,,ii #aacth ,,congress #b;d ,session ,s4 #beib ,,in ,,the ,,senate ,,of ,,the ,,united ,,states ,july #aj1 #bjad ,mr4 ,hoeven 7for himself1 ,mr4 ,mc,cain1 ,ms4 ,murkowski1 and ,mr4 ,barrasso7 introduced the following bill2 which was read twice and referred to the ,committee on ,energy and ,natural ,resources ,a ,,bill ,to promote energy production and security1 and for other purposes4 #a4 ,short title2 table of contents 7a7 ,short title ,this ,act may be cited as the ,north ,atlantic ,energy ,security ,act4 7b7 ,table of contents ,the table of contents for this ,act is as follows3 ,sec4 #a4 ,short title2 table of contents4 ,,title ,i--,natural gas gathering enhancement ,sec4 #aja4 ,short title4 ,sec4 #ajb4 ,findings4 ,sec4 #ajc4 ,authority to approve natural gas pipelines4 ,sec4 #ajd4 ,certain natural gas gathering lines located on ,federal land and ,indian land4 ,sec4 #aje4 ,deadlines for permitting natural gas gathering lines under the ,mineral ,leasing ,act4 ,sec4 #ajf4 ,deadlines for permitting natural gas gathering lines under the ,federal ,land ,policy and ,management ,act of #aigf4 ,sec4 #ajg4 ,,lng regulatory certainty4 ,sec4 #ajh4 ,expedited approval of exportation of natural gas to ,ukraine and ,north ,atlantic ,treaty ,organization member countries and ,japan4 ,,title ,,ii--,onshore oil and gas permit streamlining ,subtitle ,a--,streamlining permitting ,sec4 #bja4 ,short title4 ,sec4 #bjb4 ,permit to drill application timeline4 ,sec4 #bjc4 ,making pilot offices permanent to improve energy permitting on ,federal land4 ,sec4 #bjd4 ,administration4 ,sec4 #bje4 ,judicial review4 ,subtitle ,b--,,blm live internet auctions ,sec4 #baa4 ,short title4 ,sec4 #bab4 ,internet-based onshore oil and gas lease sales4 ,i ,natural gas gathering enhancement #aja4 ,short title ,this title may be cited as the ,natural ,gas ,gathering ,enhancement ,act4 #ajb4 ,findings ,congress finds that-- 7#a7 record volumes of natural gas production in the ,united ,states as of the date of enactment of this ,act are providing enormous benefits to the ,united ,states1 including by-- 7,a7 reducing the need for imports of natural gas1 thereby directly reducing the trade deficit2 7,b7 strengthening trade ties among the ,united ,states1 ,canada1 and ,mexico2 7,c7 providing the opportunity for the ,united ,states to join the emerging global gas trade through the export of liquefied natural gas2 7,d7 creating and supporting millions of new jobs across the ,united ,states2 7,e7 adding billions of dollars to the gross domestic product of the ,united ,states every year2 7,f7 generating additional ,federal1 ,state1 and local government tax revenues2 and 7,g7 revitalizing the manufacturing sector by providing abundant and affordable feedstock2 7#b7 large quantities of natural gas are lost due to venting and flaring1 primarily in areas where natural gas infrastructure has not been developed quickly enough1 such as ,states with large quantities of ,federal land and ,indian land2 7#c7 permitting processes can hinder the development of natural gas infrastructure1 such as pipeline lines and gathering lines on ,federal land and ,indian land2 and 7#d7 additional authority for the ,secretary of the ,interior to approve natural gas pipelines and gathering lines on ,federal land and ,indian land would-- 7,a7 assist in bringing gas to market that would otherwise be vented or flared2 and 7,b7 significantly increase royalties collected by the ,secretary of the ,interior and disbursed to ,federal1 ,state1 and tribal governments and individual ,indians4 #ajc4 ,authority to approve natural gas pipelines ,section #a of the ,act of ,february #ae1 #aija 7#ca ,stat4 #gij1 chapter #cgb2 #af ,u4,s4,c4 #gi71 is amended by inserting 1 for natural gas pipelines after distribution of electrical power4 #ajd4 ,certain natural gas gathering lines located on ,federal land and ,indian land 7a7 ,in general ,subtitle ,b of title ,,iii of the ,energy ,policy ,act of #bjje 7,public ,law #aji-eh2 #aai ,stat4 #fhe7 is amended by adding at the end the following3 #cai4 ,certain natural gas gathering lines located on ,federal land and ,indian land 7a7 ,definitions ,in this section3 7#a7 ,gas gathering line and associated field compression unit 7,a7 ,in general ,the term gas gathering line and associated field compression unit means-- 7i7 a pipeline that is installed to transport natural gas production associated with #a or more wells drilled and completed to produce crude oil2 and 7ii7 if necessary1 a compressor to raise the pressure of that transported natural gas to higher pressures suitable to enable the gas to flow into pipelines and other facilities4 7,b7 ,exclusions ,the term gas gathering line and associated field compression unit does not include a pipeline or compression unit that is installed to transport natural gas from a processing plant to a common carrier pipeline or facility4 7#b7 ,federal land 7,a7 ,in general ,the term ,federal land means land the title to which is held by the ,united ,states4 7,b7 ,exclusions ,the term ,federal land does not include-- 7i7 a unit of the ,national ,park ,system2 7ii7 a unit of the ,national ,wildlife ,refuge ,system2 or 7iii7 a component of the ,national ,wilderness ,preservation ,system4 7#c7 ,indian land ,the term ,indian land means land the title to which is held by-- 7,a7 the ,united ,states in trust for an ,indian tribe or an individual ,indian2 or 7,b7 an ,indian tribe or an individual ,indian subject to a restriction by the ,united ,states against alienation4 7b7 ,certain natural gas gathering lines 7#a7 ,in general ,subject to paragraph 7#b71 the issuance of a sundry notice or right-of-way for a gas gathering line and associated field compression unit that is located on ,federal land or ,indian land and that services any oil well shall be considered to be an action that is categorically excluded 7as defined in section #aejh4d of title #dj1 ,code of ,federal ,regulations 7as in effect on the date of enactment of this ,act77 for purposes of the ,national ,environmental ,policy ,act of #aifi 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #dcba et seq47 if the gas gathering line and associated field compression unit are-- 7,a7 within a field or unit for which an approved land use plan or an environmental document prepared pursuant to the ,national ,environmental ,policy ,act of #aifi 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #dcba et seq47 analyzed transportation of natural gas produced from #a or more oil wells in that field or unit as a reasonably foreseeable activity2 and 7,b7 located adjacent to an existing disturbed area for the construction of a road or pad4 7#b7 ,applicability 7,a7 ,federal land ,paragraph 7#a7 shall not apply to ,federal land1 or a portion of ,federal land1 for which the ,governor of the ,state in which the ,federal land is located submits to the ,secretary of the ,interior or the ,secretary of ,agriculture1 as applicable1 a written request that paragraph 7#a7 not apply to that ,federal land 7or portion of ,federal land74 7,b7 ,indian land ,paragraph 7#a7 shall apply to ,indian land1 or a portion of ,indian land1 for which the ,indian tribe with jurisdiction over the ,indian land submits to the ,secretary of the ,interior a written request that paragraph 7#a7 apply to that ,indian land 7or portion of ,indian land74 7c7 ,effect on other law ,nothing in this section affects or alters any requirement-- 7#a7 relating to prior consent under-- 7,a7 section #b of the ,act of ,february #e1 #aidh 7#be ,u4,s4,c4 #cbd72 or 7,b7 section #af7;e7 of the ,act of ,june #ah1 #aicd 7#be ,u4,s4,c4 #dgf7;e77 7commonly known as the ,indian ,reorganization ,act72 or 7#b7 under any other ,federal law 7including regulations7 relating to tribal consent for rights-of-way across ,indian land4 4 7b7 ,assessments ,title ,,xviii of the ,energy ,policy ,act of #bjje 7,public ,law #aji-eh2 #aai ,stat4 #aabb7 is amended by adding at the end the following3 #ahda4 ,natural gas gathering system assessments 7a7 ,definition of gas gathering line and associated field compression unit ,in this section1 the term gas gathering line and associated field compression unit has the meaning given the term in section #cai4 7b7 ,study ,not later than #a year after the date of enactment of the ,north ,atlantic ,energy ,security ,act of #bjad1 the ,secretary of the ,interior1 in consultation with other appropriate ,federal agencies1 ,states1 and ,indian tribes1 shall conduct a study to identify-- 7#a7 any actions that may be taken1 under ,federal law 7including regulations71 to expedite permitting for gas gathering lines and associated field compression units that are located on ,federal land or ,indian land1 for the purpose of transporting natural gas associated with crude oil production on any land to a processing plant or a common carrier pipeline for delivery to markets2 and 7#b7 any proposed changes to ,federal law 7including regulations7 to expedite permitting for gas gathering lines and associated field compression units that are located on ,federal land or ,indian land1 for the purpose of transporting natural gas associated with crude oil production on any land to a processing plant or a common carrier pipeline for delivery to markets4 7c7 ,report ,not later than #ahj days after the date of enactment of the ,north ,atlantic ,energy ,security ,act of #bjad1 and every #ahj days thereafter1 the ,secretary of the ,interior1 in consultation with other appropriate ,federal agencies1 ,states1 and ,indian tribes1 shall submit to ,congress a report that describes-- 7#a7 the progress made in expediting permits for gas gathering lines and associated field compression units that are located on ,federal land or ,indian land1 for the purpose of transporting natural gas associated with crude oil production on any land to a processing plant or a common carrier pipeline for delivery to markets2 and 7#b7 any issues impeding that progress4 4 7c7 ,technical amendments 7#a7 ,section #a7;b7 of the ,energy ,policy ,act of #bjje 7,public ,law #aji-eh2 #aai ,stat4 #eid7 is amended by adding at the end of subtitle ,b of title ,,iii the following3 ,sec4 #cai4 ,certain natural gas gathering lines located on ,federal land and ,indian land4 4 7#b7 ,section #a7;b7 of the ,energy ,policy ,act of #bjje 7,public ,law #aji-eh2 #aai ,stat4 #eid7 is amended by adding at the end of title ,,xxviii the following3 ,sec4 #ahda4 ,natural gas gathering system assessments4 4 #aje4 ,deadlines for permitting natural gas gathering lines under the ,mineral ,leasing ,act ,section #bh of the ,mineral ,leasing ,act 7#cj ,u4,s4,c4 #ahe7 is amended by adding at the end the following3 7z7 ,natural gas gathering lines ,the ,secretary of the ,interior or other appropriate agency head shall issue a sundry notice or right-of-way for a gas gathering line and associated field compression unit 7as defined in section #cai7;a7 of the ,energy ,policy ,act of #bjje7 that is located on ,federal lands-- 7#a7 for a gas gathering line and associated field compression unit described in section #cai7;b7 of the ,energy ,policy ,act of #bjje1 not later than #cj days after the date on which the applicable agency head receives the request for issuance2 and 7#b7 for all other gas gathering lines and associated field compression units1 not later than #fj days after the date on which the applicable agency head receives the request for issuance4 4 #ajf4 ,deadlines for permitting natural gas gathering lines under the ,federal ,land ,policy and ,management ,act of #aigf ,section #ejd of the ,federal ,land ,policy and ,management ,act of #aigf 7#dc ,u4,s4,c4 #agfd7 is amended by adding at the end the following3 7k7 ,natural gas gathering lines ,the ,secretary concerned shall issue a sundry notice or right-of-way for a gas gathering line and associated field compression unit 7as defined in section #cai7;a7 of the ,energy ,policy ,act of #bjje7 that is located on public lands-- 7#a7 for a gas gathering line and associated field compression unit described in section #cai7;b7 of the ,energy ,policy ,act of #bjje1 not later than #cj days after the date on which the applicable agency head receives the request for issuance2 and 7#b7 for all other gas gathering lines and associated field compression units1 not later than #fj days after the date on which the applicable agency head receives the request for issuance4 4 #ajg4 ,,lng regulatory certainty ,section #c of the ,natural ,gas ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #gag;b7 is amended by adding at the end the following3 7g7 ,deadline for certain applications for exportation of natural gas 7#a7 ,in general ,the ,commission shall make a public interest determination and issue an order under subsection 7a7 for an application for the exportation of natural gas to a foreign country through a particular ,,lng terminal not later than #de days after receipt of an application under subsection 7e7 for-- 7,a7 the conversion of that ,,lng terminal into an ,,lng import or export facility2 or 7,b7 the construction of that ,,lng terminal4 7#b7 ,application ,this subsection shall not apply with respect to an application under subsection 7a7 for the exportation of natural gas-- 7,a7 to a foreign country-- 7i7 to which the exportation of natural gas is otherwise prohibited by law2 or 7ii7 described in subsection 7c72 or 7,b7 if the ,commission has made a contingent determination with respect to the application4 7#c7 ,effect ,except as specifically provided in this subsection1 nothing in this subsection affects the authority of the ,commission to review1 process1 and make a determination with respect to an application for the exportation of natural gas4 4 #ajh4 ,expedited approval of exportation of natural gas to ,ukraine and ,north ,atlantic ,treaty ,organization member countries and ,japan 7a7 ,in general ,in accordance with clause #c of section #h of article ,i of the ,constitution of the ,united ,states 7delegating to ,congress the power to regulate commerce with foreign nations71 ,congress finds that exports of natural gas produced in the ,united ,states to ,ukraine1 member countries of the ,north ,atlantic ,treaty ,organization1 and ,japan is-- 7#a7 necessary for the protection of the essential security interests of the ,united ,states2 and 7#b7 in the public interest pursuant to section #c of the ,natural ,gas ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #gag;b74 7b7 ,expedited approval ,section #c7;c7 of the ,natural ,gas ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #gag;b7c77 is amended by inserting 1 to ,ukraine1 to a member country of the ,north ,atlantic ,treaty ,organization1 or to ,japan after trade in natural gas4 7c7 ,effective date ,the amendment made by subsection 7b7 shall apply to applications for the authorization to export natural gas under section #c of the ,natural ,gas ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #gag;b7 that are pending on1 or filed on or after1 the date of the enactment of this ,act4 ,,ii ,onshore oil and gas permit streamlining ,a ,streamlining permitting #bja4 ,short title ,this subtitle may be cited as the ,streamlining ,permitting of ,american ,energy ,act of #bjad4 #bjb4 ,permit to drill application timeline ,section #ag7p7 of the ,mineral ,leasing ,act 7#cj ,u4,s4,c4 #bbf7p77 is amended by striking paragraph 7#b7 and inserting the following3 7#b7 ,applications for permits to drill reform and process 7,a7 ,timeline 7i7 ,in general ,not later than #cj days after the date on which the ,secretary receives an application for a permit to drill1 the ,secretary shall decide whether to issue or deny the permit4 7ii7 ,extension ,on giving written notice of a delay to the applicant1 the ,secretary may extend the period described in clause 7i7 for not more than #b additional periods of #ae days each4 7iii7 ,form of notice ,the notice referred to in clause 7ii7 shall-- 7,i7 be in the form of a letter from the ,secretary or a designee of the ,secretary2 and 7,,ii7 shall include the names and titles of the persons processing the application1 the specific reasons for the delay1 and a specific date a final decision on the application is expected4 7,b7 ,application considered approved ,if the ,secretary has not made a decision on the application by the end of the #fj-;day period beginning on the date the application is received by the ,secretary1 the application shall be considered to be approved1 except in a case in which an existing review under the ,national ,environmental ,policy ,act of #aifi 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #dcba et seq47 or the ,endangered ,species ,act of #aigc 7#af ,u4,s4,c4 #aeca et seq47 is incomplete4 7,c7 ,denial of permit ,if the ,secretary decides not to issue a permit to drill in accordance with subparagraph 7,a71 the ,secretary shall-- 7i7 provide to the applicant a description of the reasons for the denial of the permit2 7ii7 allow the applicant to resubmit an application for a permit to drill during the #aj-;day period beginning on the date the applicant receives the description of the denial from the ,secretary2 and 7iii7 issue or deny any resubmitted application not later than #aj days after the date on which the application is submitted to the ,secretary4 7,d7 ,fee 7i7 ,in general ,notwithstanding any other provision of law1 the ,secretary shall collect a single #f1ejj permit processing fee per application from each applicant at the time the final decision is made whether to issue a permit under subparagraph 7,a74 7ii7 ,limitation ,the fee described in clause 7i7 shall not apply to any resubmitted application4 7iii7 ,treatment of permit processing fee ,of all amounts collected as fees under this paragraph1 #ej percent shall be-- 7,i7 transferred to the field office where the fee is collected2 and 7,,ii7 used to process leases and permits under this ,act1 subject to appropriation4 4 #bjc4 ,making pilot offices permanent to improve energy permitting on ,federal land 7a7 ,definitions ,in this section3 7#a7 ,energy projects ,the term energy projects includes oil1 natural gas1 and other energy projects1 as defined by the ,secretary4 7#b7 ,project ,the term ,project means the ,federal ,permit ,streamlining ,project established under subsection 7b74 7#c7 ,secretary ,the term ,secretary means the ,secretary of the ,interior4 7b7 ,establishment ,the ,secretary shall establish a ,federal ,permit ,streamlining ,project in every ,bureau of ,land ,management field office with responsibility for permitting energy projects on ,federal land4 7c7 ,memorandum of understanding 7#a7 ,in general ,not later than #ij days after the date of enactment of this ,act1 the ,secretary shall enter into a memorandum of understanding for purposes of this section with-- 7,a7 the ,secretary of ,agriculture2 7,b7 the ,administrator of the ,environmental ,protection ,agency2 and 7,c7 the ,chief of ,engineers4 7#b7 ,state participation ,the ,secretary may request that the ,governor of any ,state in which energy projects on ,federal land are located be a signatory to the memorandum of understanding4 7d7 ,designation of qualified staff 7#a7 ,in general ,not later than #cj days after the date of the signing of the memorandum of understanding under subsection 7c71 all ,federal signatory parties shall1 if appropriate1 assign to each of the ,bureau of ,land ,management field offices an employee who has expertise in the regulatory issues relating to the office in which the employee is employed1 including1 as applicable1 particular expertise in-- 7,a7 the consultations and the preparation of biological opinions under section #g of the ,endangered ,species ,act of #aigc 7#af ,u4,s4,c4 #aecf72 7,b7 permits under section #djd of ,federal ,water ,pollution ,control ,act 7#cc ,u4,s4,c4 #acdd72 7,c7 regulatory matters under the ,clean ,air ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #gdja et seq472 7,d7 planning under the ,national ,forest ,management ,act of #aigf 7#af ,u4,s4,c4 #dgb;a et seq472 and 7,e7 the preparation of analyses under the ,national ,environmental ,policy ,act of #aifi 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #dcba et seq474 7#b7 ,duties ,each employee assigned under paragraph 7#a7 shall-- 7,a7 not later than #ij days after the date of assignment1 report to the ,bureau of ,land ,management ,field ,managers in the office to which the employee is assigned2 7,b7 be responsible for all issues relating to the energy projects that arise under the authorities of the agency of the employee2 and 7,c7 participate as part of the team of personnel working on proposed energy projects1 planning1 and environmental analyses on ,federal land4 7e7 ,additional personnel ,the ,secretary shall assign to each ,bureau of ,land ,management field office identified in subsection 7b7 any additional personnel that are necessary to ensure the effective approval and implementation of energy projects administered by the ,bureau of ,land ,management field offices1 including inspection and enforcement relating to energy development on ,federal land1 in accordance with the multiple use mandate of the ,federal ,land ,policy and ,management ,act of #aigf 7#dc ,u4,s4,c4 #agja et seq474 7f7 ,funding ,salaries for the additional personnel shall be funded from the collection of fees described in section #ag7p77#b77;,d7 of the ,mineral ,leasing ,act 7#cj ,u4,s4,c4 #bbf7p77#b77;,d77 7as amended by section #bjb74 7g7 ,savings provision ,nothing in this section affects-- 7#a7 the operation of any ,federal or ,state law2 or 7#b7 any delegation of authority made by the head of a ,federal agency whose employees are participating in the ,project4 #bjd4 ,administration ,notwithstanding any other law1 the ,secretary of the ,interior shall not require a finding of extraordinary circumstances in administering section #cij of the ,energy ,policy ,act of #bjje 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #aeidb74 #bje4 ,judicial review 7a7 ,definitions ,in this section3 7#a7 ,covered civil action ,the term covered civil action means a civil action containing a claim under section #gjb of title #e1 ,united ,states ,code1 regarding agency action 7as defined for the purposes of that section7 affecting a covered energy project on ,federal land4 7#b7 ,covered energy project 7,a7 ,in general ,the term covered energy project means the leasing of ,federal land for the exploration1 development1 production1 processing1 or transmission of oil1 natural gas1 or any other source of energy1 and any action carried out pursuant to that lease4 7,b7 ,exclusion ,the term covered energy project does not include any disputes between the parties to a lease regarding the obligations under the lease1 including regarding any alleged breach of the lease4 7b7 ,exclusive venue for certain civil actions relating to covered energy projects ,venue for any covered civil action shall lie in the district court where the project or leases exist or are proposed4 7c7 ,timely filing ,to ensure timely redress by the courts1 a covered civil action shall be filed not later than the last day of the #ij-;day period beginning on the date of the final ,federal agency action to which the covered civil action relates4 7d7 ,expedition in hearing and determining the action ,the court shall endeavor to hear and determine any covered civil action as expeditiously as possible4 7e7 ,standard of review ,in any judicial review of a covered civil action1 administrative findings and conclusions relating to the challenged ,federal action or decision shall be presumed to be correct1 and the presumption may be rebutted only by the preponderance of the evidence contained in the administrative record4 7f7 ,limitation on injunction and prospective relief 7#a7 ,in general ,in a covered civil action1 the court shall not grant or approve any prospective relief unless the court finds that the relief is narrowly drawn1 extends no further than necessary to correct the violation of a legal requirement1 and is the least intrusive means necessary to correct that violation4 7#b7 ,duration of preliminary injunctions ,a court shall limit the duration of a preliminary injunction to halt a covered energy project to a period of not more than #fj days1 unless the court finds clear reasons to extend the injunction4 7#c7 ,duration of extension ,an extension under paragraph 7#b7 shall-- 7,a7 only be for a period of not more than #cj days2 and 7,b7 require action by the court to renew the injunction4 7g7 ,limitation on attorneys' fees ,sections #ejd of title #e and #bdab of title #bh1 ,united ,states ,code 7commonly known as the ,equal ,access to ,justice ,act7 shall not apply to a covered civil action1 nor shall any party in the covered civil action receive payment from the ,federal ,government for attorneys' fees1 expenses1 or other court costs4 7h7 ,legal standing ,a person filing an appeal with the ,department of the ,interior ,board of ,land ,appeals shall meet the same standing requirements as a person before a ,united ,states district court4 ,b ,,blm live internet auctions #baa4 ,short title ,this subtitle may be cited as the ,,blm ,live ,internet ,auctions ,act4 #bab4 ,internet-based onshore oil and gas lease sales 7a7 ,authorization ,section #ag7;b77#a7 of the ,mineral ,leasing ,act 7#cj ,u4,s4,c4 #bbf7;b77#a77 is amended-- 7#a7 in subparagraph 7,a71 in the third sentence1 by inserting 1 except as provided in subparagraph 7,c7 after by oral bidding2 and 7#b7 by adding at the end the following3 7,c7 ,internet-based bidding 7i7 ,in general ,in order to diversify and expand the onshore leasing program in the ,united ,states to ensure the best return to the ,federal taxpayer1 reduce fraud1 and secure the leasing process1 the ,secretary may conduct onshore lease sales through ,internet-based bidding methods4 7ii7 ,conclusion of sale ,each individual ,internet-based lease sale shall conclude not later than #g days after the date of initiation of the sale4 4 7b7 ,report ,not later than #ij days after the tenth ,internet-based lease sale conducted pursuant to subparagraph 7,c7 of section #ag7;b77#a7 of the ,mineral ,leasing ,act 7#cj ,u4,s4,c4 #bbf7;b77#a77 7as added by subsection 7a771 the ,secretary of the ,interior shall conduct1 and submit to ,congress a report describing the results of1 an analysis of the first #aj such lease sales1 including-- 7#a7 estimates of increases or decreases in the lease sales1 compared to sales conducted by oral bidding1 in-- 7,a7 the number of bidders2 7,b7 the average amount of the bids2 7,c7 the highest amount of the bids2 and 7,d7 the lowest amount of the bids2 7#b7 an estimate on the total cost or savings to the ,department of the ,interior as a result of the sales1 as compared to sales conducted by oral bidding2 and 7#c7 an evaluation of the demonstrated or expected effectiveness of different structures for lease sales1 which may-- 7,a7 provide an opportunity to better maximize bidder participation2 7,b7 ensure the highest return to the ,federal taxpayers2 7,c7 minimize opportunities for fraud or collusion2 and 7,d7 ensure the security and integrity of the leasing process4