,,ii  #aac? ,,congress  #b;d ,session   
,s4 #bjbb  ,,9 ,,! ,,s5ate ,,( ,,!      
,,unit$ ,,/ates  ,febru>y #ab1 #bjad    
,mr4 ,rockefell] introduc$ ! foll[+     
bill2 :i* 0 read twice & ref]r$ to !    
,committee on ,comm]ce1 ,sci5ce1 &      
,transportation  ,a ,,bill  ,to e/abli% 
sci5tific /&>ds & protocols across =5sic
 discipl9es1 & = o!r purposes4  #a4     
,%ort title2 table ( cont5ts  7a7 ,%ort 
title  ,?is ,act may be cit$ z ! ,=5sic 
,sci5ce & ,/&>ds ,act ( #bjad4  7b7     
,table ( cont5ts ,! table ( cont5ts (   
?is ,act is z foll[s3 ,sec4 #a4 ,%ort   
title2 table ( cont5ts4 ,sec4 #b4       
,f9d+s4 ,sec4 #c4 ,def9itions4 ,sec4 #d4
 ,national =5sic sci5ce rese>* program4 
,sec4 #e4 ,=5sic sci5ce rese>* grants   
program4 ,sec4 #f4 ,=5sic sci5ce rese>* 
*all5ges4 ,sec4 #g4 ,=5sic sci5ce /&>ds4
 ,sec4 #h4 ,=5sic ,sci5ce ,advisory     
,committee4 ,sec4 #i4 ,adoption1        
accr$itation1 & c]tification4 ,sec4 #aj4
 ,national ,in/itute ( ,/&>ds &         
,te*nology functions4  #b4 ,f9d+s       

,congress f9ds t--  7#a7 at ! direction 
( ,congress1 ! ,national ,academy (     
,sci5ces l$ a compreh5sive review ( !   
/ate ( =5sic sci5ce & issu$ its f9d+s 9 
a #bjji report1 ,/r5g!n+ ,=5sic ,sci5ce 
9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates3 ,a ,pa? ,=w>d2  7#b7 
! report's f9d+s indicate ! ne$ =       
indep5d5t sci5tific rese>* to support ! 
f\ndation ( =5sic discipl9es2  7#c7 !   
report /resses ! ne$ = /&>ds 9 me?ods1  
data int]pretation1 & report+1 & !      
importance ( prev5t+ cognitive bias &   
mitigat+ human factors2 &  7#d7 accord+ 
to ! report1 =5sic sci5ce rese>* is n   
f9ancially well support$1 & !re is a ne$
 = a unifi$ /rategy = develop+ a =5sic  
sci5ce rese>* plan across ,f$]al        
ag5cies4  #c4 ,def9itions ,9 ?is ,act3  
7#a7 ,advisory ,committee ,! t]m        
,advisory ,committee means ! ,=5sic     
,sci5ce ,advisory ,committee e/abli%$ "u
 section #h4  7#b7 ,coord9at+ ,(fice ,! 
t]m ,coord9at+ ,(fice means ! ,national 
,=5sic ,sci5ce ,coord9at+ ,(fice        
e/abli%$ "u section #d4  7#c7 ,=5sic    

sci5ce  7,a7 ,9 g5]al ,! t]m =5sic      
sci5ce means ! basic & appli$ sci5tific 
rese>* applicable to ! collection1      
evaluation1 & analysis ( physical       
evid5ce1 includ+ digital evid5ce1 = use 
9 inve/igations & legal proce$+s1       
includ+ all te/s1 me?ods1 measurem5ts1 &
 proc$ures4  7,b7 ,appli$ sci5tific     
rese>* ,9 subp>agraph 7,a71 ! t]m appli$
 sci5tific rese>* means a sy/ematic /udy
 to ga9 k or und]/&+ necess>y to det]m9e
 ! means by :i* a recogniz$ & specific  
ne$ may be met4  7,c7 ,basic sci5tific  
rese>* ,9 subp>agraph 7,a71 ! t]m basic 
sci5tific rese>* means a sy/ematic /udy 
direct$ t[>d full] k or und]/&+ ( !     
fundam5tal aspects ( ph5om5a & (        
obs]vable facts )\t specific            
applications t[>ds processes or         
products4  7#d7 ,/&>ds developm5t       
organization ,! t]m /&>ds developm5t    
organization means a dome/ic or an      
int]national organization t plans1      
develops1 e/abli%es1 or coord9ates      
volunt>y cons5sus /&>ds us+ proc$ures t 

incorporate op5ness1 a balance (        
int]e/s1 cons5sus1 due process1 & an    
appeals process4  #d4 ,national =5sic   
sci5ce rese>* program  7a7 ,e/abli%m5t  
,!re %all be a national =5sic sci5ce    
rese>* program to improve1 exp&1 &      
coord9ate ,f$]al rese>* 9 ! =5sic       
sci5ces4  7b7 ,national ,academy (      
,sci5ces ,report on ,=5sic ,sci5ce ,!   
,director ( ! ,national ,sci5ce         
,f\ndation %all contract ) ! ,national  
,academy ( ,sci5ces to develop1 n lat]  
?an #ahj days aft] ! date ( enactm5t (  
?is ,act1 a report t--  7#a7 id5tifies !
 mo/ critical =5sic sci5ce discipl9es1  
:i* may include =5sic pa?ology & digital
 =5sics1 t require fur!r rese>* to      
/r5g!n ! sci5tific f\ndation 9 ^?       
discipl9es2 &  7#b7 makes recomm5dations
 reg>d+ rese>* t w help /r5g!n !        
sci5tific f\ndation 9 ! =5sic sci5ce    
discipl9es id5tifi$ "u p>agraph 7#a74   
7c7 ,national =5sic sci5ce coord9at+    
(fice  7#a7 ,e/abli%m5t ,!re is e/abli%$
 a ,national ,=5sic ,sci5ce ,coord9at+  

,(fice1 ) a director & full-"t /aff1 to 
be locat$ at ! ,national ,sci5ce        
,f\ndation4 ,! ,director ( ! ,coord9at+ 
,(fice %all be responsible = c>ry+ out !
 provisions ( ?is subsection4  7#b7     
,unifi$ ,f$]al rese>* /rategy ,!        
,coord9at+ ,(fice e/abli%$ "u p>agraph  
7#a7 %all coord9ate among relevant      
,f$]al dep>tm5ts1 ag5cies1 or (fices--  
7,a7 ! developm5t ( a unifi$ ,f$]al     
rese>* /rategy t--  7i7 specifies &     
prioritizes ! rese>* necess>y to enhance
 ! validity & reliability ( ! =5sic     
sci5ce discipl9es2 &  7ii7 is consi/5t )
 ! recomm5dations 9 ! ,national ,academy
 ( ,sci5ces report on =5sic sci5ce "u   
subsection 7b72  7,b7 ! developm5t ( a  
#e-ye> roadmap1 updat$ tri5nially       
!reaft]1 = ! unifi$ ,f$]al rese>*       
/rategy "u subp>agraph 7,a7 t includes a
 description (--  7i7 :i* dep>tm5t1     
ag5cy1 or (fice w c>ry out ea* specific 
elem5t ( ! unifi$ ,f$]al rese>* /rategy2
  7ii7 %ort-t]m & long-t]m priorities & 
objectives2 &  7iii7 common metrics &   

o!r evaluation crit]ia t w be us$ to    
assess progress t[>d a*iev+ ! priorities
 & objectives "u clause 7ii72 &  7,c7   
any necess>y programs1 policies1 &      
budgets to support ! implem5tation ( !  
roadmap "u subp>agraph 7,b74  7#c7      
,additional duties ,! ,coord9at+ ,(fice 
%all--  7,a7 evaluate annually !        
national =5sic sci5ce rese>* program to 
det]m9e :e!r x is a*iev+ its objectives2
 &  7,b7 report annually to ,congress ! 
f9d+s "u subp>agraph 7,a74  7#d7        
,deadl9es ,! ,coord9at+ ,(fice %all     
submit to ,congress--  7,a7 n lat] ?an  
#a ye> aft] ! date ( enactm5t ( ?is     
,act1 ! unifi$ ,f$]al rese>* /rategy "u 
p>agraph 7#b77;,a72  7,b7 n lat] ?an #a 
ye> aft] ! date ( enactm5t ( ?is ,act1 !
 initial #e-ye> roadmap "u p>agraph     
7#b77;,b72 &  7,c7 n lat] ?an #a mon?   
aft] ! date x is updat$1 ea* updat$     
#e-ye> roadmap "u p>agraph 7#b77;,b74   
#e4 ,=5sic sci5ce rese>* grants program 
7a7 ,e/abli%m5t ,n lat] ?an #a ye> aft] 
! date ( enactm5t ( ?is ,act1 !         

,national ,sci5ce ,f\ndation %all       
e/abli% a =5sic sci5ce rese>* grants    
program to improve ! f\ndation &        
practice ( =5sic sci5ce 9 ! ,unit$      
,/ates bas$ on ! recomm5dations 9 !     
unifi$ ,f$]al rese>* /rategy "u section 
#d4  7b7 ,m]it review ,ea* grant "u ?is 
section %all be aw>d$ on a m]it-review$1
 competitive basis4  7c7 ,publication ,!
 ,national ,sci5ce ,f\ndation %all      
support1 z appropriate1 ! publication ( 
rese>* results "u ?is section 9 s*ol>ly1
 pe]-review$ sci5tific j\rnals4  7d7    
,=5sic sci5ce rese>* c5t]s  7#a7 ,9     
g5]al ,z "p ( ! =5sic sci5ce rese>*     
grants program "u subsection 7a71 !     
,director ( ! ,national ,sci5ce         
,f\ndation %all e/abli% #b =5sic sci5ce 
rese>* c5t]s--  7,a7 to conduct rese>*  
consi/5t ) ! unifi$ ,f$]al rese>*       
/rategy "u section #d2  7,b7 to build   
relation%ips betwe5 =5sic sci5ce        
practition]s & memb]s ( ! rese>*        
community2  7,c7 to enc\rage & promote !
 education & tra9+ ( a div]se gr\p ( p  

to be lead]s 9 ! int]discipl9>y field ( 
=5sic sci5ce2 &  7,d7 to broadly        
dissem9ate ! results ( ! rese>* "u      
subp>agraph 7,a74  7#b7 ,t]ms (         
designation  7,a7 ,9 g5]al ,! ,director 
%all designate ea* =5sic sci5ce rese>*  
c5t] = a #d-ye> t]m4  7,b7 ,revocation  
,! ,director may revoke a designation "u
 subp>agraph 7,a7 if ! ,director        
det]m9es t ! =5sic sci5ce rese>* c5t] is
 n demon/rat+ adequate p]=mance4  7,c7  
,am\nt ( aw>d ,subject to subsection    
7f71 ! ,director %all aw>d a grant up to
 #aj1jjj1jjj to ea* =5sic sci5ce rese>* 
c5t]4 ,a grant aw>d$ "u ?is subp>agraph 
%all be = a p]iod ( #d ye>s4  7,d7      
,limitation on use ( funds ,no funds    
au?oriz$ "u ?is section may be us$ to   
con/ruct or r5ovate a build+ or         
/ructure4  7#c7 ,reports ,ea* =5sic     
sci5ce rese>* c5t] %all submit an annual
 report to ! ,director1 at su* "t & 9   
su* mann] z ! ,director may require1 t  
conta9s a description ( ! activities !  
c5t] c>ri$ out ) ! funds receiv$ "u ?is 

subsection1 includ+ a description ( h[  
^? activities satisfy ! requirem5t "u   
p>agraph 7#b77;,d74  7e7 ,evaluation    
7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,! ,director ( ! ,national
 ,sci5ce ,f\ndation %all conduct a      
compreh5sive evaluation ( ! =5sic sci5ce
 rese>* grants program e #d ye>s--  7,a7
 to det]m9e :e!r ! program is a*iev+ !  
objectives ( improv+ ! f\ndation &      
practice ( =5sic sci5ce 9 ! ,unit$      
,/ates2 &  7,b7 to evaluate ! ext5t to  
:i* ! program is contribut+ t[>d !      
priorities & objectives describ$ 9 !    
roadmap "u section #d7;c77#b77;,b74     
7#b7 ,report to ,congress ,! ,director (
 ! ,national ,sci5ce ,f\ndation %all    
report to ,congress ! results ( ea*     
compreh5sive evaluation "u p>agraph     
7#a74  7f7 ,au?orization (              
appropriations ,!re are au?oriz$ to be  
appropriat$ to ! ,national ,sci5ce      
,f\ndation to c>ry out ?is section--    
7#a7 #cg1jjj1jjj = fiscal ye> #bjad2    
7#b7 #dj1jjj1jjj = fiscal ye> #bjae2    
7#c7 #dc1jjj1jjj = fiscal ye> #bjaf2    

7#d7 #df1jjj1jjj = fiscal ye> #bjag2 &  
7#e7 #di1jjj1jjj = fiscal ye> #bjah4    
#f4 ,=5sic sci5ce rese>* *all5ges  7a7  
,prizes & *all5ges  7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,a    
,f$]al dep>tm5t1 ag5cy1 or (fice may    
assi/ 9 satisfy+ ! rese>* ne$s &        
priorities id5tifi$ 9 ! unifi$ ,f$]al   
rese>* /rategy "u section #d by us+     
prizes & *all5ges "u ! ,am]ica          
,,competes ,reau?orization ,act 7#abd   
,/at4 #cihb7 or "u any o!r provision (  
law1 z appropriate4  7#b7 ,purposes ,!  
purpose ( a prize or *all5ge "u ?is     
section1 among o!r possible purposes1   
may be--  7,a7 to det]m9e or develop !  
be/ data collection practices or        
analytical me?ods to evaluate a specific
 type ( =5sic data2 or  7,b7 to det]m9e 
! accuracy ( an analytical me?od4  7b7  
,=5sic evid5ce prizes & *all5ges  7#a7  
,9 g5]al ,a ,f$]al dep>tm5t1 ag5cy1 or  
(fice1 or multiple ,f$]al dep>tm5ts1    
ag5cies1 or (fices 9 coop]ation1 c>ry+  
out a prize or *all5ge "u ?is section-- 
7,a7 may e/abli% a prize advisory bo>d2 

&  7,b7 %all select ea* memb] ( ! prize 
advisory bo>d ) input f relevant ,f$]al 
dep>tm5ts1 ag5cies1 or (fices4  7#b7    
,prize advisory bo>d ,! prize advisory  
bo>d %all--  7,a7 id5tify #a or m types 
( =5sic evid5ce = purposes ( a prize or 
*all5ge2  7,b7 us+ ! samples "u p>agraph
 7#c71 recomm5d h[ to /ructure a prize  
or *all5ge t requires a competitor to   
develop a =5sic data collection         
practice1 an analytical me?od1 or a     
relevant approa* or te*nology to be te/$
 relative to a kn[n outcome or o!r      
propos$ judg+ me?odology2 &  7,c7 ?r\gh 
! ,coord9at+ ,(fice1 advise relevant    
,f$]al dep>tm5ts1 ag5cies1 or (fices 9  
design+ prizes or *all5ges t satisfy !  
rese>* ne$s & priorities id5tifi$ 9 !   
unifi$ ,f$]al rese>* /rategy "u section 
#d4  7#c7 ,samples ,! ,national         
,in/itute ( ,/&>ds & ,te*nology or !    
,dep>tm5t ( ,ju/ice %all provide or     
contract ) a non-,f$]al p>ty to prep>e1 
= ea* type ( =5sic evid5ce "u p>agraph  
7#b77;,a71 a suffici5t set ( samples1   

includ+ associat$ digital data t c\ld be
 %>$ )\t limitation & physical specim5s 
t c\ld be %>$ ) qualifi$ p>ties1 =      
purposes ( a prize or *all5ge4  7#d7    
,f+]pr9t data int]op]ability ,at lea/ #a
 prize or *all5ge "u ?is section %all be
 focus$ on a*iev+ nationwide f+]pr9t    
data int]op]ability if ! prize advisory 
bo>d1 ! ,coord9at+ ,(fice1 or a ,f$]al  
dep>tm5t1 ag5cy1 or (fice id5tifies an  
area :]e a prize or *all5ge w assi/ 9   
satisfy+ a /rategy relat$ to ?is issue4 
#g4 ,=5sic sci5ce /&>ds  7a7 ,e/abli%m5t
  7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,! ,national ,in/itute (
 ,/&>ds & ,te*nology %all--  7,a7       
id5tify or coord9ate ! developm5t (     
=5sic sci5ce /&>ds to enhance ! validity
 & reliability ( =5sic sci5ce           
activities1 includ+--  7i7 au?oritative 
me?ods1 /&>ds1 & te*nical guidance1     
includ+ protocols & be/ practices1 =    
=5sic measurem5ts1 analysis1 &          
int]pretation2  7ii7 te*nical /&>ds =   
products & s]vices us$ by =5sic sci5ce  
practition]s2  7iii7 /&>d cont5t1       

t]m9ology1 & p>amet]s to be us$ 9       
report+ & te/ify+ on ! results &        
int]pretation ( =5sic sci5ce            
measurem5ts1 te/s1 & proc$ures2 &  7iv7 
/&>ds to provide = ! int]op]ability (   
=5sic sci5ce-relat$ te*nology &         
databases2  7,b7 te/ & validate exi/+   
=5sics /&>ds1 z appropriate2 &  7,c7    
provide indep5d5t validation ( =5sic    
sci5ce measurem5ts & me?ods4  7#b7      
,consultation  7,a7 ,9 g5]al ,9 c>ry+   
out its responsibilities "u p>agraph    
7#a71 ! ,national ,in/itute ( ,/&>ds &  
,te*nology %all consult )--  7i7 /&>ds  
developm5t organizations & o!r          
/akehold]s1 includ+ relevant ,f$]al     
dep>tm5ts1 ag5cies1 & (fices2 &  7ii7   
te/+ laboratories & accr$itation bodies 
to ensure t products & s]vices meet     
necess>y p]=mance levels4  7#c7         
,prioritization ,:5 prioritiz+ its      
responsibilities "u p>agraph 7#a71 !    
,national ,in/itute ( ,/&>ds &          
,te*nology %all consid]--  7,a7 ! unifi$
 ,f$]al rese>* /rategy "u section #d2 & 

7,b7 ! recomm5dations ( any exp]t work+ 
gr\p "u subsection 7b74  7#d7 ,report to
 ,congress ,! ,director ( ! ,national   
,in/itute ( ,/&>ds & ,te*nology %all    
report annually1 ) ! ,presid5t's budget 
reque/1 to ,congress on ! progress 9    
c>ry+ out ! ,national ,in/itute ( ,/&>ds
 & ,te*nology's responsibilities "u     
p>agraph 7#a74  7b7 ,exp]t work+ gr\ps  
7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,! ,director ( ! ,national
 ,in/itute ( ,/&>ds & ,te*nology may    
e/abli% #a or m discipl9e-specific exp]t
 work+ gr\ps to id5tify gaps1 areas (   
ne$1 & opportunities = /&>ds developm5t 
) respect to =5sic sci5ce4  7#b7 ,memb]s
 ,a memb] ( an exp]t work+ gr\p %all--  
7,a7 be appo9t$ by ! ,director ( !      
,national ,in/itute ( ,/&>ds &          
,te*nology2  7,b7 h significant         
academic1 rese>*1 or practical exp]tise 
9 a discipl9e ( =5sic sci5ce or 9 ano!r 
area relevant to ! purpose ( ! exp]t    
work+ gr\p2 &  7,c7 balance sci5tific   
rigor ) practical & regulatory          
con/ra9ts4  7#c7 ,f$]al ,advisory       

,committee ,act ,an exp]t work+ gr\p    
e/abli%$ "u ?is subsection %all n be    
subject to ! ,f$]al ,advisory ,committee
 ,act 7#e ,u4,s4,c4 ,app474  7c7        
,au?orization ( appropriations ,!re are 
au?oriz$ to be appropriat$ to !         
,national ,in/itute ( ,/&>ds &          
,te*nology to c>ry out ?is section--    
7#a7 #ab1jjj1jjj = fiscal ye> #bjad2    
7#b7 #bj1jjj1jjj = fiscal ye> #bjae2    
7#c7 #bg1jjj1jjj = fiscal ye> #bjaf2    
7#d7 #ce1jjj1jjj = fiscal ye> #bjag2 &  
7#e7 #dc1jjj1jjj = fiscal ye> #bjah4    
#h4 ,=5sic ,sci5ce ,advisory ,committee 
7a7 ,e/abli%m5t ,! ,director ( !        
,national ,in/itute ( ,/&>ds &          
,te*nology & ! ,attorney ,g5]al1 9      
collaboration ) ! ,director ( !         
,national ,sci5ce ,f\ndation1 %all      
e/abli% a ,=5sic ,sci5ce ,advisory      
,committee4  7b7 ,duties ,! ,advisory   
,committee %all provide advice to--     
7#a7 ! ,f$]al dep>tm5ts1 ag5cies1 &     
(fices implem5t+ ! unifi$ ,f$]al rese>* 
/rategy "u section #d2  7#b7 ! ,national

 ,in/itute ( ,/&>ds & ,te*nology1       
includ+ recomm5dations reg>d+ !         
,national ,in/itute ( ,/&>ds &          
,te*nology's responsibilities "u section
 #g2 &  7#c7 ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,ju/ice1     
includ+ recomm5dations reg>d+ !         
,dep>tm5t ( ,ju/ice's responsibilities  
"u section #i4  7c7 ,subcommittees ,!   
,advisory ,committee may =m             
subcommittees relat$ to specific        
discipl9es 9 =5sic sci5ce or z necess>y 
to fur!r its duties "u subsection 7b74  
,a subcommittee may include an          
individual :o is n a memb] ( ! ,advisory
 ,committee4  7d7 ,*airs ,! ,director ( 
! ,national ,in/itute ( ,/&>ds &        
,te*nology & ! ,attorney ,g5]al1 or _!  
designees1 %all co-*air ! ,advisory     
,committee4  7e7 ,memb]%ip ,! ,director 
( ! ,national ,in/itute ( ,/&>ds &      
,te*nology & ! ,attorney ,g5]al1 9      
consultation ) ! ,director ( ! ,national
 ,sci5ce ,f\ndation1 %all appo9t ea*    
memb] ( ! ,advisory ,committee4 ,!      
,advisory ,committee %all include       

balanc$ repres5tation betwe5 =5sic      
sci5ce discipl9es 7includ+ academic     
sci5ti/s1 /ati/icians1 social sci5ti/s1 
eng9e]s1 & repres5tatives ( o!r relat$  
sci5tific discipl9es7 & relevant =5sic  
sci5ce applications 7includ+ ,f$]al1    
,/ate1 & local repres5tatives ( ! =5sic 
sci5ce community1 ! legal community1    
victim advocate organizations1 & law    
en=cem5t74  7f7 ,adm9i/ration ,!        
,attorney ,g5]al %all provide           
adm9i/rative support to ! ,advisory     
,committee4  7g7 ,f$]al ,advisory       
,committee ,act ,! ,advisory ,committee 
e/abli%$ "u ?is section %all n be       
subject to section #ad ( ! ,f$]al       
,advisory ,committee ,act 7#e ,u4,s4,c4 
,app474  #i4 ,adoption1 accr$itation1 & 
c]tification ,! ,attorney ,g5]al--  7#a7
 %all promote ! adoption ( =5sic sci5ce 
/&>ds develop$ "u section #g1 includ+-- 
7,a7 by requir+ ea* ,f$]al =5sic        
laboratory to adopt ! =5sic sci5ce      
/&>ds2  7,b7 by enc\rag+ ea* non-,f$]al 
=5sic laboratory to adopt ! =5sic sci5ce

 /&>ds2  7,c7 by promot+ accr$itation & 
c]tification requirem5ts bas$ on ! =5sic
 sci5ce /&>ds2 &  7,d7 by promot+ any   
recomm5dations made by ! ,advisory      
,committee = adoption & implem5tation ( 
=5sic sci5ce /&>ds2 &  7#b7 may promote 
! adoption ( ! =5sic sci5ce /&>ds z a   
condition ( ,f$]al fund+ or = inclusion 
9 national data sets4  #aj4 ,national   
,in/itute ( ,/&>ds & ,te*nology         
functions ,section #b7;b7 ( ! ,national 
,in/itute ( ,/&>ds & ,te*nology ,act    
7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #bgb7;b77 is am5d$--     
7#a7 9 p>agraph 7#ab71 by /rik+ & aft] !
 semicolon2  7#b7 9 p>agraph 7#ac71 by  
/rik+ ! p]iod at ! end & ins]t+ 2 &2 &  
7#c7 by add+ at ! end ! foll[+3  7#ad7  
to id5tify & coord9ate ! developm5t (   
=5sic sci5ce /&>ds to enhance ! validity
 & reliability ( =5sic sci5ce           
activities4  4