,,iii  #aac? ,,congress  #a/ ,session   
,s4 ,,con4 ,,res4 #g  ,,9 ,,! ,,s5ate   
,,( ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates  ,m>* #ac1 #bjac
 ,mr4 ,moran 7= himself1 ,mr4 ,alex&]1  
,ms4 ,ayotte1 ,mr4 ,b>rasso1 ,mr4       
,boozman1 ,mr4 ,burr1 ,mr4 ,*ambliss1   
,mr4 ,coburn1 ,mr4 ,cornyn1 ,mr4 ,crapo1
 ,mr4 ,cruz1 ,mr4 ,enzi1 ,mr4 ,flake1   
,mr4 ,grassley1 ,mr4 ,hat*1 ,mr4 ,hell]1
 ,mr4 ,hoev51 ,mr4 ,inh(e1 ,mr4         
,isakson1 ,mr4 ,johanns1 ,mr4 ,paul1    
,mr4 ,portman1 ,mr4 ,ris*1 ,mr4 ,rob]ts1
 ,mr4 ,rubio1 ,mr4 ,?une1 ,mr4 ,toomey1 
,mr4 ,vitt]1 & ,mr4 ,wick]7 submitt$ !  
foll[+ concurr5t resolution2 :i* 0      
ref]r$ to ! ,committee on ,=eign        
,relations  ,,concurr5t ,,resolution    
,express+ ! s5se ( ,congress reg>d+ !   
conditions = ! ,unit$ ,/ates becom+ a   
signatory to ! ,unit$ ,nations ,arms    
,trade ,treaty1 or to any simil>        
agreem5t on ! arms trade4  ,:]eas 9     
,octob] #bjji1 ! ,unit$ ,/ates vot$ 9 ! 
,unit$ ,nations ,g5]al ,assembly to     
p>ticipate 9 ! negotiation ( ! ,unit$   

,nations ,arms ,trade ,treaty2 ,:]eas 9 
,july #bjab1 ! ,unit$ ,nations ,conf]5ce
 on ! ,arms ,trade ,treaty conv5$ to    
negotiate ! text ( ! ,arms ,trade       
,treaty2 ,:]eas 9 ,decemb] #bjab1 !     
,unit$ ,nations ,g5]al ,assembly vot$ to
 hold a f9al negotiat+ conf]5ce on !    
,arms ,trade ,treaty 9 ,m>* #bjac1 on ! 
basis ( ! text ( ,july #bjab2 ,:]eas !  
,arms ,trade ,treaty poses significant  
risks to ! national security1 =eign     
policy1 & economic int]e/s ( ! ,unit$   
,/ates z well z to ! con/itutional      
rights ( ,unit$ ,/ates citiz5s & ,unit$ 
,/ates sov]eignty2 ,:]eas ! ,arms ,trade
 ,treaty fails to expressly recognize ! 
fundam5tal1 individual "r to keep & to  
be> arms & ! individual "r ( p]sonal    
self-def5se1 z well z ! legitimacy (    
hunt+1 sports %oot+1 & o!r lawful       
activities p]ta9+ to ! private own]%ip (
 fire>ms & relat$ mat]ials1 & ?us risks 
infr++ on fre$oms protect$ by ! ,second 
,am5dm5t2 ,:]eas ! ,arms ,trade ,treaty 
places free democracies & totalit>ian   

regimes on a basis ( equality1 recogniz+
 _! equal "r to transf] arms1 & is !reby
 dang]\s to ! security ( ! ,unit$       
,/ates2 ,:]eas ! ,arms ,trade ,treaty's 
crit]ia = assess+ ! pot5tial consequ5ces
 ( arms transf]s are vague1 easily      
politiciz$1 & readily manipulat$2 ,:]eas
 ! ,arms ,trade ,treaty's model = us+ ^!
 crit]ia is incompatible ) !            
decisionmak+ model = arms transf]s      
employ$ by ! ,unit$ ,/ates "u           
,presid5tial ,decision ,directive #cd1  
:i* dates f #aiie2 ,:]eas ! ,arms ,trade
 ,treaty w create opportunities to      
engage 9 lawf>e aga9/ ! ,unit$ ,/ates   
via ! misuse ( ! treaty's crit]ia 9     
=eign tribunals & int]national =a2      
,:]eas ! ,arms ,trade ,treaty c\ld h9d] 
! ,unit$ ,/ates f fulfill+ its /rategic1
 legal1 & moral commitm5ts to provide   
arms to allies su* z ! ,republic ( ,*9a 
7,taiwan7 & ! ,/ate ( ,israel2 ,:]eas ! 
creation ( an int]national secret>iat to
 adm9i/] & assi/ 9 ! implem5tation ( !  
,arms ,trade ,treaty risks ! delegation 

( au?ority to a bureaucracy t is n      
acc\ntable to ! p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2    
,:]eas ! ,arms ,trade ,treaty urges !   
provision ( capacity build+ assi/ance f 
signatory nations to implem5t ! ,arms   
,trade ,treaty1 :i* c\ld create a s\rce 
( p]man5t fund+ to a new int]national   
organization t w\ld be susceptible to   
wa/e1 fraud1 & abuse2 ,:]eas ! ,arms    
,trade ,treaty risks impos+ co/ly       
regulatory burd5s on ,unit$ ,/ates      
bus9esses1 = example1 by creat+ on]\s   
report+ requirem5ts t c\ld damage !     
dome/ic def5se manufactur+ base & relat$
 firms2 ,:]eas an ,arms ,trade ,treaty t
 has n be5 sign$ by ! ,presid5t &       
receiv$ ! advice & cons5t ( ! ,s5ate    
%\ld n b9d ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 any respect
 z cu/om>y int]national law1 jus cog5s1 
or any o!r pr9ciple ( int]national law t
 bypasses ! treaty p[] 9 article ,,ii1  
section #b1 clause #b ( ! ,con/itution2 
,:]eas an ,arms ,trade ,treaty t has    
m]ely be5 sign$ by ! ,presid5t b has n  
receiv$ ! advice & cons5t ( ! ,s5ate    

%\ld n b9d ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 any        
respect1 includ+ any obligation to      
refra9 f defeat+ ! object & purpose ( ! 
,arms ,trade ,treaty1 "u any provision (
 ! ,vi5na ,conv5tion on ! ,law (        
,treaties1 to :i* ! ,unit$ ,/ates is n a
 p>ty2 ,:]eas an ,arms ,trade ,treaty t 
has m]ely be5 sign$ by ! ,presid5t b has
 n receiv$ ! advice & cons5t ( ! ,s5ate 
%\ld n b9d ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 any        
respect1 z an int]national agreem5t o!r 
?an a treaty1 z a sole executive        
agreem5t1 or 9 any o!r way2 & ,:]eas an 
,arms ,trade ,treaty t has be5 sign$ by 
! ,presid5t & has receiv$ ! advice &    
cons5t ( ! ,s5ate1 is a non-self-execut+
 treaty t has no dome/ic legal effect )9
 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 unless & until x has  
be5 adopt$ by ! enactm5t ( implem5t+    
legislation by ! ,congress3 ,n[1 !re=e1 
be x  ,t x is ! s5se ( ,congress t--    
7#a7 ! ,presid5t %\ld n sign ! ,arms    
,trade ,treaty1 & t1 if he transmits !  
treaty ) 8 signature to ! ,s5ate1 !     
,s5ate %\ld n ratify ! ,arms ,trade     

,treaty2 &  7#b7 until ! ,arms ,trade   
,treaty has be5 sign$ by ! ,presid5t1   
receiv$ ! advice & cons5t ( ! ,s5ate1 & 
has be5 ! subject ( implem5t+           
legislation by ,congress1 no ,f$]al     
funds %\ld be appropriat$ or au?oriz$ to
 implem5t ! ,arms ,trade ,treaty1 or any
 simil> agreem5t1 or to conduct         
activities relevant to ! ,arms ,trade   
,treaty1 or any simil> agreem5t4