#aac? ,,congress  #b;d ,session  ,s4    
#aece  ,,an ,,act  ,to det] t]rorism1   
provide ju/ice = victims1 & = o!r       
purposes4  #a4 ,%ort title ,?is ,act may
 be cit$ z ! ,ju/ice ,aga9/ ,sponsors ( 
,t]rorism ,act4  #b4 ,f9d+s & purpose   
7a7 ,f9d+s ,congress f9ds ! foll[+3 7#a7
 ,int]national t]rorism is a s]i\s &    
deadly problem t ?reat5s ! vital int]e/s
 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4  7#b7 ,!            
,con/itution conf]s ^u ,congress ! p[]  
to puni% crimes aga9/ ! law ( nations & 
!re=e ,congress may by law impose       
p5alties on ^? :o provide mat]ial       
support to =eign organizations engag$ 9 
t]rori/ activity1 & all[ = victims (    
int]national t]rorism to recov] damages 
f ^? :o h h>m$ !m4  7#c7 ,int]national  
t]rorism affects ! int]/ate & =eign     
comm]ce ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates by h>m+       
int]national trade & m>ket /ability1 &  
limit+ int]national travel by ,unit$    
,/ates citiz5s z well z =eign visitors  
to ! ,unit$ ,/ates4  7#d7 ,"s =eign     
t]rori/ organizations1 act+ ?r\gh       

affiliat$ gr\ps or individuals1 raise   
significant funds outside ( ! ,unit$    
,/ates = conduct direct$ & t>get$ at !  
,unit$ ,/ates4  7#e7 ,x is necess>y to  
recognize ! sub/antive causes ( action =
 aid+ & abett+ & conspiracy liability "u
 ! ,anti-,t]rorism ,act ( #aihg 7#bb    
,u4,s4,c4 #ebja et seq474  7#f7 ,!      
decision ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,c\rt (      
,appeals = ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia 9     
,halb]/am v4 ,wel*1 #gje ,f4#b;d #dgb   
7,d4,c4 ,cir4 #aihc71 :i* has be5 widely
 recogniz$ z ! lead+ case reg>d+ ,f$]al 
civil aid+ & abett+ & conspiracy        
liability1 includ+ by ! ,supreme ,c\rt (
 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 provides ! prop] legal
 framework = h[ su* liability %\ld      
function 9 ! context ( ! ,anti-,t]rorism
 ,act ( #aihg 7#bb ,u4,s4,c4 #ebja et   
seq474  7#g7 ,! ,unit$ ,nations         
,security ,c\ncil decl>$ 9 ,resolution  
#acgc1 adopt$ on ,septemb] #bh1 #bjja1 t
 all c\ntries h an affirmative          
obligation to 8refra9 f provid+ any =m (
 support1 active or passive1 to entities

 or p]sons involv$ 9 t]rori/ acts10 & to
 ensure t any p]son :o p>ticipates 9 !  
f9anc+1 plann+1 prep>ation or           
p]petration ( t]rori/ acts or 9 support+
 t]rori/ acts is br\ght to ju/ice4  7#h7
 ,consi/5t ) ^! decl>ations1 no c\ntry  
has ! discretion to engage kn[+ly 9 !   
f9anc+ or sponsor%ip ( t]rorism1 :e!r   
directly or indirectly4  7#i7 ,p]sons1  
entities1 or c\ntries t kn[+ly or       
recklessly contribute mat]ial support or
 res\rces1 directly or indirectly1 to   
p]sons or organizations t pose a        
significant risk ( committ+ acts (      
t]rorism t ?reat5 ! security ( nationals
 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates or ! national        
security1 =eign policy1 or economy ( !  
,unit$ ,/ates1 necess>ily direct _!     
conduct at ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & %\ld      
reasonably anticipate be+ br\ght to c\rt
 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates to answ] = su*       
activities4  7#aj7 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates has 
a vital int]e/ 9 provid+ p]sons &       
entities injur$ z a result ( t]rori/    
attacks committ$ )9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates )   

full access to ! c\rt sy/em 9 ord] to   
pursue civil claims aga9/ p]sons1       
entities1 or c\ntries t h kn[+ly or     
recklessly provid$ mat]ial support or   
res\rces1 directly or indirectly1 to !  
p]sons or organizations responsible = _!
 injuries4  7b7 ,purpose ,! purpose (   
?is ,act is to provide civil litigants )
 ! broade/ possible basis1 consi/5t ) ! 
,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 to seek 
relief aga9/ p]sons1 entities1 & =eign  
c\ntries1 :]ev] act+ & :]ev] !y may be  
f\nd1 t h provid$ mat]ial support1      
directly or indirectly1 to =eign        
organizations or p]sons t engage 9      
t]rori/ activities aga9/ ! ,unit$       
,/ates4  #c4 ,=eign sov]eign immunity   
,section #afje7;a7 ( title #bh1 ,unit$  
,/ates ,code1 is am5d$-- 7#a7 by am5d+  
p>agraph 7#e7 to read z foll[s3  7#e7 n 
o!rwise encompass$ 9 p>agraph 7#b71 9   
:i* money damages are s\ght aga9/ a     
=eign /ate aris+ out ( physical injury  
or dea?1 or damage to or loss ( prop]ty1
 occurr+ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & caus$ by ! 

torti\s act or omission ( t =eign /ate  
or ( any (ficial or employee ( t =eign  
/ate :ile act+ )9 ! scope ( ! (fice or  
employm5t ( ! (ficial or employee       
7reg>dless ( :]e ! und]ly+ torti\s act  
or omission occurs71 includ+ any        
/atutory or common law tort claim aris+ 
out ( an act ( extrajudicial kill+1     
aircraft sabotage1 ho/age tak+1         
t]rorism1 or ! provision ( mat]ial      
support or res\rces = su* an act1 or any
 claim = contribution or indemnity      
relat+ to a claim aris+ out ( su* an    
act1 except ?is p>agraph %all n apply   
to-- 7,a7 any claim bas$ ^u ! ex]cise or
 p]=mance (1 or ! failure to ex]cise or 
p]=m1 a discretion>y function1 reg>dless
 ( :e!r ! discretion is abus$2 or  7,b7 
any claim aris+ out ( malici\s          
prosecution1 abuse ( process1 libel1    
sl&]1 misrepres5tation1 deceit1         
int]f]5ce ) contract rights1 or any     
claim = emotional di/ress or d]ivative  
injury suff]$ z a result ( an ev5t or   
injury to ano!r p]son t occurs outside (

 ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 or  2 &  7#b7 by      
ins]t+ aft] subsection 7d7 ! foll[+3    
7e7 ,def9itions ,= purposes ( subsection
 7a77#e7-- 7#a7 ! t]ms aircraft         
sabotage1 extrajudicial kill+1 ho/age   
tak+1 & mat]ial support or res\rces h ! 
mean+s giv5 ^? t]ms 9 section           
#afje;,a7h72 &  7#b7 ! t]m t]rorism     
means int]national t]rorism & dome/ic   
t]rorism1 z ^? t]ms are def9$ 9 section 
#bcca ( title #ah4  4  #d4 ,aid+ &      
abett+ liability = civil actions reg>d+ 
t]rori/ acts  7a7 ,9 g5]al ,section     
#bccc ( title #ah1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 
is am5d$ by add+ at ! end ! foll[+3  7d7
 ,liability ,9 an action "u subsection  
7a7 = an injury aris+ f an act (        
int]national t]rorism committ$1 plann$1 
or au?oriz$ by an organization t _h be5 
designat$ z a =eign t]rori/ organization
 "u section #bai ( ! ,immigration &     
,nationality ,act 7#h ,u4,s4,c4 #aahi71 
z ( ! date on :i* su* act ( int]national
 t]rorism 0 committ$1 plann$1 or        
au?oriz$1 or t 0 s designat$ z a result 

( su* act ( int]national t]rorism1      
liability may be ass]t$ z to any p]son  
:o aid$1 abett$1 or conspir$ ) ! p]son  
:o committ$ su* an act ( int]national   
t]rorism4  4  7b7 ,effect on ,=eign     
,sov]eign ,immunities ,act ,no?+ 9 !    
am5dm5ts made by ?is section affects    
immunity ( a =eign /ate1 z t t]m is     
def9$ 9 section #afjc ( title #bh1      
,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 f jurisdiction "u  
o!r law4  #e4 ,p]sonal jurisdiction =   
civil actions reg>d+ t]rori/ acts       
,section #bccd ( title #ah1 ,unit$      
,/ates ,code1 is am5d$ by ins]t+ at !   
end ! foll[+3  7e7 ,p]sonal jurisdiction
 ,! di/rict c\rts %all h p]sonal        
jurisdiction1 to ! maximum ext5t        
p]missible "u ! #e? ,am5dm5t to !       
,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ov] any 
p]son :o commits or aids & abets an act 
( int]national t]rorism or o!rwise      
sponsors su* act or ! p]son :o committ$ 
su* act1 = acts ( int]national t]rorism 
9 :i* any national ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates    
suff]s injury 9 8 or h] p]son1 prop]ty1 

or bus9ess by reason ( su* an act 9     
violation ( section #bccc4  4  #f4      
,liability = ,gov]nm5t (ficials 9 civil 
actions reg>d+ t]rori/ acts ,section    
#bccg ( title #ah1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 
is am5d$ to read z foll[s3  #bccg4      
,suits aga9/ ,gov]nm5t (ficials ,no     
action may be ma9ta9$ "u section #bccc  
aga9/-- 7#a7 ! ,unit$ ,/ates2  7#b7 an  
ag5cy ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 or  7#c7 an    
(fic] or employee ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates or  
any ag5cy ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates act+ )9 !   
(ficial capacity ( ! (fic] or employee  
or "u color ( legal au?ority4  4  #g4   
,sev]ability ,if any provision ( ?is    
,act or any am5dm5t made by ?is ,act1 or
 ! application ( a provision or am5dm5t 
to any p]son or circum/ance1 is held to 
be invalid1 ! rema9d] ( ?is ,act & !    
am5dm5ts made by ?is ,act1 & !          
application ( ! provisions & am5dm5ts to
 any o!r p]son n simil>ly situat$ or to 
o!r circum/ances1 %all n be affect$ by !
 hold+4  #h4 ,effective ,date ,!        
am5dm5ts made by ?is ,act %all apply to 

any civil action-- 7#a7 p5d+ on1 or     
comm5c$ on or aft]1 ! date ( enactm5t ( 
?is ,act2 &  7#b7 aris+ out ( an injury 
to a p]son1 prop]ty1 or bus9ess on or   
aft] ,septemb] #aa1 #bjja4  ,pass$ !    
,s5ate ,decemb] #aa1 #bjad4,secret>y