,,ib ,union ,calendar ,no4 #ffc #aadth ,,congress #b;d ,session ,h4 ,r4 #cgfd ,report ,no4 #aad-hdg ,,in ,,the ,,house ,,of ,,representatives ,october #bj1 #bjae ,mr4 ,bishop of ,utah introduced the following bill2 which was referred to the ,committee on ,natural ,resources ,december #g1 #bjaf ,additional sponsors3 ,mr4 ,gosar and ,mr4 ,goodlatte ,december #g1 #bjaf ,reported with an amendment1 committed to the ,committee of the ,whole ,house on the ,state of the ,union1 and ordered to be printed ,strike out all after the enacting clause and insert the part printed in italic ,for text of introduced bill1 see copy of bill as introduced on ,october #bj1 #bjae ,a ,,bill ,to provide that an ,indian group may receive ,federal acknowledgment as an ,indian tribe only by an ,act of ,congress1 and for other purposes4 ,i ,federal ,recognition of ,indian ,tribes1 ,generally #aja4 ,short title ,this title may be cited as the ,tribal ,recognition ,act of #bjaf4 #ajb4 ,findings ,congress finds as follows3 7#a7 ,article ,i1 section #h1 clause #c of the ,constitution 7commonly known as the ,indian ,commerce ,clause7 gives ,congress authority over ,indian affairs4 7#b7 ,such authority is plenary and exclusive4 7#c7 ,such authority may not be exercised by the executive branch1 except as expressly delegated by an ,act of ,congress 7or by a treaty ratified by the ,senate before ,march #ahga74 #ajc4 ,definitions ,as used in this title3 7#a7 ,assistant ,secretary ,the term ,assistant ,secretary means the ,assistant ,secretary of ,indian ,affairs1 or that officer's authorized representative4 7#b7 ,autonomous ,the term autonomous means the exercise of political influence or authority independent of the control of any other ,indian governing entity4 ,autonomous must be understood in the context of the history1 geography1 culture and social organization of the petitioning group4 7#c7 ,community ,the term ,community means any group of people which can demonstrate that consistent interactions and significant social relationships exist within its membership and that its members are differentiated from and identified as distinct from nonmembers4 ,community must be understood in the context of the history1 geography1 culture and social organization of the group4 7#d7 ,continental ,united ,states ,the term continental ,united ,states means the contiguous #dh ,states and ,alaska4 7#e7 ,continuously or continuous ,the term continuously or continuous means extending from first sustained contact with non-,indians throughout the group's history to the present substantially without interruption4 7#f7 ,documented petition ,the term documented petition means the detailed arguments made by a petitioner to substantiate its claim to continuous existence as an ,indian tribe1 together with the factual exposition and all documentary evidence necessary to demonstrate that these arguments address the mandatory criteria4 7#g7 ,historically1 historical or history ,the term historically1 historical or history means dating from first sustained contact with non-,indians4 7#h7 ,indian group or group ,the term ,indian group or group means any ,indian or ,alaska ,native aggregation within the continental ,united ,states that the ,secretary of the ,interior does not acknowledge to be an ,indian tribe4 ,indian tribe1 also referred to herein as tribe1 means any ,indian or ,alaska ,native tribe1 band1 pueblo1 village1 or community within the continental ,united ,states that the ,secretary of the ,interior has lawfully acknowledged as an ,indian tribe4 7#i7 ,indigenous ,the term indigenous means native to the continental ,united ,states in that at least part of the petitioner's territory at the time of sustained contact extended into what is now the continental ,united ,states4 7#aj7 ,informed party ,the term informed party means any person or organization1 other than an interested party1 who requests an opportunity to submit comments or evidence or to be kept informed of general actions regarding a specific petitioner4 7#aa7 ,interested party ,the term interested party means any person1 organization or other entity who can establish a legal1 factual or property interest in an acknowledgment determination and who requests an opportunity to submit comments or evidence or to be kept informed of general actions regarding a specific petitioner4 ,interested party includes the governor and attorney general of the ,state in which a petitioner is located1 and may include1 but is not limited to1 local governmental units1 and any recognized ,indian tribes and unrecognized ,indian groups that might be affected by an acknowledgment determination4 7#ab7 ,letter of intent ,the term letter of intent means an undocumented letter or resolution by which an ,indian group requests ,federal acknowledgment as an ,indian tribe and expresses its intent to submit a documented petition4 7#ac7 ,petitioner ,the term petitioner means any entity that has submitted a letter of intent to the ,secretary requesting acknowledgment that it is an ,indian tribe4 7#ad7 ,political influence or authority ,the term political influence or authority means a tribal council1 leadership1 internal process or other mechanism which the group has used as a means of influencing or controlling the behavior of its members in significant respects1 and_/or making decisions for the group which substantially affect its members1 and_/or representing the group in dealing with outsiders in matters of consequence4 ,this process is to be understood in the context of the history1 culture and social organization of the group4 7#ae7 ,previous ,federal acknowledgment ,the term previous ,federal acknowledgment means action by the ,federal ,government clearly premised on identification of a tribal political entity and indicating clearly the recognition of a relationship between that entity and the ,united ,states4 7#af7 ,secretary ,the term ,secretary means the ,secretary of the ,interior or that officer's authorized representative4 7#ag7 ,sustained contact ,the term sustained contact means the period of earliest sustained non-,indian settlement and_/or governmental presence in the local area in which the historical tribe or tribes from which the petitioner descends was located historically4 #ajd4 ,groups eligible to submit petitions 7a7 ,eligible groups ,indian groups indigenous to the continental ,united ,states that are not federally recognized ,indian tribes on the date of the enactment of this ,act may submit a petition under this title4 7b7 ,ineligible groups ,the following may not submit a petition under this title3 7#a7 ,splinter groups1 political factions1 communities or groups of any character that separate from the main body of a federally recognized ,indian tribe1 unless they can establish clearly that they have functioned throughout history until the present as an autonomous tribal entity1 even if they have been regarded by some as part of or have been associated in some manner with a federally recognized ,indian tribe4 7#b7 ,indian tribes1 organized bands1 pueblos1 ,alaska native villages1 or communities that have been lawfully acknowledged to be federally recognized ,indian tribes and are receiving services from the ,bureau of ,indian ,affairs4 7#c7 ,groups that petitioned and were denied ,federal acknowledgment under part #hc of title #be1 ,code of ,federal ,regulations1 including reorganized or reconstituted petitioners previously denied1 or splinter groups1 spin-offs1 or component groups of any type that were once part of petitioners previously denied4 7#d7 ,groups for which a documented petition has not been filed pursuant to section #aji by the date that is five years after the date of the enactment of this ,act4 7c7 ,groups with petitions in progress ,this title1 including the criteria in section #ajg1 shall apply to any ,indian group whose documented petition was submitted and not denied on the date of the enactment of this ,act4 #aje4 ,filing a letter of intent ,any ,indian group in the continental ,united ,states that believes it should be acknowledged as an ,indian tribe and that it can satisfy the criteria in this title may submit a letter of intent requesting acknowledgment that an ,indian group exists as an ,indian tribe4 ,the letter of intent submitted under this section-- 7#a7 shall be filed with the ,assistant ,secretary--,indian ,affairs1 ,department of the ,interior2 7#b7 may be filed in advance of1 or at the same time as1 a group's documented petition2 and 7#c7 shall be produced1 dated and signed by the governing body of an ,indian group4 #ajf4 ,duties of the ,assistant ,secretary 7a7 ,guidelines ,the ,assistant ,secretary shall make available guidelines for the preparation of documented petitions4 ,these guidelines shall-- 7#a7 include an explanation of the criteria1 a discussion of the types of evidence which may be used to demonstrate particular criteria1 and general suggestions and guidelines on how and where to conduct research2 7#b7 include an example of a documented petition format which shall provide guidance1 but not preclude the use of any other format2 and 7#c7 may be supplemented or updated as necessary4 7b7 ,research and preparation of petition ,the ,assistant ,secretary-- 7#a7 shall provide petitioners with suggestions and advice regarding preparation of the documented petition2 and 7#b7 shall not be responsible for the actual research on behalf of the petitioner4 #ajg4 ,criteria for ,federal acknowledgment ,the criteria for consideration for ,federal acknowledgment is1 at a minimum1 the following3 7#a7 ,the petitioner has been identified as an ,american ,indian entity on a substantially continuous basis since #aijj4 ,evidence that the group's character as an ,indian entity has from time to time been denied shall not be considered to be conclusive evidence that this criterion has not been met4 ,evidence to be relied upon in determining a group's ,indian identity may include one or a combination of the following1 as well as other evidence of identification by other than the petitioner itself or its members3 7,a7 ,identification as an ,indian entity by ,federal authorities4 7,b7 ,relationships with ,state governments based on identification of the group as ,indian4 7,c7 ,dealings with a county1 parish1 or other local government in a relationship based on the group's ,indian identity4 7,d7 ,identification as an ,indian entity by anthropologists1 historians1 and_/or other scholars4 7,e7 ,identification as an ,indian entity in newspapers and books4 7,f7 ,identification as an ,indian entity in relationships with ,indian tribes or with national1 regional1 or ,state ,indian organizations4 7#b7 ,a predominant portion of the petitioning group comprises a distinct community and has existed as a community from historical times until the present4 7,a7 ,this criterion may be demonstrated by some combination of the following evidence and_/or other evidence that the petitioner meets the definition of community3 7i7 ,significant rates of marriage within the group1 and_/or1 as may be culturally required1 patterned out-marriages with other ,indian populations4 7ii7 ,significant social relationships connecting individual members4 7iii7 ,significant rates of informal social interaction which exist broadly among the members of a group4 7iv7 ,a significant degree of shared or cooperative labor or other economic activity among the membership4 7v7 ,evidence of strong patterns of discrimination or other social distinctions by nonmembers4 7vi7 ,shared sacred or secular ritual activity encompassing most of the group4 7vii7 ,cultural patterns shared among a significant portion of the group that are different from those of the non-,indian populations with whom it interacts4 ,these patterns must function as more than a symbolic identification of the group as ,indian4 ,they may include1 but are not limited to1 language1 kinship organization1 or religious beliefs and practices4 7viii7 ,the persistence of a named1 collective ,indian identity continuously over a period of more than #ej years1 notwithstanding changes in name4 7ix7 ,a demonstration of historical political influence under the criterion in paragraph 7#c7 shall be evidence for demonstrating historical community4 7,b7 ,a petitioner shall be considered to have provided sufficient evidence of community at a given point in time if evidence is provided to demonstrate any one of the following3 7i7 ,more than #ej percent of the members reside in a geographical area exclusively or almost exclusively composed of members of the group1 and the balance of the group maintains consistent interaction with some members of the community4 7ii7 ,at least #ej percent of the marriages in the group are between members of the group4 7iii7 ,at least #ej percent of the group members maintain distinct cultural patterns such as1 but not limited to1 language1 kinship organization1 or religious beliefs and practices4 7iv7 ,there are distinct community social institutions encompassing most of the members1 such as kinship organizations1 formal or informal economic cooperation1 or religious organizations4 7v7 ,the group has met the criterion in paragraph 7#c7 using evidence described in paragraph 7#c77;,b74 7#c7 ,the petitioner has maintained political influence or authority over its members as an autonomous entity from historical times until the present4 7,a7 ,this criterion may be demonstrated by some combination of the evidence listed below and_/or by other evidence that the petitioner meets the definition of political influence or authority3 7i7 ,the group is able to mobilize significant numbers of members and significant resources from its members for group purposes4 7ii7 ,most of the membership considers issues acted upon or actions taken by group leaders or governing bodies to be of importance4 7iii7 ,there is widespread knowledge1 communication and involvement in political processes by most of the group's members4 7iv7 ,the group meets the criterion in paragraph 7#b7 at more than a minimal level4 7v7 ,there are internal conflicts which show controversy over valued group goals1 properties1 policies1 processes and_/or decisions4 7,b7 ,a petitioning group shall be considered to have provided sufficient evidence to demonstrate the exercise of political influence or authority at a given point in time by demonstrating that group leaders and_/or other mechanisms exist or existed which-- 7i7 allocate group resources such as land1 residence rights and the like on a consistent basis2 7ii7 settle disputes between members or subgroups by mediation or other means on a regular basis2 7iii7 exert strong influence on the behavior of individual members1 such as the establishment or maintenance of norms and the enforcement of sanctions to direct or control behavior2 and 7iv7 organize or influence economic subsistence activities among the members1 including shared or cooperative labor4 7,c7 ,a group that has met the requirements in paragraph 7#b77;,b7 at a given point in time shall be considered to have provided sufficient evidence to meet this criterion at that point in time4 7#d7 ,a copy of the group's present governing document including its membership criteria4 ,in the absence of a written document1 the petitioner must provide a statement describing in full its membership criteria and current governing procedures4 7#e7 ,the petitioner's membership consists of individuals who descend from a historical ,indian tribe or from historical ,indian tribes which combined and functioned as a single autonomous political entity4 7,a7 ,some types of evidence that can be used for this purpose include the following3 7i7 ,rolls prepared by the ,secretary on a descendancy basis for purposes of distributing claims money1 providing allotments1 or other purposes4 7ii7 ,state1 ,federal1 or other official records or evidence identifying present members or ancestors of present members as being descendants of a historical tribe or tribes that combined and functioned as a single autonomous political entity4 7iii7 ,church1 school1 and other similar enrollment records identifying present members or ancestors of present members as being descendants of a historical tribe or tribes that combined and functioned as a single autonomous political entity4 7iv7 ,affidavits of recognition by tribal elders1 leaders1 or the tribal governing body identifying present members or ancestors of present members as being descendants of a historical tribe or tribes that combined and functioned as a single autonomous political entity4 7v7 ,other records or evidence identifying present members or ancestors of present members as being descendants of a historical tribe or tribes that combined and functioned as a single autonomous political entity4 7,b7 ,the petitioner must provide an official membership list1 separately certified by the group's governing body1 of all known current members of the group4 ,this list must include each member's full name 7including maiden name71 date of birth1 and current residential address4 ,the petitioner must also provide a copy of each available former list of members based on the group's own defined criteria1 as well as a statement describing the circumstances surrounding the preparation of the current list and1 insofar as possible1 the circumstances surrounding the preparation of former lists4 7#f7 ,the membership of the petitioning group is composed principally of persons who are not members of any acknowledged ,north ,american ,indian tribe4 ,however1 under certain conditions a petitioning group may be acknowledged even if its membership is composed principally of persons whose names have appeared on rolls of1 or who have been otherwise associated with1 an acknowledged ,indian tribe4 ,the conditions are that the group must establish that it has functioned throughout history until the present as a separate and autonomous ,indian tribal entity1 that its members do not maintain a bilateral political relationship with the acknowledged tribe1 and that its members have provided written confirmation of their membership in the petitioning group4 7#g7 ,neither the petitioner nor its members are the subject of congressional legislation that has expressly terminated or forbidden the ,federal relationship4 #ajh4 ,previous ,federal acknowledgment 7a7 ,in general ,unambiguous previous ,federal acknowledgment shall be acceptable evidence of the tribal character of a petitioner to the date of the last such previous acknowledgment4 ,if a petitioner provides substantial evidence of unambiguous ,federal acknowledgment1 the petitioner shall only be required to demonstrate that it meets the requirements of section #ajg to the extent required by this section4 ,a determination of the adequacy of the evidence of previous ,federal action acknowledging tribal status shall be made during the technical assistance review of the documented petition conducted pursuant to section #aaj7;b74 7b7 ,evidence ,evidence to demonstrate previous ,federal acknowledgment includes evidence that the group-- 7#a7 has had treaty relations with the ,united ,states2 7#b7 has been denominated a tribe by an ,act of ,congress or ,executive order2 and 7#c7 has been treated by the ,federal ,government as having collective rights in tribal lands or funds4 #aji4 ,notice of receipt of a petition 7a7 ,in general ,not later than #cj days after receiving a letter of intent1 or a documented petition if a letter of intent has not previously been received and noticed1 the ,assistant ,secretary shall acknowledge to the sender such receipt in writing4 ,notice under this subsection shall-- 7#a7 include the name1 location1 and mailing address of the petitioner and such other information to identify the entity submitting the letter of intent or documented petition and the date it was received2 7#b7 serve to announce the opportunity for interested parties and informed parties to submit factual or legal arguments in support of or in opposition to the petitioner's request for acknowledgment or to request to be kept informed of all general actions affecting the petition2 and 7#c7 indicate where a copy of the letter of intent and the documented petition may be examined4 7b7 ,notice to ,state governments ,the ,assistant ,secretary shall notify1 in writing-- 7#a7 the ,governor and ,attorney ,general of the ,state or ,states in which a petitioner is located2 and 7#b7 any recognized tribe and any other petitioner that-- 7,a7 appears to have a historical or present relationship with the petitioner2 or 7,b7 may otherwise be considered to have a potential interest in the acknowledgment determination4 7c7 ,publication ,not later than #fj days after receiving a letter of intent1 or a documented petition if a letter of intent has not previously been received and noticed1 the ,assistant ,secretary shall have the notice required under this section published-- 7#a7 in the ,federal ,register2 and 7#b7 in a major newspaper or newspapers of general circulation in the town or city nearest to the petitioner4 #aaj4 ,processing of the documented petition 7a7 ,review ,upon receipt of a documented petition1 the ,assistant ,secretary-- 7#a7 shall cause a review to be conducted to determine the extent to which the petitioner has met the criteria set forth in section #ajg2 7#b7 shall include consideration of the documented petition and the factual statements contained therein2 7#c7 may initiate other research for any purpose relative to analyzing the documented petition and obtaining additional information about the petitioner's status2 and 7#d7 may consider any evidence which may be submitted by interested parties or informed parties4 7b7 ,technical assistance 7#a7 ,prior to review of the documented petition under subsection 7a71 the ,assistant ,secretary shall conduct a preliminary review of the petition in order to provide technical assistance to the petitioner4 7#b7 ,the review under paragraph 7#a7 shall be a preliminary review for the purpose of providing the petitioner an opportunity to supplement or revise the documented petition prior to the review under paragraph 7#a74 ,insofar as possible1 technical assistance reviews under this paragraph will be conducted in the order of receipt of documented petitions4 ,however1 technical assistance reviews will not have priority over active consideration of documented petitions4 7#c7 ,after the technical assistance review1 the ,assistant ,secretary shall notify the petitioner by letter of any obvious deficiencies or significant omissions apparent in the documented petition and provide the petitioner with an opportunity to withdraw the documented petition for further work or to submit additional information4 7#d7 ,if a petitioner's documented petition claims previous ,federal acknowledgment or includes evidence of previous ,federal acknowledgment1 the technical assistance review shall also include a review to determine whether that evidence is sufficient to meet the requirements of previous ,federal acknowledgment4 7c7 ,response to technical assistance review 7#a7 ,petitioners may respond in part or in full to the technical assistance review letter or request1 in writing1 that the ,assistant ,secretary proceed with the active consideration of the documented petition using the materials already submitted4 7#b7 ,if the petitioner requests that the materials submitted in response to the technical assistance review letter be again reviewed for adequacy1 the ,assistant ,secretary shall provide the additional review4 7#c7 ,if the assertion of previous ,federal acknowledgment under section #ajh cannot be substantiated during the technical assistance review1 the petitioner may respond by providing additional evidence4 ,a petitioner that claims previous ,federal acknowledgment and fails to respond to a technical assistance review letter under this subsection1 or whose response fails to establish the claim1 shall have its documented petition considered on the same basis as documented petitions submitted by groups not claiming previous ,federal acknowledgment4 ,petitioners that fail to demonstrate previous ,federal acknowledgment after a review of materials submitted in response to the technical assistance review shall be so notified4 ,such petitioners may submit additional materials concerning previous acknowledgment during the course of active consideration4 7d7 ,consideration of documented petitions ,the ,assistant ,secretary shall-- 7#a7 review documented petitions in the order that they are determined ready for review2 7#b7 establish and maintain a numbered register of documented petitions which have been determined ready for active consideration2 7#c7 maintain a numbered register of letters of intent or incomplete petitions based on the original date received by the ,department of the ,interior2 and 7#d7 use the register of letters of intent or incomplete petitions to determine the order of review by the ,assistant ,secretary if two or more documented petitions are determined ready for review on the same date4 7e7 ,report ,not later than #a year after notifying the petitioner that review of the documented petition has begun1 the ,assistant ,secretary shall-- 7#a7 submit a report including a summary of the evidence1 findings1 petition1 and supporting documentation1 to the ,committee on ,natural ,resources of the ,house of ,representatives and the ,committee on ,indian ,affairs of the ,senate2 7#b7 notify the petitioner and interested parties that the review is complete and the report required under paragraph 7#a7 has been submitted2 7#c7 provide copies of the report to the petitioner and interested parties2 and 7#d7 provide copies of the report to informed parties and others upon written request4 #aaa4 ,clarification of ,federal recognition authority 7a7 ,act of ,congress required ,an ,indian group may receive ,federal acknowledgment 7or reacknowledgment7 as an ,indian tribe only by an ,act of ,congress4 ,the ,secretary may not grant ,federal acknowledgment 7or reacknowledgment7 to any ,indian group4 7b7 ,previous acknowledgment ,this title shall not affect the status of any ,indian tribe that was federally acknowledged before the date of the enactment of this ,act4 #aab4 ,force and effect of regulations ,part #hc of title #be1 ,code of ,federal ,regulations1 shall have no force or effect4 ,,ii ,federal ,recognition of ,virginia ,indian ,tribes #bja4 ,short title ,this title may be cited as the ,thomasina ,e4 ,jordan ,indian ,tribes of ,virginia ,federal ,recognition ,act of #bjaf4 #bjb4 ,indian ,child ,welfare ,act of #aigh ,nothing in this title affects the application of section #aji of the ,indian ,child ,welfare ,act of #aigh 7#be ,u4,s4,c4 #aiai74 ,a ,chickahominy ,indian ,tribe #baa4 ,findings ,congress finds that-- 7#a7 in #afjg1 when the ,english settlers set shore along the ,virginia coastline1 the ,chickahominy ,indian ,tribe was one of about #cj tribes that received them2 7#b7 in #afad1 the ,chickahominy ,indian ,tribe entered into a treaty with ,sir ,thomas ,dale1 ,governor of the ,jamestown ,colony1 under which-- 7,a7 the ,chickahominy ,indian ,tribe agreed to provide #b bushels of corn per man and send warriors to protect the ,english2 and 7,b7 ,sir ,thomas ,dale agreed in return to allow the ,tribe to continue to practice its own tribal governance2 7#c7 in #afdf1 a treaty was signed which forced the ,chickahominy from their homeland to the area around the ,york ,mattaponi ,river in present-day ,king ,william ,county1 leading to the formation of a reservation2 7#d7 in #afgg1 following ,bacon's ,rebellion1 the ,queen of ,pamunkey signed the ,treaty of ,middle ,plantation on behalf of the ,chickahominy2 7#e7 in #agjb1 the ,chickahominy were forced from their reservation1 which caused the loss of a land base2 7#f7 in #agaa1 the ,college of ,william and ,mary in ,williamsburg established a grammar school for ,indians called ,brafferton ,college2 7#g7 a ,chickahominy child was one of the first ,indians to attend ,brafferton ,college2 7#h7 in #agej1 the ,chickahominy ,indian ,tribe began to migrate from ,king ,william ,county back to the area around the ,chickahominy ,river in ,new ,kent and ,charles ,city ,counties2 7#i7 in #agic1 a ,baptist missionary named ,bradby took refuge with the ,chickahominy and took a ,chickahominy woman as his wife2 7#aj7 in #ahca1 the names of the ancestors of the modern-day ,chickahominy ,indian ,tribe began to appear in the ,charles ,city ,county census records2 7#aa7 in #aija1 the ,chickahominy ,indian ,tribe formed ,samaria ,baptist ,church2 7#ab7 from #aija to #aice1 ,chickahominy men were assessed a tribal tax so that their children could receive an education2 7#ac7 the ,tribe used the proceeds from the tax to build the first ,samaria ,indian ,school1 buy supplies1 and pay a teacher's salary2 7#ad7 in #aiai1 ,c4 ,lee ,moore1 ,auditor of ,public ,accounts for ,virginia1 told ,chickahominy ,chief ,o4,w4 ,adkins that he had instructed the ,commissioner of ,revenue for ,charles ,city ,county to record ,chickahominy tribal members on the county tax rolls as ,indian1 and not as ,white or colored2 7#ae7 during the period of #aibj through #aicj1 various ,governors of the ,commonwealth of ,virginia wrote letters of introduction for ,chickahominy ,chiefs who had official business with ,federal agencies in ,washington1 ,,dc2 7#af7 in #aicd1 ,chickahominy ,chief ,o4,o4 ,adkins wrote to ,john ,collier1 ,commissioner of ,indian ,affairs1 requesting money to acquire land for the ,chickahominy ,indian ,tribe's use1 to build school1 medical1 and library facilities and to buy tractors1 implements1 and seed2 7#ag7 in #aicd1 ,john ,collier1 ,commissioner of ,indian ,affairs1 wrote to ,chickahominy ,chief ,o4,o4 ,adkins1 informing him that ,congress had passed the ,act of ,june #ah1 #aicd 7commonly known as the ,indian ,reorganization ,act7 7#be ,u4,s4,c4 #dfa et seq471 but had not made the appropriation to fund the ,act2 7#ah7 in #aidb1 ,chickahominy ,chief ,o4,o4 ,adkins wrote to ,john ,collier1 ,commissioner of ,indian ,affairs1 asking for help in getting the proper racial designation on ,selective ,service records for ,chickahominy soldiers2 7#ai7 in #aidc1 ,john ,collier1 ,commissioner of ,indian ,affairs1 asked ,douglas ,s4 ,freeman1 editor of the ,richmond ,news-,leader newspaper of ,richmond1 ,virginia1 to help ,virginia ,indians obtain proper racial designation on birth records2 7#bj7 ,collier stated that his office could not officially intervene because it had no responsibility for the ,virginia ,indians1 as a matter largely of historical accident1 but was interested in them as descendants of the original inhabitants of the region2 7#ba7 in #aidh1 the ,veterans' ,education ,committee of the ,virginia ,state ,board of ,education approved ,samaria ,indian ,school to provide training to veterans2 7#bb7 that school was established and run by the ,chickahominy ,indian ,tribe2 7#bc7 in #aiej1 the ,chickahominy ,indian ,tribe purchased and donated to the ,charles ,city ,county ,school ,board land to be used to build a modern school for students of the ,chickahominy and other ,virginia ,indian tribes2 7#bd7 the ,samaria ,indian ,school included students in grades #a through #h2 7#be7 in #aifa1 ,senator ,sam ,ervin1 ,chairman of the ,subcommittee on ,constitutional ,rights of the ,committee on the ,judiciary of the ,senate1 requested ,chickahominy ,chief ,o4,o4 ,adkins to provide assistance in analyzing the status of the constitutional rights of ,indians in your area2 7#bf7 in #aifg1 the ,charles ,city ,county school board closed ,samaria ,indian ,school and converted the school to a countywide primary school as a step toward full school integration of ,indian and non-,indian students2 7#bg7 in #aigb1 the ,charles ,city ,county school board began receiving funds under the ,indian ,self-,determination and ,education ,assistance ,act 7#be ,u4,s4,c4 #deh;aa et seq47 on behalf of ,chickahominy students1 which funding is provided as of the date of enactment of this ,act under title ,v of the ,indian ,self-,determination and ,education ,assistance ,act 7#be ,u4,s4,c4 #deh;aaa et seq472 7#bh7 in #aigd1 the ,chickahominy ,indian ,tribe bought land and built a tribal center using monthly pledges from tribal members to finance the transactions2 7#bi7 in #aihc1 the ,chickahominy ,indian ,tribe was granted recognition as an ,indian tribe by the ,commonwealth of ,virginia1 along with #e other ,indian tribes2 and 7#cj7 in #aihe1 ,governor ,gerald ,baliles was the special guest at an intertribal ,thanksgiving ,day dinner hosted by the ,chickahominy ,indian ,tribe4 #bab4 ,definitions ,in this subtitle3 7#a7 ,secretary ,the term ,secretary means the ,secretary of the ,interior4 7#b7 ,tribal member ,the term tribal member means-- 7,a7 an individual who is an enrolled member of the ,tribe as of the date of enactment of this ,act2 and 7,b7 an individual who has been placed on the membership rolls of the ,tribe in accordance with this subtitle4 7#c7 ,tribe ,the term ,tribe means the ,chickahominy ,indian ,tribe4 #bac4 ,federal recognition 7a7 ,federal ,recognition 7#a7 ,in general ,federal recognition is extended to the ,tribe4 7#b7 ,applicability of laws ,all laws 7including regulations7 of the ,united ,states of general applicability to ,indians or nations1 ,indian tribes1 or bands of ,indians 7including the ,act of ,june #ah1 #aicd 7#be ,u4,s4,c4 #dfa et seq477 that are not inconsistent with this subtitle shall be applicable to the ,tribe and tribal members4 7b7 ,federal ,services and ,benefits 7#a7 ,in general ,on and after the date of enactment of this ,act1 the ,tribe and tribal members shall be eligible for all services and benefits provided by the ,federal ,government to federally recognized ,indian tribes without regard to the existence of a reservation for the ,tribe4 7#b7 ,service area ,for the purpose of the delivery of ,federal services to tribal members1 the service area of the ,tribe shall be considered to be the area comprised of ,new ,kent ,county1 ,james ,city ,county1 ,charles ,city ,county1 and ,henrico ,county1 ,virginia4 #bad4 ,membership2 governing documents ,the membership roll and governing documents of the ,tribe shall be the most recent membership roll and governing documents1 respectively1 submitted by the ,tribe to the ,secretary before the date of enactment of this ,act4 #bae4 ,governing body ,the governing body of the ,tribe shall be-- 7#a7 the governing body of the ,tribe in place as of the date of enactment of this ,act2 or 7#b7 any subsequent governing body elected in accordance with the election procedures specified in the governing documents of the ,tribe4 #baf4 ,reservation of the ,tribe 7a7 ,in general ,upon the request of the ,tribe1 the ,secretary of the ,interior-- 7#a7 shall take into trust for the benefit of the ,tribe any land held in fee by the ,tribe that was acquired by the ,tribe on or before ,january #a1 #bjjg1 if such lands are located within the boundaries of ,new ,kent ,county1 ,james ,city ,county1 ,charles ,city ,county1 or ,henrico ,county1 ,virginia2 and 7#b7 may take into trust for the benefit of the ,tribe any land held in fee by the ,tribe1 if such lands are located within the boundaries of ,new ,kent ,county1 ,james ,city ,county1 ,charles ,city ,county1 or ,henrico ,county1 ,virginia4 7b7 ,deadline for determination ,the ,secretary shall make a final written determination not later than three years of the date which the ,tribe submits a request for land to be taken into trust under subsection 7a77#b7 and shall immediately make that determination available to the ,tribe4 7c7 ,reservation status ,any land taken into trust for the benefit of the ,tribe pursuant to this paragraph shall1 upon request of the ,tribe1 be considered part of the reservation of the ,tribe4 7d7 ,gaming ,the ,tribe may not conduct gaming activities as a matter of claimed inherent authority or under the authority of any ,federal law1 including the ,indian ,gaming ,regulatory ,act 7#be ,u4,s4,c4 #bgja et seq47 or under any regulations thereunder promulgated by the ,secretary or the ,national ,indian ,gaming ,commission4 #bag4 ,hunting1 fishing1 trapping1 gathering1 and water rights ,nothing in this subtitle expands1 reduces1 or affects in any manner any hunting1 fishing1 trapping1 gathering1 or water rights of the ,tribe and members of the ,tribe4 ,b ,chickahominy ,indian ,tribe--,eastern ,division #bba4 ,findings ,congress finds that-- 7#a7 in #afjg1 when the ,english settlers set shore along the ,virginia coastline1 the ,chickahominy ,indian ,tribe was one of about #cj tribes that received them2 7#b7 in #afad1 the ,chickahominy ,indian ,tribe entered into a treaty with ,sir ,thomas ,dale1 ,governor of the ,jamestown ,colony1 under which-- 7,a7 the ,chickahominy ,indian ,tribe agreed to provide #b bushels of corn per man and send warriors to protect the ,english2 and 7,b7 ,sir ,thomas ,dale agreed in return to allow the ,tribe to continue to practice its own tribal governance2 7#c7 in #afdf1 a treaty was signed which forced the ,chickahominy from their homeland to the area around the ,york ,river in present-day ,king ,william ,county1 leading to the formation of a reservation2 7#d7 in #afgg1 following ,bacon's ,rebellion1 the ,queen of ,pamunkey signed the ,treaty of ,middle ,plantation on behalf of the ,chickahominy2 7#e7 in #agjb1 the ,chickahominy were forced from their reservation1 which caused the loss of a land base2 7#f7 in #agaa1 the ,college of ,william and ,mary in ,williamsburg established a grammar school for ,indians called ,brafferton ,college2 7#g7 a ,chickahominy child was one of the first ,indians to attend ,brafferton ,college2 7#h7 in #agej1 the ,chickahominy ,indian ,tribe began to migrate from ,king ,william ,county back to the area around the ,chickahominy ,river in ,new ,kent and ,charles ,city ,counties2 7#i7 in #agic1 a ,baptist missionary named ,bradby took refuge with the ,chickahominy and took a ,chickahominy woman as his wife2 7#aj7 in #ahca1 the names of the ancestors of the modern-day ,chickahominy ,indian ,tribe began to appear in the ,charles ,city ,county census records2 7#aa7 in #ahgj1 a census revealed an enclave of ,indians in ,new ,kent ,county that is believed to be the beginning of the ,chickahominy ,indian ,tribe--,eastern ,division2 7#ab7 other records were destroyed when the ,new ,kent ,county courthouse was burned1 leaving a ,state census as the only record covering that period2 7#ac7 in #aija1 the ,chickahominy ,indian ,tribe formed ,samaria ,baptist ,church2 7#ad7 from #aija to #aice1 ,chickahominy men were assessed a tribal tax so that their children could receive an education2 7#ae7 the ,tribe used the proceeds from the tax to build the first ,samaria ,indian ,school1 buy supplies1 and pay a teacher's salary2 7#af7 in #aiaj1 a #a-room school covering grades #a through #h was established in ,new ,kent ,county for the ,chickahominy ,indian ,tribe--,eastern ,division2 7#ag7 during the period of #aibj through #aiba1 the ,chickahominy ,indian ,tribe--,eastern ,division began forming a tribal government2 7#ah7 ,e4,p4 ,bradby1 the founder of the ,tribe1 was elected to be ,chief2 7#ai7 in #aibb1 ,tsena ,commocko ,baptist ,church was organized2 7#bj7 in #aibe1 a certificate of incorporation was issued to the ,chickahominy ,indian ,tribe--,eastern ,division2 7#ba7 in #aiej1 the #a-room ,indian school in ,new ,kent ,county was closed and students were bused to ,samaria ,indian ,school in ,charles ,city ,county2 7#bb7 in #aifg1 the ,chickahominy ,indian ,tribe and the ,chickahominy ,indian ,tribe--,eastern ,division lost their schools as a result of the required integration of students2 7#bc7 during the period of #aihb through #aihd1 ,tsena ,commocko ,baptist ,church built a new sanctuary to accommodate church growth2 7#bd7 in #aihc the ,chickahominy ,indian ,tribe--,eastern ,division was granted ,state recognition along with #e other ,virginia ,indian tribes2 7#be7 in #aihe-- 7,a7 the ,virginia ,council on ,indians was organized as a ,state agency2 and 7,b7 the ,chickahominy ,indian ,tribe--,eastern ,division was granted a seat on the ,council2 7#bf7 in #aihh1 a nonprofit organization known as the ,united ,indians of ,virginia was formed2 and 7#bg7 ,chief ,marvin ,strongoak ,bradby of the ,eastern ,band of the ,chickahominy presently chairs the organization4 #bbb4 ,definitions ,in this subtitle3 7#a7 ,secretary ,the term ,secretary means the ,secretary of the ,interior4 7#b7 ,tribal member ,the term tribal member means-- 7,a7 an individual who is an enrolled member of the ,tribe as of the date of enactment of this ,act2 and 7,b7 an individual who has been placed on the membership rolls of the ,tribe in accordance with this subtitle4 7#c7 ,tribe ,the term ,tribe means the ,chickahominy ,indian ,tribe--,eastern ,division4 #bbc4 ,federal recognition 7a7 ,federal ,recognition 7#a7 ,in general ,federal recognition is extended to the ,tribe4 7#b7 ,applicability of laws ,all laws 7including regulations7 of the ,united ,states of general applicability to ,indians or nations1 ,indian tribes1 or bands of ,indians 7including the ,act of ,june #ah1 #aicd 7#be ,u4,s4,c4 #dfa et seq477 that are not inconsistent with this subtitle shall be applicable to the ,tribe and tribal members4 7b7 ,federal ,services and ,benefits 7#a7 ,in general ,on and after the date of enactment of this ,act1 the ,tribe and tribal members shall be eligible for all future services and benefits provided by the ,federal ,government to federally recognized ,indian tribes without regard to the existence of a reservation for the ,tribe4 7#b7 ,service area ,for the purpose of the delivery of ,federal services to tribal members1 the service area of the ,tribe shall be considered to be the area comprised of ,new ,kent ,county1 ,james ,city ,county1 ,charles ,city ,county1 and ,henrico ,county1 ,virginia4 #bbd4 ,membership2 governing documents ,the membership roll and governing documents of the ,tribe shall be the most recent membership roll and governing documents1 respectively1 submitted by the ,tribe to the ,secretary before the date of enactment of this ,act4 #bbe4 ,governing body ,the governing body of the ,tribe shall be-- 7#a7 the governing body of the ,tribe in place as of the date of enactment of this ,act2 or 7#b7 any subsequent governing body elected in accordance with the election procedures specified in the governing documents of the ,tribe4 #bbf4 ,reservation of the ,tribe 7a7 ,in general ,upon the request of the ,tribe1 the ,secretary of the ,interior-- 7#a7 shall take into trust for the benefit of the ,tribe any land held in fee by the ,tribe that was acquired by the ,tribe on or before ,january #a1 #bjjg1 if such lands are located within the boundaries of ,new ,kent ,county1 ,james ,city ,county1 ,charles ,city ,county1 or ,henrico ,county1 ,virginia2 and 7#b7 may take into trust for the benefit of the ,tribe any land held in fee by the ,tribe1 if such lands are located within the boundaries of ,new ,kent ,county1 ,james ,city ,county1 ,charles ,city ,county1 or ,henrico ,county1 ,virginia4 7b7 ,deadline for determination ,the ,secretary shall make a final written determination not later than three years of the date which the ,tribe submits a request for land to be taken into trust under subsection 7a77#b7 and shall immediately make that determination available to the ,tribe4 7c7 ,reservation status ,any land taken into trust for the benefit of the ,tribe pursuant to this paragraph shall1 upon request of the ,tribe1 be considered part of the reservation of the ,tribe4 7d7 ,gaming ,the ,tribe may not conduct gaming activities as a matter of claimed inherent authority or under the authority of any ,federal law1 including the ,indian ,gaming ,regulatory ,act 7#be ,u4,s4,c4 #bgja et seq47 or under any regulations thereunder promulgated by the ,secretary or the ,national ,indian ,gaming ,commission4 #bbg4 ,hunting1 fishing1 trapping1 gathering1 and water rights ,nothing in this subtitle expands1 reduces1 or affects in any manner any hunting1 fishing1 trapping1 gathering1 or water rights of the ,tribe and members of the ,tribe4 ,c ,upper ,mattaponi ,tribe #bca4 ,findings ,congress finds that-- 7#a7 during the period of #afjg through #afdf1 the ,chickahominy ,indian ,tribes-- 7,a7 lived approximately #bj miles from ,jamestown2 and 7,b7 were significantly involved in ,english-,indian affairs2 7#b7 ,mattaponi ,indians1 who later joined the ,chickahominy ,indians1 lived a greater distance from ,jamestown2 7#c7 in #afdf1 the ,chickahominy ,indians moved to ,mattaponi ,river basin1 away from the ,english2 7#d7 in #affa1 the ,chickahominy ,indians sold land at a place known as the cliffs on the ,mattaponi ,river2 7#e7 in #affi1 the ,chickahominy ,indians-- 7,a7 appeared in the ,virginia ,colony's census of ,indian bowmen2 and 7,b7 lived in ,new ,kent ,county1 which included the ,mattaponi ,river basin at that time2 7#f7 in #afgg1 the ,chickahominy and ,mattaponi ,indians were subjects of the ,queen of ,pamunkey1 who was a signatory to the ,treaty of #afgg with the ,king of ,england2 7#g7 in #afhc1 after a ,mattaponi town was attacked by ,seneca ,indians1 the ,mattaponi ,indians took refuge with the ,chickahominy ,indians1 and the history of the #b groups was intertwined for many years thereafter2 7#h7 in #afie1 the ,chickahominy and ,mattaponi ,indians-- 7,a7 were assigned a reservation by the ,virginia ,colony2 and 7,b7 traded land of the reservation for land at the place known as the cliffs 7which1 as of the date of enactment of this ,act1 is the ,mattaponi ,indian ,reservation71 which had been owned by the ,mattaponi ,indians before #affa2 7#i7 in #agaa1 a ,chickahominy boy attended the ,indian ,school at the ,college of ,william and ,mary2 7#aj7 in #agbf1 the ,virginia ,colony discontinued funding of interpreters for the ,chickahominy and ,mattaponi ,indian ,tribes2 7#aa7 ,james ,adams1 who served as an interpreter to the ,indian tribes known as of the date of enactment of this ,act as the ,upper ,mattaponi ,indian ,tribe and ,chickahominy ,indian ,tribe1 elected to stay with the ,upper ,mattaponi ,indians2 7#ab7 today1 a majority of the ,upper ,mattaponi ,indians have ,adams as their surname2 7#ac7 in #aghg1 ,thomas ,jefferson1 in ,notes on the ,commonwealth of ,virginia1 mentioned the ,mattaponi ,indians on a reservation in ,king ,william ,county and said that ,chickahominy ,indians were blended with the ,mattaponi ,indians and nearby ,pamunkey ,indians2 7#ad7 in #ahej1 the census of the ,united ,states revealed a nucleus of approximately #aj families1 all ancestral to modern ,upper ,mattaponi ,indians1 living in central ,king ,william ,county1 ,virginia1 approximately #aj miles from the reservation2 7#ae7 during the period of #ahec through #ahhd1 ,king ,william ,county marriage records listed ,upper ,mattaponis as ,indians in marrying people residing on the reservation2 7#af7 during the period of #ahhd through the present1 county marriage records usually refer to ,upper ,mattaponis as ,indians2 7#ag7 in #aija1 ,smithsonian anthropologist ,james ,mooney heard about the ,upper ,mattaponi ,indians but did not visit them2 7#ah7 in #aibh1 ,university of ,pennsylvania anthropologist ,frank ,speck published a book on modern ,virginia ,indians with a section on the ,upper ,mattaponis2 7#ai7 from #aibi until #aicj1 the leadership of the ,upper ,mattaponi ,indians opposed the use of a colored designation in the #aicj ,united ,states census and won a compromise in which the ,indian ancestry of the ,upper ,mattaponis was recorded but questioned2 7#bj7 during the period of #aidb through #aide-- 7,a7 the leadership of the ,upper ,mattaponi ,indians1 with the help of ,frank ,speck and others1 fought against the induction of young men of the ,tribe into colored units in the ,armed ,forces of the ,united ,states2 and 7,b7 a tribal roll for the ,upper ,mattaponi ,indians was compiled2 7#ba7 from #aide to #aidf1 negotiations took place to admit some of the young people of the ,upper ,mattaponi to high schools for ,federal ,indians 7especially at ,cherokee7 because no high school coursework was available for ,indians in ,virginia schools2 and 7#bb7 in #aihc1 the ,upper ,mattaponi ,indians applied for and won ,state recognition as an ,indian tribe4 #bcb4 ,definitions ,in this subtitle3 7#a7 ,secretary ,the term ,secretary means the ,secretary of the ,interior4 7#b7 ,tribal member ,the term tribal member means-- 7,a7 an individual who is an enrolled member of the ,tribe as of the date of enactment of this ,act2 and 7,b7 an individual who has been placed on the membership rolls of the ,tribe in accordance with this subtitle4 7#c7 ,tribe ,the term ,tribe means the ,upper ,mattaponi ,tribe4 #bcc4 ,federal recognition 7a7 ,federal ,recognition 7#a7 ,in general ,federal recognition is extended to the ,tribe4 7#b7 ,applicability of laws ,all laws 7including regulations7 of the ,united ,states of general applicability to ,indians or nations1 ,indian tribes1 or bands of ,indians 7including the ,act of ,june #ah1 #aicd 7#be ,u4,s4,c4 #dfa et seq477 that are not inconsistent with this subtitle shall be applicable to the ,tribe and tribal members4 7b7 ,federal ,services and ,benefits 7#a7 ,in general ,on and after the date of enactment of this ,act1 the ,tribe and tribal members shall be eligible for all services and benefits provided by the ,federal ,government to federally recognized ,indian tribes without regard to the existence of a reservation for the ,tribe4 7#b7 ,service area ,for the purpose of the delivery of ,federal services to tribal members1 the service area of the ,tribe shall be considered to be the area within #be miles of the ,sharon ,indian ,school at #acchc ,king ,william ,road1 ,king ,william ,county1 ,virginia4 #bcd4 ,membership2 governing documents ,the membership roll and governing documents of the ,tribe shall be the most recent membership roll and governing documents1 respectively1 submitted by the ,tribe to the ,secretary before the date of enactment of this ,act4 #bce4 ,governing body ,the governing body of the ,tribe shall be-- 7#a7 the governing body of the ,tribe in place as of the date of enactment of this ,act2 or 7#b7 any subsequent governing body elected in accordance with the election procedures specified in the governing documents of the ,tribe4 #bcf4 ,reservation of the ,tribe 7a7 ,in general ,upon the request of the ,tribe1 the ,secretary of the ,interior-- 7#a7 shall take into trust for the benefit of the ,tribe any land held in fee by the ,tribe that was acquired by the ,tribe on or before ,january #a1 #bjjg1 if such lands are located within the boundaries of ,king ,william ,county1 ,caroline ,county1 ,hanover ,county1 ,king and ,queen ,county1 and ,new ,kent ,county1 ,virginia2 and 7#b7 may take into trust for the benefit of the ,tribe any land held in fee by the ,tribe1 if such lands are located within the boundaries of ,king ,william ,county1 ,caroline ,county1 ,hanover ,county1 ,king and ,queen ,county1 and ,new ,kent ,county1 ,virginia4 7b7 ,deadline for determination ,the ,secretary shall make a final written determination not later than three years of the date which the ,tribe submits a request for land to be taken into trust under subsection 7a77#b7 and shall immediately make that determination available to the ,tribe4 7c7 ,reservation status ,any land taken into trust for the benefit of the ,tribe pursuant to this paragraph shall1 upon request of the ,tribe1 be considered part of the reservation of the ,tribe4 7d7 ,gaming ,the ,tribe may not conduct gaming activities as a matter of claimed inherent authority or under the authority of any ,federal law1 including the ,indian ,gaming ,regulatory ,act 7#be ,u4,s4,c4 #bgja et seq47 or under any regulations thereunder promulgated by the ,secretary or the ,national ,indian ,gaming ,commission4 #bcg4 ,hunting1 fishing1 trapping1 gathering1 and water rights ,nothing in this subtitle expands1 reduces1 or affects in any manner any hunting1 fishing1 trapping1 gathering1 or water rights of the ,tribe and members of the ,tribe4 ,d ,rappahannock ,tribe1 ,inc4 #bda4 ,findings ,congress finds that-- 7#a7 during the initial months after ,virginia was settled1 the ,rappahannock ,indians had #c encounters with ,captain ,john ,smith2 7#b7 the first encounter occurred when the ,rappahannock weroance 7headman7-- 7,a7 traveled to ,quiyocohannock 7a principal town across the ,james ,river from ,jamestown71 where he met with ,smith to determine whether ,smith had been the great man who had previously sailed into the ,rappahannock ,river1 killed a ,rappahannock weroance1 and kidnapped ,rappahannock people2 and 7,b7 determined that ,smith was too short to be that great man2 7#c7 on a second meeting1 during ,john ,smith's captivity 7,december #af1 #afjg1 to ,january #h1 #afjh71 ,smith was taken to the ,rappahannock principal village to show the people that ,smith was not the great man2 7#d7 a third meeting took place during ,smith's exploration of the ,chesapeake ,bay 7,july to ,september #afjh71 when1 after the ,moraughtacund ,indians had stolen #c women from the ,rappahannock ,king1 ,smith was prevailed upon to facilitate a peaceful truce between the ,rappahannock and the ,moraughtacund ,indians2 7#e7 in the settlement1 ,smith had the #b ,indian tribes meet on the spot of their first fight2 7#f7 when it was established that both groups wanted peace1 ,smith told the ,rappahannock ,king to select which of the #c stolen women he wanted2 7#g7 the ,moraughtacund ,king was given second choice among the #b remaining women1 and ,mosco1 a ,wighcocomoco 7on the ,potomac ,river7 guide1 was given the third woman2 7#h7 in #afde1 ,captain ,william ,claiborne tried unsuccessfully to establish treaty relations with the ,rappahannocks1 as the ,rappahannocks had not participated in the ,pamunkey-led uprising in #afdd1 and the ,english wanted to treat with the ,rappahannocks or any other ,indians not in amity with ,opechancanough1 concerning serving the county against the ,pamunkeys2 7#i7 in ,april #afea1 the ,rappahannocks conveyed a tract of land to an ,english settler1 ,colonel ,morre ,fauntleroy2 7#aj7 the deed for the conveyance was signed by ,accopatough1 weroance of the ,rappahannock ,indians2 7#aa7 in ,september #afec1 ,lancaster ,county signed a treaty with ,rappahannock ,indians1 the terms of which treaty-- 7,a7 gave ,rappahannocks the rights of ,englishmen in the county court2 and 7,b7 attempted to make the ,rappahannocks more accountable under ,english law2 7#ab7 in ,september #afec1 ,lancaster ,county defined and marked the bounds of its ,indian settlements2 7#ac7 according to the ,lancaster clerk of court1 the tribe called the great ,rappahannocks lived on the ,rappahannock ,creek just across the river above ,tappahannock2 7#ad7 in ,september #afef1 7,old7 ,rappahannock ,county 7which1 as of the date of enactment of this ,act1 is comprised of ,richmond and ,essex ,counties1 ,virginia7 signed a treaty with ,rappahannock ,indians that-- 7,a7 mirrored the ,lancaster ,county treaty from #afec2 and 7,b7 stated that-- 7i7 ,rappahannocks were to be rewarded1 in ,roanoke1 for returning ,english fugitives2 and 7ii7 the ,english encouraged the ,rappahannocks to send their children to live among the ,english as servants1 who the ,english promised would be well-treated2 7#ae7 in #afeh1 the ,virginia ,assembly revised a #afeb ,act stating that there be no grants of land to any ,englishman whatsoever de futuro until the ,indians be first served with the proportion of #ej acres of land for each bowman2 7#af7 in #affi1 the colony conducted a census of ,virginia ,indians2 7#ag7 as of the date of that census-- 7,a7 the majority of the ,rappahannocks were residing at their hunting village on the north side of the ,mattaponi ,river2 and 7,b7 at the time of the visit1 census-takers were counting only the ,indian tribes along the rivers1 which explains why only #cj ,rappahannock bowmen were counted on that river2 7#ah7 the ,rappahannocks used the hunting village on the north side of the ,mattaponi ,river as their primary residence until the ,rappahannocks were removed in #afhd2 7#ai7 in ,may #afgg1 the ,treaty of ,middle ,plantation was signed with ,england2 7#bj7 the ,pamunkey ,queen ,cockacoeske signed on behalf of the ,rappahannocks1 who were supposed to be her tributaries1 but before the treaty could be ratified1 the ,queen of ,pamunkey complained to the ,virginia ,colonial ,council that she was having trouble with ,rappahannocks and ,chickahominies1 supposedly tributaries of hers2 7#ba7 in ,november #afhb1 the ,virginia ,colonial ,council established a reservation for the ,rappahannock ,indians of #c1dgd acres about the town where they dwelt2 7#bb7 the ,rappahannock town was the hunting village on the north side of the ,mattaponi ,river1 where the ,rappahannocks had lived throughout the #afgjs2 7#bc7 the acreage allotment of the reservation was based on the #afeh ,indian land act1 which translates into a bowman population of #gj1 or an approximate total ,rappahannock population of #cej2 7#bd7 in #afhc1 following raids by ,iroquoian warriors on both ,indian and ,english settlements1 the ,virginia ,colonial ,council ordered the ,rappahannocks to leave their reservation and unite with the ,nanzatico ,indians at ,nanzatico ,indian ,town1 which was located across and up the ,rappahannock ,river some #cj miles2 7#be7 between #afhg and #afii1 the ,rappahannocks migrated out of ,nanzatico1 returning to the south side of the ,rappahannock ,river at ,portobacco ,indian ,town2 7#bf7 in #agjf1 by order of ,essex ,county1 ,lieutenant ,richard ,covington escorted the ,portobaccos and ,rappahannocks out of ,portobacco ,indian ,town1 out of ,essex ,county1 and into ,king and ,queen ,county where they settled along the ridgeline between the ,rappahannock and ,mattaponi ,rivers1 the site of their ancient hunting village and #afhb reservation2 7#bg7 during the #agfjs1 #c ,rappahannock girls were raised on ,thomas ,nelson's ,bleak ,hill ,plantation in ,king ,william ,county2 7#bh7 of those girls-- 7,a7 one married a ,saunders man2 7,b7 one married a ,johnson man2 and 7,c7 one had #b children1 ,edmund and ,carter ,nelson1 fathered by ,thomas ,cary ,nelson2 7#bi7 in the #aith century1 those ,saunders1 ,johnson1 and ,nelson families are among the core ,rappahannock families from which the modern ,tribe traces its descent2 7#cj7 in #ahai and #ahbj1 ,edward ,bird1 ,john ,bird 7and his wife71 ,carter ,nelson1 ,edmund ,nelson1 and ,carter ,spurlock 7all ,rappahannock ancestors7 were listed on the tax roles of ,king and ,queen ,county and taxed at the county poor rate2 7#ca7 ,edmund ,bird was added to the tax roles in #ahba2 7#cb7 those tax records are significant documentation because the great majority of pre-#ahfd records for ,king and ,queen ,county were destroyed by fire2 7#cc7 beginning in #ahai1 and continuing through the #ahhjs1 there was a solid ,rappahannock presence in the membership at ,upper ,essex ,baptist ,church2 7#cd7 that was the first instance of conversion to ,christianity by at least some ,rappahannock ,indians2 7#ce7 while twenty-six identifiable and traceable ,rappahannock surnames appear on the pre-#ahfc membership list1 and twenty-eight were listed on the #ahfc membership roster1 the number of surnames listed had declined to twelve in #ahgh and had risen only slightly to fourteen by #ahhh2 7#cf7 a reason for the decline is that in #ahgj1 a ,methodist circuit rider1 ,joseph ,mastin1 secured funds to purchase land and construct ,st4 ,stephens ,baptist ,church for the ,rappahannocks living nearby in ,caroline ,county2 7#cg7 ,mastin referred to the ,rappahannocks during the period of #ahej to #ahgj as ,indians1 having a great need for moral and ,christian guidance2 7#ch7 ,st4 ,stephens was the dominant tribal church until the ,rappahannock ,indian ,baptist ,church was established in #aifd2 7#ci7 at both churches1 the core ,rappahannock family names of ,bird1 ,clarke1 ,fortune1 ,johnson1 ,nelson1 ,parker1 and ,richardson predominate2 7#dj7 during the early #aijjs1 ,james ,mooney1 noted anthropologist1 maintained correspondence with the ,rappahannocks1 surveying them and instructing them on how to formalize their tribal government2 7#da7 in ,november #aibj1 ,speck visited the ,rappahannocks and assisted them in organizing the fight for their sovereign rights2 7#db7 in #aiba1 the ,rappahannocks were granted a charter from the ,commonwealth of ,virginia formalizing their tribal government2 7#dc7 ,speck began a professional relationship with the ,tribe that would last more than #cj years and document ,rappahannock history and traditions as never before2 7#dd7 in ,april #aiba1 ,rappahannock ,chief ,george ,nelson asked the ,governor of ,virginia1 ,westmoreland ,davis1 to forward a proclamation to the ,president of the ,united ,states1 along with an appended list of tribal members and a handwritten copy of the proclamation itself2 7#de7 the letter concerned ,indian freedom of speech and assembly nationwide2 7#df7 in #aibb1 the ,rappahannocks established a formal school at ,lloyds1 ,essex ,county1 ,virginia2 7#dg7 prior to establishment of the school1 ,rappahannock children were taught by a tribal member in ,central ,point1 ,caroline ,county1 ,virginia2 7#dh7 in ,december #aibc1 ,rappahannock ,chief ,george ,nelson testified before ,congress appealing for a #ej1jjj appropriation to establish an ,indian school in ,virginia2 7#di7 in #aicj1 the ,rappahannocks were engaged in an ongoing dispute with the ,commonwealth of ,virginia and the ,united ,states ,census ,bureau about their classification in the #aicj ,federal census2 7#ej7 in ,january #aicj1 ,rappahannock ,chief ,otho ,s4 ,nelson wrote to ,leon ,truesdell1 ,chief ,statistician of the ,united ,states ,census ,bureau1 asking that the #bah enrolled ,rappahannocks be listed as ,indians2 7#ea7 in ,february #aicj1 ,truesdell replied to ,nelson saying that special instructions were being given about classifying ,indians2 7#eb7 in ,april #aicj1 ,nelson wrote to ,william ,m4 ,steuart at the ,census ,bureau asking about the enumerators' failure to classify his people as ,indians1 saying that enumerators had not asked the question about race when they interviewed his people2 7#ec7 in a followup letter to ,truesdell1 ,nelson reported that the enumerators were flatly denying his people's request to be listed as ,indians and that the race question was completely avoided during interviews2 7#ed7 the ,rappahannocks had spoken with ,caroline and ,essex ,county enumerators1 and with ,john ,m4,w4 ,green at that point1 without success2 7#ee7 ,nelson asked ,truesdell to list people as ,indians if he sent a list of members2 7#ef7 the matter was settled by ,william ,steuart1 who concluded that the ,bureau's rule was that people of ,indian descent could be classified as ,indian only if ,indian blood predominated and ,indian identity was accepted in the local community2 7#eg7 the ,virginia ,vital ,statistics ,bureau classed all nonreservation ,indians as ,negro1 and it failed to see why an exception should be made for the ,rappahannocks2 7#eh7 therefore1 in #aibe1 the ,indian ,rights ,association took on the ,rappahannock case to assist the ,rappahannocks in fighting for their recognition and rights as an ,indian tribe2 7#ei7 during the ,second ,world ,war1 the ,pamunkeys1 ,mattaponis1 ,chickahominies1 and ,rappahannocks had to fight the draft boards with respect to their racial identities2 7#fj7 the ,virginia ,vital ,statistics ,bureau insisted that certain ,indian draftees be inducted into ,negro units2 7#fa7 finally1 #c ,rappahannocks were convicted of violating the ,federal draft laws and1 after spending time in a ,federal prison1 were granted conscientious objector status and served out the remainder of the war working in military hospitals2 7#fb7 in #aidc1 ,frank ,speck noted that there were approximately #be communities of ,indians left in the ,eastern ,united ,states that were entitled to ,indian classification1 including the ,rappahannocks2 7#fc7 in the #aidjs1 ,leon ,truesdell1 ,chief ,statistician1 of the ,united ,states ,census ,bureau1 listed #aah members in the ,rappahannock ,tribe in the ,indian population of ,virginia2 7#fd7 on ,april #be1 #aidj1 the ,office of ,indian ,affairs of the ,department of the ,interior included the ,rappahannocks on a list of ,indian tribes classified by ,state and by agency2 7#fe7 in #aidh1 the ,smithsonian ,institution ,annual ,report included an article by ,william ,harlen ,gilbert entitled1 ,surviving ,indian ,groups of the ,eastern ,united ,states1 which included and described the ,rappahannock ,tribe2 7#ff7 in the late #aidjs and early #aiejs1 the ,rappahannocks operated a school at ,indian ,neck2 7#fg7 the ,state agreed to pay a tribal teacher to teach #aj students bused by ,king and ,queen ,county to ,sharon ,indian ,school in ,king ,william ,county1 ,virginia2 7#fh7 in #aife1 ,rappahannock students entered ,marriott ,high ,school 7a ,white public school7 by executive order of the ,governor of ,virginia2 7#fi7 in #aigb1 the ,rappahannocks worked with the ,coalition of ,eastern ,native ,americans to fight for ,federal recognition2 7#gj7 in #aigi1 the ,coalition established a pottery and artisans company1 operating with other ,virginia tribes2 7#ga7 in #aihj1 the ,rappahannocks received funding through the ,administration for ,native ,americans of the ,department of ,health and ,human ,services to develop an economic program for the ,tribe2 and 7#gb7 in #aihc1 the ,rappahannocks received ,state recognition as an ,indian tribe4 #bdb4 ,definitions ,in this subtitle3 7#a7 ,secretary ,the term ,secretary means the ,secretary of the ,interior4 7#b7 ,tribal member ,the term tribal member means-- 7,a7 an individual who is an enrolled member of the ,tribe as of the date of enactment of this ,act2 and 7,b7 an individual who has been placed on the membership rolls of the ,tribe in accordance with this subtitle4 7#c7 ,tribe 7,a7 ,in general ,the term ,tribe means the organization possessing the legal name ,rappahannock ,tribe1 ,inc4 7,b7 ,exclusions ,the term ,tribe does not include any other ,indian tribe1 subtribe1 band1 or splinter group the members of which represent themselves as ,rappahannock ,indians4 #bdc4 ,federal recognition 7a7 ,federal ,recognition 7#a7 ,in general ,federal recognition is extended to the ,tribe4 7#b7 ,applicability of laws ,all laws 7including regulations7 of the ,united ,states of general applicability to ,indians or nations1 ,indian tribes1 or bands of ,indians 7including the ,act of ,june #ah1 #aicd 7#be ,u4,s4,c4 #dfa et seq477 that are not inconsistent with this subtitle shall be applicable to the ,tribe and tribal members4 7b7 ,federal ,services and ,benefits 7#a7 ,in general ,on and after the date of enactment of this ,act1 the ,tribe and tribal members shall be eligible for all services and benefits provided by the ,federal ,government to federally recognized ,indian tribes without regard to the existence of a reservation for the ,tribe4 7#b7 ,service area ,for the purpose of the delivery of ,federal services to tribal members1 the service area of the ,tribe shall be considered to be the area comprised of ,king and ,queen ,county1 ,caroline ,county1 ,essex ,county1 and ,king ,william ,county1 ,virginia4 #bdd4 ,membership2 governing documents ,the membership roll and governing documents of the ,tribe shall be the most recent membership roll and governing documents1 respectively1 submitted by the ,tribe to the ,secretary before the date of enactment of this ,act4 #bde4 ,governing body ,the governing body of the ,tribe shall be-- 7#a7 the governing body of the ,tribe in place as of the date of enactment of this ,act2 or 7#b7 any subsequent governing body elected in accordance with the election procedures specified in the governing documents of the ,tribe4 #bdf4 ,reservation of the ,tribe 7a7 ,in general ,upon the request of the ,tribe1 the ,secretary of the ,interior-- 7#a7 shall take into trust for the benefit of the ,tribe any land held in fee by the ,tribe that was acquired by the ,tribe on or before ,january #a1 #bjjg1 if such lands are located within the boundaries of ,king and ,queen ,county1 ,stafford ,county1 ,spotsylvania ,county1 ,richmond ,county1 ,essex ,county1 and ,caroline ,county1 ,virginia2 and 7#b7 may take into trust for the benefit of the ,tribe any land held in fee by the ,tribe1 if such lands are located within the boundaries of ,king and ,queen ,county1 ,richmond ,county1 ,lancaster ,county1 ,king ,george ,county1 ,essex ,county1 ,caroline ,county1 ,new ,kent ,county1 ,king ,william ,county1 and ,james ,city ,county1 ,virginia4 7b7 ,deadline for determination ,the ,secretary shall make a final written determination not later than three years of the date which the ,tribe submits a request for land to be taken into trust under subsection 7a77#b7 and shall immediately make that determination available to the ,tribe4 7c7 ,reservation status ,any land taken into trust for the benefit of the ,tribe pursuant to this paragraph shall1 upon request of the ,tribe1 be considered part of the reservation of the ,tribe4 7d7 ,gaming ,the ,tribe may not conduct gaming activities as a matter of claimed inherent authority or under the authority of any ,federal law1 including the ,indian ,gaming ,regulatory ,act 7#be ,u4,s4,c4 #bgja et seq47 or under any regulations thereunder promulgated by the ,secretary or the ,national ,indian ,gaming ,commission4 #bdg4 ,hunting1 fishing1 trapping1 gathering1 and water rights ,nothing in this subtitle expands1 reduces1 or affects in any manner any hunting1 fishing1 trapping1 gathering1 or water rights of the ,tribe and members of the ,tribe4 ,e ,monacan ,indian ,nation #bea4 ,findings ,congress finds that-- 7#a7 in #afgg1 the ,monacan ,tribe signed the ,treaty of ,middle ,plantation between ,charles ,,ii of ,england and #ab ,indian ,kings and ,chief ,men2 7#b7 in #agbb1 in the ,treaty of ,albany1 ,governor ,spotswood negotiated to save the ,virginia ,indians from extinction at the hands of the ,iroquois2 7#c7 specifically mentioned in the negotiations were the ,monacan tribes of the ,totero 7,tutelo71 ,saponi1 ,ocheneeches 7,occaneechi71 ,stengenocks1 and ,meipontskys2 7#d7 in #agij1 the first national census recorded ,benjamin ,evans and ,robert ,johns1 both ancestors of the present ,monacan community1 listed as white with mulatto children2 7#e7 in #aghb1 tax records also began for those families2 7#f7 in #ahej1 the ,united ,states census recorded #bi families1 mostly large1 with ,monacan surnames1 the members of which are genealogically related to the present community2 7#g7 in #ahgj1 a log structure was built at the ,bear ,mountain ,indian ,mission2 7#h7 in #aijh1 the structure became an ,episcopal ,mission and1 as of the date of enactment of this ,act1 the structure is listed as a landmark on the ,national ,register of ,historic ,places2 7#i7 in #aibj1 #cjd ,amherst ,indians were identified in the ,united ,states census2 7#aj7 from #aicj through #aica1 numerous letters from ,monacans to the ,bureau of the ,census resulted from the decision of ,dr4 ,walter ,plecker1 former head of the ,bureau of ,vital ,statistics of the ,commonwealth of ,virginia1 not to allow ,indians to register as ,indians for the #aicj census2 7#aa7 the ,monacans eventually succeeded in being allowed to claim their race1 albeit with an asterisk attached to a note from ,dr4 ,plecker stating that there were no ,indians in ,virginia2 7#ab7 in #aidg1 ,d',arcy ,mc,nickle1 a ,salish ,indian1 saw some of the children at the ,amherst ,mission and requested that the ,cherokee ,agency visit them because they appeared to be ,indian2 7#ac7 that letter was forwarded to the ,department of the ,interior1 ,office of ,indian ,affairs1 ,chicago1 ,illinois2 7#ad7 ,chief ,jarrett ,blythe of the ,eastern ,band of ,cherokee did visit the ,mission and wrote that he would be willing to accept these children in the ,cherokee school2 7#ae7 in #aigi1 a ,federal ,coalition of ,eastern ,native ,americans established the entity known as ,monacan ,co-operative ,pottery at the ,amherst ,mission2 7#af7 some important pieces were produced at ,monacan ,co-operative ,pottery1 including a piece that was sold to the ,smithsonian ,institution2 7#ag7 the ,mattaponi-,pamunkey-,monacan ,consortium1 established in #aiha1 has since been organized as a nonprofit corporation that serves as a vehicle to obtain funds for those ,indian tribes from the ,department of ,labor under ,native ,american programs2 7#ah7 in #aihi1 the ,monacan ,tribe was recognized by the ,commonwealth of ,virginia1 which enabled the ,tribe to apply for grants and participate in other programs2 and 7#ai7 in #aiic1 the ,monacan ,tribe received tax-exempt status as a nonprofit corporation from the ,internal ,revenue ,service4 #beb4 ,definitions ,in this subtitle3 7#a7 ,secretary ,the term ,secretary means the ,secretary of the ,interior4 7#b7 ,tribal member ,the term tribal member means-- 7,a7 an individual who is an enrolled member of the ,tribe as of the date of enactment of this ,act2 and 7,b7 an individual who has been placed on the membership rolls of the ,tribe in accordance with this subtitle4 7#c7 ,tribe ,the term ,tribe means the ,monacan ,indian ,nation4 #bec4 ,federal recognition 7a7 ,federal ,recognition 7#a7 ,in general ,federal recognition is extended to the ,tribe4 7#b7 ,applicability of laws ,all laws 7including regulations7 of the ,united ,states of general applicability to ,indians or nations1 ,indian tribes1 or bands of ,indians 7including the ,act of ,june #ah1 #aicd 7#be ,u4,s4,c4 #dfa et seq477 that are not inconsistent with this subtitle shall be applicable to the ,tribe and tribal members4 7b7 ,federal ,services and ,benefits 7#a7 ,in general ,on and after the date of enactment of this ,act1 the ,tribe and tribal members shall be eligible for all services and benefits provided by the ,federal ,government to federally recognized ,indian tribes without regard to the existence of a reservation for the ,tribe4 7#b7 ,service area ,for the purpose of the delivery of ,federal services to tribal members1 the service area of the ,tribe shall be considered to be the area comprised of all land within #be miles from the center of ,amherst1 ,virginia4 #bed4 ,membership2 governing documents ,the membership roll and governing documents of the ,tribe shall be the most recent membership roll and governing documents1 respectively1 submitted by the ,tribe to the ,secretary before the date of enactment of this ,act4 #bee4 ,governing body ,the governing body of the ,tribe shall be-- 7#a7 the governing body of the ,tribe in place as of the date of enactment of this ,act2 or 7#b7 any subsequent governing body elected in accordance with the election procedures specified in the governing documents of the ,tribe4 #bef4 ,reservation of the ,tribe 7a7 ,in general ,upon the request of the ,tribe1 the ,secretary of the ,interior-- 7#a7 shall take into trust for the benefit of the ,tribe any land held in fee by the ,tribe that was acquired by the ,tribe on or before ,january #a1 #bjjg1 if such lands are located within the boundaries of ,amherst ,county1 ,virginia2 and 7#b7 may take into trust for the benefit of the ,tribe any land held in fee by the ,tribe1 if such lands are located within the boundaries of ,amherst ,county1 ,virginia1 and those parcels in ,rockbridge ,county1 ,virginia 7subject to the consent of the local unit of government71 owned by ,mr4 ,j4 ,poole1 described as ,east #gca ,sandbridge 7encompassing approximately #d4gd acres7 and ,east #gca 7encompassing approximately #e4ab acres74 7b7 ,deadline for determination ,the ,secretary shall make a final written determination not later than three years of the date which the ,tribe submits a request for land to be taken into trust under subsection 7a77#b7 and shall immediately make that determination available to the ,tribe4 7c7 ,reservation status ,any land taken into trust for the benefit of the ,tribe pursuant to this paragraph shall1 upon request of the ,tribe1 be considered part of the reservation of the ,tribe4 7d7 ,gaming ,the ,tribe may not conduct gaming activities as a matter of claimed inherent authority or under the authority of any ,federal law1 including the ,indian ,gaming ,regulatory ,act 7#be ,u4,s4,c4 #bgja et seq47 or under any regulations thereunder promulgated by the ,secretary or the ,national ,indian ,gaming ,commission4 #beg4 ,hunting1 fishing1 trapping1 gathering1 and water rights ,nothing in this subtitle expands1 reduces1 or affects in any manner any hunting1 fishing1 trapping1 gathering1 or water rights of the ,tribe and members of the ,tribe4 ,f ,nansemond ,indian ,tribe #bfa4 ,findings ,congress finds that-- 7#a7 from #afjg until #afdf1 ,nansemond ,indians-- 7,a7 lived approximately #cj miles from ,jamestown2 and 7,b7 were significantly involved in ,english-,indian affairs2 7#b7 after #afdf1 there were #b sections of ,nansemonds in communication with each other1 the ,christianized ,nansemonds in ,norfolk ,county1 who lived as citizens1 and the traditionalist ,nansemonds1 who lived further west2 7#c7 in #afch1 according to an entry in a #agth century sermon book still owned by the ,chief's family1 a ,norfolk ,county ,englishman married a ,nansemond woman2 7#d7 that man and woman are lineal ancestors of all of members of the ,nansemond ,indian tribe alive as of the date of enactment of this ,act1 as are some of the traditionalist ,nansemonds2 7#e7 in #affi1 the #b ,nansemond sections appeared in ,virginia ,colony's census of ,indian bowmen2 7#f7 in #afgg1 ,nansemond ,indians were signatories to the ,treaty of #afgg with the ,king of ,england2 7#g7 in #agjj and #agjd1 the ,nansemonds and other ,virginia ,indian tribes were prevented by ,virginia ,colony from making a separate peace with the ,iroquois2 7#h7 ,virginia represented those ,indian tribes in the final ,treaty of ,albany1 #agbb2 7#i7 in #agaa1 a ,nansemond boy attended the ,indian ,school at the ,college of ,william and ,mary2 7#aj7 in #agbg1 ,norfolk ,county granted ,william ,bass and his kinsmen the ,indian privileges of clearing swamp land and bearing arms 7which privileges were forbidden to other non-,whites7 because of their ,nansemond ancestry1 which meant that ,bass and his kinsmen were original inhabitants of that land2 7#aa7 in #agdb1 ,norfolk ,county issued a certificate of ,nansemond descent to ,william ,bass2 7#ab7 from the #agdjs to the #agijs1 the traditionalist section of the ,nansemond tribe1 #dj miles west of the ,christianized ,nansemonds1 was dealing with reservation land2 7#ac7 the last surviving members of that section sold out in #agib with the permission of the ,commonwealth of ,virginia2 7#ad7 in #agig1 ,norfolk ,county issued a certificate stating that ,william ,bass was of ,indian and ,english descent1 and that his ,indian line of ancestry ran directly back to the early #ahth century elder in a traditionalist section of ,nansemonds on the reservation2 7#ae7 in #ahcc1 ,virginia enacted a law enabling people of ,european and ,indian descent to obtain a special certificate of ancestry2 7#af7 the law originated from the county in which ,nansemonds lived1 and mostly ,nansemonds1 with a few people from other counties1 took advantage of the new law2 7#ag7 a ,methodist mission established around #ahej for ,nansemonds is currently a standard ,methodist congregation with ,nansemond members2 7#ah7 in #aija1 ,smithsonian anthropologist ,james ,mooney-- 7,a7 visited the ,nansemonds2 and 7,b7 completed a tribal census that counted #fa households and was later published2 7#ai7 in #aibb1 ,nansemonds were given a special ,indian school in the segregated school system of ,norfolk ,county2 7#bj7 the school survived only a few years2 7#ba7 in #aibh1 ,university of ,pennsylvania anthropologist ,frank ,speck published a book on modern ,virginia ,indians that included a section on the ,nansemonds2 and 7#bb7 the ,nansemonds were organized formally1 with elected officers1 in #aihd1 and later applied for and received ,state recognition4 #bfb4 ,definitions ,in this subtitle3 7#a7 ,secretary ,the term ,secretary means the ,secretary of the ,interior4 7#b7 ,tribal member ,the term tribal member means-- 7,a7 an individual who is an enrolled member of the ,tribe as of the date of enactment of this ,act2 and 7,b7 an individual who has been placed on the membership rolls of the ,tribe in accordance with this subtitle4 7#c7 ,tribe ,the term ,tribe means the ,nansemond ,indian ,tribe4 #bfc4 ,federal recognition 7a7 ,federal ,recognition 7#a7 ,in general ,federal recognition is extended to the ,tribe4 7#b7 ,applicability of laws ,all laws 7including regulations7 of the ,united ,states of general applicability to ,indians or nations1 ,indian tribes1 or bands of ,indians 7including the ,act of ,june #ah1 #aicd 7#be ,u4,s4,c4 #dfa et seq477 that are not inconsistent with this subtitle shall be applicable to the ,tribe and tribal members4 7b7 ,federal ,services and ,benefits 7#a7 ,in general ,on and after the date of enactment of this ,act1 the ,tribe and tribal members shall be eligible for all services and benefits provided by the ,federal ,government to federally recognized ,indian tribes without regard to the existence of a reservation for the ,tribe4 7#b7 ,service area ,for the purpose of the delivery of ,federal services to tribal members1 the service area of the ,tribe shall be considered to be the area comprised of the cities of ,chesapeake1 ,hampton1 ,newport ,news1 ,norfolk1 ,portsmouth1 ,suffolk1 and ,virginia ,beach1 ,virginia4 #bfd4 ,membership2 governing documents ,the membership roll and governing documents of the ,tribe shall be the most recent membership roll and governing documents1 respectively1 submitted by the ,tribe to the ,secretary before the date of enactment of this ,act4 #bfe4 ,governing body ,the governing body of the ,tribe shall be-- 7#a7 the governing body of the ,tribe in place as of the date of enactment of this ,act2 or 7#b7 any subsequent governing body elected in accordance with the election procedures specified in the governing documents of the ,tribe4 #bff4 ,reservation of the ,tribe 7a7 ,in general ,upon the request of the ,tribe1 the ,secretary of the ,interior-- 7#a7 shall take into trust for the benefit of the ,tribe any land held in fee by the ,tribe that was acquired by the ,tribe on or before ,january #a1 #bjjg1 if such lands are located within the boundaries of the city of ,suffolk1 the city of ,chesapeake1 or ,isle of ,wight ,county1 ,virginia2 and 7#b7 may take into trust for the benefit of the ,tribe any land held in fee by the ,tribe1 if such lands are located within the boundaries of the city of ,suffolk1 the city of ,chesapeake1 or ,isle of ,wight ,county1 ,virginia4 7b7 ,deadline for determination ,the ,secretary shall make a final written determination not later than three years of the date which the ,tribe submits a request for land to be taken into trust under subsection 7a77#b7 and shall immediately make that determination available to the ,tribe4 7c7 ,reservation status ,any land taken into trust for the benefit of the ,tribe pursuant to this paragraph shall1 upon request of the ,tribe1 be considered part of the reservation of the ,tribe4 7d7 ,gaming ,the ,tribe may not conduct gaming activities as a matter of claimed inherent authority or under the authority of any ,federal law1 including the ,indian ,gaming ,regulatory ,act 7#be ,u4,s4,c4 #bgja et seq47 or under any regulations thereunder promulgated by the ,secretary or the ,national ,indian ,gaming ,commission4 #bfg4 ,hunting1 fishing1 trapping1 gathering1 and water rights ,nothing in this subtitle expands1 reduces1 or affects in any manner any hunting1 fishing1 trapping1 gathering1 or water rights of the ,tribe and members of the ,tribe4 ,,iii ,little ,shell ,tribe of ,chippewa ,indians #cja4 ,short title ,this title may be cited as the ,little ,shell ,tribe of ,chippewa ,indians ,restoration ,act of #bjaf4 #cjb4 ,findings ,congress finds that-- 7#a7 the ,little ,shell ,tribe of ,chippewa ,indians is a political successor to signatories of the ,pembina ,treaty of #ahfc1 under which a large area of land in the ,state of ,north ,dakota was ceded to the ,united ,states2 7#b7 the ,turtle ,mountain ,band of ,chippewa of ,north ,dakota and the ,chippewa-,cree ,tribe of the ,rocky ,boy's ,reservation of ,montana1 which also are political successors to the signatories of the ,pembina ,treaty of #ahfc1 have been recognized by the ,federal ,government as distinct ,indian tribes2 7#c7 the members of the ,little ,shell ,tribe continue to live in the ,state of ,montana1 as their ancestors have for more than #ajj years since ceding land in the ,state of ,north ,dakota as described in paragraph 7#a72 7#d7 in the #aicjs and #aidjs1 the ,tribe repeatedly petitioned the ,federal ,government for reorganization under the ,act of ,june #ah1 #aicd 7#be ,u4,s4,c4 #dfa et seq47 7commonly known as the ,indian ,reorganization ,act72 7#e7 ,federal agents who visited the ,tribe and ,commissioner of ,indian ,affairs ,john ,collier attested to the responsibility of the ,federal ,government for the ,tribe and members of the ,tribe1 concluding that members of the ,tribe are eligible for1 and should be provided with1 trust land1 making the ,tribe eligible for reorganization under the ,act of ,june #ah1 #aicd 7#be ,u4,s4,c4 #dfa et seq47 7commonly known as the ,indian ,reorganization ,act72 7#f7 due to a lack of ,federal appropriations during the ,depression1 the ,bureau of ,indian ,affairs lacked adequate financial resources to purchase land for the ,tribe1 and the members of the ,tribe were denied the opportunity to reorganize2 7#g7 in spite of the failure of the ,federal ,government to appropriate adequate funding to secure land for the ,tribe as required for reorganization under the ,act of ,june #ah1 #aicd 7#be ,u4,s4,c4 #dfa et seq47 7commonly known as the ,indian ,reorganization ,act71 the ,tribe continued to exist as a separate community1 with leaders exhibiting clear political authority2 7#h7 the ,tribe1 together with the ,turtle ,mountain ,band of ,chippewa of ,north ,dakota and the ,chippewa-,cree ,tribe of the ,rocky ,boy's ,reservation of ,montana1 filed #b lawsuits under the ,act of ,august #ac1 #aidf 7#fj ,stat4 #ajdi7 7commonly known as the ,indian ,claims ,commission ,act71 to petition for additional compensation for land ceded to the ,united ,states under the ,pembina ,treaty of #ahfc and the ,mc,cumber ,agreement of #ahib2 7#i7 in #aiga and #aihb1 pursuant to ,acts of ,congress1 the tribes received awards for the claims described in paragraph 7#h72 7#aj7 in #aigh1 the ,tribe submitted to the ,bureau of ,indian ,affairs a petition for ,federal recognition1 which is still pending as of the date of enactment of this ,act2 and 7#aa7 the ,federal ,government1 the ,state of ,montana1 and the other federally recognized ,indian tribes of the ,state have had continuous dealings with the recognized political leaders of the ,tribe since the #aicjs4 #cjc4 ,definitions ,in this title3 7#a7 ,member ,the term member means an individual who is enrolled in the ,tribe pursuant to section #cjg4 7#b7 ,secretary ,the term ,secretary means the ,secretary of the ,interior4 7#c7 ,tribe ,the term ,tribe means the ,little ,shell ,tribe of ,chippewa ,indians of ,montana4 #cjd4 ,federal recognition 7a7 ,in general ,federal recognition is extended to the ,tribe4 7b7 ,effect of ,federal laws ,except as otherwise provided in this title1 all ,federal laws 7including regulations7 of general application to ,indians and ,indian tribes1 including the ,act of ,june #ah1 #aicd 7#be ,u4,s4,c4 #dfa et seq47 7commonly known as the ,indian ,reorganization ,act71 shall apply to the ,tribe and members4 #cje4 ,federal services and benefits 7a7 ,in general ,beginning on the date of enactment of this ,act1 the ,tribe and each member shall be eligible for all services and benefits provided by the ,united ,states to ,indians and federally recognized ,indian tribes1 without regard to-- 7#a7 the existence of a reservation for the ,tribe2 or 7#b7 the location of the residence of any member on or near an ,indian reservation4 7b7 ,service area ,for purposes of the delivery of services and benefits to members1 the service area of the ,tribe shall be considered to be the area comprised of ,blaine1 ,cascade1 ,glacier1 and ,hill ,counties in the ,state of ,montana4 #cjf4 ,reaffirmation of rights 7a7 ,in general ,nothing in this title diminishes any right or privilege of the ,tribe or any member that existed before the date of enactment of this ,act4 7b7 ,claims of ,tribe ,except as otherwise provided in this title1 nothing in this title alters or affects any legal or equitable claim of the ,tribe to enforce any right or privilege reserved by1 or granted to1 the ,tribe that was wrongfully denied to1 or taken from1 the ,tribe before the date of enactment of this ,act4 #cjg4 ,membership roll 7a7 ,in general ,as a condition of receiving recognition1 services1 and benefits pursuant to this title1 the ,tribe shall submit to the ,secretary1 by not later than #ah months after the date of enactment of this ,act1 a membership roll consisting of the name of each individual enrolled as a member of the ,tribe4 7b7 ,determination of membership ,the qualifications for inclusion on the membership roll of the ,tribe shall be determined in accordance with sections #a through #c of article #e of the constitution of the ,tribe dated ,september #aj1 #aigg 7including amendments to the constitution74 7c7 ,maintenance of roll ,the ,tribe shall maintain the membership roll under this section4 #cjh4 ,transfer of land 7a7 ,homeland ,the ,secretary shall acquire1 for the benefit of the ,tribe1 trust title to #bjj acres of land within the service area of the ,tribe to be used for a tribal land base4 7b7 ,additional land ,the ,secretary may acquire additional land for the benefit of the ,tribe pursuant to section #e of the ,act of ,june #ah1 #aicd 7#be ,u4,s4,c4 #dfe7 7commonly known as the ,indian ,reorganization ,act74 ,december #g1 #bjaf ,reported with an amendment1 committed to the ,committee of the ,whole ,house on the ,state of the ,union1 and ordered to be printed