,,ii #aacth ,,congress #ast ,session ,s4 #ajba ,,in ,,the ,,senate ,,of ,,the ,,united ,,states ,may #bb1 #bjac ,mrs4 ,shaheen introduced the following bill2 which was read twice and referred to the ,committee on ,foreign ,relations ,a ,,bill ,to provide for a ,next ,generation ,cooperative ,threat ,reduction ,strategy1 and for other purposes4 #a4 ,short title ,this ,act may be cited as the ,next ,generation ,cooperative ,threat ,reduction ,act of #bjac4 #b4 ,findings ,congress makes the following findings3 7#a7 ,the ,united ,states nonproliferation and threat reduction assistance program known as the ,cooperative ,threat ,reduction 7,,ctr7 ,program is one of the most successful congressionally led ,united ,states foreign policy initiatives in the post-,cold ,war era4 7#b7 ,the ,,ctr ,program was initiated by the ,united ,states ,congress in legislation introduced by ,senators ,sam ,nunn 7,d-,,ga7 and ,dick ,lugar 7,r-,,in7 in #aiia4 7#c7 ,the initial purpose of the ,nunn-,lugar ,,ctr ,program was to dismantle and prevent proliferation of nuclear1 chemical1 and biological weapons of mass destruction 7,,wmd7 and their associated infrastructure in the independent states of the former ,soviet ,union and to prevent the transfer of weapons of mass destruction knowledge to other countries4 7#d7 ,as of ,february #bh1 #bjac1 the ,nunn-,lugar ,,ctr ,program has-- 7,a7 deactivated #ac1cjj nuclear warheads2 7,b7 destroyed #a1dgc intercontinental ballistic missiles 7,i,c,b,ms72 7,c7 eliminated #hca ,,icbm silos2 7,d7 destroyed #ddb ,,icbm mobile launchers2 7,e7 eliminated #bcc bombers2 7,f7 eliminated #ijf nuclear capable air-to-surface missiles2 7,g7 destroyed #gbh submarine launched ballistic missile 7,,slbm7 launchers2 7,h7 eliminated #icf ,s,l,b,ms2 7,i7 destroyed #dh ballistic missile submarines2 7,j7 sealed #aid nuclear test tunnels and holes2 and 7,k7 destroyed #ci1ihf metric tons of chemical weapon agent4 7#e7 ,due to the ,nunn-,lugar ,,ctr ,program1 ,ukraine1 ,kazakhstan1 and ,belarus are nuclear weapons free and ,albania is chemical weapons free4 7#f7 ,the ,nunn-,lugar ,,ctr ,program is based on the premise that governments have a responsibility and a mutual interest in working together to reduce the threat posed by nuclear1 chemical1 and biological weapons and their associated infrastructure and know-how4 7#g7 ,though the ,nunn-,lugar ,,ctr ,program was initially focused on the independent states of the former ,soviet ,union1 the threat represented by the proliferation of nuclear1 chemical1 and biological ,,wmd-related materials1 infrastructure1 and know-how extends well beyond the borders of these states4 7#h7 ,the threat posed by ,,wmd-related proliferation is increasingly prevalent in the ,middle ,east and ,north ,africa 7,,mena71 where political instability and deeply rooted violent extremism contribute to an already dangerous threat to the ,united ,states and some of its strongest allies4 7#i7 ,terrorist organizations1 including core al ,qaeda1 al ,qaeda in the ,islamic ,maghreb1 al ,qaeda in ,iraq1 al ,qaeda in the ,arabian ,peninsula1 ,hezbollah1 ,hamas1 and their extremist supporters continue to operate in the ,,mena region and have sought or may seek to attempt to secure ,,wmd materials or know-how4 7#aj7 ,the ,government of ,iran's continued illicit development of its nuclear program and its movement towards an advanced nuclear weapons capability could lead to a nuclear arms race in the region4 7#aa7 ,the ,iranian regime's continued support for and association with terrorist organizations in the region1 including ,hamas and ,hezbollah1 pose a significant and growing proliferation challenge for the entire global community4 7#ab7 ,continued upheaval and violence in ,syria and the threat of the ,assad regime's substantial chemical weapons stockpile being used or falling into the wrong hands also pose a significant and immediate ,,wmd-related proliferation challenge to the entire global community4 7#ac7 ,united ,nations ,security ,council ,resolution 7,,unscr7 #aedj 7#bjjd7 binds all ,united ,nations members to adopt and enforce effective controls to prevent the proliferation of ,,wmd1 their means of delivery1 and the illicit spread of related materials2 yet countries in the ,middle ,east and ,north ,africa have a relatively weak record of implementation of ,,unscr #aedj4 7#ad7 ,the ,,mena region continues to experience significant political instability and sits atop a complex web of ethnic differences1 a history of violence and extremism1 robust military capabilities1 a growing collection of unsecured weapons1 and a variety of unstable governments4 7#ae7 ,the ,arab ,spring and the continued revolutions across the ,,mena region represent significant opportunities but also difficult challenges as the ,united ,states attempts to create new relationships with popularly elected governments that can be inexperienced in nonproliferation1 counter-proliferation1 or related security efforts4 7#af7 ,a number of governments in this unstable region are considering the development of civilian nuclear power programs1 including the ,governments of the ,united ,arab ,emirates1 ,jordan1 ,saudi ,arabia1 and other countries4 7#ag7 ,as a result of these difficult challenges1 the ,united ,states has a clear interest in preventing or minimizing the potential proliferation of ,,wmd-related weapons1 technologies1 materials1 and know-how in the ,,mena region4 7#ah7 ,despite the threat of proliferation in the ,middle ,east and ,north ,africa1 only a small percentage of ,united ,states ,,ctr and nonproliferation-related assistance programs have been focused on the countries of this region4 7#ai7 ,until #bjjc1 ,congress limited the use of ,department of ,defense 7,,dod7 ,,ctr funding to programs in the former ,soviet ,union4 7#bj7 ,section #acjh of the ,national ,defense ,authorization ,act for ,fiscal ,year #bjjd 7#bb ,u4,s4,c4 #eifc7 authorized the utilization of limited ,department of ,defense ,,ctr funding outside the independent states of the former ,soviet ,union for short-term projects and emergency funding4 7#ba7 ,in section #acjf of the ,national ,defense ,authorization ,act for ,fiscal ,year #bjjh 7,public ,law #aaj-aha2 #abb ,stat4 #dac71 ,congress1 for the first time1 specifically authorized funding for longer-term ,,ctr initiatives to address emerging security challenges and urgent threats in regions of the world beyond the independent states of the former ,soviet ,union1 stipulating that ,,ctr should be strengthened and expanded for broader international cooperation and partnerships1 including programs and projects in ''' the ,middle ,east4 7#bb7 ,section #acjf of the ,national ,defense ,authorization ,act for ,fiscal ,year #bjjh also mandated that the ,national ,academy of ,sciences conduct a study to analyze options for strengthening and expanding the ,,ctr program4 7#bc7 ,the congressionally mandated report from the ,national ,academy of ,sciences1 ,global ,security ,engagement3 ,a ,new ,model for ,cooperative ,threat ,reduction1 published in #bjji1 recommended expanding ,,ctr activities into the ,middle ,east1 to include-- 7,a7 encouraging and assisting with security and destruction of chemical weapons stockpiles2 7,b7 providing chemical weapons detection and interdiction equipment and training2 7,c7 providing training for parliamentarians and national technical advisors2 7,d7 promoting chemical safety and security in the region2 7,e7 promoting biological safety1 security1 and disease surveillance programs2 7,f7 promoting implementation of ,,unscr #aedj2 7,g7 promoting counter-trafficking obligations under ,,unscr #aedj2 7,h7 strengthening export controls and border security1 including maritime security2 and 7,i7 other cooperative programs aimed at stemming the proliferation of nuclear1 chemical1 and biological weapons of mass destruction technologies1 materials1 and know-how4 7#bd7 ,the ,department of ,state1 the ,department of ,energy1 and the ,department of ,homeland ,security support nonproliferation projects aimed at cooperatively preventing the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction in the ,middle ,east and ,north ,africa1 including through-- 7,a7 the ,department of ,state ,nonproliferation and ,disarmament ,fund2 7,b7 the ,department of ,state ,export ,control and ,related ,border ,security ,program2 7,c7 the ,department of ,state ,global ,threat ,reduction program2 7,d7 the ,department of ,energy ,second ,line of ,defense program2 7,e7 the ,department of ,energy ,global ,initiatives to ,prevent ,proliferation program2 7,f7 the ,department of ,energy ,global ,threat ,reduction ,initiative2 7,g7 the ,department of ,homeland ,security ,container ,security ,initiative2 and 7,h7 the ,department of ,homeland ,security ,secure ,freight ,initiative4 7#be7 ,these programs provide critical but small-scale support in combating proliferation challenges in the region1 and they do not by themselves represent a robust1 comprehensive1 or whole-of-government approach to nonproliferation in the ,,mena region4 7#bf7 ,after extensive delays1 near the end of #bjab1 the ,executive ,branch finally completed internal bureaucratic processes necessary to expand the ,department of ,defense ,,ctr ,program more extensively into the ,middle ,east and the ,department of ,defense recently publicly announced its intention to apply fiscal year #bjac funds to help ,syria's neighbors counter the immediate threat posed by ,syria's chemical weapons4 7#bg7 ,the ,department of ,defense has also initiated a program with fiscal year #bjac funds to work with the ,government of ,libya to help the country meet its commitment to the ,organisation for the ,prohibition of ,chemical ,weapons by destroying its chemical weapons stockpile4 7#bh7 ,in addition to preventing proliferation of ,,wmd across borders shared with ,syria and destroying chemical weapons stockpiles in ,libya1 the ,department of ,defense has requested new funding to initiate bio-engagement programs in the ,middle ,east in its fiscal year #bjad budget request4 7#bi7 ,there is an urgent need today to more sharply focus ,united ,states ,government efforts and resources on ,,wmd proliferation in the ,,mena region4 7#cj7 ,the ,united ,states ,government needs a comprehensive regional strategy for nonproliferation activities in the ,middle ,east and ,north ,africa1 which includes additional1 targeted resources for cooperative threat reduction work in the region1 and one that utilizes all of our diplomatic1 intelligence1 military1 and public affairs tools in a coordinated and creative whole-of-government approach and leverages support from a wide variety of partners and donors1 including foreign countries1 nongovernmental organizations1 international institutions1 ,united ,states and foreign businesses1 academic institutions1 and other sectors4 #c4 ,sense of ,congress ,it is the sense of ,congress that-- 7#a7 countries around the world have a continued interest in working together to reduce the threat posed by nuclear1 chemical1 and biological weapons1 related technologies1 materials1 associated infrastructure1 and know-how2 7#b7 the ,united ,states ,government1 as a leader in the international community in curbing the threat posed by the proliferation of ,,wmd-related weapons1 technologies1 materials1 infrastructure1 and know-how1 has a national security interest in working with the countries of the ,middle ,east and ,north ,africa on establishing and developing robust nonproliferation capabilities in the region to effectively detect1 interdict1 deter1 and defend against proliferation of ,,wmd in the region2 7#c7 the ,united ,states ,government should continue to expand the ,department of ,defense ,,ctr ,program beyond the independent states of the former ,soviet ,union1 to include the countries of the ,,mena region1 provided that these programs complement already existing ,united ,states nonproliferation programs in this region and provided that ,congress is properly informed of the long-term cooperative threat reduction and nonproliferation assistance strategy to be implemented2 7#d7 ,congress supports the initiation of ,,ctr programs aimed at addressing the immediate threat of ,syrian ,,wmd-related proliferation in the region and the destruction of the chemical weapons stockpile in ,libya and urges the ,united ,states ,government to ensure sufficient funding for the continuation and expansion1 if necessary1 of these critical programs2 7#e7 the ,united ,states ,government should continue to strongly press all members of the ,united ,nations1 including the countries of the ,,mena region1 to fully implement ,,unscr#aedj1 which imposes binding obligations on all ,united ,nations member states to adopt and enforce effective controls to prevent the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction1 their means of delivery1 and the illicit spread of related materials1 and the ,united ,states ,government should provide for and develop cooperative assistance programs aimed at more expeditiously implementing those responsibilities and controls2 7#f7 at a time of strained resources1 the ,united ,states needs a comprehensive and effective1 whole-of-government approach to global cooperative threat reduction and nonproliferation assistance programs that maintains the ability to provide assistance through both military and civilian channels1 seeks to cancel unnecessary or ineffective programs1 reduce and eliminate duplication or overlap1 and that maximizes the efficiency and effectiveness of ,united ,states assistance2 7#g7 the ,united ,states ,government should seek increased and sustained financial and other support from ,russia1 the ,european ,union and its member states1 ,china1 ,japan1 and other countries for stronger1 standardized1 and worldwide physical security for ,,wmd-related weapons and materials as well as for other international nonproliferation efforts1 particularly in the ,,mena region2 7#h7 the ,united ,states ,government should make clear that any states that provide ,,wmd to terrorist groups or individuals will face severe and grave retaliation involving all elements of ,united ,states power2 and 7#i7 the ,united ,states ,government should reassert and reinforce ,united ,states security commitments around the ,,mena region in order to assure allies that the pursuit of nuclear1 chemical1 or biological weapons or capabilities is not necessary or conducive to stability in this dangerous region4 #d4 ,strategy to prevent the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction in the ,middle ,east and ,north ,africa 7a7 ,in general ,the ,president shall establish a multi-year comprehensive regional assistance strategy to coordinate and advance ,,ctr and related nonproliferation efforts in the ,middle ,east and ,north ,africa 7in this section referred to as the ,,mena ,,ctr and ,nonproliferation ,strategy74 7b7 ,consultation ,in establishing the ,,mena ,,ctr and ,nonproliferation ,strategy1 the ,president shall consult with the appropriate congressional committees2 relevant ,federal departments and agencies1 including the ,departments of ,state1 ,defense1 ,energy1 and ,homeland ,security2 multilateral organizations2 international institutions2 representatives of civil society1 including leading nongovernmental and other experts2 and other entities that could assist in curbing the proliferation of nuclear1 chemical1 or biological weapons1 weapons components1 weapons-related materials1 their associated delivery vehicles1 and know-how4 7c7 ,elements ,the strategy required by subsection 7a7 shall include the following elements3 7#a7 ,a commitment to utilizing and building upon the cooperative model of success demonstrated by the last two decades of the ,nunn-,lugar ,,ctr ,program in the independent states of the former ,soviet ,union4 7#b7 ,a commitment to approach ,middle ,east and ,north ,africa nonproliferation issues on a regional basis as well as on a country-by-country basis4 7#c7 ,the expansion of current ,,ctr and other nonproliferation assistance programs in the ,,mena region and the initiation of new programs with new partner countries in the region as appropriate4 7#d7 ,planning to ensure that countries receiving such assistance in the ,middle ,east and ,north ,africa countries have an appropriate stake in the development of each country-specific strategy and are also contributing financially to the effort with an appropriate level of burden-sharing4 7#e7 ,a plan to more fully engage1 leverage1 and increase assistance1 financing1 and other support from partners in the international community for ,,ctr and nonproliferation assistance programs in the ,middle ,east and ,north ,africa1 which may include-- 7,a7 governments of other countries1 including ,russia1 ,japan1 ,china1 ,turkey1 and others with an interest in a safe1 secure1 and stable ,,mena region2 7,b7 the ,european ,union1 including the ,european ,council1 the ,european ,commission1 the ,european ,parliament1 and the associated member states of the ,european ,union2 7,c7 the ,north ,atlantic ,treaty ,organization and its member states2 7,d7 international institutions1 including the ,united ,nations1 the ,international ,atomic ,energy ,agency1 and others2 7,e7 international donors1 including philanthropists1 foundations1 and businesses interested in international nonproliferation efforts2 7,f7 multilateral partnerships1 like the ,group of ,eight or the ,group of ,twenty2 7,g7 ,middle ,east and ,north ,african regional institutions1 including the ,gulf ,cooperation ,council and the ,arab ,atomic ,energy ,agency2 or 7,h7 well-respected and prominent international nonprofit and nongovernmental organizations such as the ,nuclear ,threat ,initiative4 7d7 ,activities supported ,assistance authorized under subsection 7g7 in support of the ,,mena ,,ctr and ,nonproliferation ,strategy may be made available for programs and activities to address the challenges posed by the proliferation of nuclear1 chemical or biological weapons1 weapons components1 weapons-related materials1 and their delivery vehicles1 in the ,,mena region1 including innovative new assistance programs with new partner countries in the region4 7e7 ,coordination 7#a7 ,in general ,assistance authorized under subsection 7g7 in support of the ,,mena ,,ctr and ,nonproliferation ,strategy shall be integrated with pre-existing ,,ctr and nonproliferation programs1 and such assistance shall be coordinated between the relevant ,united ,states ,government agencies involved with ,,ctr or nonproliferation programming in the ,middle ,east and ,north ,africa4 7#b7 ,scope ,integration and coordination of the ,middle ,east and ,north ,africa ,,ctr and ,nonproliferation ,strategy required under subsection 7a7 should be the responsibility of the ,president and shall include-- 7,a7 an assessment to address where potential gaps in assistance may exist while also ensuring the elimination or reduction of any potential overlap or duplication in efforts2 7,b7 the establishment of appropriate metrics for determining success in the ,,mena region1 as well as metrics for prioritizing potential partner countries under consideration for ,middle ,east and ,north ,africa ,,ctr and nonproliferation programs2 7,c7 an effort to ensure that the ,,mena ,,ctr and ,nonproliferation ,strategy fits in the broader ,united ,states ,government-wide global ,,wmd threat reduction strategy and that assistance is properly aligned with ,united ,states policy goals in the ,,mena region2 7,d7 a formal plan to ensure the sustainability of coordination in the long term1 irrespective of the ,president and other officials in office or personalities in place1 including clear designations of agency and departmental responsibilities1 accountability1 and lines of communication and authorities2 7,e7 a description of ways to reduce the potential for stove-piping of information1 intelligence1 and activities between counterterrorism and counterproliferation programming2 and 7,f7 a plan to ensure the proper tracking and reporting of ,united ,states ,government-wide assistance in the ,,mena region4 7f7 ,reports 7#a7 ,initial report ,not later than #ahj days after the date of the enactment of this ,act1 the ,president shall submit to ,congress the strategy outlined in subsection 7a74 7#b7 ,annual report ,annually thereafter1 the ,president shall submit to ,congress a report1 in classified and unclassified form1 that describes the progress made by the ,president in implementing the ,,mena ,,ctr and ,nonproliferation ,strategy1 which should include a list of the activities and countries supported by the ,,mena ,,ctr and ,nonproliferation ,strategy1 the agencies and assistance levels utilized to implement the strategy1 and the extent to which specific program goals1 progress1 and milestones have been achieved over the course of the prior year4 7g7 ,assistance authorized ,there is authorized to be appropriated not less than #cj1jjj1jjj for each of fiscal years #bjad through #bjai to be utilized by the relevant executive agencies1 including the ,department of ,defense1 the ,department of ,state1 and the ,department of ,energy1 to implement the strategy outlined in subsection 7a74 #e4 ,report on ,,ctr and nonproliferation efforts in the ,middle ,east and ,north ,africa ,not later than #abj days after the date of the enactment of this ,act1 the ,president shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report detailing all current ,,ctr and related non-proliferation activities in the ,,mena region over the previous five years and all ,united ,states ,government funding contributed across each of the ,federal agencies in support of ,,ctr and related nonproliferation activities in the ,,mena region during that time period1 including the amount contributed1 the identity of the entity receiving such contribution and undertaking each funded activity1 the agency providing the contribution1 a brief summary of each specific project undertaken1 the specific nonproliferation objectives sought to be achieved by each project1 and the extent to which the objectives have been achieved4 #f4 ,reports on #bjad ,nuclear ,security ,summit in the ,netherlands 7a7 ,report on comprehensive objectives1 strategies1 and policies in the lead-,up to the #bjad ,nuclear ,security ,summit in the ,netherlands ,the ,president shall submit to ,congress a report1 in classified and unclassified forms1 that details the comprehensive objectives1 strategy1 and policies of the ,united ,states with respect to the upcoming #bjad ,nuclear ,security ,summit in the ,netherlands1 not later than #cj days prior to the ,summit4 7b7 ,follow-,up report on outcomes from the #bjad ,nuclear ,security ,summit in the ,netherlands ,not later than #ij days after the conclusion of the #bjad ,nuclear ,security ,summit in the ,netherlands1 the ,president shall submit to ,congress a report1 in classified and unclassified forms1 detailing the outcomes of the ,summit and the extent to which the ,united ,states ,government was able to accomplish the objectives1 strategies and policies detailed pursuant to subsection 7a74 #g4 ,definitions ,in this ,act3 7#a7 ,middle ,east and ,north ,africa ,the term ,middle ,east and ,north ,africa includes the countries or areas of ,algeria1 ,bahrain1 ,egypt1 ,iran1 ,iraq1 ,israel1 ,jordan1 ,kuwait1 ,lebanon1 ,libya1 ,morocco1 ,oman1 ,palestinian ,territories1 ,qatar1 ,saudi ,arabia1 ,syria1 ,tunisia1 ,united ,arab ,emirates1 and ,yemen4 7#b7 ,appropriate congressional committees ,the term appropriate congressional committees includes-- 7,a7 the ,committee on ,appropriations1 the ,committee on ,armed ,services1 the ,committee on ,foreign ,relations1 the ,committee on ,homeland ,security and ,governmental ,affairs1 and the ,committee on ,energy and ,natural ,resources of the ,senate2 and 7,b7 the ,committee on ,appropriations1 the ,committee on ,armed ,services1 the ,committee on ,foreign ,affairs1 the ,committee on ,homeland ,security1 and the ,committee on ,energy and ,commerce of the ,house of ,representatives4