,,ii #aac? ,,congress #a/ ,session ,s4 #fci ,,9 ,,! ,,s5ate ,,( ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,m>* #ba1 #bjac ,mr4 ,wyd5 7= himself & ,mr4 ,kirk7 introduc$ ! foll[+ bill2 :i* 0 read twice & ref]r$ to ! ,committee on ! ,judici>y ,a ,,bill ,to am5d title #ah1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 to specify ! circum/ances 9 :i* a p]son may acquire geolocation in=mation & = o!r purposes4 #a4 ,%ort titles ,?is ,act may be cit$ z ! ,geolocational ,privacy & ,surveillance ,act or ! ,,gps ,act4 #b4 ,protection ( geolocation in=mation 7a7 ,9 g5]al ,"p #a ( title #ah1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 is am5d$ by ins]t+ aft] *apt] #aai ! foll[+3 #abj ,geolocation in=mation ,sec4 #bfja4 ,def9itions4 #bfjb4 ,int]ception & disclosure ( geolocation in=mation4 #bfjc4 ,prohibition ( use z evid5ce ( acquir$ geolocation in=mation4 #bfjd4 ,em]g5cy situation exception4 #bfje4 ,recov]y ( civil damages au?oriz$4 #bfja4 ,def9itions ,9 ?is *apt]3 7#a7 ,cov]$ s]vice ,! t]m cov]$ s]vice means an electronic communication s]vice1 a geolocation in=mation s]vice1 or a remote comput+ s]vice4 7#b7 ,electronic communication s]vice ,! t]m electronic communication s]vice has ! mean+ giv5 t t]m 9 section #beaj4 7#c7 ,electronic surveillance ,! t]m electronic surveillance has ! mean+ giv5 t t]m 9 section #aja ( ! ,=eign ,intellig5ce ,surveillance ,act ( #aigh 7#ej ,u4,s4,c4 #ahja74 7#d7 ,geolocation in=mation ,! t]m geolocation in=mation means1 ) respect to a p]son1 any in=mation1 t is n ! cont5t ( a communication1 conc]n+ ! location ( a wireless communication device or track+ device 7z t t]m is def9$ section #caag7 t1 9 :ole or 9 "p1 is g5]at$ by or d]iv$ f ! op]ation ( t device & t c\ld be us$ to det]m9e or inf] in=mation reg>d+ ! location ( ! p]son4 7#e7 ,geolocation in=mation s]vice ,! t]m geolocation in=mation s]vice means ! provision ( a global position+ s]vice or o!r mapp+1 locational1 or directional in=mation s]vice to ! public1 or to su* class ( us]s z to be effectively available to ! public1 by or ?r\gh ! op]ation ( any wireless communication device1 includ+ any mobile telephone1 global position+ sy/em receiv+ device1 mobile comput]1 or o!r simil> or successor device4 7#f7 ,int]cept ,! t]m int]cept means ! acquisition ( geolocation in=mation ?r\gh ! use ( any electronic1 me*anical1 or o!r device4 7#g7 ,inve/igative or law en=cem5t (fic] ,! t]m inve/igative or law en=cem5t (fic] means any (fic] ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates or ( a ,/ate or political subdivision !re(1 :o is emp[]$ by law to conduct inve/igations (1 or to make arre/s =1 (f5ses enum]at$ 9 ?is *apt]1 & any attorney au?oriz$ by law to prosecute or p>ticipate 9 ! prosecution ( su* (f5ses4 7#h7 ,p]son ,! t]m p]son means any employee or ag5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 or any ,/ate or political subdivision !re(1 & any individual1 p>tn]%ip1 association1 jo9t /ock company1 tru/1 or corporation4 7#i7 ,remote comput+ s]vice ,! t]m remote comput+ s]vice has ! mean+ giv5 t t]m 9 section #bgaa4 7#aj7 ,/ate ,! t]m ,/ate means any ,/ate ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 ! ,commonweal? ( ,pu]to ,rico1 & any t]ritory or possession ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 7#aa7 ,wireless communication device ,! t]m wireless communication device means any device t enables access to1 or use (1 an electronic communication sy/em or s]vice or a cov]$ s]vice1 if t device utilizes a radio or o!r wireless connection to access su* sy/em or s]vice4 #bfjb4 ,int]ception & disclosure ( geolocation in=mation 7a7 ,9 g5]al 7#a7 ,prohibition on disclosure or use ,except z o!rwise specifically provid$ 9 ?is *apt]1 x %all be unlawful = any p]son to-- 7,a7 int5tionally int]cept1 endeavor to int]cept1 or procure any o!r p]son to int]cept or endeavor to int]cept1 geolocation in=mation p]ta9+ to ano!r p]son2 7,b7 int5tionally disclose1 or endeavor to disclose1 to any o!r p]son geolocation in=mation p]ta9+ to ano!r p]son1 kn[+ or hav+ reason to "k t ! in=mation 0 obta9$ ?r\gh ! int]ception ( su* in=mation 9 violation ( ?is p>agraph2 7,c7 int5tionally use1 or endeavor to use1 any geolocation in=mation1 kn[+ or hav+ reason to "k t ! in=mation 0 obta9$ ?r\gh ! int]ception ( su* in=mation 9 violation ( ?is p>agraph2 or 7,d7 7i7 int5tionally disclose1 or endeavor to disclose1 to any o!r p]son ! geolocation in=mation p]ta9+ to ano!r p]son int]cept$ by means au?oriz$ by subsections 7b7 ?r\gh 7h71 except z provid$ 9 su* subsections2 7ii7 kn[+ or hav+ reason to "k t ! in=mation 0 obta9$ ?r\gh ! int]ception ( su* in=mation 9 connection ) a crim9al inve/igation2 7iii7 hav+ obta9$ or receiv$ ! in=mation 9 connection ) a crim9al inve/igation2 & 7iv7 ) int5t to improp]ly ob/ruct1 imp$e1 or int]f]e ) a duly au?oriz$ crim9al inve/igation4 7#b7 ,p5alty ,any p]son :o violates p>agraph 7#a7 %all be f9$ "u ?is title1 imprison$ n m ?an five ye>s1 or bo?4 7b7 ,exception = in=mation acquir$ 9 ! normal c\rse ( bus9ess ,x %all n be unlawful "u ?is *apt] = an (fic]1 employee1 or ag5t ( a provid] ( a cov]$ s]vice1 ^: facilities are us$ 9 ! transmission ( geolocation in=mation1 to int]cept1 disclose1 or use t in=mation 9 ! normal c\rse ( ! (fic]1 employee1 or ag5t's employm5t :ile engag$ 9 any activity :i* is a necess>y incid5t to ! r5dition ( s]vice or to ! protection ( ! rights or prop]ty ( ! provid] ( t s]vice1 except t a provid] ( a geolocation in=mation s]vice to ! public %all n utilize s]vice obs]v+ or r&om monitor+ except = me*anical or s]vice quality control *ecks4 7c7 ,exception = conduct+ =eign intellig5ce surveillance ,not)/&+ any o!r provision ( ?is *apt]1 x %all n be unlawful = an (fic]1 employee1 or ag5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 ! normal c\rse ( ! (ficial duty ( ! (fic]1 employee1 or ag5t to conduct electronic surveillance1 z au?oriz$ by ! ,=eign ,intellig5ce ,surveillance ,act ( #aigh 7#ej ,u4,s4,c4 #ahja et seq474 7d7 ,exception = cons5t 7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,x %all n be unlawful "u ?is *apt] = a p]son to int]cept geolocation in=mation p]ta9+ to ano!r p]son if su* o!r p]son has giv5 prior cons5t to su* int]ception unless su* in=mation is int]cept$ = ! purpose ( committ+ any crim9al or torti\s act 9 violation ( ! ,con/itution or laws ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates or ( any ,/ate4 7#b7 ,*ildr5 ,! exception 9 p>agraph 7#a7 p]mits a p>5t or legal gu>dian ( a *ild to int]cept geolocation in=mation p]ta9+ to t *ild or to give cons5t = ano!r p]son to int]cept su* in=mation4 7e7 ,exception = public in=mation ,x %all n be unlawful "u ?is *apt] = any p]son to int]cept or access geolocation in=mation relat+ to ano!r p]son ?r\gh any sy/em t is configur$ s t su* in=mation is readily accessible to ! g5]al public4 7f7 ,exception = em]g5cy in=mation ,x %all n be unlawful "u ?is *apt] = any inve/igative or law en=cem5t (fic] or o!r em]g5cy respond] to int]cept or access geolocation in=mation relat+ to a p]son if su* in=mation is us$-- 7#a7 to respond to a reque/ made by su* p]son = assi/ance2 or 7#b7 9 circum/ances 9 :i* x is reasonable to believe t ! life or safety ( ! p]son is ?reat5$1 to assi/ ! p]son4 7g7 ,exception = !ft or fraud ,x %all n be unlawful "u ?is *apt] = a p]son act+ "u color ( law to int]cept geolocation in=mation p]ta9+ to ! location ( ano!r p]son :o has unlawfully tak5 ! device s5d+ ! geolocation in=mation if-- 7#a7 ! own] or op]ator ( su* device au?orizes ! int]ception ( ! p]son's geolocation in=mation2 7#b7 ! p]son act+ "u color ( law is lawfully engag$ 9 an inve/igation2 & 7#c7 ! p]son act+ "u color ( law has reasonable gr\nds to believe t ! geolocation in=mation ( ! o!r p]son w be relevant to ! inve/igation4 7h7 ,exception = w>rant 7#a7 ,def9itions ,9 ?is subsection3 7,a7 ,c\rt ( compet5t jurisdiction ,! t]m c\rt ( compet5t jurisdiction includes-- 7i7 any di/rict c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 7includ+ a magi/rate judge ( su* a c\rt7 or any ,unit$ ,/ates c\rt ( appeals t-- 7,i7 has jurisdiction ov] ! (f5se be+ inve/igat$2 7,,ii7 is 9 or = a di/rict 9 :i* ! provid] ( a geolocation in=mation s]vice is locat$ or 9 :i* ! geolocation in=mation is /or$2 or 7,,iii7 is act+ on a reque/ = =eign assi/ance pursuant to section #ceab2 or 7ii7 a c\rt ( g5]al crim9al jurisdiction ( a ,/ate au?oriz$ by ! law ( t ,/ate to issue se>* w>rants4 7,b7 ,gov]nm5tal entity ,! t]m gov]nm5tal entity means a dep>tm5t or ag5cy ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates or any ,/ate or political subdivision !re(4 7#b7 ,w>rant ,a gov]nm5tal entity may int]cept geolocation in=mation or require ! disclosure by a provid] ( a cov]$ s]vice ( geolocation in=mation only pursuant to a w>rant issu$ us+ ! proc$ures describ$ 9 ! ,f$]al ,rules ( ,crim9al ,proc$ure 7or1 9 ! case ( a ,/ate c\rt1 issu$ us+ ,/ate w>rant proc$ures7 by a c\rt ( compet5t jurisdiction1 or z o!rwise provid$ 9 ?is *apt] or ! ,=eign ,intellig5ce ,surveillance ,act ( #aigh 7#ej ,u4,s4,c4 #ahja et seq474 7i7 ,prohibition on divulg+ geolocation in=mation 7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,except z provid$ 9 p>agraph 7#b71 a p]son provid+ a cov]$ s]vice %all n int5tionally divulge geolocation in=mation p]ta9+ to ano!r p]son4 7#b7 ,exceptions ,a p]son provid+ a cov]$ s]vice may divulge geolocation in=mation-- 7,a7 z o!rwise au?oriz$ 9 subsections 7b7 ?r\gh 7h72 7,b7 ) ! lawful cons5t ( su* o!r p]son2 7,c7 to ano!r p]son employ$ or au?oriz$1 or ^: facilities are us$1 to =w>d su* geolocation in=mation to its de/9ation2 or 7,d7 :i* 0 inadv]t5tly obta9$ by ! provid] ( ! cov]$ s]vice & :i* appe>s to p]ta9 to ! commission ( a crime1 if su* divulg5ce is made to a law en=cem5t ag5cy4 #bfjc4 ,prohibition ( use z evid5ce ( acquir$ geolocation in=mation ,:5ev] any geolocation in=mation has be5 acquir$1 no "p ( su* in=mation & no evid5ce d]iv$ !refrom may be receiv$ 9 evid5ce 9 any trial1 he>+1 or o!r proce$+ 9 or be=e any c\rt1 gr& jury1 dep>tm5t1 (fic]1 ag5cy1 regulatory body1 legislative committee1 or o!r au?ority ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 a ,/ate1 or a political subdivision !re( if ! disclosure ( t in=mation w\ld be 9 violation ( ?is *apt]4 #bfjd4 ,em]g5cy situation exception 7a7 ,em]g5cy situation exception ,not)/&+ any o!r provision ( ?is *apt]1 any inve/igative or law en=cem5t (fic]1 specially designat$ by ! ,attorney ,g5]al1 ! ,deputy ,attorney ,g5]al1 ! ,associate ,attorney ,g5]al1 or by ! pr9cipal prosecut+ attorney ( any ,/ate or subdivision !re( act+ pursuant to a /atute ( t ,/ate1 may int]cept geolocation in=mation if-- 7#a7 su* (fic] reasonably det]m9es t an em]g5cy situation exi/s t-- 7,a7 involves-- 7i7 imm$iate dang] ( dea? or s]i\s physical injury to any p]son2 7ii7 conspiratorial activities ?reat5+ ! national security int]e/2 or 7iii7 conspiratorial activities *>act]i/ic ( organiz$ crime2 & 7,b7 requires geolocation in=mation be int]cept$ be=e an ord] au?oriz+ su* int]ception c1 ) due dilig5ce1 be obta9$2 7#b7 !re are gr\nds ^u :i* an ord] c\ld be ent]$ to au?orize su* int]ception2 & 7#c7 an application = an ord] approv+ su* int]ception is made )9 #dh h\rs aft] ! int]ception has occurr$ or beg9s to occur4 7b7 ,failure ,to obta9 c\rt ord] 7#a7 ,t]m9ation ( acquisition ,9 ! abs5ce ( an ord]1 an int]ception ( geolocation in=mation c>ri$ out "u subsection 7a7 %all imm$iately t]m9ate :5 ! in=mation s\ght is obta9$ or :5 ! application = ! ord] is d5i$1 :i*ev] is e>li]4 7#b7 ,prohibition on use z evid5ce ,9 ! ev5t su* application = approval is d5i$1 ! geolocation in=mation %all be treat$ z hav+ be5 obta9$ 9 violation ( ?is *apt] & an inv5tory %all be s]v$ on ! p]son nam$ 9 ! application4 #bfje4 ,recov]y ( civil damages au?oriz$ 7a7 ,9 g5]al ,any p]son ^: geolocation in=mation is int]cept$1 disclos$1 or int5tionally us$ 9 violation ( ?is *apt] may 9 a civil action recov] f ! p]son1 o!r ?an ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 :i* engag$ 9 t violation su* relief z may be appropriate4 7b7 ,relief ,9 an action "u ?is section1 appropriate relief includes-- 7#a7 su* prelim9>y & o!r equitable or decl>atory relief z may be appropriate2 7#b7 damages "u subsection 7c7 & punitive damages 9 appropriate cases2 & 7#c7 a reasonable attorney's fee & o!r litigation co/s reasonably incurr$4 7c7 ,computation ( damages ,! c\rt may assess z damages "u ?is section :i*ev] is ! great] (-- 7#a7 ! sum ( ! actual damages suff]$ by ! pla9tiff & any pr(its made by ! violator z a result ( ! violation2 or 7#b7 /atutory damages ( :i*ev] is ! great] ( #ajj a day = ea* day ( violation or #aj1jjj4 7d7 ,def5se ,x is a complete def5se aga9/ any civil or crim9al action br\ght aga9/ an individual = conduct 9 violation ( ?is *apt] if su* individual act$ 9 a good fai? reliance on-- 7#a7 a c\rt w>rant or ord]1 a gr& jury subpo5a1 a legislative au?orization1 or a /atutory au?orization2 7#b7 a reque/ ( an inve/igative or law en=cem5t (fic] "u section #bfjd2 or 7#c7 a good-fai? det]m9ation t an exception "u section #bfjb p]mitt$ ! conduct compla9$ (4 7e7 ,limitation ,a civil action "u ?is section may n be comm5c$ lat] ?an two ye>s aft] ! date ^u :i* ! claimant fir/ has a reasonable opportunity to discov] ! violation4 7f7 ,adm9i/rative discipl9e ,if a c\rt or appropriate dep>tm5t or ag5cy det]m9es t ! ,unit$ ,/ates or any ( its dep>tm5ts or ag5cies has violat$ any provision ( ?is *apt]1 & ! c\rt or appropriate dep>tm5t or ag5cy f9ds t ! circum/ances surr\nd+ ! violation raise s]i\s que/ions ab\t :e!r or n an (fic] or employee ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates act$ willfully or int5tionally ) respect to ! violation1 ! dep>tm5t or ag5cy %all1 ^u receipt ( a true & correct copy ( ! decision & f9d+s ( ! c\rt or appropriate dep>tm5t or ag5cy promptly initiate a proce$+ to det]m9e :e!r discipl9>y action aga9/ ! (fic] or employee is w>rant$4 ,if ! head ( ! dep>tm5t or ag5cy involv$ det]m9es t discipl9>y action is n w>rant$1 su* head %all notify ! ,inspector ,g5]al ) jurisdiction ov] ! dep>tm5t or ag5cy conc]n$ & %all provide ! ,inspector ,g5]al ) ! reasons = su* det]m9ation4 7g7 ,improp] disclosure is violation ,any willful disclosure or use by an inve/igative or law en=cem5t (fic] or gov]nm5tal entity ( in=mation beyond ! ext5t p]mitt$ by ?is *apt] is a violation ( ?is *apt] = purposes ( ?is section4 7h7 ,con/ruction ,no?+ 9 ?is section may be con/ru$ to e/abli% a new cause ( action aga9/ any electronic communication s]vice provid]1 remote comput+ s]vice provid]1 geolocation s]vice provid]1 or law en=cem5t or inve/igative (fic]1 or elim9ate or affect any cause ( action t exi/s "u section #bebj1 section #bgjg1 or any o!r provision ( law4 4 7b7 ,cl]ical am5dm5t ,! table ( *apt]s = "p #a ( title #ah1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 is am5d$ by ins]t+ aft] ! item relat+ to *apt] #aai ! foll[+3 #abj4 ,geolocation in=mation#bfja 4 7c7 ,con=m+ am5dm5ts ,section #ceab7;a7 ( title #ah1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 is am5d$-- 7#a7 9 p>agraph 7#b7-- 7,a7 by r$esignat+ subp>agraphs 7,b71 7,c71 & 7,d7 z subp>agraphs 7,c71 7,d71 & 7,e71 respectively2 & 7,b7 by ins]t+ aft] subp>agraph 7,a7 ! foll[+3 7,b7 a w>rant or ord] = geolocation in=mation or records relat$ !reto1 z provid$ "u section #bfjb ( ?is title2 4 #c4 ,requirem5t = se>* w>rants to acquire geolocation in=mation ,rule #da7;a7 ( ! ,f$]al ,rules ( ,crim9al ,proc$ure is am5d$-- 7#a7 9 p>agraph 7#b77;,a71 by /rik+ ! p]iod at ! end & ins]t+ a comma & includ+ geolocation in=mation42 & 7#b7 by add+ at ! end ! foll[+3 7,f7 ,geolocation in=mation has ! mean+ giv5 t t]m 9 section #bfja ( title #ah1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code4 4 #d4 ,fraud & relat$ activity 9 connection ) obta9+ geolocation in=mation 7a7 ,crim9al violation ,section #ajci7;h7 ( title #ah1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 is am5d$-- 7#a7 9 p>agraph 7#b7-- 7,a7 9 subp>agraph 7,a71 by /rik+ & at ! end2 7,b7 9 subp>agraph 7,b71 by /rik+ ! p]iod at ! end & ins]t+ a semicolon & &2 & 7,c7 by add+ at ! end ! foll[+ new subp>agraph3 7,c7 includes any geolocation in=mation s]vice4 2 7#b7 by r$esignat+ p>agraph 7#d7 z p>agraph 7#e72 & 7#c7 by ins]t+ aft] p>agraph 7#c7 ! foll[+3 7#d7 ,geolocation in=mation s]vice ,! t]m geolocation in=mation s]vice has ! mean+ giv5 t t]m 9 section #bfja4 4 7b7 ,con=m+ am5dm5ts 7#a7 ,def9ition am5dm5ts ,section #ajci7;h77#a7 ( title #ah1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 is am5d$-- 7,a7 9 ! p>agraph head+1 by ins]t+ or ,,gps aft] phone2 & 7,b7 9 ! matt] prec$+ subp>agraph 7,a71 by ins]t+ or ,,gps aft] phone4 7#b7 ,con=m+ am5dm5ts ,section #ajci ( title #ah1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 is am5d$-- 7,a7 9 ! section head+ by ins]t+ or ,,gps aft] phone2 7,b7 9 subsection 7a7-- 7i7 9 ! matt] prec$+ p>agraph 7#a71 by ins]t+ or ,,gps aft] phone2 & 7ii7 9 p>agraph 7#d71 by ins]t+ or ,,gps aft] phone2 7,c7 9 subsection 7b7-- 7i7 9 ! subsection head+1 by ins]t+ or ,,gps aft] phone2 7ii7 9 p>agraph 7#a71 by ins]t+ or ,,gps aft] phone bo? places t t]m appe>s2 & 7iii7 9 p>agraph 7#b71 by ins]t+ or ,,gps aft] phone2 & 7,d7 9 subsection 7c7-- 7i7 9 ! subsection head+1 by ins]t+ or ,,gps aft] phone2 7ii7 9 p>agraph 7#a71 by ins]t+ or ,,gps aft] phone bo? places t t]m appe>s2 & 7iii7 9 p>agraph 7#b71 by ins]t+ or ,,gps aft] phone4 7#c7 ,*apt] analysis ,! table ( sections = *apt] #dg ( title #ah1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 is am5d$ by /rik+ ! item relat+ to section #ajci & ins]t+ ! foll[+3 #ajci4 ,fraud & relat$ activity 9 connection ) obta9+ confid5tial phone or ,,gps records in=mation ( a cov]$ entity4 4 7c7 ,s5t5c+ guidel9es 7#a7 ,review & ,am5dm5t ,n lat] ?an #ahj days aft] ! date ( enactm5t ( ?is ,act1 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,s5t5c+ ,commission1 pursuant to its au?ority "u section #iid ( title #bh1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 & 9 accordance ) ?is section1 %all review &1 if appropriate1 am5d ! ,f$]al s5t5c+ guidel9es & policy /atem5ts applicable to p]sons convict$ ( any (f5se "u section #ajci ( title #ah1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 z am5d$ by ?is section4 7#b7 ,au?orization ,! ,unit$ ,/ates ,s5t5c+ ,commission may am5d ! ,f$]al s5t5c+ guidel9es 9 accordance ) ! proc$ures set =? 9 section #ba7;a7 ( ! ,s5t5c+ ,act ( #aihg 7#bh ,u4,s4,c4 #iid note7 z ?\gh ! au?ority "u t section _h n expir$4 #e4 ,/atem5t ( exclusive means ( acquir+ geolocation in=mation 7a7 ,9 g5]al ,no p]son may acquire ! geolocation in=mation ( a p]son = protective activities or law en=cem5t or intellig5ce purposes except pursuant to a w>rant issu$ pursuant to rule #da ( ! ,f$]al ,rules ( ,crim9al ,proc$ure1 z am5d$ by section #c1 or ! am5dm5ts made by ?is ,act1 or ! ,=eign ,intellig5ce ,surveillance ,act ( #aigh 7#ej ,u4,s4,c4 #ahja74 7b7 ,geolocation in=mation def9$ ,9 ?is section1 ! t]m geolocation in=mation has ! mean+ giv5 t t]m 9 section #bfja ( title #ah1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 z am5d$ by section #b4