,i #aacth ,,congress #b;d ,session ,h4 ,r4 #dfah ,,in ,,the ,,house ,,of ,,representatives ,may #h1 #bjad ,mr4 ,richmond 7for himself1 ,mr4 ,conyers1 ,mr4 ,rangel1 ,mr4 ,danny ,k4 ,davis of ,illinois1 ,mr4 ,grijalva1 ,mr4 ,crdenas1 ,mr4 ,ellison1 ,ms4 ,kaptur1 ,ms4 ,bass1 ,ms4 ,kelly of ,illinois1 ,mr4 ,polis1 ,mr4 ,hastings of ,florida1 ,ms4 ,moore1 ,ms4 ,wilson of ,florida1 ,ms4 ,jackson ,lee1 ,ms4 ,norton1 ,mr4 ,honda1 and ,mr4 ,thompson of ,mississippi7 introduced the following bill2 which was referred to the ,committee on the ,judiciary ,a ,,bill ,to develop and implement national standards for the use of solitary confinement in the ,nation's prisons1 jails1 and juvenile detention facilities4 #a4 ,short title ,this ,act may be cited as the ,the ,solitary ,confinement ,study and ,reform ,act of #bjad4 #b4 ,purposes ,the purposes of this ,act are to-- 7#a7 develop and implement national standards for the use of solitary confinement to ensure that it is used infrequently and only under extreme circumstances2 7#b7 establish a more humane and constitutionally sound practice of segregated detention or solitary confinement in the ,nation's prisons2 7#c7 accelerate the development of best practices and make reforming solitary confinement a top priority in each prison1 jail1 and juvenile detention system at the ,federal and ,state levels2 7#d7 increase the available data and information on the incidence of solitary confinement1 consequently improving the management and administration of correctional and juvenile justice facilities2 7#e7 standardize the definitions used for collecting data on the incidence of solitary confinement2 7#f7 increase the accountability of prison1 jail1 and juvenile corrections officials who fail to design and implement humane and constitutionally sound solitary confinement practices2 7#g7 protect the ,eighth ,amendment rights of ,federal1 ,state1 and local prisoners and juvenile detainees2 and 7#h7 reduce the costs that solitary confinement imposes on interstate commerce4 #c4 ,national solitary confinement study and reform commission 7a7 ,establishment ,there is established a commission to be known as the ,national ,solitary ,confinement ,study and ,reform ,commission4 7b7 ,members 7#a7 ,in general ,the ,commission shall be composed of #i members1 of whom-- 7,a7 #c shall be appointed by the ,president2 7,b7 #b shall be appointed by the ,speaker of the ,house of ,representatives1 unless the ,speaker is of the same party as the ,president1 in which case #a shall be appointed by the ,speaker of the ,house of ,representatives and #a shall be appointed by the minority leader of the ,house of ,representatives2 7,c7 #a shall be appointed by the minority leader of the ,house of ,representatives 7in addition to any appointment made under subparagraph 7,b72 7,d7 #b shall be appointed by the majority leader of the ,senate1 unless the majority leader is of the same party as the ,president1 in which case #a shall be appointed by the majority leader of the ,senate and #a shall be appointed by the minority leader of the ,senate2 and 7,e7 #a member appointed by the minority leader of the ,senate 7in addition to any appointment made under subparagraph 7,d74 7#b7 ,persons eligible ,each member of the ,commission shall be an individual who has knowledge or expertise in matters to be studied by the ,commission4 7#c7 ,consultation required ,the ,president1 the ,speaker and minority leader of the ,house of ,representatives1 and the majority leader and minority leader of the ,senate shall consult with one another prior to the appointment of the members of the ,commission to achieve1 to the maximum extent possible1 fair and equitable representation of various points of view with respect to the matters to be studied by the ,commission4 7#d7 ,term ,each member shall be appointed for the life of the ,commission4 7#e7 ,time for initial appointments ,the appointment of the members shall be made not later than #ahj days after the date of enactment of this ,act4 7#f7 ,vacancies ,a vacancy in the ,commission shall be filled in the manner in which the original appointment was made1 and shall be made not later than #fj days after the date on which the vacancy occurred4 7c7 ,operation 7#a7 ,chairperson ,not later than #ae days after appointments of all the members are made1 the ,president shall appoint a chairperson for the ,commission from among its members4 7#b7 ,meetings ,the ,commission shall meet at the call of the chairperson4 ,the initial meeting of the ,commission shall take place not later than #cj days after the initial appointment of the members is completed4 7#c7 ,quorum ,a majority of the members of the ,commission shall constitute a quorum to conduct business1 but the ,commission may establish a lesser quorum for conducting hearings scheduled by the ,commission4 7#d7 ,rules ,the ,commission may establish by majority vote any other rules for the conduct of ,commission business1 if such rules are not inconsistent with this ,act or other applicable law4 7d7 ,comprehensive study of the impacts of solitary confinement 7#a7 ,in general ,the ,commission shall carry out a comprehensive legal and factual study of the penological1 physical1 mental1 medical1 social1 fiscal1 and economic impacts of solitary confinement in the ,united ,states on-- 7,a7 ,federal1 ,state1 and local governments2 and 7,b7 communities and social institutions generally1 including individuals1 families1 and businesses within such communities and social institutions4 7#b7 ,matters included ,the study under paragraph 7#a7 shall include-- 7,a7 a review of existing ,federal1 ,state1 and local government policies and practices with respect to the extent and duration of the use of solitary confinement2 7,b7 an assessment of the relationship between solitary confinement and prison1 jail1 and juvenile detention facility conditions and existing monitoring1 regulatory1 and enforcement practices2 7,c7 an assessment of the characteristics of prisoners and detainees most likely to be referred to solitary confinement and the effectiveness of various types of treatment or programs to reduce such likelihood2 7,d7 an assessment of the impacts of solitary confinement on individuals1 families1 social institutions1 and the economy generally2 7,e7 an identification of additional scientific and social science research needed on the prevalence of solitary confinement in ,federal1 ,state1 and local prisons1 jails1 and juvenile detention centers as well as a full assessment of existing literature2 7,f7 an assessment of the general relationship between solitary confinement and mental illness2 7,g7 an assessment of the relationship between solitary confinement and levels of training1 supervision1 and discipline of corrections staff2 and 7,h7 an assessment of existing ,federal and ,state systems for collecting and reporting the number and duration of solitary confinement incidents in prisons1 jails1 and juvenile detention facilities nationwide4 7#c7 ,report 7,a7 ,distribution ,not later than two years after the date of the initial meeting of the ,commission1 the ,commission shall submit a report on the study carried out under this subsection to-- 7i7 the ,president2 7ii7 the ,congress2 7iii7 the ,attorney ,general of the ,united ,states2 7iv7 the ,secretary of ,health and ,human ,services2 7v7 the ,director of the ,federal ,bureau of ,prisons2 7vi7 the ,administrator of the ,office of ,juvenile ,justice and ,delinquency ,prevention2 7vii7 the chief executive of each ,state2 and 7viii7 the head of the department of corrections of each ,state4 7,b7 ,contents ,the report under subparagraph 7,a7 shall include-- 7i7 the findings and conclusions of the ,commission2 7ii7 the recommended national standards for reducing the use of solitary confinement described in subsection 7e72 and 7iii7 a summary of the materials relied on by the ,commission in the preparation of the report4 7e7 ,recommendations 7#a7 ,in general ,as part of the report submitted under subsection 7d77#c71 the ,commission shall provide the ,attorney ,general and the ,secretary of ,health and ,human ,services with recommended national standards for significantly reducing the use of solitary confinement in the ,nation's prisons1 jails1 and juvenile detention facilities4 7#b7 ,matters included ,the information provided under paragraph 7#a7 shall include recommended national standards relating to-- 7,a7 how authorities can progress toward significantly limiting the utilization of solitary confinement so that a prisoner or detainee may be placed in solitary confinement only when the safety or security of the facility or another person is at imminent risk1 during an ongoing disciplinary investigation concerning an adult prisoner1 or to punish an adult prisoner for an extremely serious disciplinary infraction2 7,b7 methods that can be employed to ensure that the duration of solitary confinement of a prisoner at an institution can be limited to fewer than #cj days in any #de-;day period1 except in a case in which the head of a corrections facility makes an individualized determination that prolonged solitary confinement of the prisoner for a serious disciplinary infraction is necessary for the order or security of the institution or a prisoner requests such placement2 7,c7 ensuring that prior to being classified1 assigned1 or subject to long-term solitary confinement1 an adult prisoner shall be entitled to a meaningful hearing on the reason for and duration of the confinement and have access to legal counsel for such hearings2 7,d7 ensuring that indefinite sentencing of an adult prisoner to long-term solitary confinement will not be allowed and that the prisoner will be afforded a meaningful review of the confinement at least once every #cj days that the prisoner remains in solitary confinement and that facility officials must record and provide a transcript of the review proceedings for the prisoner under review to the prisoner or the prisoner's designee2 7,e7 ensuring that corrections authorities design and implement programming that allows adult prisoners subject to long-term solitary confinement to earn placement in less restrictive housing through positive behavior2 7,f7 limiting the use of involuntary solitary confinement for the purpose of protective custody solely because of a personal characteristic that makes the prisoner particularly vulnerable to harm1 including age1 gender identity1 race1 or religion2 7,g7 ensuring that corrections authorities improve access to mental health treatment for prisoners and juvenile detainees in solitary confinement2 7,h7 ensuring that corrections authorities work toward systems wherein prisoners and juvenile detainees diagnosed by a qualified mental health professional with a serious mental illness shall not be held in long-term solitary confinement2 7,i7 ensuring that corrections authorities do all that is feasible to make certain that prisoners and juvenile detainees younger than #ah years of age shall not be held in solitary confinement for any duration1 except under extreme emergency circumstances2 7,j7 ensuring that corrections authorities develop alternative methods to manage issues with juvenile detainees and prisoners under #ah other than solitary confinement2 and 7,k7 such other matters as may reasonably be related to the goal of reducing solitary confinement in the ,nation's prisons4 7#c7 ,limitation ,the ,commission shall not propose a recommended standard that would impose substantial additional costs compared to the costs presently expended by ,federal1 ,state1 and local corrections authorities and shall seek to propose standards that reduce the costs of incarceration to these authorities4 7f7 ,consultation with accreditation organizations ,in developing recommended national standards for the reduction of solitary confinement1 the ,commission shall consider any standards that have already been developed1 or are being developed simultaneously to the deliberations of the ,commission4 ,the ,commission shall consult with accreditation organizations responsible for the accreditation of ,federal1 ,state1 local1 or private corrections facilities1 that have developed or are currently developing standards related to solitary confinement4 ,the ,commission shall also consult with national associations representing the corrections profession1 the legal profession1 the medical profession1 or any other pertinent professional body that has developed or is currently developing standards related to solitary confinement4 7g7 ,hearings 7#a7 ,in general ,the ,commission shall hold public hearings4 ,the ,commission may hold such hearings1 sit and act at such times and places1 take such testimony1 and receive such evidence as the ,commission considers advisable to carry out its duties under this section4 7#b7 ,witness expenses ,witnesses requested to appear before the ,commission shall be paid the same fees as are paid to witnesses under section #ahba of title #bh1 ,united ,states ,code4 ,the per diem and mileage allowances for witnesses shall be paid from funds appropriated to the ,commission4 7h7 ,information from federal or state agencies ,the ,commission may secure directly from any ,federal department or agency such information as the ,commission considers necessary to carry out its duties under this section4 ,the ,commission may request the head of any ,state or local department or agency to furnish such information to the ,commission4 7i7 ,personnel matters 7#a7 ,travel expenses ,the members of the ,commission shall be allowed travel expenses1 including per diem in lieu of subsistence1 at rates authorized for employees of agencies under subchapter ,i of chapter #eg of title #e1 ,united ,states ,code1 while away from their homes or regular places of business in the performance of service for the ,commission4 7#b7 ,detail of federal employees ,with the affirmative vote of #bc of the ,commission1 any ,federal ,government employee1 with the approval of the head of the appropriate ,federal agency1 may be detailed to the ,commission without reimbursement1 and such detail shall be without interruption or loss of civil service status1 benefits1 or privileges4 7#c7 ,procurement of temporary and intermittent services ,upon the request of the ,commission1 the ,attorney ,general shall provide reasonable and appropriate office space1 supplies1 and administrative assistance4 7j7 ,contracts for research 7#a7 ,national institute of justice ,with a #bc affirmative vote1 the ,commission may select nongovernmental researchers and experts to assist the ,commission in carrying out its duties under this ,act4 ,the ,national ,institute of ,justice shall contract with the researchers and experts selected by the ,commission to provide funding in exchange for their services4 7#b7 ,other organizations ,nothing in this subsection shall be construed to limit the ability of the ,commission to enter into contracts with other entities or organizations for research necessary to carry out the duties of the ,commission under this section4 7k7 ,termination ,the ,commission shall terminate on the date that is #fj days after the date on which the ,commission submits the reports required by this section4 7l7 ,exemption ,the ,commission shall be exempt from the ,federal ,advisory ,committee ,act4 #d4 ,adoption and effect of national standards 7a7 ,publication of standards 7#a7 ,final rule ,not later than two years after receiving the report specified in section 7#c77;d77#c71 the ,attorney ,general shall publish a final rule adopting national standards for the reduction of solitary confinement in the ,nation's prisons1 jails1 and juvenile detention centers4 7#b7 ,independent judgment ,the standards referred to in paragraph 7#a7 shall be based upon the independent judgment of the ,attorney ,general1 after giving due consideration to the recommended national standards provided by the ,commission under section #c7;e71 and being informed by such data1 opinions1 and proposals that the ,attorney ,general determines to be appropriate to consider4 7#c7 ,limitation ,the ,attorney ,general shall not establish a national standard under this section that would impose substantial additional costs compared to the costs presently expended by ,federal1 ,state1 and local corrections authorities4 ,the ,attorney ,general may1 however1 provide a list of improvements for consideration by correctional facilities4 7#d7 ,transmission to states ,within #ij days of publishing the final rule under paragraph 7#a71 the ,attorney ,general shall transmit the national standards adopted under that paragraph to the chief executive of each ,state1 the head of the department of corrections of each ,state1 the head of the department of juvenile justice of each state1 and to the appropriate authorities in those units of local government who oversee operations in one or more prisons1 jails1 or juvenile detention facilities4 7b7 ,applicability to federal bureau of prisons ,the national standards referred to in subsection 7a7 shall apply to the ,federal ,bureau of ,prisons immediately upon adoption of the final rule under subsection 7a77#a74 7c7 ,eligibility for federal funds 7#a7 ,adoption of national standards ,for each fiscal year1 any amount that a ,state would otherwise receive for prison1 jail1 and juvenile detention purposes for that fiscal year under a grant program covered by paragraph 7#b7 shall be reduced by #ae percent unless the chief executive of the ,state or pertinent local government official submits to the ,attorney ,general-- 7,a7 a certification that the ,state or local government has adopted1 and is in full compliance with1 the national standards described in subsection 7a77#a72 or 7,b7 an assurance that not less than #e percent of such amount shall be used only for the purpose of enabling the ,state or local government to adopt1 and achieve full compliance with1 those national standards1 so as to ensure that a certification under subparagraph 7,a7 may be submitted in future years4 7#b7 ,covered ,programs 7,a7 ,in ,general ,a grant program is covered by this subsection if-- 7i7 the program is carried out by or under the authority of the ,attorney ,general2 and 7ii7 the program may provide amounts to ,states or local governments for criminal justice or juvenile justice purposes4 7,b7 ,list ,for each fiscal year1 the ,attorney ,general shall prepare a list identifying each program that meets the criteria of subparagraph 7,a7 and make such list available to each ,state and local government4 7#c7 ,report on noncompliance ,not later than ,september #cj of each year1 the ,attorney ,general shall publish a report listing each grantee that is not in compliance with the national standards adopted pursuant to subsection 7a77#a74 7#d7 ,redistribution of amounts ,amounts under a grant program not granted by reason of a reduction under paragraph 7#a7 shall be granted to one or more entities not subject to such reduction or such prohibition1 subject to the other laws governing that program4 7#e7 ,implementation ,the ,attorney ,general shall establish procedures to implement this subsection1 including procedures for effectively applying this subsection to discretionary grant programs4 7#f7 ,effective date ,the programs covered under paragraph 7#b7 shall be subject to decreases under this ,act in the second fiscal year that commences after the date the ,attorney ,general issues the final rule under subsection 7a77#a74 #e4 ,definitions ,for purposes of this ,act1 the following definitions shall apply3 7#a7 ,attorney ,general ,the term ,attorney ,general means the ,attorney ,general of the ,united ,states4 7#b7 ,commission ,the term ,commission means the ,national ,solitary ,confinement ,study and ,reform ,commission established under section #c of this ,act4 7#c7 ,long-term ,the term long-term means any period lasting more than #cj days1 consecutive or nonconsecutive1 in any #de-;day period4 7#d7 ,qualified mental health professional ,the term qualified mental health professional means a psychiatrist1 psychologist1 psychiatric social worker1 licensed professional counselor1 psychiatric nurse1 or another individual who1 by virtue of education1 credentials1 and experience1 is permitted by law to evaluate and provide mental health care4 7#e7 ,serious mental illness ,the term serious mental illness means a substantial disorder that-- 7,a7 significantly impairs judgment1 behavior1 or capacity to recognize reality or cope with the ordinary demands of life2 and 7,b7 is manifested by substantial pain or disability1 the status of being actively suicidal1 a severe cognitive disorder that results in significant functional impairment1 or a severe personality disorder that results in significant functional impairment4 7#f7 ,solitary confinement ,the term solitary confinement means confinement of a prisoner or juvenile detainee in a cell or other place1 alone or with other persons1 for approximately #bb hours or more per day with severely restricted activity1 movement1 and social interaction4 7#g7 ,corrections ,the term corrections includes prisons1 jails1 and juvenile detention facilities4