,i #aac? ,,congress #a/ ,session ,h4 ,r4 #bihb ,,9 ,,! ,,h\se ,,( ,,repres5tatives ,augu/ #b1 #bjac ,mr4 ,crd5as 7= himself & ,mr4 ,polis7 introduc$ ! foll[+ bill2 :i* 0 ref]r$ to ! ,committee on ,education & ! ,work=ce1 & 9 addition to ! ,committee on ,sci5ce1 ,space1 & ,te*nology1 = a p]iod to be subsequ5tly det]m9$ by ! ,speak]1 9 ea* case = consid]ation ( su* provisions z fall )9 ! jurisdiction ( ! committee conc]n$ ,a ,,bill ,to direct ! ,secret>y ( ,education to aw>d grants to ,/ate educational ag5cies to develop compreh5sive plans to /r5g!n elem5t>y & second>y comput] sci5ce education1 & = o!r purposes4 #a4 ,%ort title ,?is ,act may be cit$ z ! ,comput] ,sci5ce 9 ,,/em ,act ( #bjac4 #b4 ,f9d+s ,! ,congress f9ds ! foll[+3 7#a7 ,comput] sci5ce is trans=m+ indu/ry1 creat+ new fields ( comm]ce1 driv+ innovation 9 all fields ( sci5ce1 & bol/]+ productivity 9 e/abli%$ economic sectors4 7#b7 ,comput] sci5ce und]p9s ! in=mation te*nology sector ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates economy1 :i* is a significant contributor to ! economic output ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 7#c7 ,! ,bureau ( ,labor ,/ati/ics projects t f #bjjh ?r\gh #bjah m ?an #a1ejj1jjj high-wage comput+ jobs w be creat$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates economy1 mak+ high-wage comput+ "o ( ! fa/e/ gr[+ occupational fields4 7#d7 ,! bread? ( indu/ries requir+ comput+ pr(essionals is div]se1 two-?irds ( comput+ jobs are 9 sectors o!r ?an in=mation te*nology1 includ+ manufactur+1 def5se1 heal? c>e1 f9ance1 & gov]nm5t4 7#e7 ,provid+ /ud5ts ) comput] sci5ce education 9 elem5t>y & second>y s*ool is critical = /ud5t success 9 ! #ba/ c5tury & = /r5g!n+ ! work=ce4 7#f7 ,elem5t>y & second>y comput] sci5ce education gives /ud5ts a deep] k ( ! fundam5tals ( comput+1 yield+ critical ?9k+ skills t w s]ve !m ?r\gh\t _! lives 9 num]\s fields4 7#g7 ,comput] sci5ce c\rses 9 elem5t>y & second>y s*ools are fad+ f ! national l&scape at a "t :5 !y are mo/ ne$$4 ,! ,comput] ,sci5ce ,tea*]s ,association 7,,c/a7 has f\nd t introductory second>y s*ool comput] sci5ce c\rses h decreas$ 9 numb] by #ag p]c5t s9ce #bjje & ! numb] ( ,advanc$ ,placem5t 7,,ap7 comput] sci5ce c\rses has decreas$ by #cc p]c5t4 7#h7 ,significant disp>ities 9 access to comput] sci5ce education exi/ = m9orities4 ,rese>* 9 ! ,los ,angeles ,unifi$ ,s*ool ,di/rict1 ! second l>ge/ & "o ( ! mo/ div]se s*ool di/ricts 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 f\nd college-prep>atory comput] sci5ce c\rses 7 commonly miss+ 9 s*ools ) high numb]s ( ,lat9o & ,african-,am]ican /ud5ts4 7#i7 ,only #ad ,/ates all[ comput] sci5ce c\rses to c\nt t[>d a /ud5t's second>y s*ool graduation requirem5ts1 *ill+ /ud5t int]e/ 9 comput] sci5ce c\rses4 7#aj7 ,! ,,c/a has f\nd t _m ,/ates d n h a c]tification or lic5sure process = comput] sci5ce tea*]s1 & :]e c]tification processes d exi/1 su* processes (t5 h no connection to comput] sci5ce cont5t4 7#aa7 ,comput] sci5ce education has be5 encumb]$ by confusion reg>d+ ! relat$ b di/9ct concepts ( comput] sci5ce education1 te*nology education1 & ! use ( te*nology 9 education4 7#ab7 ,comput] sci5ce education c\rses h (t5 be5 plac$ )9 ! vocational education pa?ways 9 s*ools1 creat+ a focus on appli$ in=mation te*nology skills r ?an a focus on develop+ core comput] sci5ce k4 7#ac7 ,) ! gr[+ importance ( comput+ 9 society1 ! ne$ = /ud5ts to und]/& ! fundam5tals ( comput+1 & ! significant *all5ges comput] sci5ce education faces 9 elem5t>y & second>y education1 broad support = comput] sci5ce education is ne$$ to catalyze re=m4 #c4 ,am5dm5t to ! ,am]ica ,,competes ,reau?orization ,act ( #bjaj ,section #b7b7 ( ! ,am]ica ,,competes ,reau?orization ,act ( #bjaj 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #ffba note7 is am5d$ by ins]t+ 1 & comput] sci5ce aft] & ma!matics4 #d4 ,/ate compreh5sive plann+ grants 7a7 ,program au?oriz$ ,! ,secret>y ( ,education %all aw>d grants to ,/ate educational ag5cies to develop compreh5sive plans to /r5g!n elem5t>y & second>y comput] sci5ce education 9 accordance ) ?is section4 7b7 ,objectives ,a compreh5sive plan develop$ "u ?is section %all outl9e /rategies = a*iev+ ! foll[+ objectives3 7#a7 ,provide an engag+ & rigor\s comput] sci5ce education int5d$ to ensure /ud5ts are prep>$ = ! #ba/ c5tury4 7#b7 ,assess ! ,/ate's ne$s = comput] sci5ce education1 p>ticul>ly = und]repres5t$ populations4 7#c7 ,ensure access to comput] sci5ce c\rses1 p>ticul>ly at l[-p]=m+ s*ools & = l[-income /ud5ts & /ud5ts und]repres5t$ 9 comput+4 7#d7 ,ensure t /ud5ts are expos$ to grade-appropriate comput] sci5ce concepts 9 k9d]g>t5 ?r\gh grade #ab & t comput] sci5ce c\rses at ! second>y level are view$ z "p ( ! core curriculum /ud5ts ne$ to be ready = po/second>y education & c>e]s4 7#e7 ,ensure t tea*]s h ! appropriate backgr\nd1 skills1 & access to res\rces to tea* comput] sci5ce4 7c7 ,cont5ts ( compreh5sive plans ,a ,/ate educational ag5cy t receives a grant "u subsection 7a7 %all develop a compreh5sive plan t meets ! objectives describ$ 9 subsection 7b7 & includes ! foll[+3 7#a7 ,an assessm5t ( elem5t>y & second>y comput] sci5ce education 9 su* ,/ate4 7#b7 ,proposals to improve elem5t>y & second>y comput] sci5ce education 9 su* ,/ate ?r\gh ! developm5t & implem5tation (-- 7,a7 *all5g+ & grade-appropriate academic cont5t /&>ds = comput] sci5ce at elem5t>y & second>y education levels2 7,b7 grade-appropriate assessm5ts ( comput] sci5ce le>n+2 7,c7 programs to increase access to comput] sci5ce c\rses = /ud5ts at l[-p]=m+ s*ools & /ud5ts und]repres5t$ 9 comput+2 7,d7 improv$ comput] sci5ce tea*] c]tification or lic5sure requirem5ts & processes2 7,e7 pr(essional developm5t programs = comput] sci5ce tea*]s2 & 7,f7 programs = ensur+ t comput] sci5ce c\rses at ! second>y level are consid]$ an integral "p ( ! curriculum /ud5ts ne$ to be well prep>$ = high] education & employm5t4 7d7 ,consultation ,9 develop+ a compreh5sive plan "u ?is section1 a ,/ate educational ag5cy %all collaborate ) repres5tatives ( in/itutions ( high] education1 ) o!r int]e/$ p>ties1 &1 :]e !y exi/ 9 su* ,/ate1 ) ,/ate ,p-#af or ,p-#bj c\ncils4 7e7 ,duration ( grants ,! ,secret>y %all aw>d ea* grant "u subsection 7a7 = a p]iod ( #b ye>s4 7f7 ,fund+ /ructure 7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,! ,secret>y %all aw>d grants "u subsection 7a7 proportionally among ! ,/ate educational ag5cies t apply = grant fund+ "u ?is section bas$ on ! numb] ( l[-income *ildr5 s]v$ by ! ,/ate educational ag5cy comp>$ to ! total numb] ( l[-income *ildr5 s]v$ by all ( ! ,/ate educational ag5cies t apply = grant fund+ "u ?is section4 7#b7 ,c\nt+ l[-income *ildr5 7,a7 ,categories ( *ildr5 ,! numb] ( l[-income *ildr5 to be c\nt$ = purposes ( ?is section is ! aggregate (-- 7i7 ! numb] ( *ildr5 ag$ #e to #ag1 inclusive1 9 ! ,/ate f families bel[ ! pov]ty level1 z det]m9$ by ! ,secret>y on ! basis ( ! mo/ rec5t satisfactory data2 7ii7 ! numb] ( *ildr5 7det]m9$ = ei!r ! prec$+ ye> or = ! second prec$+ ye>1 z ! ,secret>y f9ds appropriate7 ag$ #e to #ag1 inclusive1 9 ! ,/ate 9 in/itutions = neglect$ & del9qu5t *ildr5 7o!r ?an su* in/itutions op]at$ by ! ,unit$ ,/ates72 & 7iii7 ! numb] ( *ildr5 ag$ #e to #ag1 inclusive1 9 ! ,/ate f families above ! pov]ty level z det]m9$ "u p>agraph 7#d77;,a7 ( section #aabd7;c7 ( ! ,elem5t>y & ,second>y ,education ,act ( #aife 7#bj ,u4,s4,c4 #fccc7;c77#d774 7,b7 ,me?odology ,9 mak+ computations "u subp>agraph 7,a71 ! ,secret>y %all use ! me?odology describ$ 9 p>agraphs 7#c7 ?r\gh 7#e7 ( section #aabd7;c7 ( ! ,elem5t>y & ,second>y ,education ,act ( #aife 7#bj ,u4,s4,c4 #fccc7;c774 7#c7 ,m9imum grant ,not)/&+ p>agraph 7#a71 ea* ,/ate educational ag5cy approv$ by ! ,secret>y to receive a grant "u ?is section %all receive a m9imum grant ( #bej1jjj4 7g7 ,au?orization ( appropriations ,!re is au?oriz$ to be appropriat$ su* sums z necess>y1 subject to ! availability ( appropriations1 to c>ry out ?is section4 #e4 ,implem5tation grants 7a7 ,program au?oriz$ ,! ,secret>y %all aw>d grants to ,/ate educational ag5cies 9 accordance ) ?is section to implem5t comput] sci5ce education improvem5ts propos$ 9 compreh5sive plans t meet ! requirem5ts ( subsections 7b7 & 7c7 ( section #d4 7b7 ,b5*m>ks ,ea* ,/ate educational ag5cy apply+ = a grant "u ?is section %all-- 7#a7 develop quantifiable b5*m>ks = ! activities support$ "u su* grant1 :i* may include b5*m>ks = increas+-- 7,a7 /ud5t k & compet5cy ( grade-appropriate comput] sci5ce concepts2 7,b7 ! numb] ( /ud5ts t take comput] sci5ce c\rses2 7,c7 ! div]sity ( /ud5ts :o take comput] sci5ce c\rses2 7,d7 ! numb] ( /ud5ts :o plan to pursue po/second>y comput] sci5ce degrees2 7,e7 ! div]sity ( /ud5ts :o plan to pursue po/second>y comput] sci5ce degrees2 & 7,f7 ! numb] ( tea*]s :o are c]tifi$ to tea* comput] sci5ce2 & 7#b7 submit su* quantifiable b5*m>ks to ! ,secret>y = approval4 7c7 ,activities ,grant funds receiv$ "u ?is section %all be us$ by ea* ,/ate educational ag5cy = ! developm5t & implem5tation (-- 7#a7 *all5g+ & grade-appropriate academic cont5t /&>ds = comput] sci5ce2 7#b7 grade-appropriate assessm5ts ( comput] sci5ce le>n+2 7#c7 programs to increase access to comput] sci5ce c\rses = /ud5ts at l[-p]=m+ s*ools & /ud5ts und]repres5t$ 9 comput+2 7#d7 improv$ comput] sci5ce tea*] c]tification requirem5ts & processes2 7#e7 pr(essional developm5t programs = comput] sci5ce tea*]s2 7#f7 programs = ensur+ t comput] sci5ce c\rses at ! second>y level are consid]$ an integral "p ( ! curriculum /ud5ts ne$ to be well prep>$ = high] education & employm5t2 7#g7 effective comput] sci5ce curricula2 7#h7 comput] sci5ce di/ance le>n+ programs2 & 7#i7 su* o!r activities t /r5g!n comput] sci5ce education & t su* ,/ate educational ag5cy consid]s appropriate4 7d7 ,adm9i/rative exp5ses ,a ,/ate educational ag5cy may use n m ?an five p]c5t ( a grant receiv$ "u ?is section = adm9i/rative exp5ses4 7e7 ,p>tn]%ips ,9 p]=m+ ! activities requir$ "u subsection 7c71 ea* ,/ate educational ag5cy %all p>tn] ) in/itutions ( high] education & local educational ag5cies1 & may p>tn] ) nonpr(it organizations1 bus9esses1 & o!r ,/ate educational ag5cies4 7f7 ,non-,f$]al %>e 7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,ea* ,/ate educational ag5cy receiv+ a grant "u ?is section %all provide a non-,f$]al %>e1 9 ca% or 9-k9d1 ( ! fund+ = ! activities describ$ 9 subsection 7c7 ( n less ?an #bj p]c5t ( ! total co/ ( su* activities 9 any fiscal ye>4 7#b7 ,f9ancial h>d%ip waiv] ,! ,secret>y may r$uce or waive ! requirem5t to provide a non-,f$]al %>e "u p>agraph 7#a7 = a ,/ate educational ag5cy if su* ,/ate educational ag5cy demon/rates a ne$ = su* waiv] or r$uction due to extreme f9ancial h>d%ip4 7g7 ,duration ( grants ,! ,secret>y %all aw>d ea* grant "u subsection 7a7 = a p]iod ( five ye>s4 7h7 ,subsequ5t grants ,at ! end ( ! #e-ye> p]iod = a grant1 ! grant recipi5t may apply = an additional grant "u ?is section by submitt+ an updat$ compreh5sive plan t meets ! requirem5ts ( subsections 7b7 & 7c7 ( section #d4 ,9 consid]+ an application = a subsequ5t grant "u ?is section1 ! ,secret>y %all take into consid]ation ! reports fil$ "u subsection 7l74 7i7 ,competitive basis2 priority ,! ,secret>y %all-- 7#a7 aw>d grants = a fiscal ye> on a competitive basis among ,/ate educational ag5cies t meet ! requirem5ts = fund+ "u ?is section2 & 7#b7 give priority to ,/ate educational ag5cy proposals t include an emphasis on s]v+ l[-p]=m+ s*ools & on increas+ p>ticipation 9 comput] sci5ce by /ud5ts und]repres5t$ 9 comput+4 7j7 ,fund+ ,priority ,9 allocat+ grant funds receiv$ "u ?is section1 a ,/ate educational ag5cy %all give priority to proposals t include an emphasis on s]v+ l[-p]=m+ s*ools & on increas+ p>ticipation 9 comput] sci5ce by /ud5ts und]repres5t$ 9 comput+4 7k7 ,supplem5t1 n supplant ,funds made available to c>ry out ?is section %all be us$ to supplem5t1 & n supplant1 o!r ,f$]al & ,/ate funds available to c>ry out ! activities describ$ 9 ?is section4 7l7 ,reports ,ea* ,/ate educational ag5cy receiv+ a grant "u ?is section %all-- 7#a7 measure ! progress ( su* ,/ate educational ag5cy 9 a*iev+ ! b5*m>ks develop$ "u subsection 7b77#a72 7#b7 collect data relat+ to /ud5t-relat$ b5*m>ks develop$ "u subsection 7b77#a7 9 a =m t is disaggregat$ by /ud5t race1 e?nicity1 g5d]1 disability /atus1 migrant /atus1 ,engli% pr(ici5cy /atus1 & l[-income /atus1 except t su* disaggregation %all n be requir$ :5 ! numb] ( /ud5ts 9 a category is insuffici5t to yield /ati/ically reliable results or ! results w\ld reveal p]sonally id5tifiable in=mation ab\t an individual /ud5t2 7#c7 collect su* o!r p]=mance in=mation z ! ,secret>y may reasonably require = ! national evaluation conduct$ "u section #f2 7#d7 submit a report to ! ,secret>y address+ ea* item 9 p>agraphs 7#a7 ?r\gh 7#c7 n lat] ?an f\r ye>s aft] ! date on :i* ! ,/ate educational ag5cy receives an initial grant "u ?is section2 & 7#e7 n lat] ?an two ye>s aft] ! date ( ! submission ( ! report requir$ "u p>agraph 7#d71 & bi5nially !reaft] until ! ,/ate educational ag5cy no long] receives grant fund+ "u ?is section1 submit to ! ,secret>y an update ( su* report4 7m7 ,guidance ,! ,secret>y %all provide guidance to ,/ate educational ag5cies reg>d+ acceptable data s\rces & me?odologies =-- 7#a7 e/abli%+ p]=mance b5*m>ks2 & 7#b7 measur+ progress by ,/ate educational ag5cies receiv+ grants "u ?is section4 #f4 ,national evaluation 7a7 ,9 g5]al ,n e>li] ?an #d ye>s aft] ! date ( ! enactm5t ( ?is ,act1 ! ,secret>y %all contract ) an indep5d5t organization = a compreh5sive1 sci5tifically valid1 & quantitative evaluation ( ! p]=mance & effectiv5ess ( ! activities fund$ by grants receiv$ "u ?is ,act 9 improv+ ! availability & quality ( comput] sci5ce education1 ! ov]all p>ticipation rate ( /ud5ts 9 comput] sci5ce c\rses1 & ! p>ticipation rate ( /ud5ts und]repres5t$ 9 comput+ 9 comput] sci5ce c\rses4 7b7 ,report+ requirem5ts 7#a7 ,initial report ,n lat] ?an #e ye>s aft] ! date ( ! enactm5t ( ?is ,act1 ! ,secret>y %all submit to ,congress a report on ! results ( ! evaluation describ$ 9 subsection 7a74 7#b7 ,report updates ,n lat] ?an #b ye>s aft] ! date on :i* ! ,secret>y submits ! report requir$ "u p>agraph 7#a71 & bi5nially !reaft]1 ! ,secret>y %all submit to ,congress an update ( su* report4 #g4 ,exp&+ tea*] prep>ation programs = comput] sci5ce tea*]s 7a7 ,subp>t head+ ,"p ,b ( title ,,ii ( ! ,elem5t>y & ,second>y ,education ,act ( #aife 7#bj ,u4,s4,c4 #fffa et seq47 is am5d$ by ins]t+ at ! end ! foll[+3 #b ,model ,tea*] ,prep>ation ,program 4 7b7 ,comput] sci5ce model tea*] prep>ation program ,ins]t aft] ! subp>t #b head+ ! foll[+3 #bbaa4 ,comput] sci5ce model tea*] prep>ation program 7a7 ,e/abli%m5t ,! ,secret>y is au?oriz$ to aw>d grants to in/itutions ( high] education to improve tra9+ = elem5t>y s*ool & second>y s*ool comput] sci5ce tea*]s4 7b7 ,eligibility ,! ,secret>y %all aw>d a grant "u ?is section to an in/itution ( high] education t-- 7#a7 has1 at m9imum-- 7,a7 a program 9 tea*] education2 & 7,b7 a program 9 comput] sci5ce or in=matics2 & 7#b7 submits an application at su* "t1 9 su* =m1 & conta9+ su* in=mation & assurances z ! ,secret>y may require4 7c7 ,use ( funds ,an in/itution ( high] education t receives a grant "u ! section %all use ! grant funds to c>ry out n less ?an "o ( ! foll[+ activities3 7#a7 ,develop c\rses = und]graduate /ud5ts t-- 7,a7 prep>e su* /ud5ts to tea* comput] sci5ce 9 elem5t>y s*ools & second>y s*ools2 7,b7 address cont5t & p$agogy 9 in=matics or comput] sci5ce education2 & 7,c7 engage ! tea*] education dep>tm5t & o!r relevant dep>tm5ts at ! in/itution ( high] education4 7#b7 ,develop & fund tea*] m5tor+ programs to support elem5t>y s*ool & second>y s*ool comput] sci5ce tea*]s :o are new to ! pr(ession4 7d7 ,duration ( grants ,ea* grant aw>d$ by ! ,secret>y "u ?is section %all be = a p]iod ( #e ye>s4 7e7 ,report ,n lat] ?an #ahj days aft] ! conclusion ( ! grant p]iod describ$ "u subsection 7d71 an in/itution ( high] education t receives a grant "u ?is section %all submit to ! ,secret>y & ,congress a report t-- 7#a7 id5tifies ! numb] ( tea*]s s]v$ "u ! grant2 7#b7 id5tifies ! numb] ( tea*]s describ$ 9 p>agraph 7#a7 :o obta9 a tea*+ position 9 a comput] sci5ce classroom2 & 7#c7 evaluates ! activities c>ri$ out "u ?is section4 4 7c7 ,te*nical am5dm5t ,! table ( cont5ts = su* ,act is am5d$ by ins]t+ be=e ! item relat+ to "p ,c ( title ,,ii ! foll[+3 ,subp>t #b--,model tea*] prep>ation program ,sec4 #bbaa4 ,comput] sci5ce model tea*] prep>ation program4 4 #h4 ,comput] sci5ce 9 ! ,rob]t ,noyce tea*] s*ol>%ip program ,section #aj ( ! ,national ,sci5ce ,f\ndation ,au?orization ,act ( #bjjb 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #ahfbn-#a7 is am5d$-- 7#a7 by /rik+ & ma!matics & ins]t+ ma!matics1 in=matics1 & comput] sci5ce 9 ea* place x appe>s2 7#b7 9 subsection 7a77#c77;,b71 by /rik+ or ma!matics & ins]t+ ma!matics1 in=matics1 & comput] sci5ce2 7#c7 9 subsections 7b77#a77;,d77i71 7c77#a77;,a71 7d77#a71 & 7i77#g7 by /rik+ or ma!matics 9 ea* place x appe>s & ins]t+ ma!matics1 in=matics1 or comput] sci5ce2 & 7#d7 9 subsection 7i77#e71 by /rik+ or ma!matics & ins]t+ ma!matics1 or comput] sci5ce4 #i4 ,def9itions ,9 ?is ,act3 7#a7 ,comput] sci5ce ,! t]m comput] sci5ce means ! /udy ( comput]s & algori?mic processes & includes ! /udy ( comput+ pr9ciples1 comput] h>dw>e & s(tw>e design1 comput] applications1 & ! impact ( comput]s on society4 7#b7 ,comput] sci5ce education ,! t]m comput] sci5ce education includes comput+ education 9 any ( ! foll[+3 7,a7 ,s(tw>e design4 7,b7 ,h>dw>e design4 7,c7 ,creation ( digital artifacts4 7,d7 ,ab/raction4 7,e7 ,logic4 7,f7 ,algori?m developm5t & implem5tation4 7,g7 ,programm+ p>adigms & languages4 7,h7 ,!oretical f\ndations4 7,i7 ,networks4 7,j7 ,graphics4 7,k7 ,databases & in=mation retrieval4 7,l7 ,in=mation security & privacy4 7,m7 ,artificial intellig5ce4 7,n7 ,! relation%ip betwe5 comput+ & ma!matics4 7,o7 ,! limits ( computation4 7,p7 ,applications 9 in=mation te*nology & in=mation sy/ems4 7,q7 ,! social impacts ( comput+4 7#c7 ,in/itution ( high] education ,! t]m in/itution ( high] education has ! mean+ giv5 t t]m 9 section #aja7;a7 ( ! ,high] ,education ,act ( #aife 7#bj ,u4,s4,c4 #ajja7;a774 7#d7 ,local educational ag5cy ,! t]m local educational ag5cy-- 7,a7 subject to subp>agraph 7,b71 has ! mean+ giv5 t t]m 9 section #iaja7bf7 ( ! ,elem5t>y & ,second>y ,education ,act ( #aife 7#bj ,u4,s4,c4 #ghja7bf772 & 7,b7 includes any *>t] s*ool 7z def9$ 9 section #ebaj7a7 ( ! ,elem5t>y & ,second>y ,education ,act ( #aife 7#bj ,u4,s4,c4 #gbba;i7#a777 t con/itutes a local educational ag5cy "u ,/ate law4 7#e7 ,secret>y ,! t]m ,secret>y means ! ,secret>y ( ,education4 7#f7 ,/ate educational ag5cy ,! t]m ,/ate educational ag5cy has ! mean+ giv5 t t]m 9 section #iaja7da7 ( ! ,elem5t>y & ,second>y ,education ,act ( #aife 7#bj ,u4,s4,c4 #ghja7da774 7#g7 ,/ud5ts und]repres5t$ 9 comput+ ,! t]m /ud5ts und]repres5t$ 9 comput+-- 7,a7 means populations hi/orically und]repres5t$ 9 comput] sci5ce discipl9es2 & 7,b7 includes females1 racial m9orities1 & l[-income /ud5ts4