,i  #aac? ,,congress  #a/ ,session  ,h4 
,r4 #bgjf  ,,9 ,,! ,,h\se ,,(           
,,repres5tatives  ,july #ag1 #bjac ,mr4 
,y>mu? 7= himself1 ,mr4 ,polis1 ,ms4    
,bonamici1 ,ms4 ,norton1 ,mr4 ,rahall1  
,mr4 ,connolly1 ,mr4 ,coh51 & ,mr4      
,c>twright7 introduc$ ! foll[+ bill2 :i*
 0 ref]r$ to ! ,committee on ,education 
& ! ,work=ce  ,a ,,bill  ,to e/abli% a  
compreh5sive lit]acy program1 & = o!r   
purposes4  #a4 ,%ort title2 table (     
cont5ts  7a7 ,%ort title ,?is ,act may  
be cit$ z--  7#a7 ! ,lit]acy ,education 
= ,all1 ,results = ! ,nation ,act2 or   
7#b7 ! ,,le>n ,act4  7b7 ,table (       
cont5ts ,! table ( cont5ts = ?is ,act is
 z foll[s3  ,sec4 #a4 ,%ort title2 table
 ( cont5ts4 ,sec4 #b4 ,f9d+s4 ,sec4 #c4 
,purposes4 ,sec4 #d4 ,programs au?oriz$4
 ,sec4 #e4 ,/ate plann+ grants4 ,sec4   
#f4 ,/ate implem5tation grants4 ,sec4   
#g4 ,subgrants to eligible entities 9   
support ( lit]acy = *ildr5 f bir? ?r\gh 
k9d]g>t5 entry4 ,sec4 #h4 ,subgrants to 
eligible entities 9 support ( lit]acy = 

/ud5ts 9 k9d]g>t5 ?r\gh grade #ab4 ,sec4
 #i4 ,additional ,/ate activities4 ,sec4
 #aj4 ,national evaluation1 in=mation   
dissem9ation1 & te*nical assi/ance4     
,sec4 #aa4 ,consequ5ces ( insuffici5t   
progress1 report+ requirem5ts1 &        
conflicts ( int]e/4 ,sec4 #ab4 ,rules ( 
con/ruction4 ,sec4 #ac4 ,def9itions4    
,sec4 #ad4 ,au?orization (              
appropriations4  #b4 ,f9d+s ,! ,congress
 f9ds t 9 ord] = a compreh5sive &       
effective lit]acy program to address !  
ne$s ( *ildr5 x is critical to address !
 foll[+3  7#a7 ,lit]acy developm5t is an
 ongo+ process t requires a su/a9$      
engagem5t & inve/m5t beg9n+ 9 e>ly      
*ildhood & cont9u+ ?r\gh second>y s*ool4
  7#b7 ,develop+ lit]acy skills beg9s at
 bir? z infants & toddl]s associate     
s\nds1 ge/ures1 & m>ks on pap] )        
consequ5ces & mean+4 ,_m tea*]s & /aff 9
 e>ly le>n+ programs are n provid$ )    
high-quality pr(essional developm5t 9 h[
 to support *ildr5's language & lit]acy 
developm5t4 ,su* high-quality           

pr(essional le>n+ & prep>ation1 t is    
job-emb$d$ & ongo+1 promotes /rong e>ly 
language & lit]acy = all *ildr5's       
read9ess = s*ool4  7#c7 ,rese>* %[s t   
writ+ leads to improv$ read+ a*ievem5t1 
read+ leads to bett] writ+ p]=mance1 &  
comb9$ in/ruction leads to improvem5ts 9
 bo? areas4 ,/ud5ts 9 k9d]g>t5 ?r\gh    
grade #ab ne$ to be engag$ 9 comb9$     
read+ & writ+ exp]i5ces t lead to a     
high] level ( ?9k+ ?an :5 ei!r process  
is taught alone4  7#d7 ,tea*]s & e>ly   
*ildhood educators ne$ pr(essional      
developm5t to improve ! read+ & writ+   
abilities ( *ildr5 :o are at risk =     
developm5tal delays or are read+ & writ+
 sev]al ye>s bel[ grade level4 ,middle  
s*ool & second>y s*ool tea*]s 9 core    
academic subjects mu/ h ! tools & skills
 to tea* read+ & writ+ = subject area   
und]/&+ & to diff]5tiate & provide      
in/ruction = /ud5ts ) v>y+ lit]acy      
skills4  7#e7 ,approximately #gj p]c5t (
 #d? grad]s & #h? grad]s read bel[ !    
pr(ici5t level on ! #bjjg ,national     

,assessm5t ( ,educational ,progress4    
7#f7 ,betwe5 #aiga & #bjjh1 ! read+     
levels ( #ag-ye>-olds 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates 
%[$ little to no improvem5t4 ,! ability 
( second>y s*ool /ud5ts to read complex 
texts is /rongly pr$ictive ( _! p]=mance
 9 po/second>y ma!matics & sci5ce       
c\rses4  7#g7 ,only "o-?ird ( second>y  
s*ool /ud5ts :o ent] #i? grade ea* ye> c
 expect to graduate 9 #d ye>s ) ! skills
 ne$$ to succe$ 9 high] education & !   
workplace4  7#h7 ,! #be fa/e/ gr[+      
pr(essions h high] ?an av]age lit]acy   
dem&s :ile ! fa/e/ decl9+ pr(essions h  
l[] ?an av]age lit]acy dem&s4  7#i7 ,!  
intellectual & l+ui/ic skills necess>y =
 read+ & writ+ mu/ be develop$ ?r\gh    
explicit1 int5tional1 & sy/ematic       
language activities1 to :i* _m l[-income
 & m9ority /ud5ts d n h access4  7#aj7  
,only #ga p]c5t ( second>y s*ool /ud5ts 
graduate on "t ) a diploma1 mean+ t e   
ye> #a1bcj1jjj /ud5ts fail to graduate f
 second>y s*ool 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,^!  
#a1bcj1jjj nongraduates co/ ! ,unit$    

,/ates m ?an #cai1jjj1jjj1jjj 9 lo/     
wages1 taxes1 & productivity ov] _!     
lifetimes4  7#aa7 ,mean+ful engagem5t ( 
families 9 _! *ildr5's e>ly le>n+       
supports s*ool read9ess & lat] academic 
success4 ,p>5tal lit]acy habits are     
positively associat$ ) p>5tal read+     
beliefs1 p>5t-*ild lit]acy & language   
activities 9 ! home1 *ildr5's pr9t k1 & 
int]e/ 9 read+ & writ+4  #c4 ,purposes  
,! purposes ( ?is ,act are--  7#a7 to   
improve read+1 writ+1 & academic        
a*ievem5t = *ildr5 & /ud5ts by provid+  
,f$]al support to ,/ate educational     
ag5cies1 9 collaboration ) ,/ate ag5cies
 t ov]see *ild c>e programs1 to develop1
 coord9ate1 & implem5t compreh5sive     
,/ate lit]acy plans t ensure            
high-quality in/ruction & effective     
practices 9 e>ly language & lit]acy 9   
e>ly le>n+ programs 7s]v+ *ildr5 f bir? 
?r\gh k9d]g>t5 entry7 & 9 read+ & writ+ 
9 k9d]g>t5 ?r\gh grade #ab2 &  7#b7 to  
assi/ ,/ate educational ag5cies & ,/ate 
ag5cies t ov]see *ild c>e & o!r e>ly    

*ildhood programs 9 a*iev+ ! purposes   
describ$ 9 p>agraph 7#a7 by--  7,a7     
support+ ! developm5t & implem5tation ( 
e>ly le>n+ ?r\gh grade #ab lit]acy      
programs t are bas$ on sci5tifically    
valid rese>*1 to ensure t e /ud5t c read
 & write at grade level or above2  7,b7 
provid+ *ildr5 att5d+ e>ly le>n+        
programs t s]ve *ildr5 f bir? ?r\gh     
k9d]g>t5 entry1 includ+ programs1 su* z 
*ild c>e1 ,e>ly ,head ,/>t1 ,head ,/>t1 
,/ate-fund$ pres*ool1 public libr>y     
programs1 & o!r e>ly *ildhood education 
sett+s1 ) high-quality1 language-ri*1   
lit]ature-ri*1 in=mational text-ri*1    
culturally relevant1 developm5tally     
appropriate environm5ts1 s t su* *ildr5 
develop ! fundam5tal k & skills necess>y
 = lit]acy engagem5t1 developm5t1 &     
a*ievem5t 9 k9d]g>t5 & beyond2  7,c7    
educat+ p>5ts 9 ! ways !y c support _!  
*ild's communication & lit]acy          
developm5t2  7,d7 support+ ef=ts to l9k 
& align /&>ds & evid5ce-bas$ tea*+      
practices & in/ruction 9 e>ly le>n+     

programs s]v+ *ildr5 f bir? ?r\gh       
k9d]g>t5 entry2  7,e7 support+          
high-quality1 effective educational &   
developm5t environm5ts = *ildr5 & /ud5ts
 f bir? ?r\gh grade #ab to develop oral 
language1 read+ compreh5sion1 & writ+   
abilities ?r\gh evid5ce-bas$ in/ruction 
& practices2  7,f7 improv+ /ud5t        
a*ievem5t by e/abli%+ lit]acy           
initiatives t provide explicit &        
sy/ematic in/ruction 9 oral language1   
read+1 & writ+ developm5t across !      
curriculum2  7,g7 id5tify+ & support+   
/ud5ts :o are read+ & writ+ bel[ grade  
level by provid+ evid5ce-bas$ int5sive  
int]v5tions1 includ+ ext5d$ le>n+ "t1 to
 help su* /ud5ts acquire ! language &   
lit]acy skills !y ne$ to graduate f     
second>y s*ool2  7,h7 provid+ assi/ance 
to eligible entities 9 ord] to provide  
educators ) high-quality pr(essional    
developm5t 9 ! ess5tial compon5ts ( e>ly
 lit]acy in/ruction & ! ess5tial        
compon5ts ( read+ & writ+ in/ruction2   
7,i7 support+ ,/ate educational ag5cies 

& local educational ag5cies 9 us+ age- &
 developm5tally appropriate in/ructional
 mat]ials & /rategies1 includ+ ^?       
consi/5t ) univ]sal design = le>n+1 t   
assi/ tea*]s z !y "w ) /ud5ts to develop
 read+ & writ+ compet5cies appropriate  
to ! /ud5t's grade & skill levels2  7,j7
 support+ ,/ate educational ag5cies &   
eligible entities 9 improv+ read+1      
writ+1 & academic a*ievem5t = *ildr5 &  
/ud5ts1 especially ^? t are l[-income1  
limit$ ,engli% pr(ici5t1 migratory1     
,indian or ,alaskan ,native1 neglect$ or
 del9qu5t1 homeless1 9 ! cu/ody ( ! *ild
 welf>e sy/em1 ^? t h disabilities1 or  
^? :o h dropp$ out ( s*ool2 &  7,k7     
/r5g!n+ coord9ation among s*ools1 e>ly  
le>n+ programs1 e>ly lit]acy programs1  
family lit]acy programs1 juv5ile ju/ice 
programs1 public libr>ies1 &            
outside-(-s*ool programs t provide      
*ildr5 & y\? ) /rategies1 curricula1    
int]v5tions1 & assessm5ts design$ to    
advance e>ly & cont9u+ language &       
lit]acy developm5t 9 ways appropriate = 

ea* context4  #d4 ,programs au?oriz$    
7a7 ,9 g5]al ,! ,secret>y is au?oriz$-- 
7#a7 to aw>d ,/ate plann+ grants 9      
accordance ) subsection 7b7 & section   
#e2 &  7#b7 to aw>d ,/ate implem5tation 
grants 9 accordance ) subsection 7b7 &  
section #f to enable--  7,a7 ! ,/ate    
ag5cy t ov]sees *ild c>e programs1 9    
consultation ) ! ,/ate ,advisory ,c\ncil
 on ,e>ly ,*ildhood ,education & ,c>e   
describ$ 9 section #fdb;,b ( ! ,head    
,/>t ,act & o!r e>ly *ildhood ag5cies1  
to aw>d subgrants to eligible entities 9
 accordance ) section #g2  7,b7 ! ,/ate 
educational ag5cy to aw>d subgrants to  
eligible entities 9 accordance ) section
 #h2 &  7,c7 ! ,/ate educational ag5cy  
to c>ry out ! additional ,/ate          
activities describ$ 9 section #i4  7b7  
,aw>ds to /ate educational ag5cies  7#a7
 ,discretion>y grants  7,a7 ,9 g5]al ,if
 ! am\nt appropriat$ "u section #ad = a 
fiscal ye> is less ?an #ejj1jjj1jjj !   
,secret>y %all--  7i7 res]ve n m ?an #e 
p]c5t ( su* am\nt = ! national          

evaluation1 dissem9ation ( in=mation1 & 
te*nical assi/ance "u section #aj2  7ii7
 res]ve n m ?an #e p]c5t ( su* am\nt to 
make aw>ds1 on a competitive basis1 "u  
section #e2 &  7iii7 use ! am\nt n      
res]v$ "u clauses 7i7 & 7ii7 to make    
aw>ds1 on a competitive basis & bas$ on 
! quality ( ! applications submitt$1 to 
,/ate educational ag5cies t h           
applications approv$ "u section #f to   
enable ! ag5cies to c>ry out sections #g
 ?r\gh #i4  7,b7 ,allocation ( funds ,! 
,secret>y %all allocate ! funds describ$
 9 subp>agraph 7,a77iii7 among approv$  
applicants on ! basis ( ! relative numb]
 or p]c5tage ( *ildr5 c\nt$ "u section  
#aabd7;c7 ( ! ,elem5t>y & ,second>y     
,education ,act ( #aife 7#bj ,u4,s4,c4  
#fccc7;c77 9 a ,/ate s]v$ by an approv$ 
applicant comp>$ to ! numb] or p]c5tage 
( su* *ildr5 9 all ,/ates s]v$ by       
approv$ applicants1 except t aw>ds "u   
?is p>agraph %all be ( suffici5t size & 
scope to be effective4  7#b7 ,=mula     
grants  7,a7 ,9 g5]al ,if ! am\nt       

appropriat$ "u section #ad = a fiscal   
ye> is equal to or exce$s #ejj1jjj1jjj !
 ,secret>y %all--  7i7 res]ve n m ?an #e
 p]c5t ( su* am\nt = ! national         
evaluation1 dissem9ation ( in=mation1 & 
te*nical assi/ance "u section #aj2  7ii7
 res]ve n m ?an #e p]c5t ( su* am\nt to 
make aw>ds1 on a competitive basis1 "u  
section #e2  7iii7 res]ve a total ( #a  
p]c5t ( su* am\nt =--  7,i7 allotm5ts = 
! ,unit$ ,/ates ,virg9 ,isl&s1 ,guam1   
,am]ican ,samoa1 & ! ,commonweal? ( !   
,nor!rn ,m>iana ,isl&s1 to be di/ribut$ 
among su* outly+ areas on ! basis ( _!  
relative ne$1 z det]m9$ by ! ,secret>y 9
 accordance ) ! purposes ( ?is ,act2 &  
7,,ii7 ! ,secret>y ( ! ,int]ior =       
programs "u sections #e ?r\gh #i 9      
s*ools op]at$ or fund$ by ! ,bureau (   
,indian ,education2 &  7iv7 use ! am\nt 
n res]v$ "u clauses 7i7 ?r\gh 7iii7 to  
make aw>ds1 f allotm5ts "u subp>agraph  
7,b71 to ,/ate educational ag5cies s]v+ 
,/ates1 exclud+ ,/ates describ$ 9 clause
 7iii77,i71 t h applications approv$ "u 

section #f to enable ! ag5cies to c>ry  
out sections #g ?r\gh #i4  7,b7 ,/ate   
allotm5t =mula ,f ! funds describ$ 9    
subp>agraph 7,a77iv71 ! ,secret>y %all  
make an aw>d to ea* approv$ applicant "u
 section #f on ! basis ( ! relative     
numb] ( *ildr5 c\nt$ "u section         
#aabd7;c7 ( ! ,elem5t>y & ,second>y     
,education ,act ( #aife 7#bj ,u4,s4,c4  
#fccc7;c77 9 ! ,/ate s]v$ by ! applicant
 comp>$ to ! numb] ( su* *ildr5 9 all   
,/ates s]v$ by approv$ applicants4  7,c7
 ,proportional division ,9 ea* fiscal   
ye>1 ! am\nt res]v$ "u subp>agraph      
7,a77iii7 %all be divid$ betwe5 ! uses  
describ$ 9 subclauses 7,i7 & 7,,ii7 (   
su* subp>agraph 9 ! same proportion z ! 
am\nt res]v$ "u section #aaba7;a7 ( !   
,elem5t>y & ,second>y ,education ,act ( 
#aife 7#bj ,u4,s4,c4 #fcca7;a77 is      
divid$ betwe5 ! uses describ$ 9         
p>agraphs 7#a7 & 7#b7 ( su* section     
#aaba7;a7 = su* fiscal ye>4  7#c7       
,consultation  7,a7 ,9 g5]al ,z         
applicable1 a ,/ate educational ag5cy t 

receives a discretion>y grant or        
allotm5t "u ?is subsection %all engage 9
 timely & mean+ful consultation )       
repres5tatives ( ,indian tribes locat$ 9
 ! ,/ate 9 ord] to improve ! coord9ation
 ( activities design$ to develop        
effective approa*es to a*ieve ! purposes
 ( ! ,act consi/5t ) ! cultural1        
language1 & educational ne$s ( ,indian  
/ud5ts4  7,b7 ,special rule ,( ! funds  
res]v$ "u p>agraph 7#b77;,a77iii77,,ii71
 ! ,secret>y ( ! ,int]ior %all consult )
 tribes & s*ool bo>ds connect$ )        
bureau-fund$ s*ools to ensure allocation
 ( funds to ! ext5t possible 9          
accordance ) subp>agraphs 7,a71 7,b71 & 
7,c7 ( section #f7;a77#b74  7c7 ,pe]    
review  7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,! ,secret>y %all 
conv5e a pe] review panel to evaluate & 
make recomm5dations to ! ,secret>y      
reg>d+ ea* application = a grant "u     
section #e or #f us+ ! evaluation       
crit]ia describ$ 9 p>agraph 7#b74  7#b7 
,developm5t ( evaluation crit]ia ,!     
,secret>y %all report to ! ,congress !  

pe] review process & evaluation crit]ia 
t w be us$ to evaluate grant            
applications "u sections #e & #f & %all 
make a copy ( ! pe] review panel's      
comm5ts available to ! public4  7d7     
,supplem5t n supplant ,grant funds      
provid$ "u ?is section %all be us$ to   
supplem5t1 & n supplant1 o!r ,f$]al1    
,/ate1 or local funds t w\ld1 9 ! abs5ce
 ( su* grant funds1 be made available = 
lit]acy in/ruction & support ( *ildr5 & 
/ud5ts p>ticipat+ 9 programs assi/$ "u  
?is ,act4  #e4 ,/ate plann+ grants  7a7 
,plann+ grants au?oriz$  7#a7 ,9 g5]al  
,! ,secret>y may aw>d plann+ grants to  
,/ate educational ag5cies to enable !   
,/ate educational ag5cies to develop or 
improve a compreh5sive plan1 9          
consultation ) ! ,/ate ag5cies t ov]see 
*ild c>e & o!r e>ly *ildhood programs1 !
 ,/ate ,advisory ,c\ncil on ,e>ly       
,*ildhood ,education & ,c>e1 & ! ,/ate  
,head ,/>t ,collaboration ,(fice1 to    
c>ry out activities t improve lit]acy = 
*ildr5 & /ud5ts f bir? ?r\gh grade #ab4 

7#b7 ,grant p]iod ,a plann+ grant "u ?is
 section %all be aw>d$ = a p]iod ( n m  
?an #a ye>4  7#c7 ,nonr5ewability ,!    
,secret>y %all n aw>d a ,/ate           
educational ag5cy m ?an #a plann+ grant 
"u ?is section4  7#d7 ,relation to      
implem5tation grants ,a ,/ate           
educational ag5cy may n receive a plann+
 grant "u ?is section at ! same "t x is 
receiv+ an implem5tation grant "u       
section #f4  7b7 ,application ,ea* ,/ate
 educational ag5cy desir+ a plann+ grant
 "u ?is section %all submit1 jo9tly ) ! 
,/ate ag5cies t ov]see *ild c>e & o!r   
e>ly *ildhood programs & ! ,/ate        
,advisory ,c\ncil on ,e>ly ,*ildhood    
,education & ,c>e1 an application to !  
,secret>y at su* "t1 9 su* mann]1 &     
accompani$ by su* in=mation z !         
,secret>y may require4  7c7 ,exi/+ ,/ate
 lit]acy plan ,an exi/+ ,f$]ally fund$  
compreh5sive ,/ate lit]acy plan may be  
improv$ us+ a grant "u ?is section4  #f4
 ,/ate implem5tation grants  7a7        
,implem5tation grants au?oriz$  7#a7 ,9 

g5]al ,! ,secret>y %all aw>d            
implem5tation grants to ,/ate           
educational ag5cies--  7,a7 to implem5t1
 9 collaboration ) ! ,/ate ag5cies t    
ov]see *ild c>e & o!r e>ly *ildhood     
programs1 ! ,/ate ,advisory ,c\ncil on  
,e>ly ,*ildhood ,education & ,c>e1 & !  
,/ate ,head ,/>t ,collaboration ,(fice--
  7i7 ! compreh5sive ,/ate lit]acy plan 
develop$ "u section #e1 if ! ,/ate      
educational ag5cy receiv$ a grant "u su*
 section2 or  7ii7 ano!r compreh5sive   
,/ate lit]acy plan = s]v+ *ildr5 f bir? 
?r\gh grade #ab2  7,b7 to provide funds 
made available "u p>agraph 7#b77;,a7 to 
! ,/ate ag5cy t ov]sees *ild c>e        
programs to aw>d subgrants "u section   
#g2  7,c7 to aw>d subgrants "u section  
#h2 &  7,d7 to c>ry out additional ,/ate
 activities "u section #i4  7#b7 ,use ( 
funds ,/ate educational ag5cy %all use  
implem5tation grant funds receiv$ "u ?is
 section z foll[s3  7,a7 ,le>n]s f bir? 
?r\gh k9d]g>t5 entry ,n less ?an #ae    
p]c5t ( su* grant funds %all be us$ 9   

accordance ) section #g4  7,b7 ,/ud5ts 9
 k9d]g>t5 ?r\gh grade #e ,n less ?an #dj
 p]c5t ( su* grant funds %all be us$ 9  
accordance ) section #h1 to be allocat$ 
equitably among grades k9d]g>t5 ?r\gh   
grade #e1 unless ! ,/ate educational    
ag5cy det]m9es ?an an exception is      
necess>y bas$ on a capacity survey      
describ$ 9 section #h7;c77#a74  7,c7    
,/ud5ts 9 grades #f ?r\gh #ab ,n less   
?an #dj p]c5t ( su* grant funds %all be 
us$ 9 accordance ) section #h1 to be    
allocat$ equitably among grades #f ?r\gh
 #ab1 unless ! ,/ate educational ag5cy  
det]m9es t an exception is necess>y bas$
 on a capacity survey describ$ 9 section
 #h7;c77#a74  7,d7 ,/ate activities ,n m
 ?an #e p]c5t ( su* grant funds %all be 
us$ = ! ,/ate activities describ$ 9     
section #i4  7#c7 ,duration ( grants ,an
 implem5tation grant "u ?is section %all
 be aw>d$ = a p]iod ( n less ?an #c ye>s
 & n m ?an #e ye>s4  7#d7 ,r5ewals  7,a7
 ,9 g5]al ,implem5tation grants "u ?is  
section may be r5ew$4  7,b7 ,conditions 

,9 ord] to be eligible to h an          
implem5tation grant r5ew$ "u ?is        
p>agraph1 ! ,/ate educational ag5cy1 9  
collaboration ) ! ,/ate ag5cies t ov]see
 *ild c>e & o!r e>ly *ildhood programs &
 ! ,/ate ,advisory ,c\ncil on ,e>ly     
,*ildhood ,education & ,c>e1 %all       
demon/rate1 to ! satisfaction ( !       
,secret>y1 t--  7i7 ! ,/ate educational 
ag5cy has compli$ ) ! t]ms ( ! grant1   
includ+ us+ ! funds to--  7,i7 increase 
access to high-quality pr(essional      
developm5t2  7,,ii7 use developm5tally  
appropriate curricula & tea*+ mat]ials2 
&  7,,iii7 use developm5tally           
appropriate classroom-bas$ in/ructional 
assessm5ts & developm5tally appropriate 
scre5+ & diagno/ic assessm5ts2 &  7ii7 )
 respect to /ud5ts 9 k9d]g>t5 ?r\gh     
grade #ab1 dur+ ! p]iod ( ! grant !re   
has be5 significant progress 9 /ud5t    
a*ievem5t1 z measur$ by appropriate     
assessm5ts1 includ+ meet+ ! measurable  
annual objectives e/abli%$ pursuant to  
section #aaaa7;b77#b77;,c77v7 ( !       

,elem5t>y & ,second>y ,education ,act ( 
#aife 7#bj ,u4,s4,c4                    
#fcaa7;b77#b77;,c77v774  7b7 ,/ate      
,applications  7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,a ,/ate   
educational ag5cy t desires to receive  
an implem5tation grant "u ?is section   
%all1 9 collaboration ) ! ,/ate ag5cies 
t ov]see *ild c>e & o!r e>ly *ildhood   
programs & ! ,/ate ,advisory ,c\ncil on 
,e>ly ,*ildhood ,education & ,c>e1      
submit an application to ! ,secret>y at 
su* "t1 9 su* mann]1 & conta9+ su*      
in=mation z ! ,secret>y may require4    
7#b7 ,cont5ts ,an application describ$ 9
 p>agraph 7#a7 %all include ! foll[+3   
7,a7 ,/ate lit]acy team & plan ,a       
description ( h[ ! ,/ate educational    
ag5cy has =m$ a ,/ate lit]acy lead]%ip  
team & develop$ a compreh5sive ,/ate    
lit]acy plan1 z describ$ 9 section #e4  
7,b7 ,conflicts ( int]e/ ,an assurance t
 ! ,/ate has a process to safegu>d aga9/
 conflicts ( int]e/ consi/5t ) section  
#aa7;c7 = individuals provid+ te*nical  
assi/ance on behalf ( ! ,/ate           

educational ag5cy or ! ,/ate ag5cies t  
ov]see *ild c>e & o!r e>ly *ildhood     
programs or s]v+ on ! ,/ate lit]acy     
lead]%ip team4  7,c7 ,implem5tation ,an 
implem5tation plan t includes a         
description ( h[ ! ,/ate educational    
ag5cy & ! ,/ate ag5cy t ov]sees *ild c>e
 programs w--  7i7 assi/ eligible       
entities )--  7,i7 select+ & us+ scre5+ 
assessm5ts & diagno/ic assessm5ts2      
7,,ii7 provid+ classroom-bas$ in/ruction
 t is support$ by "o-to-"o & small gr\p 
in/ruction2  7,,iii7 us+ curricul>      
mat]ials & in/ructional tools1 :i* may  
include te*nology1 to improve in/ruction
 & lit]acy a*ievem5t2  7,,iv7 us+ !     
pr9ciples ( univ]sal design = le>n+ 9   
all phases ( in/ructional practice1     
includ+ pr(essional developm5t1         
curriculum developm5t & selection (     
in/ructional mat]ials1 & classroom      
in/ruction2  7,v7 provid+ high-quality  
pr(essional developm5t z "p ( su*       
eligible entities' lit]acy initiatives  
to improve ! lit]acy developm5t & le>n+ 

( *ildr5 & /ud5ts s]v$ "u !             
implem5tation grant2 &  7,,vi7 provid+  
div]se le>n]s1 includ+ ,engli% language 
le>n]s1 ) culturally1 l+ui/ically1 &    
developm5tally appropriate curricula1   
in/ructional mat]ials1 int]active       
te*nologies1 & valid & reliable         
assessm5ts t support su* le>n]s 9 meet+ 
,/ate academic & cont5t /&>ds2  7ii7    
ensure t eligible entities 9 ! ,/ate h  
lev]ag$ & are effectively lev]ag+ !     
res\rces to implem5t high-quality       
lit]acy in/ruction1 & h ! capacity to   
implem5t high-quality lit]acy           
initiatives effectively2  7iii7 ensure t
 pr(essional developm5t activities are  
bas$ on--  7,i7 ! ess5tial compon5ts (  
e>ly lit]acy in/ruction & ! ess5tial    
compon5ts ( read+ & writ+ in/ruction1 z 
appropriate2 &  7,,ii7 evid5ce-bas$     
,engli% language acquisition & adult    
le>n+ rese>*1 z appropriate2  7iv7      
coord9ate & align1 z appropriate1 !     
activities assi/$ "u ?is section &      
sections #g & #h ) o!r ,/ate & local    

programs t--  7,i7 s]ve *ildr5 & /ud5ts1
 & _! families2 &  7,,ii7 promote       
lit]acy in/ruction & le>n+2  7v7 ensure 
t funds provid$ "u ?is section are aw>d$
 9 a mann] t w provide s]vices to all   
age & grade levels consi/5t ) section   
#f7;a77#b72  7vi7 aw>d subgrants to     
eligible entities to enable ! eligible  
entities to c>ry out ! activities       
describ$ 9 sections #g & #h1 includ+    
to--  7,i7 eligible entities t s]ve     
rural areas2 &  7,,ii7 eligible entities
 t s]ve urban areas2 &  7vii7 assi/ !   
eligible entities 9 ! ,/ate 9--  7,i7   
provid+ /rategic & int5sive lit]acy     
in/ruction = /ud5ts read+ & writ+ bel[  
grade level1 includ+ ?r\gh ! use (      
multiti]$ sy/ems ( supports2  7,,ii7    
provid+ high-quality pr(essional        
developm5t 9 lit]acy in/ruction to      
tea*]s1 includ+--  7aa7 special         
education tea*]s or tea*]s ( /ud5ts :o  
are ,engli% language le>n]s2 &  7bb7    
tea*]s ( core academic subjects2        
7,,iii7 address+ ! lit]acy ne$s ( *ildr5

 & /ud5ts ) disabilities & ,engli%      
language le>n]s s]v$ by ! eligible      
entity2 &  7,,iv7 provid+ tra9+ to p>5ts
 s t ! p>5ts c p>ticipate 9 ! lit]acy   
relat$ activities describ$ "u sections  
#g & #h to assi/ 9 ! language & lit]acy 
developm5t ( _! *ildr54  7,d7 ,key data 
metrics ,a description ( ! key data     
metrics t w be collect$ & report$       
annually "u section #aa7;b77#a77;,e74   
7,e7 ,national evaluation ,an assurance 
t ! ,/ate educational ag5cy1 ! ,/ate    
ag5cy t aw>ds subgrants "u section #g1 &
 any eligible entity receiv+ a subgrant 
"u section #g or #h1 w1 if reque/$1     
p>ticipate 9 ! national evaluation "u   
section #aj4  7,f7 ,priority ,an        
assurance t ! ,/ate educational ag5cy & 
! ,/ate ag5cy t ov]sees *ild c>e        
programs1 z appropriate1 %all prioritize
 aw>d+ subgrants--  7i7 "u section #g1  
bas$ on ! p]c5tage ( l[-income *ildr5   
propos$ to be s]v$ by ! applicant2 &    
7ii7 "u section #h1 bas$ on ! numb] or  
p]c5tage ( *ildr5 c\nt$ "u section      

#aabd7;c7 ( ! ,elem5t>y & ,second>y     
,education ,act ( #aife 7#bj ,u4,s4,c4  
#fccc7;c77 propos$ to be s]v$ by !      
applicant4  #g4 ,subgrants to eligible  
entities 9 support ( lit]acy = *ildr5 f 
bir? ?r\gh k9d]g>t5 entry  7a7          
,subgrants ,a ,/ate educational ag5cy   
%all provide ! funds provid$ "u section 
#d7;a77#b77;,a7 to ! ,/ate ag5cy t      
ov]sees *ild c>e programs1 :o %all aw>d 
subgrants1 on a competitive basis1 9    
consultation ) ! ,/ate ,advisory ,c\ncil
 on ,e>ly ,*ildhood ,education & ,c>e & 
o!r ,/ate e>ly *ildhood ag5cies1 to     
eligible entities to enable ! eligible  
entities to c>ry out ! activities       
describ$ 9 subsection 7e74  7b7         
,suffici5t size & scope ,ea* subgrant   
aw>d$ "u ?is section %all be ( suffici5t
 size & scope to all[ ! eligible entity 
to c>ry out ! activities describ$ 9     
subsection 7e74  7c7 ,local             
,applications ,an eligible entity t     
desires to receive a subgrant "u ?is    
section %all submit an application to ! 

,/ate ag5cy t ov]sees *ild c>e programs1
 at su* "t1 9 su* mann]1 & includ+ su*  
in=mation z su* ag5cy may require4 ,su* 
application %all include a description  
(--  7#a7 a ne$s assessm5t1 includ+ an  
analysis ( data on *ild lit]acy z       
applicable2  7#b7 an implem5tation plan 
t utilizes ! ne$s assessm5t describ$ 9  
p>agraph #a t id5tifies a basel9e level 
( lit]acy & e>ly lit]acy skills1 z well 
z b5*m>ks = mak+ improvem5ts & monitor+ 
progress2  7#c7 ! programs assi/$ "u !  
subgrant1 includ+ demographic &         
socioeconomic in=mation on ! *ildr5 f   
bir? ?r\gh k9d]g>t5 entry enroll$ 9 !   
programs2  7#d7 a budget = ! eligible   
entity t projects ! co/ ( develop+ &    
implem5t+ lit]acy initiatives to c>ry   
out ! activities describ$ 9 subsection  
7e72  7#e7 h[ ! subgrant funds w be us$ 
to enhance ! language & lit]acy aspects 
( s*ool read9ess ( *ildr5 f bir? ?r\gh  
k9d]g>t5 entry 9 e>ly *ildhood education
 programs2  7#f7 h[ ! subgrant funds w  
be us$ to prep>e & provide ongo+        

assi/ance to /aff 9 ! programs1 ?r\gh   
pr(essional developm5t focus$ on !      
ess5tial compon5ts ( e>ly lit]acy       
in/ruction1 includ+ onsite int5sive     
m5tor+ by e>ly *ildhood lit]acy coa*es  
to provide high-quality lit]acy         
activities bas$ on sci5tifically valid  
rese>* on *ild developm5t & le>n+ =     
*ildr5 f bir? ?r\gh k9d]g>t5 entry2     
7#g7 h[ ! subgrant funds w be us$ to    
provide s]vices1 incorporate activities1
 & select & use lit]acy in/ructional    
mat]ials t are bas$ on sci5tifically    
valid rese>* on *ild developm5t & e>ly  
le>n+2  7#h7 h[ ! subgrant funds w be   
us$ to provide--  7,a7 scre5+ assessm5ts
 or o!r appropriate measures--  7i7 to  
effectively id5tify *ildr5 f bir? ?r\gh 
k9d]g>t5 entry :o may be at risk =      
delay$ developm5t or lat] academic      
difficulties2 &  7ii7 to det]m9e :e!r   
su* *ildr5 are develop+ ! fundam5tal k  
necess>y = lit]acy1 engagem5t1          
developm5t1 & a*ievem5t 9 k9d]g>t5 &    
beyond2 &  7,b7 diagno/ic assessm5ts1 z 

appropriate1 to det]m9e ! ne$ =         
additional s]vices2  7,c7 classroom-bas$
 in/ructional assessm5ts2 &  7,d7 o!r   
appropriate assessm5ts ( developm5tal   
progress2  7#i7 h[ ! subgrant funds w be
 us$ to help in/ructional /aff 9 !      
programs assi/$ "u ! subgrant to m      
effectively meet ! div]se developm5tal &
 l+ui/ic ne$s ( *ildr5 f bir? ?r\gh     
k9d]g>t5 entry 9 ! community1 includ+ ! 
ne$s ( ,engli% language le>n]s & *ildr5 
) disabilities2  7#aj7 h[ ! subgrant    
funds w be us$ to ensure t p>5ts receive
 in/ruction--  7,a7 on _! *ildr5's e>ly 
lit]acy developm5t2 &  7,b7 on h[ p>5ts 
c support *ildr5's lit]acy developm5t at
 home2  7#aa7 h[ ! subgrant funds w be  
us$ to help *ildr51 p>ticul>ly *ildr5   
exp]i5c+ difficulty ) spok5 & writt5    
language1 to make ! transition f e>ly   
education to =mal classroom in/ruction2 
7#ab7 h[ ! activities assi/$ "u !       
subgrant w be coord9at$ ) lit]acy       
in/ruction at ! k9d]g>t5 ?r\gh grade #c 
levels2  7#ac7 h[ ! eligible entity w-- 

7,a7 evaluate ! success ( ! activities  
support$ "u ! subgrant 9 enhanc+ ! e>ly 
language & lit]acy developm5t ( *ildr5  
s]v$ "u su* subgrant2 &  7,b7 evaluate  
data = program improvem5t2 &  7#ad7 su* 
o!r in=mation z ! ,/ate ag5cy t ov]sees 
*ild c>e programs may require4  7d7     
,approval ( local ,applications ,! ,/ate
 ag5cy t ov]sees *ild c>e programs      
%all--  7#a7 aw>d subgrants to eligible 
entities 9 accordance ) ?is section bas$
 on ! quality ( applications submitt$2 &
  7#b7 prioritize aw>d+ subgrants bas$  
on ! crit]ia describ$ 9 section         
#f7;b77#b77;,f74  7e7 ,local uses (     
funds  7#a7 ,requir$ uses ,an eligible  
entity t receives a subgrant "u ?is     
section %all use ! subgrant funds to    
c>ry out ! foll[+ activities to support 
! developm5t ( e>ly language & lit]acy 9
 *ildr5 f bir? ?r\gh k9d]g>t5 entry3    
7,a7 ,enhance & improve e>ly le>n+      
programs to ensure t *ildr5 9 su*       
programs are provid$ ) high-quality1    
developm5tally appropriate oral         

language1 lit]ature- & pr9t-ri*         
environm5ts4  7,b7 ,provide high-quality
 pr(essional developm5t on h[ *ildr5    
develop language & lit]acy skills       
7includ+ *ildr5 ) disabilities & ,engli%
 language le>n]s71 & ! selection &      
integration ( developm5tally1           
l+ui/ically1 & culturally appropriate   
lit]acy in/ructional /rategies1         
activities1 & mat]ials1 :i* may include 
! use ( an e>ly lit]acy coa* = ! /aff ( 
! eligible entity1 9 su* entity's       
curriculum & activities4  7,c7 ,acquire1
 provide tra9+ =1 & implem5t1 z         
appropriate--  7i7 scre5+ assessm5ts or 
o!r appropriate measures to det]m9e :e!r
 *ildr5 f bir? ?r\gh k9d]g>t5 entry are 
develop+ appropriate e>ly language &    
lit]acy skills2  7ii7 diagno/ic         
assessm5ts1 z appropriate1 to det]m9e ! 
ne$ = additional s]vices2 &  7iii7      
classroom-bas$ in/ructional assessm5ts4 
7,d7 ,acquire1 z appropriate1 &         
integrate evid5ce-bas$ in/ructional     
mat]ials1 activities1 tools1 & measures 

into ! e>ly le>n+ programs (f]$ by !    
eligible entity to improve developm5t ( 
*ildr5's e>ly language & lit]acy skills4
  7#b7 ,all[able uses ,an eligible      
entity t receives a subgrant "u ?is     
section may use ! subgrant funds to c>ry
 out ei!r or bo? ( ! foll[+ activities  
to support ! developm5t ( e>ly language 
& lit]acy 9 *ildr5 f bir? ?r\gh k9d]g>t5
 entry3  7,a7 ,select+1 develop+1 &     
implem5t+ a multiti] sy/em ( supports4  
7,b7 ,provid+ activities t enc\rage     
family lit]acy exp]i5ces & practices &  
educate p>5ts ( *ildr5 enroll$ 9 a      
program receiv+ funds "u ?is section on 
! developm5t ( _! *ildr5's e>ly lit]acy 
skills4  7f7 ,prohibition ,! use (      
assessm5t items & data on any assessm5t 
au?oriz$ "u ?is section to provide      
rew>ds or sanctions = individual *ildr51
 e>ly le>n+ provid]s1 program directors1
 or pr9cipals is prohibit$4  #h4        
,subgrants to eligible entities 9       
support ( lit]acy = /ud5ts 9 k9d]g>t5   
?r\gh grade #ab  7a7 ,subgrants ,a ,/ate

 educational ag5cy %all use !           
implem5tation grant funds provid$ "u    
section #d7;a77#b77;,b7 to aw>d         
subgrants1 on a competitive basis1 to   
eligible entities to enable ! eligible  
entities to c>ry out ! activities       
describ$ 9 subsection 7e74  7b7         
,suffici5t size & scope ,ea* subgrant   
aw>d$ "u ?is section %all be ( suffici5t
 size & scope to all[ ! eligible entity 
to c>ry out ! activities describ$ 9     
subsection 7e74  7c7 ,local             
,applications ,an eligible entity desir+
 to receive a subgrant "u ?is section   
%all submit an application to ! ,/ate   
educational ag5cy at su* "t1 9 su*      
mann]1 & conta9+ su* in=mation z ! ,/ate
 educational ag5cy may require4 ,su*    
application %all include1 ! foll[+      
in=mation3  7#a7 ,capacity survey       
,results ( ! eligible entity's capacity 
survey t--  7,a7 id5tify--  7i7 ! /r5g?s
 & weaknesses ( su* entity relat$ to    
lit]acy2  7ii7 h[ subgrant funds w be   
us$ to in=m & improve lit]acy in/ruction

 )9 su* entity2 &  7iii7 ! demographic &
 socioeconomic in=mation on ! /ud5ts    
enroll$ 9 su* entity2 &  7,b7 include an
 analysis1 disaggregat$ by ! subgr\ps   
describ$ 9 section                      
#aaaa7;b77#b77;,c77v77,,ii7 ( !         
,elem5t>y & ,second>y ,education ,act ( 
#aife 7#bj ,u4,s4,c4                    
#fcaa7;b77#b77;,c77v77,,ii77 & by grade 
level1 (--  7i7 ,/ate scores on ! read+ 
or language arts assessm5ts conduct$ "u 
section #aaaa7;b77#c7 ( ! ,elem5t>y &   
,second>y ,education ,act ( #aife 7#bj  
,u4,s4,c4 #fcaa7;b77#c772  7ii7         
,national ,assessm5t ( ,educational     
,progress read+ scores1 z appropriate2  
7iii7 ! p]c5tage ( /ud5ts 9 ne$ ( read+ 
& writ+ rem$iation2  7iv7 core c\rse    
pass+ & failure rates = second>y s*ool  
/ud5ts2  7v7 cr$it accumulation =       
second>y s*ool /ud5ts2 &  7vi7          
graduation rates4  7#b7 ,pr(essional    
developm5t ,h[ ea* p>ticipat+ s*ool1    
eligible entity1 or a provid] (         
high-quality pr(essional developm5t w   

provide ongo+ high-quality pr(essional  
developm5t 9 language developm5t1       
,engli% language acquisition 7z         
appropriate71 & lit]acy in/ruction to   
all tea*]s1 pr9cipals1 & o!r s*ool      
lead]s s]v$ by ! s*ool4  7#c7           
,int]v5tions ,h[ ea* p>ticipat+ s*ool w 
id5tify /ud5ts 9 ne$ ( int]v5tions &    
provide appropriate sci5tifically valid 
in/ructional int]v5tions or o!r s]vices 
:i* may include "o-on-"o in/ruction &   
ext5d$ le>n+ "t = /ruggl+ /ud5ts4  7#d7 
,budget ,a budget = ea* p>ticipat+ s*ool
 t projects ! co/ ( develop+ & implem5t+
 lit]acy initiatives to c>ry out !      
activities describ$ 9 subsection 7e74   
7#e7 ,integration ,an explanation ( h[  
ea* p>ticipat+ s*ool w integrate lit]acy
 in/ruction into core academic subjects4
  7#f7 ,coord9ation ,a description ( h[ 
ea* p>ticipat+ s*ool w coord9ate lit]acy
 in/ruction ) e>ly education1 aft]-s*ool
 programs1 & o!r programs s]v+ /ud5ts 9 
! s*ool1 su* z libr>y programs1 z       
appropriate4  7#g7 ,assessm5ts ,a       

description ( ! scre5+1 diagno/ic1      
=mative1 & summative assessm5ts t w be  
us$ 9 an assessm5t sy/em to improve     
lit]acy in/ruction & track /ud5t lit]acy
 progress4  7#h7 ,families & c>egiv]s ,a
 description ( h[ ! families & c>egiv]s 
w be involv$ 9 support+ _! *ildr5's     
lit]acy in/ruction & assessm5t4  7#i7   
,initiatives ,a description ( ! lit]acy 
& o!r academic initiatives1 if any1 9   
place & h[ ^! initiatives w be coord9at$
 & integrat$ ) activities support$ "u   
?is section4  7#aj7 ,p>ticipation 9     
evaluation ,an assurance t ! eligible   
entity w1 if reque/$1 p>ticipate 9 !    
national evaluation describ$ 9 section  
#aj4  7d7 ,approval ( local             
,applications ,! ,/ate educational ag5cy
 %all--  7#a7 aw>d subgrants to eligible
 entities 9 accordance ) ?is section    
bas$ on ! quality ( applications        
submitt$2 &  7#b7 prioritize aw>d+      
subgrants to eligible entities bas$ on !
 crit]ia describ$ 9 section             
#f7;b77#b77;,f74  7e7 ,local uses (     

funds = k9d]g>t5 ?r\gh grade #ab  7#a7  
,requir$ uses ,an eligible entity t     
receives a subgrant "u ?is section %all 
use ! subgrant funds to c>ry out !      
foll[+ activities = /ud5ts 9 k9d]g>t5   
?r\gh grade #ab3  7,a7 ,develop &       
implem5t a lit]acy initiative t--  7i7  
includes all ( ! ess5tial compon5ts (   
read+ & writ+ in/ruction2  7ii7 supports
 activities t are provid$ prim>ily dur+ 
! regul> s*ool day b :i* may be augm5t$ 
by in/ruction dur+ nons*ool h\rs or     
p]iods :5 s*ool is n 9 session 7su* z   
be=e & aft] s*ool or dur+ summ] recess72
  7iii7 integrates lit]acy in/ruction   
into core academic subjects &1 to !     
ext5t practicable1 o!r subjects taught 9
 a s*ool1 su* z c>e] & te*nical         
education2 &  7iv7 addresses ! lit]acy  
ne$s ( ,engli% language le>n]s & /ud5ts 
) disabilities4  7,b7 ,=m s*ool lit]acy 
lead]%ip teams to help implem5t1 assess1
 & id5tify *anges to ! lit]acy          
initiative4  7,c7 ,provide high-quality1
 developm5tally appropriate oral        

language1 includ+ li/5+ & speak+1       
lit]ature1 & pr9t-ri* classroom         
environm5ts4  7,d7 ,provide high-quality
 pr(essional developm5t = in/ructional  
/aff1 includ+ lit]acy coa*es & tea*]s ( 
/ud5ts ) disabilities & ,engli% language
 le>n]s4  7,e7 ,select & adm9i/] scre5+ 
& diagno/ic assessm5ts & support tea*]s'
 use ( =mative assessm5ts & assessm5t   
data to plan in/ruction4  7,f7 ,select &
 implem5t a multiti] sy/em ( supports t 
includes int5sive1 supplem5tal          
int]v5tions = /ud5ts4  7,g7 ,provide    
tra9+ to pr9cipals & o!r s*ool & di/rict
 p]sonnel 9 implem5t+ ! lit]acy         
initiative1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! areas (--    
7i7 utiliz+ data2  7ii7 assess+ !       
quality ( lit]acy in/ruction across     
cont5t areas2 &  7iii7 provid+ "t &     
support = tea*]s to plan lit]acy        
in/ruction4  7,h7 ,provide family       
lit]acy s]vices = /ud5ts & _! p>5ts1    
includ+ tra9+ to enable families &      
c>egiv]s to support ! lit]acy           
initiative4  7,i7 ,promote writ+        

exp]i5ces & implem5t programs t in/ruct 
& engage /ud5ts 9 practic+ writ+ =      
multiple audi5ces & purposes appropriate
 to ! int]e/s & capacities ( /ud5ts4    
7,j7 ,annually collect1 analyze1 &      
report data to ! ,/ate educational      
ag5cy4  7#b7 ,all[able uses ,an eligible
 entity t receives a subgrant "u ?is    
section may use ! subgrant funds to c>ry
 out ! foll[+ activities = /ud5ts 9     
k9d]g>t5 ?r\gh grade #ab3  7,a7 ,acquire
 & utilize developm5tally appropriate   
in/ructional mat]ials bas$ on           
sci5tifically valid rese>*1 includ+     
mat]ials t utilize te*nology4  7,b7     
,hire & tra9 lit]acy coa*es4  7,c7      
,promote read+1 libr>y1 & writ+ programs
 t provide access to engag+ read+       
mat]ial 9 s*ool & at home4  7,d7        
,connect out-(-s*ool le>n+ opportunities
 to 9-s*ool le>n+1 includ+ ! alignm5t ( 
aft]-s*ool activities ) 9-s*ool         
curricula1 9 ord] to improve ! lit]acy  
a*ievem5t ( /ud5ts4  7,e7 ,=m an act+   
p>tn]%ip ) #a or m public or private    

nonpr(it organizations t h a demon/rat$ 
record ( effectiv5ess 9 improv+ lit]acy 
developm5t or provid+ pr(essional       
developm5t align$ ) ! activities        
describ$ 9 ?is subsection4  7,f7        
,provid+ "t = tea*]s & s*ool libr>ians  
to meet to plan lit]acy in/ruction1 z   
appropriate4  7f7 ,limitation to c]ta9  
s*ools ,an eligible entity receiv+ a    
subgrant "u ?is section %all1 9         
di/ribut+ subgrant funds "u ?is         
subsection1 provide ! subgrant funds    
only to s*ools1 includ+ public *>t]     
s*ools1 t--  7#a7 are among ! s*ools    
s]v$ by ! eligible entity ) ! highe/    
numb]s or p]c5tages ( /ud5ts 9 grades   
k9d]g>t5 ?r\gh #ab read+ & writ+ bel[   
grade level1 bas$ on ! mo/ curr5t ,/ate 
data z available2 &  7#b7 h ! highe/    
numb]s or p]c5tages ( *ildr5 c\nt$ "u   
section #aabd7;c7 ( ! ,elem5t>y &       
,second>y ,education ,act ( #aife 7#bj  
,u4,s4,c4 #fccc7;c774  #i4 ,additional  
,/ate activities  7a7 ,requir$          
activities ,a ,/ate educational ag5cy1 9

 consultation ) ! ,/ate ag5cy t ov]sees 
*ild c>e programs1 %all use funds made  
available "u section #d7;a77#b77;,c7 &  
describ$ 9 section #f7;a77#a77;,d7 to   
c>ry out ea* ( ! foll[+ activities3     
7#a7 ,provid+ te*nical assi/ance or     
engag+ qualifi$ provid]s to provide su* 
assi/ance1 to assi/ eligible entities to
 design & implem5t lit]acy initiatives4 
7#b7 ,id5tify+ & support+ high-quality  
pr(essional developm5t 9 lit]acy        
in/ruction = eligible entities4  7#c7   
,coord9at+ activities "u ?is ,act )     
read+1 writ+1 & o!r lit]acy res\rces &  
programs across ! ,/ate4  7#d7          
,dissem9at+ in=mation1 includ+ mak+     
publicly available on ! ,web sites ( !  
,/ate educational ag5cy & ! ,/ate ag5cy 
t ov]sees *ild c>e programs1 on promis+ 
practices to improve *ildr5's e>ly      
lit]acy & language developm5t & /ud5t   
lit]acy a*ievem5t4  7#e7 ,review+ &     
develop+ recomm5dations 9 collaboration 
) tea*]s1 e>ly *ildhood provid]s1       
/atewide educational & pr(essional      

organizations repres5t+ tea*]s1 &       
/atewide & educational & pr(essional    
organizations repres5t+ in/itutions (   
high] education1 to /r5g!n ,/ate        
lic5sure & c]tification /&>ds = lit]acy 
in/ruction 9 e>ly education ?r\gh grade 
#ab4  7#f7 ,coord9at+ ) in/itutions (   
high] education 9 ! ,/ate to /r5g!n &   
enhance pre-s]vice c\rse "w = /ud5ts    
prep>+ to tea* lit]acy to *ildr5 &      
/ud5ts f bir? ?r\gh grade #ab4  7#g7    
,adm9i/ration & report+4  7b7 ,p]missive
 activities ,a ,/ate educational ag5cy1 
9 collaboration ) ! ,/ate ag5cy t       
ov]sees *ild c>e programs1 may use funds
 made available "u section              
#d7;a77#b77;,c7 & describ$ 9 section    
#f7;a77#a77;,d7 to c>ry out "o or m ( ! 
foll[+ activities3  7#a7 ,tra9+ p]sonnel
 ( eligible entities to use data sy/ems 
to track /ud5t lit]acy a*ievem5t4  7#b7 
,develop+ & provid+ tra9+ to lit]acy    
coa*es1 includ+ lit]acy coa*es )        
exp]tise 9 e>ly lit]acy developm5t1     
language developm5t1 & adolesc5t        

lit]acy4  #aj4 ,national evaluation1    
in=mation dissem9ation1 & te*nical      
assi/ance  7a7 ,national evaluation     
7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,f funds res]v$ "u        
p>agraph 7#a77;,a77i7 or 7#b77;,a77i7 ( 
section #d7;b71 ! ,secret>y %all p]=m a 
#e-ye> national evaluation ( ! grant &  
subgrant programs assi/$ "u ?is ,act by 
ent]+ into "o or m contracts or         
coop]ative agreem5ts ) indep5d5t        
organizations4 ,su* evaluation %all     
include sci5tifically valid rese>* t    
applies rigor\s & sy/ematic proc$ures to
 obta9 in=mation relevant to !          
implem5tation & effect ( ! programs     
assi/$ "u ?is ,act4  7#b7 ,cont5ts (    
evaluation ,! evaluation describ$ 9 ?is 
subsection %all include an analysis (   
ea* ( ! foll[+3  7,a7 ,impact ,! impact 
( lit]acy initiatives support$ "u ?is   
,act on improv+ e>ly lit]acy skills &   
/ud5t academic outcomes1 includ+ /ud5t  
lit]acy developm5t 9 read+ & writ+1     
/ud5t lit]acy developm5t 9 o!r academic 
cont5t areas1 grade promotion1 &        

graduation4  7,b7 ,implem5tation ( core 
features ,! fidelity ( implem5tation (  
core program features1 su* z coh]5ce (  
program across grades1 quality (        
te*nical assi/ance1 ,/ate & s*ool       
di/rict lead]%ip1 pr(essional developm5t
 = tea*]s & adm9i/rators1 use ( quality 
mat]ials & p$agogy1 & use ( assessm5t4  
7,c7 ,o!r inquiries ,o!r inquiries z    
designat$ by ! ,secret>y1 su* z--  7i7 !
 types ( lit]acy initiatives t h        
demon/rat$ ! greate/ impact on /ud5t    
a*ievem5t2  7ii7 h[ ,/ate /&>ds1 local  
educational ag5cy & s*ool curricula1    
assessm5ts1 & int]v5tions comb9e to     
improve lit]acy2  7iii7 h[ scre5+1      
diagno/ic1 & =mative assessm5ts ( read+ 
& writ+ assi/ tea*]s 9 id5tify+ /ud5ts' 
read+ & writ+ ne$s2  7iv7 h[ job-emb$d$1
 ongo+1 high-quality pr(essional        
developm5t improves tea*] practice &    
increases lit]acy skills ( *ildr5 &     
/ud5ts2  7v7 ! types ( lit]acy          
activities t improve ! e>ly read+1      
writ+1 & language skills ( *ildr5 f bir?

 ?r\gh k9d]g>t5 entry2  7vi7 h[ e>ly    
le>n+ provid]s are be+ prep>$ )         
sci5tifically valid rese>* on e>ly      
*ildhood lit]acy & lit]acy developm5t2  
7vii7 h[ e>ly lit]acy in/ructional      
mat]ials & activities bas$ on           
sci5tifically valid rese>* are be+      
integrat$ into pres*ools1 *ild c>e      
programs & programs c>ri$ out "u ! ,head
 ,/>t ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #ihca et      
seq471 & family lit]acy programs2       
7viii7 ! impact ( adolesc5t lit]acy     
initiatives on /ud5t motivation1        
engagem5t1 & p>ticipation 9 adolesc5t   
lit]acy activities2  7ix7 ! impact (    
lit]acy initiatives on div]se le>n]s1   
includ+ ,engli% language le>n]s2  7x7 ! 
relation%ip betwe5 /ud5ts' lit]acy      
a*ievem5t & second>y s*ool graduation   
rates2 &  7xi7 effective /rategies to   
integrate s*ool & public libr>y programs
 to improve lit]acy4  7#c7 ,reports     
7,a7 ,int]im report ,n lat] ?an #b ye>s 
aft] ! date ( ! enactm5t ( ?is ,act1 !  
,secret>y %all submit to ! ,congress an 

int]im report on ! national evaluation  
conduct$ "u ?is subsection4  7,b7 ,f9al 
report ,n lat] ?an #e ye>s aft] ! date (
 ! enactm5t ( ?is ,act1 ! ,secret>y %all
 submit a f9al report conta9+ ! results 
( ! national evaluation conduct$ "u ?is 
subsection to--  7i7 ,/ate educational  
ag5cies & eligible entities on a p]iodic
 basis = use 9 program improvem5t2 &    
7ii7 ! ,congress4  7b7 ,in=mation       
dissem9ation & te*nical assi/ance  7#a7 
,9 g5]al ,f am\nts res]v$ "u p>agraph   
7#a77;,a77i7 or 7#b77;,a77i7 ( section  
#d7;b71 ! ,secret>y %all1 9             
collaboration ) ! ,secret>y ( ,heal? &  
,human ,s]vices1 ! ,director ( !        
,national ,in/itute ( ,*ild ,heal? &    
,human ,developm5t1 regional educational
 laboratories e/abli%$ "u section #agd (
 ! ,education ,sci5ces ,re=m ,act (     
#bjjb 7#bj ,u4,s4,c4 #iefd71 & !        
compreh5sive c5t]s e/abli%$ "u section  
#bjc ( ! ,educational ,te*nical         
,assi/ance ,act ( #bjjb 7#bj ,u4,s4,c4  
#ifjb71 di/ribute in=mation & provide   

te*nical assi/ance on lit]acy           
in/ruction1 includ+--  7,a7 in=mation on
 lit]acy in/ruction & ! impact ( !      
in/ruction on--  7i7 /ud5t a*ievem5t1   
motivation1 & engagem5t = lit]acy2 &    
7ii7 /ud5t graduation ) a second>y s*ool
 diploma2  7,b7 in=mation on elem5ts (  
job-emb$d$1 ongo+1 high-quality         
pr(essional developm5t t improves       
lit]acy a*ievem5t 9 *ildr5 & /ud5ts 9   
e>ly education ?r\gh grade #ab2 &  7,c7 
in=mation on s*ools1 eligible entities1 
& ,/ates t h successfully improv$       
lit]acy a*ievem5t 9 e>ly education ?r\gh
 grade #ab4  7#b7 ,dissem9ation &       
coord9ation ,! ,secret>y %all dissem9ate
 & make publicly available ! in=mation  
describ$ 9 p>agraph 7#a7 to--  7,a7     
recipi5ts ( ,f$]al f9ancial assi/ance "u
 ?is ,act1 "p ,a ( title ,i ( !         
,elem5t>y & ,second>y ,education ,act ( 
#aife 7#bj ,u4,s4,c4 #fcaa et seq471 !  
,head ,/>t ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #ihca et 
seq471 ! ,individuals ) ,disabilities   
,education ,act 7#bj ,u4,s4,c4 #adjj et 

seq471 & ! ,adult ,education & ,family  
,lit]acy ,act 7#bj ,u4,s4,c4 #ibja et   
seq472 &  7,b7 ea* s*ool op]at$ or fund$
 by ! ,bureau ( ,indian ,education4     
7#c7 ,use ( networks ,9 c>ry+ out ?is   
subsection1 ! ,secret>y %all1 to ! ext5t
 practicable1 use in=mation &           
dissem9ation networks develop$ & ma9ta9$
 ?r\gh o!r public & private entities4   
#aa4 ,consequ5ces ( insuffici5t         
progress1 report+ requirem5ts1 &        
conflicts ( int]e/  7a7 ,consequ5ces (  
insuffici5t progress  7#a7 ,consequ5ces 
= grant recipi5ts ,if ! ,secret>y       
det]m9es t a ,/ate educational ag5cy    
receiv+ an aw>d "u section #d7;b7 or an 
eligible entity receiv+ a subgrant "u   
section #g or #h is n mak+ significant  
progress 9 meet+ ! purposes ( ?is ,act  
aft] ! submission ( a report describ$ 9 
subsection 7b71 !n ! ,secret>y may      
)hold1 9 :ole or 9 "p1 fur!r paym5ts "u 
?is ,act 9 accordance ) section #dee ( !
 ,g5]al ,education ,provisions ,act 7#bj
 ,u4,s4,c4 #abcd;d7 or take su* o!r     

action au?oriz$ by law z ! ,secret>y    
det]m9es necess>y1 includ+ provid+      
te*nical assi/ance ^u reque/ ( ! ,/ate  
educational ag5cy1 or eligible entity1  
respectively4  7#b7 ,consequ5ces =      
subgrant recipi5ts ,a ,/ate educational 
ag5cy or ,/ate ag5cy t ov]sees *ild c>e 
programs1 z appropriate1 receiv+ an aw>d
 "u section #d7;b7 may refuse to aw>d   
subgrant funds to an eligible entity "u 
section #g or #h if su* ,/ate ag5cy f9ds
 t ! eligible entity is n mak+          
significant progress 9 meet+ ! purposes 
( ?is ,act1 aft]--  7,a7 provid+        
te*nical assi/ance to ! eligible entity2
 &  7,b7 af=d+ ! eligible entity notice 
& an opportunity = a he>+4  7b7 ,report+
 requirem5ts  7#a7 ,/ate educational    
ag5cy reports ,ea* ,/ate educational    
ag5cy receiv+ an aw>d "u section #f %all
 report annually to ! ,secret>y reg>d+ !
 ,/ate educational ag5cy's progress & ! 
progress ( ! ,/ate ag5cy t ov]sees *ild 
c>e programs 9 address+ ! purposes ( ?is
 ,act4 ,su* report %all include1 at a   

m9imum1 a description (--  7,a7 !       
pr(essional developm5t activities       
provid$ "u ! aw>d1 includ+ types (      
activities & entities involv$ 9 provid+ 
pr(essional developm5t to e>ly *ildhood 
provid]s1 classroom tea*]s1 & o!r       
in/ructional /aff2  7,b7 in/ruction1    
/rategies1 activities1 curricula1       
mat]ials1 & assessm5ts us$ 9 ! programs 
fund$ "u ! aw>d2  7,c7 ! types (        
programs & program sett+s = *ildr5 y\ng]
 ?an k9d]g>t5 entry fund$ "u ! aw>d & ! 
ages1 grade levels1 & demographic       
in=mation ( *ildr5 s]v$ by ! programs   
fund$ "u ! aw>d1 except t individually  
id5tifiable in=mation %all n be includ$2
  7,d7 ! exp]i5ce & qualifications ( !  
in/ructional /aff :o provide lit]acy    
in/ruction "u ! programs fund$ "u !     
aw>d1 includ+ ! exp]i5ce &              
qualifications ( ^? /aff work+ ) *ildr5 
) disabilities1 ,engli% language le>n]s1
 & *ildr5 y\ng] ?an k9d]g>t5 entry2     
7,e7 key data metrics us$ = lit]acy     
initiatives2  7,f7 /ud5t p]=mance on    

relevant program metrics1 z id5tifi$ 9 !
 ,/ate education ag5cy's implem5tation  
plan "u section #f7;b77#b77;,c71 su* z--
  7i7 ! numb] ( /ud5ts read+ & writ+ on 
grade level by ! end ( ! ?ird grade1    
disaggregat$ by ! subgr\ps describ$ 9   
section #aaaa7;b77#b77;,c77v77,,ii7 ( ! 
,elem5t>y & ,second>y ,education ,act ( 
#aife 7#bj ,u4,s4,c4                    
#fcaa7;b77#b77;,c77v77,,ii772 &  7ii7 ! 
in/ruction & activities deliv]$ to      
at-risk /ud5ts s]v$ "u ! aw>d2 &  7,g7 !
 outcomes ( programs & activities       
provid$ "u ! aw>d4  7#b7 ,eligible      
entity reports ,ea* eligible entity     
receiv+ a subgrant "u section #g or #h  
%all report annually to ! ,/ate         
educational ag5cy or ! ,/ate ag5cy t    
ov]sees *ild c>e programs1 z            
appropriate1 reg>d+ ! eligible entity's 
progress 9 address+ ! purposes ( ?is    
,act4 ,su* report %all include1 at a    
m9imum1 a description (--  7,a7 h[ !    
subgrant funds 7 us$2  7,b7 ! degree (  
appropriate developm5tal progress or    

lit]acy a*ievem5t gr[? ( /ud5ts1 includ+
 *ildr5 :o are ,engli% language le>n]s &
 *ildr5 ) disabilities1 assi/$ "u !     
subgrant2  7,c7 ! pr(essional developm5t
 ( activities provid$ "u ! aw>d1 includ+
 types ( activities & entities involv$ 9
 provid+ pr(essional developm5t to e>ly 
*ildhood provid]s1 classroom tea*]s1 &  
o!r in/ructional /aff2  7,d7 in/ruction1
 /rategies1 activities1 curricula1      
mat]ials1 & assessm5ts us$ 9 ! programs 
fund$ "u ! aw>d2  7,e7 ! types (        
programs fund$ "u ! aw>d & ! ages1 grade
 levels1 & demographic in=mation (      
*ildr5 s]v$ by ! programs fund$ "u !    
aw>d1 except t individually id5tifiable 
in=mation %all n be includ$2  7,f7 !    
exp]i5ce & qualifications ( !           
in/ructional /aff :o provide lit]acy    
in/ruction "u ! programs fund$ "u !     
aw>d1 includ+ ! exp]i5ce &              
qualifications ( ^? /aff work+ ) *ildr5 
) disabilities & ) ,engli% language     
le>n]s2  7,g7 key data metrics us$ =    
lit]acy initiatives2  7,h7 /ud5t        

p]=mance on relevant program metrics1 z 
id5tifi$ 9 ! ,/ate education ag5cy's    
implem5tation plan "u section           
#f7;b77#b77;,c71 su* z--  7i7 ! numb] ( 
/ud5ts read+ & writ+ on grade level by !
 end ( ! ?ird grade1 disaggregat$ by !  
subgr\ps describ$ 9 section             
#aaaa7;b77#b77;,c77v77,,ii7 ( !         
,elem5t>y & ,second>y ,education ,act ( 
#aife 7#bj ,u4,s4,c4                    
#fcaa7;b77#b77;,c77v77,,ii772 &  7ii7 ! 
in/ruction & activities deliv]$ to      
at-risk /ud5ts s]v$ "u ! aw>d2  7,i7 !  
outcomes ( programs & activities provid$
 "u ! aw>d2 &  7,j7 ! results ( an      
ext]nal evaluation1 if ! ,secret>y      
det]m9es applicable4  7c7 ,conflicts (  
int]e/  7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,n lat] ?an #cj   
days aft] ! date ( ! enactm5t ( ?is     
,act1 ! ,secret>y ( ,education %all     
create & implem5t proc$ures--  7,a7 to  
assess :e!r a cov]$ individual or entity
 has a pot5tial conflict ( int]e/2 &    
7,b7 to require ! disclosure &          
mitigation ( any su* conflict ( int]e/  

to ensure ! integrity ( ! relat$        
program4  7#b7 ,evaluation by !         
comptroll] g5]al  7,a7 ,9 g5]al ,n lat] 
?an #fj days aft] ! creation ( !        
proc$ures describ$ 9 p>agraph 7#a71 !   
,comptroll] ,g5]al ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates    
%all report to ! ,committee on          
,education & ,labor ( ! ,h\se (         
,repres5tatives & ! ,committee on       
,heal?1 ,education1 ,labor1 & ,p5sions (
 ! ,s5ate on ! adequacy ( su* proc$ures 
to id5tify1 disclose1 & manage conflicts
 ( int]e/4  7,b7 ,updates ,beg9n+ n less
 ?an #f mon?s aft] ! report describ$ 9  
subp>agraph 7,a7 is fil$1 ! ,comptroll] 
,g5]al %all evaluate ! ,dep>tm5t's      
implem5tation ( ! proc$ures describ$ 9  
p>agraph 7#a7 & report to ! ,committee  
on ,education & ,labor ( ! ,h\se (      
,repres5tatives & ! ,committee on       
,heal?1 ,education1 ,labor1 & ,p5sions (
 ! ,s5ate e #f mon?s to ensure t !      
,dep>tm5t has adequately implem5t$ su*  
proc$ures4 ,! ,comptroll] ,g5]al %all   
include 9 ! reports any recomm5dations =

 modifications to su* proc$ures t !     
,comptroll] ,g5]al det]m9es are         
appropriate to prop]ly id5tify1         
disclose1 & manage conflicts ( int]e/4  
7#c7 ,def9itions ,= ! purposes ( ?is    
subsection3  7,a7 ,! t]m cov]$          
individual or entity means--  7i7 an    
(fic] or pr(essional employee ( !       
,dep>tm5t ( ,education2  7ii7 a         
contractor or subcontractor ( !         
,dep>tm5t1 or an individual hir$ by !   
contract$ entity2  7iii7 a memb] ( a pe]
 review panel describ$ 9 section #d7;c72
 or  7iv7 a consultant or advisor to !  
,dep>tm5t4  7,b7 ,! t]m conflict (      
int]e/ means a f9ancial int]e/ or o!r   
self-int]e/ t a reasonable p]son w\ld   
expect to lead to an undue bias1 or !   
appe>ance ( su* bias1 t[>ds a p>ticul>  
product or s]vice pur*as$ )1 gu>ante$ or
 insur$ by1 or "u consid]ation = pur*ase
 )1 or to be gu>ante$ or insur$ by1     
funds adm9i/]$ by ! ,dep>tm5t (         
,education or a contract$ entity ( !    
,dep>tm5t4  #ab4 ,rules ( con/ruction   

7a7 ,/ud5t eligibility ,no?+ 9 ?is ,act 
%all be con/ru$ to prohibit /ud5ts      
eligible = assi/ance "u title ,i or     
,,iii ( ! ,elem5t>y & ,second>y         
,education ,act ( #aife 7#bj ,u4,s4,c4  
#fcja et seq41 #fhja et seq47 or /ud5ts 
eligible = assi/ance "u ! ,individuals )
 ,disabilities ,education ,act 7#bj     
,u4,s4,c4 #adjj et seq47 f receiv+      
lit]acy in/ruction & int]v5tion "u ?is  
,act4  7b7 ,idea evaluation ,!          
assessm5ts requir$ "u ?is ,act %all n be
 con/ru$ to con/itute an evaluation     
requir$ "u ! ,individuals )             
,disabilities ,education ,act 7#bj      
,u4,s4,c4 #adjj et seq474  #ac4         
,def9itions  7a7 ,9 g5]al ,except z     
o!rwise provid$ 9 ?is ,act1 ! t]ms us$ 9
 ?is ,act h ! mean+s giv5 su* t]ms 9    
section #iaja ( ! ,elem5t>y & ,second>y 
,education ,act ( #aife 7#bj ,u4,s4,c4  
#ghja74  7b7 ,o!r t]ms ,9 ?is ,act3     
7#a7 ,*ild ) a disability ,! t]m *ild ) 
a disability has ! same mean+ giv5 ! t]m
 9 section #fjb7c7 ( ! ,individuals )   

,disabilities ,education ,act 7#bj      
,u4,s4,c4 #adja7c774  7#b7              
,classroom-bas$ in/ructional assessm5t  
,! t]m classroom-bas$ in/ructional      
assessm5t means an assessm5t = *ildr5 9 
?ird grade or y\ng] t--  7,a7 is valid &
 reliable = ! age & population ( *ildr5 
s]v$ 9 ! program1 & is us$ to evaluate  
*ildr5's developm5tal progress & le>n+1 
includ+ sy/ematic obs]vations by tea*]s 
( *ildr5 p]=m+ tasks1 includ+ academic &
 lit]>y tasks1 t are "p ( _! daily      
classroom exp]i5ce2 &  7,b7 is us$ to   
improve classroom in/ruction4  7#c7     
,diagno/ic assessm5t ,! t]m diagno/ic   
assessm5t means an assessm5t t--  7,a7  
is developm5tally1 l+ui/ically1 &       
culturally appropriate2  7,b7 is valid1 
reliable1 & bas$ on sci5tifically valid 
rese>* on language1 lit]acy1 & ,engli%  
language acquisition2  7,c7 is us$ = !  
purposes (--  7i7 id5tify+ a /ud5t's    
specific areas ( /r5g?s & weaknesses 9  
oral language & lit]acy2  7ii7 det]m9+  
any difficulties t ! /ud5t may h 9      

language & lit]acy & ! pot5tial cause ( 
su* difficulties2 &  7iii7 help+ to     
det]m9e possible lit]acy int]v5tion     
/rategies & relat$ special ne$s ( !     
/ud5t2 &  7,d7 9 ! case ( "y *ildr51 is 
conduct$ aft] a scre5+ assessm5t t      
id5tifies pot5tial risks = delay$       
developm5t or lat] academic             
difficulties4  7#d7 ,eligible entity ,! 
t]m eligible entity means--  7,a7 :5 us$
 ) respect to *ildr5 f bir? ?r\gh       
k9d]g>t5 entry--  7i7 "o or m local     
educational ag5cies provid+ e>ly le>n+  
programs1 or "o or m public or private  
e>ly le>n+ programs1 s]v+ *ildr5 f bir? 
?r\gh k9d]g>t5 entry1 su* z a ,head ,/>t
 ag5cy1 an ,e>ly ,head ,/>t program1 a  
*ild c>e program1 a ,/ate-fund$         
pre-k9d]g>t5 program1 a public libr>y   
program1 or a family lit]acy program t  
has a demon/rat$ record ( provid+       
effective lit]acy in/ruction = ! age    
gr\p su* ag5cy or program is propos+ to 
s]ve "u section #g2 or  7ii7 "o or m    
local educational ag5cies provid+ e>ly  

le>n+ programs1 or "o or m public or    
private e>ly le>n+ programs1 s]v+ *ildr5
 f bir? ?r\gh k9d]g>t5 entry1 su* z a   
,head ,/>t ag5cy1 an ,e>ly ,head ,/>t   
program1 a *ild c>e program1 a          
,/ate-fund$ pre-k9d]g>t5 program1 a     
public libr>y program1 or a family      
lit]acy program 9 p>tn]%ip ) "o or m    
public or private nonpr(it organizations
 or ag5cies t h a demon/rat$ record (   
effectiv5ess--  7,i7 9 improv+ ! e>ly   
lit]acy developm5t ( *ildr5 f bir? ?r\gh
 k9d]g>t5 entry2 &  7,,ii7 9 provid+    
pr(essional developm5t align$ ) !       
activities describ$ 9 section           
#g7;e77#a72 &  7,b7 :5 us$ ) respect to 
/ud5ts 9 k9d]g>t5 ?r\gh grade #ab1 a    
local educational ag5cy or consortium ( 
local educational ag5cies t--  7i7 is   
among ! local educational ag5cies 9 !   
,/ate ) ! highe/ numb]s or p]c5tages (  
/ud5ts read+ & writ+ bel[ grade level1  
bas$ on ! mo/ curr5t ,/ate data1 :]e    
available2 &  7ii7 has ! highe/ numb]s  
or p]c5tages ( *ildr5 :o are c\nt$ "u   

section #aabd7;c7 ( ! ,elem5t>y &       
,second>y ,education ,act ( #aife 7#bj  
,u4,s4,c4 #fccc7;c771 9 comp>ison to o!r
 local educational ag5cies 9 ! ,/ate4   
7#e7 ,engli% language acquisition  7,a7 
,9 g5]al ,! t]m ,engli% language        
acquisition means ! process by :i* a    
non-native ,engli% speak] acquires      
pr(ici5cy 9 speak+1 li/5+1 read+1 &     
writ+ ! ,engli% language4  7,b7         
,inclusion = engli% language le>n]s 9   
s*ool ,= an ,engli% language le>n] 9    
s*ool1 su* t]m includes n only ! social 
language pr(ici5cy ne$$ to p>ticipate 9 
! s*ool environm5t1 b also ! academic   
language pr(ici5cy ne$$ to acquire      
lit]acy & academic cont5t & demon/rate !
 /ud5t's le>n+4  7#f7 ,engli% language  
le>n] ,! t]m ,engli% language le>n]     
means an individual :o is limit$ ,engli%
 pr(ici5t1 z def9$ 9 section #iaja7be7 (
 ! ,elem5t>y & ,second>y ,education ,act
 ( #aife 7#bj ,u4,s4,c4 #ghja7be774     
7#g7 ,ess5tial compon5ts ( e>ly lit]acy 
in/ruction ,! t]m ess5tial compon5ts (  

e>ly lit]acy in/ruction means provid+1 =
 *ildr5 prior to ! age ( k9d]g>t5 entry1
 int]active exp]i5ces 9 a pr9t- &       
lit]acy-ri* environm5t t promote !      
developm5t (--  7,a7 oral language1     
includ+ vocabul>y1 gramm>1 & syntax2    
7,b7 motivational aspects ( e>ly        
lit]acy1 includ+ enjoym5t ( read+ &     
books2  7,c7 book-read+ behaviors1      
includ+ book h&l+ & ori5tation2  7,d7   
recognition & und]/&+ ( pictures & /ory 
concepts2  7,e7 concepts ab\t pr9t2     
7,f7 alphabet k2  7,g7 phonological     
aw>5ess1 includ+ ! aw>5ess ( rhymes1    
s\nds1 & syllables2  7,h7 em]g5t writ+  
skills1 includ+ use ( writ+ mat]ials2 & 
7,i7 integration ( pr9t concepts into   
play4  7#h7 ,ess5tial compon5ts ( read+ 
& writ+ in/ruction ,! t]m ess5tial      
compon5ts ( read+ & writ+ in/ruction    
means1 = /ud5ts 9 k9d]g>t5 ?r\gh grade  
#ab1 developm5tally appropriate1        
explicit1 & sy/ematic in/ruction t      
provides /ud5ts ! foll[+3  7,a7 ,)      
respect to /ud5ts 9 k9d]g>t5 ?r\gh grade

 #ab--  7i7 high-quality pr(essional    
developm5t = tea*]s1 in/ructional /aff1 
& pr9cipals2  7ii7 div]se texts at !    
appropriate read+ & int]e/ level (      
/ud5ts2  7iii7 diff]5tiat$ in/ructional 
approa*es2  7iv7 in/ruction & supports  
to increase /ud5ts' motivation to read1 
includ+ self-direct$ le>n+2  7v7 z      
appropriate1 sy/ematic & int5sive       
"o-to-"o & small gr\p in/ruction1       
includ+ ext5d$ "t = int5se int]v5tion = 
/ud5ts read+ significantly bel[ grade   
level1 :i* c be provid$ bo? inside &    
outside ! classroom z well z dur+ &     
outside regul> s*ool h\rs2  7vi7        
opportunities to write individually &   
collaboratively2  7vii7 in/ruction 9    
uses ( pr9t mat]ials1 multim$ia1 &      
te*nological res\rces = rese>* & =      
g5]at+ & pres5t+ cont5t & ideas2 &      
7viii7 use ( scre5+1 diagno/ic1 =mative1
 & summative assessm5ts4  7,b7 ,)       
respect to /ud5ts 9 grades k9d]g>t5     
?r\gh grade #c--  7i7 /rategic &        
explicit in/ruction us+ phonological    

aw>5ess1 phonic decod+1 vocabul>y1      
language /ructure1 read+ flu5cy & read+ 
compreh5sion2  7ii7 use ( oral model+   
te*niques to build language skills2 &   
7iii7 coord9at$ involvem5t ( families1  
c>egiv]s1 s*ool lead]s1 & in/ructional  
/aff4  7,c7 ,) respect to /ud5ts 9      
grades #d ?r\gh #ab--  7i7 direct &     
explicit compreh5sion in/ruction2  7ii7 
direct & explicit in/ruction t builds   
academic vocabul>y2  7iii7 multiple     
opportunities to write ) cle> purposes &
 critical reason+ appropriate to ! topic
 & purpose & ) specific in/ruction &    
fe$back f tea*]s2  7iv7 text-bas$       
collaborative le>n+2 &  7v7 coord9at$   
involvem5t ( s*ool lead]s & in/ructional
 /aff t are int]discipl9>y &            
int]dep>tm5tal & t analyze /ud5t "w ov] 
"t & plan lit]acy in/ruction4  7#i7     
,family lit]acy s]vices ,! t]m family   
lit]acy s]vices means s]vices provid$ to
 p>ticipants on a volunt>y basis t are (
 suffici5t int5sity 9 t]ms ( h\rs1 & (  
suffici5t duration1 to make su/a9able   

*anges 9 a family1 & t integrate all ( !
 foll[+ activities3  7,a7 ,int]active   
lit]acy activities betwe5 p>5ts & _!    
*ildr54  7,b7 ,tra9+ = p>5ts reg>d+ h[  
to be ! prim>y tea*] = _! *ildr5 & full 
p>tn]s 9 ! education ( _! *ildr54  7,c7 
,p>5t lit]acy tra9+ t leads to economic 
self-suffici5cy4  7,d7 ,an              
age-appropriate education to prep>e     
*ildr5 = success 9 s*ool & life         
exp]i5ces4  7#aj7 ,=mative assessm5t ,! 
t]m =mative assessm5t means assessm5t   
que/ions1 tools1 & processes t are--    
7,a7 developm5tally1 l+ui/ically1 &     
culturally appropriate2  7,b7 emb$d$ 9  
in/ruction2 &  7,c7 us$ by tea*]s &     
/ud5ts to provide timely fe$back =      
purposes ( adju/+ in/ruction to improve 
le>n+4  7#aa7 ,high-quality pr(essional 
developm5t ,! t]m high-quality          
pr(essional developm5t means pr(essional
 developm5t t--  7,a7 is job-emb$d$1    
ongo+1 & bas$ on sci5tifically valid    
rese>*2  7,b7 is su/a9$1 int5sive1 &    
classroom focus$1 if su* work%op or     

conf]5ce is "p ( a pr(essional          
developm5t plan = ! att5dee2  7,c7 is   
design$ to increase ! k & exp]tise (    
in/ructional /aff 9 implem5t+ ! ess5tial
 compon5ts ( e>ly lit]acy in/ruction & !
 ess5tial compon5ts ( read+ & writ+     
in/ruction1 z appropriate2  7,d7        
includes & supports tea*]s & e>ly le>n+ 
provid]s 9 adm9i/]+ age- &              
developm5tally appropriate assessm5ts2 &
 analyz+ ! results ( ^! /ud5t assessm5ts
 :5 implem5t+ ! ess5tial compon5ts (    
e>ly lit]acy in/ruction & ! ess5tial    
compon5ts ( read+ & writ+ in/ruction = !
 purposes ( plann+1 monitor+1 adapt+1 & 
improv+ classroom in/ruction or tea*+   
/rategies to improve /ud5t le>n+1 z     
appropriate2  7,e7 = k9d]g>t5 ?r\gh #ab?
 grade1 supports ! integration ( lit]acy
 in/ruction 9 core academic subjects &1 
to ! ext5t practicable1 o!r subjects    
taught at s*ool1 su* z c>e] & te*nical  
education2  7,f7 includes in=mation on  
"o-to-"o1 small gr\p1 & classroom-bas$  
in/ructional mat]ials & approa*es bas$  

on sci5tifically valid rese>* on        
lit]acy2  7,g7 provides ongo+           
in/ructional lit]acy coa*+--  7i7 to    
ensure high-quality implem5tation (     
effective practices ( lit]acy in/ruction
 t is cont5t c5t]$1 integrat$ across !  
curricula1 collaborative1 & s*ool1      
sett+1 & classroom emb$d$2 &  7ii7 t    
uses /ud5t data to improve in/ruction2  
7,h7 includes & supports tea*]s 9 sett+ 
high read+ & writ+ a*ievem5t goals = all
 /ud5ts & provides ! tea*]s ) !         
in/ructional tools & skills1 includ+    
/rategies consi/5t ) ! pr9ciples (      
univ]sal design = le>n+1 to help /ud5ts 
rea* su* goals2 &  7,i7 is diff]5tiat$ =
 educators work+ ) *ildr5 f bir? ?r\gh  
k9d]g>t5 entry1 /ud5ts 9 k9d]g>t5 ?r\gh 
grade #e1 & /ud5ts 9 grades #f ?r\gh    
#ab1 &1 z appropriate1 by /ud5t grade or
 /ud5t ne$4  7#ab7 ,in/ructional /aff   
7,a7 ,9 g5]al ,! t]m in/ructional /aff  
means individuals :o h responsibility = 
tea*+ /ud5ts to read & write1 or 9 !    
case ( *ildr5 f bir? to k9d]g>t5 entry1 

tea*+ e>ly lit]acy skills & language    
developm5t4  7,b7 ,inclusions ,su* t]m  
includes pr9cipals1 tea*]s1 e>ly le>n+  
provid]s1 sup]visors ( in/ruction1 pupil
 s]vices p]sonnel1 libr>ians1 libr>y    
s*ool m$ia speciali/s1 tea*]s ( academic
 subjects o!r ?an read+ or writ+1 o!r   
s*ool lead]s1 lit]acy coa*es1 & o!r     
individuals :o h responsibility = assi/+
 *ildr5 to le>n to read & write4  7#ac7 
,lit]acy coa* ,! t]m lit]acy coa* means 
a pr(essional--  7,a7 :o--  7i7 has     
previ\s tea*+ exp]i5ce &--  7,i7 = !    
purpose ( lit]acy coa*es work+ ) e>ly   
le>n+ programs1 has exp]tise 9 e>ly     
*ildhood developm5t & e>ly lit]acy2 &   
7,,ii7 = ! purpose ( lit]acy coa*es     
work+ ) k9d]g>t5 ?r\gh grade #ab--  7aa7
 a ma/]'s degree ) a conc5tration 9     
read+ & writ+ education2 or  7bb7 has   
demon/rat$ pr(ici5cy 9 tea*+ read+ or   
writ+ 9 a core academic subject2 &  7ii7
 is able to demon/rate ! ability to help
 e>ly le>n+ provid]s or tea*]s--  7,i7  
use evid5ce-bas$ rese>* on h[ *ildr5 &  

/ud5ts become successful read]s1 writ]s1
 & communicators2  7,,ii7 use multiple  
=ms ( assessm5t to guide in/ructional   
decisionmak+2  7,,iii7 = ! purpose (    
lit]acy coa*es work+ )--  7aa7 e>ly     
le>n+ programs1 support & coord9ate !   
language & lit]acy curricula &          
activities ) ! ov]all e>ly *ildhood     
education program2 &  7bb7 tea*]s 9     
k9d]g>t5 ?r\gh grade #ab1 improve /ud5t 
writ+ & read+ 9 & across cont5t areas   
su* z ma!matics1 sci5ce1 social /udies1 
& language arts2  7,,iv7 develop &      
implem5t diff]5tiat$ in/ruction & tea*+ 
approa*es to s]ve ! ne$s ( div]se       
le>n]s1 includ+ ,engli% language le>n]s 
& *ildr5 ) disabilities2  7,v7 use !    
pr9ciples ( univ]sal design = le>n+ 9   
in/ructional /rategies & 9 select+      
mat]ials & tools to s]ve ! div]se ne$s (
 all le>n]s1 includ+ ,engli% language   
le>n]s & *ildr5 ) disabilities2  7,,vi7 
employ be/ practices 9 engag+           
in/ructional /aff to *ange s*ool        
cultures to bett] enc\rage & support    

lit]acy developm5t & a*ievem5t2  7,,vii7
 use data to improve in/ruction2 &      
7,,viii7 = ! purpose ( lit]acy coa*es   
work+ )--  7aa7 e>ly le>n+ programs1 set
 developm5tally appropriate e>ly lit]acy
 goals & select & acquire in/ructional  
tools & skills to help *ildr5 rea* su*  
goals2 &  7bb7 k9d]g>t5 ?r\gh grade #ab1
 set high read+ & writ+ a*ievem5t goals 
= all /ud5ts & select & acquire         
in/ructional tools & skills to help     
/ud5ts rea* su* goals2 &  7,b7 ^: role )
 e>ly le>n+ provid]s1 tea*]s & s*ool    
p]sonnel is--  7i7 to provide           
high-quality pr(essional developm5t     
opportunities 9 lit]acy & language      
developm5t = e>ly le>n+ provid]s1 tea*]s
 & s*ool p]sonnel1 includ+ 9 ! case (   
e>ly le>n+ provid]s1 help+ /aff 9 plann+
 & implem5tation ( ongo+ pr(essional    
developm5t2  7ii7 to "w coop]atively &  
collaboratively ) pr9cipals1 tea*]s1    
e>ly le>n+ provid]s & o!r pr(essionals 9
 plann+ programs to help1 z             
appropriate--  7,i7 e>ly le>n+ provid]s 

id5tify *ildr5's e>ly lit]acy ne$s s t  
su* provid]s c meet ! e>ly lit]acy ne$s 
( *ildr5 at risk = delay$ developm5t &  
lat] academic difficulties2 &  7,,ii7   
tea*]s id5tify /ud5t lit]acy ne$s & tea*
 lit]acy across ! cont5t areas s t !    
tea*]s c meet ! ne$s ( /ud5ts read+ &   
writ+ bel[ grade level2 &  7iii7 to "w  
coop]atively & collaboratively ) o!r    
pr(essionals 9 plann+ programs to help  
e>ly le>n+ provid]s & tea*]s tea*       
lit]acy across cont5t areas s t ! e>ly  
le>n+ provid]s & tea*]s c meet ! ne$s ( 
div]se le>n]s1 includ+ *ildr5 )         
disabilities1 ,engli% language le>n]s1 &
 /ud5ts :o are read+ at grade level4    
7#ad7 ,local educational ag5cy ,! t]m   
local educational ag5cy--  7,a7 has !   
mean+ giv5 to t t]m 9 section #iaja ( ! 
,elem5t>y & ,second>y ,education ,act ( 
#aife2 &  7,b7 includes any public *>t] 
s*ool t con/itutes a local educational  
ag5cy "u ,/ate law4  7#ae7 ,multiti]    
sy/em ( supports ,! t]m multiti] sy/em (
 supports means a compreh5sive sy/em (  

diff]5tiat$ supports t includes         
evid5ce-bas$ in/ruction1 univ]sal       
scre5+1 progress monitor+1 =mative      
assessm5t1 & evid5ce-bas$ int]v5tions   
mat*$ to /ud5t ne$s1 & educational      
decisionmak+ us+ /ud5t outcome data4    
7#af7 ,read+ ,! t]m read+ means a       
complex sy/em ( d]iv+ mean+ f pr9t t    
requires all ( ! foll[+3  7,a7 ,! skills
 & k to und]/& h[ phonemes1 or spee*    
s\nds1 are connect$ to pr9t4  7,b7 ,!   
ability to decode unfamili> words4  7,c7
 ,! ability to read flu5tly4  7,d7      
,suffici5t backgr\nd in=mation &        
vocabul>y to fo/] read+ compreh5sion4   
7,e7 ,! developm5t ( appropriate active 
/rategies to con/ruct mean+ f pr9t4     
7,f7 ,! developm5t & ma9t5ance ( a      
motivation to read4  7#ag7 ,s*ool lead] 
,! t]m s*ool lead] means an individual  
:o--  7,a7 is an employee or (fic] ( a  
s*ool2 &  7,b7 is responsible =--  7i7 !
 s*ool's p]=mance2 &  7ii7 ! daily      
in/ructional & manag]ial op]ations ( !  
s*ool4  7#ah7 ,sci5tifically valid      

rese>* ,! t]m sci5tifically valid rese>*
 has ! mean+ giv5 ! t]m 9 section #bjj (
 ! ,high] ,education ,act ( #aife 7#bj  
,u4,s4,c4 #ajba74  7#ai7 ,scre5+        
assessm5t ,! t]m scre5+ assessm5t means 
an assessm5t t--  7,a7 is               
developm5tally1 l+ui/ically1 &          
culturally appropriate2  7,b7 is valid1 
reliable1 & bas$ on sci5tifically valid 
rese>* on lit]acy & ,engli% language    
acquisition2 &  7,c7 is a proc$ure      
design$ z a fir/ /ep 9 id5tify+ *ildr5  
:o may be at high risk = delay$         
developm5t or lat] academic difficulties
 & 9 ne$ ( fur!r diagnosis ( ! *ildr5's 
ne$ = special s]vices or additional     
lit]acy in/ruction4  7#bj7 ,/ate ,! t]m 
,/ate means ea* ( ! #ej ,/ates1 !       
,di/rict ( ,columbia1 ! ,commonweal? (  
,pu]to ,rico1 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,virg9    
,isl&s1 ,guam1 ,am]ican ,samoa1 & !     
,commonweal? ( ! ,nor!rn ,m>iana ,isl&s4
  7#ba7 ,/ate lit]acy lead]%ip team     
7,a7 ,9 g5]al  7i7 ,appo9tm5t2          
responsibility2 composition ,! t]m ,/ate

 lit]acy lead]%ip team means a team t-- 
7,i7 is appo9t$ & coord9at$ by ! ,/ate  
educational ag5cy1 except t individuals 
describ$ 9 subclauses 7,i77aa71         
7,i77hh71 & 7,,ii77gg7 ( clause 7ii7    
%all be appo9t$ by ! ,/ate ag5cy t      
ov]sees *ild c>e programs2 &  7,,ii7 is 
compos$ ( n less ?an #ac individuals &  
includes ! individuals describ$ 9 clause
 7ii74  7ii7 ,individuals includ$ ,a    
,/ate lit]acy team--  7,i7 %all         
include--  7aa7 an individual :o has    
lit]acy exp]tise ) respect to *ildr5 f  
bir? ?r\gh k9d]g>t5 entry2  7bb7 an     
individual :o has lit]acy exp]tise )    
respect to /ud5ts 9 k9d]g>t5 ?r\gh grade
 #e2  7cc7 an individual :o has lit]acy 
exp]tise ) respect to /ud5ts 9 grades #f
 ?r\gh #ab2  7dd7 a s*ool pr9cipal2     
7ee7 a special education tea*] ) lit]acy
 exp]tise2  7ff7 a repres5tative f !    
family lit]acy community2  7gg7 a tea*] 
or adm9i/rator ) exp]tise 9 tea*+       
,engli% language le>n]s2  7hh7 a        
repres5tative f ! ,/ate's ag5cy t       

ov]sees *ild c>e programs2  7ii7 a      
repres5tative f ! ,/ate educational     
ag5cy :o ov]sees lit]acy initiatives2 & 
7jj7 a repres5tative f high] education  
:o is actively involv$ 9 rese>*1        
developm5t1 & tea*] prep>ation 9 lit]acy
 in/ruction & int]v5tion bas$ on        
sci5tifically valid rese>*2 &  7,,ii7   
may include--  7aa7 a lit]acy speciali/ 
s]v+ 9 a s*ool di/rict )9 ! ,/ate2  7bb7
 a lit]acy coa*2  7cc7 a libr>y m$ia    
speciali/2  7dd7 a s*ool c\nselor2  7ee7
 a tea*] ( a core academic subject2     
7ff7 a special education adm9i/rator2   
7gg7 an e>ly le>n+ provid]2  7hh7 a     
college or univ]sity pr(essor2  7ii7 a  
p>5t2  7jj7 a bus9ess lead]2  7kk7 a    
repres5tative f ! ,gov]nor's (fice2     
7ll7 a repres5tative f ! ,/ate bo>d (   
education2  7mm7 a repres5tative f !    
,/ate legislature2  7nn7 a nonpr(it &   
community-bas$ organization provid+     
lit]acy in/ruction & support2 &  7oo7 a 
repres5tative f a s*ool di/rict         
sup]9t5d5t's (fice4  7,b7 ,inclusion ( a

 preexi/+ p>tn]%ip ,if1 be=e ! date ( ! 
enactm5t ( ?is ,act1 a ,/ate educational
 ag5cy e/abli%$ a consortium1 p>tn]%ip1 
or any o!r simil> body t 0 consid]$ a   
lit]acy p>tn]%ip = purposes ( subp>t #a 
or #b ( "p ,b ( title ,i ( ! ,elem5t>y &
 ,second>y ,education ,act ( #aife 7#bj 
,u4,s4,c4 #fcfa et seq41 #fcga et seq47 
& t includes ! individuals requir$ "u   
subp>agraph 7,a77ii77,i71 su*           
consortium1 p>tn]%ip1 or body may be    
consid]$ a ,/ate lit]acy lead]%ip team =
 purposes ( subp>agraph 7,a74  7#bb7    
,/ud5t ) a disability ,! t]m /ud5t ) a  
disability has ! mean+ giv5 ! t]m *ild )
 a disability 9 section #fjb7c7 ( !     
,individuals ) ,disabilities ,education 
,act 7#bj ,u4,s4,c4 #adja7c774  7#bc7   
,summative assessm5t ,! t]m summative   
assessm5t means an assessm5t t--  7,a7  
is developm5tally1 l+ui/ically1 &       
culturally appropriate2  7,b7 is valid1 
reliable1 & bas$ on sci5tifically valid 
rese>* on lit]acy & ,engli% language    
acquisition2 &  7,c7 measures h[ "y     

*ildr5 h progress$ ov] "t relative to   
developm5tal norms & :at /ud5ts h le>n$ 
ov] "t4  7#bd7 ,univ]sal design = le>n+ 
,! t]m univ]sal design = le>n+ has !    
mean+ giv5 ! t]m 9 section #ajc ( !     
,high] ,education ,act ( #aife 7#bj     
,u4,s4,c4 #ajja et seq474  7#be7 ,writ+ 
,! t]m writ+ means--  7,a7 ! ability to 
compose mean+ & pr9t to communicate     
ideas1 includ+ ! use ( vocabul>y1 tone1 
& g5re to fit purpose1 audi5ce &        
occasion2  7,b7 ! use ( conv5tions su* z
 spell+ & punctuation2 &  7,c7 ! ability
 to revise 9 ord] to improve cl>ity (   
ideas1 coh]5ce1 logical developm5t1 &   
precision ( language use4  #ad4         
,au?orization ( appropriations ,!re are 
au?oriz$ to be appropriat$ to c>ry out  
?is ,act--  7#a7 #b1cej1jjj1jjj = fiscal
 ye> #bjad2  7#b7 #b1cej1jjj1jjj =      
fiscal ye> #bjae2  7#c7 #b1cej1jjj1jjj =
 fiscal ye> #bjaf2  7#d7 #b1cej1jjj1jjj 
= fiscal ye> #bjag2 &  7#e7             
#b1cej1jjj1jjj = fiscal ye> #bjah4