,,ii  #aac? ,,congress  #a/ ,session    
,s4 #afci  ,,9 ,,! ,,s5ate ,,( ,,!      
,,unit$ ,,/ates  ,novemb] #d1 #bjac ,mr4
 ,m>key introduc$ ! foll[+ bill2 :i* 0  
read twice & ref]r$ to ! ,committee on  
,comm]ce1 ,sci5ce1 & ,transportation  ,a
 ,,bill  ,to am5d ! ,,faa ,mod]nization 
& ,re=m ,act ( #bjab to provide guidance
 & limitations reg>d+ ! integration (   
unmann$ aircraft sy/ems into ,unit$     
,/ates airspace1 & = o!r purposes4  #a4 
,%ort title ,?is ,act may be cit$ z !   
,drone ,aircraft ,privacy & ,transp>5cy 
,act ( #bjac4  #b4 ,f9d+s ,congress f9ds
 ! foll[+3  7#a7 ,on ,febru>y #ad1      
#bjab1 ,presid5t ,obama sign$ ! ,,faa   
,mod]nization & ,re=m ,act ( #bjab      
7,public ,law #aab-ie2 #di ,u4,s4,c4    
#djaja note7 into law1 & sections #cca  
?r\gh #ccf ( su* ,act require ! ,f$]al  
,aviation ,adm9i/ration to fully        
integrate gov]nm5t1 comm]cial1 &        
recreational unmann$ aircraft sy/ems1   
commonly kn[n z drones1 into ,unit$     
,/ates airspace by ,octob] #bjae4  7#b7 

,unmann$ aircraft sy/ems h traditionally
 be5 us$ almo/ exclusively ov]seas by   
milit>y & security organizations2 h[ev]1
 ,/ate & local gov]nm5ts1 bus9esses1 &  
private individuals are increas+ly us+  
unmann$ aircraft sy/ems 9 ! ,unit$      
,/ates1 includ+ deploym5ts = law        
en=cem5t op]ations4  7#c7 ,z ! te*nology
 advances & ! co/ decreases--unmann$    
aircraft sy/ems are already ord]s (     
magnitude less exp5sive to pur*ase &    
op]ate ?an pilot$ aircraft--! m>ket =   
,f$]al1 ,/ate1 & local gov]nm5t &       
comm]cial unmann$ aircraft sy/ems is    
rapidly gr[+4  7#d7 ,x has be5 e/imat$  
!re c\ld be z _m z #cj1jjj unmann$      
aircraft sy/ems 9 ! sky 9 ! ,unit$      
,/ates by #bjbj4  7#e7 ,!re w no d\bt be
 _m b5eficial applications ( ?is        
te*nology1 = z ,secret>y (              
,transportation ,ray ,la,hood said 9 a  
/atem5t on ,m>* #g1 #bjab1 ,unmann$     
aircraft c help u meet a numb] (        
*all5ges1 f spott+ wildfires to assess+ 
natural disa/]s44  7#f7 ,h[ev]1 !re also

 is ! pot5tial = unmann$ aircraft sy/em 
te*nology to enable invasive & p]vasive 
surveillance )\t adequate privacy       
protections1 & curr5tly1 no explicit    
privacy protections or public transp>5cy
 measures ) respect to su* sy/em        
te*nology are built into ! law4  7#g7   
,f$]al /&>ds = in=m+ ! public & protect+
 individual privacy ) respect to unmann$
 aircraft sy/ems are ne$$4  #c4         
,guidance & limitations reg>d+ unmann$  
aircraft sy/ems  7a7 ,9 g5]al ,subtitle 
,b ( title ,,iii ( ! ,,faa ,mod]nization
 & ,re=m ,act ( #bjab 7,public ,law     
#aab-ie2 #di ,u4,s4,c4 #djaja note7 is  
am5d$ by add+ at ! end ! foll[+ new     
sections3  #ccg4 ,privacy /udy & report 
7a7 ,/udy ,! ,secret>y (                
,transportation1 9 consultation ) !     
,secret>y ( ,comm]ce1 ! ,*airman ( !    
,f$]al ,trade ,commission1 & ! ,*ief    
,privacy ,(fic] ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,homel& 
,security1 %all c>ry out a /udy t       
id5tifies any pot5tial ?reats to privacy
 protections pos$ by ! integration (    

unmann$ aircraft sy/ems into ! national 
airspace sy/em1 includ+ any pot5tial    
violations ( ! privacy pr9ciples4  7b7  
,report ,n lat] ?an #ahj days aft] !    
date ( ! enactm5t ( ?is section1 !      
,secret>y ( ,transportation %all submit 
a report on ! /udy conduct$ "u          
subsection 7a7 to--  7#a7 ! ,committee  
on ,transportation & ,infra/ructure1 !  
,committee on ,en]gy & ,comm]ce1 & !    
,committee on ,homel& ,security ( !     
,h\se ( ,repres5tatives2 &  7#b7 !      
,committee on ,comm]ce1 ,sci5ce1 &      
,transportation1 ! ,committee on        
,environm5t & ,public ,works1 & !       
,committee on ,homel& ,security &       
,gov]nm5tal ,affairs ( ! ,s5ate4  #cch4 
,rulemak+ ,z "p ( ! rulemak+ process    
requir$ "u section #ccb7;b77#a7 & ! f9al
 rule adopt$ "u su* section1 ! ,secret>y
 ( ,transportation %all e/abli%         
proc$ures to ensure t ! integration (   
unmann$ aircraft sy/ems into ! national 
airspace sy/em is done 9 compliance ) ! 
privacy pr9ciples4  #cci4 ,data         

collection /atem5ts & data m9imization  
/atem5ts  7a7 ,9 g5]al ,beg9n+ on ! date
 ( ! enactm5t ( ?is section1 ! ,secret>y
 ( ,transportation may n approve1 issue1
 or aw>d any c]tificate1 lic5se1 or o!r 
grant ( au?ority to op]ate an unmann$   
aircraft sy/em 9 ! national airspace    
sy/em unless ! application = su*        
c]tificate1 lic5se1 or o!r grant (      
au?ority includes--  7#a7 a data        
collection /atem5t 9 accordance ) !     
requirem5ts ( subsection 7b7 t provides 
reasonable assurance t ! applicant w    
op]ate ! unmann$ aircraft sy/em 9       
accordance ) ! privacy pr9ciples2 &     
7#b7 9 ! case ( su* an unmann$ aircraft 
sy/em t is to be op]at$ by a law        
en=cem5t ag5cy or a law en=cem5t ag5cy  
contractor or subcontractor1 a data     
m9imization /atem5t 9 accordance ) !    
requirem5ts ( subsection 7c7 t provides 
reasonable assurance t ! applicant w    
op]ate ! unmann$ aircraft sy/em 9       
accordance ) ! privacy pr9ciples4  7b7  
,data collection /atem5t ,a data        

collection /atem5t "u subsection 7a71 ) 
respect to an unmann$ aircraft sy/em1   
%all include in=mation id5tify+--  7#a7 
! individuals or entities t w h ! p[] to
 use ! unmann$ aircraft sy/em2  7#b7 !  
specific locations 9 :i* ! unmann$      
aircraft sy/em w op]ate2  7#c7 ! maximum
 p]iod = :i* ! unmann$ aircraft sy/em w 
op]ate 9 ea* flight2  7#d7 :e!r !       
unmann$ aircraft sy/em w collect        
in=mation or data ab\t individuals or   
gr\ps ( individuals1 & if s--  7,a7 !   
circum/ances "u :i* ! sy/em w be us$2 & 
7,b7 ! specific k9ds ( in=mation or data
 ! sy/em w collect ab\t individuals or  
gr\ps ( individuals & h[ su* in=mation  
or data1 z well z conclusions drawn f   
su* in=mation or data1 w be us$1        
disclos$1 & o!rwise h&l$1 includ+--  7i7
 h[ ! collection or ret5tion ( su*      
in=mation or data t is unrelat$ to !    
specifi$ use w be m9imiz$2  7ii7 :e!r   
su* in=mation or data might be sold1    
leas$1 or o!rwise provid$ to ?ird       
p>ties1 & if s1 "u :at circum/ances x   

might be s sold or leas$2  7iii7 ! p]iod
 = :i* su* in=mation or data w be       
reta9$2 &  7iv7 :5 & h[ su* in=mation or
 data1 includ+ in=mation or data no     
long] relevant to ! specifi$ use1 w be  
de/roy$2  7#e7 ! possible impact !      
op]ation ( ! unmann$ aircraft sy/em may 
h ^u ! privacy ( individuals2  7#f7 !   
specific /eps t w be tak5 to mitigate   
any possible impact id5tifi$ "u p>agraph
 7#e71 includ+ /eps to protect aga9/    
unau?oriz$ disclosure ( any in=mation or
 data describ$ 9 p>agraph 7#d71 su* z ! 
use ( encryption me?ods & o!r security  
features t w be us$2  7#g7 a telephone  
numb] or electronic mail address t an   
individual ) compla9ts ab\t ! op]ation (
 ! unmann$ aircraft sy/em may use to    
report su* compla9ts & to reque/        
confirmation t p]sonally id5tifiable    
data relat+ to su* individual has be5   
collect$2  7#h7 9 a case 9 :i* p]sonally
 id5tifiable data relat+ to an          
individual has be5 collect$1 a          
reasonable process = ! individual to    

reque/ to obta9 su* data 9 a timely & an
 intelligible mann]2  7#i7 9 a case 9   
:i* a reque/ describ$ 9 p>agraph 7#h7 is
 d5i$1 a process by :i* ! individual may
 obta9 ! reasons = ! d5ial & *all5ge !  
d5ial2 &  7#aj7 9 a case 9 :i* p]sonally
 id5tifiable data relat+ to an          
individual has be5 collect$1 a process  
by :i* ! individual may *all5ge !       
accuracy ( su* data &1 if ! *all5ge is  
successful1 h su* data eras$ or am5d$4  
7c7 ,data m9imization /atem5t ,a data   
m9imization /atem5t describ$ 9 ?is      
subsection1 ) respect to an unmann$     
aircraft sy/em op]at$ by a law en=cem5t 
ag5cy1 contractor1 or subcontractor     
describ$ 9 subsection 7a77#b71 %all     
detail ! applicable--  7#a7 policies    
adopt$ by ! ag5cy1 contractor1 or       
subcontractor1 z ! case may be1 t--     
7,a7 m9imize ! collection by ! unmann$  
aircraft sy/em ( in=mation & data       
unrelat$ to ! inve/igation ( a crime "u 
a w>rant2  7,b7 require ! de/ruction (  
su* in=mation & data1 z well z (        

in=mation & data collect$ by ! unmann$  
aircraft sy/em t is no long] relevant to
 ! inve/igation ( a crime "u a w>rant or
 to an ongo+ crim9al proce$+2 &  7,c7   
e/abli% proc$ures = ! me?od ( su*       
de/ruction2 &  7#b7 audit & ov]sight    
proc$ures adopt$ by ! ag5cy1 contractor1
 or subcontractor1 z ! case may be1 t w 
ensure t ! ag5cy1 contractor1 or        
subcontractor1 z ! case may be1 uses !  
unmann$ aircraft sy/em 9 accordance ) ! 
p>amet]s outl9$ 9 ! data collection     
/atem5t & ! /atem5t requir$ by ?is      
subsection4  #cdj4 ,disclosure ( approv$
 c]tificates1 lic5ses1 & o!r grants (   
au?ority  7a7 ,9 g5]al ,! ,adm9i/rator (
 ! ,f$]al ,aviation ,adm9i/ration %all  
make available on ! public ,int]net     
website ( ! ,f$]al ,aviation            
,adm9i/ration 9 a se>*able =mat--  7#a7 
! approv$ c]tificate1 lic5se1 or o!r    
grant ( au?ority = ea* unmann$ aircraft 
sy/em aw>d$ a c]tificate1 lic5se1 or o!r
 grant ( au?ority to op]ate 9 ! national
 airspace sy/em1 includ+ any su*        

c]tificate1 lic5se1 or o!r grant (      
au?ority aw>d$ prior to ! date ( !      
enactm5t ( ?is section2  7#b7 in=mation 
detail+ :]e1 :51 & = :at p]iod ea*      
unmann$ aircraft sy/em w be op]at$2     
7#c7 in=mation detail+ any data security
 brea* t occurs ) reg>d to in=mation    
collect$ by an unmann$ aircraft sy/em2 &
  7#d7 9 ! case ( a c]tificate1 lic5se1 
or o!r grant ( au?ority aw>d$ on or aft]
 ! date ( ! enactm5t ( ?is section to   
op]ate an unmann$ aircraft sy/em 9 !    
national airspace sy/em1 ! data         
collection /atem5t describ$ 9 section   
#cci7;b7 &1 if applicable1 ! data       
m9imization /atem5t describ$ 9 section  
#cci7;c7 requir$ ) respect to su*       
unmann$ aircraft sy/em4  7b7 ,deadl9e ,!
 ,adm9i/rator %all complete !           
requirem5ts "u subsection 7a7 ) reg>d to
 ea* unmann$ aircraft sy/em--  7#a7 9 ! 
case ( a c]tificate1 lic5se1 or o!r     
grant ( au?ority aw>d$ be=e ! date ( !  
enactm5t ( ?is section1 n lat] ?an #ij  
days aft] su* date ( enactm5t2 &  7#b7 9

 ! case ( a c]tificate1 lic5se1 or o!r  
grant ( au?ority aw>d$ on or aft] ! date
 ( ! enactm5t ( ?is section1 z soon z is
 practicable aft] ! date ( approval (   
su* c]tificate1 lic5se1 or o!r grant (  
au?ority4  #cda4 ,w>rants requir$ =     
g5]aliz$ surveillance  7a7 ,9 g5]al ,a  
gov]nm5tal entity 7z def9$ 9 section    
#bgaa ( title #ah1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code7 
may n use an unmann$ aircraft sy/em or  
reque/ in=mation or data collect$ by    
ano!r p]son us+ an unmann$ aircraft     
sy/em = protective activities1 or = law 
en=cem5t or intellig5ce purposes1 except
 pursuant to a w>rant issu$ us+ !       
proc$ures describ$ 9 ! ,f$]al ,rules (  
,crim9al ,proc$ure 7or1 9 ! case ( a    
,/ate c\rt1 issu$ us+ ,/ate w>rant      
proc$ures7 by a c\rt ( compet5t         
jurisdiction1 or z p]mitt$ "u ! ,=eign  
,intellig5ce ,surveillance ,act ( #aigh 
7#ej ,u4,s4,c4 #ahja et seq474  7b7     
,exception  7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,subsection   
7a7 %all n apply 9 exig5t circum/ances  
7z def9$ 9 p>agraph 7#b774  7#b7 ,exig5t

 circum/ances def9$ ,exig5t circum/ances
 exi/ :5--  7,a7 a law en=cem5t entity  
reasonably believes !re is an imm95t    
dang] ( dea? or s]i\s physical injury2  
or  7,b7 a law en=cem5t entity          
reasonably believes !re is a high risk (
 a t]rori/ attack by a specific         
individual or organization & ! ,secret>y
 ( ,homel& ,security has det]m9$ t      
cr$ible intellig5ce indicates !re is su*
 a risk4  7#c7 ,requir$ docum5tation ,9 
! case ( a p]son op]at+ an unmann$      
aircraft sy/em "u ! exception = exig5t  
circum/ances "u p>agraph 7#a71          
docum5tation ju/ify+ ! exception %all be
 submitt$ to ! ,secret>y (              
,transportation n lat] ?an #g days aft] 
! date ( ! relevant unmann$ aircraft    
sy/em flight4  7#d7 ,in=mation or data  
unrelat$ to exig5t circum/ances ,a p]son
 op]at+ an unmann$ aircraft sy/em "u !  
exception = exig5t circum/ances "u      
p>agraph 7#a7 %all m9imize ! collection 
by ! unmann$ aircraft sy/em ( in=mation 
& data unrelat$ to ! exig5t             

circum/ances4 ,if ! unmann$ aircraft    
sy/em incid5tally collects any su*      
in=mation or data :ile be+ op]at$ "u t  
exception1 ! p]son op]at+ ! unmann$     
aircraft sy/em %all de/roy ! in=mation &
 data4  7#e7 ,prohibition on in=mation  
%>+ ,a p]son may n int5tionally divulge 
in=mation collect$ 9 accordance ) ?is   
section ) any o!r p]son1 except z       
au?oriz$ by law4  7#f7 ,prohibition on  
use z evid5ce ,if in=mation has be5     
collect$ by means ( use ( an unmann$    
aircraft sy/em1 no "p ( ! cont5ts ( t   
in=mation & no evid5ce d]iv$ f t        
in=mation may be receiv$ 9 evid5ce 9 any
 trial1 he>+1 or o!r proce$+ 9 or be=e  
any c\rt1 gr& jury1 dep>tm5t1 (fic]1    
ag5cy1 regulatory body1 legislative     
committee1 or o!r au?ority ( ! ,unit$   
,/ates1 a ,/ate1 or a political         
subdivision !re( unless t in=mation is  
collect$ 9 accordance ) ?is section4  4 
7b7 ,def9itions ,section #cca ( ! ,,faa 
,mod]nization & ,re=m ,act ( #bjab      
7,public ,law #aab-ie2 #di ,u4,s4,c4    

#djaja note7 is am5d$--  7#a7 by        
r$esignat+ p>agraphs 7#d7 ?r\gh 7#i7 z  
p>agraphs 7#g7 ?r\gh 7#ac72  7#b7 by    
r$esignat+ p>agraph 7#c7 z p>agraph     
7#d72  7#c7 by ins]t+ aft] p>agraph 7#b7
 ! foll[+3  7#c7 ,law en=cem5t ,! t]m   
law en=cem5t means--  7,a7 any entity ( 
! ,unit$ ,/ates or ( a ,/ate1 or        
political subdivision !re(1 t is emp[]$ 
by law to conduct inve/igations ( or to 
make arre/s = (f5ses2 &  7,b7 any entity
 or individual au?oriz$ by law to       
prosecute or p>ticipate 9 ! prosecution 
( su* (f5ses4  2 &  7#d7 by ins]t+ aft] 
p>agraph 7#d71 z r$esignat$ by p>agraph 
7#b71 ! foll[+3  7#e7 ,privacy pr9ciples
 ,! t]m privacy pr9ciples means !       
pr9ciples describ$ 9 ,"p ,two ( !       
,organization = ,economic ,co-op]ation &
 ,developm5t guidel9es titl$ ,annex to !
 ,recomm5dation ( ! ,c\ncil ( #bcrd     
,septemb] #aihj3 ,guidel9es ,gov]n+ ,!  
,protection ,( ,privacy ,& ,transbord]  
,fl[s ,( ,p]sonal ,data1 adopt$ by !    
,organization = ,economic ,co-op]ation &

 ,developm5t on ,septemb] #bc1 #aihj4   
7#f7 ,privacy protections ,! t]m privacy
 protections means protections t relate 
to ! use1 collection1 & disclosure (    
in=mation & data ab\t individuals &     
gr\ps ( individuals4  4  #d4 ,en=cem5t  
7a7 ,prohibit$ conduct  7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,x
 %all be unlawful = a p]son to op]ate an
 unmann$ aircraft sy/em 9 a mann] t is n
 9 accordance ) ! t]ms ( a data         
collection /atem5t submitt$ "u section  
#cci7;a77#a7 ( ! ,,faa ,mod]nization &  
,re=m ,act ( #bjab1 z add$ by section   
#c1 or 9 a mann] t violates any portion 
( ! f9al rule requir$ "u section        
#ccb7;b77#a7 ( su* ,act ins(> z su*     
portion relates to ! proc$ures describ$ 
9 section #cch ( su* ,act4  7#b7        
,regulations ,! ,commission may         
promulgate regulations 9 accordance )   
section #eec ( title #e1 ,unit$ ,/ates  
,code1 to c>ry out p>agraph 7#a7 )      
respect to p]sons1 p>tn]%ips1 &         
corporations describ$ 9 subsection      
7b77#c74  7b7 ,en=cem5t by ,f$]al ,trade

 ,commission  7#a7 ,unfair or deceptive 
acts or practices ,a violation (        
subsection 7a7 or ! regulations         
promulgat$ "u su* subsection %all be    
treat$ z a violation ( a regulation "u  
section #ah7;a77#a77;,b7 ( ! ,f$]al     
,trade ,commission ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4  
#eg;a7a77#a77;,b77 reg>d+ unfair or     
deceptive acts or practices4  7#b7 ,p[]s
 ( ,commission ,! ,commission %all en=ce
 subsection 7a7 & ! regulations         
promulgat$ "u su* subsection 9 ! same   
mann]1 by ! same means1 & ) ! same p[]s 
& duties z ?\gh all applicable t]ms &   
provisions ( ! ,f$]al ,trade ,commission
 ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #da et seq47 7     
incorporat$ into & made a "p ( ?is ,act1
 & any violator %all be subject to !    
p5alties & entitl$ to ! privileges &    
immunities provid$ 9 ! ,f$]al ,trade    
,commission ,act4  7#c7 ,applicability  
,p>agraphs 7#a7 & 7#b7 %all apply--     
7,a7 ) respect to p]sons1 p>tn]%ips1 &  
corporations ov] :i* ! ,commission has  
jurisdiction "u section #e7;a77#b7 ( !  

,f$]al ,trade ,commission ,act 7#ae     
,u4,s4,c4 #de7;a77#b77 7except to !     
ext5t su* p]son1 p>tn]%ip1 or           
corporation is a law en=cem5t contractor
 or subcontractor72 &  7,b7 not)/&+ su* 
section1 ) respect to air c>ri]s & =eign
 air c>ri]s4  7c7 ,actions by ,/ates    
7#a7 ,civil actions ,9 any case 9 :i* ! 
attorney g5]al ( a ,/ate1 or an (ficial 
or ag5cy ( a ,/ate1 has reason to       
believe t an int]e/ ( ! resid5ts ( t    
,/ate has be5 or is ?reat5$ or adv]sely 
affect$ by an act or practice 9         
violation ( subsection 7a7 or a         
regulation promulgat$ "u su* subsection1
 or by ! op]ation ( an unmann$ aircraft 
sy/em 9 violation ( ! t]ms ( a data     
m9imization /atem5t submitt$ "u section 
#cci7;a77#b7 ( ! ,,faa ,mod]nization &  
,re=m ,act ( #bjab1 z add$ by section   
#c1 ! ,/ate may br+ a civil action on   
behalf ( ! resid5ts ( ! ,/ate 9 an      
appropriate ,/ate c\rt or an appropriate
 di/rict c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates to--    
7,a7 enjo9 ! violation2  7,b7 en=ce     

compliance ) su* subsection1 regulation1
 or /atem5t2  7,c7 obta9 damages1       
re/itution1 or o!r comp5sation on behalf
 ( resid5ts ( ! ,/ate2 or  7,d7 obta9   
su* o!r legal & equitable relief z !    
c\rt may consid] to be appropriate4     
7#b7 ,notice ,be=e fil+ an action "u ?is
 subsection aga9/ a p]son1 p>tn]%ip1 or 
corporation ov] :i* ! ,commission has   
jurisdiction "u section #e7;a77#b7 ( !  
,f$]al ,trade ,commission ,act 7#ae     
,u4,s4,c4 #de7;a77#b77 7except to !     
ext5t su* p]son1 p>tn]%ip1 or           
corporation is a law en=cem5t contractor
 or subcontractor7 or an air c>ri] or   
=eign air c>ri]1 ! attorney g5]al1      
(ficial1 or ag5cy ( ! ,/ate involv$ %all
 provide to ! ,commission a writt5      
notice ( t action & a copy ( ! compla9t 
= t action4 ,if ! attorney g5]al1       
(ficial1 or ag5cy det]m9es t x is n     
feasible to provide ! notice describ$ 9 
?is p>agraph be=e ! fil+ ( ! action1 !  
attorney g5]al1 (ficial1 or ag5cy %all  
provide writt5 notice ( ! action & a    

copy ( ! compla9t to ! ,commission      
imm$iately ^u ! fil+ ( ! action4  7#c7  
,au?ority ( ! ,commission  7,a7 ,9 g5]al
 ,on receiv+ notice "u p>agraph 7#b7 (  
an action "u ?is subsection1 !          
,commission %all h ! "r--  7i7 to       
int]v5e 9 ! action2  7ii7 ^u s int]v5+1 
to be he>d on all matt]s aris+ !re92 &  
7iii7 to file petitions = appeal4  7,b7 
,limitation on ,/ate action :ile ,f$]al 
action is p5d+ ,if ! ,commission or !   
,attorney ,g5]al ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates has  
in/itut$ a civil action = violation (   
subsection 7a7 or a regulation          
promulgat$ "u su* subsection 7ref]r$ to 
9 ?is subp>agraph z ! ,f$]al action71 no
 ,/ate attorney g5]al1 (ficial1 or ag5cy
 may br+ an action "u ?is subsection    
dur+ ! p5d5cy ( ! ,f$]al action aga9/   
any def5dant nam$ 9 ! compla9t 9 !      
,f$]al action = any violation z alleg$ 9
 t compla9t4  7#d7 ,rule ( con/ruction  
,= purposes ( br++ a civil action "u ?is
 subsection1 no?+ 9 ?is ,act or any     
am5dm5t made by ?is ,act %all be con/ru$

 to prev5t an attorney g5]al1 (ficial1  
or ag5cy ( a ,/ate f ex]cis+ ! p[]s     
conf]r$ on ! attorney g5]al1 (ficial1 or
 ag5cy by ! laws ( t ,/ate to conduct   
inve/igations1 adm9i/] oa?s &           
affirmations1 or compel ! att5dance (   
witnesses or ! production ( docum5t>y & 
o!r evid5ce4  7d7 ,private "r ( action  
7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,a p]son injur$ by an act 
9 violation ( subsection 7a7 or !       
regulations promulgat$ "u su*           
subsection1 or by ! op]ation ( an       
unmann$ aircraft sy/em 9 violation ( !  
t]ms ( a data m9imization /atem5t       
submitt$ "u section #cci7;a77#b7 ( !    
,,faa ,mod]nization & ,re=m ,act (      
#bjab1 z add$ by section #c1 may br+ 9  
an appropriate ,/ate c\rt or an         
appropriate di/rict c\rt ( ! ,unit$     
,/ates--  7,a7 an action to enjo9 su*   
violation2  7,b7 an action to recov]    
damages = actual monet>y loss f su*     
violation1 or to receive up to #a1jjj 9 
damages = ea* su* violation1 :i*ev] is  
great]2 or  7,c7 bo? su* actions4  7#b7 

,int5tional violations ,if ! def5dant   
committ$ a violation describ$ 9 p>agraph
 7#a71 & int5d$ to d s1 ! c\rt may      
increase ! am\nt ( ! aw>d to an am\nt   
equal to n m ?an #c times ! am\nt       
available "u p>agraph 7#a77;,b74  7#c7  
,co/s ,! c\rt %all aw>d to a prevail+   
pla9tiff 9 an action "u ?is subsection !
 co/s ( su* action & reasonable         
attorney's fees1 z det]m9$ by ! c\rt4   
7#d7 ,limitation ,an action may be      
comm5c$ "u ?is subsection n lat] ?an #b 
ye>s aft] ! date on :i* ! p]son fir/    
discov]$ or _h a reasonable opportunity 
to discov] ! violation4  7#e7           
,nonexclusive rem$y ,! rem$y provid$ by 
?is subsection %all be 9 addition to any
 o!r rem$ies available to ! p]son4  7e7 
,suits aga9/ gov]nm5tal entities        
,not)/&+ ! ,f$]al ,trade ,commission    
,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #da et seq471 a suit
 "u subsection 7c7 or 7d7 may be ma9ta9$
 aga9/ a gov]nm5tal entity4  7f7 ,lic5se
 revocation ,! ,f$]al ,aviation         
,adm9i/ration %all revoke ! c]tificate1 

lic5se1 or o!r grant ( au?ority to      
op]ate an unmann$ aircraft sy/em if su* 
sy/em is op]at$ 9 a mann] t--  7#a7 is n
 9 accordance ) ! t]ms (--  7,a7 a data 
collection /atem5t submitt$ "u          
subsection 7a77#a7 ( section #cci ( !   
,,faa ,mod]nization & ,re=m ,act (      
#bjab1 z add$ by section #c2 or  7,b7 a 
data m9imization /atem5t submitt$ "u    
subsection 7a77#b7 ( su* section2 or    
7#b7 violates any portion ( ! f9al rule 
requir$ "u section #ccb7;b77#a7 ( su*   
,act ins(> z su* portion relates to !   
proc$ures describ$ 9 section #cch ( su* 
,act1 z add$ by section #c4  7g7        
,violations ,ea* day on :i* ea* unmann$ 
aircraft sy/em is op]at$ 9 violation (  
subsection 7a71 or ! regulations        
promulgat$ "u su* subsection1 or ! t]ms 
( a data m9imization /atem5t submitt$ "u
 section #cci7;a77#b7 ( ! ,,faa         
,mod]nization & ,re=m ,act ( #bjab1 z   
add$ by section #c1 %all be treat$ z a  
sep>ate violation4  7h7 ,def9itions ,9  
?is section3  7#a7 ,commission ,! t]m   

,commission means ! ,f$]al ,trade       
,commission4  7#b7 ,law en=cem5t ,! t]m 
law en=cem5t has ! mean+ giv5 su* t]m 9 
section #cca ( ! ,,faa ,mod]nization &  
,re=m ,act ( #bjab1 z am5d$ by section  
#c4  7#c7 ,/ate ,! t]m ,/ate means ea* (
 ! sev]al ,/ates1 ! ,di/rict (          
,columbia1 ea* commonweal?1 t]ritory1 or
 possession ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & ea*    
f$]ally recogniz$ ,indian tribe4  7#d7  
,unmann$ aircraft sy/em ,! t]m unmann$  
aircraft sy/em has ! mean+ giv5 su* t]m 
9 section #cca ( ! ,,faa ,mod]nization &
 ,re=m ,act ( #bjab 7#di ,u4,s4,c4      
#djaja note74  #e4 ,model aircraft      
provision ,no?+ 9 ?is ,act may be       
con/ru$ to apply to model aircraft 7z   
def9$ 9 section #ccf7;c7 ( ! ,,faa      
,mod]nization & ,re=m ,act ( #bjab      
7,public ,law #aab-ie2 #di ,u4,s4,c4    
#djaja note774