,i #aad? ,,congress #a/ ,session ,h4 ,r4 #bgcg ,,9 ,,! ,,h\se ,,( ,,repres5tatives ,june #aa1 #bjae ,ms4 ,gabb>d 7= h]self1 ,mr4 ,heck ( ,nevada1 ,mr4 ,v>gas1 ,mr4 ,?ompson ( ,cali=nia1 ,mr4 ,takai1 & ,ms4 ,spei]7 introduc$ ! foll[+ bill2 :i* 0 ref]r$ to ! ,committee on ,f9ancial ,s]vices1 & 9 addition to ! ,committee on ,h\se ,adm9i/ration1 = a p]iod to be subsequ5tly det]m9$ by ! ,speak]1 9 ea* case = consid]ation ( su* provisions z fall )9 ! jurisdiction ( ! committee conc]n$ ,a ,,bill ,to aw>d a ,congressional ,gold ,m$al1 collectively1 to ! ,filip9o vet]ans ( ,_w ,w> ,,ii1 9 recognition ( ! d$icat$ s]vice ( ! vet]ans dur+ ,_w ,w> ,,ii4 #a4 ,%ort title ,?is ,act may be cit$ z ! ,filip9o ,vet]ans ( ,_w ,w> ,,ii ,congressional ,gold ,m$al ,act ( #bjae4 #b4 ,f9d+s ,congress f9ds ! foll[+3 7#a7 ,! ,fir/ ,philipp9e ,republic 0 f\nd$ z a result ( ! ,spani%-,am]ican ,w> 9 :i* ,filip9o revolution>ies & ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,arm$ ,=ces f\ght to ov]?r[ ,spani% colonial rule4 ,on ,june #ab1 #ahih1 ,filip9os decl>$ ! ,philipp9es to be an indep5d5t & sov]eign nation4 ,! ,treaty ( ,p>is negotiat$ betwe5 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,spa9 ignor$ ?is decl>ation ( indep5d5ce1 & ! ,unit$ ,/ates paid ,spa9 #bj1jjj1jjj to c$e control ( ! ,philipp9es to ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,filip9o nationali/s :o s\ght indep5d5ce r ?an a *ange 9 colonial rul]s cla%$ ) =ces ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 ! ,isl&s4 ,! ,philipp9e-,am]ican ,w>1 :i* (ficially la/$ = #c ye>s f #ahii to #aijb1 l$ to ! e/abli%m5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates civil gov]nm5t 9 ! ,philipp9es4 7#b7 ,9 #aija1 units ( ,filip9o soldi]s :o f\ght = ! ,unit$ ,/ates aga9/ ! nationali/ insurrection 7 =mally incorporat$ into ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,army z ! ,philipp9e ,sc\ts4 7#c7 ,9 #aicd1 ! ,philipp9e ,indep5d5ce ,act 7,public ,law #gc-abg2 #dh ,/at4 #def7 e/abli%$ a timetable = end+ colonial rule ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,betwe5 #aicd & ,philipp9e indep5d5ce 9 #aidf1 ! ,unit$ ,/ates reta9$ sov]eignty ov] ,philipp9e =eign policy & res]v$ ! "r to call ,filip9os into ! s]vice ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,arm$ ,=ces4 7#d7 ,on ,decemb] #ba #aice1 ,presid5t ( ! ,philipp9e ,commonweal?1 ,manuel ,quezon1 sign$ ! ,national ,def5se ,act1 pass$ by ! ,philipp9e ,assembly4 ,g5]al ,d\glas ,mac,arthur set ^u ! task ( creat+ an indep5d5t army 9 ! ,philipp9es1 consi/+ ( a small regul> =ce1 ! ,philipp9e ,con/abul>y1 a police =ce creat$ dur+ ! colonial p]iod ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & res]vi/s4 ,by ,july #aida1 ! ,philipp9e army _h #acj1jjj res]vi/s & #f1jjj (fic]s4 7#e7 ,on ,july #bf1 #aida1 z t5sions ) ,japan rose 9 ! ,pacific1 ,presid5t ,frankl9 ,d4 ,roosevelt us$ 8 au?ority ve/$ 9 ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ! ,philipp9e ,indep5d5ce ,act to call into s]vice ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ''' all ( ! organiz$ milit>y =ces ( ! ,gov]nm5t ( ! ,philipp9es4 ,on ,july #bg?1 #aida1 9 accordance ) a ,w> ,dep>tm5t directive receiv$ a day e>li]1 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,=ces 9 ! ,f> ,ea/ 7,,usaffe7 0 e/abli%$1 & ,manila 0 designat$ z ! comm& headqu>t]s4 ,comm&] ( ! ,,usaffe1 ,g5]al ,d\glas ,mac,arthur1 plann$ to absorb ! entire ,philipp9e army into ! ,,usaffe 9 phases4 ,! fir/ phase1 :i* began on ,septemb] #a1 #aida1 includ$ #be1jjj m5 & #d1jjj (fic]s4 7#f7 ,filip9os :o s]v$ 9 ! ,,usaffe includ$-- 7,a7 ! ,philipp9e ,sc\ts1 :o compris$ half ( ! #bb1ecb soldi]s 9 ! ,philipp9e ,dep>tm5t1 or ,unit$ ,/ates ,army g>rison /ation$ 9 ! ,isl&s at ! />t ( ! w>2 7,b7 ! ,philipp9e ,commonweal? ,army2 7,c7 ! new ,philipp9e ,sc\ts1 or ,filip9os :o volunte]$ to s]ve ) ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,army :5 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,arm$ ,=ces return$ to ! isl&2 7,d7 ,filip9o civilians :o volunte]$ to s]ve 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,arm$ ,=ces 9 #aide & #aidf1 & :o became atta*$ to v>i\s units ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,army2 & 7,e7 ! ,gu]rilla ,s]vices :o _h f\ght beh9d enemy l9es ?r\gh\t ! w>4 7#g7 ,ev5 aft] ho/ilities ceas$1 w>time s]vice ( ! new ,philipp9e ,sc\ts cont9u$ z a matt] ( law until ! end ( #aidf1 & ! =ce gradually disb&$ until x 0 dise/abli%$ 9 #aiej4 7#h7 ,on ,decemb] #h?1 #aida1 n ev5 #bd h\rs aft] ! bomb+ ( ,pe>l ,h>bor1 ,japanese ,imp]ial =ces attack$ bases ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,army 9 ! ,philipp9es4 7#i7 ,9 ! spr+ ( #aidb1 ! ,japanese #ad? ,army ov]ran ! ,bataan ,p59sula1 &1 aft] a h]oic b futile def5se1 m ?an #gh1jjj memb]s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,arm$ ,=ces 7 captur$1 specifically #ff1jjj ,filip9os & #ab1jjj s]vice memb]s f ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! ,japanese transf]r$ ! captur$ soldi]s f ,bataan to ,camp ,o',donnell1 9 :at is n[ kn[n z ! infam\s ,bataan ,dea? ,m>*4 ,=c$ to m>* ! #gj-mile di/ance 9 #a week1 )\t adequate food1 wat]1 or m$ic9e1 ne>ly #gjj memb]s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,arm$ ,=ces & an e/imat$ #f1jjj to #aj1jjj ,filip9os p]i%$ dur+ ! j\rney4 7#aj7 ,aft] ! fall ( ! ,bataan ,p59sula1 ! ,japanese ,army turn$ its sights on ,corregidor4 ,! e/imat$ =ces 9 def5se ( ,corregidor total$ #ac1jjj1 & 7 compris$ ( memb]s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,arm$ ,=ces & ,filip9o troops4 ,( ?is numb]1 #hjj 7 kill$1 #a1jjj 7 w\nd$1 & #aa1jjj 7 captur$ & =c$ to m>* ?r\gh ! city ( ,manila1 aft] :i* ! captur$ troops 7 di/ribut$ to v>i\s ,,p[ camps4 ,! re/ ( ! captur$ troops escap$ to organize or jo9 an und]gr\nd gu]rilla army4 7#aa7 ,ev5 be=e ! fall ( ,corregidor1 ,philipp9e resi/ance1 9 ! =m ( gu]rilla armies1 began to wage w>f>e on ! ,japanese invad]s4 ,gu]rilla armies1 f ,nor!rn ,luzon to ,m9danao-- 7,a7 raid$ ,japanese camps1 /eal+ weapons & supplies2 7,b7 sabotag$ & ambu%$ ,japanese troops on ! move2 & 7,c7 ) little weaponry1 & sev]ely outmat*$ 9 numb]s1 began to extract victories4 7#ab7 ,japanese intellig5ce reports reveal t f ! "t ! ,japanese invad$ until ! return ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,arm$ ,=ces 9 ! summ] ( #aidd1 an e/imat$ #cjj1jjj ,filip9os cont9u$ to fight aga9/ ,japanese =ces4 ,filip9o resi/ance aga9/ ! ,japanese 0 s /rong t1 9 #aidb1 ! ,imp]ial ,army =m$ ! ,mori/a ,butai1 a unit designat$ to suppress gu]rillas4 7#ac7 ,because ,philipp9e gu]rillas work$ to re/ore communication ) ,unit$ ,/ates =ces 9 ! ,pacific1 ,g5]al ,mac,arthur 0 able to use ! gu]rillas 9 advance ( a conv5tional op]ation & provid$ ! headqu>t]s ( ,g5]al ,mac,arthur ) valuable in=mation4 ,gu]rillas captur$ & transmitt$ to ! headqu>t]s ( ,g5]al ,mac,arthur ,japanese naval plans = ! ,c5tral ,pacific1 includ+ def5se plans = ! ,m>iana ,isl&s4 ,intellig5ce d]iv$ f gu]rillas relat+ to aircraft1 %ip1 & troop movem5ts all[$ = ,alli$ =ces to attack ,japanese supply l9es & gu]rillas & ev5 direct$ ,unit$ ,/ates subm>9es :]e to l& ag5ts & c>go on ! ,philipp9e coa/4 7#ad7 ,on ,decemb] #bj1 #aida1 ,presid5t ,roosevelt sign$ ! ,selective ,tra9+ & ,s]vice ,am5dm5ts ,act 7,public ,law #gg-cfj2 #ee ,/at4 #hdd7 :i*1 among o!r ?+s1 all[$ ,filip9os 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates to enli/ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,arm$ ,=ces4 ,9 ,febru>y #aidb1 ,presid5t ,roosevelt issu$ ! ,second ,w> ,p[]s ,act 7,public ,law #gg-ejg2 #ef ,/at4 #agf71 promis+ a simplifi$ naturalization process = ,filip9os :o s]v$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,arm$ ,=ces4 ,subsequ5tly1 #af1jjj ,filip9os 9 ,cali=nia alone decid$ to enli/4 7#ae7 ,! mobilization ( =ces includ$ ! activation & assumption ( comm& ( ! ,fir/ ,filip9o ,infantry ,battalion on ,april #a1 #aidb1 at ,camp ,san ,luis ,obispo1 ,cali=nia4 ,ord]s 7 issu$ to activate ! ,fir/ ,filip9o ,infantry ,regim5t & ,b& at ,sal9as1 ,cali=nia1 effective ,july #ac1 #aidb4 ,! activation ( ! ,second ,filip9o ,infantry ,regim5t occurr$ at ,=t ,ord1 ,cali=nia1 on ,novemb] #ba1 #aidb4 ,ne>ly #i1jjj ,filip9os & ,filip9o ,am]icans f\ght 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,army #a/ & #bnd ,filip9o ,infantry ,regim5ts4 7#af7 ,soldi]s ( ! #a/ & #bnd ,infantry ,regim5ts p>ticipat$ 9 ! bloody combat & mop-up op]ations at ,new ,gu9ea1 ,leyte1 ,sam>1 ,luzon1 & ! ,s\!rn ,philipp9es4 ,9 #aidc1 #hjj m5 7 select$ f ! #a/ & #bnd ,regim5ts & %ipp$ to ,au/ralia to receive tra9+ 9 intellig5ce ga!r+1 sabotage1 & demolition4 ,reorganiz$ z "p ( ! #a/ ,reconnaissance ,battalion1 ?is gr\p 0 s5t to ! ,philipp9es to coord9ate ) major gu]rilla armies 9 ! ,isl&s4 ,memb]s ( ! #a/ ,regim5t 7 also atta*$ to ! ,unit$ ,/ates #f? ,army ,alamo ,sc\ts1 a reconnaissance gr\p t travel$ #cj miles beh9d enemy l9es to free ,alli$ prison]s f ! ,cabanatuan dea? camp on ,janu>y #cj1 #aide4 ,9 addition1 9 #aide1 accord+ to ! #dda/ ,c\nt] ,intellig5ce ,unit ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,arm$ ,=ces1 ,philipp9e gu]rillas provid$ v important in=mation & sket*es ( enemy positions & in/allations = ! lib]ation ( ! ,santo ,tomas prison] ( w> camp1 an ev5t t made front page news across ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 7#ag7 ,9 ,m>* #aidd1 memb]s ( ! #bnd ,filip9o ,infantry ,regim5t 7 select$ = special assignm5ts1 includ+ intellig5ce missions1 & reorganiz$ z ! #bnd ,filip9o ,infantry ,battalion 7,sep>ate74 ,! #bnd ,filip9o ,infantry ,battalion contribut$ to mop-up op]ations z a civil affairs unit4 7#ah7 ,filip9os p>ticipat$ 9 ! w> out ( national pride1 z well z out ( a commitm5t to ! ,alli$ =ces /ruggle aga9/ fascism4 #eg1jjj ,filip9os 9 uni=m di$ 9 ! w> ef=t4 ,e/imates ( civilian dea?s range f #gjj1jjj to upw>ds ( #a1jjj1jjj1 or betwe5 #d4ch to #f4be p]c5t ( ! prew> population ( #af1jjj1jjj4 7#ai7 ,because ,filip9os :o s]v$ 9 ! ,commonweal? ,army ( ! ,philipp9es 7 orig9ally consid]$ a "p ( ! ,alli$ /ruggle1 ! milit>y ord] issu$ by ,presid5t ,roosevelt on ,july #bf1 #aida1 /at$ t ,filip9os :o s]v$ 9 ! ,commonweal? ,army ( ! ,philipp9es 7 entitl$ to full vet]ans b5efits4 ,! gu>antee to pay back ! s]vice ( ,filip9os ?r\gh vet]ans b5efits 0 rev]s$ by ! ,rescission ,acts ( #aidf 7,public ,laws #gi-cja & #gi-cia2 #fj ,/at4 #f & #fj ,/at4 #bba71 :i* deem$ t ! w>time s]vice ( ! ,commonweal? ,army ( ! ,philipp9es & ! new ,philipp9e ,sc\ts 0 n consid]$ active &1 !re=e1 did n qualify = b5efits4 7#bj7 ,! loyal & valiant ,filip9o ,vet]ans ( ,_w ,w> ,,ii f\ght1 suff]$1 &1 9 _m in/ances1 di$ 9 ! same mann] & "u ! same comm&] z o!r memb]s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,arm$ ,=ces dur+ ,_w ,w> ,,ii4 7#ba7 ,! ,filip9o ,vet]ans ( ,_w ,w> ,,ii :o h f\ght alongside1 & z an integral "p (1 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,arm$ ,=ces4 ,! ,philipp9es rema9$ a t]ritory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates = ! duration ( ! w> &1 accord+ly1 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ma9ta9$ sov]eignty ov] ,philipp9e =eign relations1 includ+ ,philipp9e laws enact$ by ! ,philipp9e ,gov]nm5t4 ,filip9os :o f\ght 9 ! ,philipp9es 7 n only def5d+ or fight+ = ! ,philipp9es1 b also def5d+ & ultimately lib]at+ sov]eign t]ritory held by ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,gov]nm5t4 7#bb7 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates rema9s =ev] indebt$ to ! brav]y1 valor1 & d$ication t ! ,filip9o ,vet]ans ( ,_w ,w> ,,ii display$4 ,_! commitm5t & sacrifice demon/rates a highly uncommon & comm5dable s5se ( patriotism & honor4 #c4 ,def9itions ,9 ?is ,act-- 7a7 ! t]m ,filip9o ,vet]ans ( ,_w ,w> ,,ii includes any individual :o s]v$-- 7#a7 honorably at any "t dur+ ! p]iod beg9n+ on ,july #bf1 #aida1 & end+ on ,decemb] #ca1 #aidf2 7#b7 9 an active-duty /atus "u ! comm& ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,arm$ ,=ces 9 ! ,f> ,ea/2 & 7#c7 7,a7 )9 ! ,philipp9e ,commonweal? ,army1 ! ,philipp9e ,sc\ts1 ! ,philipp9e ,con/abul>y1 ,recogniz$ ,gu]rilla units1 ! ,new ,philipp9e ,sc\ts1 ! ,fir/ ,filip9o ,infantry ,regim5t1 ! ,second ,filip9o ,infantry ,battalion 7,sep>ate71 or ! ,fir/ ,reconnaissance ,battalion2 or 7,b7 comm&+ or s]v+ 9 a unit describ$ 9 p>agraph 7#c77;,a7 z a ,unit$ ,/ates milit>y (fic] or enli/$ soldi]2 & 7b7 ! t]m ,secret>y means ! ,secret>y ( ! ,treasury4 #d4 ,congressional ,gold ,m$al 7a7 ,aw>d au?oriz$ ,! ,presid5t pro tempore ( ! ,s5ate & ! ,speak] ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives %all make appropriate arrangem5ts = ! aw>d1 on behalf ( ,congress1 ( a s+le gold m$al ( appropriate design to ! ,filip9o ,vet]ans ( ,_w ,w> ,,ii 9 recognition ( ! d$icat$ s]vice ( ! vet]ans dur+ ,_w ,w> ,,ii4 7b7 ,design & /rik+ ,= ! purposes ( ! aw>d ref]r$ to 9 subsection 7a71 ! ,secret>y %all /rike ! ,gold ,m$al ) suitable emblems1 devices1 & inscriptions1 to be det]m9$ by ! ,secret>y4 7c7 ,smi?sonian ,in/itution 7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,foll[+ ! aw>d ( ! gold m$al 9 honor ( ! ,filip9o ,vet]ans ( ,_w ,w> ,,ii1 ! gold m$al %all be giv5 to ! ,smi?sonian ,in/itution1 :]e x w be available = display z appropriate & made available = rese>*4 7#b7 ,s5se ( ,congress ,x is ! s5se ( ,congress t ! ,smi?sonian ,in/itution %\ld make ! gold m$al receiv$ "u p>agraph 7#a7 available = display else:]e1 p>ticul>ly at o!r appropriate locations associat$ ) ! ,filip9o ,vet]ans ( ,_w ,w> ,,ii4 7d7 ,duplicate m$als 7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,"u regulations t ! ,secret>y may promulgate1 ! ,secret>y may /rike & sell duplicates 9 bronze ( ! gold m$al /ruck "u ?is ,act1 at a price suffici5t to cov] ! co/s ( ! m$als1 includ+ labor1 mat]ials1 dies1 use ( ma*9]y1 & ov]head exp5ses4 7#b7 ,sale ( duplicate m$als ,! am\nts receiv$ f ! sale ( duplicate m$als "u p>agraph 7#a7 %all be deposit$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,m9t ,public ,ent]prise ,fund4 #e4 ,/atus ( m$als 7a7 ,national m$als ,m$als /ruck "u ?is ,act are national m$als = purposes ( *apt] #ea ( title #ca1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code4 7b7 ,numismatic items ,= purposes ( section #eacd ( title #ca1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 all m$als /ruck "u ?is ,act %all be consid]$ to be numismatic items4