,i #aad? ,,congress #a/ ,session ,h4 ,r4 #chdh ,,9 ,,! ,,h\se ,,( ,,repres5tatives ,octob] #bh1 #bjae ,mr4 ,b5i%ek 7= himself & ,mrs4 ,d+ell7 introduc$ ! foll[+ bill2 :i* 0 ref]r$ to ! ,committee on ,natural ,res\rces ,a ,,bill ,to reaffirm & cl>ify ! ,f$]al relation%ip ( ! ,burt ,lake ,b& z a di/9ct f$]ally recogniz$ ,indian ,tribe1 & = o!r purposes4 #a4 ,%ort title ,?is ,act may be cit$ z ! ,burt ,lake ,b& ( ,ottawa & ,*ippewa ,indians ,reaffirmation ,act4 #b4 ,f9d+s ,congress f9ds z foll[s3 7#a7 ,! memb]s ( ! ,burt ,lake ,b& ( ,ottawa & ,*ippewa ,indians1 ^: hi/oric "n is ! ,*eboigan 7or ,*eboygan7 ,b&1 are desc5dants & a political successor to signatories ( ! #ahcf ,treaty ( ,wa%+ton & ! #ahee ,treaty ( ,detroit4 ,! treaty signatories 7 twice recogniz$ by ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 on a gov]nm5t-to-gov]nm5t relation%ip basis1 ?r\gh ! execution & ratification ( ^? treaties4 7#b7 ,! #ahcf ,treaty ( ,wa%+ton provid$ t ! ,*eboigan ,b& w\ld receive a res]vation ( #a1jjj acres on ! ,*eboigan1 )9 its aborig9al t]ritory1 = a p]iod ( #e ye>s aft] ratification ( t treaty b ! ,unit$ ,/ates fail$ to provide t res]vation4 ,! #ahee ,treaty ( ,detroit provid$ t ,ottawa & ,*ippewa ,indians c\ld select individual allotm5ts ( l& )9 designat$ res]ves1 & #b t[n%ips 7 set aside = selection by ! ,*eboygan ,b& 9 ,*eboygan ,c\nty4 ,^? memb]s :o select$ allotm5ts )9 t area 7 n aw>d$ ^? individual l& hold+s until #c ye>s aft] a special ,act ( ,congress 0 pass$ 9 #ahgb4 7#c7 ,betwe5 #ahde & #ahej ! ,b&'s memb]s us$ treaty annuity paym5ts to pur*ase l& = ! ,b& 9 ,burt ,t[n%ip1 ,*eboygan ,c\nty1 ,mi*igan4 ,t l&1 call$ ,colonial ,po9t1 0 plac$ 9 tru/ ) ! ,gov]nor ( ,mi*igan on ! advice ( ,f$]al ,indian ag5ts4 7#d7 ,dur+ ! next #ej ye>s1 que/ions arose reg>d+ ! taxability ( ! prop]ty1 & ! acreage 0 ultimately sold = back taxes 9 #aijj4 7#e7 ,aft] ! ,b& 0 =cibly evict$ f ,colonial ,po9t & its village 0 burn$ to ! gr\nd by its new own]1 ,john ,mc,ginn1 ! majority ( ! ,b&'s families took up resid5cy on ne>by ,indian ,road on l&s :i* o!r ,b& memb]s _h pur*as$ or receiv$ z treaty allotm5ts or home/eads4 7#f7 ,9 #aiaa1 ! ,unit$ ,/ates fil$ suit 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,f$]al ,di/rict ,c\rt = ,ea/]n ,mi*igan seek+ to rega9 possession ( ! ,colonial ,po9t ,l&s 7,unit$ ,/ates v4 ,mc,ginn1 ,equity ,no4 #id1 fil$ ,june #aa1 #aiaa74 ,9 its compla9t1 ! ,unit$ ,/ates advis$ ! ,c\rt t x 0 su+ on behalf ( ! ,*eboygan b& ( ,indians :i* is n[ & 0 at all ! times m5tion$ 9 ?is bill ( compla9t a tribe ( indians sic "u ! c>e1 control1 & gu>dian%ip ( ! pla9tiff & said b& is n[ & 0 at all times m5tion$ 9 ?is bill ( compla9t recogniz$ by ! pla9tiff ?r\gh its *iefs or head m5 :i* x annually elects44 7#g7 ,9 #aiag1 ! ,f$]al ,di/rict ,c\rt decid$ ! ,mc,ginn case aga9/ ! ,unit$ ,/ates f9d+ t ! language 9 ! ,colonial ,po9t de$s did n prev5t ! ,colonial ,po9t l& f be+ tax$4 7#h7 ,ov] ! next #bj ye>s1 ,act+ ,*ief ,enos ,cab9aw1 act+ on behalf ( ! ,*eboygan ,b&1 ask$ ! ,unit$ ,/ates to appeal or o!rwise rectify ! ,di/rict ,c\rt's decision1 b no ,f$]al action 0 tak54 ,?r\gh\t ?is p]iod1 ! ,unit$ ,/ates cont9u$ to provide ! ,b& & its memb]s ) _m ( ! same ,f$]al s]vices t 7 be+ provid$ to o!r ,indian tribes 9 ,mi*igan4 7#i7 ,! ,act ( ,june #ah1 #aicd 7h]eaft] 9 ?is ,act ref]r$ to z ! ,indian ,reorganization ,act71 au?oriz$ & direct$ ! ,bureau ( ,indian ,affairs to provide te*nical assi/ance & ,f$]al funds to petition+ tribes to assi/ !m 9 reorganiz+ _! gov]nm5ts & improv+ _! economies4 ,memb]s ( ! ,*eboigan ,b&1 z well z memb]s ( o!r l&less treaty ,tribes 9 ,mi*igan1 submitt$ petitions to receive t assi/ance4 ,simil> petitions 7 also submitt$ by #d ,mi*igan b&s t /ill held communal l&s4 ,possession ( a tribal l& base 0 a pr]equisite to ! receipt ( mo/ ( ! ,f$]al funds & s]vices provid$ = 9 ! ,indian ,reorganization ,act4 7#aj7 ,:ile ! ,indian ,reorganization ,act direct$ ! ,secret>y to assi/ l&less b&s1 l ,burt ,lake1 & au?oriz$ ,f$]al funds to acquire l&1 no ,f$]al funds 7 appropriat$ to acquire new tribal l&s = any ( ! l&less b&s 9 ,mi*igan4 ,aft] /ruggl+ ) ?is dilemma1 ! ,bureau ( ,indian ,affairs ext5d$ ! b5efits ( ! ,indian ,reorganization ,act to only ^? #d ,mi*igan tribes t _h an exi/+ l& base on ! date ( ! enactm5t ( ! ,indian ,reorganization ,act4 ,( ! ,ottawa & ,*ippewa ,tribes :o sign$ ! #ahcf & #ahee ,treaties1 only #a gr\p1 ! ,bay ,mills ,indian ,community1 0 organiz$ "u ! ,indian ,reorganization ,act4 7#aa7 ,! failure ( ! ,bureau ( ,indian ,affairs to grant ,indian ,reorganization ,act b5efits to ! ,*eboigan ,b& did n t]m9ate ! b&'s gov]nm5t-to-gov]nm5t relation%ip ) ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & ,congress has nev] tak5 any action to t]m9ate ,f$]al ackn[l$gm5t ( ! ,burt ,lake ,b&4 7#ab7 ,! ,bureau ( ,indian ,affairs does n h ! legal au?ority to t]m9ate a tribe t has be5 ackn[l$g$ by an ,act ( ,congress4 7#ac7 ,s9ce #aigb1 ! foll[+ ,mi*igan tribes t 7 n organiz$ "u ! ,indian ,reorganization ,act1 h be5 recogniz$ or reaffirm$ z f$]ally recogniz$ ,indian tribes3 7,a7 ,! ,sault ,/e4 ,m>ie ,tribe ( ,*ippewa 0 reaffirm$ by a ,memor&um ( ! ,commission] ( ,indian ,affairs on ,septemb] #g1 #aigb4 7,b7 ,! ,gr& ,trav]se ,b& ( ,ottawa & ,*ippewa ,indians 0 ackn[l$g$ by ! ,assi/ant ,secret>y ( ,indian ,affairs on ,may #bg1 #aihj4 7,c7 ,! ,little ,trav]se ,bay ,b&s ( ,odawa ,indian & ! ,little ,riv] ,b& ( ,ottawa ,indians ea* _h its ,f$]al /atus reaffirm$ by an ,act ( ,congress on ,septemb] #ba1 #aiid4 7,d7 ,! ,lac ,vieux ,des]t ,b& ( ,lake ,sup]ior ,*ippewa ,indians _h its ,f$]al /atus z a sep>ate ,indian tribe reaffirm$ by an ,act ( ,congress at ! reque/ ( ! ,adm9i/ration on ,septemb] #h1 #aihh4 7,e7 ,! ,pokagon ,indian ,nation _h its ,f$]al /atus reaffirm$ by an ,act ( ,congress on ,septemb] #ba1 #aiid4 7,f7 ,! ,huron ,potawatomi ,nation _h its ,f$]al /atus ackn[l$g$ by ! ,assi/ant ,secret>y ( ,indian ,affairs on ,m>* #ag1 #aiif4 7,g7 ,! ,gun ,lake ,tribe 7,mat*-,%e-,be-,na%-,%e-,wi%7 _h its ,f$]al /atus ackn[l$g$ by ! ,assi/ant ,secret>y ( ,indian ,affairs on ,augu/ #bc1 #aiii4 7#ad7 ,! ,burt ,lake ,b& has be5 consi/5tly recogniz$ by ?ird p>ties z a di/9ct ,indian community s9ce well be=e #aijj4 7#ae7 ,! ,burt ,lake ,b& consi/s ( memb]s :o are ! *ildr51 gr&*ildr51 or great gr&*ildr5 ( ,indian p]sons :o resid$ on or ne> ,colonial ,po9t or ,indian ,road prior to #aiaj4 ,! majority ( ! ,b&'s adult memb]s grew up on or ne> ,indian ,road or _h an imm$iate family memb] :o did4 ,z ! result1 ! ,b&'s memb]s h ma9ta9$ v close social & political ties4 ,! ,b& has its own1 well-def9$ memb]%ip crit]ia1 :i* requires ! ma9t5ance ( tribal relations4 7#af7 ,! ,burt ,lake ,b& consi/s ( families :o h & cont9ue to provide mutual aid to ea* o!r1 visit ea* o!r regul>ly1 mobilize to assi/ ea* o!r 9 times ( ne$1 practice traditional arts & crafts1 ga!r = ,gho/ ,supp]s1 decorate ! graves ( _! ance/ors1 & p>ticipate 9 o!r traditional tribal c]emonies & ev5ts4 7#ag7 ,s9ce #ahbi ! ,burt ,lake ,b&'s memb]s h att5d$ & consi/5tly mobiliz$ to ma9ta9 ! ,indian ,mission ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,m>y's1 fir/ on ,colonial ,po9t & lat] on ,indian ,road4 ,! ,burt ,lake ,b&'s memb]s h also work$ toge!r to ma9ta9 ! ,tribe's #b ,indian cemet]ies4 ,!y h also dug ! graves & buri$ _! relatives 9 ^? #b ,indian cemet]ies = almo/ #bjj ye>s4 7#ah7 ,! ,burt ,lake ,b&'s memb]s h ?r\gh\t "t made =mal & in=mal decisions = ! community4 ,! ,burt ,lake ,b& has also organiz$ its own mod]n tribal gov]nm5t )\t ! assi/ance ( ! ,bureau ( ,indian ,affairs4 7#ai7 ,! majority ( ! ,b&'s eld]s h a high degree ( ,indian blood & cont9ue to speak ! ,ottawa language :5 !y ga!r ) ea* o!r4 ,be=e ,_w ,w> ,,ii1 m ?an #ej p]c5t ( ! ,burt ,lake families 7 /ill speak+ ! traditional language 9 _! homes1 & m ?an #ej p]c5t ( ^? tribal memb]s :o 7 m>ri$ 7 m>ri$ to o!r ,ottawa & ,*ippewa individuals4 7#bj7 ,!re is no evid5ce t ! ,b& has willfully ab&on$ tribal relations & !re is no evid5ce t ! ,congress has tak5 any legal action to t]m9ate its gov]nm5t-to-gov]nm5t relations ) ! ,burt ,lake ,b&4 7#ba7 ,because ! ,bureau ( ,indian ,affairs fail$ to review ! ,b&'s petition = ov] #bj ye>s1 a p]c5tage ( ! ,b&'s memb]s enroll$ 9 o!r ,tribes 9 ord] to obta9 ! ,f$]al s]vices1 mo/ notably heal? c>e & prescription drug assi/ance1 t !y 7 legally entitl$ to1 b d5i$ z memb]s ( ,burt ,lake4 ,?is /ep 0 (t5 tak5 on ! advice ( "o or m employees ( ! ,bureau ( ,indian ,affairs4 ,?is dual enrollm5t situation has n[ creat$ a new problem = ! ,b&'s reaffirmation1 because ! ,bureau ( ,indian ,affairs' curr5t regulations prohibit x f recogniz+ a tribe :5 a "p ( ! tribe's community is or 0 enroll$ 9 ano!r f$]ally recogniz$ tribe4 7#bb7 ,9 ,septemb] #bjjf1 ! ,assi/ant ,secret>y ( ,indian ,affairs d5i$ ! ,burt ,lake ,b&'s petition = recognition ev5 ?\gh x f\nd t ! ,burt ,lake ,b& has be5 id5tifi$ z an ,indian entity by s*ol>s1 local & ,/ate (ficials1 & o!r tribes1 & ev5 ?\gh x f\nd t ! memb]s ( ! ,burt ,lake ,b& ma9ta9 a /rong ,indian community4 ,9 its lett] d5y+ ! ,burt ,lake ,b&'s petition1 ! ,bureau ( ,indian ,affairs /at$ t ,congress may consid] tak+ legislative action to recognize petition]s t d n meet ! specific requirem5ts ( ! ackn[l$gm5t regulations b may h m]it44 7#bc7 ,! ,burt ,lake ,b& has exhau/$ its adm9i/rative rem$ies1 !re=e ?is ,act is bo? necess>y & appropriate4 #c4 ,def9itions ,= purposes ( ?is ,act1 ! foll[+ def9itions apply3 7#a7 ,! t]m ,burt ,lake ,b& means ! ,burt ,lake ,b& ( ,ottawa & ,*ippewa ,indians1 a cont9u\sly exi/+ hi/orical tribe ( ,indians desc5d+ f ! ,*eboygan b& :i* 0 includ$ 9 treaties ) ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 #ahcf & #ahee & desc5d+ f ! ,indian ,village at ,burt ,lake 9 #aijj4 7#b7 ,! t]m ,indian ,reorganization ,act means ! ,act ( ,june #ah1 #aicd 7#be ,u4,s4,c4 #dfa et seq474 7#c7 ,! t]m ,,(a means ! ,(fice ( ,f$]al ,ackn[l$gm5t1 a bran* ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,int]ior's ,bureau ( ,indian ,affairs4 7#d7 ,! t]m ,secret>y means ! ,secret>y ( ! ,int]ior4 #d4 ,f$]al recognition 7a7 ,f$]al ,recognition ,! ,burt ,lake ,b& ( ,ottawa & ,*ippewa ,indians is h]eby reaffirm$ z a f$]ally recogniz$ ,indian tribe4 ,all laws & regulations ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( g5]al application to ,indians or nations1 tribes1 or b&s ( ,indians1 includ+ ! ,indian ,reorganization ,act1 :i* are inconsi/5t ) any specific provision ( ?is ,act %all n be applicable to ! ,burt ,lake ,b& & its memb]s4 7b7 ,f$]al ,s]vices & ,b5efits 7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,not)/&+ any o!r provision ( law1 aft] ! date ( ! enactm5t ( ?is ,act1 ! ,burt ,lake ,b& & its memb]s %all be eligible = all s]vices & b5efits provid$ by ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t to ,indians because ( _! /atus z f$]ally recogniz$ ,indians )\t reg>d to ! exi/5ce ( a res]vation or ! location ( ! resid5ce ( any memb] on or ne> any ,indian res]vation4 7#b7 ,s]vice area ,= purposes ( ! deliv]y ( ,f$]al s]vices to ! enroll$ memb]s ( ! ,burt ,lake ,b& & to o!r ,indians1 all ( ,*eboygan ,c\nty ,mi*igan1 & any area 9 ! ,/ate ( ,mi*igan t is outside ( ,*eboygan ,c\nty1 b locat$ )9 #be miles ( ! ,burt ,lake ,b&'s ,cemet]y at ! ,/4 ,m>y's ,indian ,mission ,*ur*1 %all be deem$ to be )9 ! ,s]vice ,area ( ! ,burt ,lake ,b&4 ,no?+ conta9$ h]e9 %all prohibit ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t f provid+ s]vices to memb]s ( ! ,burt ,lake ,b& :o reside or are domicil$ outside ?is ,s]vice ,area1 or f o!rwise exp&+ ! ,burt ,lake ,b&'s ,s]vice ,area 9 compliance ) applicable ,f$]al law & policy4 ,no?+ 9 ?is subsection is int5d$ to dim9i% or alt] ! s]vice area ( ano!r f$]ally recogniz$ ,indian tribe4 ,if any "p ( ! ,burt ,lake ,b&'s s]vice area ov]laps ) ! s]vice area ( ano!r f$]ally recogniz$ ,indian tribe1 t ov]lap %all be address$ 9 compliance ) exi/+ ,f$]al policies & regulations4 #e4 ,reaffirmation ( rights 7a7 ,9 ,g5]al ,all rights & privileges ( ! ,burt ,lake ,b& & its memb]s1 :i* may h be5 abrogat$ or dim9i%$ be=e ! date ( ! enactm5t ( ?is ,act are h]eby reaffirm$4 7b7 ,exi/+ ,rights ( ,burt ,lake ,b& ,no?+ 9 ?is ,act %all be con/ru$ to dim9i% any "r or privilege ( ! ,burt ,lake ,b& or ( its memb]s t exi/$ be=e ! date ( ! enactm5t ( ?is ,act4 ,except z o!rwise specifically provid$ 9 any o!r provision ( ?is ,act1 no?+ 9 ?is ,act %all be con/ru$ z alt]+ or affect+ any legal or equitable claim ! ,burt ,lake ,b& may h to en=ce any "r or privilege res]v$ by or grant$ to ! ,burt ,lake ,b& :i* 0 wrongfully d5i$ to or tak5 f ! ,burt ,lake ,b& be=e ! date ( ! enactm5t ( ?is ,act4 #f4 ,tribal l&s ,! ,secret>y %all acquire real prop]ty 9 ,*eboygan ,c\nty 9 tru/ = ! b5efit ( ! ,burt ,lake ,b& ( ,ottawa & ,*ippewa ,indians1 if at ! "t ( su* acceptance by ! ,secret>y1 !re are no adv]se legal claims on su* prop]ty1 includ+ out/&+ li5s1 mortgages or taxes ow$1 & ! ,secret>y has confirm$ t ! ,national ,environm5tal ,policy ,act ( #aifi has be5 compli$ ) reg>d+ ! tru/ acquisition ( ! prop]ty4 ,aft] be+ tak5 into tru/1 su* l&s %all become "p ( ! initial res]vation ( ! ,burt ,lake ,b& at ! reque/ ( ! ,burt ,lake ,b&4 ,! ,secret>y is also au?oriz$ to acquire & accept real prop]ty 9 o!r geographic areas into tru/ = ! b5efit ( ! ,burt ,lake ,b& & to decl>e ^? l&s to be a "p ( ! ,burt ,lake ,b&'s ,res]vation consi/5t ) applicable law4 #g4 ,memb]%ip 7a7 ,9 ,g5]al ,! initial memb]%ip ( ! ,burt ,lake ,b& ( ,ottawa & ,*ippewa ,indians %all consi/ ( p]sons :o c pres5t evid5ce1 acceptable to ! ,burt ,lake ,b&1 %[+ t !y meet ! requirem5ts ( subsection 7b71 & p]sons :o meet su* o!r requirem5ts z are specifi$ by ! ,burt ,lake ,b& 9 its ,burt ,lake ,b&'s ,con/itution & ,enrollm5t ,ord9ance z ! same may be f "t-to-"t am5d$4 7b7 ,memb]%ip ,crit]ia 7#a7 ,to qualify = memb]%ip 9 ! ,burt ,lake ,b& ( ,ottawa & ,*ippewa ,indians1 a p]son mu/ be able to demon/rate ?r\gh evid5ce acceptable to ! ,burt ,lake ,b& t ! p]son meets at lea/ "o ( ! foll[+ requirem5ts3 7,a7 ,! p]son desc5ds f a tribal memb] :o 0 domicil$ at ,colonial ,po9t1 ,burt ,t[n%ip1 ,*eboygan ,c\nty1 ,mi*igan1 be=e or at ! "t t ! ,burt ,lake ,b&'s village 0 burn$ 9 ,octob] #aijj1 z ! tribal memb]s are id5tifi$ z ,colonial ,po9t resid5ts 9 ! case files ( ! litigation initiat$ by ,john ,w4 ,mc,ginn to evict =m] resid5ts f t l&1 or 9 ! li/ prep>$ 9 or ab\t #aiej z ! ,alb]t ,%ananaquet li/ ( pre-#aijj village resid5ts1 or bo?4 7,b7 ,! p]son desc5ds f a tribal memb] :o is li/$ on ! #aijj or #aiaj ,burt ,lake ,t[n%ip ,f$]al ,c5sus1 ,indian ,enum]ation ,s*$ule4 7,c7 ,! p]son has an ,indian ance/or :o 01 prior to #aiaj1 liv+ 9 tribal relations ) ! ,burt ,lake ,b& ( ,ottawa & ,*ippewa ,indians z ! ,burt ,lake ,b& is def9$ 9 ?is ,act4 7#b7 ,9 addition to ! requirem5ts "u p>agraph 7#a71 to qualify = memb]%ip 9 ! ,burt ,lake ,b& ( ,ottawa & ,*ippewa ,indians1 a p]son mu/ be able to demon/rate ?r\gh evid5ce acceptable to ! ,burt ,lake ,b& t ! p]son meets all ( ! foll[+ crit]ia3 7,a7 ,t ! p]son is 9 tribal relations ) o!r ,burt ,lake ,b& memb]s4 7,b7 ,t ! p]son's ance/ors h liv$ 9 tribal relations ) o!r ,burt ,lake ,b& memb]s on a sub/antially cont9u\s basis f #aiaj to ! pres5t4 7,c7 ,t ! p]son has a complet$ tribal memb]%ip enrollm5t file z prescrib$ by ! ,tribal ,enrollm5t ,ord9ance4 7,d7 ,t ! p]son's memb]%ip application has be5 process$ & t ! p]son has be5 approv$ = memb]%ip 9 ! ,burt ,lake ,b& 9 ! mann] prescrib$ by ! ,tribal ,enrollm5t ,ord9ance4 7c7 ,base ,roll ,! ,burt ,lake ,b& %all provide a copy ( ! base roll ( ! ,burt ,lake ,b& ( ,ottawa & ,*ippewa ,indians to ! ,assi/ant ,secret>y = ,indians ,affairs n lat] ?an #ab mon?s aft] ! date ( ! enactm5t ( ?is ,act4 ,! base roll %all consi/ ( ! #cbj p]sons ^: names 7 li/$ on ! (ficial roll ( ! ,burt ,lake ,b& :i* 7 memb]s submitt$ by ! ,burt ,lake ,b& to ! ,,(a on ,may #b1 #bjje1 & %all also include ! biological sons & daught]s :o 7 born to ^? memb]s betwe5 ! submission ( t li/ & ! enactm5t ( ?is ,act4 ,! ,base ,roll %all also include ^? desc5dants ( ,burt ,lake memb]s :o-- 7#a7 meet ! enrollm5t crit]ia e/abli%$ by ?is section2 7#b7 seek enrollm5t 9 ! ,burt ,lake ,b& n lat] ?an #ab mon?s aft] ! date ( ! enactm5t ( ?is ,act2 & 7#c7 are accept$ = enrollm5t 9 ! ,burt ,lake ,b& 9 ! mann] prescrib$ by ! ,burt ,lake ,b&'s ,con/itution4 #h4 ,con/itution ,! initial con/itution ( ! ,burt ,lake ,b& %all be ! con/itution t ! ,burt ,lake ,b& submitt$ to ! ,,(a on ,may #b1 #bjje4