,,ii #aacth ,,congress #b;d ,session ,s4 #bdgc ,,in ,,the ,,senate ,,of ,,the ,,united ,,states ,june #ab1 #bjad ,mr4 ,rubio introduced the following bill2 which was read twice and referred to the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation ,a ,,bill ,to reallocate ,federal ,government-held spectrum for commercial use1 to promote wireless innovation and enhance wireless communications1 and for other purposes4 #a4 ,short title2 table of contents 7a7 ,in general ,this ,act may be cited as the ,wireless ,innovation ,act of #bjad4 7b7 ,table of contents ,the table of contents for this ,act is as follows3 ,sec4 #a4 ,short title2 table of contents4 ,sec4 #b4 ,findings2 statement of policy4 ,sec4 #c4 ,definitions4 ,sec4 #d4 ,reallocation of ,federal ,government spectrum4 ,sec4 #e4 ,spectrum pipeline4 ,sec4 #f4 ,reallocation incentive4 ,sec4 #g4 ,expediting routine secondary market transactions4 ,sec4 #h4 ,analysis of spectrum requirements4 ,sec4 #i4 ,federal spectrum transparency and value4 #b4 ,findings2 statement of policy 7a7 ,findings ,congress finds the following3 7#a7 ,the ,united ,states is the global leader in wireless communications and broadband technologies1 both of which are vital parts of daily life in the ,united ,states1 key components of the national infrastructure of the ,united ,states1 and a significant driver of the ,united ,states economy4 7#b7 ,wireless communications and broadband services have become critical for individuals to improve their economic well-being1 businesses to compete in the #bast century1 first responders to protect individuals in emergencies1 and ,federal agencies to service their missions1 such as national defense4 7#c7 ,because of the proliferation of broadband connected wireless devices and consumer applications1 the volume of data traffic traveling over wireless networks has been growing substantially1 and with the pace of innovation accelerating1 the demand for wireless data services will continue to increase exponentially4 7#d7 ,the ,council of ,economic ,advisors has concluded that the only feasible way to realize the full potential of wireless broadband is to make new spectrum available for wireless services1 and considerable spectrum is underused or used in less economically valuable ways1 and could be repurposed and reallocated for wireless broadband use4 7#e7 ,if the ,united ,states does not make more spectrum available1 scarcity of spectrum could lead to higher prices for wireless services1 poor service quality1 the inability of the ,united ,states to compete internationally1 constrained mobile broadband growth1 and ultimately1 a drag on innovation and individual economic mobility4 7#f7 ,the ,national ,broadband ,plan1 created by the ,federal ,communications ,commission1 set a goal of making #ejj megahertz of spectrum newly available for commercial mobile broadband use by #bjbj1 including making #cjj megahertz between #bbe megahertz and #c4g gigahertz newly available for mobile use within #e years1 and stated that reallocating this spectrum where possible for mobile broadband use should be a priority4 7#g7 ,reallocating and auctioning spectrum produces multiple benefits4 ,a ,federal licensee can upgrade to comparable or superior communications technology1 an auction raises money for the ,united ,states ,treasury1 and taxpayers benefit from increased access to1 and better use of1 spectrum4 7#h7 ,in addition to reallocating spectrum1 the ,united ,states should pursue a comprehensive approach to spectrum policy that includes expanding the capacity of wireless networks1 promoting secondary spectrum markets1 expanding unlicensed networks and ,wi-,fi systems1 and increasing efficiency and transparency among ,federal users4 7#i7 ,the ,federal ,government1 as the largest user of spectrum1 must also promote the efficient use of spectrum resources1 and the ,national ,telecommunications and ,information ,administration must ensure that ,federal agencies use this valuable public resource in the most efficient and effective manner possible4 7#aj7 ,the ,national ,broadband ,plan states that ,federal spectrum users can be more efficient with the airwaves allocated to them by the ,national ,telecommunications and ,information ,administration1 especially as wireless needs and technology evolve over time4 7b7 ,purpose ,the purpose of this ,act is-- 7#a7 to pursue comprehensive solutions to expand mobile broadband and utilize wireless services and technologies to create jobs1 grow the economy1 and improve individual economic mobility2 and 7#b7 to ensure that the ,federal ,government-- 7,a7 utilizes its spectrum in the most efficient and effective way2 and 7,b7 repurposes spectrum for commercial use wherever possible4 #c4 ,definitions ,in this ,act3 7#a7 ,commission ,the term ,commission means the ,federal ,communications ,commission4 7#b7 ,,nist ,the term ,,nist means the ,national ,institute of ,standards and ,technology4 7#c7 ,,ntia ,the term ,,ntia means the ,national ,telecommunications and ,information ,administration4 #d4 ,reallocation of ,federal ,government spectrum ,section #aac of the ,national ,telecommunications and ,information ,administration ,organization ,act 7#dg ,u4,s4,c4 #ibc7 is amended by adding at the end the following3 7m7 ,further reallocation report 7#a7 ,report required 7,a7 ,in general ,not later than #a year after the date of enactment of this subsection1 the ,secretary shall prepare and submit to the ,president and ,congress a report 7referred to in this subsection as the reallocation report7 that identifies and recommends for reallocation bands of frequencies-- 7i7 that1 in the aggregate1 span not less than #bjj megahertz2 7ii7 that are located below #e gigahertz2 7iii7 that are not covered by the proceeding of the ,commission in ,,gn ,docket ,no4 #ab-ced2 7iv7 that1 as of the date of submission of the reallocation report1 are allocated on an exclusive or primary basis for ,federal ,government use2 7v7 from which ,federal ,government stations may be relocated pursuant to subsection 7g7 or for which ,federal ,government stations may be replaced by commercially available substitutes2 7vi7 that1 as of the date of submission of the reallocation report or at any time during the #aj-year period beginning on that date1 may feasibly be made available for the uses described in subparagraph 7,b72 7vii7 the transfer of which from1 or the sharing of which with1 ,federal ,government use will not result in costs to the ,federal ,government1 or losses of services or benefits to the public1 that are excessive in relation to the benefits to the public that may be provided by non-,federal licensees2 and 7viii7 that are most likely to have the greatest potential economic benefit to the ,united ,states if reallocated and licensed for non-,federal use4 7,b7 ,allocation of spectrum ,of the spectrum described in subparagraph 7,a7-- 7i7 #adj megahertz shall-- 7,i7 be allocated for commercial mobile use on an exclusive1 licensed basis2 and 7,,ii7 be located below #c4g gigahertz2 7ii7 not more than #bj megahertz may be allocated for unlicensed use if-- 7,i7 such use protects licensed services from harmful interference2 and 7,,ii7 the spectrum allocated for such use is located-- 7aa7 in guard bands below #c4g gigahertz-- 7,,aa7 that are no larger than technically necessary to prevent harmful interference between licensed services outside the guard bands2 and 7,,bb7 the unlicensed use of which does not cause harmful interference to licensed services2 or 7bb7 between #c4g gigahertz and #e gigahertz2 and 7iii7 not more than #dj megahertz may be shared with ,federal ,government stations if-- 7,i7 the ,president limits the assignment of the ,federal ,government stations so that the use of the spectrum by those stations is restricted by geographic area1 by time1 or by other means so as to guarantee that the continued use by those stations is substantially less than the use made by non-,federal stations2 and 7,,ii7 the operational sharing authorized under this clause is subject to-- 7aa7 interference regulations prescribed by the ,commission under section #cje7;a7 of the #aicd ,act2 7bb7 coordination procedures that the ,commission and the ,secretary shall jointly establish and implement to ensure against harmful interference2 and 7cc7 the sharing arrangements in a transition plan applicable to the spectrum that the ,technical ,panel finds sufficient under subsection 7h77#d74 7,c7 ,relocation of ,federal ,government stations2 costs ,the ,secretary shall include in the reallocation report-- 7i7 recommendations for spectrum bands to which ,federal ,government stations may be relocated2 and 7ii7 the costs1 as determined by the ,secretary in consultation with the ,office of ,management and ,budget1 of the relocation described in clause 7i74 7#b7 ,direct discussions 7,a7 ,in general ,the ,secretary shall consult with the ,federal ,government users of the spectrum and work through established processes of the ,,ntia to encourage and provide opportunity for direct discussions among commercial representatives and ,federal ,government users of the spectrum to aid the ,secretary in determining which frequencies to recommend for reallocation under this subsection4 7,b7 ,notice ,the ,secretary shall provide notice to the public and the ,commission of any discussion held under subparagraph 7,a71 including the name of each business or other person represented in the discussion4 7,c7 ,representative of commission ,a representative of the ,commission 7and of the ,secretary1 at the election of the ,secretary7 may attend any discussion held under subparagraph 7,a74 7,d7 ,opportunity for comment ,before the ,secretary submits the reallocation report1 the ,secretary shall provide the public and the ,commission with an opportunity to comment on the results of any discussion held under subparagraph 7,a74 7#c7 ,timetable for withdrawal or limitation of assignments 7,a7 ,recommended deadlines ,the ,secretary shall include in the reallocation report a timetable that recommends effective dates by which the ,president shall-- 7i7 withdraw the assignment to ,federal ,government stations of the frequencies specified in the reallocation report 7other than the frequencies identified under paragraph 7#a77;,b77iii772 and 7ii7 in the case of the spectrum identified under paragraph 7#a77;,b77iii71 limit the assignment of that spectrum to ,federal ,government stations as required under subclause 7,i7 of that paragraph4 7,b7 ,absolute deadlines 7i7 ,in general ,notwithstanding the effective dates recommended by the ,secretary under subparagraph 7,a71 not later than the date described in clause 7ii7 of this subparagraph1 the ,president shall-- 7,i7 withdraw the assignment to ,federal ,government stations of the frequencies specified in the reallocation report 7other than the frequencies identified under paragraph 7#a77;,b77iii772 and 7,,ii7 in the case of the spectrum identified under paragraph 7#a77;,b77iii71 limit the assignment to ,federal ,government stations as required under subclause 7,i7 of that paragraph4 7ii7 ,date ,the date described in this clause is the earlier of-- 7,i7 the date that is #c years after the beginning of the auction of the frequencies specified in the reallocation report pursuant to section #cji7;j77#ae77;,c77vii7 of the #aicd ,act2 or 7,,ii7 the date as of which-- 7aa7 each ,federal ,government station has been relocated from the frequencies specified in the reallocation report 7other than the frequencies identified under paragraph 7#a77;,b77iii772 and 7bb7 the assignment of the frequencies identified under paragraph 7#a77;,b77iii7 to each ,federal ,government station has been limited as required under subclause 7,i7 of that paragraph4 7#d7 ,department of ,defense stations ,section #ajfb7;b7 of the ,national ,defense ,authorization ,act for ,fiscal ,year #bjjj 7,public ,law #ajf-fe2 #aac ,stat4 #gfh7 shall apply to the relocation of stations operated by the ,department of ,defense in the spectrum described in paragraph 7#a77;,a7 of this subsection4 4 #e4 ,spectrum pipeline 7a7 ,deadline ,section #cji7;j77#ae77;,c7 of the ,communications ,act of #aicd 7#dg ,u4,s4,c4 #cji7;j77#ae77;,c77 is amended by adding at the end the following3 7vii7 ,deadlines for the auction of frequency bands under the ,wireless ,innovation ,act of #bjad ,the ,commission shall conduct an auction of-- 7,i7 #hj megahertz of the spectrum recommended for reallocation in the reallocation report under section #aac7m7 of the ,national ,telecommunications and ,information ,administration ,organization ,act not later than ,december #ca1 #bjah2 7,,ii7 an additional #fj megahertz of the spectrum recommended for reallocation in the reallocation report described in subclause 7,i7 not later than #ah months after the completion of the auction required under subclause 7,i72 and 7,,iii7 an additional #dj megahertz of the spectrum recommended for reallocation in the reallocation report described in subclause 7,i7 not later than #ah months after the completion of the auction required under subclause 7,,ii74 4 7b7 ,regulations ,not later than #f months before the ,commission commences each auction required under section #cji7;j77#ae77;,c77vii7 of the ,communications ,act of #aicd1 as added by subsection 7a71 the ,commission shall promulgate regulations necessary to conduct the auction4 7c7 ,technical and conforming amendment ,section #fdja7;b77#b7 of the ,middle ,class ,tax ,relief and ,job ,creation ,act of #bjab 7#dg ,u4,s4,c4 #adea7;b77#b77 is amended-- 7#a7 by striking subparagraph 7,c72 and 7#b7 by redesignating subparagraphs 7,d7 and 7,e7 as subparagraphs 7,c7 and 7,d71 respectively4 #f4 ,reallocation incentive 7a7 ,definitions ,in this section-- 7#a7 the term ,director means the ,director of the ,office of ,management and ,budget2 and 7#b7 the term ,federal entity has the meaning given the term in section #aac7l7 of the ,national ,telecommunications and ,information ,administration ,organization ,act 7#dg ,u4,s4,c4 #ibc7l774 7b7 ,deposit of proceeds ,notwithstanding section #cji7;j77#h77;,d7 of the ,communications ,act of #aicd 7#dg ,u4,s4,c4 #cji7;j77#h77;,d771 if the first auction of any eligible frequencies described in section #aac7;g77#b7 of the ,national ,telecommunications and ,information ,administration ,organization ,act 7#dg ,u4,s4,c4 #ibc7;g77#b77 that takes place after the date of enactment of this ,act meets the requirements established under section #cji7;j77#af7 of the ,communications ,act of #aicd 7#dg ,u4,s4,c4 #cji7;j77#af771 an amount equal to #a percent of the proceeds attributable to the auction shall be deposited in the ,spectrum ,relocation ,fund established under section #aah of the ,national ,telecommunications and ,information ,administration ,organization ,act 7#dg ,u4,s4,c4 #ibh7 for use in accordance with subsection 7c7 of this section4 7c7 ,payments for advance planning and enhanced spectrum efficiency 7#a7 ,in general ,the ,director1 in consultation with the ,,ntia1 may use the amount made available under subsection 7b7 to make payments to any ,federal entity-- 7,a7 to conduct research and development1 and operational1 technical1 cost1 and schedule-feasibility analyses1 regarding the potential future reallocation of additional spectrum from ,federal use to exclusive non-,federal use or to shared use2 and 7,b7 to develop and incorporate spectrum efficiency guidelines and spectrally efficient advanced or unique technology or techniques into the budget and procurement processes of the ,federal entity to facilitate the design and procurement of ,federal spectrum-dependent systems that increase flexibility through means such as multiple-band tuning capabilities and the use of commercial systems as appropriate1 including through public-private partnerships4 7#b7 ,conditions 7,a7 ,use of payment to estimate costs ,a ,federal entity that receives a payment under subparagraph 7,a7 of paragraph 7#a7 to conduct the analyses described in that paragraph shall use the payment to estimate the costs specified in clauses 7i7 through 7v7 of section #aac7;g77#c77;,a7 of the ,national ,telecommunications and ,information ,administration ,organization ,act 7#dg ,u4,s4,c4 #ibc7;g77#c77;,a77 with respect to frequencies identified by the ,federal entity for potential reallocation4 7,b7 ,relocation or sharing costs ,the ,director may not make a payment under paragraph 7#a7 if the amount made available under subsection 7b7 is otherwise necessary to cover relocation or sharing costs 7as defined in section #aac7;g77#c77 of the ,national ,telecommunications and ,information ,administration ,organization ,act 7#dg ,u4,s4,c4 #ibc7;g77#c7774 7,c7 ,notification required ,the ,director may not make a payment under paragraph 7#a7 until #cj days after the date as of which the ,director has notified the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation of the ,senate and the ,committee on ,energy and ,commerce of the ,house of ,representatives of the intent of the ,director to make the payment4 7,d7 ,emission levels ,a ,federal entity that receives a payment under paragraph 7#a7 shall1 to the extent possible1 procure systems described in subparagraph 7,b7 of that paragraph such that emission levels resulting from reasonable use of adjacent spectrum will not impair the functioning of the systems1 consistent with any applicable radio receiver performance criteria and international obligations4 7#c7 ,annual report ,each year1 the ,director shall submit to the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation of the ,senate and the ,committee on ,energy and ,commerce of the ,house of ,representatives a report that-- 7,a7 describes each payment that the ,director made to a ,federal entity under this subsection during the preceding year2 and 7,b7 details how each ,federal entity used each payment described in subparagraph 7,a74 #g4 ,expediting routine secondary market transactions ,section #caj of the ,communications ,act of #aicd 7#dg ,u4,s4,c4 #caj7 is amended by striking subsection 7d7 and inserting the following3 7d7 ,assignment and transfer of construction permit or station license 7#a7 ,in general 7,a7 ,application required ,no construction permit or station license1 or any rights thereunder1 shall be transferred1 assigned1 or disposed of in any manner1 voluntarily or involuntarily1 directly or indirectly1 or by transfer of control of any corporation holding such permit or license1 to any person except upon application to the ,commission and upon finding by the ,commission that the public interest1 convenience1 and necessity will be served thereby4 7,b7 ,action upon application ,any application under subparagraph 7,a7 shall be disposed of as if the proposed transferee or assignee were making application under section #cjh for the permit or license in question2 but in acting thereon the ,commission may not consider whether the public interest1 convenience1 and necessity might be served by the transfer1 assignment1 or disposal of the permit or license to a person other than the proposed transferee or assignee4 7#b7 ,presumption ,an application to the ,commission under paragraph 7#a7 shall be deemed to be in the public interest1 convenient1 and necessary1 and shall be granted not later than #ij days after the date on which the ,commission issues a public notice of the application1 unless the ,commission acts to deny the application1 if the application-- 7,a7 does not involve an entity described in subsection 7b72 7,b7 does not require premerger notification and waiting period under section #g;a of the ,clayton ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #ah;a72 and 7,c7 is not a covered transaction under section #gba of the ,defense ,production ,act of #aiej 7#ej ,u4,s4,c4 ,app4 #bagj74 4 #h4 ,analysis of spectrum requirements ,section #ajd7;d7 of the ,national ,telecommunications and ,information ,administration ,organization ,act 7#dg ,u4,s4,c4 #ijc7;d77 is amended-- 7#a7 in paragraph 7#a7-- 7,a7 by striking ,in assigning and inserting the following3 7,a7 ,in general ,in assigning 2 and 7,b7 by adding at the end the following3 7,b7 ,required analysis ,before the ,secretary may assign frequencies for mobile radio services and other radio services1 and subject to subparagraph 7,c71 each ,federal agency seeking a new or modified frequency assignment for a mobile service or other radio service shall submit to the ,secretary and the ,director of the ,office of ,management and ,budget 7referred to in this paragraph as the ,director7 a report analyzing-- 7i7 whether the ,federal agency may use commercial services for the operation of the service rather than obtain a new or modified frequency assignment consistent with national security1 public safety and overall ability to reliably perform the ,federal mission1 including an explicit consideration of the cost of contracting for the commercial service against the cost of the agency operating on the new or modified frequency assignment2 7ii7 whether the proposed spectrum requirements of the ,federal agency could-- 7,i7 use an existing or planned service operated by the ,federal agency or another ,federal agency2 or 7,,ii7 share a frequency allocation with an existing ,federal agency1 including the use of dynamic and opportunistic spectrum sharing2 7iii7 whether the ,federal agency could-- 7,i7 use unlicensed spectrum2 or 7,,ii7 lease capacity from commercial providers2 7iv7 if the ,federal agency cannot use a commercial or other ,federal service1 how much spectrum the ,federal agency needs to operate the service2 7v7 whether the service requires a frequency assignment below #c gigahertz2 and 7vi7 whether1 once the allocation is made1 the ,federal agency may share the spectrum with non-,federal users4 7,c7 ,review of analysis 7i7 ,in general ,the ,secretary1 in consultation with the ,director and any ,federal agency that the ,secretary may determine appropriate1 shall determine whether to grant a request of a ,federal agency for a new or modified frequency assignment for a mobile service or other radio service4 7ii7 ,alteration of allocation ,if the ,secretary determines that a request described in clause 7i7 is better met through sharing frequencies or systems with another ,federal agency1 the ,secretary1 in consultation with the ,director1 the requesting ,federal agency1 the ,federal agency with whom the requesting ,federal agency will share systems or allocation1 and any other ,federal agency that the ,secretary may determine appropriate1 shall alter the previously granted allocation accordingly4 7,d7 ,budget and procurement processes 7i7 ,in general ,a ,federal agency shall include spectrum efficiency when considering procurement of spectrum-dependent systems and hardware1 as a technical requirement1 an evaluation criterion for award1 or both4 7ii7 ,spectrum efficiency guidelines ,the ,,ntia and the ,director shall develop and incorporate spectrum efficiency guidelines into budget and procurement processes4 7iii7 ,purpose and content of guidelines ,the guidelines developed under clause 7ii7 shall-- 7,i7 facilitate1 as appropriate1 the design and procurement of systems that increase flexibility through means such as multiple-band tuning capabilities and the use of commercial systems2 and 7,,ii7 require1 to the extent possible1 procurement of ,federal systems such that emission levels resulting from reasonable use of adjacent spectrum will not impair the functioning of such systems1 consistent with any applicable radio receiver performance criteria and international obligations4 7,e7 ,transparency of ,federal spectrum allocations 7i7 ,public availability ,all requests for allocation made under this ,act shall be published in the ,federal ,register4 7ii7 ,database ,the ,,ntia shall maintain a database of all requests for allocation made under this ,act that is searchable electronically and available to the public4 7iii7 ,public comment permissible ,at the discretion of the ,secretary1 the ,secretary may seek public comment on any requested allocation4 7iv7 ,national security protected ,where necessary to protect the interests of national security1 the ,assistant ,secretary shall redact a request for allocation made under this ,act from the public4 2 and 7#b7 in paragraph 7#b71 by striking ,the ,secretary and inserting ,in addition to the circumstances described in paragraph 7#a77;,c71 the ,secretary4 #i4 ,federal spectrum transparency and value 7a7 ,analysis of economic opportunity cost 7#a7 ,development of framework ,not later than #a year after the date of enactment of this ,act1 the ,,ntia1 in consultation with the ,commission and the ,director of the ,office of ,management and ,budget1 shall develop a framework for determining the annual economic opportunity cost of each specific ,federal spectrum band assigned or otherwise allocated for use by ,federal entities4 7#b7 ,scope ,the framework developed under paragraph 7#a7 shall cover all federally allocated spectrum bands between #aej megahertz and #fjjj megahertz1 inclusive4 7#c7 ,goals ,the goals of the framework developed under paragraph 7#a7 are-- 7,a7 to provide ,federal entities with a sustained long-term signal of spectrum value to inform the spectrum management decisions of such entities2 and 7,b7 to provide the public with increased transparency about how ,federal entities use a scarce physical resource4 7#d7 ,requirements ,the framework developed under paragraph 7#a7 shall-- 7,a7 define the term opportunity cost as the value of the spectrum1 in dollar terms1 as if such spectrum were to be reallocated on a licensed basis to the highest commercial alternative use that currently does not have access to that spectrum2 7,b7 be updated1 on an annual basis1 to take into account observed market valuations from spectrum auctions1 secondary spectrum trading1 and other market indicators of spectrum value2 7,c7 determine the opportunity costs borne by each ,federal entity for each spectrum band that is entirely under the control of a single agency2 and 7,d7 determine the opportunity costs for spectrum assigned or otherwise allocated to ,federal entities for both primary use and secondary use4 7b7 ,report on opportunity costs ,each ,federal entity that has been assigned or otherwise allocated use of a ,federal spectrum band shall report1 as an off-budget item1 the opportunity cost borne by the entity for each spectrum band the entity uses-- 7#a7 in the budget of the entity to be included in the budget of the ,united ,states ,government submitted by the ,president under section #aaje of title #ca1 ,united ,states ,code2 and 7#b7 in the annual financial statement of the ,federal entity required to be filed under section #ceae of title #ca1 ,united ,states ,code4 7c7 ,spectrum value analysis ,not later than #e years after the date of enactment of this ,act1 and every #e years thereafter1 each ,federal entity that has been assigned or otherwise allocated use of a ,federal spectrum band1 or otherwise utilizes such spectrum1 shall engage in an analysis comparing the opportunity cost of that spectrum1 as such cost is determined by the framework developed by the ,,ntia under subsection 7a71 to the projected costs of the entity relocating to other government spectrum holdings1 co-locating with other government agencies1 leasing other non-,federal spectrum1 or contracting out for its spectrum activities4 7d7 ,spectrum technology study 7#a7 ,in general ,not later than #ah months after the date of enactment of this ,act1 and every #e years thereafter1 the ,chief ,technology ,officer1 in consultation with the ,assistant ,secretary of ,commerce for ,communications and ,information and the ,comptroller ,general of the ,united ,states1 shall examine the technologies and equipment used by ,federal entities operating on ,federal spectrum allocations and determine if such technologies and equipment are the most spectrum-efficient available4 7#b7 ,certain determinations made ,if the results of any study required under paragraph 7#a7 determine that the technologies and equipment of ,federal entities operating on ,federal spectrum allocations are not the most spectrum-efficient available1 the ,comptroller ,general shall determine-- 7,a7 what the costs would be to upgrade such systems to more up-to-date and readily available systems2 7,b7 what benefits would be gained from upgrading1 particularly any cost savings or increases in spectrum utilization efficiency2 and 7,c7 if there are any possible problems with upgrading to more up-to-date systems4 7e7 ,spectrum opportunity cost and framework study 7#a7 ,in general ,the ,comptroller ,general of the ,united ,states1 in consultation with the ,,ntia1 shall-- 7,a7 conduct a review of the framework developed under subsection 7a72 7,b7 conduct a review of the reports required under subsection 7b7 and the processes that ,federal entities use to evaluate the opportunity cost borne for each spectrum band the ,federal entities use2 and 7,c7 make recommendations on how to improve such framework and reporting4 7#b7 ,report ,not later than #b years after the date of enactment of this ,act1 and every #b years thereafter1 the ,comptroller ,general of the ,united ,states shall submit to the appropriate committees in ,congress a report on the review and recommendations required under paragraph 7#a74