,i  #aac? ,,congress  #a/ ,session  ,h4 
,r4 #cgh  ,,9 ,,! ,,h\se ,,(            
,,repres5tatives  ,janu>y #bc1 #bjac    
,mr4 ,fattah introduc$ ! foll[+ bill2   
:i* 0 ref]r$ to ! ,committee on         
,education & ! ,work=ce  ,a ,,bill  ,to 
provide = adequate & equitable          
educational opportunities = /ud5ts 9    
,/ate public s*ool sy/ems1 & = o!r      
purposes4  #a4 ,%ort title ,?is ,act may
 be cit$ z ! ,/ud5t ,bill ( ,rights4    
#b4 ,table ( cont5ts ,! table ( cont5ts 
= ?is ,act is z foll[s3  ,sec4 #a4 ,%ort
 title4 ,sec4 #b4 ,table ( cont5ts4     
,sec4 #c4 ,f9d+s & purposes4 ,title     
,i--,educational opportunity 9 ,/ate    
public s*ool sy/ems ,subtitle           
,a--,access to educational opportunity  
,sec4 #aaa4 ,adequate & equitable ,/ate 
public s*ool sy/ems4 ,sec4 #aab4 ,/ate  
educational adequacy & equity           
requirem5ts4 ,sec4 #aac4 ,/ate-e/abli%$ 
/&>ds = opportunity to le>n4 ,subtitle  
,b--,/ate acc\ntability ,sec4 #aba4     
,det]m9ation ( educationally adequate & 

inequitable ,/ate public s*ool sy/ems4  
,sec4 #abb4 ,/ate acc\ntability =       
improvem5t ( educational opportunity4   
,sec4 #abc4 ,consequ5ces (              
nonrem$iation4 ,subtitle ,c--,public    
report+ & rem$y ,sec4 #aca4 ,annual     
report by ,secret>y on adequacy & equity
 9 ,/ate public s*ool sy/ems4 ,sec4     
#acb4 ,civil action = en=cem5t4 ,title  
,,ii--,effects ( educational disp>ities 
on economic gr[? & national def5se ,sec4
 #bja4 ,effects on economic gr[? &      
productivity4 ,sec4 #bjb4 ,effects on   
national def5se4 ,title ,,iii--,g5]al   
provisions ,sec4 #cja4 ,def9itions4     
,sec4 #cjb4 ,notice & opportunity =     
he>+4 ,sec4 #cjc4 ,rulemak+4 ,sec4 #cjd4
 ,rule ( con/ruction4  #c4 ,f9d+s &     
purposes  7a7 ,f9d+s ,! ,congress f9ds !
 foll[+3  7#a7 ,a high-quality1 highly  
competitive education = all /ud5ts is   
imp]ative = ! economic gr[? &           
productivity ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 = its   
effective national def5se1 & = a*ievem5t
 ( ! hi/orical aspiration to be "o      

,nation ( equal citiz5s4 ,x is !re=e    
necess>y & prop] to ov]come ! nationwide
 ph5om5on ( educationally inadequate or 
inequitable ,/ate public s*ool sy/ems1 9
 :i* high-quality public s*ools s]ve    
high-income communities & poor-quality  
s*ools s]ve l[-income1 urban1 rural1 &  
m9ority communities4  7#b7 ,!re exi/s 9 
! ,/ates an ev]-wid5+ educational       
opportunity gap = l[-income1 urban1     
rural1 & m9ority /ud5ts *>act]iz$ by !  
foll[+3  7,a7 ,highly diff]5tial        
educational exp5ditures among local     
educational ag5cies )9 ,/ates4  7,b7    
,cont9u+ disp>ities )9 ! ,/ates 9       
/ud5ts' access to ! opportunity to le>n 
indicators describ$ 9 section #aab7;a74 
7,c7 ,radically diff]5tial educational  
a*ievem5t among local educational       
ag5cies )9 ! ,/ates1 z measur$ by !     
foll[+3  7i7 ,a*ievem5t 9 ma!matics1    
read+ or language arts1 & sci5ce on     
,/ate academic a*ievem5t te/s &         
measures1 includ+ ! academic assessm5ts 
describ$ 9 section #aac7;b77#a74  7ii7  

,advanc$ placem5t c\rses (f]$ & tak54   
7iii7 ,s*ola/ic ,aptitude ,te/ 7,,sat7 &
 ,,act ,assessm5t scores4  7iv7 ,drop\t 
rates & graduation rates4  7v7          
,college-go+ & college-completion rates4
  7vi7 ,job placem5t & ret5tion rates & 
indices ( job quality4  7#c7 ,z a       
consequ5ce ( ?is educational opportunity
 gap1 ! quality ( a *ild's education    
dep5ds l>gely ^u :]e ! *ild's family    
lives1 & ! detrim5ts ( l[] quality      
public education are impos$ p>ticul>ly  
on--  7,a7 *ildr5 f l[-income families2 
7,b7 *ildr5 liv+ 9 urban & rural areas2 
&  7,c7 m9ority *ildr54  7#d7 ,s9ce     
#aghe1 ! ,congress ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1   
ex]cis+ ! p[] to admit new ,/ates "u    
article ,,iv1 section #c ( !            
,con/itution 7& previ\sly1 ! ,congress (
 ! ,conf$]ation ( ,/ates "u ! ,articles 
( ,conf$]ation71 has impos$ ^u e ,/ate1 
z a fundam5tal condition ( ! ,/ate's    
admission1 ! foll[+ requirem5ts3  7,a7  
,"o1 & sometimes two1 squ>e-mile lots 9 
e t[n%ip 7 to be grant$ & ''' res]v$ = !

 ma9t5ance & use ( public s*ools4  7,b7 
,s*ools & ! means ( education are to be 
=ev] enc\rag$4  7,c7 ,/ate conv5tions 7 
to provide1 by ord9ances irrevocable )\t
 ! cons5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ! p ( said
 ,/ates ''' t provision ''' be made = ! 
e/abli%m5t & ma9t5ance ( sy/ems ( public
 s*ools :i* %all be op5 to all *ildr5 ( 
said ,/ates4  7,see ,ord9ances ( ,may   
#bj1 #aghe1 & ,july #ac1 #aghg2 ,act (  
,m>* #c1 #ahde1 #bh? ,cong4 #b;d ,sess41
 #e ,/at4 #ghi1 ,*ap4 #gf 7admitt+ ,i[a 
& ,florida72 ,act ( ,febru>y #bb1 #ahhi1
 #ej? ,cong41 #b;d ,sess41 ,*ap4 #ahj   
7admitt+ ,/ates creat$ f ! ,dakota      
,t]ritories72 & ! ,acts ( ,congress     
p]ta9+ to ! admission ( ea* ( ! ,/ates47
  7#e7 ,ov] ! ye>s s9ce ! l&m>k rul+ 9  
,br[n v4 ,bo>d ( ,education1 :5 a       
unanim\s ,unit$ ,/ates ,supreme ,c\rt   
held t ! opportunity ( an education ''' 
1 :]e ! /ate has und]tak5 to provide x1 
is a "r :i* mu/ be made available to all
 on equal t]ms1 c\rts 9 #dd ( ! ,/ates h
 he>d *all5ges to ! e/abli%m5t1         

ma9t5ance1 & op]ation ( educationally   
inadequate or inequitable ,/ate public  
s*ool sy/ems4 7#cdg ,u4,s4 #dhc1 #dic   
7#aied774  7#f7 ,9 #aigj1 ! ,presid5tial
 ,commission on ,s*ool ,f9ance f\nd t   
significant disp>ities 9 ! di/ribution (
 educational res\rces exi/$ among local 
educational ag5cies )9 ,/ates because ! 
,/ates reli$ too significantly on local 
di/rict f9anc+ = educational rev5ues1 & 
t re=ms 9 sy/ems ( s*ool f9anc+ w\ld    
increase ! ,nation's ability to s]ve !  
educational ne$s ( all *ildr54  7#g7 ,9 
#aiii1 ! ,national ,rese>* ,c\ncil ( !  
,national ,academy ( ,sci5ces publi%$ a 
report entitl$ ,mak+ ,money ,matt]1     
,f9anc+ ,am]ica's ,s*ools1 :i* f\nd t ! 
concept ( fund+ adequacy1 :i* moves     
beyond ! m traditional concepts ( f9ance
 equity to focus att5tion on !          
suffici5cy ( fund+ = desir$ educational 
outcomes1 is an important /ep 9 develop+
 a fair & productive educational sy/em4 
7#h7 ,9 #bjja1 ! ,executive ord]        
e/abli%+ ! ,presid5t's ,commission on   

,educational ,res\rce ,equity decl>$1 ,a
 quality education is ess5tial to !     
success ( e *ild 9 ! #ba/ c5tury & to ! 
cont9u$ /r5g? & prosp]ity ( our ,nation4
 ''' ,long-/&+ gaps 9 access to         
educational res\rces exi/1 includ+      
disp>ities bas$ on race & e?nicity4     
7,executive ,ord] #acaij1  #a 7,janu>y  
#ae1 #bjja72 #ff ,f$4 ,reg4 #edbd47     
7#i7 ,accord+ to ! ,secret>y (          
,education1 z /at$ 9 a lett] 7)         
enclosures7 dat$ ,janu>y #ai1 #bjjb1 f !
 ,secret>y to ,/ates--  7,a7 racial &   
e?nic m9orities cont9ue to suff] f lack 
( access to educational res\rces1       
includ+ exp]i5c$ & qualifi$ tea*]s1     
adequate facilities1 & in/ructional     
programs & support1 includ+ te*nology1 z
 well z ''' ! fund+ necess>y to secure  
^! res\rces2 &  7,b7 ^! inadequacies are
 p>ticul>ly acute 9 high-pov]ty s*ools1 
includ+ urban s*ools1 :]e _m /ud5ts (   
color are isolat$ & :]e ! effect ( !    
res\rce gaps may be cumulative4 ,9 o!r  
words1 /ud5ts :o ne$ ! mo/ may (t5      

receive ! lea/1 & ^! /ud5ts (t5 are     
/ud5ts ( color4  7#aj7 ,! ,elem5t>y &   
,second>y ,education ,act ( #aife 7#bj  
,u4,s4,c4 #fcja et seq471 z am5d$ by !  
,no ,*ild ,left ,beh9d ,act ( #bjja     
7,public ,law #ajg-aaj71 provides t--   
7,a7 ,/ates mu/ e/abli% /&>ds &         
assessm5ts 9 ma!matics1 read+ or        
language arts1 & sci5ce2  7,b7 elem5t>y 
s*ools & second>y s*ools mu/ ensure t   
all /ud5ts are pr(ici5t 9 su* subjects  
)9 #ab ye>s aft] ! end ( ! #bjja-bjjb   
s*ool ye>2 &  7,c7 elem5t>y s*ools &    
second>y s*ools w be held acc\ntable = !
 /ud5ts' progress4  7#aa7 ,! /&>ds &    
acc\ntability movem5t w succe$ only if1 
9 addition to /&>ds & acc\ntability1 all
 s*ools h access to ! educational       
res\rces necess>y to enable /ud5ts to   
a*ieve4  7#ab7 ,rais+ /&>ds )\t ensur+  
adequate & equitable access to          
educational res\rces may1 9 fact1       
exac]bate a*ievem5t gaps & set *ildr5 up
 = failure4  7#ac7 ,accord+ to ! ,_w    
,economic ,=um's ,global ,competitiv5ess

 ,report #bjja-bjjb1 ! ,unit$ ,/ates    
ranks la/ among develop$ c\ntries 9 !   
diff]5ce 9 ! quality ( s*ools available 
to ri* & poor *ildr54  7#ad7 ,ea* ,/ate 
,gov]nm5t has ultimate au?ority 9       
det]m9+ e important aspect & priority ( 
! public s*ool sy/em t provides elem5t>y
 & second>y education to *ildr5 9 !     
,/ate1 includ+ :e!r *ildr5 ?r\gh\t !    
,/ate h high access to ! opportunity to 
le>n indicators describ$ 9 section      
#aab7;a74  7#ae7 ,s9ce #aife1 !         
,congress1 9 ex]cis+ its sp5d+ au?ority1
 has provid$ sub/antial ,f$]al f9ancial 
assi/ance to ! ,/ates = ! improvem5t (  
_! public s*ool sy/ems4 ,9 _! exp5diture
 & ov]sight ( ?is assi/ance1 ! ,/ates h 
fail$ sy/ematically to a*ieve ! purpose 
( ! ,congress 9 provid+ ! assi/ance1    
namely ! effective education ( all !    
*ildr5 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4  7#af7        
,because a well-educat$ populace is     
critical to ! ,nation's political &     
economic well-be+ & national security1 !
 ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t has a sub/antial      

int]e/ 9 ensur+ t ,/ates provide a      
high-quality education by ensur+ t all  
*ildr5 h access to ! opportunity to le>n
 indicators describ$ 9 section #aab7;a7 
to enable ! *ildr5 to succe$            
academically & 9 life4  7b7 ,purposes ,!
 purposes ( ?is ,act are ! foll[+3  7#a7
 ,to fur!r ! goals ( ! ,no ,*ild ,left  
,beh9d ,act ( #bjja 7,public ,law       
#ajg-aaj7 & ! ,elem5t>y & ,second>y     
,education ,act ( #aife 7#bj ,u4,s4,c4  
#fcja et seq47 by hold+ ,/ates          
acc\ntable = provid+ all /ud5ts access  
to ! opportunity to le>n indicators     
describ$ 9 section #aab7;a74  7#b7 ,to  
ensure t all /ud5ts 9 public elem5t>y   
s*ools & second>y s*ools receive        
educational opportunities t enable !    
/ud5ts--  7,a7 to acquire ! k & skills  
necess>y = responsible citiz5%ip1       
includ+ ! ability to p>ticipate fully 9 
! political process ?r\gh in=m$         
electoral *oice2  7,b7 to meet *all5g+  
,/ate /ud5t academic a*ievem5t /&>ds2 & 
7,c7 to be able to compete & succe$ 9 a 

global economy4  7#c7 ,to end ! p]vasive
 patt]n ( educationally inadequate or   
inequitable ,/ate public s*ool sy/ems4  
,i ,educational opportunity 9 ,/ate     
public s*ool sy/ems  ,a ,access to      
educational opportunity  #aaa4 ,adequate
 & equitable ,/ate public s*ool sy/ems  
,ea* ,/ate receiv+ ,f$]al f9ancial      
assi/ance = elem5t>y or second>y        
education %all ma9ta9 a public s*ool    
sy/em t meets ! requirem5ts ( section   
#aab & provides all /ud5ts 9 ! ,/ate )--
  7#a7 ! educational res\rces ne$$ to   
succe$ academically & 9 life2 &  7#b7 an
 education t enables ! /ud5ts--  7,a7 to
 acquire ! k & skills necess>y =        
responsible citiz5%ip2  7,b7 to         
p>ticipate fully 9 ! political process  
?r\gh in=m$ electoral *oice2 &  7,c7 to 
be able to compete & succe$ 9 a global  
economy4  #aab4 ,/ate educational       
adequacy & equity requirem5ts  7a7      
,opportunity ,to le>n ,a ,/ate %all     
provide = all public s*ools 9 ! ,/ate   
access1 at levels def9$ by ! ,/ate "u   

section #aac z ideal or adequate1 to ea*
 ( ! foll[+ opportunity to le>n         
indicators3  7#a7 highly effective      
tea*]s2  7#b7 e>ly *ildhood education2  
7#c7 college prep>atory curricula2 &    
7#d7 equitable in/ructional res\rces4   
7b7 ,comp>able educational s]vices ,a   
,/ate %all provide educational s]vices 9
 local educational ag5cies t receive    
funds "u "p ,a ( title ,i ( ! ,elem5t>y 
& ,second>y ,education ,act ( #aife 7#bj
 ,u4,s4,c4 #fcaa et seq47 t are1 tak5 z 
a :ole1 at lea/ comp>able to educational
 s]vices provid$ 9 local educational    
ag5cies n receiv+ su* funds4  7c7       
,compliance ) c\rt ord]s ,a ,/ate %all  
comply ) any sub/antive ,f$]al or ,/ate 
c\rt ord] 9 any matt] conc]n+ ! adequacy
 or equity ( ! ,/ate's public s*ool     
sy/em1 to ! ext5t requir$ 9 ! ord]4     
#aac4 ,/ate-e/abli%$ /&>ds = opportunity
 to le>n  7a7 ,e/abli%m5t ,9 c>ry+ out  
section #aab7;a71 ea* ,/ate educational 
ag5cy1 9 consultation ) local           
educational ag5cies1 tea*]s1 pr9cipals1 

pupil s]vices p]sonnel1 adm9i/rators1   
o!r /aff1 & p>5ts1 %all develop /&>ds to
 describe & measure ! ext5t to :i* !    
,/ate provides to ! /ud5ts 9 ea* public 
s*ool & local educational ag5cy 9 !     
,/ate ea* ( ! opportunity to le>n       
indicators describ$ 9 section #aab7;a7 9
 t]ms ( ideal1 adequate1 & basic levels 
( su* access4  7b7 ,factors =           
consid]ation ,9 def9+ ! levels ( access 
requir$ "u subsection 7a71 ! ,/ate %all 
consid]1 9 addition to ! factors        
describ$ 9 section #aab7;a7--  7#a7 !   
access available to /ud5ts 9 s*ools 9 ! 
highe/ a*iev+ decile ( public elem5t>y  
s*ools & second>y s*ools 9 ! ,/ate1 z   
det]m9$ on ! basis ( /ud5t p]=mance on  
/atewide /ud5t academic assessm5ts1     
includ+--  7,a7 /ud5t academic          
assessm5ts 9 read+ or language arts1    
ma!matics1 & sci5ce "u section          
#aaaa7;b77#c7 ( ! ,elem5t>y & ,second>y 
,education ,act ( #aife 7#bj ,u4,s4,c4  
#fcaa7;b77#c772  7,b7 national /ud5t    
academic assessm5ts ( read+ & ma!matics 

"u ! ,national ,assessm5t ( ,educational
 ,progress c>ri$ out "u section #cjc7;a7
 ( ! ,national ,assessm5t ( ,educational
 ,progress ,au?orization ,act 7#bj      
,u4,s4,c4 #ifbb7;a772 &  7,c7 ,/ate     
/ud5t academic assessm5ts ( read+ &     
ma!matics "u ! ,national ,assessm5t (   
,educational ,progress c>ri$ out "u     
section #cjc7;b77#c7 ( ! ,national      
,assessm5t ( ,educational ,progress     
,au?orization ,act 7#bj ,u4,s4,c4       
#ifbb7;b77#c772  7#b7 ! unique ne$s (   
l[-income1 urban & rural1 & m9ority     
/ud5ts2 &  7#c7 o!r educationally       
appropriate factors4  7c7 ,*all5g+ /&>ds
 ,! levels ( access requir$ "u          
subsection 7a7 %all be align$ ) !       
*all5g+ ,/ate academic cont5t &         
a*ievem5t /&>ds1 & ! high-quality       
academic assessm5ts1 requir$ "u !       
,elem5t>y & ,second>y ,education ,act ( 
#aife 7#bj ,u4,s4,c4 #fcja et seq474    
7d7 ,submission to ,secret>y ,a ,/ate   
educational ag5cy %all submit to !      
,secret>y--  7#a7 a description ( ea* ( 

! levels ( access requir$ "u subsection 
7a72  7#b7 a description ( ! level (    
access ( ea* local educational ag5cy1   
elem5t>y s*ool1 & second>y s*ool 9 !    
,/ate to ea* ( ! opportunity to le>n    
indicators describ$ 9 section #aab7;a71 
includ+ id5tification ( any su* s*ools t
 d n provide ideal or adequate levels ( 
access 7z def9$ "u subsection 7a772     
7#c7 an e/imate ( ! additional co/1 if  
any1 ( ensur+ t ! public s*ool sy/em    
meets ! requirem5ts ( section #aab2 &   
7#d7 ! in=mation requir$ "u subp>agraphs
 7,b7 & 7,c7 ( p>agraph 7#a7 & p>agraph 
7#b77;,b7 ( section #aca7;b74  7e7      
,publication & dissem9ation to p>5ts ,! 
,/ate annually %all publi% ! in=mation  
submitt$ "u subsection 7d7 & %all       
dissem9ate ! in=mation to ! public & !  
p>5ts ( *ildr5 att5d+ 7or :o may att5d7 
public s*ools 9 ! ,/ate1 9 an und]/&able
 & uni=m =mat &1 to ! ext5t practicable1
 9 a language t ! p>5ts c und]/&1 ?r\gh 
su* means z ! ,int]net1 ! m$ia1 & public
 ag5cies4  ,b ,/ate acc\ntability  #aba4

 ,det]m9ation ( educationally adequate &
 inequitable ,/ate public s*ool sy/ems  
7a7 ,annual det]m9ation by ,secret>y    
,beg9n+ n lat] ?an ,octob] #a ( ! fir/  
full s*ool ye> aft] ! date ( enactm5t ( 
?is ,act1 ! ,secret>y %all annually     
det]m9e :e!r ea* ,/ate meets ea* ( !    
requirem5ts ( section #aab4  7b7        
,publication by ,secret>y ,! ,secret>y  
%all publi% & make available to ! g5]al 
public 7includ+ by means ( ! ,int]net7 !
 det]m9ations "u subsection 7a74  #abb4 
,/ate acc\ntability = improvem5t (      
educational opportunity  7a7 ,/ate      
rem$iation plan ,a ,/ate det]m9$ "u     
section #aba n to meet ! requirem5ts (  
section #aab %all develop & submit to ! 
,secret>y1 by n lat] ?an #a ye> aft] !  
det]m9ation1 a rem$iation plan 7:i* !   
,/ate may am5d to improve ! plan or to  
take into acc\nt significantly *ang$    
circum/ances71 z foll[s3  7#a7 ,long-t]m
 rem$iation = ,access to opportunity to 
le>n indicators ,if ! ,/ate is det]m9$ n
 to meet ! requirem5ts "u section       

#aab7;a7 7relat+ to access to !         
opportunity to le>n indicators71 ! plan 
%all provide = ! foll[+3  7,a7 ,a       
description ( ! actions ! ,/ate w take  
to meet ! requirem5ts ( section         
#aab7;a71 by n lat] ?an #ab ye>s aft] ! 
end ( ! #bjjc-bjjd s*ool ye>1 to provide
 ideal or adequate access 7z def9$ by ! 
,/ate "u section #aac7 to ! opportunity 
to le>n indicators = ea* public s*ool 9 
! ,/ate4  7,b7 ,a timel9e = improvem5t t
 includes annual int]im goals = increas+
 ! numb] ( public s*ools & local        
educational ag5cies 9 ! ,/ate t h ideal 
or adequate levels ( access 7z def9$ by 
! ,/ate "u section #aac7 to ea* ( !     
opportunity to le>n indicators1 9 ord]  
to a*ieve ! requir$ levels ( access )9 !
 "t describ$ 9 subp>agraph 7,a74  7,c7  
,implem5tation ( a s+le1 /atewide       
acc\ntability sy/em to ensure t ! ,/ate 
a*ieves ! int]im goals describ$ 9       
subp>agraph 7,b74  7#b7 ,two-ye>        
rem$iation = comp>able educational      
s]vices ,if ! ,/ate is det]m9$ n to meet

 ! requirem5ts ( section #aab7;b7       
7relat+ to comp>able educational        
s]vices71 ! plan %all describe ! actions
 ! ,/ate w take to meet ! requirem5ts ( 
su* section by n lat] ?an #b s*ool ye>s 
aft] submission ( ! plan4  7b7          
,disapproval ( plan ,! ,secret>y may    
disapprove a plan 7or am5dm5t7 submitt$ 
"u subsection 7a7 t ! ,secret>y det]m9es
 does n meet ! requirem5ts ( su*        
subsection4  #abc4 ,consequ5ces (       
nonrem$iation  7a7 ,failure ,to meet    
annual int]im access goals ,not)/&+ any 
o!r provision ( law & 9 addition to any 
o!r consequ5ce "u ?is section1 !        
,secret>y %all )hold #b4ge p]c5t ( any  
funds o!rwise available to a ,/ate 7or a
 ,/ate educational ag5cy7 = adm9i/ration
 ( ,f$]al elem5t>y & second>y education 
programs = ea* annual int]im goal       
e/abli%$ "u section #abb7;a77#a77;,b7 = 
a fiscal ye>1 or a prior fiscal ye>1 t !
 ,secret>y det]m9es ! ,/ate fails to    
meet4  7b7 ,cont9u+ failure ,to provide 
comp>able educational s]vices ,not)/&+  

any o!r provision ( law & 9 addition to 
any o!r consequ5ce "u ?is section1 !    
,secret>y %all )hold f a ,/ate det]m9$  
by ! ,secret>y to cont9ue to fail to    
meet ! requirem5ts ( section #aab7;b7   
7relat+ to comp>able educational        
s]vices7 at ! end ( ! second s*ool ye>  
aft] a plan is requir$ to be submitt$ "u
 section #abb1 up to #cca_/c p]c5t (    
funds o!rwise available to ! ,/ate =    
adm9i/ration ( ,f$]al elem5t>y &        
second>y education programs4  7c7       
,noncompliance ) c\rt ord]s ,not)/&+ any
 o!r provision ( law & 9 addition to any
 o!r consequ5ce "u ?is section1 !       
,secret>y %all )hold f a ,/ate det]m9$  
by ! ,secret>y to fail to meet !        
requirem5ts ( section #aab7;c7 7relat+  
to compliance ) c\rt ord]s7 up to       
#cca_/c p]c5t ( funds o!rwise available 
to ! ,/ate = ! adm9i/ration ( ,f$]al    
elem5t>y & second>y education programs4 
7d7 ,disposition ( )held funds ,= ea*   
,/ate f :i* funds are )held "u ?is      
section1 ! ,secret>y %all make a        

det]m9ation :e!r ! ,/ate1 by n lat] ?an 
#a ye> aft] a det]m9ation "u subsection 
7a71 7b71 or 7c71 has correct$ !        
condition lead+ to a )hold+ ( funds &   
%all di/ribute )held funds z foll[s3    
7#a7 ,if ! ,/ate corrects a condition   
lead+ to a )hold+ ( funds1 ! ,secret>y  
%all make ! applicable )held funds      
available to ! ,/ate 7or ,/ate          
educational ag5cy74  7#b7 ,if ! ,/ate   
fails to correct a condition lead+ to a 
)hold+ ( funds1 ! ,secret>y %all        
allocate ! applicable )held funds to    
public s*ools or local educational      
ag5cies affect$ by ! ,/ate's failure to 
make adequate rem$iation1 = ! purpose ( 
enabl+ ! s*ool or local educational     
ag5cy to correct su* condition4  7e7    
,tempor>y waiv] ,! ,secret>y may grant a
 reque/ by a ,/ate = a waiv] ( ! )hold+ 
provisions ( subsections 7a7 ?r\gh 7c7 =
 a total p]iod ( n m ?an #a ye> if--    
7#a7 ! ,secret>y is satisfi$ t          
exceptional circum/ances 7su* z a       
precipit\s decrease 9 ,/ate rev5ues7    

prev5t a ,/ate f comply+ ) ! requirem5ts
 ( section #aab2 &  7#b7 ! ,/ate's      
reque/ describes ! mann] 9 :i* ! ,/ate w
 comply ) ! requirem5ts ( section #aab  
by ! end ( ! waiv] p]iod4  ,c ,public   
report+ & rem$y  #aca4 ,annual report by
 ,secret>y on adequacy & equity 9 ,/ate 
public s*ool sy/ems  7a7 ,annual report 
to ,congress ,n lat] ?an ,octob] #a ( ! 
fir/ full s*ool ye> aft] ! date (       
enactm5t ( ?is ,act1 ! ,secret>y %all   
transmit to ! ,congress a report t      
provides a detail$ analysis ( ! public  
s*ool sy/em ( ea* ,/ate4  7b7 ,cont5ts (
 report ,! analysis "u subsection 7a7   
%all include ! foll[+ in=mation )       
respect to ea* ,/ate's public s*ool     
sy/em3  7#a7 ,basic public s*ool sy/em  
in=mation  7,a7 ,! numb] ( /ud5ts1      
elem5t>y s*ools1 second>y s*ools1 &     
local educational ag5cies 9 ! public    
s*ool sy/em4  7,b7 ,= ea* su* s*ool &   
local educational ag5cy1 ! numb] &      
p]c5tage (--  7i7 *ildr5 c\nt$ "u       
section #aabd7;c7 ( ! ,elem5t>y &       

,second>y ,education ,act ( #aife 7#bj  
,u4,s4,c4 #fccc7;c772 &  7ii7 /ud5ts1   
disaggregat$ by gr\ps describ$ 9 section
 #aaaa7;b77#c77;,c77xiii7 ( ! ,elem5t>y 
& ,second>y ,education ,act ( #aife 7#bj
 ,u4,s4,c4 #fcaa7;b77#c77;,c77xiii774   
7,c7 ,= ea* su* s*ool1 a /atem5t :e!r ! 
s*ool is an urban1 rural1 or mix$ s*ool 
7z def9$ by ! ,commission] = ,education 
,/ati/ics74  7,d7 ,! av]age p]-pupil    
exp5diture 79 actual doll>s & adju/$ =  
co/ & ne$7 = ! ,/ate & = ea* s*ool &    
local educational ag5cy4  7,e7 ,! decile
 rank+ ( ea* local educational ag5cy1 z 
measur$ by a*ievem5t 9 ma!matics1 read+ 
or language arts1 & sci5ce on ! academic
 assessm5ts describ$ 9 subp>agraphs 7,a7
 & 7,c7 ( section #aac7;b77#a74  7#b7   
,success 9 provid+ opportunity to le>n  
indicators  7,a7 ,a description ( !     
ideal1 adequate1 & basic levels ( access
 e/abli%$ by ! ,/ate "u section #aac to 
ea* ( ! opportunity to le>n indicators  
describ$ "u section #aab7;a74  7,b7 ,=  
ea* s*ool & local educational ag5cy1 !  

foll[+ in=mation3  7i7 ,! level ( access
 7z e/abli%$ "u section #aac7 ( ! s*ool 
or local educational ag5cy to ea* ( !   
opportunity to le>n indicators describ$ 
9 section #aab7;a74  7ii7 ,! p]c5tage ( 
/ud5ts pr(ici5t 9 ma!matics1 read+ or   
language arts1 & sci5ce1 z measur$ ?r\gh
 assessm5ts "u section                  
#aaaa7;b77#c77;,c77v7 ( ! ,elem5t>y &   
,second>y ,education ,act ( #aife 7#bj  
,u4,s4,c4 #fcaa7;b77#c77;,c77v774  7iii7
 ,:e!r ! s*ool or local educational     
ag5cy is mak+ adequate ye>ly progress "u
 section #aaaa7;b77#b7 ( ! ,elem5t>y &  
,second>y ,education ,act ( #aife 7#bj  
,u4,s4,c4 #fcaa7;b77#b774  7,c7 ,! numb]
 & names ( ea* s*ool 9 ! ,/ate t does n 
provide ea* ( ! opportunity to le>n     
indicators describ$ 9 section #aab7;a7  
at an ideal or adequate level 7z        
e/abli%$ "u section #aac74  7#c7 ,/ate  
rem$iation actions ,if ! ,/ate is       
det]m9$ "u section #aba n to meet !     
requirem5ts ( section #aab--  7,a7 a    
detail$ description & evaluation (--    

7i7 ! ,/ate's success 9 c>ry+ out any   
rem$iation plan requir$ to be submitt$  
by ! ,/ate "u section #abb2 &  7ii7 any 
o!r actions tak51 or measures propos$ to
 be tak51 by ! ,/ate to meet !          
requirem5ts ( section #aab2 &  7,b7 a   
copy ( any rem$iation plan requir$ to be
 submitt$ by ! ,/ate "u section #abb    
7includ+ any am5dm5ts74  7#d7 ,effects  
on academic a*ievem5t ,an analysis ( !  
effects ( ! av]age p]-pupil exp5diture1 
& ! level ( access 7z provid$ by ! ,/ate
 "u section #aac7 to ea* ( ! opportunity
 to le>n indicators describ$ 9 section  
#aab7;a7 provid$ to /ud5ts 9 ea* s*ool &
 local educational ag5cy on ! outcomes (
 ! academic assessm5ts id5tifi$ 9       
section #aac7;b77#a74  7#e7 ,o!r        
in=mation  7,a7 ,! mo/ rec5t in=mation  
submitt$ by ! ,/ate "u section #aac7;d74
  7,b7 ,= ! ye> cov]$ by ! report1 a    
summ>y ( any *anges 9 ! data requir$ 9  
p>agraphs 7#a7 & 7#b7 = ea* ( ! prec$+  
#c ye>s 7:i* may be bas$ on su* data z  
are available = ! fir/ #c reports "u    

subsection 7a774  7,c7 ,su* o!r         
in=mation z ! ,secret>y consid]s useful 
& appropriate to include4  7c7 ,scope ( 
report ,! report requir$ "u subsection  
7a7 %all cov] ! s*ool ye> end+ 9 !      
cal5d> ye> 9 :i* ! report is requir$ to 
be submitt$4  7d7 ,submission ( data to 
,secret>y ,ea* ,/ate receiv+ ,f$]al     
f9ancial assi/ance = elem5t>y & second>y
 education %all submit to ! ,secret>y1  
at su* "t & 9 su* mann] z ! ,secret>y   
may reasonably require1 su* data z !    
,secret>y deems necess>y to make a      
det]m9ation "u section #aba & to submit 
! report "u ?is section4 ,su* data %all 
include ! in=mation us$ to measure !    
,/ate's success 9 provid+ ! opportunity 
to le>n indicators describ$ 9 section   
#aab7;a74  7e7 ,failure ,to submit data 
,if a ,/ate fails to submit ! data      
requir$ to make a det]m9ation "u section
 #aba--  7#a7 ! ,/ate %all be deem$ to h
 be5 det]m9$ "u su* section n to meet ! 
applicable requirem5ts ( section #aab1  
until ! ,/ate submits ! data & !        

,secret>y is able to make a det]m9ation 
"u su* section bas$ on su* data2 &  7#b7
 ! ,secret>y %all--  7,a7 provide1 to ! 
ext5t practicable1 ! analysis requir$ 9 
subsection 7a7 = ! ,/ate bas$ on ! be/  
data available to ! ,secret>y2 &  7,b7  
update ! analysis1 z necess>y1 aft]     
submission ( ! data by ! ,/ate4  7f7    
,publication ,! ,secret>y %all publi% & 
make available to ! g5]al public        
7includ+ by means ( ! ,int]net7 ! report
 requir$ "u subsection 7a74  #acb4      
,civil action = en=cem5t ,a /ud5t or    
p>5t ( a /ud5t aggriev$ by a violation (
 ?is ,act may br+ a civil action aga9/  
an appropriate (ficial 9 an appropriate 
,unit$ ,/ates di/rict c\rt seek+        
decl>atory & injunctive relief to en=ce 
! requirem5ts ( ?is ,act1 toge!r )      
reasonable attorney fees & ! co/s ( !   
action1 )\t reg>d to ! citiz5%ip ( !    
p>ties or ! am\nt 9 controv]sy4  ,,ii   
,effects ( educational disp>ities on    
economic gr[? & national def5se  #bja4  
,effects on economic gr[? & productivity

  7a7 ,/udy ,! ,commission] = ,education
 ,/ati/ics1 9 consultation ) !          
,secret>ies ( ,comm]ce1 ,labor1 & !     
,treasury1 %all conduct a compreh5sive  
/udy conc]n+ ! effects on economic gr[? 
& productivity ( elim9at+ disp>ities 9  
public s*ool sy/ems t d n meet !        
requirem5ts ( section #aab4 ,su* /udy   
%all include ! foll[+3  7#a7 ,! economic
 co/s to ! ,nation result+ f ! ma9t5ance
 by ,/ates ( public s*ool sy/ems t d n  
meet ! requirem5ts ( section #aab4  7#b7
 ,! economic ga9s to be expect$ f !     
elim9ation ( disp>ities 9 public s*ool  
sy/ems t d n meet ! requirem5ts (       
section #aab4  7b7 ,report to ,congress 
,n lat] ?an #a ye> aft] ! date (        
enactm5t ( ?is ,act1 ! ,commission] =   
,education ,/ati/ics %all submit to !   
,congress a f9al report detail+ !       
results ( ! /udy requir$ "u subsection  
7a74  #bjb4 ,effects on national def5se 
7a7 ,/udy ,! ,commission] = ,education  
,/ati/ics1 9 consultation ) ! ,secret>y 
( ,def5se1 %all conduct a compreh5sive  

/udy conc]n+ ! effects on national      
def5se ( elim9at+ disp>ities 9 public   
s*ool sy/ems t d n meet ! requirem5ts ( 
section #aab4 ,su* /udy %all include !  
foll[+3  7#a7 ,! detrim5ts to national  
def5se result+ f ! ma9t5ance by ,/ates (
 public s*ool sy/ems t d n meet !       
requirem5ts ( section #aab1 includ+ !   
effects ( education deficits aris+ f    
l[-quality s*ools on--  7,a7 k & skills 
necess>y = ! effective function+ ( !    
,arm$ ,=ces2  7,b7 ! co/s to ! ,arm$    
,=ces ( tra9+2 &  7,c7 effici5cy result+
 f ! use ( sophi/icat$ equipm5t &       
in=mation te*nology4  7#b7 ,! ga9s to   
national def5se to be expect$ f !       
elim9ation ( disp>ities 9 public s*ool  
sy/ems t d n meet ! requirem5ts (       
section #aab4  7b7 ,report to ,congress 
,n lat] ?an #a ye> aft] ! date (        
enactm5t ( ?is ,act1 ! ,commission] =   
,education ,/ati/ics %all submit to !   
,congress a f9al report detail+ !       
results ( ! /udy requir$ "u subsection  
7a74  ,,iii ,g5]al provisions  #cja4    

,def9itions ,9 ?is ,act3  7#a7 ,! t]ms  
av]age p]-pupil exp5diture1 core        
academic subjects1 elem5t>y s*ool1      
highly qualifi$1 local educational      
ag5cy1 p>5t1 pupil s]vices1 pupil       
s]vices p]sonnel1 second>y s*ool1 &     
,/ate educational ag5cy ea* h ! mean+s  
giv5 ^? t]ms 9 section #iaja ( !        
,elem5t>y & ,second>y ,education ,act ( 
#aife 7#bj ,u4,s4,c4 #ghja74  7#b7 ,!   
t]m public s*ool sy/em means a ,/ate's  
sy/em ( public elem5t>y & second>y      
education4  7#c7 ,! t]m ,f$]al elem5t>y 
& second>y education programs means     
programs provid+ ,f$]al f9ancial        
assi/ance = elem5t>y or second>y        
education1 o!r ?an programs "u ! foll[+ 
provisions ( law3  7,a7 ,! ,individuals 
) ,disabilities ,education ,act 7#bj    
,u4,s4,c4 #adjj et seq474  7,b7 ,title  
,,iii ( ! ,elem5t>y & ,second>y         
,education ,act ( #aife 7#bj ,u4,s4,c4  
#fhja et seq474  7,c7 ,! ,ri*>d ,b4     
,russell ,national ,s*ool ,lun* ,act    
7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #agea et seq474  7,d7 ,! 

,*ild ,nutrition ,act ( #aiff 7#db      
,u4,s4,c4 #agga et seq474  7#d7 ,! t]m  
,/ate includes ! sev]al ,/ates1 !       
,di/rict ( ,columbia1 ! ,commonweal? (  
,pu]to ,rico1 ! ,commonweal? ( ! ,nor!rn
 ,m>iana ,isl&s1 ,am]ican ,samoa1 ,guam1
 ! ,virg9 ,isl&s1 & any o!r t]ritory or 
possession ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4  #cjb4    
,notice & opportunity = he>+ ,!         
,secret>y may make an adv]se det]m9ation
 "u ?is ,act only aft] notice &         
opportunity = he>+4  #cjc4 ,rulemak+ ,! 
,secret>y may prescribe regulations to  
c>ry out ?is ,act4  #cjd4 ,rule (       
con/ruction ,no?+ 9 ?is ,act may be     
con/ru$ to require a jurisdiction to    
increase prop]ty tax or o!r tax rates or
 to r$i/ribute rev5ues f su* taxes4