,,ii  #aacth ,,congress  #b;d ,session  
,s4 #bjia  ,,in ,,the ,,senate ,,of     
,,the ,,united ,,states  ,march #f1     
#bjad,mr4 ,heller 7for himself1 ,mr4    
,casey1 ,mr4 ,moran1 ,mr4 ,heinrich1    
,mr4 ,vitter1 and ,mr4 ,tester7         
introduced the following bill2 which was
 read twice and referred to the         
,committee on ,veterans' ,affairs  ,a   
,,bill  ,to amend title #ch1 ,united    
,states ,code1 to improve the processing
 by the ,department of ,veterans        
,affairs of claims for benefits under   
laws administered by the ,secretary of  
,veterans ,affairs1 and for other       
purposes4  #a4 ,short title2 table of   
contents  7a7 ,short title ,this ,act   
may be cited as the #bast ,century      
,veterans ,benefits ,delivery ,act4  7b7
 ,table of contents ,the table of       
contents for this ,act is as follows3   
,sec4 #a4 ,short title2 table of        
contents4 ,,title ,i--,benefits claims  
submission ,sec4 #aja4 ,modification of 
,transition ,assistance ,program to     

enable online participation4 ,sec4 #ajb4
 ,requirement to encourage claimants to 
use appropriate forms4 ,sec4 #ajc4      
,required communications to users of    
e,benefits ,internet website4 ,sec4     
#ajd4 ,extension of authority for       
retroactive date of awards for filing   
fully developed claims4 ,sec4 #aje4     
,requirement that decisions on claims   
explain benefits of filing appeals      
within #ahj days4 ,sec4 #ajf4           
,requirement to use ,department of      
,veterans ,affairs form #ba-jieh in     
regional offices for filing of notices  
of disagreement4 ,sec4 #ajg4            
,determination of manner of appearance  
for hearings before ,board of ,veterans'
 ,appeals4 ,,title ,,ii--,practices of  
regional offices ,sec4 #bja4 ,required  
,comptroller ,general audit of regional 
offices of ,veterans ,benefits          
,administration4 ,sec4 #bjb4 ,study on  
service-connected disabilities that     
worsen with age4 ,sec4 #bjc4            
,improvements to authority for          

performance of medical disabilities     
examinations by contract physician4     
,sec4 #bjd4 ,improvement of mail        
processing by ,department of ,veterans  
,affairs4 ,sec4 #bje4 ,review of        
practices of regional offices regarding 
use of suspense dates4 ,sec4 #bjf4      
,semiannual reports on progress in      
implementing ,veterans ,benefits        
,management ,system4 ,sec4 #bjg4 ,annual
 report on capacity of ,veterans        
,benefits ,administration to process    
benefits claims4 ,sec4 #bjh4 ,increased 
transparency in ,monday ,morning        
,workload ,report4 ,sec4 #bji4 ,reports 
on appeals of decisions on benefits     
claims4 ,,title ,,iii--,government      
response ,sec4 #cja4 ,increased         
cooperation across ,government4 ,sec4   
#cjb4 ,report on interoperability       
between electronic health records       
systems of ,department of ,defense and  
,department of ,veterans ,affairs4  ,i  
,benefits claims submission  #aja4      
,modification of ,transition ,assistance

 ,program to enable online participation
 ,section #aadd of title #aj1 ,united   
,states ,code1 is amended by adding at  
the end the following new subsection3   
7f7 ,online curriculum  7#a7 ,the       
,secretary of ,labor1 in conjunction    
with the ,secretary of ,defense1 the    
,secretary of ,homeland ,security1 and  
the ,secretary of ,veterans ,affairs1   
shall take such actions and make such   
modifications to the e,benefits         
,internet website as may be necessary to
 ensure that members of the armed forces
 and spouses described in subsection    
7a77#a7 can participate in the program  
carried out under this section through  
such ,internet website4  7#b7 ,an       
individual subject to a requirement     
under subsection 7c7 may not satisfy    
such requirement by participating in the
 program carried out under this section 
solely through an ,internet website4  4 
#ajb4 ,requirement to encourage         
claimants to use appropriate forms ,the 
,secretary of ,veterans ,affairs shall  

encourage each individual who is seeking
 to file a claim with the ,secretary for
 a benefit under a law administered by  
the ,secretary to file such claim using 
an appropriate form established by the  
,secretary for such purpose4  #ajc4     
,required communications to users of    
e,benefits ,internet website  7a7       
,automated notification of resources    
,the ,secretary of ,veterans ,affairs   
shall take such measures as may be      
necessary so that whenever an individual
 establishes an account on the          
e,benefits ,internet website of the     
,department of ,veterans ,affairs and   
,department of ,defense an e-mail is    
sent to the individual that includes a  
description of the following3 7#a7 ,the 
benefits of filing a fully developed    
claim4  7#b7 ,where the individual can  
go to obtain assistance in filing a     
fully developed claim1 including the    
following3 7,a7 ,the ,department of     
,veterans ,affairs4  7,b7 ,an           
organization recognized by the          

,secretary for the representation of    
veterans under section #eijb of title   
#ch1 ,united ,states ,code4  7b7        
,alternate communication ,whenever the  
,secretary sends a message to an        
individual through the e,benefits       
,internet website described in          
subsection 7a71 the ,secretary shall    
also send such message to the individual
 through the use of a second medium     
selected by the individual1 such as by  
telephone or by sending an e-mail to a  
private e-mail address of the           
individual4  #ajd4 ,extension of        
authority for retroactive date of awards
 for filing fully developed claims      
,section #eaaj7;b77#b77;,c7 of title    
#ch1 ,united ,states ,code1 is amended  
by striking the date that is three years
 after the date of the enactment of such
 ,act and inserting ,september #cj1     
#bjbj4  #aje4 ,requirement that         
decisions on claims explain benefits of 
filing appeals within #ahj days ,section
 #eajd7;a7 of title #ch1 ,united ,states

 ,code1 is amended-- 7#a7 by inserting  
7#a7 before ,in the case2 and  7#b7 by  
striking the second sentence and        
inserting the following new paragraph3  
7#b7 ,the notice shall include the      
following3 7,a7 ,an explanation of the  
procedure for obtaining review of the   
decision4  7,b7 ,an explanation of the  
benefits of filing for review of the    
decision within #ahj days4  4  #ajf4    
,requirement to use ,department of      
,veterans ,affairs form #ba-jieh in     
regional offices for filing of notices  
of disagreement ,the ,secretary of      
,veterans ,affairs shall use ,department
 of ,veterans ,affairs form #ba-jieh1 or
 such other form as the ,secretary may  
require1 in each of the regional offices
 of the ,department for purposes of     
filing notices of disagreement under    
section #gaje7;b7 of title #ch1 ,united 
,states ,code4  #ajg4 ,determination of 
manner of appearance for hearings before
 ,board of ,veterans' ,appeals  7a7 ,in 
general ,section #gajg of title #ch1    

,united ,states ,code1 is amended-- 7#a7
 by striking subsection 7e72  7#b7 by   
redesignating subsections 7d7 and 7f7 as
 subsections 7f7 and 7g71 respectively2 
7#c7 by inserting after subsection 7c7  
the following new subsections 7d7 and   
7e73  7d7 7#a7 ,subject to paragraph    
7#b71 a hearing before the ,board shall 
be conducted1 as the ,board considers   
appropriate-- 7,a7 in person2 or  7,b7  
through picture and voice transmission1 
by electronic or other means1 in such   
manner that the appellant is not present
 in the same location as the members of 
the ,board during the hearing4  7#b7    
,upon request by an appellant1 a hearing
 before the ,board shall be conducted1  
as the appellant considers appropriate--
 7,a7 in person2 or  7,b7 through       
picture and voice transmission as       
described in paragraph 7#a77;,b74  7e7  
7#a7 ,in a case in which a hearing      
before the ,board is to be conducted    
through picture and voice transmission  
as described in subsection 7d77#a77;,b71

 the ,secretary shall provide suitable  
facilities and equipment to the ,board  
or other components of the ,department  
to enable an appellant located at an    
appropriate facility within the area    
served by a regional office to          
participate as so described4  7#b7 ,any 
hearing conducted through picture and   
voice transmission as described in      
subsection 7d77#a77;,b7 shall be        
conducted in the same manner as1 and    
shall be considered the equivalent of1 a
 personal hearing4  2 and  7#d7 in      
subsection 7f77#a71 as redesignated by  
paragraph 7#b71 by striking ,an         
appellant may request and all that      
follows through office of the           
,department and inserting ,in a case in 
which a hearing before the ,board is to 
be conducted in person1 the hearing     
shall be held at the principal location 
of the ,board or at a facility of the   
,department located within the area     
served by a regional office of the      
,department44  7b7 ,effective date ,the 

amendment made by subsection 7a7 shall  
apply with respect to cases received by 
the ,board of ,veterans' ,appeals       
pursuant to notices of disagreement     
submitted on or after the date of the   
enactment of this ,act4  ,,ii ,practices
 of regional offices  #bja4 ,required   
,comptroller ,general audit of regional 
offices of ,veterans ,benefits          
,administration  7a7 ,in general ,not   
later than one year after the date of   
the enactment of this ,act1 the         
,comptroller ,general of the ,united    
,states shall complete an audit of the  
regional offices of the ,veterans       
,benefits ,administration-- 7#a7 to     
assess the consistency of decisions     
being made with respect to claims for   
benefits under laws administered by the 
,secretary of ,veterans ,affairs2 and   
7#b7 to identify ways in which the      
consistency of such decisions can be    
improved4  7b7 ,identification of       
factors and best practices ,the audit   
conducted under subsection 7a7 shall    

include the following3 7#a7             
,identification of the factors1         
including management practices1 that    
distinguish higher performing regional  
offices from other regional offices4    
7#b7 ,identification of best practices  
employed by higher performing regional  
offices that distinguish the performance
 of such offices from other regional    
offices4  7c7 ,report ,not later than   
#ij days after the date on which the    
,comptroller ,general completes the     
audit required by subsection 7a71 the   
,comptroller ,general shall submit to   
,congress a report on the results of the
 audit4  #bjb4 ,study on                
service-connected disabilities that     
worsen with age  7a7 ,in general ,not   
later than #ahj days after the date of  
the enactment of this ,act1 the         
,secretary of ,veterans ,affairs shall  
complete a study on covered disabilities
 using historical data regarding        
service-connected disabilities4  7b7    
,covered disabilities ,for purposes of  

the study required by subsection 7a71 a 
covered disability is a                 
service-connected disability that the   
,secretary determines is of a type or   
class of disability or condition that   
the ,secretary determines is a type or  
class of disability or condition that1  
for individuals with such type or class 
of disability1 the average impairment of
 earning capacity resulting from such   
disability or condition increases as the
 individual with such disability or     
condition ages4  7c7 ,matters covered   
,the study required by subsection 7a7   
shall include the following3 7#a7       
,analysis of historical statistics and  
information related to the progressive  
nature of covered disabilities1 in terms
 of increased impairment of earning     
capacity caused by the disabilities4    
7#b7 ,development of recommendations for
 legislative and administrative action  
that use statistics and information     
described in paragraph 7#a7 to          
adjudicate more quickly claims for      

increased disability compensation and   
disability compensation claims of       
veterans who had specific military      
occupation specialties when serving in  
the ,armed ,forces4  7d7 ,report ,not   
later than #ahj days after the date of  
the enactment of this ,act1 the         
,secretary shall submit to ,congress a  
report on the study required by         
subsection 7a71 including the findings  
of the ,secretary with respect to such  
study4  7e7 ,public comment ,the        
,secretary shall-- 7#a7 make the report 
submitted under paragraph 7#a7 available
 to the public2 and  7#b7 seek comments 
from the public1 including from veterans
 service organizations1 veterans1 and   
medical professionals1 on the           
recommendations developed under         
subsection 7c77#b74  7f7 ,proposal  7#a7
 ,in general ,not later than #ahj days  
after submitting the report under       
subsection 7d71 the ,secretary shall    
develop and submit to ,congress a       
proposal for conduct of a pilot program 

to assess the feasibility and           
advisability of carrying out the        
recommendations developed under         
subsection 7c77#b74  7#b7 ,input ,in    
developing the proposal required by     
paragraph 7#a71 the ,secretary shall    
consider the comments received under    
subsection 7e77#b74  7#c7 ,limitation   
,the ,secretary may not conduct the     
pilot program proposed under paragraph  
7#a7 or any portion of such proposal    
except pursuant to provisions of law    
enacted after the date of the receipt by
 ,congress of such proposal4  7g7       
,veterans service organization defined  
,in this section1 the term veterans     
service organization means an           
organization recognized by the          
,secretary for the representation of    
veterans under section #eijb of title   
#ch1 ,united ,states ,code4  #bjc4      
,improvements to authority for          
performance of medical disabilities     
examinations by contract physician  7a7 
,extension of temporary authority       

,subsection 7c7 of section #gjd of the  
,veterans ,benefits ,act of #bjjc 7#ch  
,u4,s4,c4 #eaja note7 is amended by     
striking ,december #ca1 #bjad and       
inserting ,december #ca1 #bjaf4  7b7    
,licensure of contract physicians  7#a7 
,temporary authority ,such section #gjd 
is further amended-- 7,a7 by            
redesignating subsection 7d7 as         
subsection 7e72 and  7,b7 by inserting  
after subsection 7c7 the following new  
subsection 7d73  7d7 ,licensure of      
contract physicians  7#a7 ,in general   
,notwithstanding any law regarding the  
licensure of physicians1 a physician    
described in paragraph 7#b7 may conduct 
an examination pursuant to a contract   
entered into under subsection 7b7 at any
 location in any ,state1 the ,district  
of ,columbia1 or a ,commonwealth1       
territory1 or possession of the ,united 
,states1 so long as the examination is  
within the scope of the authorized      
duties under such contract4  7#b7       
,physician described ,a physician       

described in this paragraph is a        
physician who-- 7,a7 has a current      
license to practice the health care     
profession of the physician2 and  7,b7  
is performing authorized duties for the 
,department of ,veterans ,affairs       
pursuant to a contract entered into     
under subsection 7b74  4  7#b7 ,pilot   
program ,section #ejd of the ,veterans' 
,benefits ,improvement ,act of #aiif    
7#ch ,u4,s4,c4 #eaja note7 is amended-- 
7,a7 by redesignating subsections 7c7   
and 7d7 as subsections 7d7 and 7e71     
respectively2 and  7,b7 by inserting    
after subsection 7b7 the following new  
subsection 7c73  7c7 ,licensure of      
contract physicians  7#a7 ,in general   
,notwithstanding any law regarding the  
licensure of physicians1 a physician    
described in paragraph 7#b7 may conduct 
an examination pursuant to a contract   
entered into under subsection 7a7 at any
 location in any ,state1 the ,district  
of ,columbia1 or a ,commonwealth1       
territory1 or possession of the ,united 

,states1 so long as the examination is  
within the scope of the authorized      
duties under such contract4  7#b7       
,physician described ,a physician       
described in this paragraph is a        
physician who-- 7,a7 has a current      
license to practice the health care     
profession of the physician2 and  7,b7  
is performing authorized duties for the 
,department of ,veterans ,affairs       
pursuant to a contract entered into     
under subsection 7a74  4  7c7 ,expansion
 of pilot program ,subsection 7b7 of    
such section #ejd is amended to read as 
follows3  7b7 ,locations  7#a7 ,number  
,the ,secretary may carry out the pilot 
program under this section through not  
more than #ae regional offices of the   
,department of ,veterans ,affairs4  7#b7
 ,selection ,the ,secretary shall select
 the regional offices under paragraph   
7#a7 by analyzing appropriate data to   
determine the regional offices that     
require support4 ,such appropriate data 
shall include-- 7,a7 the number of      

backlogged claims2  7,b7 the total      
pending case workload2  7,c7 the length 
of time cases have been pending2  7,d7  
the accuracy of completed cases2  7,e7  
the overall timeliness of completed     
cases2  7,f7 the availability and       
workload of the examination units and   
physicians of the medical centers in the
 regional office2 and  7,g7 any other   
data the ,secretary determines          
appropriate4  7#c7 ,annual analysis ,the
 ,secretary shall carry out the data    
analysis of the regional offices under  
paragraph 7#b7 during each year in which
 the program under this section is      
carried out to determine the regional   
offices selected under paragraph 7#a7   
for such year4  4  #bjd4 ,improvement of
 mail processing by ,department of      
,veterans ,affairs ,not later than the  
date that is one year after the date of 
the enactment of this ,act1 the         
,secretary of ,veterans ,affairs shall  
develop and implement a plan to         
establish a uniform mail processing and 

scanning system throughout the regional 
offices of the ,veterans ,benefits      
,administration4  #bje4 ,review of      
practices of regional offices regarding 
use of suspense dates  7a7 ,review      
required ,not later than #ahj days after
 the date of the enactment of this ,act1
 the ,inspector ,general of the         
,department of ,veterans ,affairs shall 
conduct a review of the practices of    
regional offices of the ,department     
regarding the use of suspense dates     
during the disability claim assessment  
process4  7b7 ,report ,not later than   
#bgj days after the date of the         
enactment of this ,act1 the ,inspector  
,general of the ,department shall submit
 to ,congress a report on the findings  
of the ,inspector ,general with respect 
to the review conducted under subsection
 7a74  #bjf4 ,semiannual reports on     
progress in implementing ,veterans      
,benefits ,management ,system  7a7 ,in  
general ,not later than #ahj days after 
the date of the enactment of this ,act  

and not less frequently than once every 
#ahj days thereafter until the          
,inspector ,general of the ,department  
of ,veterans ,affairs certifies to      
,congress that the ,veterans ,benefits  
,management ,system is implemented and  
fully functional1 the ,secretary of     
,veterans ,affairs shall submit to      
,congress a report on the progress of   
the ,secretary in implementing the      
,veterans ,benefits ,management ,system4
  7b7 ,contents ,the report required by 
subsection 7a7 shall include the        
following3 7#a7 ,an assessment of the   
current functionality of the ,veterans  
,benefits ,management ,system1 including
 whether each component of the system is
 fully functional1 partially functional1
 or not functional4  7#b7 ,for each     
component of the system that is         
partially functional or not functional1 
an estimate of the date by which the    
,secretary expects the component to be  
fully functional4  7#c7 ,recommendations
 submitted to the ,secretary by         

employees of the ,department of         
,veterans ,affairs who are involved in  
processing claims for benefits under    
laws administered by the ,secretary1    
including veteran service               
representatives1 rating veteran service 
representatives1 and decision review    
officers1 for such legislative or       
administrative action as the employees  
consider appropriate to improve the     
processing of such claims4  #bjg4       
,annual report on capacity of ,veterans 
,benefits ,administration to process    
benefits claims  7a7 ,in general ,not   
later than one year after the date of   
the enactment of this ,act and not less 
frequently than once each year          
thereafter1 the ,secretary of ,veterans 
,affairs shall submit to the ,committee 
on ,veterans' ,affairs of the ,senate   
and the ,committee on ,veterans'        
,affairs of the ,house of               
,representatives a report on the        
capacity of the ,veterans ,benefits     
,administration to process claims for   

benefits under laws administered by the 
,secretary during the next one-year     
period4  7b7 ,contents ,each report     
submitted under subsection 7a7 shall    
include1 for the period covered by the  
report1 the following3 7#a7 ,the number 
of claims for benefits under laws       
administered by the ,secretary that the 
,secretary expects the ,veterans        
,benefits ,administration to process4   
7#b7 ,the number of full-time equivalent
 employees of the ,veterans ,benefits   
,administration who are dedicated to    
processing such claims4  7#c7 ,an       
estimate of the number of such claims a 
single full-time equivalent employee of 
the ,administration can process in a    
year4  7#d7 ,an assessment of whether   
the ,administration requires additional 
or fewer full-time equivalent employees 
to process such claims during the next  
#a-year1 #e-year1 and #aj-year periods4 
7c7 ,public availability ,the ,secretary
 shall make the report required by      
subsection 7a7 available to the public  

on an ,internet website of the          
,department of ,veterans ,affairs4      
#bjh4 ,increased transparency in ,monday
 ,morning ,workload ,report  7a7        
,disaggregation of claims by decisions  
requiring disability rating ,the        
,secretary of ,veterans ,affairs shall  
include in each ,monday ,morning        
,workload ,report published by the      
,secretary the number of claims for     
benefits under laws administered by the 
,secretary that have been received by a 
regional office of the ,department of   
,veterans ,affairs and are pending a    
decision1 disaggregated by-- 7#a7       
whether the claim has been pending for  
more than #abe days2 and  7#b7 whether  
the claim requires a decision concerning
 a disability rating4  7b7 ,inclusion of
 information on assignment of partial   
ratings ,the ,secretary of ,veterans    
,affairs shall include in each ,monday  
,morning ,workload ,report published by 
the ,secretary in the portion of the    
report entitled ,transformation and in  

the portion of the report entitled      
,aggregate the number of partial ratings
 assigned4  7c7 ,report on fully        
developed claims ,the ,secretary of     
,veterans ,affairs shall include in each
 ,monday ,morning ,workload ,report     
published by the ,secretary the         
following3 7#a7 ,the total number of    
fully developed claims for benefits     
under laws administered by the          
,secretary that-- 7,a7 have been        
received by a regional office of the    
,department of ,veterans ,affairs2 and  
7,b7 are pending a decision4  7#b7 ,the 
total number of such claims that have   
been pending for more than #abe days1   
disaggregated by station4  #bji4        
,reports on appeals of decisions on     
benefits claims  7a7 ,public            
availability ,the ,secretary of         
,veterans ,affairs shall make the       
reports of the ,department of ,veterans 
,affairs entitled ,appeals ,pending and 
,appeals ,workload ,by ,station         
available to the public on an ,internet 

website of the ,department4  7b7        
,appeals granted by station ,the        
,secretary shall include in one of the  
reports described in subsection 7a7 the 
percentage of appeals granted by        
station4  ,,iii ,government response    
#cja4 ,increased cooperation across     
,government  7a7 ,appointment of        
liaisons  7#a7 ,department of ,defense  
,the ,secretary of ,defense shall       
appoint individuals as follows3 7,a7 ,at
 least one individual to act as a       
liaison under this section between the  
,department of ,defense and the         
,department of ,veterans ,affairs4  7,b7
 ,at least one individual for each of   
the reserve components of the ,armed    
,forces to act as a liaison under this  
section between the respective component
 of the ,armed ,forces and the          
,department of ,veterans ,affairs4  7#b7
 ,social ,security ,administration ,the 
,commissioner of ,social ,security shall
 appoint at least one individual to act 
as a liaison under this section between 

the ,social ,security ,administration   
and the ,department of ,veterans        
,affairs4  7#c7 ,national ,archives and 
,records ,administration ,the ,archivist
 of the ,united ,states shall appoint at
 least one individual to act as a       
liaison under this section between the  
,social ,security ,administration and   
the ,department of ,veterans ,affairs4  
7b7 ,duties of liaisons ,each individual
 acting as a liaison under this section 
shall expedite the timely provision to  
the ,secretary of ,veterans ,affairs of 
such information as the ,secretary      
requires to process claims submitted to 
the ,secretary for benefits under laws  
administered by the ,secretary4  7c7    
,procedures  7#a7 ,in general ,the      
,secretary of ,veterans ,affairs1 the   
,secretary of ,defense1 the             
,commissioner of ,social ,security1 and 
the ,archivist of the ,united ,states   
shall jointly develop and implement     
procedures to improve the timely        
provision to the ,secretary of ,veterans

 ,affairs of such information as the    
,secretary requires to process claims   
submitted to the ,secretary for benefits
 under laws administered by the         
,secretary4  7#b7 ,timely provision ,the
 procedures developed and implemented   
under paragraph 7#a7 shall ensure that  
the information provided to the         
,secretary of ,veterans ,affairs is     
provided to the ,secretary not later    
than #cj days after the date on which   
the ,secretary requests the information4
  7d7 ,annual reports ,not less         
frequently than once each year1 the     
,secretary of ,veterans ,affairs shall  
submit to ,congress a report on-- 7#a7  
the requests for information made by the
 ,secretary during the most recent      
one-year period for information from the
 ,secretary of ,defense1 the            
,commissioner of ,social ,security1 and 
the ,archivist of the ,united ,states   
required by the ,secretary of ,veterans 
,affairs to process claims submitted to 
the ,secretary for benefits under laws  

administered by the ,secretary2 and     
7#b7 the timeliness of responses to such
 requests4  #cjb4 ,report on            
interoperability between electronic     
health records systems of ,department of
 ,defense and ,department of ,veterans  
,affairs ,not later than one year after 
the date of the enactment of this ,act1 
the ,secretary of ,defense and the      
,secretary of ,veterans ,affairs shall  
jointly submit to ,congress a report    
that sets forth a timeline with         
milestones for achieving                
interoperability between the electronic 
health records systems of the           
,department of ,defense and the         
,department of ,veterans ,affairs4