#aad? ,,congress  #a/ ,session  ,h4 ,r4 
#bdid  ,,an ,,act  ,to support global   
anti-poa*+ ef=ts1 /r5g!n ! capacity (   
p>tn] c\ntries to c\nt] wildlife        
traffick+1 designate major wildlife     
traffick+ c\ntries1 & = o!r purposes4   
#a4 ,%ort title ,?is ,act may be cit$ z 
! ,global ,anti-,poa*+ ,act4  #b4 ,f9d+s
 ,congress f9ds ! foll[+3  7#a7 ,poa*+ &
 ! illicit trade 9 endang]$ & ?reat5$   
wildlife are among ! mo/ lucrative      
crim9al activities worldwide1 wor? an   
e/imat$ #g to #aj billion annually4     
7#b7 ,poa*+ & wildlife traffick+ h      
escalat$ 9 scale1 sophi/ication &       
viol5ce1 risk+ ! pot5tial ext9ction ( "s
 ( ! _w's mo/ iconic species4  7#c7     
,wildlife poa*+ & traffick+ ?reat5      
elephants1 rh9oc]os1 & tig]s greatly1 b 
also h deva/at+ impact on a numb] ( o!r 
species1 includ+ %>ks1 great apes1 &    
turtles4  7#d7 ,! high dem& = r>e       
wildlife products has driv5 prices to   
hi/orically high levels4  7#e7 ,mu* ( ! 
dem& = wildlife products comes f ,asia &

 is fuel$ by ! p]ceiv$ m$ic9al value &  
social /atus associat$ ) ^! products4   
7#f7 ,report+ indicates t a numb] (     
rebel gr\ps & t]rori/ organizations1    
includ+ ,sudan's ,janjawe$ militia1 !   
,"l's ,resi/ance ,army1 ! ,seleka rebel 
movem5t 9 ! ,c5tral ,african ,republic1 
& ,somalia's al-,%abaab1 ei!r p>ticipate
 9 or draw fund+ f illicit wildlife     
traffick+ networks4  7#g7 ,analyses     
sugge/ ! high dem& = illegal wildlife   
products1 comb9$ ) weak law en=cem5t &  
security measures & corruption &        
gov]nance failures1 has l$ to ! increas$
 involvem5t ( transnational organiz$    
crime 9 wildlife traffick+4  7#h7 ,!    
,unit$ ,nations ,security ,c\ncil has   
au?oriz$ multilat]al sanctions aga9/    
individuals & entities support+ arm$    
gr\ps ?r\gh ! illicit trade 9 wildlife1 
9 addition to o!r natural res\rces1 9 ! 
,democratic ,republic ( ,congo & !      
,c5tral ,african ,republic4  7#i7 ,a    
,national ,intellig5ce ,c\ncil analysis 
( wildlife poa*+ ?reats f\nd t c]ta9    

,african gov]nm5t (ficials facilitat$ ! 
movem5t ( wildlife products1 & t ^!     
gov]nm5ts' ability to r$uce poa*+ &     
traffick+ 0 h9d]$ by corruption & weak  
rule ( law4  7#aj7 ,on ,novemb] #ac1    
#bjac1 ! ,secret>y ( ,/ate ann\nc$ !    
fir/ rew>d "u ! ,transnational ,organiz$
 ,crime ,rew>ds ,program = in=mation    
lead+ to ! dismantl+ ( ! ,xaysavang     
,network1 a l>ge wildlife traffick+     
syndicate t is bas$ 9 ,laos & spans     
,africa & ,asia4  #c4 ,expansion (      
wildlife en=cem5t networks  7a7 ,f9d+s  
,congress f9ds ! foll[+3 7#a7 ,wildlife 
en=cem5t networks are gov]nm5t-l$1      
regionally-focus$ me*anisms t increase  
capacity & coord9ation ef=ts betwe5 law 
en=cem5t1 environm5tal ag5cies1 & o!r   
entities focus$ on c\nt]+ wildlife      
traffick+ ( memb] c\ntries4  7#b7       
,curr5tly !re are active wildlife       
en=cem5t networks 9 ,s\!a/ ,asia1 ,s\?  
,asia1 & ,c5tral ,am]ica4 ,! m mature   
wildlife en=cem5t networks1 su* z !     
,s\!a/ ,asia wildlife en=cem5t network1 

h prov5 effective 9 dismantl+           
transnational wildlife traffick+        
networks & br++ to ju/ice ^? individuals
 involv$ 9 ! illegal trade ( endang]$ & 
?reat5$ species4  7#c7 ,ef=ts are       
und]way to e/abli% additional wildlife  
en=cem5t networks 9 ,c5tral ,africa1 !  
,horn ( ,africa1 ,s\? ,am]ica1 & ,c5tral
 & ,we/ ,asia1 among o!r regions4  7b7  
,/atem5t ( policy ,! ,secret>y ( ,/ate1 
! ,adm9i/rator ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,ag5cy 
= ,int]national ,developm5t1 ! ,director
 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,fi% & ,wildlife     
,s]vice1 & heads ( o!r appropriate      
ag5cies %\ld1 9 an ef=t to address      
regional ?reats to biodiv]sity &        
cons]vation1 support /r5g!n+ exi/+      
wildlife en=cem5t networks & !          
e/abli%m5t ( new networks 9 o!r         
appropriate regions4  7c7 ,s5se (       
,congress ,x is ! s5se ( ,congress t 9 !
 process ( /r5g!n+ & exp&+ wildlife     
en=cem5t networks1 ! appropriate ag5cies
 %\ld--  7#a7 assess ! exi/+ capacity ( 
wildlife en=cem5t network memb] c\ntries

 to ga!r basel9e data t may be us$ =    
develop+ program activities = ! wildlife
 en=cem5t network2  7#b7 e/abli% a      
c5tral secret>iat )9 ea* wildlife       
en=cem5t network t w coord9ate !        
op]ational me*anisms ( ea* su* network2 
7#c7 e/abli% a focal me*anism 9 ea*     
memb] c\ntry ( a wildlife en=cem5t      
network1 t includes repres5tatives f    
environm5tal & wildlife protection      
ag5cies1 law en=cem5t ag5cies1 f9ancial 
intellig5ce units1 cu/oms & bord]       
protection ag5cies1 & ! judici>y sy/em1 
t w s]ve z a conduit to ! l>g] wildlife 
en=cem5t network & ! c5tral secret>iat2 
7#d7 /r5g!n coop]ation & ! capacity (   
law en=cem5t ag5cies ( ! wildlife       
en=cem5t network2  7#e7 facilitate ! %>+
 ( intellig5ce & relevant case in=mation
 )9 ! ag5cies ( a wildlife en=cem5t     
network2  7#f7 support ! coop]ation &   
coord9ation betwe5 diff]5t regional     
wildlife en=cem5t networks2  7#g7       
incorporate & utilize exp]tise f        
int]national bodies & civil society     

organizations t h appropriate subject   
matt] exp]tise2  7#h7 ev5tually create  
an in/itutionaliz$1 su/a9able1 &        
self-suffici5t plat=m2 &  7#i7 recognize
 t lawful1 well regulat$ hunt+ c        
contribute to su/a9ability & economic   
developm5t1 & t en=cem5t policies %\ld n
 disc\rage or imp$e ?is activity4  #d4  
,support+ ! pr(essionalization ( !      
wildlife law en=cem5t sector ,!         
,secret>y ( ,/ate1 ! ,adm9i/rator ( !   
,unit$ ,/ates ,ag5cy = ,int]national    
,developm5t1 ! ,director ( ! ,unit$     
,/ates ,fi% & ,wildlife ,s]vice1 & heads
 ( o!r appropriate ag5cies1 includ+ !   
,national ,p>k ,s]vice & ! ,unit$ ,/ates
 ,=e/ ,s]vice1 %\ld1 9 an ef=t to       
address local & regional ?reats to      
biodiv]sity & cons]vation & support !   
rule ( law & good gov]nance1 promote !  
pr(essionalization ( ! wildlife law     
en=cem5t sector & pr(essional rang]     
tra9+ 9 p>tn] c\ntries ?r\gh support &  
te*nical assi/ance = ! foll[+3  7#a7 ,! 
creation & adoption ( /&>ds =           

pr(essional rang] tra9+ &               
qualifications1 includ+ 9 relevant      
int]national =a & multilat]al agreem5ts4
  7#b7 ,tra9+ & accr$itation sy/ems bas$
 on ! /&>ds describ$ 9 p>agraph 7#a7 t  
produce pr(essionally tra9$ & qualifi$  
rang]s & promote ! ov]all               
pr(essionalization ( rang] =ces1 :e!r   
?r\gh exi/+ ,unit$ ,/ates in/itutions1  
su* z ,int]national ,law ,en=cem5t      
,academies1 or ?r\gh p>tn]%ips )        
national or regional tra9+ in/itutions4 
7#c7 ,legal re=ms1 :]e necess>y1 to     
provide rang]s ) au?ority to deta9 &    
arre/ suspects1 process crime sc5es1    
pres5t evid5ce 9 c\rt1 & def5d !mselves 
9 life ?reat5+ situations4  7#d7 ,!     
developm5t & in/itutionalization ( rew>d
 & promotion sy/ems = rang]s bas$ on    
p]=mance & set compet5cies4  7#e7 ,!    
developm5t & in/itutionalization (      
national sy/ems to provide insurance to 
rang]s & _! families & comp5sation = ^? 
rang]s kill$ 9 ! l9e ( duty4  7#f7      
,coop]ation & coord9ation betwe5 local  

law en=cem5t task$ ) wildlife or p>k    
protection & local def5se =ces1 :]e     
appropriate1 includ+ tra9+              
opportunities1 logi/ical support1 or    
provision ( equipm5t4  #e4 ,designation 
( major wildlife traffick+ c\ntries &   
au?ority to )hold c]ta9 assi/ance  7a7  
,report ,n lat] ?an ,septemb] #ae ( ea* 
ye>1 ! ,secret>y ( ,/ate1 9 consultation
 ) ! ,secret>y ( ! ,int]ior & !         
,secret>y ( ,comm]ce1 %all submit to    
,congress a report t li/s ea* =eign     
c\ntry det]m9$ to be a major s\rce (    
wildlife traffick+ products or _!       
d]ivatives1 a major transit po9t (      
wildlife traffick+ products or _!       
d]ivatives1 or a major consum] (        
wildlife traffick+ products or _!       
d]ivatives4  7b7 ,special designation ,9
 ea* report requir$ "u subsection 7a71 !
 ,secret>y ( ,/ate1 9 consultation ) !  
,secret>y ( ,int]ior & ! ,secret>y (    
,comm]ce1 %all--  7#a7 designate ea*    
c\ntry li/$ 9 ! report t has fail$      
demon/rably1 dur+ ! previ\s #ab-mon?    

p]iod1 to make sub/antial ef=ts to adh]e
 to its obligations "u int]national     
agreem5ts relat+ to endang]$ or ?reat5$ 
species2 &  7#b7 include a %ort         
ju/ification = ea* det]m9ation made "u  
p>agraph 7#a74  7c7 ,)hold+ ( assi/ance 
,! ,secret>y ( ,/ate may )hold assi/ance
 describ$ 9 subsection 7d7 ) respect to 
ea* =eign c\ntry t is specially         
designat$ "u subsection 7b74  7d7       
,assi/ance describ$ ,! assi/ance        
describ$ 9 ?is subsection are sections  
#eaf1 #ebd1 & #eda ( ! ,=eign ,assi/ance
 ,act ( #aifa 7#bb ,u4,s4,c4 #bcba;j1   
#bcdd1 or #bcdg71 *apt] #f ( "p ,,ii ( !
 ,=eign ,assi/ance ,act ( #aifa 7#bb    
,u4,s4,c4 #bcdh et seq471 & section #bc 
( ! ,arms ,export ,control ,act 7#bb    
,u4,s4,c4 #bgfc74  7e7 ,notification ,! 
,secret>y ( ,/ate %all notify-- 7#a7 !  
gov]nm5t ( ea* =eign c\ntry t is li/$ 9 
! report requir$ "u subsection 7a7 t !  
c\ntry has be5 s li/$2 &  7#b7 !        
gov]nm5t ( ea* =eign c\ntry t is        
specially designat$ "u subsection 7b7 & 

is subject to ! )hold+ ( assi/ance      
describ$ 9 subsection 7c74  7f7 ,report+
 co/ (fset ,section #h ( ,public ,law   
#ajg-bde 7#ej ,u4,s4,c4 #agja note7 is  
repeal$4  7g7 ,sunset ,?is section %all 
t]m9ate on ! date t is #e ye>s aft] !   
date ( ! enactm5t ( ?is ,act4  #f4 ,s5se
 ( ,congress reg>d+ security assi/ance  
to c\nt] wildlife traffick+ & poa*+ 9   
,africa ,x is ! s5se ( ,congress t !    
,unit$ ,/ates %\ld cont9ue to provide   
def5se articles 7n includ+ significant  
milit>y equipm5t71 def5se s]vices1 &    
relat$ tra9+ to appropriate security    
=ces ( c\ntries ( ,africa = ! purposes (
 c\nt]+ wildlife traffick+ & poa*+4  #g4
 ,updates to ! ,fi%]m5's ,protective    
,act ( #aifg ,section #h ( ! ,fi%]m5's  
,protective ,act ( #aifg 7#bb ,u4,s4,c4 
#aigh7 is am5d$-- 7#a7 9 subsection     
7a7--  7,a7 9 p>agraph 7#a71 by ins]t+ 1
 9 consultation ) ! ,secret>y ( ,/ate1  
aft] ,secret>y ( ,comm]ce2  7,b7 9      
p>agraph 7#b71 by ins]t+ 1 9            
consultation ) ! ,secret>y ( ,/ate1 be=e

 f9ds2  7,c7 9 p>agraph 7#c71 by ins]t+ 
9 consultation ) ! ,secret>y ( ,/ate1   
aft] 1 z appropriate12  7,d7 by         
r$esignat+ p>agraph 7#d7 z p>agraph     
7#e71 & by ins]t+ aft] p>agraph 7#c7 !  
foll[+3  7#d7 ,! ,secret>y ( ,comm]ce & 
! ,secret>y ( ! ,int]ior %all ea* report
 to ! ,congress ea* c]tification to !   
,presid5t made by su* ,secret>y "u ?is  
subsection1 )9 #ae days aft] mak+ su*   
c]tification4  2 &  7#b7 9 subsection   
7d71 by ins]t+ 9 consultation ) !       
,secret>y ( ,/ate1 aft] z ! case may    
be14  #h4 ,wildlife traffick+ violations
 z pr$icate (f5ses "u rackete]+ & money 
laund]+ /atutes  7a7 ,travel ,act       
,section #aieb ( title #ah1 ,unit$      
,/ates ,code1 is am5d$-- 7#a7 9         
subsection 7b7--  7,a7 by /rik+ or 7#c7 
& ins]t+ 7#c72 &  7,b7 by /rik+ ( ?is   
title & 7ii7 & ins]t+ ! foll[+3 ( ?is   
title1 or 7#d7 any act t is a crim9al   
violation ( section #i7;a77#a7 ( !      
,endang]$ ,species ,act ( #aigc 7#af    
,u4,s4,c4 #aech7;a77#a771 section #bbjc 

( ! ,african ,elephant ,cons]vation ,act
 7#af ,u4,s4,c4 #dbbc71 or section      
#g7;a7 ( ! ,rh9oc]os & ,tig]            
,cons]vation ,act ( #aiid 7#af ,u4,s4,c4
 #ecje;a7a771 if ! endang]$ or ?reat5$  
species1 products1 items1 or sub/ances  
involv$ 9 ! violation & relevant        
conduct1 z applicable1 h a total value (
 m ?an #aj1jjj & 7ii72 &  7#b7 by add+  
at ! end ! foll[+3  7f7 ,use ( am\nts f 
f9es1 =feitures1 & re/itution relat+ to 
wildlife traffick+ violations ,any      
am\nts receiv$ by ! ,unit$ ,/ates z     
f9es1 =feitures ( prop]ty or assets1 or 
re/itution to ! ,gov]nm5t = any         
violation "u ?is section t involves an  
unlawful activity describ$ 9 subsection 
7b77i77#d7 %all be transf]r$ by !       
,secret>y ( ! ,treasury1 to ! ext5t     
practicable1 to ! ,mult9ational ,species
 ,cons]vation ,fund & us$ z provid$ 9   
advance 9 appropriations ,acts = !      
b5efit ( ! species impact$ by !         
applicable violation4  4  7b7 ,money    
laund]+ ,section #aief ( title #ah1     

,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 is am5d$-- 7#a7 9  
subsection 7c77#g7--  7,a7 9 subp>agraph
 7,e71 by /rik+ or at ! end2  7,b7 9    
subp>agraph 7,f71 by add+ or at ! end2 &
  7,c7 by add+ at ! end ! foll[+3  7,g7 
any act or acts con/itut+ a crim9al     
violation ( section #i7;a77#a7 ( !      
,endang]$ ,species ,act ( #aigc 7#af    
,u4,s4,c4 #aech7;a77#a771 section #bbjc 
( ! ,african ,elephant ,cons]vation ,act
 7#af ,u4,s4,c4 #dbbc71 or section      
#g7;a7 ( ! ,rh9oc]os & ,tig]            
,cons]vation ,act ( #aiid 7#af ,u4,s4,c4
 #ecje;a7a771 if ! endang]$ or ?reat5$  
species1 products1 items1 or sub/ances  
involv$ 9 ! violation & relevant        
conduct1 z applicable1 h a total value (
 m ?an #aj1jjj2  2 &  7#b7 by add+ at ! 
end ! foll[+3  7j7 ,use ( am\nts f civil
 p5alties1 f9es1 =feitures1 & re/itution
 relat+ to wildlife traffick+ violations
 ,any am\nts receiv$ by ! ,unit$ ,/ates 
z f9es1 =feitures ( prop]ty or assets1  
or re/itution to ! ,gov]nm5t = any      
violation "u ?is section t involves an  

unlawful activity describ$ 9 subsection 
7c77#g77;,g7 %all be transf]r$ by !     
,secret>y ( ! ,treasury1 to ! ext5t     
practicable1 to ! ,mult9ational ,species
 ,cons]vation ,fund & us$ z provid$ 9   
advance 9 appropriations ,acts = !      
b5efit ( ! species impact$ by !         
applicable violation4  4  7c7 ,,rico    
,*apt] #if ( title #ah1 ,unit$ ,/ates   
,code1 is am5d$-- 7#a7 9 section        
#aifa7a7--  7,a7 by /rik+ or 7,g7 &     
ins]t+ 7,g72 &  7,b7 by ins]t+ be=e !   
semicolon at ! end ! foll[+3 1 or 7,h7  
any act con/itut+ a crim9al violation ( 
section #i7;a77#a7 ( ! ,endang]$        
,species ,act ( #aigc 7#af ,u4,s4,c4    
#aech7;a77#a771 section #bbjc ( !       
,african ,elephant ,cons]vation ,act    
7#af ,u4,s4,c4 #dbbc71 or section #g7;a7
 ( ! ,rh9oc]os & ,tig] ,cons]vation ,act
 ( #aiid 7#af ,u4,s4,c4 #ecje;a7a771 if 
! endang]$ or ?reat5$ species1 products1
 items1 or sub/ances involv$ 9 !        
violation & relevant conduct1 z         
applicable1 h a total value ( m ?an     

#aj1jjj2 &  7#b7 9 section #aifc1 by    
add+ at ! end ! foll[+3  7n7 ,use (     
am\nts f f9es1 =feitures1 & re/itution  
relat+ to wildlife traffick+ violations 
,any am\nts receiv$ by ! ,unit$ ,/ates z
 f9es1 =feitures ( prop]ty or assets1 or
 re/itution to ! ,gov]nm5t = any        
violation "u section #aifb t is bas$ on 
rackete]+ activity describ$ 9 section   
#aifa7a77;,h7 %all be transf]r$ by !    
,secret>y ( ! ,treasury1 to ! ext5t     
practicable1 to ! ,mult9ational ,species
 ,cons]vation ,fund & us$ z provid$ 9   
advance 9 appropriations ,acts = !      
b5efit ( ! species impact$ by !         
applicable violation4  4  7d7 ,te*nical 
& con=m+ am5dm5ts  7#a7 ,use ( am\nts f 
f9es ,section #adjb7;b77#a77;,a7 ( !    
,victims ( ,crime ,act ( #aihd 7#db     
,u4,s4,c4 #ajfja7;b77#a77;,a77 is       
am5d$-- 7,a7 9 clause 7i71 by /rik+ & at
 ! end2 &  7,b7 by add+ at ! end !      
foll[+3  7iii7 sections #aieb7;f71      
#aief7;j71 & #aifc7n7 ( title #ah1      
,unit$ ,/ates ,code2 &  4  7#b7 ,use (  

am\nts f =feitures ,section             
#ebd7;c77#d77;,a7 ( title #bh1 ,unit$   
,/ates ,code1 is am5d$ by ins]t+ be=e or
 ! ,po/ma/] ,g5]al ! foll[+3 or section 
#aieb7;f71 #aief7;j71 or #aifc7n7 (     
title #ah14  #i4 ,o!r actions relat+ to 
wildlife traffick+ programs ,x is ! s5se
 ( ,congress t ! ,secret>y ( ,/ate %\ld 
d$icate suffici5t program res\rces to-- 
7#a7 conduct monitor+ & evaluation1 ) a 
special emphasis :]e feasible on impact 
evaluations1 ( wildlife traffick+       
programs consi/5t ) ! ,dep>tm5t (       
,/ate's ,janu>y #bjae ,evaluation       
,policy2  7#b7 publi% program in=mation 
on wildlife traffick+ programs on !     
,dep>tm5t ( ,/ate's ,int]net website1   
,foreign,assistance4gov 9 a digital =mat
 consi/5t ) ! ,unit$ ,/ates commitm5t to
 ! ,int]national ,aid ,transp>5cy       
,initiative 7,,iati72 &  7#c7 develop & 
implem5t a le>n+ ag5da to improve !     
p]=mance & impact ( wildlife traffick+  
programs & to %>e be/ practices among   
relevant executive bran* ag5cies4       

,pass$ ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives        
,novemb] #b1 #bjae4;,cl]k4