,i  #aac? ,,congress  #a/ ,session  ,h4 
,r4 #bigh  ,,9 ,,! ,,h\se ,,(           
,,repres5tatives  ,augu/ #b1 #bjac ,mr4 
,l[5?al introduc$ ! foll[+ bill2 :i* 0  
ref]r$ to ! ,committee on ! ,judici>y   
,a ,,bill  ,to require ,/ates to conduct
 ,congressional r$i/rict+ ?r\gh         
indep5d5t commissions1 & = o!r purposes4
  #a4 ,%ort title2 f9d+ ( con/itutional 
au?ority  7a7 ,%ort title ,?is ,act may 
be cit$ z ! ,let ! ,p ,draw ! ,l9es ,act
 ( #bjac4  7b7 ,f9d+ ,congress f9ds t x 
has ! au?ority to e/abli% ! t]ms &      
conditions ,/ates mu/ foll[ 9 c>ry+ out 
,congressional r$i/rict+ aft] an        
apportionm5t ( ,memb]s ( ! ,h\se (      
,repres5tatives because--  7#a7 !       
au?ority grant$ to ,congress "u article 
,i1 section #d ( ! ,con/itution ( !     
,unit$ ,/ates gives ,congress ! p[] to  
enact laws gov]n+ ! "t1 place1 & mann] (
 elections = ,memb]s ( ! ,h\se (        
,repres5tatives2 &  7#b7 ! au?ority     
grant$ to ,congress "u section #e ( !   
f\rte5? am5dm5t to ! ,con/itution gives 

,congress ! p[] to enact laws to en=ce  
section #b ( su* am5dm5t1 :i* requires  
,repres5tatives to be apportion$ among !
 sev]al ,/ates accord+ to _! numb]4  #b4
 ,limit on congressional r$i/rict+ aft] 
an apportionm5t ,! ,act entitl$ ,an ,act
 = ! relief ( ,doctor ,ric>do ,vallejo  
,samala & to provide = congressional    
r$i/rict+1 approv$ ,decemb] #ad1 #aifg  
7#b ,u4,s4,c4 #b;c71 is am5d$ by add+ at
 ! end ! foll[+3 ,a ,/ate :i* has be5   
r$i/rict$ 9 ! mann] provid$ by law aft] 
an apportionm5t "u section #bb7;a7 ( !  
,act entitl$ ,an ,act to provide = !    
fifte5? & subsequ5t dec5nial c5suses &  
to provide = an apportionm5t (          
,repres5tatives 9 ,congress1 approv$    
,june #ah1 #aibi 7#b ,u4,s4,c4 #b;a71   
may n be r$i/rict$ aga9 until aft] !    
next apportionm5t ( ,repres5tatives "u  
su* section1 unless a c\rt requires !   
,/ate to conduct su* subsequ5t r$i/rict+
 to comply ) ! ,con/itution or to en=ce 
! ,vot+ ,rights ,act ( #aife 7#db       
,u4,s4,c4 #aigc et seq4744  #c4 ,requir+

 congressional r$i/rict+ to be conduct$ 
?r\gh plan ( indep5d5t ,/ate commission 
7a7 ,use ( plan requir$  7#a7 ,9 g5]al  
,not)/&+ any o!r provision ( law1 any   
,congressional r$i/rict+ conduct$ by a  
,/ate %all be conduct$ 9 accordance )-- 
7,a7 ! r$i/rict+ plan develop$ & enact$ 
into law by ! indep5d5t r$i/rict+       
commission e/abli%$ 9 ! ,/ate1 9        
accordance ) section #e2 or  7,b7 if a  
plan develop$ by su* commission is n    
enact$ into law1 ! r$i/rict+ plan       
select$ by ! highe/ c\rt 9 ! ,/ate or   
develop$ by a ,unit$ ,/ates di/rict     
c\rt1 9 accordance ) section #f4  7#b7  
,exception = ,/ates us+ exi/+ nonp>tisan
 indep5d5t commissions  7,a7 ,exception 
,p>agraph 7#a7 does n apply to a ,/ate 9
 :i*1 "u law t is 9 effect cont9u\sly on
 & aft] ! date ( ! enactm5t ( ?is ,act1 
,congressional r$i/rict+ is conduct$ 9  
accordance ) a plan develop$ by a       
nonp>tisan indep5d5t commission4  7,b7  
,nonp>tisan indep5d5t /atus ,= purposes 
( ?is p>agraph1 a commission %all be    

consid]$ to be a nonp>tisan indep5d5t   
commission if ! numb] ( its memb]s :o   
are affiliat$ ) ! political p>ty ) !    
l>ge/ p]c5tage ( ! regi/]$ vot]s 9 !    
,/ate :o are affiliat$ ) a political    
p>ty 7z det]m9$ ) respect to ! mo/ rec5t
 ,/atewide election = ,f$]al (fice held 
9 ! ,/ate = :i* su* in=mation is        
available7 is equal to ! numb] ( its    
memb]s :o are affiliat$ ) ! political   
p>ty ) ! second l>ge/ p]c5tage ( !      
regi/]$ vot]s 9 ! ,/ate :o are affiliat$
 ) a political p>ty 7z s det]m9$74  7b7 
,con=m+ am5dm5t ,section #bb7;c7 ( !    
,act entitl$ ,an ,act to provide = !    
fifte5? & subsequ5t dec5nial c5suses &  
to provide = an apportionm5t (          
,repres5tatives 9 ,congress1 approv$    
,june #ah1 #aibi 7#b ,u4,s4,c4 #b;a7c771
 is am5d$ by /rik+ 9 ! mann] provid$ by 
! law !re( & ins]t+3 9 ! mann] provid$  
by ! ,let ! ,p ,draw ! ,l9es ,act (     
#bjac4  #d4 ,indep5d5t r$i/rict+        
commission  7a7 ,appo9tm5t ( memb]s     
7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,ea* ,/ate %all e/abli% an

 indep5d5t r$i/rict+ commission compos$ 
( #ad memb]s appo9t$ z foll[s3  7,a7 #e 
memb]s f ! f9al majority selection pool 
7z describ$ 9 subp>agraph 7,a7 (        
subsection 7b77#d771 ( :om--  7i7 #b    
%all be appo9t$ by ! lead] ( ! p>ty 9 ! 
upp] h\se ( ! ,/ate legislature ^:      
memb]s are affiliat$ ) ! same political 
p>ty z ! individuals 9 su* pool2  7ii7  
#b %all be appo9t$ by ! lead] ( ! p>ty 9
 ! l[] h\se ( ! ,/ate legislature ^:    
memb]s are affiliat$ ) ! same political 
p>ty z ! individuals 9 su* pool2 &      
7iii7 #a %all be appo9t$ on a r&om basis
 by ! selection panel describ$ 9        
subsection 7b77#a74  7,b7 #e memb]s f ! 
f9al m9ority selection pool 7z describ$ 
9 subp>agraph 7,b7 ( subsection         
7b77#d771 ( :om--  7i7 #b %all be       
appo9t$ by ! lead] ( ! p>ty 9 ! upp]    
h\se ( ! ,/ate legislature ^: memb]s are
 affiliat$ ) ! same political p>ty z !  
individuals 9 su* pool2  7ii7 #b %all be
 appo9t$ by ! lead] ( ! p>ty 9 ! l[]    
h\se ( ! ,/ate legislature ^: memb]s are

 affiliat$ ) ! same political p>ty z !  
individuals 9 su* pool2 &  7iii7 #a %all
 be appo9t$ on a r&om basis by !        
selection panel describ$ 9 subsection   
7b77#a74  7,c7 #d memb]s f ! f9al       
indep5d5t selection pool 7z describ$ 9  
subp>agraph 7,c7 ( subsection 7b77#d771 
ea* ( :om %all be appo9t$ on a r&om     
basis by ! selection panel describ$ 9   
subsection 7b77#a74  7#b7 ,special rule 
= /ates ) unicam]al legislature ,9 !    
case ( a ,/ate ) a unicam]al            
legislature--  7,a7 ! appo9tm5ts ref]r$ 
to 9 clauses 7i7 & 7ii7 ( p>agraph      
7#a77;,a7 %all be made by ! lead] ( !   
p>ty 9 ! legislature ^: memb]s are      
affiliat$ ) ! same political p>ty z !   
individuals 9 ! f9al majority selection 
pool2 &  7,b7 ! appo9tm5ts ref]r$ to 9  
clauses 7i7 & 7ii7 ( p>agraph 7#a77;,b7 
%all be made by ! lead] ( ! p>ty 9 !    
legislature ^: memb]s are affiliat$ ) ! 
same political p>ty z ! individuals 9 ! 
f9al m9ority selection pool4  7b7       
,e/abli%m5t ( ,selection ,pools  7#a7   

,initial pool ( nom9ees  7,a7           
,developm5t ( pool by panel ( retir$    
judges ,n lat] ?an ,janu>y #a ( ea* ye> 
9 :i* a dec5nial c5sus is conduct$1 !   
highe/ c\rt ( ea* ,/ate %all appo9t a   
panel ( retir$ judges ( c\rts ( ! ,/ate 
7h]eaft] ref]r$ to z ! selection panel7 
to develop an initial pool ( individuals
 :o are eligible to s]ve z memb]s ( !   
indep5d5t r$i/rict+ commission ( ! ,/ate
 "u ?is ,act4  7,b7 ,enc\rag+ resid5ts  
to apply = inclusion 9 pool ,! selection
 panel %all take su* /eps z may be      
necess>y to ensure t resid5ts ( ! ,/ate 
across v>i\s geographic regions &       
demographic gr\ps are aw>e ( !          
opportunity to s]ve on ! commission1    
includ+ publiciz+ ! role ( ! panel & us+
 newspap]s1 broadca/ m$ia1 & onl9e      
s\rces to enc\rage individuals to apply 
= inclusion 9 ! initial pool develop$ "u
 ?is p>agraph4  7,c7 ,individuals )9    
pool ,! selection panel %all include an 
individual )9 ! initial pool ( eligible 
individuals "u ?is p>agraph if--  7i7 ! 

individual submits an application to !  
panel = inclusion 9 ! pool1 at su* "t z 
! panel may require2 &  7ii7 !          
individual meets ! crit]ia = eligibility
 "u subsection 7c7 = s]vice z a memb] ( 
! indep5d5t r$i/rict+ commission4  7,d7 
,publication ( names ( applicants &     
reasons = rejection ( inclusion ,n lat] 
?an ! fir/ ,augu/ #aj occurr+ aft] its  
appo9tm5t1 ! selection panel %all make  
public--  7i7 ! "n ( ea* individual :o  
applies to be includ$ 9 ! initial pool  
"u ?is p>agraph2 &  7ii7 9 ! case ( any 
individual :o applies to be includ$ 9 ! 
pool b is n s includ$1 ! reasons = !    
failure ( ! panel to include !          
individual 9 ! pool4  7#b7 ,int]m$iate  
selection pool  7,a7 ,selections f      
initial pool ,n lat] ?an ! fir/ ,octob] 
#a occurr+ aft] its appo9tm5t1 !        
selection panel %all e/abli% & pres5t to
 ! legislature ( ! ,/ate an int]m$iate  
selection pool ( #fj individuals :o are 
eligible to s]ve z memb]s ( ! indep5d5t 
r$i/rict+ commission ( ! ,/ate "u ?is   

,act1 consi/+ ( individuals 9 ! foll[+  
categories3  7i7 ,a majority category1  
consi/+ ( #bj individuals :o are        
affiliat$ ) ! political p>ty ) ! l>ge/  
p]c5tage ( ! regi/]$ vot]s 9 ! ,/ate :o 
are affiliat$ ) a political p>ty 7z     
det]m9$ ) respect to ! mo/ rec5t        
,/atewide election = ,f$]al (fice held 9
 ! ,/ate = :i* su* in=mation is         
available74  7ii7 ,a m9ority category1  
consi/+ ( #bj individuals :o are        
affiliat$ ) ! political p>ty ) ! second 
l>ge/ p]c5tage ( ! regi/]$ vot]s 9 !    
,/ate :o are affiliat$ ) a political    
p>ty 7z s det]m9$74  7iii7 ,an indep5d5t
 category1 consi/+ ( #bj individuals :o 
are n affiliat$ ) ei!r ( ! political    
p>ties describ$ 9 clause 7i7 or clause  
7ii74  7,b7 ,factors tak5 into acc\nt 9 
e/abli%+ pool ,9 select+ individuals = !
 int]m$iate selection pool "u ?is       
p>agraph1 ! selection panel %all take   
into consid]ation ! analytical skills ( 
! individuals select$1 _! ability to "w 
on an imp>tial basis1 & ! ne$ = ! pool  

to reflect ! repres5tative demographic  
gr\ps & geographic regions ( ! ,/ate4   
7,c7 ,det]m9ation ( political p>ty      
affiliation ,= purposes ( ?is section1  
an individual %all be consid]$ to be    
affiliat$ ) a political p>ty if !       
individual has be5 cont9u\sly regi/]$ to
 vote ) ! p>ty dur+ ! #c-ye> p]iod end+ 
on ! date ( ! individual's appo9tm5t4   
7#c7 ,removal ( individuals f int]m$iate
 selection pool by lead]s ( legislature 
7,a7 ,removal ,n lat] ?an ! fir/        
,novemb] #ae occurr+ aft] ! appo9tm5t ( 
! selection panel1 ea* ( ! foll[+       
individuals may r$uce ! numb] (         
individuals 9 ! int]m$iate selection    
pool "u p>agraph 7#b77;,a7 by remov+ n m
 ?an #b individuals f ea* ( ! #c        
categories describ$ 9 su* p>agraph3  7i7
 ,! lead] ( ! p>ty ) ! greate/ numb] (  
seats 9 ! upp] h\se ( ! ,/ate           
legislature4  7ii7 ,! lead] ( ! p>ty ) !
 greate/ numb] ( seats 9 ! l[] h\se ( ! 
,/ate legislature4  7iii7 ,! lead] ( !  
p>ty ) ! second greate/ numb] ( seats 9 

! upp] h\se ( ! ,/ate legislature4  7iv7
 ,! lead] ( ! p>ty ) ! second greate/   
numb] ( seats 9 ! l[] h\se ( ! ,/ate    
legislature4  7,b7 ,special rule = /ates
 ) unicam]al legislature ,9 ! case ( a  
,/ate ) a unicam]al legislature--  7i7 !
 lead] ( ! p>ty ) ! greate/ numb] (     
seats 9 ! legislature may ex]cise !     
removal au?ority describ$ 9 clauses 7i7 
& 7ii7 ( subp>agraph 7,a72 &  7ii7 !    
lead] ( ! p>ty ) ! second greate/ numb] 
( seats 9 ! legislature may ex]cise !   
removal au?ority describ$ 9 clauses     
7iii7 & 7iv7 ( subp>agraph 7,a74  7#d7  
,f9al selection pools ,n lat] ?an ! fir/
 ,novemb] #bj occurr+ aft] ! appo9tm5t (
 ! selection panel1 ! selection panel   
%all e/abli% ! foll[+ f9al selection    
pools ( individuals :o may be appo9t$ to
 s]ve on ! indep5d5t r$i/rict+          
commission "u subsection 7a73  7,a7 ,a  
f9al majority selection pool1 consi/+ ( 
#aj individuals select$ at r&om f !     
majority category "u clause 7i7 (       
p>agraph 7#b77;,a71 z r$uc$ "u p>agraph 

7#c74  7,b7 ,a f9al m9ority selection   
pool1 consi/+ ( #aj individuals select$ 
at r&om f ! m9ority category "u clause  
7ii7 ( p>agraph 7#b77;,a71 z r$uc$ "u   
p>agraph 7#c74  7,c7 ,a f9al indep5d5t  
selection pool1 consi/+ ( #aj           
individuals select$ at r&om f !         
indep5d5t category "u clause 7ii7 (     
p>agraph 7#b77;,a71 z r$uc$ "u p>agraph 
7#c74  7c7 ,crit]ia = ,eligibility  7#a7
 ,9 g5]al ,an individual is eligible to 
s]ve z a memb] ( an indep5d5t r$i/rict+ 
commission if ! individual meets ea* ( !
 foll[+ crit]ia3  7,a7 ,z ( ! date (    
appo9tm5t1 ! individual is regi/]$ to   
vote 9 elections = ,f$]al (fice held 9 !
 ,/ate4  7,b7 ,! individual has vot$ 9  
at lea/ #b ( ! #c mo/ rec5t ,/atewide   
g5]al elections held prior to ! date (  
appo9tm5t4  7,c7 ,dur+ ! #c-ye> p]iod   
end+ on ! date ( ! individual's         
appo9tm5t1 ! individual has be5         
cont9u\sly regi/]$ to vote ) ! same     
political p>ty1 or has n be5 regi/]$ to 
vote ) any political p>ty4  7,d7 ,!     

individual provides ! selection panel ) 
a writt5 /atem5t conta9+ ! foll[+       
assurances3  7i7 ,an assurance t !      
individual %all commit to c>ry+ out !   
individual's duties "u ?is ,act 9 an    
hone/1 indep5d5t1 & imp>tial fa%ion1 &  
to uphold+ public confid5ce 9 !         
integrity ( ! r$i/rict+ process4  7ii7  
,an assurance t1 dur+ ! cov]$ p]iods    
describ$ 9 p>agraph 7#c71 ! individual  
has n tak5 & w n take any action :i*    
w\ld disqualify ! individual f s]v+ z a 
memb] ( ! commission "u su* p>agraph4   
7#b7 ,disqualifications ,an individual  
is n eligible to s]ve z a memb] ( !     
commission if any ( ! foll[+ applies    
dur+ any ( ! cov]$ p]iods describ$ 9    
p>agraph 7#c73  7,a7 ,! individual or 79
 ! case ( ! cov]$ p]iods describ$ 9     
subp>agraphs 7,a7 & 7,b7 ( p>agraph     
7#c77 an imm$iate family memb] ( !      
individual holds public (fice or is a   
c&idate = election = public (fice4  7,b7
 ,! individual or 79 ! case ( ! cov]$   
p]iods describ$ 9 subp>agraphs 7,a7 &   

7,b7 ( p>agraph 7#c77 an imm$iate family
 memb] ( ! individual s]ves z an (fic] (
 a political p>ty or z an (fic]1        
employee1 or paid consultant ( a        
campaign committee ( a c&idate = public 
(fice4  7,c7 ,! individual or 79 ! case 
( ! cov]$ p]iods describ$ 9 subp>agraphs
 7,a7 & 7,b7 ( p>agraph 7#c77 an        
imm$iate family memb] ( ! individual    
holds a position z a regi/]$ lobbyi/ "u 
! ,lobby+ ,disclosure ,act ( #aiie 7#b  
,u4,s4,c4 #afja et seq47 or an equival5t
 ,/ate or local law4  7,d7 ,! individual
 or 79 ! case ( ! cov]$ p]iods describ$ 
9 subp>agraphs 7,a7 & 7,b7 ( p>agraph   
7#c77 an imm$iate family memb] ( !      
individual is an employee ( an elect$   
public (ficial1 a contractor ) !        
legislature ( ! ,/ate1 or a donor to !  
campaign ( any c&idate = public (fice   
7o!r ?an a donor :o gives an aggregate  
am\nt ( less ?an #aj1jjj to ! c&idate ) 
respect to ! election74  7#c7 ,cov]$    
p]iods describ$ ,9 ?is subsection1 ! t]m
 cov]$ p]iod means1 ) respect to !      

appo9tm5t ( an individual to !          
commission1 any ( ! foll[+3  7,a7 ,!    
#c-ye> p]iod end+ on ! date ( !         
individual's appo9tm5t4  7,b7 ,! p]iod 9
 :i* ! commission is c>ry+ out its      
duties4  7,c7 ,! #c-ye> p]iod beg9n+ on 
! date ( ! commission's t]m9ation4  7#d7
 ,imm$iate family memb] def9$ ,9 ?is    
subsection1 ! t]m imm$iate family memb] 
means1 ) respect to an individual1 a    
fa!r1 "m1 son1 daught]1 bro!r1 si/]1    
husb&1 wife1 fa!r-9-law1 or "m-9-law4   
7d7 ,removal2 ,vacancies  7#a7 ,removal 
,aft] hav+ be5 s]v$ writt5 notice &     
provid$ ) an opportunity = a response1 a
 memb] ( ! commission may be remov$ by !
 ,gov]nor1 ) ! concurr5ce ( two-?irds ( 
! upp] h\se ( ! ,/ate legislature 7or1 9
 ! case ( a ,/ate ) a unicam]al         
legislature1 ! legislature71 =          
sub/antial neglect ( duty1 gross        
misconduct 9 (fice1 or inability to     
dis*>ge ! duties ( (fice4  7#b7 ,vacancy
 ,a vacancy 9 ! commission %all be fill$
 9 ! mann] 9 :i* ! orig9al appo9tm5t 0  

made4  7e7 ,proc$ures = ,conduct+       
,commission ,bus9ess  7#a7 ,*air ,memb]s
 ( an indep5d5t r$i/rict+ commission    
e/abli%$ "u ?is subsection %all select  
by majority vote "o memb] :o 0 appo9t$ f
 ! f9al indep5d5t selection pool        
describ$ 9 subsection 7b77#d77;,c7 to   
s]ve z *air ( ! commission4 ,!          
commission may n take any action to     
develop a r$i/rict+ plan = ! ,/ate "u   
section #e until ! appo9tm5t ( !        
commission's *air4  7#b7 ,requir+       
majority approval = actions ,! indep5d5t
 r$i/rict+ commission ( a ,/ate may n   
publi% & dissem9ate any draft or f9al   
r$i/rict+ plan1 or take any o!r action1 
)\t ! approval ( at lea/ a majority (   
its memb]s giv5 at a meet+ at :i* at    
lea/ a majority ( its memb]s are pres5t4
  7#c7 ,quorum ,a majority ( ! memb]s ( 
! commission %all con/itute a quorum4   
7f7 ,deadl9e ,ea* ,/ate %all e/abli% a  
commission "u ?is section n lat] ?an    
,decemb] #ca ( ea* ye> 9 :i* a dec5nial 
c5sus is conduct$4  7g7 ,t]m9ation  7#a7

 ,9 g5]al ,! indep5d5t r$i/rict+        
commission ( a ,/ate %all t]m9ate on !  
day aft] ! date ( ! fir/ regul>ly s*$ul$
 g5]al election = ,f$]al (fice :i*      
occurs aft] ! *ief executive ( ! ,/ate  
receives ! ,/ate apportionm5t notice4   
7#b7 ,pres]vation ( records ,! ,/ate    
%all ensure t ! records ( ! indep5d5t   
r$i/rict+ commission are reta9$ 9 !     
appropriate ,/ate ar*ive 9 su* mann] z  
may be necess>y to enable ! ,/ate to    
respond to any civil action br\ght )    
respect to ,congressional r$i/rict+ 9 ! 
,/ate4  #e4 ,developm5t ( ,r$i/rict+    
,plan by ,indep5d5t ,commission2 ,public
 ,notice & ,input  7a7 ,developm5t (    
r$i/rict+ plan  7#a7 ,crit]ia ,!        
indep5d5t r$i/rict+ commission ( a ,/ate
 %all develop a r$i/rict+ plan = ! ,/ate
 9 accordance ) ! foll[+ crit]ia1       
prioritiz$ accord+ to ! foll[+ ord]3    
7,a7 ,di/ricts %all ea* h equal         
population p] repres5tative z ne>ly z   
practicable1 9 accordance ) !           
,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4  7,b7   

,di/ricts %all comply ) ! ,vot+ ,rights 
,act ( #aife 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #aigc et    
seq474  7,c7 ,di/ricts %all be          
geographically contigu\s4  7,d7 ,to !   
ext5t practicable1 di/rict b\nd>ies %all
 m9imize ! division ( any municipality1 
c\nty1 neighborhood1 or community (     
int]e/4 ,= purposes ( ?is subp>agraph1 a
 community ( int]e/ is a contigu\s      
population :i* %>es common social &     
economic int]e/s t %\ld be includ$ )9 a 
s+le di/rict = purposes ( its effective 
& fair repres5tation4 ,examples ( su*   
%>$ int]e/s are ^? common to an urban   
area1 a rural area1 an indu/rial area1  
or an agricultural area1 & ^? common to 
areas 9 :i* ! p %>e simil> liv+ /&>ds1  
use ! same transportation facilities1 h 
simil> "w opportunities1 or h access to 
! same m$ia ( communication relevant to 
! election process4 ,communities (      
int]e/ %all n include relation%ips )    
political p>ties1 incumb5t (ficehold]s1 
or political c&idates4  7,e7 ,to ! ext5t
 practicable1 di/ricts %all be          

geographically compact su* t ne>by areas
 ( population are n bypass$ = m di/ant  
areas ( population4  7,f7 ,to ! ext5t   
practicable1 di/rict l9es %all use      
visible geographic features4  7#b7      
,factors prohibit$ f consid]ation ,9    
develop+ ! r$i/rict+ plan = ! ,/ate1 !  
indep5d5t r$i/rict+ commission may n    
take into consid]ation any ( ! foll[+   
factors1 except to ! ext5t necess>y to  
comply ) ! ,vot+ ,rights ,act ( #aife3  
7,a7 ,! political p>ty affiliation ( !  
population ( a di/rict4  7,b7 ,!        
resid5ce ( any ,memb] ( ! ,h\se (       
,repres5tatives or c&idate4  7b7 ,public
 notice & input  7#a7 ,use ( op5 &      
transp>5t process ,! commission %all    
hold ea* ( its meet+s 9 public1 %all    
solicit & take into consid]ation comm5ts
 f ! public ?r\gh\t ! process ( develop+
 ! r$i/rict+ plan = ! ,/ate1 & %all c>ry
 out its duties 9 an op5 & transp>5t    
mann] :i* provides = ! wide/ public     
dissem9ation reasonably possible ( its  
propos$ & f9al r$i/rict+ plans4  7#b7   

,m9imum public he>+s ,! commission %all 
hold1 at a m9imum1 ! foll[+ public he>+s
 at :i* memb]s ( ! public may provide   
input & comm5ts3  7,a7 ,a he>+ held     
prior to ! developm5t ( draft r$i/rict+ 
plans "u subsection 7c77#a74  7,b7 ,a   
he>+ held ^u ! developm5t & publication 
( su* draft r$i/rict+ plans1 at :i* !   
congressional di/rict maps provid$ "u   
ea* su* plan %all be display$4  7,c7 ,a 
he>+ held ^u ! approval ( ! f9al        
r$i/rict+ plan "u subsection 7c77#b71 at
 :i* ! congressional di/rict maps       
provid$ "u su* plan %all be display$4   
7#c7 ,m9imum p]iod = public comm5t aft] 
display ( maps ,! commission %all accept
 & consid] comm5ts f ! public ) respect 
to congressional di/rict maps display$  
at any he>+ describ$ 9 p>agraph 7#b7 = n
 few] ?an #cj days aft] ! date ( ! he>+4
  7#d7 ,availability ( data & s(tw>e ,! 
commission %all make available to !     
public all ( ! demographic data us$ by !
 commission to develop ! propos$        
r$i/rict+ plans1 toge!r ) any s(tw>e us$

 to draw maps ( propos$ di/ricts4  7#e7 
,meet+s & he>+s 9 v>i\s geographic      
locations ,to ! greate/ ext5t           
practicable1 ! commission %all hold its 
meet+s & he>+s 9 v>i\s geographic       
regions & locations ?r\gh\t ! ,/ate4    
7c7 ,process = ,enactm5t ( ,f9al        
,r$i/rict+ ,plan  7#a7 ,publication (   
draft plans ,n lat] ?an ! fir/ ,june #a 
:i* occurs aft] ! *ief executive ( !    
,/ate receives ! ,/ate apportionm5t     
notice1 ! commission %all publi% &      
dissem9ate multiple draft r$i/rict+     
plans4  7#b7 ,p]iod = consid]ation (    
public comm5ts ,aft] publi%+ &          
dissem9at+ ! draft r$i/rict+ plans "u   
p>agraph 7#a71 ! commission %all solicit
 & take into consid]ation comm5ts f !   
public on su* draft plans dur+ a p]iod (
 at lea/ #fj days foll[+ ! date on :i*  
su* draft plans are publi%$ &           
dissem9at$4  7#c7 ,publication ( f9al   
plan ,aft] tak+ into consid]ation       
comm5ts f ! public on ! draft r$i/rict+ 
plans1 ! commission %all publi% &       

dissem9ate a f9al r$i/rict+ plan = !    
,/ate1 & %all vote on approv+ su* f9al  
plan = enactm5t into law by n lat] ?an !
 fir/ ,augu/ #ae :i* occurs aft] ! *ief 
executive ( ! ,/ate receives ! ,/ate    
apportionm5t notice4  7#d7 ,enactm5t ,! 
f9al r$i/rict+ plan publi%$ & dissem9at$
 "u p>agraph 7#c7 %all be deem$ to be   
enact$ into law if--  7,a7 ! plan is    
approv$ by a majority ( ! :ole memb]%ip 
( ! commission2 &  7,b7 at lea/ "o memb]
 ( ! commission appo9t$ f ea* ( ! f9al  
selection pools describ$ 9 section      
#d7;a77#a7 approves ! plan4  #f4        
,enactm5t ( plan develop$ by c\rts  7a7 
,/ate c\rt  7#a7 ,developm5t ( plan by  
special ma/] ,if a r$i/rict+ plan       
develop$ by ! indep5d5t r$i/rict+       
commission ( a ,/ate is n enact$ into   
law "u section #e7;c7 by ! fir/ ,augu/  
#ca :i* occurs aft] ! *ief executive ( !
 ,/ate receives ! ,/ate apportionm5t    
notice1 ! *ief election (ficial ( !     
,/ate %all petition ! highe/ c\rt ( !   
,/ate = an ord] direct+ ! appo9tm5t ( a 

special ma/] to develop & pres5t a      
r$i/rict+ plan to ! c\rt4  7#b7         
,enactm5t ,if ! highe/ c\rt ( ! ,/ate   
approves a r$i/rict+ plan develop$ &    
pres5t$ by a special ma/] "u p>agraph   
7#a71 ! plan %all s]ve z ! r$i/rict+    
plan = ! ,/ate1 & %all be deem$ to be   
enact$ on ! date on :i* ! c\rt approves 
! plan4  7#c7 ,adh]5ce to crit]ia       
applicable to plans ( commission ,9     
develop+ a r$i/rict+ plan "u ?is        
subsection1 ! highe/ c\rt ( a ,/ate %all
 ensure t ! plan meets ! crit]ia        
applicable "u p>agraphs 7#a7 & 7#b7 (   
section #e7;a7 to plans develop$ by !   
indep5d5t r$i/rict+ commission ( !      
,/ate4  7b7 ,f$]al c\rt  7#a7 ,failure (
 /ate c\rt to enact plan  7,a7 ,notice  
to c\rt if plan n select$ by /ate c\rt  
,if ! *ief election (ficial ( a ,/ate   
petitions ! highe/ c\rt ( ! ,/ate = an  
ord] "u subsection 7a7 & ! c\rt does n  
approve a r$i/rict+ plan 9 accordance ) 
su* subsection by ! fir/ ,octob] #ae :i*
 occurs aft] ! *ief executive ( ! ,/ate 

receives ! ,/ate apportionm5t notice1 ! 
,/ate %all file a notice ) ! ,unit$     
,/ates di/rict c\rt = ! di/rict 9 :i* ! 
capital ( ! ,/ate is locat$4  7,b7      
,developm5t & selection ( plan by f$]al 
c\rt ,n lat] ?an #de days aft] receiv+ a
 notice f a ,/ate "u subp>agraph 7,a71 !
 c\rt %all develop & publi% a f9al      
r$i/rict+ plan = ! ,/ate1 :i* %all be   
deem$ to be enact$ on ! date on :i* !   
c\rt publi%es ! plan4  7#b7 ,failure (  
/ate to e/abli% commission ,if a ,/ate  
does n e/abli% an indep5d5t r$i/rict+   
commission "u section #d by ! deadl9e   
set =? 9 section #d7;f7--  7,a7 ! ,/ate 
may n e/abli% ! commission2 &  7,b7 !   
,unit$ ,/ates di/rict c\rt = ! di/rict 9
 :i* ! capital ( ! ,/ate is locat$ %all 
develop & publi% a f9al r$i/rict+ plan =
 ! ,/ate n lat] ?an ! fir/ ,novemb] #cj 
:i* occurs aft] ! *ief executive ( !    
,/ate receives ! ,/ate apportionm5t     
notice4  7#c7 ,crit]ia ,x is ! s5se (   
,congress t1 9 develop+ a r$i/rict+ plan
 = a ,/ate "u ?is subsection1 ! di/rict 

c\rt %\ld adh]e to ! same t]ms &        
conditions t appli$ to ! developm5t ( ! 
plan ( ! commission "u section #e7;a74  
7c7 ,access to in=mation & records (    
commission ,a c\rt :i* is requir$ to    
develop a r$i/rict+ plan = a ,/ate "u   
?is section %all h access to any        
in=mation1 data1 s(tw>e1 or o!r records 
& mat]ial us$ by ! indep5d5t r$i/rict+  
commission ( ! ,/ate 9 c>ry+ out its    
duties "u ?is ,act4  #g4 ,special rule =
 r$i/rict+ conduct$ "u ord] ( ,f$]al    
c\rt ,if a ,f$]al c\rt requires a ,/ate 
to conduct r$i/rict+ subsequ5t to an    
apportionm5t ( ,repres5tatives 9 ! ,/ate
 9 ord] to comply ) ! ,con/itution or to
 en=ce ! ,vot+ ,rights ,act ( #aife1    
sections #e & #f %all apply ) respect to
 ! r$i/rict+1 except t--  7#a7 !        
indep5d5t r$i/rict+ commission %all be  
e/abli%$ & ! commission's *air %all be  
appo9t$ prior to ! expiration ( !       
#fj-;day p]iod :i* beg9s on ! date ( !  
f9al ord] ( ! ,f$]al c\rt to conduct !  
r$i/rict+2  7#b7 if ! commission fails  

to enact into law a f9al r$i/rict+ plan 
9 accordance ) section #e7;c7 prior to !
 expiration ( ! #aej-;day p]iod :i*     
beg9s on ! date ( ! f9al ord] ( ! ,f$]al
 c\rt to conduct ! r$i/rict+1 ! *ief    
election (ficial ( ! ,/ate %all petition
 ! highe/ c\rt ( ! ,/ate = an ord]      
direct+ ! appo9tm5t ( a special ma/] to 
develop & pres5t a r$i/rict+ plan to !  
c\rt 9 accordance ) section #f7;a72     
7#c7 if ! *ief election (ficial ( !     
,/ate petitions ! highe/ c\rt ( ! ,/ate 
= an ord] 9 accordance ) section #f7;a71
 ! c\rt %all approve a f9al r$i/rict+   
plan 9 accordance ) section #f7;a7 prior
 to ! expiration ( ! #ahj-;day p]iod :i*
 beg9s on ! date ( ! f9al ord] ( !      
,f$]al c\rt to conduct ! r$i/rict+2 &   
7#d7 if ! highe/ c\rt ( ! ,/ate fails to
 meet ! requirem5ts ( p>agraph 7#c71 a  
di/rict c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates %all     
develop & publi% a f9al r$i/rict+ plan =
 ! ,/ate 9 accordance ) section #f7;b7  
prior to ! expiration ( ! #baj-;day     
p]iod :i* beg9s on ! date ( ! f9al ord] 

( ! ,f$]al c\rt to conduct ! r$i/rict+4 
#h4 ,paym5ts to ,/ates = c>ry+ out      
r$i/rict+  7a7 ,au?orization ( paym5ts  
,subject to subsection 7d71 n lat] ?an  
#cj days aft] a ,/ate receives a ,/ate  
apportionm5t notice1 ! ,election        
,assi/ance ,commission %all make a      
paym5t to ! ,/ate 9 an am\nt equal to ! 
product (--  7#a7 ! numb] (             
,repres5tatives to :i* ! ,/ate is       
entitl$1 z provid$ "u ! notice2 &  7#b7 
#aej1jjj4  7b7 ,use ( funds ,a ,/ate    
%all use ! paym5t made "u ?is section to
 e/abli% & op]ate ! ,/ate's indep5d5t   
r$i/rict+ commission1 to implem5t !     
,/ate r$i/rict+ plan1 & to o!rwise c>ry 
out ,congressional r$i/rict+ 9 ! ,/ate4 
7c7 ,no paym5t to /ates ) s+le memb] ,! 
,election ,assi/ance ,commission %all n 
make a paym5t "u ?is section to any     
,/ate :i* is n entitl$ to m ?an "o      
,repres5tative "u its ,/ate apportionm5t
 notice4  7d7 ,requir+ ,e/abli%m5t (    
,commission z ,condition ( ,paym5t ,!   
,election ,assi/ance ,commission may n  

make a paym5t to a ,/ate "u ?is section 
until ! ,/ate c]tifies to ! ,commission 
t ! ,/ate has e/abli%$ an indep5d5t     
r$i/rict+ commission1 & t a *air ( !    
commission has be5 appo9t$1 9 accordance
 ) section #d4  7e7 ,au?orization (     
appropriations ,!re are au?oriz$ to be  
appropriat$ su* sums z may be necess>y =
 paym5ts "u ?is section4  #i4 ,civil    
en=cem5t  7a7 ,civil ,en=cem5t  7#a7    
,actions by ,attorney ,g5]al ,!         
,attorney ,g5]al may br+ a civil action 
9 an appropriate di/rict c\rt = su*     
relief z may be appropriate to c>ry out 
?is ,act4  7#b7 ,availability ( private 
"r ( action ,any elector ( a ,/ate :o is
 aggriev$ by ! failure ( ! ,/ate        
r$i/rict+ plan :i* is enact$ into law "u
 section #e7;b77#c7 to meet !           
requirem5ts = su* a plan "u ?is ,act may
 br+ a civil action 9 an appropriate    
di/rict c\rt = su* relief z may be      
appropriate to rem$y ! failure1 s long z
 ! elector br+s ! action dur+ ! #de-;day
 p]iod :i* beg9s on ! date on :i* ! plan

 is enact$ into law4  7b7 ,exp$it$      
,consid]ation ,9 any action br\ght = "u 
?is section1 ! foll[+ rules %all apply3 
7#a7 ,! action %all be fil$ 9 !         
appropriate ,unit$ ,/ates di/rict c\rt &
 %all be he>d by a #c-;judge c\rt conv5$
 pursuant to section #bbhd ( title #bh1 
,unit$ ,/ates ,code4  7#b7 ,! #c-;judge 
c\rt %all consolidate actions br\ght =  
relief "u subsection 7b77#a7 ) respect  
to ! same ,/ate r$i/rict+ plan4  7#c7 ,a
 copy ( ! compla9t %all be deliv]$      
promptly to ! ,cl]k ( ! ,h\se (         
,repres5tatives & ! ,secret>y ( !       
,s5ate4  7#d7 ,a f9al decision 9 !      
action %all be reviewable only by appeal
 directly to ! ,supreme ,c\rt ( ! ,unit$
 ,/ates4 ,su* appeal %all be tak5 by !  
fil+ ( a notice ( appeal )9 #aj days1 & 
! fil+ ( a jurisdictional /atem5t )9 #cj
 days1 ( ! entry ( ! f9al decision4     
7#e7 ,x %all be ! duty ( ! di/rict c\rt 
& ! ,supreme ,c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates to 
advance on ! docket & to exp$ite to !   
greate/ possible ext5t ! disposition ( !

 action & appeal4  7c7 ,location ( ,c\rt
 ,= purposes ( an action "u ?is section1
 ! appropriate di/rict c\rt %all be !   
di/rict c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates = !      
di/rict :i* includes ! capital ( ! ,/ate
 involv$4  7d7 ,attorney's ,fees ,9 a   
civil action "u ?is section1 ! c\rt may 
all[ ! prevail+ p>ty 7o!r ?an ! ,unit$  
,/ates7 reasonable attorney fees1       
includ+ litigation exp5ses1 & co/s4  7e7
 ,relation to ,o!r ,laws  7#a7 ,rights &
 rem$ies additional to o!r rights &     
rem$ies ,! rights & rem$ies e/abli%$ by 
?is section are 9 addition to all o!r   
rights & rem$ies provid$ by law1 & nei!r
 ! rights & rem$ies e/abli%$ by ?is     
section nor any o!r provision ( ?is ,act
 %all sup]s$e1 re/rict1 or limit !      
application ( ! ,vot+ ,rights ,act (    
#aife 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #aigc et seq474    
7#b7 ,vot+ ,rights ,act ( #aife ,no?+ 9 
?is ,act au?orizes or requires conduct t
 is prohibit$ by ! ,vot+ ,rights ,act ( 
#aife 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #aigc et seq474    
#aj4 ,/ate apportionm5t notice def9$ ,9 

?is ,act1 ! ,/ate apportionm5t notice   
means1 ) respect to a ,/ate1 ! notice   
s5t to ! ,/ate f ! ,cl]k ( ! ,h\se (    
,repres5tatives "u section #bb7;b7 ( !  
,act entitl$ ,an ,act to provide = !    
fifte5? & subsequ5t dec5nial c5suses &  
to provide = an apportionm5t (          
,repres5tatives 9 ,congress1 approv$    
,june #ah1 #aibi 7#b ,u4,s4,c4 #b;a71 ( 
! numb] ( ,repres5tatives to :i* ! ,/ate
 is entitl$4  #aa4 ,effective date ,?is 
,act & ! am5dm5ts made by ?is ,act %all 
apply ) respect to r$i/rict+ c>ri$ out  
pursuant to ! dec5nial c5sus conduct$   
dur+ #bjbj or any succe$+ dec5nial      
c5sus4