,,ii  #aac? ,,congress  #a/ ,session    
,s4 #acia  ,,9 ,,! ,,s5ate ,,( ,,!      
,,unit$ ,,/ates  ,july #cj1 #bjac ,mr4  
,h>k9 7= himself1 ,mr4 ,grassley1 & ,mr4
 ,leahy7 introduc$ ! foll[+ bill2 :i* 0 
read twice & ref]r$ to ! ,committee on  
,heal?1 ,education1 ,labor1 & ,p5sions  
,a ,,bill  ,to am5d ! ,age              
,discrim9ation 9 ,employm5t ,act ( #aifg
 & o!r laws to cl>ify appropriate /&>ds 
= ,f$]al employm5t discrim9ation &      
retaliation claims1 & = o!r purposes4   
#a4 ,%ort title ,?is ,act may be cit$ z 
! ,protect+ ,old] ,work]s ,aga9/        
,discrim9ation ,act4  #b4 ,f9d+s &      
purposes  7a7 ,f9d+s ,congress f9ds !   
foll[+3  7#a7 ,9 enact+ section #ajg ( !
 ,civil ,rights ,act ( #aiia 7add+      
section #gjc7m7 ( ! ,civil ,rights ,act 
( #aifd71 ,congress reaffirm$ its       
und]/&+ t unlawful discrim9ation is (t5 
difficult to detect & prove because     
discrim9ators d n usually admit _!      
discrim9ation & (t5 try to conceal _!   
true motives4 ,section #gjc7m7 ( !      

,civil ,rights ,act ( #aifd expressly   
approv$ s-call$ mix$ motive claims1     
provid+ t an unlawful employm5t practice
 is e/abli%$ :5 a protect$ *>act]i/ic 0 
a motivat+ factor = any employm5t       
practice1 ev5 ?\gh o!r factors also     
motivat$ ! practice4  7#b7 ,congress    
enact$ am5dm5ts to o!r civil rights     
/atutes1 includ+ ! ,age ,discrim9ation 9
 ,employm5t ,act ( #aifg 7ref]r$ to 9   
?is section z ! ,,adea71 ! ,am]icans )  
,disabilities ,act ( #aiij1 & !         
,rehabilitation ,act ( #aigc1 b         
,congress did n expressly am5d ^?       
/atutes to address mix$ motive          
discrim9ation4  7#c7 ,9 ! case ( ,gross 
v4 ,,fbl ,f9ancial ,s]vices1 ,inc41 #eeg
 ,u4,s4 #afg 7#bjji71 ! ,supreme ,c\rt  
held t1 because ,congress did n         
expressly am5d ! ,,adea to address mix$ 
motive claims1 su* claims 7 unavailable 
"u ! ,,adea1 & in/ead ! compla9ant be>s 
! burd5 ( prov+ t a protect$ *>act]i/ic 
or protect$ activity 0 ! b = cause ( an 
unlawful employm5t practice4 ,?is       

decision has significantly n>r[$ ! scope
 ( protections af=d$ by ! /atutes t 7 n 
expressly am5d$ 9 #aiia to address mix$ 
motive claims4  7b7 ,purposes ,!        
purposes ( ?is ,act are--  7#a7 to      
cl>ify congressional int5t t mix$ motive
 claims %all be available1 & t a        
compla9+ p>ty ne$ n prove t a protect$  
*>act]i/ic or protect$ activity 0 ! b = 
cause ( an unlawful employm5t practice1 
"u ! ,,adea & simil> civil rights       
provisions2  7#b7 to reject ! ,supreme  
,c\rt's reason+ 9 ! ,gross decision t   
,congress' failure to am5d any /atute   
o!r ?an title ,,vii ( ! ,civil ,rights  
,act ( #aifd 7) respect to discrim9ation
 claims71 9 enact+ section #ajg ( !     
,civil ,rights ,act ( #aiia1 sugge/s t  
,congress int5d$ to disall[ mix$ motive 
claims "u o!r /atutes2 &  7#c7 to cl>ify
 t compla9+ p>ties--  7,a7 may rely on  
any type or =m ( admissible evid5ce to  
e/abli% _! claims ( an unlawful         
employm5t practice2  7,b7 are n requir$ 
to demon/rate t ! protect$ *>act]i/ic or

 activity 0 ! sole cause ( ! employm5t  
practice2 &  7,c7 may demon/rate an     
unlawful employm5t practice ?r\gh any   
available me?od ( pro( or analytical    
framework4  #c4 ,/&>ds ( pro(  7a7 ,age 
discrim9ation 9 employm5t ,act ( #aifg  
7#a7 ,cl>ify+ prohibition aga9/         
imp]missible consid]ation ( age 9       
employm5t practices ,section #d ( ! ,age
 ,discrim9ation 9 ,employm5t ,act (     
#aifg 7#bi ,u4,s4,c4 #fbc7 is am5d$ by  
ins]t+ aft] subsection 7f7 ! foll[+3    
7g7 7#a7 ,except z o!rwise provid$ 9 ?is
 ,act1 an unlawful practice is e/abli%$ 
"u ?is ,act :5 ! compla9+ p>ty          
demon/rates t age or an activity        
protect$ by subsection 7d7 0 a motivat+ 
factor = any practice1 ev5 ?\gh o!r     
factors also motivat$ ! practice4  7#b7 
,9 e/abli%+ an unlawful practice "u ?is 
,act1 includ+ "u p>agraph 7#a7 or by any
 o!r me?od ( pro(1 a compla9+ p>ty--    
7,a7 may rely on any type or =m (       
admissible evid5ce & ne$ only produce   
evid5ce suffici5t = a reasonable tri] ( 

fact to f9d t an unlawful practice      
occurr$ "u ?is ,act2 &  7,b7 %all n be  
requir$ to demon/rate t age or an       
activity protect$ by subsection 7d7 0 ! 
sole cause ( a practice4  4  7#b7       
,rem$ies ,section #g ( su* ,act 7#bi    
,u4,s4,c4 #fbf7 is am5d$--  7,a7 9      
subsection 7b7--  7i7 9 ! fir/ s5t5ce1  
by /rik+ ,! & ins]t+ 7#a7 ,!2  7ii7 9 ! 
?ird s5t5ce1 by /rik+ ,am\nts & ins]t+ !
 foll[+3  7#b7 ,am\nts  2  7iii7 9 !    
fif? s5t5ce1 by /rik+ ,be=e & ins]t+ !  
foll[+3  7#d7 ,be=e  2 &  7iv7 by ins]t+
 be=e p>agraph 7#d71 z designat$ by     
clause 7iii7 ( ?is subp>agraph1 !       
foll[+3  7#c7 ,on a claim 9 :i* an      
individual demon/rates t age 0 a        
motivat+ factor = any employm5t         
practice1 "u section #d7;g77#a71 & a    
respond5t demon/rates t ! respond5t w\ld
 h tak5 ! same action 9 ! abs5ce ( !    
imp]missible motivat+ factor1 ! c\rt--  
7,a7 may grant decl>atory relief1       
injunctive relief 7except z provid$ 9   
subp>agraph 7,b771 & attorney's fees &  

co/s demon/rat$ to be directly          
attributable only to ! pursuit ( a claim
 "u section #d7;g77#a72 &  7,b7 %all n  
aw>d damages or issue an ord] requir+   
any admission1 re9/atem5t1 hir+1        
promotion1 or paym5t4  2 &  7,b7 9      
subsection 7c77#a71 by /rik+ ,any &     
ins]t+ ,subject to subsection 7b77#c71  
any4  7#c7 ,def9itions ,section #aa (   
su* ,act 7#bi ,u4,s4,c4 #fcj7 is am5d$  
by add+ at ! end ! foll[+3  7m7 ,! t]m  
demon/rates means meets ! burd5s (      
production & p]suasion4  4  7#d7 ,f$]al 
employees ,section #ae ( su* ,act 7#bi  
,u4,s4,c4 #fcc;a7 is am5d$ by add+ at ! 
end ! foll[+3  7h7 ,sections #d7;g7 &   
#g7;b77#c7 %all apply to mix$ motive    
claims 7involv+ practices describ$ 9    
section #d7;g77#a77 "u ?is section4  4  
7b7 ,title ,,vii ( ! ,civil ,rights ,act
 ( #aifd  7#a7 ,cl>ify+ prohibition     
aga9/ imp]missible consid]ation ( race1 
color1 religion1 sex1 or national orig9 
9 employm5t practices ,section #gjc ( ! 
,civil ,rights ,act ( #aifd 7#db        

,u4,s4,c4 #bjjj;e-#b7 is am5d$ by /rik+ 
subsection 7m7 & ins]t+ ! foll[+3  7m7  
,except z o!rwise provid$ 9 ?is title1  
an unlawful employm5t practice is       
e/abli%$ "u ?is title :5 ! compla9+ p>ty
 demon/rates t race1 color1 religion1   
sex1 or national orig9 or an activity   
protect$ by section #gjd7;a7 0 a        
motivat+ factor = any employm5t         
practice1 ev5 ?\gh o!r factors also     
motivat$ ! practice4  4  7#b7 ,f$]al    
employees ,section #gag ( su* ,act 7#db 
,u4,s4,c4 #bjjj;e-#af7 is am5d$ by add+ 
at ! end ! foll[+3  7g7 ,sections       
#gjc7m7 & #gjf7;g77#b77;,b7 %all apply  
to mix$ motive cases 7involv+ practices 
describ$ 9 section #gjc7m77 "u ?is      
section4  4  7c7 ,am]icans ,)           
,disabilities ,act ( #aiij  7#a7        
,def9itions ,section #aja ( ! ,am]icans 
) ,disabilities ,act ( #aiij 7#db       
,u4,s4,c4 #abaaa7 is am5d$ by add+ at ! 
end ! foll[+3  7#aa7 ,demon/rates ,! t]m
 demon/rates means meets ! burd5s (     
production & p]suasion4  4  7#b7        

,cl>ify+ prohibition aga9/ imp]missible 
consid]ation ( disability 9 employm5t   
practices ,section #ajb ( su* ,act 7#db 
,u4,s4,c4 #abaab7 is am5d$ by add+ at ! 
end ! foll[+3  7e7 ,pro(  7#a7          
,e/abli%m5t ,except z o!rwise provid$ 9 
?is ,act1 a discrim9atory practice is   
e/abli%$ "u ?is ,act :5 ! compla9+ p>ty 
demon/rates t disability or an activity 
protect$ by subsection 7a7 or 7b7 (     
section #ejc 0 a motivat+ factor = any  
employm5t practice1 ev5 ?\gh o!r factors
 also motivat$ ! practice4  7#b7        
,demon/ration ,9 e/abli%+ a             
discrim9atory practice "u p>agraph 7#a7 
or by any o!r me?od ( pro(1 a compla9+  
p>ty--  7,a7 may rely on any type or =m 
( admissible evid5ce & ne$ only produce 
evid5ce suffici5t = a reasonable tri] ( 
fact to f9d t a discrim9atory practice  
occurr$ "u ?is ,act2 &  7,b7 %all n be  
requir$ to demon/rate t disability or an
 activity protect$ by subsection 7a7 or 
7b7 ( section #ejc 0 ! sole cause ( an  
employm5t practice4  4  7#c7 ,c]ta9     

antiretaliation claims ,section #ejc7;c7
 ( su* ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #abbjc7;c77  
is am5d$--  7,a7 by /rik+ ,! rem$ies &  
ins]t+ ! foll[+3  7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,except 
z provid$ 9 p>agraph 7#b71 ! rem$ies  2 
&  7,b7 by add+ at ! end ! foll[+3  7#b7
 ,c]ta9 antiretaliation claims ,section 
#ajg7;c7 %all apply to claims "u section
 #ajb7;e77#a7 ) respect to title ,i4  4 
7#d7 ,rem$ies ,section #ajg ( su* ,act  
7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #abaag7 is am5d$ by add+ 
at ! end ! foll[+3  7c7 ,discrim9atory  
motivat+ factor ,on a claim 9 :i* an    
individual demon/rates t disability 0 a 
motivat+ factor = any employm5t         
practice1 "u section #ajb7;e77#a71 & a  
respond5t demon/rates t ! respond5t w\ld
 h tak5 ! same action 9 ! abs5ce ( !    
imp]missible motivat+ factor1 ! c\rt--  
7#a7 may grant decl>atory relief1       
injunctive relief 7except z provid$ 9   
p>agraph 7#b771 & attorney's fees & co/s
 demon/rat$ to be directly attributable 
only to ! pursuit ( a claim "u section  
#ajb7;e77#a72 &  7#b7 %all n aw>d       

damages or issue an ord] requir+ any    
admission1 re9/atem5t1 hir+1 promotion1 
or paym5t4  4  7d7 ,rehabilitation ,act 
( #aigc  7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,sections        
#eja7;g71 #ejc7;d71 & #ejd7;d7 ( !      
,rehabilitation ,act ( #aigc 7#bi       
,u4,s4,c4 #gia7;g71 #gic7;d71 &         
#gid7;d771 are ea* am5d$ by add+ aft] ! 
words title ,i ( ! ,am]icans )          
,disabilities ,act ( #aiij 7#db         
,u4,s4,c4 #abaaa et seq47 ! foll[+3 1   
includ+ ! /&>ds ( causation or me?ods ( 
pro( appli$ "u section #ajb7;e7 ( t ,act
 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #abaab7;e7714  7#b7     
,f$]al employees ,! am5dm5t made by     
p>agraph 7#a7 to section #eja7;g7 %all  
be con/ru$ to apply to all employees    
cov]$ by section #eja4  #d4 ,application
 ,?is ,act1 & ! am5dm5ts made by ?is    
,act1 %all apply to all claims p5d+ on  
or aft] ! date ( enactm5t ( ?is ,act4