7 ,s5s+ device  7,a7 ,mean+ ,! t]m   
s5s+ device means a device capable (    
remotely acquir+ p]sonal in=mation f its
 surr\nd+s us+ any frequ5cy ( !         
electromagnetic spectrum1 or a s\nd     
detect+ sy/em1 or a sy/em t detects     
*emicals 9 ! atmosph]e4  7,b7 ,specific 
equipm5t n includ$ ,! t]m s5s+ device   
does n include equipm5t = :i* ! sole    
function is to provide in=mation        
directly necess>y = safe air navigation 
or op]ation ( a ,,mavd4  7#h7 ,public   
l&s ,! t]m public l&s means l&s own$ by 
! ,gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4  #c4     
,prohibit$ use ( ,,mavds ,a ,f$]al      
entity %all n use a ,,mavd to surveil   
prop]ty1 p]sons or _! effects1 or ga!r  
evid5ce or o!r in=mation p]ta9+ to kn[n 
or suspect$ crim9al conduct1 or conduct 
t is 9 violation ( a law or regulation4 
#d4 ,exceptions  ,?is ,act %all n       
prohibit any ( ! foll[+3 7#a7 ,patrol ( 
bord]s & national wat]s ,! use ( a      
,,mavd by a ,f$]al entity to surveil    
national bord]s or national wat]s ( !   

,unit$ ,/ates to prev5t or det] illegal 
entry ( any p]son or illegal sub/ance at
 ! bord]s or 9 national wat]s ( ! ,unit$
 ,/ates4  7#b7 ,exig5t circum/ances     
7,a7 ,action necess>y ,! use ( a ,,mavd 
by a ,f$]al entity :5 exig5t            
circum/ances exi/4 ,= ! purposes ( ?is  
p>agraph1 exig5t circum/ances exi/ :5 ! 
,f$]al entity possesses reasonable      
suspicion t "u p>ticul> circum/ances1   
swift action is necess>y--  7i7 to      
prev5t imm95t dang] ( dea? or s]i\s     
bodily h>m to a specific individual2    
7ii7 to c\nt] an imm95t risk ( a t]rori/
 attack by a specific individual or     
organization2  7iii7 to prev5t imm95t   
de/ruction ( evid5ce2 or  7iv7 to c\nt] 
an imm95t or actual escape ( a crim9al  
or t]rori/ suspect4  7,b7 ,records ,a   
,f$]al entity us+ a ,,mavd pursuant to  
subp>agraph 7,a77i7 %all ma9ta9 a       
retrievable record ( ! facts giv+ rise  
to ! reasonable suspicion t an exig5t   
circum/ance exi/$4  7#c7 ,public safety 
& rese>* ,! use ( a ,,mavd by a ,f$]al  

entity-- 7,a7 to discov]1 locate1       
obs]ve1 ga!r evid5ce 9 connection to1 or
 prev5t =e/ fires2  7,b7 to monitor     
environm5tal1 geologic1 or wea!r-relat$ 
cata/rophe or damage f su* an ev5t2     
7,c7 to rese>* or survey = wildlife     
managem5t1 habitat pres]vation1 or      
geologic1 atmosph]ic1 or environm5tal   
damage or conditions2  7,d7 to survey = 
! assessm5t & evaluation ( environm5tal1
 geologic or wea!r-relat$ damage1       
erosion1 flood1 or contam9ation2 &  7,e7
 to survey public l&s = illegal         
vegetation4  7#d7 ,cons5t ,! use ( a    
,,mavd by a ,f$]al entity = ! purpose ( 
acquir+ in=mation ab\t an individual1 or
 ab\t an individual's prop]ty or        
effects1 if su* individual has giv5     
writt5 cons5t to ! use ( a ,,mavd = su* 
purposes4  7#e7 ,w>rant ,law en=cem5t   
us+ a ,,mavd1 pursuant to1 & 9          
accordance )1 a ,rule #da w>rant1 to    
surveil specific prop]ty1 p]sons1 or _! 
effects4  #e4 ,ban on id5tify+          
individuals  7a7 ,confid5tial in=mation 

,no ,f$]al entity actor may make any    
int5tional ef=t to id5tify an individual
 f1 or associate an individual )1 !     
in=mation collect$ by op]ations au?oriz$
 by p>agraphs 7#a7 ?r\gh 7#c7 ( section 
#d1 nor %all ! collect$ in=mation be    
disclos$ to any entity except ano!r     
,f$]al entity or ,/ate1 tribal1 or local
 gov]nm5t ag5cy or dep>tm5t1 or         
political subdivision !re(1 t agrees to 
be b\nd by ! re/rictions 9 ?is ,act4    
7b7 ,probable cause ,! re/rictions      
describ$ 9 subsection 7a7 %all n apply  
if !re is probable cause t ! in=mation  
collect$ is evid5ce ( specific crim9al  
activity & a w>rant is obta9$4  #f4     
,prohibition on use ( evid5ce ,no       
evid5ce obta9$ or collect$ 9 violation (
 ?is ,act may be admissible z evid5ce   
aga9/ an individual 9 any trial1 he>+1  
or o!r proce$+ 9 or be=e any c\rt1 gr&  
jury1 dep>tm5t1 (fic]1 ag5cy1 regulatory
 body1 legislative committee1 or o!r    
au?ority ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 a ,/ate1 or 
a political subdivision !re(4  #g4      

,prohibition on solicitation & pur*ase  
7a7 ,exi/+ au?ority ,a ,f$]al entity    
%all n solicit to or aw>d contracts to  
any entity = su* entity to surveil by   
,,mavd = ! ,f$]al entity1 unless !      
,f$]al entity has exi/+ au?ority to     
surveil ! p>ticul> prop]ty1 p]sons or _!
 effects1 or int]e/4  7b7 ,p]mission    
grant$ ,a ,f$]al entity %all n pur*ase  
any in=mation obta9$ f ,,mavd           
surveillance by a non-,f$]al entity if  
su* in=mation conta9s p]sonal in=mation1
 except pursuant to ! express cons5t (  
all p]sons ^: p]sonal in=mation is to be
 sold4  #h4 ,rule ( con/ruction ,no?+ 9 
?is ,act %all be con/ru$ to preempt any 
,/ate law reg>d+ ! use ( ,m,a,v,ds      
exclusively )9 ! bord]s ( t ,/ate4