,,ii  #aac? ,,congress  #a/ ,session    
,s4 #agij  ,,9 ,,! ,,s5ate ,,( ,,!      
,,unit$ ,,/ates  ,decemb] #aj1 #bjac,mr4
 ,coons introduc$ ! foll[+ bill2 :i* 0  
read twice & ref]r$ to ! ,committee on !
 ,judici>y  ,a ,,bill  ,to mod]nize     
laws1 & elim9ate discrim9ation1 )       
respect to p liv+ ) ,,hiv_/,,aids1 & =  
o!r purposes4  #a4 ,%ort title ,?is ,act
 may be cit$ z ! ,repeal ,exi/+         
,policies t ,enc\rage & ,all[ ,legal    
,,hiv ,discrim9ation ,act ( #bjac or !  
,,repeal ,,hiv ,discrim9ation ,act (    
#bjac4  #b4 ,f9d+s ,! ,congress makes ! 
foll[+ f9d+s3 7#a7 ,at pres5t1 #cb      
,/ates & #b ,unit$ ,/ates t]ritories h  
crim9al /atutes bas$ on p]ceiv$ exposure
 to ,,hiv1 r ?an actual transmission (  
,,hiv to ano!r4 ,?irte5 ,/ates h        
,,hiv-specific laws t make spitt+ or    
bit+ a felony1 ev5 ?\gh x is n possible 
to transmit ,,hiv via saliva4  7#b7     
,accord+ to ! ,c5t]s = ,disease ,control
 & ,prev5tion 7,,cdc71 ,,hiv is only    
transmitt$ ?r\gh blood1 sem51 vag9al    

fluid1 & brea/ milk4  7#c7 ,prosecutions
 = p]ceiv$ exposure1 nondisclosure1 or  
un9t5tional transmission ( ,,hiv h      
occurr$ 9 at lea/ #ci ,/ates "u g5]al or
 ,,hiv-specific laws4  7#d7 ,ev5 9 !    
abs5ce ( ,,hiv transmission1 p liv+ )   
,,hiv h be5 giv5 s5t5ces ( up to #ce    
ye>s bas$ on exagg]at$ fe>s ( ,,hiv1    
reg>dless ( actual risk ( transmission4 
7#e7 ,/ate & ,f$]al crim9al law does n  
curr5tly reflect ! ?ree decades ( m$ical
 advances & discov]ies made ) reg>d to  
transmission & treatm5t ( ,,hiv4  7#f7  
,accord+ to ,,cdc1 correct & consi/5t   
male or female condom use is v effective
 9 prev5t+ ,,hiv transmission4 ,h[ev]1  
mo/ ,/ate ,,hiv-specific laws &         
prosecutions d n treat ! use ( a condom 
dur+ sexual int]c\rse z a mitigat+      
factor or evid5ce t ! def5dant did n    
int5d to transmit ,,hiv4  7#g7 ,crim9al 
laws & prosecutions d n take into acc\nt
 ! b5efits ( effective antiretroviral   
m$ications1 :i* r$uce ! ,,hiv virus to  
undetectable levels & fur!r r$uce !     

already l[ risk ( transmitt+ ! ,,hiv to 
ne>-z]o4  7#h7 ,al?\gh ,,hiv_/,,aids    
curr5tly is view$ z a treatable1 *ronic1
 m$ical condition1 p liv+ ) ,,hiv h be5 
*>g$ "u aggravat$ assault1 attempt$     
murd]1 & ev5 biot]rorism /atutes because
 prosecutors1 c\rts1 & legislators      
cont9ue to view & *>act]ize ! blood1    
sem51 & saliva ( p liv+ ) ,,hiv z a     
deadly weapon4  7#i7 ,multiple          
pe]-review$ /udies demon/rate t         
,,hiv-specific laws d n r$uce risk-tak+ 
behavior or increase disclosure by p    
liv+ ) or at risk ( ,,hiv1 & !re is     
increas+ evid5ce t ^! laws r$uce !      
will+ness to get te/$4 ,fur!rmore1 plac+
 legal responsibility = prev5t+ !       
transmission ( ,,hiv & o!r pa?og5s      
exclusively on p diagnos$ ) ,,hiv1 & )\t
 consid]ation ( o!r pa?og5s t c be      
sexually transmitt$1 und]m9es ! public  
heal? message t all p %\ld practice     
behaviors t protect !mselves & _! p>tn]s
 f ,,hiv & o!r sexually transmitt$      
diseases4  7#aj7 ,! id5tity ( an        

individual accus$ ( violat+ exi/+       
,,hiv-specific re/rictions is broadca/  
?r\gh m$ia reports1 pot5tially de/roy+  
employm5t opportunities & relation%ips &
 violat+ ! p]son's "r to privacy4  7#aa7
 ,individuals :o are convict$ = ,,hiv   
exposure1 nondisclosure1 or transmission
 (t5 mu/ regi/] z sex (f5d]s ev5 9 cases
 ( cons5sual sexual activity4 ,_!       
employability is de/roy$ & _! family    
relation%ips are fractur$4  7#ab7 ,!    
,unit$ ,nations1 includ+ ! ,jo9t ,unit$ 
,nations ,programme on ,,hiv_/,,aids    
7,,unaids71 urges gov]nm5ts to limit    
crim9alization to cases ( int5tional    
transmission4 ,su* requirem5t indicates 
a situation :]e a p]son kn[s 8 or h]    
,,hiv-positive /atus1 acts ) ! int5tion 
to transmit ,,hiv1 & does 9 fact        
transmit x4 ,,unaids also recomm5ds t   
crim9al law %\ld n be appli$ to cases   
:]e !re is no significant risk (        
transmission4  7#ac7 ,! ,global         
,commission on ,,hiv & ! ,law 0 laun*$ 9
 ,june #bjaj to exam9e laws & practices 

t crim9alize p liv+ ) & vuln]able to    
,,hiv & to develop evid5ce-bas$         
recomm5dations = effective ,,hiv        
responses4 ,! ,commission calls =       
gov]nm5ts1 civil society & int]national 
bodies to repeal punitive laws & enact  
laws t facilitate & enable effective    
responses to ,,hiv prev5tion1 c>e &     
treatm5t s]vices = all :o ne$ !m4 ,!    
,commission recomm5ds aga9/ ! enactm5t (
 laws t explicitly crim9alise ,,hiv     
transmission1 exposure or non-disclosure
 ( ,,hiv /atus1 :i* are c\nt]productive4
  7#ad7 ,9 #bjaj1 ! ,presid5t releas$ a 
,national ,,hiv_/,,aids ,/rategy        
7,,nhas71 :i* address$ ,,hiv-specific   
crim9al laws1 /at+3 ,while we und]/& !  
int5t beh9d ^! laws1 !y may n h ! desir$
 effect & !y may make p less will+ to   
disclose _! /atus by mak+ p feel at ev5 
great] risk ( discrim9ation4 ,9 "s      
cases1 x may be appropriate =           
legislators to reconsid] :e!r exi/+ laws
 cont9ue to fur!r ! public int]e/ &     
public heal?4 ,9 _m in/ances1 ! cont9u$ 

exi/5ce & en=cem5t ( ^! types ( laws run
 c\nt] to sci5tific evid5ce ab\t r\tes (
 ,,hiv transmission & may und]m9e !     
public heal? goals ( promot+ ,,hiv      
scre5+ & treatm5t44 ,! ,,nhas also /ates
 t ,/ate legislatures %\ld consid]      
review+ ,,hiv-specific crim9al /atutes  
to ensure t !y are consi/5t ) curr5t k (
 ,,hiv transmission & support public    
heal? approa*es to prev5t+ & treat+     
,,hiv4  7#ae7 ,9 ,febru>y #bjac1 !      
,presid5t's ,advisory ,c\ncil on ,,aids 
7,,pa*a7 pass$ a resolution /at+ all    
,u4,s4 law %\ld be consi/5t ) curr5t    
m$ical & sci5tific k & accept$ human    
rights-bas$ approa*es to disease control
 & prev5tion & avoid imposition (       
unw>rant$ puni%m5t bas$ on heal? &      
disability /atus4  #c4 ,s5se ( ,congress
 reg>d+ laws or regulations direct$ at p
 liv+ ) ,,hiv_/,,aids ,x is ! s5se (    
,congress t ,f$]al & ,/ate laws1        
policies1 & regulations reg>d+ p liv+ ) 
,,hiv_/,,aids-- 7#a7 %\ld n place unique
 or additional burd5s on su* individuals

 solely z a result ( _! ,,hiv /atus2 &  
7#b7 %\ld in/ead demon/rate a public    
heal?-ori5t$1 evid5ce-bas$1 m$ically    
accurate1 & contempor>y und]/&+ (-- 7,a7
 ! multiple factors t lead to ,,hiv     
transmission2  7,b7 ! relative risk (   
demon/rat$ ,,hiv transmission r\tes2    
7,c7 ! curr5t heal? implications ( liv+ 
) ,,hiv2  7,d7 ! associat$ b5efits (    
treatm5t & support s]vices = p liv+ )   
,,hiv2 &  7,e7 ! impact ( punitive      
,,hiv-specific laws1 policies1          
regulations1 & judicial prec$5ts &      
decisions on public heal?1 on p liv+ )  
or affect$ by ,,hiv1 & on _! families & 
communities4  #d4 ,review ( ,f$]al &    
,/ate laws  7a7 ,review ( ,f$]al & ,/ate
 laws  7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,n lat] ?an #ij    
days aft] ! date ( ! enactm5t ( ?is     
,act1 ! ,attorney ,g5]al1 ! ,secret>y ( 
,heal? & ,human ,s]vices1 & ! ,secret>y 
( ,def5se act+ jo9tly 79 ?is section    
ref]r$ to z ! designat$ (ficials7 %all  
initiate a national review ( ,f$]al &   
,/ate laws1 policies1 regulations1 &    

judicial prec$5ts & decisions reg>d+    
crim9al & relat$ civil commitm5t cases  
involv+ p liv+ ) ,,hiv_/,,aids1 includ+ 
9 reg>d to ! ,uni=m ,code ( ,milit>y    
,ju/ice4  7#b7 ,consultation ,9 c>ry+   
out ! review "u p>agraph 7#a71 !        
designat$ (ficials %all seek to include 
div]se p>ticipation f1 & consultation )1
 ea* ( ! foll[+3 7,a7 ,ea* ,/ate4  7,b7 
,/ate attorneys g5]al 7or _!            
repres5tatives74  7,c7 ,/ate public     
heal? (ficials 7or _! repres5tatives74  
7,d7 ,/ate judicial & c\rt sy/em (fic]s1
 includ+ judges1 di/rict attorneys1     
prosecutors1 def5se attorneys1 law      
en=cem5t1 & correctional (fic]s4  7,e7  
,memb]s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,arm$ ,=ces1  
includ+ memb]s ( o!r ,f$]al s]vices     
subject to ! ,uni=m ,code ( ,milit>y    
,ju/ice4  7,f7 ,p liv+ ) ,,hiv_/,,aids1 
p>ticul>ly ^? :o h be5 subject to       
,,hiv-relat$ prosecution or :o are f    
communities ^: memb]s h be5             
disproportionately subject to           
,,hiv-specific arre/s & prosecution4    

7,g7 ,legal advocacy & ,,hiv_/,,aids    
s]vice organizations t "w ) p liv+ )    
,,hiv_/,,aids4  7,h7 ,nongov]nm5tal     
heal? organizations t "w on behalf ( p  
liv+ ) ,,hiv_/,,aids4  7,i7 ,trade      
organizations or associations repres5t+ 
p]sons or entities describ$ 9           
subp>agraphs 7,a7 ?r\gh 7,g74  7#c7     
,relation to o!r reviews ,9 c>ry+ out ! 
review "u p>agraph 7#a71 ! designat$    
(ficials may utilize o!r exi/+ reviews (
 crim9al & relat$ civil commitm5t cases 
involv+ p liv+ ) ,,hiv_/,,aids1 includ+ 
any su* review conduct$ by any ,f$]al or
 ,/ate ag5cy or any public heal?1 legal 
advocacy1 or trade organization or      
association if ! designat$ (ficials     
det]m9e t su* reviews 7 conduct$ 9      
accordance ) ! pr9ciples set =? 9       
section #c4  7b7 ,report ,n lat] ?an    
#ahj days aft] initiat+ ! review requir$
 by subsection 7a71 ! ,attorney ,g5]al  
%all transmit to ! ,congress & make     
publicly available a report conta9+ !   
results ( ! review1 :i* includes !      

foll[+3 7#a7 ,= ea* ,/ate & = ! ,uni=m  
,code ( ,milit>y ,ju/ice1 a summ>y ( !  
relevant laws1 policies1 regulations1 & 
judicial prec$5ts & decisions reg>d+    
crim9al cases involv+ p liv+ )          
,,hiv_/,,aids1 includ+ ! foll[+3 7,a7 ,a
 det]m9ation ( :e!r su* laws1 policies1 
regulations1 & judicial prec$5ts &      
decisions place any unique or additional
 burd5s ^u p liv+ ) ,,hiv_/,,aids4  7,b7
 ,a det]m9ation ( :e!r su* laws1        
policies1 regulations1 & judicial       
prec$5ts & decisions demon/rate a public
 heal?-ori5t$1 evid5ce-bas$1 m$ically   
accurate1 & contempor>y und]/&+ (-- 7i7 
! multiple factors t lead to ,,hiv      
transmission2  7ii7 ! relative risk (   
,,hiv transmission r\tes2  7iii7 !      
curr5t heal? implications ( liv+ )      
,,hiv2  7iv7 ! associat$ b5efits (      
treatm5t & support s]vices = p liv+ )   
,,hiv2 &  7v7 ! impact ( punitive       
,,hiv-specific laws & policies on public
 heal?1 on p liv+ ) or affect$ by ,,hiv1
 & on _! families & communities4  7,c7  

,an analysis ( ! public heal? & legal   
implications ( su* laws1 policies1      
regulations1 & judicial prec$5ts &      
decisions1 includ+ an analysis ( !      
consequ5ces ( hav+ a simil> p5al s*eme  
appli$ to comp>able situations involv+  
o!r communicable diseases4  7,d7 ,an    
analysis ( ! proportionality ( puni%m5ts
 impos$ "u ,,hiv-specific laws1         
policies1 regulations1 & judicial       
prec$5ts1 tak+ into consid]ation        
p5alties atta*$ to violation ( ,/ate    
laws aga9/ simil> degrees ( endang]m5t  
or h>m1 su* z driv+ :ile intoxicat$     
7,,dwi7 or transmission ( o!r           
communicable diseases1 or m s]i\s h>ms1 
su* z vehicul> manslaught] (f5ses4  7#b7
 ,an analysis ( common elem5ts %>$      
betwe5 ,/ate laws1 policies1            
regulations1 & judicial prec$5ts4  7#c7 
,a set ( be/ practice recomm5dations    
direct$ to ,/ate gov]nm5ts1 includ+     
,/ate attorneys g5]al1 public heal?     
(ficials1 & judicial (fic]s1 9 ord] to  
ensure t laws1 policies1 regulations1 & 

judicial prec$5ts reg>d+ p liv+ )       
,,hiv_/,,aids are 9 accordance ) !      
pr9ciples set =? 9 section #c4  7#d7    
,recomm5dations = adju/m5ts to ! ,uni=m 
,code ( ,milit>y ,ju/ice1 z may be      
necess>y1 9 ord] to ensure t laws1      
policies1 regulations1 & judicial       
prec$5ts reg>d+ p liv+ ) ,,hiv_/,,aids  
are 9 accordance ) ! pr9ciples set =? 9 
section #c4  7c7 ,guidance ,)9 #ij days 
( ! release ( ! report requir$ by       
subsection 7b71 ! ,attorney ,g5]al & !  
,secret>y ( ,heal? & ,human ,s]vices1   
act+ jo9tly1 %all develop & publicly    
release updat$ guidance = ,/ates bas$ on
 ! set ( be/ practice recomm5dations    
requir$ by subsection 7b77#c7 9 ord] to 
assi/ ,/ates deal+ ) crim9al & relat$   
civil commitm5t cases reg>d+ p liv+ )   
,,hiv_/,,aids4  7d7 ,monitor+ &         
evaluation sy/em ,)9 #fj days ( !       
release ( ! guidance requir$ by         
subsection 7c71 ! ,attorney ,g5]al & !  
,secret>y ( ,heal? & ,human ,s]vices1   
act+ jo9tly1 %all e/abli% an integrat$  

monitor+ & evaluation sy/em :i*         
includes1 :]e appropriate1 objective &  
quantifiable p]=mance goals & indicators
 to measure progress t[>d /atewide      
implem5tation 9 ea* ,/ate ( ! be/       
practice recomm5dations requir$ 9       
subsection 7b77#c74  7e7 ,mod]nization (
 ,f$]al laws1 policies1 & regulations   
,)9 #ij days ( ! release ( ! report     
requir$ by subsection 7b71 ! designat$  
(ficials %all develop & transmit to !   
,presid5t & ! ,congress1 & make publicly
 available1 su* proposals z may be      
necess>y to implem5t adju/m5ts to ,f$]al
 laws1 policies1 or regulations1 includ+
 to ! ,uni=m ,code ( ,milit>y ,ju/ice1  
bas$ on ! recomm5dations requir$ by     
subsection 7b77#d71 ei!r ?r\gh          
,executive ord] or ?r\gh *anges to      
/atutory law4  #e4 ,rule ( con/ruction  
,no?+ 9 ?is ,act %all be con/ru$ to     
disc\rage ! prosecution ( individuals :o
 int5tionally transmit or attempt to    
transmit ,,hiv to ano!r individual4  #f4
 ,no additional appropriations au?oriz$ 

,?is ,act %all n be con/ru$ to increase 
! am\nt ( appropriations t are au?oriz$ 
to be appropriat$ = any fiscal ye>4  #g4
 ,def9itions ,= purposes ( ?is ,act3    
7#a7 ,,hiv & ,,hiv_/,,aids ,! t]ms ,,hiv
 & ,,hiv_/,,aids h ! mean+s giv5 to su* 
t]ms 9 section #bfhi ( ! ,public ,heal? 
,s]vice ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4             
#cjj;ff-#hh74  7#b7 ,/ate ,! t]m ,/ate  
includes ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1        
,am]ican ,samoa1 ! ,commonweal? ( !     
,nor!rn ,m>iana ,isl&s1 ,guam1 ,pu]to   
,rico1 & ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,virg9 ,isl&s4