,i  #aac? ,,congress  #b;d ,session  ,h4
 ,r4 #egda  ,,9 ,,! ,,h\se ,,(          
,,repres5tatives  ,novemb] #ai1 #bjad   
,mr4 ,holt 7= himself1 ,mr4 ,l>son (    
,connecticut1 ,ms4 ,matsui1 ,mrs4       
,napolitano1 ,ms4 ,kaptur1 ,ms4 ,edw>ds1
 ,mr4 ,g5e ,gre5 ( ,texas1 ,ms4 ,br[n ( 
,florida1 ,ms4 ,p+ree ( ,ma9e1 ,mr4     
,israel1 ,mr4 ,ellison1 ,mr4 ,coh51     
,mrs4 ,l[ey1 ,mr4 ,grijalva1 ,mrs4      
,mc,carthy ( ,new ,york1 ,ms4 ,norton1  
,mr4 ,scott ( ,virg9ia1 ,mr4 ,blum5au]1 
,mr4 ,s]rano1 ,mr4 ,s*iff1 ,mr4 ,waxman1
 ,mr4 ,s>banes1 ,mr4 ,mc,dermott1 ,mrs4 
,beatty1 ,mr4 ,capuano1 ,mr4 ,ri*mond1  
,ms4 ,lee ( ,cali=nia1 ,ms4 ,mc,collum1 
,mr4 ,honda1 ,mr4 ,cumm+s1 ,mr4         
,o',r\rke1 ,mr4 ,g>am5di1 ,mr4 ,meeks1  
,mr4 ,pocan1 ,mr4 ,tonko1 ,mr4 ,ha/+s ( 
,florida1 ,mr4 ,rangel1 ,ms4 ,wass]man  
,s*ultz1 ,mr4 ,moran1 ,mr4 ,l>s5 (      
,wa%+ton1 ,mr4 ,johnson ( ,georgia1 ,mr4
 ,polis1 & ,ms4 ,de,gette7 introduc$ !  
foll[+ bill2 :i* 0 ref]r$ to !          
,committee on ,h\se ,adm9i/ration1 & 9  

addition to ! ,committee on ,sci5ce1    
,space1 & ,te*nology1 = a p]iod to be   
subsequ5tly det]m9$ by ! ,speak]1 9 ea* 
case = consid]ation ( su* provisions z  
fall )9 ! jurisdiction ( ! committee    
conc]n$  ,a ,,bill  ,to am5d ! ,help    
,am]ica ,vote ,act ( #bjjb to require a 
vot]-v]ifi$ p]man5t pap] ballot "u title
 ,,iii ( su* ,act1 & = o!r purposes4    
#a4 ,%ort title2 ,table ( ,cont5ts  7a7 
,%ort ,title ,?is ,act may be cit$ z !  
,vot] ,confid5ce & ,increas$            
,accessibility ,act ( #bjad4  7b7 ,table
 ( ,cont5ts ,! table ( cont5ts ( ?is    
,act is z foll[s3  ,sec4 #a4 ,%ort      
title2 table ( cont5ts4 ,title          
,i--,promot+ ,accuracy1 ,integrity1 &   
,security ,?r\gh ,vot]-v]ifi$ ,p]man5t  
,pap] ,ballot ,sec4 #aja4 ,pap] ballot &
 manual c\nt+ requirem5ts4 ,sec4 #ajb4  
,accessibility & ballot v]ification =   
individuals ) disabilities4 ,sec4 #ajc4 
,additional vot+ sy/em requirem5ts4     
,sec4 #ajd4 ,availability ( additional  
fund+ to enable ,/ates to meet co/s (   

revis$ requirem5ts4 ,sec4 #aje4         
,effective date = new requirem5ts4      
,title ,,ii--,enhancem5t ( ,en=cem5t    
,sec4 #bja4 ,enhancem5t ( en=cem5t (    
,help ,am]ica ,vote ,act ( #bjjb4 ,title
 ,,iii--,requirem5t = ,m&atory ,manual  
,audits by ,h& ,c\nt ,sec4 #cja4        
,m&atory manual audits4  ,sec4 #cba4    
,requir+ audits ( results ( elections4  
,sec4 #cbb4 ,numb] ( ballots c\nt$ "u   
audit4 ,sec4 #cbc4 ,process = adm9i/]+  
audits4 ,sec4 #cbd4 ,selection (        
prec9cts4 ,sec4 #cbe4 ,publication (    
results4 ,sec4 #cbf4 ,paym5ts to ,/ates4
 ,sec4 #cbg4 ,exception = elections     
subject to rec\nt "u ,/ate law prior to 
c]tification4 ,sec4 #cbh4 ,effective    
date4 ,sec4 #cjb4 ,availability (       
en=cem5t "u ,help ,am]ica ,vote ,act (  
#bjjb4 ,sec4 #cjc4 ,guidance on be/     
practices = alt]native audit me*anisms4 
,sec4 #cjd4 ,cl]ical am5dm5t4 ,title    
,,iv--,repeal ( ,exemption ( ,election  
,assi/ance ,commission ,f ,c]ta9        
,gov]nm5t ,contract+ ,requirem5ts ,sec4 

#dja4 ,repeal ( exemption ( ,election   
,assi/ance ,commission f c]ta9 gov]nm5t 
contract+ requirem5ts4 ,title           
,v--,effective ,date ,sec4 #eja4        
,effective date4  ,i ,promot+ accuracy1 
integrity1 & security ?r\gh vot]-v]ifi$ 
p]man5t pap] ballot  #aja4 ,pap] ,ballot
 & ,manual ,c\nt+ ,requirem5ts  7a7 ,9  
g5]al ,section #cja7;a77#b7 ( ! ,help   
,am]ica ,vote ,act ( #bjjb 7#db         
,u4,s4,c4 #aedha7;a77#b77 is am5d$ to   
read z foll[s3  7#b7 ,pap] ballot       
requirem5t  7,a7 ,vot]-v]ifi$ pap]      
ballots  7i7 ,pap] ballot requirem5t    
7,i7 ,! vot+ sy/em %all require ! use ( 
an individual1 durable1 vot]-v]ifi$1    
pap] ballot ( ! vot]'s vote t %all be   
m>k$ & made available = inspection &    
v]ification by ! vot] be=e ! vot]'s vote
 is ca/ & c\nt$1 & :i* %all be c\nt$ by 
h& or read by an optical scann] or o!r  
c\nt+ device4 ,= purposes ( ?is         
subclause1 ! t]m individual1 durable1   
vot]-v]ifi$1 pap] ballot means a pap]   
ballot m>k$ by ! vot] by h& or a pap]   

ballot m>k$ ?r\gh ! use ( a nontabulat+ 
ballot m>k+ device or sy/em1 s long z ! 
vot] %all h ! option to m>k 8 or h]     
ballot by h&4  7,,ii7 ,! vot+ sy/em %all
 provide ! vot] ) an opportunity to     
correct any error on ! pap] ballot be=e 
! p]man5t vot]-v]ifi$ pap] ballot is    
pres]v$ 9 accordance ) clause 7ii74     
7,,iii7 ,! vot+ sy/em %all n pres]ve !  
vot]-v]ifi$ pap] ballots 9 any mann] t  
makes x possible1 at any "t aft] !      
ballot has be5 ca/1 to associate a vot] 
) ! record ( ! vot]'s vote )\t ! vot]'s 
cons5t4  7ii7 ,pres]vation z (ficial    
record ,! individual1 durable1          
vot]-v]ifi$1 pap] ballot us$ 9          
accordance ) clause 7i7 %all con/itute !
 (ficial ballot & %all be pres]v$ & us$ 
z ! (ficial ballot = purposes ( any     
rec\nt or audit conduct$ ) respect to   
any election = ,f$]al (fice 9 :i* ! vot+
 sy/em is us$4  7iii7 ,manual c\nt+     
requirem5ts = rec\nts & audits  7,i7    
,ea* pap] ballot us$ pursuant to clause 
7i7 %all be suitable = a manual audit1 &

 %all be c\nt$ by h& 9 any rec\nt or    
audit conduct$ ) respect to any election
 = ,f$]al (fice4  7,,ii7 ,9 ! ev5t ( any
 inconsi/5cies or irregul>ities betwe5  
any electronic vote tallies & ! vote    
tallies det]m9$ by c\nt+ by h& !        
individual1 durable1 vot]-v]ifi$1 pap]  
ballots us$ pursuant to clause 7i71 &   
subject to subp>agraph 7,b71 !          
individual1 durable1 vot]-v]ifi$1 pap]  
ballots %all be ! true & correct record 
( ! votes ca/4  7iv7 ,application to all
 ballots ,! requirem5ts ( ?is           
subp>agraph %all apply to all ballots   
ca/ 9 elections = ,f$]al (fice1 includ+ 
ballots ca/ by abs5t uni=m$ s]vices     
vot]s & ov]seas vot]s "u ! ,uni=m$ &    
,ov]seas ,citiz5s ,abs5tee ,vot+ ,act & 
o!r abs5tee vot]s4  7,b7 ,special rule =
 treatm5t ( disputes :5 pap] ballots h  
be5 %[n to be compromis$  7i7 ,9 g5]al  
,9 ! ev5t t--  7,i7 !re is any          
inconsi/5cy betwe5 any electronic vote  
tallies & ! vote tallies det]m9$ by     
c\nt+ by h& ! individual1 durable1      

vot]-v]ifi$1 pap] ballots us$ pursuant  
to subp>agraph 7,a77i7 ) respect to any 
election = ,f$]al (fice2 &  7,,ii7 x is 
demon/rat$ by cle> & conv9c+ evid5ce 7z 
det]m9$ 9 accordance ) ! applicable     
/&>ds 9 ! jurisdiction involv$7 9 any   
rec\nt1 audit1 or conte/ ( ! result ( ! 
election t ! pap] ballots h be5         
compromis$ 7by damage or mis*ief or     
o!rwise7 & t a suffici5t numb] ( !      
ballots h be5 s compromis$ t ! result ( 
! election c\ld be *ang$1  ! det]m9ation
 ( ! appropriate rem$y ) respect to !   
election %all be made 9 accordance )    
applicable ,/ate law1 except t !        
electronic tally %all n be us$ z !      
exclusive basis = det]m9+ ! (ficial     
c]tifi$ result4  7ii7 ,rule =           
consid]ation ( ballots associat$ ) ea*  
vot+ ma*9e ,= purposes ( clause 7i71    
only ! pap] ballots deem$ compromis$1 if
 any1 %all be consid]$ 9 ! calculation (
 :e!r or n ! result ( ! election c\ld be
 *ang$ due to ! compromis$ pap] ballots4
  4  7b7 ,con=m+ am5dm5t cl>ify+        

applicability ( alt]native language     
accessibility ,section #cja7;a77#d7 (   
su* ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #aedha7;a77#d77 
is am5d$ by ins]t+ 7includ+ ! pap]      
ballots requir$ to be us$ "u p>agraph   
7#b77 aft] vot+ sy/em4  7c7 ,o!r con=m+ 
am5dm5ts ,section #cja7;a77#a7 ( su*    
,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #aedha7;a77#a77 is  
am5d$--  7#a7 9 subp>agraph 7,a77i71 by 
/rik+ c\nt$ & ins]t+ c\nt$1 9 accordance
 ) p>agraphs 7#b7 & 7#c72  7#b7 9       
subp>agraph 7,a77ii71 by /rik+ c\nt$ &  
ins]t+ c\nt$1 9 accordance ) p>agraphs  
7#b7 & 7#c72  7#c7 9 subp>agraph        
7,a77iii71 by /rik+ c\nt$ ea* place x   
appe>s & ins]t+ c\nt$1 9 accordance )   
p>agraphs 7#b7 & 7#c72 &  7#d7 9        
subp>agraph 7,b77ii71 by /rik+ c\nt$ &  
ins]t+ c\nt$1 9 accordance ) p>agraphs  
7#b7 & 7#c74  #ajb4 ,accessibility &    
,ballot ,v]ification = ,individuals ,)  
,disabilities  7a7 ,9 g5]al ,section    
#cja7;a77#c77;,b7 ( ! ,help ,am]ica     
,vote ,act ( #bjjb 7#db ,u4,s4,c4       
#aedha7;a77#c77;,b77 is am5d$ to read z 

foll[s3  7,b7  7i7 satisfy ! requirem5t 
( subp>agraph 7,a7 ?r\gh ! use ( at lea/
 "o vot+ sy/em equipp$ = individuals )  
disabilities1 includ+ nonvisual &       
enhanc$ visual accessibility = ! bl9d & 
visually impair$1 & nonmanual & enhanc$ 
manual accessibility = ! mobility &     
dext]ity impair$1 at ea* poll+ place2 & 
7ii7 meet ! requirem5ts ( subp>agraph   
7,a7 & p>agraph 7#b77;,a7 by us+ a sy/em
 t--  7,i7 all[s ! vot] to privately &  
indep5d5tly v]ify ! p]man5t pap] ballot 
?r\gh ! pres5tation1 9 accessible =m1 ( 
! pr9t$ or m>k$ vote selections f ! same
 pr9t$ or m>k$ in=mation t w\ld be us$ =
 any vote c\nt+ or audit+2 &  7,,ii7    
all[s ! vot] to privately & indep5d5tly 
v]ify & ca/ ! p]man5t pap] ballot )\t   
requir+ ! vot] to manually h&le ! pap]  
ballot2 &  4  7b7 ,specific requirem5t (
 /udy1 te/+1 & developm5t ( accessible  
pap] ballot v]ification me*anisms  7#a7 
,/udy & report+ ,subtitle ,c ( title    
,,ii ( su* ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #aecha et
 seq47 is am5d$--  7,a7 by r$esignat+   

section #bdg z section #bdh2 &  7,b7 by 
ins]t+ aft] section #bdf ! foll[+ new   
section3  #bdg4 ,/udy & report on       
accessible pap] ballot v]ification      
me*anisms  7a7 ,/udy & ,report ,!       
,director ( ! ,national ,sci5ce         
,f\ndation %all make grants to n few]   
?an #c eligible entities to /udy1 te/1 &
 develop accessible pap] ballot vot+1   
v]ification1 & ca/+ me*anisms & devices 
& be/ practices to enhance !            
accessibility ( pap] ballot vot+ &      
v]ification me*anisms = individuals )   
disabilities1 = vot]s ^: prim>y language
 is n ,engli%1 & = vot]s ) difficulties 
9 lit]acy1 includ+ be/ practices = !    
me*anisms !mselves & ! processes ?r\gh  
:i* ! me*anisms are us$4  7b7           
,eligibility ,an entity is eligible to  
receive a grant "u ?is "p if x submits  
to ! ,director 7at su* "t & 9 su* =m z !
 ,director may require7 an application  
conta9+--  7#a7 c]tifications t ! entity
 %all specifically inve/igate enhanc$   
me?ods or devices1 includ+              

non-electronic devices1 t w assi/ su*   
individuals & vot]s 9 m>k+ vot]-v]ifi$  
pap] ballots & pres5t+ or transmitt+ !  
in=mation pr9t$ or m>k$ on su* ballots  
back to su* individuals & vot]s1 & ca/+ 
su* ballots2  7#b7 a c]tification t !   
entity %all complete ! activities c>ri$ 
out ) ! grant n lat] ?an ,decemb] #ca1  
#bjaf2 &  7#c7 su* o!r in=mation &      
c]tifications z ! ,director may require4
  7c7 ,availability ( ,te*nology ,any   
te*nology develop$ ) ! grants made "u   
?is section %all be treat$ z            
non-propriet>y & %all be made available 
to ! public1 includ+ to manufactur]s (  
vot+ sy/ems4  7d7 ,coord9ation ,)       
,grants = ,te*nology ,improvem5ts ,!    
,director %all c>ry out ?is section s t 
! activities c>ri$ out ) ! grants made  
"u subsection 7a7 are coord9at$ ) !     
rese>* conduct$ "u ! grant program c>ri$
 out by ! ,commission "u section #bga1  
to ! ext5t t ! ,director & ,commission  
det]m9e necess>y to provide = !         
advancem5t ( accessible vot+ te*nology4 

7e7 ,au?orization ( ,appropriations ,!re
 are au?oriz$ to be appropriat$ to c>ry 
out subsection 7a7 #e1jjj1jjj1 to rema9 
available until exp5d$4  4  7#b7        
,cl]ical am5dm5t ,! table ( cont5ts (   
su* ,act is am5d$--  7,a7 by r$esignat+ 
! item relat+ to section #bdg z relat+  
to section #bdh2 &  7,b7 by ins]t+ aft] 
! item relat+ to section #bdf ! foll[+  
new item3  ,sec4 #bdg4 ,/udy & report on
 accessible pap] ballot v]ification     
me*anisms4  4  7c7 ,cl>ification (      
accessibility /&>ds "u volunt>y vot+    
sy/em guidance ,9 adopt+ any volunt>y   
guidance "u subtitle ,b ( title ,,iii ( 
! ,help ,am]ica ,vote ,act ) respect to 
! accessibility ( ! pap] ballot         
v]ification requirem5ts = individuals ) 
disabilities1 ! ,election ,assi/ance    
,commission %all include & apply ! same 
accessibility /&>ds applicable "u !     
volunt>y guidance adopt$ = accessible   
vot+ sy/ems "u su* subtitle4  7d7       
,p]mitt+ ,use ( ,funds = ,protection &  
,advocacy ,sy/ems ,to ,support ,actions 

,to ,en=ce ,election-,relat$ ,disability
 ,access ,section #bib7;a7 ( ! ,help    
,am]ica ,vote ,act ( #bjjb 7#db         
,u4,s4,c4 #aedfb7;a77 is am5d$ by /rik+ 
2 except t & all t foll[s & ins]t+ a    
p]iod4  #ajc4 ,additional ,vot+ ,sy/em  
,requirem5ts  7a7 ,requirem5ts describ$ 
,section #cja7;a7 ( ! ,help ,am]ica     
,vote ,act ( #bjjb 7#db ,u4,s4,c4       
#aedha7;a77 is am5d$ by add+ at ! end ! 
foll[+ new p>agraphs3  7#g7 ,prohibit+  
use ( unc]tifi$ election-d$icat$ vot+   
sy/em te*nologies2 disclosure           
requirem5ts  7,a7 ,9 g5]al ,a vot+ sy/em
 us$ 9 an election = ,f$]al (fice 9 a   
,/ate may n at any "t dur+ ! election   
conta9 or use any election-d$icat$ vot+ 
sy/em te*nology--  7i7 :i* has n be5    
c]tifi$ by ! ,/ate = use 9 ! election2 &
  7ii7 :i* has n be5 deposit$ ) an      
accr$it$ laboratory describ$ 9 section  
#bca to be held 9 escr[ & disclos$ 9    
accordance ) ?is section4  7,b7         
,requirem5t = disclosure & limitation on
 re/rict+ disclosure ,an accr$it$       

laboratory "u section #bca ) :om an     
election-d$icat$ vot+ sy/em te*nology   
has be5 deposit$ %all--  7i7 hold !     
te*nology 9 escr[2 &  7ii7 disclose     
te*nology & in=mation reg>d+ ! te*nology
 to ano!r p]son if--  7,i7 ! p]son is a 
qualifi$ p]son describ$ 9 subp>agraph   
7,c7 :o has ent]$ into a nondisclosure  
agreem5t ) respect to ! te*nology :i*   
meets ! requirem5ts ( subp>agraph 7,d72 
or  7,,ii7 ! laboratory is p]mitt$ or   
requir$ to disclose ! te*nology to !    
p]son "u ,/ate law1 9 accordance ) !    
t]ms & conditions applicable "u su* law4
  7,c7 ,qualifi$ p]sons describ$ ,)     
respect to ! disclosure (               
election-d$icat$ vot+ sy/em te*nology by
 a laboratory "u subp>agraph            
7,b77ii77,i71 a qualifi$ p]son is any ( 
! foll[+3  7i7 ,a gov]nm5tal entity )   
responsibility = ! adm9i/ration ( vot+ &
 election-relat$ matt]s = purposes (    
review+1 analyz+1 or report+ on !       
te*nology4  7ii7 ,a p>ty to pre- or     
po/-election litigation *all5g+ ! result

 ( an election or ! adm9i/ration or use 
( ! te*nology us$ 9 an election1 includ+
 b n limit$ to election conte/s or      
*all5ges to ! c]tification ( !          
te*nology1 or an exp]t = a p>ty to su*  
litigation1 = purposes ( review+ or     
analyz+ ! te*nology to support or oppose
 ! litigation1 & all p>ties to !        
litigation %all h access to ! te*nology 
= su* purposes4  7iii7 ,a p]son n       
describ$ 9 clause 7i7 or 7ii7 :o        
reviews1 analyzes1 or reports on !      
te*nology solely = an academic1         
sci5tific1 te*nological1 or o!r         
inve/igation or inquiry conc]n+ !       
accuracy or integrity ( ! te*nology4    
7,d7 ,requirem5ts = nondisclosure       
agreem5ts ,a nondisclosure agreem5t     
ent]$ into ) respect to an              
election-d$icat$ vot+ sy/em te*nology   
meets ! requirem5ts ( ?is subp>agraph if
 ! agreem5t--  7i7 is limit$ 9 scope to 
cov]age ( ! te*nology disclos$ "u       
subp>agraph 7,b7 & any trade secrets &  
intellectual prop]ty rights relat$      

!reto2  7ii7 does n prohibit a signatory
 f ent]+ into o!r nondisclosure         
agreem5ts to review o!r te*nologies "u  
?is p>agraph2  7iii7 exempts f cov]age  
any in=mation ! signatory lawfully      
obta9$ f ano!r s\rce or any in=mation 9 
! public doma92  7iv7 rema9s 9 effect = 
n long] ?an ! life ( any trade secret or
 o!r intellectual prop]ty "r relat$     
!reto2  7v7 prohibits ! use (           
injunctions b>r+ a signatory f c>ry+ out
 any activity au?oriz$ "u subp>agraph   
7,c71 includ+ injunctions limit$ to !   
p]iod prior to a trial involv+ !        
te*nology2  7vi7 is sil5t z to damages  
aw>d$ = brea* ( ! agreem5t1 o!r ?an a   
ref]5ce to damages available "u         
applicable law2  7vii7 all[s disclosure 
( evid5ce ( crime1 includ+ 9 response to
 a subpo5a or w>rant2  7viii7 all[s !   
signatory to p]=m analyses on !         
te*nology 7includ+ by execut+ !         
te*nology71 disclose reports & analyses 
t describe op]ational issues p]ta9+ to !
 te*nology 7includ+ vuln]abilities to   

tamp]+1 errors1 risks associat$ ) use1  
failures z a result ( use1 & o!r        
problems71 & describe or expla9 :y or h[
 a vot+ sy/em fail$ or o!rwise did n    
p]=m z int5d$2 &  7ix7 provides t !     
agreem5t %all be gov]n$ by ! trade      
secret laws ( ! applicable ,/ate4  7,e7 
,election-d$icat$ vot+ sy/em te*nology  
def9$ ,= purposes ( ?is p>agraph3  7i7  
,9 g5]al ,! t]m election-d$icat$ vot+   
sy/em te*nology means ! foll[+3  7,i7 ,!
 s\rce code us$ = ! tru/$ build & its   
file signatures4  7,,ii7 ,a complete    
disk image ( ! pre-build1 build         
environm5t1 & any file signatures to    
validate t x is unmodifi$4  7,,iii7 ,a  
complete disk image ( ! po/-build1 build
 environm5t1 & any file signatures to   
validate t x is unmodifi$4  7,,iv7 ,all 
executable code produc$ by ! tru/$ build
 & any file signatures to validate t x  
is unmodifi$4  7,v7 ,in/allation devices
 & s(tw>e file signatures4  7ii7        
,exclusion ,su* t]m does n include      
comm]cial-(f-!-%elf s(tw>e & h>dw>e     

def9$ "u ! #bjje volunt>y vot+ sy/em    
guidel9es adopt$ by ! ,commission "u    
section #bbb4  7#h7 ,prohibition ( use (
 wireless communications devices 9      
sy/ems or devices ,no sy/em or device ^u
 :i* ballots are programm$ or votes are 
ca/ or tabulat$ %all conta91 use1 or be 
accessible by any wireless1 p[]-l9e1 or 
conceal$ communication device1 except t 
enclos$ infr>$ communications devices   
:i* are c]tifi$ = use 9 su* device by ! 
,/ate & :i* _c be us$ = any remote or   
wide area communications or us$ )\t ! k 
( poll work]s %all be p]mitt$4  7#i7    
,prohibit+ connection ( sy/em to !      
int]net  7,a7 ,9 g5]al ,no sy/em or     
device ^u :i* ballots are programm$ or  
votes are ca/ or tabulat$ %all be       
connect$ to ! ,int]net at any "t4  7,b7 
,rule ( con/ruction ,no?+ conta9$ 9 ?is 
p>agraph %all be deem$ to prohibit !    
,commission f conduct+ ! /udies "u      
section #bdb or to conduct o!r simil>   
/udies "u any o!r provision ( law 9 a   
mann] consi/5t ) ?is p>agraph4  7#aj7   

,security /&>ds = vot+ sy/ems us$ 9     
,f$]al elections  7,a7 ,9 g5]al ,no vot+
 sy/em may be us$ 9 an election = ,f$]al
 (fice unless ! manufactur] ( su* sy/em 
& ! election (ficials us+ su* sy/em meet
 ! applicable requirem5ts describ$ 9    
subp>agraph 7,b74  7,b7 ,requirem5ts    
describ$ ,! requirem5ts describ$ 9 ?is  
subp>agraph are z foll[s3  7i7 ,!       
manufactur] & ! election (ficials %all  
docum5t ! secure *a9 ( cu/ody = ! h&l+ (
 all s(tw>e1 h>dw>e1 vote /orage m$ia1  
blank ballots1 & complet$ ballots us$ 9 
connection ) vot+ sy/ems1 & %all make ! 
in=mation available ^u reque/ to !      
,commission4  7ii7 ,! manufactur] %all  
disclose to an accr$it$ laboratory "u   
section #bca & to ! appropriate election
 (ficial any in=mation requir$ to be    
disclos$ "u p>agraph 7#g74  7iii7 ,aft] 
! appropriate election (ficial has      
c]tifi$ ! election-d$icat$ & o!r vot+   
sy/em s(tw>e = use 9 an election1 !     
manufactur] may n--  7,i7 alt] su*      
s(tw>e2 or  7,,ii7 ins]t or use 9 ! vot+

 sy/em any s(tw>e1 s(tw>e pat*1 or o!r  
s(tw>e modification n c]tifi$ by ! ,/ate
 = use 9 ! election4  7iv7 ,at ! reque/ 
( ! ,commission--  7,i7 ! appropriate   
election (ficial %all submit in=mation  
to ! ,commission reg>d+ ! ,/ate's       
compliance ) ?is subp>agraph2 &  7,,ii7 
! manufactur] %all submit in=mation to !
 ,commission reg>d+ ! manufactur]'s     
compliance ) ?is subp>agraph4  7,c7     
,developm5t & publication ( be/         
practices ( secure *a9 ( cu/ody ,n lat] 
?an ,augu/ #a1 #bjae1 ! ,commission %all
 develop & make publicly available be/  
practices reg>d+ ! requirem5t (         
subp>agraph 7,b77i7 & 7,b77iii71 & 9 !  
case ( subp>agraph 7,b77iii71 %all      
include be/ practices = c]tify+ s(tw>e  
pat*es & m9or s(tw>e modifications "u   
%ort deadl9es4  7,d7 ,disclosure (      
secure *a9 ( cu/ody ,! ,commission %all 
make in=mation provid$ to ! ,commission 
"u subp>agraph 7,b77i7 available to any 
p]son ^u reque/4  7#aa7 ,durability &   
readability requirem5ts = ballots  7,a7 

,durability requirem5ts = pap] ballots  
7i7 ,9 g5]al ,all vot]-v]ifi$ pap]      
ballots requir$ to be us$ "u ?is ,act   
%all be m>k$ or pr9t$ on durable pap]4  
7ii7 ,def9ition ,= purposes ( ?is ,act1 
pap] is durable if x is capable ( )/&+  
multiple c\nts & rec\nts by h& )\t      
compromis+ ! fundam5tal integrity ( !   
ballots1 & capable ( reta9+ ! in=mation 
m>k$ or pr9t$ on !m = ! full duration ( 
a ret5tion & pres]vation p]iod ( #bb    
mon?s4  7,b7 ,readability requirem5ts = 
pap] ballots m>k$ by ballot m>k+ device 
,all vot]-v]ifi$ pap] ballots complet$  
by ! vot] ?r\gh ! use ( a ballot m>k+   
device %all be cle>ly readable by ! vot]
 )\t assi/ance 7o!r ?an eyeglasses or   
o!r p]sonal vision enhanc+ devices7 & by
 a scann] or o!r device equipp$ =       
individuals ) disabilities4  4  7b7     
,requir+ laboratories ,to meet /&>ds    
prohibit+ conflicts ( int]e/ z condition
 ( accr$itation = te/+ ( vot+ sy/em     
h>dw>e & s(tw>e  7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,section 
#bca7;b7 ( su* ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4      

#aecga7;b77 is am5d$ by add+ at ! end ! 
foll[+ new p>agraphs3  7#c7 ,prohibit+  
conflicts ( int]e/2 ensur+ availability 
( results  7,a7 ,9 g5]al ,a laboratory  
may n be accr$it$ by ! ,commission =    
purposes ( ?is section unless--  7i7 !  
laboratory c]tifies t ! only comp5sation
 x receives = ! te/+ c>ri$ out 9        
connection ) ! c]tification1            
dec]tification1 & rec]tification ( !    
manufactur]'s vot+ sy/em h>dw>e & s(tw>e
 is ! paym5t made f ! ,te/+ ,escr[      
,acc\nt "u p>agraph 7#d72  7ii7 !       
laboratory meets su* /&>ds z !          
,commission %all e/abli% 7aft] notice & 
opportunity = public comm5t7 to prev5t !
 exi/5ce or appe>ance ( any conflict (  
int]e/ 9 ! te/+ c>ri$ out by !          
laboratory "u ?is section1 includ+ /&>ds
 to ensure t ! laboratory does n h a    
f9ancial int]e/ 9 ! manufacture1 sale1 &
 di/ribution ( vot+ sy/em h>dw>e &      
s(tw>e1 & is suffici5tly indep5d5t f o!r
 p]sons ) su* an int]e/2  7iii7 !       
laboratory c]tifies t x w p]mit an exp]t

 designat$ by ! ,commission or by !     
,/ate requir+ c]tification ( ! sy/em be+
 te/$ to obs]ve any te/+ ! laboratory   
c>ries out "u ?is section2 &  7iv7 !    
laboratory1 ^u completion ( any te/+    
c>ri$ out "u ?is section1 discloses !   
te/ protocols1 results1 & all           
communication betwe5 ! laboratory & !   
manufactur] to ! ,commission4  7,b7     
,availability ( results ,^u receipt (   
in=mation "u subp>agraph 7,a71 !        
,commission %all make ! in=mation       
available promptly to election (ficials 
& ! public4  7#d7 ,proc$ures = conduct+ 
te/+2 paym5t ( us] fees = comp5sation ( 
accr$it$ laboratories  7,a7 ,e/abli%m5t 
( escr[ acc\nt ,! ,commission %all      
e/abli% an escr[ acc\nt 7to be kn[n z ! 
,te/+ ,escr[ ,acc\nt7 = mak+ paym5ts to 
accr$it$ laboratories = ! co/s ( ! te/+ 
c>ri$ out 9 connection ) ! c]tification1
 dec]tification1 & rec]tification ( vot+
 sy/em h>dw>e & s(tw>e4  7,b7 ,s*$ule ( 
fees ,9 consultation ) ! accr$it$       
laboratories1 ! ,commission %all e/abli%

 & regul>ly update a s*$ule ( fees = !  
te/+ c>ri$ out 9 connection ) !         
c]tification1 dec]tification1 &         
rec]tification ( vot+ sy/em h>dw>e &    
s(tw>e1 bas$ on ! reasonable co/s       
expect$ to be incurr$ by ! accr$it$     
laboratories 9 c>ry+ out ! te/+ = v>i\s 
types ( h>dw>e & s(tw>e4  7,c7 ,reque/s 
& paym5ts by manufactur]s ,a manufactur]
 ( vot+ sy/em h>dw>e & s(tw>e may n h ! 
h>dw>e or s(tw>e te/$ by an accr$it$    
laboratory "u ?is section unless--  7i7 
! manufactur] submits a detail$ reque/ =
 ! te/+ to ! ,commission2 &  7ii7 !     
manufactur] pays to ! ,commission1 =    
deposit into ! ,te/+ ,escr[ ,acc\nt     
e/abli%$ "u subp>agraph 7,a71 !         
applicable fee "u ! s*$ule e/abli%$ & 9 
effect "u subp>agraph 7,b74  7,d7       
,selection ( laboratory ,^u receiv+ a   
reque/ = te/+ & ! paym5t f a manufactur]
 requir$ "u subp>agraph 7,c71 !         
,commission %all select1 f all          
laboratories :i* are accr$it$ "u ?is    
section to c>ry out ! specific te/+     

reque/$ by ! manufactur]1 an accr$it$   
laboratory to c>ry out ! te/+4  7,e7    
,paym5ts to laboratories ,^u receiv+ a  
c]tification f a laboratory select$ to  
c>ry out te/+ pursuant to subp>agraph   
7,d7 t ! te/+ is complet$1 along ) a    
copy ( ! results ( ! te/ z requir$ "u   
p>agraph 7#c77;,a77iv71 ! ,commission   
%all make a paym5t to ! laboratory f !  
,te/+ ,escr[ ,acc\nt e/abli%$ "u        
subp>agraph 7,a7 9 an am\nt equal to !  
applicable fee paid by ! manufactur] "u 
subp>agraph 7,c77ii74  7#e7             
,dissem9ation ( additional in=mation on 
accr$it$ laboratories  7,a7 ,in=mation  
on te/+ ,^u completion ( ! te/+ ( a vot+
 sy/em "u ?is section1 ! ,commission    
%all promptly dissem9ate to ! public !  
id5tification ( ! laboratory :i* c>ri$  
out ! te/+4  7,b7 ,in=mation on /atus ( 
laboratories ,! ,commission %all        
promptly notify ,congress1 ! *ief ,/ate 
election (ficial ( ea* ,/ate1 & ! public
 :5ev]--  7i7 ! ,commission revokes1    
t]m9ates1 or susp5ds ! accr$itation ( a 

laboratory "u ?is section2  7ii7 !      
,commission re/ores ! accr$itation ( a  
laboratory "u ?is section :i* has be5   
revok$1 t]m9at$1 or susp5d$2 or  7iii7 !
 ,commission has cr$ible evid5ce (      
significant security failure at an      
accr$it$ laboratory4  4  7#b7 ,con=m+   
am5dm5ts ,section #bca ( su* ,act 7#db  
,u4,s4,c4 #aecga7 is fur!r am5d$--  7,a7
 9 subsection 7a77#a71 by /rik+ te/+1   
c]tification1 & all t foll[s & ins]t+ ! 
foll[+3 te/+ ( vot+ sy/em h>dw>e &      
s(tw>e by accr$it$ laboratories 9       
connection ) ! c]tification1            
dec]tification1 & rec]tification ( !    
h>dw>e & s(tw>e = purposes ( ?is ,act42 
7,b7 9 subsection 7a77#b71 by /rik+     
te/+1 c]tification1 & all t foll[s &    
ins]t+ ! foll[+3 te/+ ( its vot+ sy/em  
h>dw>e & s(tw>e by ! laboratories       
accr$it$ by ! ,commission "u ?is section
 9 connection ) c]tify+1 dec]tify+1 &   
rec]tify+ ! h>dw>e & s(tw>e42  7,c7 9   
subsection 7b77#a71 by /rik+ te/+1      
c]tification1 dec]tification1 &         

rec]tification & ins]t+ te/+2 &  7,d7 9 
subsection 7d71 by /rik+ te/+1          
c]tification1 dec]tification1 &         
rec]tification ea* place x appe>s &     
ins]t+ te/+4  7#c7 ,deadl9e = e/abli%m5t
 ( /&>ds1 escr[ acc\nt1 & s*$ule ( fees 
,! ,election ,assi/ance ,commission %all
 e/abli% ! /&>ds describ$ 9 section     
#bca7;b77#c7 ( ! ,help ,am]ica ,vote    
,act ( #bjjb & ! ,te/+ ,escr[ ,acc\nt & 
s*$ule ( fees describ$ 9 section        
#bca7;b77#d7 ( su* ,act 7z add$ by      
p>agraph 7#a77 n lat] ?an ,janu>y #a1   
#bjae4  7#d7 ,au?orization (            
appropriations ,!re are au?oriz$ to be  
appropriat$ to ! ,election ,assi/ance   
,commission su* sums z may be necess>y  
to c>ry out ! ,commission's duties "u   
p>agraphs 7#c7 & 7#d7 ( section #bca ( !
 ,help ,am]ica ,vote ,act ( #bjjb 7z    
add$ by p>agraph 7#a774  7c7 ,grants =  
rese>* on developm5t ( election-,d$icat$
 vot+ sy/em s(tw>e  7#a7 ,9 g5]al       
,subtitle ,d ( title ,,ii ( ! ,help     
,am]ica ,vote ,act ( #bjjb 7#db         

,u4,s4,c4 #aedja et seq47 is am5d$ by   
add+ at ! end ! foll[+ new "p3  #g      
,grants = rese>* on developm5t (        
election-,d$icat$ vot+ sy/em s(tw>e     
#big4 ,grants = rese>* on developm5t (  
election-d$icat$ vot+ sy/em s(tw>e  7a7 
,9 ,g5]al ,! ,director ( ! ,national    
,sci5ce ,f\ndation 7h]eaft] 9 ?is "p    
ref]r$ to z ! ,director7 %all make      
grants to n few] ?an #c eligible        
entities to conduct rese>* on !         
developm5t ( election-d$icat$ vot+ sy/em
 s(tw>e4  7b7 ,eligibility ,an entity is
 eligible to receive a grant "u ?is "p  
if x submits to ! ,director 7at su* "t &
 9 su* =m z ! ,director may require7 an 
application conta9+--  7#a7             
c]tifications reg>d+ ! b5efits ( op]at+ 
vot+ sy/ems on election-d$icat$ s(tw>e  
:i* is easily und]/&able & :i* is writt5
 exclusively = ! purpose ( conduct+     
elections2  7#b7 c]tifications t !      
entity w use ! funds provid$ "u ! grant 
to c>ry out rese>* on h[ to develop vot+
 sy/ems t run on election-d$icat$ s(tw>e

 & t w meet ! applicable requirem5ts =  
vot+ sy/ems "u title ,,iii2 &  7#c7 su* 
o!r in=mation & c]tifications z !       
,director may require4  7c7             
,availability ( ,te*nology ,any         
te*nology develop$ ) ! grants made "u   
?is section %all be treat$ z            
non-propriet>y & %all be made available 
to ! public1 includ+ to manufactur]s (  
vot+ sy/ems4  7d7 ,au?orization (       
,appropriations ,!re are au?oriz$ to be 
appropriat$ = grants "u ?is section     
#a1ejj1jjj = ea* ( fiscal ye>s #bjae &  
#bjaf1 to rema9 available until exp5d$4 
4  7#b7 ,cl]ical am5dm5t ,! table (     
cont5ts ( su* ,act is am5d$ by add+ at !
 end ( ! items relat+ to subtitle ,d (  
title ,,ii ! foll[+3  ,"p #g--;,grants =
 rese>* on developm5t (                 
election-,d$icat$ vot+ sy/em s(tw>e     
,sec4 #big4 ,grants = rese>* on         
developm5t ( election-d$icat$ vot+ sy/em
 s(tw>e4  4  #ajd4 ,availability (      
,additional ,fund+ ,to ,enable ,/ates   
,to ,meet ,co/s ( ,revis$ ,requirem5ts  

7a7 ,ext5sion ( requirem5ts paym5ts =   
meet+ revis$ requirem5ts ,section       
#beg7;a7 ( ! ,help ,am]ica ,vote ,act ( 
#bjjb 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #aedjg7;a77 is     
am5d$ by add+ at ! end ! foll[+ new     
p>agraph3  7#e7 ,= fiscal ye> #bjae1 !  
sum (--  7,a7 #a1jjj1jjj1jjj1 except t  
any funds provid$ "u ! au?orization made
 by ?is subp>agraph %all be us$ by a    
,/ate only to meet ! requirem5ts ( title
 ,,iii :i* are fir/ impos$ on ! ,/ate   
pursuant to ! am5dm5ts made by title ,i 
( ! ,vot] ,confid5ce & ,increas$        
,accessibility ,act ( #bjad1 or to      
o!rwise modify or replace its vot+      
sy/ems 9 response to su* am5dm5ts2 plus 
7,b7 su* sums z may be necess>y to      
enable ,/ates to c>ry out ! activities  
describ$ 9 subp>agraph 7,a7 ) respect to
 requirem5ts :i* fir/ apply to !        
regul>ly s*$ul$ g5]al election = ,f$]al 
(fice held 9 ,novemb] #bjai1 except t   
any funds provid$ "u ! au?orization made
 by ?is subp>agraph %all be us$ by a    
,/ate only = c>ry+ out ^! activities4  4

  7b7 ,use ( revis$ =mula = allocation (
 funds ,section #beb7;b7 ( su* ,act 7#db
 ,u4,s4,c4 #aedjb7;b77 is am5d$ to read 
z foll[s3  7b7 ,/ate ,allocation        
,p]c5tage ,def9$  7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,except 
z provid$ 9 p>agraph 7#b71 ! ,/ate      
allocation p]c5tage = a ,/ate is ! am\nt
 7express$ z a p]c5tage7 equal to !     
quoti5t (--  7,a7 ! vot+ age population 
( ! ,/ate 7z report$ 9 ! mo/ rec5t      
dec5nial c5sus72 &  7,b7 ! total vot+   
age population ( all ,/ates 7z report$ 9
 ! mo/ rec5t dec5nial c5sus74  7#b7     
,special rule = paym5ts us$ to meet     
requirem5ts impos$ "u ,vot] ,confid5ce &
 ,increas$ ,accessibility ,act ( #bjad  
7,a7 ,9 g5]al ,9 ! case ( ! requirem5ts 
paym5t made to a ,/ate "u ! au?orization
 made by section #beg7;a77#e7 = fiscal  
ye> #bjae or any fiscal ye> !reaft]1 !  
,/ate allocation p]c5tage = a ,/ate is !
 am\nt 7express$ z a p]c5tage7 equal to 
! quoti5t (--  7i7 ! sum ( ! numb] (    
noncompliant prec9cts 9 ! ,/ate & #ej   
p]c5t ( ! numb] ( p>tially noncompliant 

prec9cts 9 ! ,/ate2 &  7ii7 ! sum ( !   
numb] ( noncompliant prec9cts 9 all     
,/ates & #ej p]c5t ( ! numb] ( p>tially 
noncompliant prec9cts 9 all ,/ates4     
7,b7 ,noncompliant prec9ct def9$ ,9 ?is 
p>agraph1 a noncompliant prec9ct means  
any prec9ct 7or equival5t location7 )9 a
 ,/ate = :i* ! vot+ sy/em us$ to adm9i/]
 ! regul>ly s*$ul$ g5]al election =     
,f$]al (fice held 9 ,novemb] #bjab did n
 meet ei!r ( ! requirem5ts describ$ 9   
subp>agraph 7,d74  7,c7 ,p>tially       
noncompliant prec9ct def9$ ,9 ?is       
p>agraph1 a p>tially noncompliant       
prec9ct means any prec9ct 7or equival5t 
location7 )9 a ,/ate = :i* ! vot+ sy/em 
us$ to adm9i/] ! regul>ly s*$ul$ g5]al  
election = ,f$]al (fice held 9 ,novemb] 
#bjab met only "o ( ! requirem5ts       
describ$ 9 subp>agraph 7,d74  7,d7      
,requirem5ts describ$ ,! requirem5ts    
describ$ 9 ?is subp>agraph ) respect to 
a vot+ sy/em are z foll[s3  7i7 ,!      
prim>y vot+ sy/em requir$ ! use (       
durable pap] ballots 7z describ$ 9      

section #cja7;a77#b77;,a77i77,i7 &      
#cja7;a77#aa77;,a71 z am5d$ or add$ by !
 ,vot] ,confid5ce & ,increas$           
,accessibility ,act ( #bjad7 = e vote   
ca/4  7ii7 ,! vot+ sy/em all[$ ! vot] to
 privately & indep5d5tly v]ify ! p]man5t
 pap] ballot ?r\gh ! pres5tation ( !    
same pr9t$ or m>k$ in=mation us$ = vote 
c\nt+ & audit+ & to privately &         
indep5d5tly ca/ ! p]man5t pap] ballot   
)\t h&l+ ! ballot manually4  4  7c7     
,revis$ conditions = receipt ( funds    
,section #bec ( su* ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 
#aedjc7 is am5d$--  7#a7 9 subsection   
7a71 by /rik+ ,a ,/ate is eligible &    
ins]t+ ,except z provid$ 9 subsection   
7f71 a ,/ate is eligible2 &  7#b7 by    
add+ at ! end ! foll[+ new subsection3  
7f7 ,special ,rule = ,paym5ts ,us$ ,to  
,meet ,requirem5ts ,impos$ ,"u ,vot]    
,confid5ce & ,increas$ ,accessibility   
,act ( #bjad  7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,not)/&+ any
 o!r provision ( ?is "p1 a ,/ate is     
eligible to receive a requirem5ts paym5t
 "u ! au?orization made by section      

#beg7;a77#e7 = fiscal ye> #bjae or any  
fiscal ye> !reaft] if1 n lat] ?an #ij   
days aft] ! date ( ! enactm5t ( ! ,vot] 
,confid5ce & ,increas$ ,accessibility   
,act ( #bjad1 ! *ief executive (fic] ( !
 ,/ate1 or designee1 9 consultation &   
coord9ation ) ! *ief ,/ate election     
(ficial--  7,a7 c]tifies to !           
,commission ! numb] ( noncompliant &    
p>tially noncompliant prec9cts 9 ! ,/ate
 7z def9$ 9 section #beb7;b77#b772  7,b7
 c]tifies to ! ,commission t ! ,/ate w  
reimburse ea* unit ( local gov]nm5t 9 ! 
,/ate = any co/s ! unit incurs 9 c>ry+  
out ! activities = :i* ! paym5t may be  
us$2 &  7,c7 files a /atem5t ) !        
,commission describ+ ! ,/ate's ne$ = !  
paym5t & h[ ! ,/ate w use ! paym5t to   
meet ! requirem5ts ( title ,,iii 79     
accordance ) ! limitations applicable to
 ! use ( ! paym5t "u section            
#beg7;a77#e774  7#b7 ,c]tifications by  
,/ates t require *anges to ,/ate law ,9 
! case ( a ,/ate t requires ,/ate       
legislation to c>ry out any activity    

cov]$ by any c]tification submitt$ "u   
?is subsection1 ! ,/ate %all be p]mitt$ 
to make ! c]tification not)/&+ t !      
legislation has n be5 enact$ at ! "t !  
c]tification is submitt$ & su* ,/ate    
%all submit an additional c]tification  
once su* legislation is enact$4  4  7d7 
,p]mitt+ use ( funds = reimbursem5t =   
co/s previ\sly incurr$ ,section         
#bea7;c77#a7 ( su* ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4  
#aedja7;c77#a77 is am5d$ by /rik+ !     
p]iod at ! end & ins]t+ ! foll[+3 1 or z
 a reimbursem5t = any co/s incurr$ aft] 
,novemb] #bjjd 9 meet+ ! requirem5ts (  
title ,,iii :i* are impos$ pursuant to !
 am5dm5ts made by title ,i ( ! ,vot]    
,confid5ce & ,increas$ ,accessibility   
,act ( #bjad or 9 o!rwise upgrad+ or    
replac+ vot+ sy/ems 9 a mann] consi/5t )
 su* am5dm5ts 7s long z ! vot+ sy/ems   
meet any ( ! requirem5ts t apply )      
respect to elections = ,f$]al (fice held
 9 #bjai & ea* succe$+ ye>744  7e7 ,rule
 ( con/ruction reg>d+ ,/ates receiv+ o!r
 funds = replac+ pun* c>d1 lev]1 or o!r 

vot+ ma*9es ,no?+ 9 ! am5dm5ts made by  
?is section or 9 any o!r provision ( !  
,help ,am]ica ,vote ,act ( #bjjb may be 
con/ru$ to prohibit a ,/ate :i* receiv$ 
or 0 au?oriz$ to receive a paym5t "u    
title ,i or ,,ii ( su* ,act = replac+   
pun* c>d1 lev]1 or o!r vot+ ma*9es f    
receiv+ or us+ any funds :i* are made   
available "u ! am5dm5ts made by ?is     
section4  7f7 ,rule ( con/ruction reg>d+
 use ( funds receiv$ 9 prior ye>s  7#a7 
,9 g5]al ,no?+ conta9$ 9 ?is ,act or !  
,help ,am]ica ,vote ,act ( #bjjb may be 
con/ru$ to prohibit a ,/ate f us+ funds 
receiv$ "u title ,i or ,,ii ( ! ,help   
,am]ica ,vote ,act ( #bjjb to pur*ase or
 acquire by o!r means a vot+ sy/em t    
meets ! requirem5ts ( p>agraphs 7#b7 &  
7#c7 ( section #cja ( ! ,help ,am]ica   
,vote ,act ( #bjjb 7z am5d$ by ?is ,act7
 9 ord] to replace vot+ sy/ems pur*as$ )
 funds receiv$ "u ! ,help ,am]ica ,vote 
,act ( #bjjb t d n meet su* requirem5ts4
  7#b7 ,waiv] ( notice & comm5t         
requirem5ts ,! requirem5ts (            

subp>agraphs 7,a71 7,b71 & 7,c7 (       
section #bed7;a77#aa7 ( ! ,help ,am]ica 
,vote ,act ( #bjjb %all n apply to any  
,/ate us+ funds receiv$ "u su* ,act = ! 
purposes describ$ 9 subp>agraph 7,a7 or 
7,b7 ( p>agraph 7#a74  7g7 ,effective   
date ,! am5dm5ts made by ?is section    
%all apply ) respect to fiscal ye>s     
beg9n+ ) fiscal ye> #bjae4  #aje4       
,effective ,date ,= ,new ,requirem5ts   
,section #cja7;d7 ( ! ,help ,am]ica     
,vote ,act ( #bjjb 7#db ,u4,s4,c4       
#aedha7;d77 is am5d$ to read z foll[s3  
7d7 ,effective ,date  7#a7 ,9 g5]al     
,except z provid$ 9 p>agraph 7#b71 ea*  
,/ate & jurisdiction %all be requir$ to 
comply ) ! requirem5ts ( ?is section on 
& aft] ,janu>y #a1 #bjjf4  7#b7 ,special
 rule = c]ta9 requirem5ts  7,a7 ,9 g5]al
 ,except z provid$ 9 subp>agraphs 7,b7 &
 7,c71 ! requirem5ts ( ?is section :i*  
are fir/ impos$ on a ,/ate &            
jurisdiction pursuant to ! am5dm5ts made
 by title ,i ( ! ,vot] ,confid5ce &     
,increas$ ,accessibility ,act ( #bjad   

%all apply ) respect to vot+ sy/ems us$ 
= ! regul>ly s*$ul$ g5]al election =    
,f$]al (fice held 9 ,novemb] #bjaf & ea*
 succe$+ election = ,f$]al (fice4  7,b7 
,delay = jurisdictions us+ c]ta9 pap]   
record pr9t]s or c]ta9 sy/ems us+ or    
produc+ vot]-v]ifiable pap] records 9   
#bjab  7i7 ,delay ,9 ! case ( a         
jurisdiction describ$ 9 clause 7ii71    
subp>agraph 7,a7 %all apply to a vot+   
sy/em 9 ! jurisdiction z if ! ref]5ce 9 
su* subp>agraph to ! regul>ly s*$ul$    
g5]al election = ,f$]al (fice held 9    
,novemb] #bjaf & ea* succe$+ election = 
,f$]al (fice 7 a ref]5ce to elections = 
,f$]al (fice occurr+ dur+ #bjah & ea*   
succe$+ ye>1 b only ) respect to !      
foll[+ requirem5ts ( ?is section3  7,i7 
,p>agraph 7#b77;,a77i77,i7 ( subsection 
7a7 7relat+ to ! use ( vot]-m>k$ pap]   
ballots74  7,,ii7 ,p>agraph             
7#c77;,b77ii7 7,i7 & 7,,ii7 ( subsection
 7a7 7relat+ to access to v]ification f 
& ca/+ ( ! durable pap] ballot74        
7,,iii7 ,p>agraph 7#aa7 ( subsection 7a7

 7relat+ to durability & readability    
requirem5ts = ballots74  7ii7           
,jurisdictions describ$ ,a jurisdiction 
describ$ 9 ?is clause is a              
jurisdiction--  7,i7 :i* us$ vot]       
v]ifiable pap] record pr9t]s atta*$ to  
direct record+ electronic vot+ ma*9es1  
or :i* us$ o!r vot+ sy/ems t us$ or     
produc$ pap] records ( ! vote v]ifiable 
by vot]s b t are n 9 compliance )       
p>agraphs 7#b77;,a77i77,i71             
7#c77;,b77ii7 7,i7 & 7,,ii71 & 7#aa7 (  
subsection 7a7 7z am5d$ or add$ by !    
,vot] ,confid5ce & ,increas$            
,accessibility ,act ( #bjad71 = !       
adm9i/ration ( ! regul>ly s*$ul$ g5]al  
election = ,f$]al (fice held 9 ,novemb] 
#bjab2 &  7,,ii7 :i* w cont9ue to use   
su* pr9t]s or sy/ems = ! adm9i/ration ( 
elections = ,f$]al (fice held 9 ye>s    
be=e #bjah4  7iii7 ,m&atory availability
 ( pap] ballots at poll+ places us+     
gr&fa!r$ pr9t]s & sy/ems  7,i7 ,requir+ 
ballots to be (f]$ & provid$ ,!         
appropriate election (ficial at ea*     

poll+ place t uses a pr9t] or sy/em     
describ$ 9 clause 7ii77,i7 = !          
adm9i/ration ( elections = ,f$]al (fice 
%all (f] ea* individual :o is eligible  
to ca/ a vote 9 ! election at ! poll+   
place ! opportunity to ca/ ! vote us+ a 
blank pre-pr9t$ pap] ballot :i* !       
individual may m>k by h& & :i* is n     
produc$ by ! direct record+ electronic  
vot+ ma*9e or o!r su* sy/em4 ,! (ficial 
%all provide ! individual ) ! ballot & !
 supplies necess>y to m>k ! ballot1 &   
%all ensure 7to ! greate/ ext5t         
practicable7 t ! wait+ p]iod = !        
individual to ca/ a vote is ! less] (   
#cj m9utes or ! av]age wait+ p]iod = an 
individual :o does n agree to ca/ ! vote
 us+ su* a pap] ballot "u ?is clause4   
7,,ii7 ,treatm5t ( ballot ,any pap]     
ballot :i* is ca/ by an individual "u   
?is clause %all be c\nt$ & o!rwise      
treat$ z a regul> ballot = all purposes 
7includ+ by incorporat+ x into ! f9al   
un(ficial vote c\nt 7z def9$ by ! ,/ate7
 = ! prec9ct7 & n z a provisional       

ballot1 unless ! individual ca/+ !      
ballot w\ld h o!rwise be5 requir$ to ca/
 a provisional ballot4  7,,iii7 ,po/+ ( 
notice ,! appropriate election (ficial  
%all ensure !re is prom95tly display$ at
 ea* poll+ place a notice t describes ! 
obligation ( ! (ficial to (f]           
individuals ! opportunity to ca/ votes  
us+ a pre-pr9t$ blank pap] ballot4      
7,,iv7 ,tra9+ ( election (ficials ,!    
*ief ,/ate election (ficial %all ensure 
t election (ficials at poll+ places 9 ! 
,/ate are aw>e ( ! requirem5ts ( ?is    
clause1 includ+ ! requirem5t to display 
a notice "u subclause 7,,iii71 & are    
aw>e t x is a violation ( ! requirem5ts 
( ?is title = an election (ficial to    
fail to (f] an individual ! opportunity 
to ca/ a vote us+ a blank pre-pr9t$ pap]
 ballot4  7,v7 ,p]iod ( applicability ,!
 requirem5ts ( ?is clause apply only    
dur+ ! p]iod 9 :i* ! delay is 9 effect  
"u clause 7i74  7,c7 ,special rule =    
jurisdictions us+ c]ta9 nontabulat+     
ballot m>k+ devices ,9 ! case ( a       

jurisdiction :i* uses a nontabulat+     
ballot m>k+ device :i* automatically    
deposits ! ballot into a privacy sleeve1
 subp>agraph 7,a7 %all apply to a vot+  
sy/em 9 ! jurisdiction z if ! ref]5ce 9 
su* subp>agraph to ! regul>ly s*$ul$    
g5]al election = ,f$]al (fice held 9    
,novemb] #bjaf & ea* succe$+ election = 
,f$]al (fice 7 a ref]5ce to elections = 
,f$]al (fice occurr+ dur+ #bjah & ea*   
succe$+ ye>1 b only ) respect to        
p>agraph 7#c77;,b77ii77,,ii7 (          
subsection 7a7 7relat+ to nonmanual ca/+
 ( ! durable pap] ballot74  4  ,,ii     
,enhancem5t ( ,en=cem5t  #bja4          
,enhancem5t ( en=cem5t ( ,help ,am]ica  
,vote ,act ( #bjjb ,section #dja ( !    
,help ,am]ica ,vote ,act ( #bjjb 7#db   
,u4,s4,c4 #aeeaa7 is am5d$--  7#a7 by   
/rik+ ,! ,attorney ,g5]al & ins]t+ 7a7  
,9 ,g5]al4--,! ,attorney ,g5]al2 &  7#b7
 by add+ at ! end ! foll[+ new          
subsections3  7b7 ,fil+ ( ,compla9ts by 
,aggriev$ ,p]sons  7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,a     
p]son :o is aggriev$ by a violation (   

section #cja1 #cjb1 or #cjc :i* has     
occurr$1 is occurr+1 or is ab\t to occur
 may file a writt51 sign$1 not>iz$      
compla9t ) ! ,attorney ,g5]al describ+ !
 violation & reque/+ ! ,attorney ,g5]al 
to take appropriate action "u ?is       
section4 ,! ,attorney ,g5]al %all       
imm$iately provide a copy ( a compla9t  
fil$ "u ! previ\s s5t5ce to ! entity    
responsible = adm9i/]+ ! ,/ate-bas$     
adm9i/rative compla9t proc$ures describ$
 9 section #djb7;a7 = ! ,/ate involv$4  
7#b7 ,response by ,attorney ,g5]al ,!   
,attorney ,g5]al %all respond to ea*    
compla9t fil$ "u p>agraph 7#a71 9       
accordance ) proc$ures e/abli%$ by !    
,attorney ,g5]al t require responses &  
det]m9ations to be made )9 ! same 7or   
%ort]7 deadl9es :i* apply to a ,/ate "u 
! ,/ate-bas$ adm9i/rative compla9t      
proc$ures describ$ 9 section            
#djb7;a77#b74 ,! ,attorney ,g5]al %all  
imm$iately provide a copy ( ! response  
made "u ! previ\s s5t5ce to ! entity    
responsible = adm9i/]+ ! ,/ate-bas$     

adm9i/rative compla9t proc$ures describ$
 9 section #djb7;a7 = ! ,/ate involv$4  
7c7 ,availability ( private "r ( action 
,any p]son :o is au?oriz$ to file a     
compla9t "u subsection 7b77#a7 7includ+ 
any individual :o seeks to en=ce !      
individual's "r to a vot]-v]ifi$ pap]   
ballot1 ! "r to h ! vot]-v]ifi$ pap]    
ballot c\nt$ 9 accordance ) ?is ,act1 or
 any o!r "r "u subtitle ,a ( title      
,,iii7 may file an action "u section    
#aigi ( ! ,revis$ ,/atutes ( ! ,unit$   
,/ates 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #aihc7 to en=ce ! 
uni=m & nondiscrim9atory election       
te*nology & adm9i/ration requirem5ts "u 
sections #cja1 #cjb1 & #cjc4  7d7 ,no   
effect on ,/ate proc$ures ,no?+ 9 ?is   
section may be con/ru$ to affect !      
availability ( ! ,/ate-bas$ adm9i/rative
 compla9t proc$ures requir$ "u section  
#djb to any p]son fil+ a compla9t "u ?is
 subsection4  4  ,,iii ,requirem5t =    
m&atory manual audits by h& c\nt  #cja4 
,m&atory ,manual ,audits ,title ,,iii ( 
! ,help ,am]ica ,vote ,act ( #bjjb 7#db 

,u4,s4,c4 #aedha et seq47 is am5d$ by   
add+ at ! end ! foll[+ new subtitle3  ,c
 ,m&atory manual audits  #cba4 ,requir+ 
audits ( results ( elections  7a7       
,requir+ ,audits  7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,9      
accordance ) ?is subtitle1 ea* ,/ate    
%all adm9i/]1 )\t advance notice to !   
prec9cts or alt]native audit units      
select$1 audits ( ! results ( all       
elections = ,f$]al (fice held 9 ! ,/ate 
7&1 at ! option ( ! ,/ate or            
jurisdiction involv$1 ( elections =     
,/ate & local (fice held at ! same "t z 
su* election7 consi/+ ( r&om h& c\nts ( 
! vot]-v]ifi$ pap] ballots requir$ to be
 us$ & pres]v$ pursuant to section      
#cja7;a77#b74  7#b7 ,exception = c]ta9  
elections ,a ,/ate %all n be requir$ to 
adm9i/] an audit ( ! results ( an       
election = ,f$]al (fice "u ?is subtitle 
if ! w9n+ c&idate 9 ! election--  7,a7  
_h no opposition on ! ballot2 or  7,b7  
receiv$ #hj p]c5t or m ( ! total numb] (
 votes ca/ 9 ! election1 z det]m9$ on ! 
basis ( ! f9al un(ficial vote c\nt4  7b7

 ,det]m9ation ( ,entity ,conduct+       
,audits2 ,application ( ,,gao           
,indep5d5ce ,/&>ds ,! ,/ate %all adm9i/]
 audits "u ?is subtitle ?r\gh an entity 
select$ = su* purpose by ! ,/ate 9      
accordance ) su* crit]ia z ! ,/ate      
consid]s appropriate consi/5t ) !       
requirem5ts ( ?is subtitle1 except t !  
entity mu/ meet ! g5]al /&>ds e/abli%$  
by ! ,comptroll] ,g5]al & z set =? 9 !  
,comptroll] ,g5]al's ,gov]nm5t ,audit+  
,/&>ds to ensure ! indep5d5ce 7includ+1 
except z provid$ "u section #cbc7;b71 ! 
organizational indep5d5ce7 ( entities   
p]=m+ f9ancial audits1 atte/ation       
engagem5ts1 & p]=mance audits4  7c7     
,ref]5ces to ,election ,auditor ,9 ?is  
subtitle1 ! t]m ,election ,auditor      
means1 ) respect to a ,/ate1 ! entity   
select$ by ! ,/ate "u subsection 7b74   
#cbb4 ,numb] ( ballots c\nt$ "u audit   
7a7 ,9 ,g5]al ,except z provid$ 9       
subsection 7b71 ! numb] ( vot]-v]ifi$   
pap] ballots :i* w be subject to a h&   
c\nt adm9i/]$ by ! ,election ,auditor ( 

a ,/ate "u ?is subtitle ) respect to an 
election %all be det]m9$ z foll[s3  7#a7
 ,9 ! ev5t t ! un(ficial c\nt z describ$
 9 section #cbc7;a77#a7 reveals t ! m>g9
 ( victory betwe5 ! two c&idates receiv+
 ! l>ge/ numb] ( votes 9 ! election is  
less ?an #a p]c5t ( ! total votes ca/ 9 
t election1 ! h& c\nts ( ! vot]-v]ifi$  
pap] ballots %all occur 9 at lea/ #aj   
p]c5t ( all prec9cts or equival5t       
locations 7or alt]native audit units us$
 9 accordance ) ! me?od provid$ = "u    
subsection 7b77 9 ! ,congressional      
di/rict involv$ 79 ! case ( an election 
= ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives7 or ! ,/ate 
79 ! case ( any o!r election = ,f$]al   
(fice74  7#b7 ,9 ! ev5t t ! un(ficial   
c\nt z describ$ 9 section #cbc7;a77#a7  
reveals t ! m>g9 ( victory betwe5 ! two 
c&idates receiv+ ! l>ge/ numb] ( votes 9
 ! election is great] ?an or equal to #a
 p]c5t b less ?an #b p]c5t ( ! total    
votes ca/ 9 t election1 ! h& c\nts ( !  
vot]-v]ifi$ pap] ballots %all occur 9 at
 lea/ #e p]c5t ( all prec9cts or        

equival5t locations 7or alt]native audit
 units us$ 9 accordance ) ! me?od       
provid$ = "u subsection 7b77 9 !        
,congressional di/rict involv$ 79 ! case
 ( an election = ! ,h\se (              
,repres5tatives7 or ! ,/ate 79 ! case ( 
any o!r election = ,f$]al (fice74  7#c7 
,9 ! ev5t t ! un(ficial c\nt z describ$ 
9 section #cbc7;a77#a7 reveals t ! m>g9 
( victory betwe5 ! two c&idates receiv+ 
! l>ge/ numb] ( votes 9 ! election is   
equal to or great] ?an #b p]c5t ( !     
total votes ca/ 9 t election1 ! h& c\nts
 ( ! vot]-v]ifi$ pap] ballots %all occur
 9 at lea/ #c p]c5t ( all prec9cts or   
equival5t locations 7or alt]native audit
 units us$ 9 accordance ) ! me?od       
provid$ = "u subsection 7b77 9 !        
,congressional di/rict involv$ 79 ! case
 ( an election = ! ,h\se (              
,repres5tatives7 or ! ,/ate 79 ! case ( 
any o!r election = ,f$]al (fice74  7b7  
,use ( ,alt]native ,me*anism  7#a7      
,p]mitt+ use ( alt]native me*anism      
,not)/&+ subsection 7a71 a ,/ate may    

adopt & apply an alt]native me*anism to 
det]m9e ! numb] ( vot]-v]ifi$ pap]      
ballots :i* w be subject to ! h& c\nts  
requir$ "u ?is subtitle ) respect to an 
election1 s long z ! alt]native me*anism
 uses ! vot]-v]ifi$ pap] ballots to     
conduct ! audit & ! ,national ,in/itute 
( ,/&>ds & ,te*nology det]m9es t !      
alt]native me*anism is 9 accordance ) ! 
pr9ciples set =? 9 p>agraph 7#b74  7#b7 
,pr9ciples = approval ,9 approv+ an     
alt]native me*anism "u p>agraph 7#a71 ! 
,national ,in/itute ( ,/&>ds &          
,te*nology %all ensure t ! audit        
proc$ure w h ! prop]ty t = ea*          
election--  7,a7 ! alt]native me*anism w
 be at lea/ z /ati/ically effective 9   
ensur+ ! accuracy ( ! election results z
 ! proc$ures "u ?is subtitle2 or  7,b7 !
 alt]native me*anism w a*ieve at lea/ a 
#ie p]c5t confid5ce int]val 7z det]m9$ 9
 accordance ) crit]ia set =? by !       
,national ,in/itute ( ,/&>ds &          
,te*nology7 ) respect to ! outcome ( !  
election4  7#c7 ,deadl9e = response ,!  

,director ( ! ,national ,in/itute (     
,/&>ds & ,te*nology %all make a         
det]m9ation reg>d+ a ,/ate's reque/ to  
approve an alt]native me*anism "u       
p>agraph 7#a7 n lat] ?an #cj days aft]  
receiv+ ! ,/ate's reque/4  #cbc4        
,process = adm9i/]+ audits  7a7 ,9      
,g5]al ,! ,election ,auditor ( a ,/ate  
%all adm9i/] an audit "u ?is section ( !
 results ( an election 9 accordance ) ! 
foll[+ proc$ures3  7#a7 ,)9 #bd h\rs    
aft] ! ,/ate ann\nces ! f9al un(ficial  
vote c\nt 7z def9$ by ! ,/ate7 9 ea*    
prec9ct 9 ! ,/ate1 ! ,election ,auditor 
%all--  7,a7 det]m9e & !n ann\nce !     
prec9cts or equival5t locations 7or     
alt]native audit units us$ 9 accordance 
) ! me?od provid$ "u section #cbb7;b77 9
 ! ,/ate 9 :i* x w adm9i/] ! audits2 &  
7,b7 ) respect to votes ca/ at ! prec9ct
 or equival5t location on or be=e ! date
 ( ! election 7o!r ?an provisional      
ballots describ$ 9 p>agraph 7#b771 beg9 
to adm9i/] ! h& c\nt ( ! votes on !     
vot]-v]ifi$ pap] ballots requir$ to be  

us$ & pres]v$ "u section                
#cja7;a77#b77;,a7 & ! comp>ison ( ! c\nt
 ( ! votes on ^? ballots ) ! f9al       
un(ficial c\nt ( su* votes z ann\nc$ by 
! ,/ate4  7#b7 ,) respect to votes ca/  
o!r ?an at ! prec9ct on ! date ( !      
election 7o!r ?an votes ca/ be=e ! date 
( ! election describ$ 9 p>agraph 7#b77  
or votes ca/ by provisional ballot on ! 
date ( ! election :i* are c]tifi$ &     
c\nt$ by ! ,/ate on or aft] ! date ( !  
election1 includ+ votes ca/ by abs5t    
uni=m$ s]vices vot]s & ov]seas vot]s "u 
! ,uni=m$ & ,ov]seas ,citiz5s ,abs5tee  
,vot+ ,act1 ! ,election ,auditor %all   
adm9i/] ! h& c\nt ( ! votes on !        
applicable vot]-v]ifi$ pap] ballots     
requir$ to be produc$ & pres]v$ "u      
section #cja7;a77#b77;,a7 & ! comp>ison 
( ! c\nt ( ! votes on ^? ballots ) !    
f9al un(ficial c\nt ( su* votes z       
ann\nc$ by ! ,/ate4  7b7 ,use ( p]sonnel
 ,9 adm9i/]+ ! audits1 ! ,election      
,auditor may utilize ! s]vices ( !      
p]sonnel ( ! ,/ate or jurisdiction1     

includ+ election adm9i/ration p]sonnel &
 poll work]s1 )\t reg>d to :e!r or n !  
p]sonnel h pr(essional audit+ exp]i5ce4 
7c7 ,location ,! ,election ,auditor %all
 adm9i/] an audit ( an election--  7#a7 
at ! location :]e ! ballots ca/ 9 !     
election are /or$ & c\nt$ aft] ! date ( 
! election or su* o!r appropriate &     
secure location agre$ ^u by ! ,election 
,auditor & ! individual t is responsible
 "u ,/ate law = ! cu/ody ( ! ballots2 & 
7#b7 9 ! pres5ce ( ! p]sonnel :o "u     
,/ate law are responsible = ! cu/ody ( !
 ballots4  7d7 ,special rule 9 case (   
delay 9 report+ abs5tee vote c\nt ,9 !  
case ( a ,/ate 9 :i* ! f9al c\nt (      
abs5tee & provisional votes is n ann\nc$
 until aft] ! date ( ! election1 !      
,election ,auditor %all initiate !      
process describ$ 9 subsection 7a7 =     
adm9i/]+ ! audit n lat] ?an #bd h\rs    
aft] ! ,/ate ann\nces ! f9al un(ficial  
vote c\nt = ! votes ca/ at ! prec9ct or 
equival5t location on or be=e ! date ( !
 election1 & %all initiate !            

adm9i/ration ( ! audit ( ! abs5tee &    
provisional votes pursuant to subsection
 7a77#b7 n lat] ?an #bd h\rs aft] !     
,/ate ann\nces ! f9al un(ficial c\nt (  
su* votes4  7e7 ,additional ,audits if  
,cause ,%[n  7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,if !        
,election ,auditor f9ds t any ( ! h&    
c\nts adm9i/]$ "u ?is section d n mat* !
 f9al un(ficial tally ( ! results ( an  
election1 ! ,election ,auditor %all     
adm9i/] h& c\nts "u ?is section ( su*   
additional prec9cts 7or alt]native audit
 units7 z ! ,election ,auditor consid]s 
appropriate to resolve any conc]ns      
result+ f ! audit & ensure ! accuracy ( 
! election results4  7#b7 ,e/abli%m5t & 
publication ( proc$ures gov]n+          
additional audits ,n lat] ?an ,augu/ #a1
 #bjae1 ea* ,/ate %all e/abli% & publi% 
proc$ures = c>ry+ out ! additional      
audits "u ?is subsection1 includ+ !     
means by :i* ! ,/ate %all resolve any   
conc]ns result+ f ! audit ) f9ality &   
ensure ! accuracy ( ! election results4 
7f7 ,public ,obs]vation ( ,audits ,ea*  

audit conduct$ "u ?is section %all be   
conduct$ 9 a mann] t all[s public       
obs]vation ( ! entire process4  #cbd4   
,selection ( prec9cts  7a7 ,9 ,g5]al    
,except z provid$ 9 subsection 7c71 !   
selection ( ! prec9cts or alt]native    
audit units 9 ! ,/ate 9 :i* ! ,election 
,auditor ( ! ,/ate %all adm9i/] ! h&    
c\nts "u ?is subtitle %all be made by ! 
,election ,auditor on a r&om basis1 9   
accordance ) proc$ures adopt$ by !      
,national ,in/itute ( ,/&>ds &          
,te*nology1 except t at lea/ "o prec9ct 
%all be select$ at r&om 9 ea* c\nty1 )  
additional prec9cts select$ by !        
,election ,auditor at ! ,auditor's      
discretion4  7b7 ,public ,selection ,!  
r&om selection ( prec9cts "u subsection 
7a7 %all be conduct$ 9 public1 at a "t &
 place ann\nc$ 9 advance4  7c7 ,m&atory 
,selection ( ,prec9cts ,e/abli%$        
,specifically = ,abs5tee ,ballots ,if a 
,/ate does n sort abs5tee ballots by    
prec9ct & include ^? ballots 9 ! h& c\nt
 ) respect to t prec9ct1 ! ,/ate %all   

create abs5tee ballot prec9cts or audit 
units :i* are ( simil> size to ! av]age 
prec9ct or audit unit 9 ! jurisdiction  
be+ audit$1 & %all include ^? abs5tee   
prec9cts or audit units among ! prec9cts
 9 ! ,/ate 9 :i* ! ,election ,auditor   
%all adm9i/] ! h& c\nts "u ?is subtitle4
  7d7 ,deadl9e = ,adoption ( ,proc$ures 
by ,commission ,! ,national ,in/itute ( 
,/&>ds & ,te*nology %all adopt !        
proc$ures describ$ 9 subsection 7a7 n   
lat] ?an ,m>* #ca1 #bjae1 & %all publi% 
!m 9 ! ,f$]al ,regi/] ^u adoption4      
#cbe4 ,publication ( results  7a7       
,submission to ,commission ,z soon z    
practicable aft] ! completion ( an audit
 "u ?is subtitle1 ! ,election ,auditor (
 a ,/ate %all submit to ! ,commission ! 
results ( ! audit1 & %all include 9 !   
submission a comp>ison ( ! results ( !  
election 9 ! prec9ct z det]m9$ by !     
,election ,auditor "u ! audit & ! f9al  
un(ficial vote c\nt 9 ! prec9ct z       
ann\nc$ by ! ,/ate & all und]votes1     
ov]votes1 blank ballots1 & spoil$1      

void$1 or cancell$ ballots1 z well z a  
li/ ( any discrepancies discov]$ betwe5 
! initial1 subsequ5t1 & f9al h& c\nts   
adm9i/]$ by ! ,election ,auditor & su*  
f9al un(ficial vote c\nt & any          
explanation = su* discrepancies1 brok5  
d[n by ! categories ( votes describ$ 9  
p>agraphs 7#a77;,b7 & 7#b7 ( section    
#cbc7;a74  7b7 ,publication by          
,commission ,imm$iately aft] receiv+ !  
submission ( ! results ( an audit f !   
,election ,auditor ( a ,/ate "u         
subsection 7a71 ! ,commission %all      
publicly ann\nce & publi% ! in=mation   
conta9$ 9 ! submission4  7c7 ,delay 9   
c]tification ( results by ,/ate  7#a7   
,prohibit+ c]tification until completion
 ( audits ,no ,/ate may c]tify ! results
 ( any election :i* is subject to an    
audit "u ?is subtitle prior to--  7,a7  
to ! completion ( ! audit 7&1 if        
requir$1 any additional audit conduct$  
"u section #cbc7;e77#a77 & ! ann\ncem5t 
& submission ( ! results ( ea* su* audit
 to ! ,commission = publication ( !     

in=mation requir$ "u ?is section2 &     
7,b7 ! completion ( any proc$ure        
e/abli%$ by ! ,/ate pursuant to section 
#cbc7;e77#b7 to resolve discrepancies & 
ensure ! accuracy ( results4  7#b7      
,deadl9e = completion ( audits (        
,presid5tial elections ,9 ! case ( an   
election = electors = ,presid5t & ,vice 
,presid5t :i* is subject to an audit "u 
?is subtitle1 ! ,/ate %all complete !   
audits & ann\nce & submit ! results to !
 ,commission = publication ( ! in=mation
 requir$ "u ?is section 9 "t = ! ,/ate  
to c]tify ! results ( ! election &      
provide = ! f9al det]m9ation ( any      
controv]sy or conte/ conc]n+ ! appo9tm5t
 ( su* electors prior to ! deadl9e      
describ$ 9 section #f ( title #c1 ,unit$
 ,/ates ,code4  #cbf4 ,paym5ts to ,/ates
  7a7 ,paym5ts = ,co/s ( ,conduct+      
,audits ,9 accordance ) ! requirem5ts & 
proc$ures ( ?is section1 ! ,commission  
%all make a paym5t to a ,/ate to cov] ! 
co/s incurr$ by ! ,/ate 9 c>ry+ out ?is 
subtitle ) respect to ! elections t are 

! subject ( ! audits conduct$ "u ?is    
subtitle4  7b7 ,c]tification (          
,compliance & ,anticipat$ ,co/s  7#a7   
,c]tification requir$ ,9 ord] to receive
 a paym5t "u ?is section1 a ,/ate %all  
submit to ! ,commission1 9 su* =m z !   
,commission may require1 a /atem5t      
conta9+--  7,a7 a c]tification t ! ,/ate
 w conduct ! audits requir$ "u ?is      
subtitle 9 accordance ) all ( !         
requirem5ts ( ?is subtitle2  7,b7 a     
notice ( ! reasonable co/s incurr$ or ! 
reasonable co/s anticipat$ to be incurr$
 by ! ,/ate 9 c>ry+ out ?is subtitle )  
respect to ! elections involv$2 &  7,c7 
su* o!r in=mation & assurances z !      
,commission may require4  7#b7 ,am\nt ( 
paym5t ,! am\nt ( a paym5t made to a    
,/ate "u ?is section %all be equal to ! 
reasonable co/s incurr$ or ! reasonable 
co/s anticipat$ to be incurr$ by ! ,/ate
 9 c>ry+ out ?is subtitle ) respect to !
 elections involv$1 z set =? 9 ! /atem5t
 submitt$ "u p>agraph 7#a74  7#c7 ,tim+ 
( notice ,! ,/ate may n submit a notice 

"u p>agraph 7#a7 until c&idates h be5   
select$ to appe> on ! ballot = all ( !  
elections = ,f$]al (fice :i* w be !     
subject ( ! audits involv$4  7c7 ,tim+ (
 ,paym5ts ,! ,commission %all make !    
paym5t requir$ "u ?is section to a ,/ate
 n lat] ?an #cj days aft] receiv+ !     
notice submitt$ by ! ,/ate "u subsection
 7b74  7d7 ,rec\pm5t ( ,ov]paym5ts ,no  
paym5t may be made to a ,/ate "u ?is    
section unless ! ,/ate agrees to repay  
to ! ,commission ! excess 7if any7 (--  
7#a7 ! am\nt ( ! paym5t receiv$ by !    
,/ate "u ?is section ) respect to !     
elections involv$2 ov]  7#b7 ! actual   
co/s incurr$ by ! ,/ate 9 c>ry+ out ?is 
subtitle ) respect to ! elections       
involv$4  7e7 ,au?orization (           
,appropriations ,!re are au?oriz$ to be 
appropriat$ to ! ,commission = fiscal   
ye> #bjae & ea* succe$+ fiscal ye>      
#ajj1jjj1jjj = paym5ts "u ?is section4  
#cbg4 ,exception = elections subject to 
rec\nt "u ,/ate law prior to            
c]tification  7a7 ,exception ,?is       

subtitle does n apply to any election = 
:i* a rec\nt "u ,/ate law w comm5ce     
prior to ! c]tification ( ! results ( ! 
election1 includ+ b n limit$ to a rec\nt
 requir$ automatically because ( ! m>g9 
( victory betwe5 ! #b c&idates receiv+ !
 l>ge/ numb] ( votes 9 ! election1 b    
only if ea* ( ! foll[+ applies to !     
rec\nt3  7#a7 ,! rec\nt comm5ces prior  
to ! det]m9ation & ann\ncem5t by !      
,election ,auditor "u section           
#cbc7;a77#a7 ( ! prec9cts 9 ! ,/ate 9   
:i* x w adm9i/] ! audits "u ?is         
subtitle4  7#b7 ,if ! rec\nt w\ld apply 
to few] ?an #ajj p]c5t ( ! ballots ca/ 9
 ! election--  7,a7 ! numb] ( ballots   
c\nt$ w be at lea/ z _m z w\ld be c\nt$ 
if an audit 7 conduct$ ) respect to !   
election 9 accordance ) ?is subtitle2 & 
7,b7 ! selection ( ! prec9cts 9 :i* !   
rec\nt w be conduct$ w be made 9        
accordance ) ! r&om selection proc$ures 
applicable "u section #cbd4  7#c7 ,!    
rec\nt = ! election meets ! requirem5ts 
( section #cbc7;f7 7relat+ to public    

obs]vation74  7#d7 ,! ,/ate meets !     
requirem5ts ( section #cbe 7relat+ to ! 
publication ( results & ! delay 9 !     
c]tification ( results7 ) respect to !  
rec\nt4  7b7 ,cl>ification ( ,effect on 
,o!r ,requirem5ts ,no?+ 9 ?is section   
may be con/ru$ to waive ! application ( 
any o!r provision ( ?is ,act to any     
election 7includ+ ! requirem5t set =? 9 
section #cja7;a77#b7 t ! vot] v]ifi$    
pap] ballots s]ve z ! vote ( record &   
%all be c\nt$ by h& 9 all audits &      
rec\nts1 includ+ audits & rec\nts       
describ$ 9 ?is subtitle74  #cbh4        
,effective date ,?is subtitle %all apply
 ) respect to elections = ,f$]al (fice  
beg9n+ ) ! regul>ly s*$ul$ g5]al        
elections held 9 ,novemb] #bjae4  4     
#cjb4 ,availability ( ,en=cem5t ,"u     
,help ,am]ica ,vote ,act ( #bjjb        
,section #dja ( su* ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 
#aeeaa71 z am5d$ by section #bja1 is    
am5d$--  7#a7 9 subsection 7a71 by /rik+
 ! p]iod at ! end & ins]t+ ! foll[+3 1  
or ! requirem5ts ( subtitle ,c ( title  

,,iii42  7#b7 9 subsection 7b77#a71 by  
/rik+ #cjc & ins]t+ #cjc1 or subtitle ,c
 ( title ,,iii12 &  7#c7 9 subsection   
7c7--  7,a7 by /rik+ subtitle ,a &      
ins]t+ subtitle ,a or ,c2 &  7,b7 by    
/rik+ ! p]iod at ! end & ins]t+ !       
foll[+3 1 or ! requirem5ts ( subtitle ,c
 ( title ,,iii44  #cjc4 ,guidance on    
,be/ ,practices = ,alt]native ,audit    
,me*anisms  7a7 ,9 g5]al ,n lat] ?an    
,may #a1 #bjae1 ! ,director ( !         
,national ,in/itute ( ,/&>ds &          
,te*nology %all e/abli% guidance =      
,/ates t wi% to e/abli% alt]native audit
 me*anisms "u section #cbb7;b7 ( ! ,help
 ,am]ica ,vote ,act ( #bjjb 7z add$ by  
section #cja74 ,su* guidance %all be    
bas$ ^u sci5tifically & /ati/ically     
reasonable assumptions = ! purpose (    
creat+ an alt]native audit me*anism t w 
be consi/5t ) ! pr9ciples = approval    
describ$ 9 section #cbb7;b77#b7 ( su*   
,act 7z s add$74  7b7 ,au?orization (   
appropriations ,!re are au?oriz$ to be  
appropriat$ to c>ry out subsection 7a7  

#ajj1jjj1 to rema9 available until      
exp5d$4  #cjd4 ,cl]ical ,am5dm5t ,!     
table ( cont5ts ( su* ,act is am5d$ by  
add+ at ! end ( ! items relat+ to title 
,,iii ! foll[+3  ,subtitle ,c--,m&atory 
,manual ,audits ,sec4 #cba4 ,requir+    
audits ( results ( elections4 ,sec4     
#cbb4 ,numb] ( ballots c\nt$ "u audit4  
,sec4 #cbc4 ,process = adm9i/]+ audits4 
,sec4 #cbd4 ,selection ( prec9cts4 ,sec4
 #cbe4 ,publication ( results4 ,sec4    
#cbf4 ,paym5ts to ,/ates4 ,sec4 #cbg4   
,exception = elections subject to rec\nt
 "u ,/ate law prior to c]tification4    
,sec4 #cbh4 ,effective date4  4  ,,iv   
,repeal ( exemption ( ,election         
,assi/ance ,commission f c]ta9 gov]nm5t 
contract+ requirem5ts  #dja4 ,repeal (  
exemption ( ,election ,assi/ance        
,commission f c]ta9 gov]nm5t contract+  
requirem5ts  7a7 ,9 g5]al ,section #bje 
( ! ,help ,am]ica ,vote ,act ( #bjjb    
7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #aecbe7 is am5d$ by /rik+
 subsection 7e74  7b7 ,effective date ,!
 am5dm5t made by subsection 7a7 %all    

apply ) respect to contracts ent]$ into 
by ! ,election ,assi/ance ,commission on
 or aft] ! date ( ! enactm5t ( ?is ,act4
  ,v ,effective date  #eja4 ,effective  
,date ,except z o!rwise provid$1 ?is    
,act & ! am5dm5ts made by ?is ,act %all 
apply ) respect to ! regul>ly s*$ul$    
g5]al election = ,f$]al (fice 9 ,novemb]
 #bjaf & ea* succe$+ election = ,f$]al  
(fice4