,i  #aac? ,,congress  #b;d ,session  ,h4
 ,r4 #chii  ,,9 ,,! ,,h\se ,,(          
,,repres5tatives  ,janu>y #af1 #bjad,mr4
 ,s5s5br5n] 7= himself1 ,mr4 ,cony]s1   
,mr4 ,lewis1 ,mr4 ,scott ( ,virg9ia1    
,mr4 ,ba*us1 ,mr4 ,*abot1 ,ms4 ,jackson 
,lee1 ,mr4 ,duffy1 & ,mr4 ,hoy]7        
introduc$ ! foll[+ bill2 :i* 0 ref]r$ to
 ! ,committee on ! ,judici>y  ,a ,,bill 
,to am5d ! ,vot+ ,rights ,act ( #aife to
 revise ! crit]ia = det]m9+ :i* ,/ates &
 political subdivisions are subject to  
section #d ( ! ,act1 & = o!r purposes4  
#a4 ,%ort title ,?is ,act may be cit$ z 
! ,vot+ ,rights ,am5dm5t ,act ( #bjad4  
#b4 ,violations trigg]+ au?ority ( c\rt 
to reta9 jurisdiction  7a7 ,types (     
,violations ,section #c7;c7 ( ! ,vot+   
,rights ,act ( #aife 7#db ,u4,s4,c4     
#aigc;a7c77 is am5d$ by /rik+ violations
 ( ! f\rte5? or fifte5? am5dm5t & ins]t+
 violations ( ! #ad? or #ae? ,am5dm5t2  
violations ( ?is ,act 7o!r ?an a        
violation ( section #b7;a7 :i* is bas$  
on ! imposition ( a requirem5t t an     

individual provide a photo id5tification
 z a condition ( receiv+ a ballot = vot+
 9 an election = ,f$]al1 ,/ate1 or local
 (fice72 or violations ( any ,f$]al vot+
 rights law t prohibits discrim9ation on
 ! basis ( race1 color1 or memb]%ip 9 a 
language m9ority gr\p14  7b7 ,con=m+    
,am5dm5t ,section #c7;a7 ( su* ,act 7#db
 ,u4,s4,c4 #aigc;a7a77 is am5d$ by /rik+
 violations ( ! f\rte5? or fifte5?      
am5dm5t & ins]t+ violations ( ! #ad? or 
#ae? ,am5dm5t1 violations ( ?is ,act1 or
 violations ( any ,f$]al vot+ rights law
 t prohibits discrim9ation on ! basis ( 
race1 color1 or memb]%ip 9 a language   
m9ority gr\p14  #c4 ,crit]ia = cov]age (
 ,/ates & political subdivisions  7a7   
,det]m9ation ( ,/ates & ,political      
,subdivisions ,subject to ,section      
#d7;a7  7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,section #d7;b7 ( 
! ,vot+ ,rights ,act ( #aife 7#db       
,u4,s4,c4 #aigc;b7b77 is am5d$ to read z
 foll[s3  7b7 ,det]m9ation ( ,/ates &   
,political ,subdivisions ,subject to    
,requirem5ts  7#a7 ,exi/5ce ( vot+      

rights violations dur+ previ\s #ae ye>s 
7,a7 ,/atewide application ,subsection  
7a7 applies ) respect to a ,/ate & all  
political subdivisions )9 ! ,/ate dur+ a
 cal5d> ye> if #e or m vot+ rights      
violations occurr$ 9 ! ,/ate dur+ !     
previ\s #ae cal5d> ye>s1 at lea/ "o (   
:i* 0 committ$ by ! ,/ate itself 7z     
oppos$ to a political subdivision )9 !  
,/ate74  7,b7 ,application to specific  
political subdivisions ,subsection 7a7  
applies ) respect to a political        
subdivision dur+ a cal5d> ye> if-- 7i7  
#c or m vot+ rights violations occurr$ 9
 ! subdivision dur+ ! previ\s #ae cal5d>
 ye>s2 or  7ii7 #a or m vot+ rights     
violations occurr$ 9 ! subdivision dur+ 
! previ\s #ae cal5d> ye>s & !           
subdivision _h p]si/5t1 extremely l[    
m9ority turn\t dur+ ! previ\s #ae cal5d>
 ye>s4  7#b7 ,p]iod ( application  7,a7 
,9 g5]al ,except z provid$ 9 subp>agraph
 7,b71 if1 pursuant to p>agraph 7#a71   
subsection 7a7 applies ) respect to a   
,/ate or political subdivision dur+ a   

cal5d> ye>1 subsection 7a7 %all apply ) 
respect to su* ,/ate or political       
subdivision = ! p]iod-- 7i7 t beg9s on  
,janu>y #a ( ! ye> 9 :i* subsection 7a7 
applies pursuant to ! applicable        
provisions ( p>agraph 7#a72 &  7ii7 t   
ends on ! date :i* is #aj ye>s aft]     
,janu>y #a ( ! ye> 9 :i* ! mo/ rec5t    
vot+ rights violation occurr$ 9 ! ,/ate 
or political subdivision4  7,b7 ,no     
fur!r application aft] decl>atory       
judgm5t  7i7 ,/ates ,if a ,/ate obta9s a
 decl>atory judgm5t "u subsection 7a71 &
 ! judgm5t rema9s 9 effect1 subsection  
7a7 %all no long] apply to su* ,/ate    
pursuant to p>agraph 7#a77;,a7 unless1  
aft] ! issuance ( ! decl>atory judgm5t1 
p>agraph 7#a77;,a7 applies to ! ,/ate   
solely on ! basis ( vot+ rights         
violations occurr+ aft] ! issuance ( !  
decl>atory judgm5t4  7ii7 ,political    
subdivisions ,if a political subdivision
 obta9s a decl>atory judgm5t "u         
subsection 7a71 & ! judgm5t rema9s 9    
effect1 subsection 7a7 %all no long]    

apply to su* political subdivision      
pursuant to p>agraph 7#a71 includ+      
pursuant to p>agraph 7#a77;,a7 7relat+  
to ! /atewide application ( subsection  
7a771 unless1 aft] ! issuance ( !       
decl>atory judgm5t1 p>agraph 7#a77;,b7  
applies to ! political subdivision      
solely on ! basis ( vot+ rights         
violations 7&1 9 ! case ( p>agraph      
7#a77;,b77ii71 extremely l[ m9ority     
turn\t7 occurr+ aft] ! issuance ( !     
decl>atory judgm5t4  7#c7 ,det]m9ation (
 vot+ rights violation ,= purposes (    
p>agraph 7#a71 a vot+ rights violation  
occurr$ 9 a ,/ate or political          
subdivision if any ( ! foll[+ applies3  
7,a7 ,9 a f9al judgm5t 7:i* has n be5   
rev]s$ on appeal71 any c\rt ( ! ,unit$  
,/ates has det]m9$ t a d5ial or         
abridgem5t ( ! "r ( any citiz5 ( !      
,unit$ ,/ates to vote on acc\nt ( race1 
color1 or memb]%ip 9 a language m9ority 
gr\p1 9 violation ( ! #ad? or #ae?      
,am5dm5t1 occurr$ any:]e )9 ! ,/ate or  
subdivision4  7,b7 ,9 a f9al judgm5t    

7:i* has n be5 rev]s$ on appeal71 any   
c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates has det]m9$ t a  
vot+ qualification or pr]equisite to    
vot+ or /&>d1 practice1 or proc$ure )   
respect to vot+ 0 impos$ or appli$ or   
w\ld h be5 impos$ or appli$ any:]e )9 ! 
,/ate or subdivision 9 a mann] t result$
 or w\ld h result$ 9 a d5ial or         
abridgem5t ( ! "r ( any citiz5 ( !      
,unit$ ,/ates to vote on acc\nt ( race  
or color1 or 9 contrav5tion ( !         
gu>antees set =? 9 subsection 7f77#b71 9
 violation ( section #b4  7,c7 ,9 a f9al
 judgm5t 7:i* has n be5 rev]s$ on       
appeal71 any c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates has 
d5i$ ! reque/ ( ! ,/ate or subdivision =
 a decl>atory judgm5t "u section #c7;c7 
or section #e1 & !reby prev5t$ a vot+   
qualification or pr]equisite to vot+ or 
/&>d1 practice1 or proc$ure ) respect to
 vot+ f be+ en=c$ any:]e )9 ! ,/ate or  
subdivision4  7,d7 ,! ,attorney ,g5]al  
has int]pos$ an objection "u section    
#c7;c7 or section #e 7& ! objection has 
n be5 ov]turn$ by a f9al judgm5t ( a    

c\rt or )drawn by ! ,attorney ,g5]al71 &
 !reby prev5t$ a vot+ qualification or  
pr]equisite to vot+ or /&>d1 practice1  
or proc$ure ) respect to vot+ f be+     
en=c$ any:]e )9 ! ,/ate or subdivision1 
o!r ?an an objection :i* is bas$ on a   
vot+ qualification or proc$ure :i*      
consi/s ( ! imposition ( a requirem5t t 
an individual provide a photo           
id5tification z a condition ( receiv+ a 
ballot = vot+ 9 an election = ,f$]al1   
,/ate1 or local (fice4  7#d7            
,det]m9ation ( p]si/5t1 extremely l[    
m9ority turn\t ,= purposes ( p>agraph   
7#a77;,b77ii71 a political subdivision  
has p]si/5t1 extremely l[ m9ority turn\t
 ) respect to a cal5d> ye> if any ( !   
foll[+ applies3 7,a7 ,) respect to !    
g5]al elections = ! (fice ( ,presid5t   
:i* 7 held 9 ! political subdivision    
dur+ ! previ\s #ae cal5d> ye>s-- 7i7 9 !
 majority ( su* elections1 ! m9ority    
turn\t rate 9 ! political subdivision 0 
bel[-- 7,i7 ! m9ority turn\t rate = !   
entire ,nation1  7,,ii7 ! nonm9ority    

turn\t rate = ! entire ,nation1  7,,iii7
 ! m9ority turn\t rate = ! ,/ate 9 :i* !
 political subdivision is locat$1       
7,,iv7 ! nonm9ority turn\t rate = !     
,/ate 9 :i* ! political subdivision is  
locat$1 &  7,v7 ! nonm9ority turn\t rate
 = ! political subdivision2 &  7ii7 !   
av]age m9ority turn\t rate across all   
su* elections 9 ! political subdivision 
0 m ?an #aj p]c5tage po9ts bel[ ! av]age
 nonm9ority turn\t rate = ! entire      
,nation4  7,b7 ,) respect to ! g5]al    
elections = ,f$]al (fice :i* 7 held 9 ! 
political subdivision dur+ ! previ\s #ae
 cal5d> ye>s-- 7i7 9 ! majority ( su*   
elections1 ! m9ority turn\t rate 9 !    
political subdivision 0 bel[-- 7,i7 !   
m9ority turn\t rate = ! ,/ate 9 :i* !   
political subdivision is locat$1  7,,ii7
 ! nonm9ority turn\t rate = ! ,/ate 9   
:i* ! political subdivision is locat$1 &
  7,,iii7 ! nonm9ority turn\t rate = !  
political subdivision2 &  7ii7 ! av]age 
m9ority turn\t rate across all su*      
elections 9 ! political subdivision 0 m 

?an #aj p]c5tage po9ts bel[ ! av]age    
nonm9ority turn\t rate = ! ,/ate 9 :i* !
 political subdivision is locat$4  7#e7 
,tim+ ( det]m9ations  7,a7 ,det]m9ations
 ( vot+ rights violations ,z e>ly z     
practicable dur+ ea* cal5d> ye>1 !      
,attorney ,g5]al %all make !            
det]m9ations requir$ by ?is subsection  
7o!r ?an ! det]m9ations describ$ 9      
subp>agraph 7,b771 includ+ updat+ ! li/ 
( vot+ rights violations attributable to
 ea* ,/ate & political subdivision = !  
previ\s cal5d> ye>4  7,b7 ,det]m9ations 
( turn\t rates ,z e>ly z practicable    
dur+ ea* odd-numb]$ cal5d> ye>1 !       
,attorney ,g5]al1 9 consultation ) !    
heads ( ! relevant (fices ( ! gov]nm5t1 
%all make ! det]m9ations ( turn\t rates 
requir$ by ?is subsection1 includ+ !    
m9ority & nonm9ority turn\t rates = !   
g5]al elections = ,f$]al (fice held 9 ! 
previ\s ye> 9 ea* ,/ate & political     
subdivision 7express$ z p]c5tages ( !   
citiz5 vot+-age population ( ! ,/ate &  
subdivision & det]m9$ us+ sci5tifically 

accept$ /ati/ical me?odologies74  7,c7  
,effective ^u publication 9 ,f$]al      
,regi/] ,a det]m9ation or c]tification (
 ! ,attorney ,g5]al "u ?is section or "u
 section #h or #ac %all be effective ^u 
publication 9 ! ,f$]al ,regi/]4  7#f7   
,o!r def9itions ,9 ?is subsection1 !    
foll[+ def9itions apply3 7,a7 ,! t]m    
g5]al election = ,f$]al (fice means a   
g5]al election held solely or 9 "p = !  
purpose ( elect+ any c&idate = ! (fice (
 ,presid5t1 ,vice ,presid5t1            
,presid5tial elector1 ,s5ator1 ,memb] ( 
! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives1 or ,delegate 
or ,resid5t ,commission] to ! ,congress4
  7,b7 ,! t]m m9ority means p]sons :o   
id5tify !mselves z be+-- 7i7 ( ,hispanic
 or ,lat9o orig92  7ii7 ( a race o!r ?an
 :ite2 or  7iii7 ( #b or m races4  7,c7 
,! t]m 8nonm9ority0 means p]sons :o     
id5tify !mselves z be+-- 7i7 n (        
,hispanic or ,lat9o orig92  7ii7 :ite2 &
  7iii7 n ( any o!r race4  7,d7 ,! t]m  
turn\t rate means1 ) respect to a       
demographic gr\p & an election1 ! am\nt 

7express$ z a p]c5tage7 equal to !      
quoti5t (-- 7i7 ! numb] ( individuals 9 
t gr\p :o are citiz5s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1
 :o are #ah ye>s ( age or old] on ! date
 ( ! election1 & :o ca/ ballots 9 !     
election2 divid$ by  7ii7 ! total numb] 
( individuals 9 t gr\p :o are citiz5s ( 
! ,unit$ ,/ates & :o are #ah ye>s ( age 
or old] on ! date ( ! election4  4  7#b7
 ,con=m+ am5dm5ts ,section #d7;a7 ( su* 
,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #aigc;b7a77 is      
am5d$-- 7,a7 9 p>agraph 7#a7 9 ! fir/   
s5t5ce ( ! matt] prec$+ subp>agraph     
7,a71 by /rik+ any ,/ate ) respect to   
:i* & all t foll[s ?r\gh unless & ins]t+
 any ,/ate to :i* ?is subsection applies
 dur+ a cal5d> ye> pursuant to          
det]m9ations made "u subsection 7b71 or 
9 any political subdivision ( su* ,/ate 
7z su* subdivision exi/$ on ! date su*  
det]m9ations 7 made ) respect to su*    
,/ate71 ?\gh su* det]m9ations 7 n made )
 respect to su* subdivision z a sep>ate 
unit1 or 9 any political subdivision )  
respect to :i* ?is subsection applies   

dur+ a cal5d> ye> pursuant to           
det]m9ations made ) respect to su*      
subdivision z a sep>ate unit "u         
subsection 7b71 unless2  7,b7 9 p>agraph
 7#a7 9 ! matt] prec$+ subp>agraph 7,a71
 by /rik+ ! second s5t5ce2  7,c7 9      
p>agraph 7#a77;,a71 by /rik+ 79 ! case (
 a ,/ate or subdivision seek+ a         
decl>atory judgm5t "u ! second s5t5ce ( 
?is subsection72  7,d7 9 p>agraph       
7#a77;,b71 by /rik+ 79 ! case ( a ,/ate 
or subdivision seek+ a decl>atory       
judgm5t "u ! second s5t5ce ( ?is        
subsection72  7,e7 9 p>agraph 7#c71 by  
/rik+ 79 ! case ( a ,/ate or subdivision
 seek+ a decl>atory judgm5t "u ! second 
s5t5ce ( ?is subsection72  7,f7 9       
p>agraph 7#e71 by /rik+ 79 ! case ( a   
,/ate or subdivision :i* s\ght a        
decl>atory judgm5t "u ! second s5t5ce ( 
?is subsection72 &  7,g7 by /rik+       
p>agraphs 7#g7 & 7#h74  7b7             
,cl>ification ( ,treatm5t ( ,memb]s (   
,language ,m9ority ,gr\ps ,section      
#d7;a77#a7 ( su* ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4    

#aigc;b7a77#a77 is am5d$ by /rik+ race  
or color1 & ins]t+ race or color or 9   
contrav5tion ( ! gu>antees ( subsection 
7f77#b714  7c7 ,repeal ( ,ret5tion (    
,jurisdiction ( #c-;,judge ,c\rt        
,section #d7;a77#e7 ( su* ,act 7#db     
,u4,s4,c4 #aigc;b7a77#e77 is am5d$ by   
/rik+ ! second & ?ird s5t5ces4  #d4     
,promot+ transp>5cy to en=ce ! ,vot+    
,rights ,act  7a7 ,transp>5cy  7#a7 ,9  
g5]al ,! ,vot+ ,rights ,act ( #aife 7#db
 ,u4,s4,c4 #aigc et seq47 is am5d$ by   
ins]t+ aft] section #e ! foll[+ new     
section3  #f4 transp>5cy reg>d+ *anges  
to protect vot+ rights  7a7 ,notice (   
,enact$ ,*anges  7#a7 ,notice ( ,*anges 
,if a ,/ate or political subdivision    
makes any *ange 9 any pr]equisite to    
vot+ or /&>d1 practice1 or proc$ure     
affect+ vot+ 9 any election = ,f$]al    
(fice t w result 9 ! pr]equisite1 /&>d1 
practice1 or proc$ure be+ diff]5t f t   
:i* 0 9 effect z ( #ahj days be=e ! date
 ( ! election1 ! ,/ate or political     
subdivision %all provide reasonable     

public notice 9 su* ,/ate or political  
subdivision & on ! ,int]net1 9 a        
reasonably conv5i5t & accessible =mat1 (
 a concise description ( ! *ange1       
includ+ ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! *ang$       
pr]equisite1 /&>d1 practice1 or proc$ure
 & ! pr]equisite1 /&>d1 practice1 or    
proc$ure :i* 0 previ\sly 9 effect4  7#b7
 ,deadl9e = notice ,a ,/ate or political
 subdivision %all provide ! public      
notice requir$ "u p>agraph 7#a7 n lat]  
?an #dh h\rs aft] mak+ ! *ange involv$4 
7b7 ,transp>5cy ,reg>d+ ,poll+ ,place   
,res\rces  7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,9 ord] to     
id5tify any *anges t may impact ! "r to 
vote ( any p]son1 prior to ! #cj? day   
be=e ! date ( an election = ,f$]al      
(fice1 ea* ,/ate or political           
subdivision ) responsibility = allocat+ 
regi/]$ vot]s1 vot+ ma*9es1 & (ficial   
poll work]s to p>ticul> prec9cts & poll+
 places %all provide reasonable public  
notice 9 su* ,/ate or political         
subdivision & on ! ,int]net1 9 a        
reasonably conv5i5t & accessible =mat1 (

 ! in=mation describ$ 9 p>agraph 7#b7 = 
prec9cts & poll+ places )9 su* ,/ate or 
political subdivision4  7#b7 ,in=mation 
describ$ ,! in=mation describ$ 9 ?is    
p>agraph ) respect to a prec9ct or poll+
 place is z foll[s3 7,a7 ,! "n or numb]4
  7,b7 ,9 ! case ( a poll+ place1 !     
location1 includ+ ! /reet address4  7,c7
 ,! vot+-age population ( ! area s]v$ by
 ! prec9ct or poll+ place1 brok5 d[n by 
demographic gr\p if su* breakd[n is     
reasonably available to su* ,/ate or    
political subdivision4  7,d7 ,! numb] ( 
regi/]$ vot]s assign$ to ! prec9ct or   
poll+ place1 brok5 d[n by demographic   
gr\p if su* breakd[n is reasonably      
available to su* ,/ate or political     
subdivision4  7,e7 ,! numb] ( vot+      
ma*9es assign$4  7,f7 ,! numb] ( (ficial
 paid poll work]s assign$4  7,g7 ,!     
numb] ( (ficial volunte] poll work]s    
assign$4  7,h7 ,9 ! case ( a poll+      
place1 ! dates & h\rs ( op]ation4  7#c7 
,updates 9 in=mation report$ ,if a ,/ate
 or political subdivision makes any     

*ange 9 any ( ! in=mation describ$ 9    
p>agraph 7#b71 ! ,/ate or political     
subdivision %all provide reasonable     
public notice 9 su* ,/ate or political  
subdivision & on ! ,int]net1 9 a        
reasonably conv5i5t & accessible =mat1 (
 ! *ange 9 ! in=mation n lat] ?an #dh   
h\rs aft] ! *ange occurs or1 if ! *ange 
occurs few] ?an #dh h\rs be=e ! date ( !
 election1 z soon z practicable aft] !  
*ange occurs4  7c7 ,transp>5cy ( ,*anges
 ,relat+ to ,demographics & ,electoral  
,di/ricts  7#a7 ,requir+ public notice (
 *anges ,n lat] ?an #aj days aft] mak+  
any *ange 9 ! con/itu5cy t w p>ticipate 
9 an election = ,f$]al1 ,/ate1 or local 
(fice or ! b\nd>ies ( a vot+ unit or    
electoral di/rict 9 an election =       
,f$]al1 ,/ate1 or local (fice 7includ+  
?r\gh r$i/rict+1 reapportionm5t1 *ang+ f
 at-l>ge elections to di/rict-bas$      
elections1 or *ang+ f di/rict-bas$      
elections to at-l>ge elections71 a ,/ate
 or political subdivision %all provide  
reasonable public notice 9 su* ,/ate or 

political subdivision & on ! ,int]net1 9
 a reasonably conv5i5t & accessible     
=mat1 ( ! demographic & electoral data  
describ$ 9 p>agraph 7#c7 = ea* ( !      
geographic areas describ$ 9 p>agraph    
7#b74  7#b7 ,geographic areas describ$  
,! geographic areas describ$ 9 ?is      
p>agraph are z foll[s3 7,a7 ,! ,/ate z a
 :ole1 if ! *ange applies /atewide1 or !
 political subdivision z a :ole1 if !   
*ange applies across ! entire political 
subdivision4  7,b7 ,if ! *ange includes 
a plan to replace or elim9ate vot+ units
 or electoral di/ricts1 ea* vot+ unit or
 electoral di/rict t w be replac$ or    
elim9at$4  7,c7 ,if ! *ange includes a  
plan to e/abli% new vot+ units or       
electoral di/ricts1 ea* su* new vot+    
unit or electoral di/rict4  7#c7        
,demographic & electoral data ,!        
demographic & electoral data describ$ 9 
?is p>agraph ) respect to a geographic  
area describ$ 9 p>agraph 7#b7 are z     
foll[s3 7,a7 ,! vot+ age population1    
brok5 d[n by demographic gr\p4  7,b7 ,if

 x is reasonably available to ! ,/ate or
 political subdivision involv$1 an      
e/imate ( ! population ( ! area :i*     
consi/s ( citiz5s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates :o  
are #ah ye>s ( age or old]1 brok5 d[n by
 demographic gr\p4  7,c7 ,! numb] (     
regi/]$ vot]s1 brok5 d[n by demographic 
gr\p if su* breakd[n is reasonably      
available to ! ,/ate or political       
subdivision involv$4  7,d7 ,! actual    
numb] ( votes1 or 7if x is n reasonably 
practicable = ! ,/ate or political      
subdivision to asc]ta9 ! actual numb] ( 
votes7 ! e/imat$ numb] ( votes receiv$  
by ea* c&idate 9 ea* /atewide election &
 7if ! *ange applies to only "o         
political subdivision7 9 ea*            
subdivision-wide election held dur+ !   
#e-ye> p]iod :i* ends on ! date ! *ange 
involv$ is made4  7#d7 ,volunt>y        
,compliance by ,small] ,jurisdictions   
,compliance ) ?is subsection %all be    
volunt>y = a political subdivision ( a  
,/ate unless ! subdivision is "o ( !    
foll[+3 7,a7 ,a c\nty or p>i%4  7,b7 ,a 

municipality ) a population great] ?an  
#aj1jjj1 z det]m9$ "u ! mo/ rec5t       
dec5nial c5sus4  7,c7 ,a s*ool di/rict )
 a population great] ?an #aj1jjj1 z     
det]m9$ "u ! mo/ rec5t dec5nial c5sus4  
,= purposes ( ?is p>agraph1 ! t]m s*ool 
di/rict means ! geographic area "u !    
jurisdiction ( a local educational ag5cy
 7z def9$ 9 section #iaja ( ! ,elem5t>y 
& ,second>y ,education ,act ( #aife74   
7d7 ,rules ,reg>d+ ,=mat ( ,in=mation ,!
 ,attorney ,g5]al may issue rules       
specify+ a reasonably conv5i5t &        
accessible =mat t ,/ates & political    
subdivisions %all use to provide public 
notice ( in=mation "u ?is section4  7e7 
,no d5ial ( "r ,to vote ,! "r to vote ( 
any p]son %all n be d5i$ or abridg$     
because ! p]son fail$ to comply ) any   
*ange made by a ,/ate or political      
subdivision if ! ,/ate or political     
subdivision involv$ did n meet !        
applicable requirem5ts ( ?is section )  
respect to ! *ange4  7f7 ,def9itions ,9 
?is section-- 7#a7 ! t]m demographic    

gr\p means ea* gr\p :i* section #b      
protects f ! d5ial or abridgem5t ( ! "r 
to vote on acc\nt ( race or color1 or 9 
contrav5tion ( ! gu>antees set =? 9     
section #d7;f77#b72 &  7#b7 ! t]m       
election means1 ) respect to ,f$]al     
(fice1 any g5]al1 special1 prim>y1 or   
run(f election held solely or 9 "p = !  
purpose ( elect+ any c&idate = ! (fice (
 ,presid5t1 ,vice ,presid5t1            
,presid5tial elector1 ,s5ator1 ,memb] ( 
! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives1 or ,delegate 
or ,resid5t ,commission] to ! ,congress4
  4  7#b7 ,con=m+ am5dm5t ,section      
#c7;a7 ( su* ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4        
#aigc;a7a77 is am5d$ by /rik+ 9         
accordance ) section #f4  7b7 ,effective
 ,date ,! am5dm5t made by subsection    
7a77#a7 %all apply ) respect to *anges  
:i* are made on or aft] ! expiration ( !
 #fj-;day p]iod :i* beg9s on ! date ( ! 
enactm5t ( ?is ,act4  #e4 ,au?ority to  
assign obs]v]s  7a7 ,cl>ification (     
,au?ority 9 ,political ,subdivisions    
,subject to ,precle>ance ,section       

#h7;a77#b77;,b7 ( ! ,vot+ ,rights ,act (
 #aife 7#db ,u4,s4,c4                   
#aigc;f7a77#b77;,b77 is am5d$ to read z 
foll[s3  7,b7 9 ! ,attorney ,g5]al's    
judgm5t1 ! assignm5t ( obs]v]s is       
o!rwise necess>y to en=ce ! gu>antees ( 
! #ad? or #ae? ,am5dm5t or any provision
 ( ?is ,act or any o!r law ( ! ,unit$   
,/ates protect+ ! "r ( citiz5s ( !      
,unit$ ,/ates to vote2  4  7b7          
,assignm5t ( ,obs]v]s ,to ,en=ce        
,bil+ual ,election ,requirem5ts ,section
 #h7;a7 ( su* ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4       
#aigc;f7a77 is am5d$-- 7#a7 by /rik+ or 
at ! end ( p>agraph 7#a72  7#b7 by add+ 
or at ! end ( p>agraph 7#b72 &  7#c7 by 
ins]t+ aft] p>agraph 7#b7 ! foll[+ new  
p>agraph3  7#c7 ! ,attorney ,g5]al      
c]tifies ) respect to a political       
subdivision t-- 7,a7 ! ,attorney ,g5]al 
has receiv$ writt5 m]itori\s compla9ts f
 resid5ts1 elect$ (ficials1 or civic    
p>ticipation organizations t ef=ts to   
violate section #bjc are likely to      
occur1 or  7,b7 9 ! ,attorney ,g5]al's  

judgm5t1 ! assignm5t ( obs]v]s is       
necess>y to en=ce ! gu>antees ( section 
#bjc2  4  #f4 ,injunctive relief  7a7   
,cl>ification ( ,scope & ,p]sons        
,au?oriz$ ,to ,seek ,relief ,section    
#ab7;d7 ( ! ,vot+ ,rights ,act ( #aife  
7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #aigc;j7d77 is am5d$--   
7#a7 by /rik+ section #b1 #c1 #d1 #e1   
#g1 #aj1 #aa1 or subsection 7b7 ( ?is   
section & ins]t+ ! #ad? or #ae?         
,am5dm5t1 ?is ,act1 or any ,f$]al vot+  
rights law t prohibits discrim9ation on 
! basis ( race1 color1 or memb]%ip 9 a  
language m9ority gr\p2 &  7#b7 by /rik+ 
! ,attorney ,g5]al may in/itute = !     
,unit$ ,/ates1 or 9 ! "n ( ! ,unit$     
,/ates1 & ins]t+ ! aggriev$ p]son or 79 
! "n ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates7 ! ,attorney     
,g5]al may in/itute4  7b7 ,gr\nds =     
,grant+ ,relief ,section #ab7;d7 ( su*  
,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #aigc;j7d77 is      
am5d$-- 7#a7 by /rik+ 7d7 ,:5ev] any    
p]son & ins]t+ 7d77#a7 ,:5ev] any p]son2
  7#b7 by /rik+ 7#a7 to p]mit & ins]t+  
7,a7 to p]mit2  7#c7 by /rik+ 7#b7 to   

c\nt & ins]t+ 7,b7 to c\nt2 &  7#d7 by  
add+ at ! end ! foll[+ new p>agraph3    
7#b7 7,a7 ,9 any action = relief        
describ$ 9 ?is subsection1 ! c\rt %all  
grant ! relief if ! c\rt det]m9es t1 on 
balance1 ! h>d%ip impos$ ^u ! def5dant  
by ! issuance ( ! relief w be less ?an !
 h>d%ip :i* w\ld be impos$ ^u ! pla9tiff
 if ! relief 7 n grant$4  7,b7 ,9 mak+  
its det]m9ation "u ?is p>agraph )       
respect to a *ange 9 any vot+           
qualification1 pr]equisite to vot+1 or  
/&>d1 practice1 or proc$ure affect+     
vot+1 ! c\rt %all consid] ! foll[+      
factors 7to ! ext5t applicable to !     
action73 7i7 ,:e!r ! qualification1     
pr]equisite1 /&>d1 practice1 or proc$ure
 9 effect prior to ! *ange 0 adopt$ z a 
rem$y = a ,f$]al c\rt judgm5t1 cons5t   
decree1 or admission reg>d+-- 7,i7      
discrim9ation on ! basis ( race or color
 9 violation ( ! #ad? or #ae? ,am5dm5t2 
7,,ii7 a violation ( ?is ,act2 or       
7,,iii7 vot+ discrim9ation on ! basis ( 
race1 color1 or memb]%ip 9 a language   

m9ority gr\p 9 violation ( any o!r      
,f$]al or ,/ate law4  7ii7 ,:e!r !      
qualification1 pr]equisite1 /&>d1       
practice1 or proc$ure 9 effect prior to 
! *ange s]v$ z a gr\nd = ! dismissal or 
settlem5t ( a claim alleg+-- 7,i7       
discrim9ation on ! basis ( race or color
 9 violation ( ! #ad? or #ae? ,am5dm5t2 
7,,ii7 a violation ( ?is ,act2 or       
7,,iii7 vot+ discrim9ation on ! basis ( 
race1 color1 or memb]%ip 9 a language   
m9ority gr\p 9 violation ( any o!r      
,f$]al or ,/ate law4  7iii7 ,:e!r !     
*ange 0 adopt$ few] ?an #ahj days be=e !
 date ( ! election ) respect to :i* x is
 to take effect4  7iv7 ,:e!r ! def5dant 
has fail$ to provide timely or complete 
notice ( ! adoption ( ! *ange z requir$ 
by applicable ,f$]al or ,/ate law4  4   
#g4 ,o!r te*nical & con=m+ am5dm5ts  7a7
 ,actions ,cov]$ ,"u ,section #c        
,section #c7;c7 ( ! ,vot+ ,rights ,act (
 #aife 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #aigc;a7c77 is    
am5d$-- 7#a7 by /rik+ any proce$+       
in/itut$ by ! ,attorney ,g5]al or an    

aggriev$ p]son "u any /atute to en=ce & 
ins]t+ any action "u any /atute 9 :i* a 
p>ty 7includ+ ! ,attorney ,g5]al7 seeks 
to en=ce2 &  7#b7 by /rik+ at ! "t !    
proce$+ 0 comm5c$ & ins]t+ at ! "t !    
action 0 comm5c$4  7b7 ,cl>ification (  
,treatm5t ( ,memb]s ( ,language ,m9ority
 ,gr\ps ,section #d7;f7 ( su* ,act 7#db 
,u4,s4,c4 #aigc;b7f77 is am5d$-- 7#a7 9 
p>agraph 7#a71 by /rik+ ! second s5t5ce2
 &  7#b7 by /rik+ p>agraphs 7#c7 & 7#d74
  7c7 ,p]iod ,dur+ ,:i* ,*anges 9 ,vot+ 
,practices are ,subject to ,precle>ance 
,"u ,section #e ,section #e ( su* ,act  
7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #aigc;c7 is am5d$-- 7#a7 
9 subsection 7a71 by /rik+ bas$ ^u      
det]m9ations made "u ! fir/ s5t5ce (    
section #d7;b7 are 9 effect & ins]t+ are
 9 effect dur+ a cal5d> ye>2  7#b7 9    
subsection 7a71 by /rik+ ,novemb] #a1   
#aifd & all t foll[s ?r\gh ,novemb] #a1 
#aigb & ins]t+ ! applicable date (      
cov]age2 &  7#c7 by add+ at ! end !     
foll[+ new subsection3  7e7 ,! t]m      
applicable date ( cov]age means1 )      

respect to a ,/ate or political         
subdivision-- 7#a7 ,june #be1 #bjac1 if 
! mo/ rec5t det]m9ation = su* ,/ate or  
subdivision "u section #d7;b7 0 made on 
or be=e ,decemb] #ca1 #bjae2 or  7#b7 ! 
date on :i* ! mo/ rec5t det]m9ation =   
su* ,/ate or subdivision "u section     
#d7;b7 0 made1 if su* det]m9ation 0 made
 aft] ,decemb] #ca1 #bjae4  4