,,ii  ,cal5d> ,no4 #fbf #aac? ,,congress
  #b;d ,session  ,h4 ,r4 #egei  ,,9 ,,! 
,,s5ate ,,( ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates         
,decemb] #h1 #bjad,receiv$2 read ! fir/ 
"t  ,decemb] #i1 #bjad,read ! second "t 
& plac$ on ! cal5d>  ,,an ,,act  ,to    
e/abli% a rule ( con/ruction cl>ify+ !  
limitations on executive au?ority to    
provide c]ta9 =ms ( immigration relief4 
#a4 ,%ort title ,?is ,act may be cit$ z 
! ,prev5t+ ,executive ,ov]rea* on       
,immigration ,act ( #bjad4  #b4 ,f9d+s  
,! ,congress f9ds z foll[s3  7#a7 ,"u   
article ,i1 section #h1 ( !             
,con/itution1 ! ,congress has ! p[] to  
e/abli% an uni=m ,rule (                
,naturalization4 ,z ! ,supreme ,c\rt    
f\nd 9 ,galvan v4 ,press1 t ! =mulation 
( 99 99 99 policies p]ta9+ to ! entry ( 
ali5s & _! "r to rema9 "h is entru/$    
exclusively to ,congress has become ab\t
 z firmly imb$d$ 9 ! legislative &      
judicial tissues ( our body politic z   
any aspect ( our gov]nm5t4  7#b7 ,"u    
article ,,ii1 section #c1 ( !           

,con/itution1 ! ,presid5t is requir$ to 
take ,c>e t ! ,laws be fai?fully        
execut$4  7#c7 ,hi/orically1 executive  
bran* (ficials h legitimately ex]cis$ _!
 prosecutorial discretion ?r\gh _!      
con/itutional p[] ov] =eign affairs to  
p]mit individuals or n>r[ gr\ps (       
noncitiz5s to rema9 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates   
tempor>ily due to extraord9>y           
circum/ances 9 _! c\ntry ( orig9 t pose 
an imm95t ?reat to ! individuals' life  
or physical safety4  7#d7 ,prosecutorial
 discretion g5]ally ought to be appli$  
on a case-by-case basis & n to :ole     
categories ( p]sons4  7#e7 ,presid5t    
,obama himself has /at$ at lea/ #bb     
times 9 ! pa/ t he c't ignore exi/+     
immigration law or create 8 own         
immigration law4  7#f7 ,presid5t        
,obama's grant ( def]r$ action to m ?an 
#d1jjj1jjj unlawfully pres5t ali5s1 z   
direct$ 9 a ,novemb] #bj1 #bjad1        
memor&um issu$ by ,secret>y ( ,homel&   
,security ,jeh ,*>les ,johnson1 is )\t  
any con/itutional or /atutory basis4    

#c4 ,rule ( con/ruction  7a7 ,9 g5]al   
,not)/&+ any o!r law1 ! executive bran* 
( ! ,gov]nm5t %all n--  7#a7 exempt or  
def]1 by ,executive ord]1 regulation1 or
 any o!r means1 categories ( ali5s      
consid]$ "u ! immigration laws 7z def9$ 
9 section #aja7;a77#ag7 ( ! ,immigration
 & ,nationality ,act 7#h ,u4,s4,c4      
#aaja7;a77#ag777 to be unlawfully pres5t
 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates f removal "u su*     
laws2  7#b7 treat su* ali5s z if !y 7   
lawfully pres5t or _h a lawful          
immigration /atus2 or  7#c7 treat su*   
ali5s o!r ?an z unau?oriz$ ali5s 7z     
def9$ 9 section #bgd;,a7h77#c7 ( !      
,immigration & ,nationality ,act 7#h    
,u4,s4,c4 #acbd;a7h77#c7774  7b7        
,exceptions ,subsection 7a7 %all apply  
except--  7#a7 to ! ext5t prohibit$ by !
 ,con/itution2  7#b7 ^u ! reque/ (      
,f$]al1 ,/ate1 or local law en=cem5t    
ag5cies1 = purposes ( ma9ta9+ ali5s 9 ! 
,unit$ ,/ates to be tri$ = crimes or to 
be witnesses at trial2 or  7#c7 =       
humanit>ian purposes :]e ! ali5s are at 

imm95t risk ( s]i\s bodily h>m or dea?4 
7c7 ,effect ( executive action ,any     
action by ! executive bran* ) ! purpose 
( circumv5t+ ! objectives ( ?is section 
%all be null & void & )\t legal effect4 
7d7 ,effective date ,?is section %all   
take effect z if enact$ on ,novemb] #bj1
 #bjad1 & %all apply to reque/s         
7reg>dless ( :e!r ! reque/ is orig9al or
 = reop5+ ( a previ\sly d5i$ reque/7    
submitt$ on or aft] su* date =--  7#a7  
"w au?orization2 or  7#b7 exemption f1  
or def]ral (1 removal4  ,pass$ ! ,h\se (
 ,repres5tatives ,decemb] #d1 #bjad4,k>5
 ,l4 ,haas1,cl]k  ,decemb] #i1          
#bjad,read ! second "t & plac$ on !     
cal5d>