,i #aac? ,,congress #a/ ,session ,h4 ,r4 #dch ,,9 ,,! ,,h\se ,,( ,,repres5tatives ,janu>y #bi1 #bjac ,ms4 ,norton introduc$ ! foll[+ bill2 :i* 0 ref]r$ to ! ,committee on ,education & ! ,work=ce ,a ,,bill ,to am5d ! ,fair ,labor ,/&>ds ,act ( #aich to prohibit discrim9ation 9 ! paym5t ( wages on acc\nt ( sex1 race1 or national orig91 & = o!r purposes4 #a4 ,%ort title 7a7 ,%ort title ,?is ,act may be cit$ z ! ,fair ,pay ,act ( #bjac4 7b7 ,ref]5ce ,except z provid$ 9 section #h1 :5ev] 9 ?is ,act an am5dm5t or repeal is express$ 9 t]ms ( an am5dm5t to1 or repeal (1 a section or o!r provision1 ! ref]5ce %all be consid]$ to be made to a section or o!r provision ( ! ,fair ,labor ,/&>ds ,act ( #aich 7#bi ,u4,s4,c4 #bja et seq474 #b4 ,f9d+s ,congress f9ds ! foll[+3 7#a7 ,wage rate diff]5tials exi/ betwe5 equival5t jobs segregat$ by sex1 race1 & national orig9 9 ,gov]nm5t employm5t & 9 indu/ries engag$ 9 comm]ce or 9 ! production ( goods = comm]ce4 7#b7 ,! exi/5ce ( su* wage rate diff]5tials-- 7,a7 depresses wages & liv+ /&>ds = employees necess>y = _! heal? & effici5cy2 7,b7 prev5ts ! maximum utilization ( ! available labor res\rces2 7,c7 t5ds to cause labor disputes1 !reby burd5+1 affect+1 & ob/ruct+ comm]ce2 7,d7 burd5s comm]ce & ! free fl[ ( goods 9 comm]ce2 & 7,e7 con/itutes an unfair me?od ( competition4 7#c7 ,discrim9ation 9 hir+ & promotion has play$ a role 9 ma9ta9+ a segregat$ "w =ce4 7#d7 ,_m wom5 & p ( color "w 9 occupations dom9at$ by individuals ( _! same sex1 race1 & national orig94 7#e7 7,a7 ,9 #bjji1 a woman 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates work+ 9 a full-"t1 ye>-r\nd job e>n$ #gg c5ts = e doll> e>n$ by a man work+ 9 a full-"t1 ye>-r\nd job4 7,b7 ,a #bjjg /udy f\nd t--ev5 :5 acc\nt+ = key factors g5]ally kn[n to influ5ce e>n+s su* z race1 educational atta9m5t1 & exp]i5ce--ne>ly half 7#di4c p]c5t7 ( ! pay gap c be expla9$ by diff]5ces 9 ! indu/ries & occupations t m5 & wom5 "w 91 & #da p]c5t ( ! pay gap _c be acc\nt$ = b may be p>tially expla9$ by discrim9ation 9 ! workplace4 7#f7 ,section #f7;d7 ( ! ,fair ,labor ,/&>ds ,act ( #aich prohibits discrim9ation 9 comp5sation = equal "w on ! basis ( sex4 7#g7 ,artificial b>ri]s to ! elim9ation ( discrim9ation 9 comp5sation bas$ ^u sex1 race1 & national orig9 cont9ue to exi/ m ?an #d decades aft] ! passage ( section #f7;d7 ( ! ,fair ,labor ,/&>ds ,act ( #aich1 ! ,equal ,pay ,act ( #aifc1 & ! ,civil ,rights ,act ( #aifd 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #bjjj;a et seq474 ,elim9ation ( su* b>ri]s w\ld h positive effects1 includ+-- 7,a7 provid+ a solution to problems 9 ! economy creat$ by discrim9ation ?r\gh wage rate diff]5tials2 7,b7 sub/antially r$uc+ ! numb] ( work+ wom5 & p ( color e>n+ l[ wages1 !reby r$uc+ ! dep5d5ce on public assi/ance2 & 7,c7 promot+ /able families by enabl+ work+ family memb]s to e>n a fair rate ( pay4 #c4 ,equal pay = equival5t jobs 7a7 ,am5dm5t ,section #f 7#bi ,u4,s4,c4 #bjf7 is am5d$ by add+ at ! end ! foll[+3 7h7 7#a7 7,a7 ,except z provid$ 9 subp>agraph 7,b71 no employ] hav+ employees subject to any provision ( ?is section %all discrim9ate1 )9 any e/abli%m5t 9 :i* su* employees are employ$1 betwe5 employees on ! basis ( sex1 race1 or national orig9 by pay+ wages to employees 9 su* e/abli%m5t 9 a job t is dom9at$ by employees ( a p>ticul> sex1 race1 or national orig9 at a rate less ?an ! rate at :i* ! employ] pays wages to employees 9 su* e/abli%m5t 9 ano!r job t is dom9at$ by employees ( ! opposite sex or ( a diff]5t race or national orig91 respectively1 = "w on equival5t jobs4 7,b7 ,no?+ 9 subp>agraph 7,a7 %all prohibit ! paym5t ( diff]5t wage rates to employees :]e su* paym5t is made pursuant to-- 7i7 a s5iority sy/em2 7ii7 a m]it sy/em2 7iii7 a sy/em t measures e>n+s by quantity or quality ( production2 or 7iv7 a diff]5tial bas$ on a bona fide factor o!r ?an sex1 race1 or national orig91 su* z education1 tra9+1 or exp]i5ce1 except t ?is clause %all apply only if-- 7,i7 ! employ] demon/rates t-- 7aa7 su* factor-- 7,,aa7 is job-relat$ ) respect to ! position 9 "q2 or 7,,bb7 fur!rs a legitimate bus9ess purpose1 except t ?is item %all n apply if ! employee demon/rates t an alt]native employm5t practice exi/s t w\ld s]ve ! same bus9ess purpose )\t produc+ su* diff]5tial & t ! employ] has refus$ to adopt su* alt]native practice2 & 7bb7 su* factor 0 actually appli$ & us$ reasonably 9 light ( ! ass]t$ ju/ification2 & 7,,ii7 ^u ! employ] succe$+ "u subclause 7,i71 ! employee fails to demon/rate t ! diff]5tial produc$ by ! reliance ( ! employ] on su* factor is itself ! result ( discrim9ation on ! basis ( sex1 race1 or national orig9 by ! employ]4 7,c7 ,! ,equal ,employm5t ,opportunity ,commission %all issue guidel9es specify+ crit]ia = det]m9+ :e!r a job is dom9at$ by employees ( a p>ticul> sex1 race1 or national orig9 = purposes ( subp>agraph 7,b77iv74 ,su* guidel9es %all n include a li/ ( su* jobs4 7,d7 ,an employ] :o is pay+ a wage rate diff]5tial 9 violation ( subp>agraph 7,a7 %all n1 9 ord] to comply ) ! provisions ( su* subp>agraph1 r$uce ! wage rate ( any employee4 7#b7 ,no labor organization or its ag5ts repres5t+ employees ( an employ] hav+ employees subject to any provision ( ?is section %all cause or attempt to cause su* an employ] to discrim9ate aga9/ an employee 9 violation ( p>agraph 7#a77;,a74 7#c7 ,= purposes ( adm9i/ration & en=cem5t ( ?is subsection1 any am\nts ow+ to any employee t h be5 )held 9 violation ( p>agraph 7#a77;,a7 %all be deem$ to be unpaid m9imum wages or unpaid ov]time comp5sation "u ?is section or section #g4 7#d7 ,9 ?is subsection3 7,a7 ,! t]m labor organization means any organization ( any k9d1 or any ag5cy or employee repres5tation committee or plan1 9 :i* employees p>ticipate & t exi/s = ! purpose1 9 :ole or 9 "p1 ( deal+ ) employ]s conc]n+ grievances1 labor disputes1 wages1 rates ( pay1 h\rs ( employm5t1 or conditions ( "w4 7,b7 ,! t]m equival5t jobs means jobs t may be dissimil>1 b ^: requirem5ts are equival5t1 :5 view$ z a composite ( skills1 ef=t1 responsibility1 & work+ conditions4 4 7b7 ,con=m+ am5dm5t ,section #ac7;a7 7#bi ,u4,s4,c4 #bac7;a77 is am5d$ 9 ! matt] be=e p>agraph 7#a7 by /rik+ section #f7;d7 & ins]t+ sections #f 7d7 & 7h74 #d4 ,prohibit$ acts ,section #ae7;a7 7#bi ,u4,s4,c4 #bae7;a77 is am5d$-- 7#a7 by /rik+ ! p]iod at ! end ( p>agraph 7#e7 & ins]t+ a semicolon2 & 7#b7 by add+ aft] p>agraph 7#e7 ! foll[+3 7#f7 to discrim9ate aga9/ any individual because su* individual has oppos$ any act or practice made unlawful by section #f7;h7 or because su* individual made a *>ge1 te/ifi$1 assi/$1 or p>ticipat$ 9 any mann] 9 an inve/igation1 proce$+1 or he>+ to en=ce section #f7;h72 or 7#g7 to dis*>ge or 9 any o!r mann] discrim9ate aga9/1 co]ce1 intimidate1 ?reat51 or int]f]e ) any employee or any o!r p]son because ! employee inquir$ ab\t1 disclos$1 comp>$1 or o!rwise discuss$ ! employee's wages or ! wages ( any o!r employee1 or because ! employee ex]cis$1 enjoy$1 aid$1 or enc\rag$ any o!r p]son to ex]cise or enjoy any "r grant$ or protect$ by section #f7;h74 4 #e4 ,rem$ies 7a7 ,enhanc$ p5alties ,section #af7;b7 7#bi ,u4,s4,c4 #baf7;b77 is am5d$-- 7#a7 by ins]t+ aft] ! fir/ s5t5ce ! foll[+3 ,any employ] :o violates subsection 7d7 or 7h7 ( section #f %all additionally be liable = su* comp5satory or punitive damages z may be appropriate1 except t ! ,unit$ ,/ates %all n be liable = punitive damages42 7#b7 9 ! s5t5ce beg9n+ ,an action to1 by /rik+ ei!r ( ! prec$+ s5t5ces & ins]t+ any ( ! prec$+ s5t5ces ( ?is subsection2 7#c7 9 ! s5t5ce beg9n+ ,no employees1 by /rik+ ,no employees & ins]t+ ,except ) respect to class actions br\ght "u subsection 7f71 no employee2 7#d7 9 ! s5t5ce beg9n+ ,! c\rt 91 by /rik+ 9 su* action & ins]t+ 9 any action br\ght to recov] ! liability prescrib$ 9 any ( ! prec$+ s5t5ces ( ?is subsection2 & 7#e7 by /rik+ section #ae7;a77#c7 ea* place x occurs & ins]t+ p>agraphs 7#c71 7#f71 & 7#g7 ( section #ae7;a74 7b7 ,action by secret>y ,section #af7;c7 7#bi ,u4,s4,c4 #baf7;c77 is am5d$-- 7#a7 9 ! fir/ s5t5ce-- 7,a7 by ins]t+ or1 9 ! case ( a violation ( subsection 7d7 or 7h7 ( section #f1 additional comp5satory or punitive damages1 be=e & ! agreem5t2 & 7,b7 by ins]t+ be=e ! p]iod ! foll[+3 1 or su* comp5satory or punitive damages1 z appropriate2 7#b7 9 ! second s5t5ce1 by ins]t+ be=e ! p]iod ! foll[+3 &1 9 ! case ( a violation ( subsection 7d7 or 7h7 ( section #f1 additional comp5satory or punitive damages2 & 7#c7 9 ! ?ird s5t5ce1 by /rik+ ! fir/ s5t5ce & ins]t+ ! fir/ or second s5t5ce4 7c7 ,fees ,section #af 7#bi ,u4,s4,c4 #baf7 is am5d$ by add+ at ! end ! foll[+3 7f7 ,9 any action br\ght "u ?is section = a violation ( section #f7;h71 ! c\rt %all1 9 addition to any o!r rem$ies aw>d$ to ! prevail+ pla9tiff or pla9tiffs1 all[ exp]t fees z "p ( ! co/s4 ,any su* action may be ma9ta9$ z a class action z provid$ by ! ,f$]al ,rules ( ,civil ,proc$ure4 4 #f4 ,records 7a7 ,records ,section #aa7;c7 7#bi ,u4,s4,c4 #baa7;c77 is am5d$-- 7#a7 by ins]t+ 7#a7 aft] 7c72 & 7#b7 by add+ at ! end ! foll[+3 7#b7 ,e employ] subject to section #f7;h7 %all pres]ve records t docum5t & support ! me?od1 sy/em1 calculations1 & o!r bases us$ by ! employ] 9 e/abli%+1 adju/+1 & det]m9+ ! wage rates paid to ! employees ( ! employ]4 ,e employ] subject to section #f7;h7 %all pres]ve su* records = su* p]iods ( "t1 & %all make su* reports f ! records to ! ,equal ,employm5t ,opportunity ,commission1 z %all be prescrib$ by ! ,equal ,employm5t ,opportunity ,commission by regulation or ord] z necess>y or appropriate = ! en=cem5t ( ! provisions ( section #f7;h7 or any regulation promulgat$ pursuant to section #f7;h74 4 7b7 ,small bus9ess exemptions ,section #aa7;c7 7z am5d$ by subsection 7a77 is fur!r am5d$ by add+ at ! end ! foll[+3 7#c7 ,e employ] subject to section #f7;h7 t has #be or m employees on any date dur+ ! fir/ or second ye> aft] ! effective date ( ?is p>agraph1 or #ae or m employees on any date dur+ any subsequ5t ye> aft] su* second ye>1 %all1 9 accordance ) regulations promulgat$ by ! ,equal ,employm5t ,opportunity ,commission "u p>agraph 7#h71 prep>e & submit to ! ,equal ,employm5t ,opportunity ,commission = ! ye> involv$ a report sign$ by ! presid5t1 treasur]1 or correspond+ pr9cipal (fic]1 ( ! employ] t includes in=mation t discloses ! wage rates paid to employees ( ! employ] 9 ea* classification1 position1 or job title1 or to employees 9 o!r wage gr\ps employ$ by ! employ]1 includ+ in=mation ) respect to ! sex1 race1 & national orig9 ( employees at ea* wage rate 9 ea* classification1 position1 job title1 or o!r wage gr\p4 4 7c7 ,protection ( confid5tiality ,section #aa7;c7 7z am5d$ by subsections 7a7 & 7b77 is fur!r am5d$ by add+ at ! end ! foll[+3 7#d7 ,! rules & regulations promulgat$ by ! ,equal ,employm5t ,opportunity ,commission "u p>agraph 7#h71 relat+ to ! =m ( su* a report1 %all include requirem5ts to protect ! confid5tiality ( employees1 includ+ a requirem5t t ! report %all n conta9 ! "n ( any individual employee4 4 7d7 ,use2 inspections2 exam9ation2 regulations ,section #aa7;c7 7z am5d$ by subsections 7a7 ?r\gh 7c77 is fur!r am5d$ by add+ at ! end ! foll[+3 7#e7 ,! ,equal ,employm5t ,opportunity ,commission may publi% any in=mation & data t ! ,equal ,employm5t ,opportunity ,commission obta9s pursuant to ! provisions ( p>agraph 7#c74 ,! ,equal ,employm5t ,opportunity ,commission may use ! in=mation & data = /ati/ical & rese>* purposes1 & compile & publi% su* /udies1 analyses1 reports1 & surveys bas$ on ! in=mation & data z ! ,equal ,employm5t ,opportunity ,commission may consid] appropriate4 7#f7 ,9 ord] to c>ry out ! purposes ( ?is ,act1 ! ,equal ,employm5t ,opportunity ,commission %all by regulation make reasonable provision = ! inspection & exam9ation by any p]son ( ! in=mation & data conta9$ 9 any report submitt$ to ! ,equal ,employm5t ,opportunity ,commission pursuant to p>agraph 7#c74 7#g7 ,! ,equal ,employm5t ,opportunity ,commission %all by regulation provide = ! furni%+ ( copies ( reports submitt$ to ! ,equal ,employm5t ,opportunity ,commission pursuant to p>agraph 7#c7 to any p]son ^u paym5t ( a *>ge bas$ ^u ! co/ ( ! s]vice4 7#h7 ,! ,equal ,employm5t ,opportunity ,commission %all issue rules & regulations prescrib+ ! =m & cont5t ( reports requir$ to be submitt$ "u p>agraph 7#c7 & su* o!r reasonable rules & regulations z ! ,equal ,employm5t ,opportunity ,commission may f9d necess>y to prev5t ! circumv5tion or evasion ( su* report+ requirem5ts4 ,9 ex]cis+ ! au?ority ( ! ,equal ,employm5t ,opportunity ,commission "u p>agraph 7#c71 ! ,equal ,employm5t ,opportunity ,commission may prescribe by g5]al rule simplifi$ reports = employ]s = :om ! ,equal ,employm5t ,opportunity ,commission f9ds t because ( ! size ( ! employ]s a detail$ report w\ld be unduly burd5some4 4 #g4 ,rese>*1 education1 & te*nical assi/ance program2 report to congress ,section #d7;d7 7#bi ,u4,s4,c4 #bjd7;d77 is am5d$ by add+ at ! end ! foll[+3 7#d7 ,! ,equal ,employm5t ,opportunity ,commission %all conduct /udies & provide in=mation & te*nical assi/ance to employ]s1 labor organizations1 & ! g5]al public conc]n+ effective means available to implem5t ! provisions ( section #f7;h7 prohibit+ wage rate discrim9ation betwe5 employees p]=m+ "w 9 equival5t jobs on ! basis ( sex1 race1 or national orig94 ,su* /udies1 in=mation1 & te*nical assi/ance %all be bas$ on & include ref]5ce to ! objectives ( su* section to elim9ate su* discrim9ation4 ,9 ord] to a*ieve ! objectives ( su* section1 ! ,equal ,employm5t ,opportunity ,commission %all c>ry on a cont9u+ program ( rese>*1 education1 & te*nical assi/ance includ+-- 7,a7 conduct+ & promot+ rese>* ) ! int5t ( develop+ means to exp$iti\sly correct ! wage rate diff]5tials describ$ 9 section #f7;h72 7,b7 publi%+ & o!rwise mak+ available to employ]s1 labor organizations1 pr(essional associations1 educational in/itutions1 ! v>i\s m$ia ( communication1 & ! g5]al public ! f9d+s ( /udies & o!r mat]ials = promot+ compliance ) section #f7;h72 7,c7 sponsor+ & assi/+ ,/ate & community in=mational & educational programs2 & 7,d7 provid+ te*nical assi/ance to employ]s1 labor organizations1 pr(essional associations & o!r int]e/$ p]sons on means ( a*iev+ & ma9ta9+ compliance ) ! provisions ( section #f7;h74 7#e7 ,! report submitt$ bi5nially by ! ,secret>y to ,congress "u p>agraph 7#a7 %all include a sep>ate evaluation & appraisal reg>d+ ! implem5tation ( section #f7;h74 4 #h4 ,con=m+ am5dm5ts 7a7 ,congressional employees 7#a7 ,application ,section #bjc7;a77#a7 ( ! ,congressional ,acc\ntability ,act ( #aiie 7#b ,u4,s4,c4 #acac7;a77#a77 is am5d$-- 7,a7 by /rik+ subsections 7a77#a7 & 7d7 ( section #f & ins]t+ subsections 7a77#a71 7d71 & 7h7 ( section #f2 & 7,b7 by /rik+ #bjf 7a77#a7 & 7d7 & ins]t+ #bjf 7a77#a71 7d71 & 7h74 7#b7 ,rem$ies ,section #bjc7;b7 ( su* ,act 7#b ,u4,s4,c4 #acac7;b77 is am5d$ by ins]t+ be=e ! p]iod ! foll[+3 or1 9 an appropriate case1 "u section #af7;f7 ( su* ,act 7#bi ,u4,s4,c4 #baf7;f774 7b7 ,executive bran* employees 7#a7 ,application ,section #dac7;a77#a7 ( title #c1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 z add$ by section #b7;a7 ( ! ,presid5tial & ,executive ,(fice ,acc\ntability ,act 7,public ,law #ajd-cca2 #aaj ,/at4 #djec71 is am5d$ by /rik+ subsections 7a77#a7 & 7d7 ( section #f & ins]t+ subsections 7a77#a71 7d71 & 7h7 ( section #f4 7#b7 ,rem$ies ,section #dac7;b7 ( su* title is am5d$ by ins]t+ be=e ! p]iod ! foll[+3 or1 9 an appropriate case1 "u section #af7;f7 ( su* ,act4 #i4 ,effective date ,! am5dm5ts made by ?is ,act %all take effect #a ye> aft] ! date ( enactm5t ( ?is ,act4