#aac? ,,congress  #b;d ,session  ,h4 ,r4
 #bfda  ,,an ,,act  ,to provide =       
improv$ coord9ation ( ag5cy actions 9 ! 
prep>ation & adoption ( environm5tal    
docum5ts = p]mitt+ det]m9ations1 & = o!r
 purposes4  #a4 ,%ort title ,?is ,act   
may be cit$ z ! ,responsibly ,&         
,pr(essionally ,invigorat+ ,developm5t  
,act ( #bjad or z ! ,,rapid ,act4  #b4  
,coord9ation ( ag5cy adm9i/rative       
op]ations = effici5t decisionmak+  7a7  
,9 g5]al ,*apt] #e ( "p #a ( title #e1  
,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 is am5d$ by ins]t+ 
aft] sub*apt] ,,ii ! foll[+3  ,,iia     
,int]ag5cy ,coord9ation ,reg>d+ ,p]mitt+
  #efj4 ,coord9ation ( ag5cy            
adm9i/rative op]ations = effici5t       
decisionmak+  7a7 ,congressional        
decl>ation ( purpose ,! purpose ( ?is   
sub*apt] is to e/abli% a framework &    
proc$ures to /reaml9e1 increase !       
effici5cy (1 & enhance coord9ation (    
ag5cy adm9i/ration ( ! regulatory       
review1 environm5tal decisionmak+1 &    
p]mitt+ process = projects und]tak51    

review$1 or fund$ by ,f$]al ag5cies4    
,?is sub*apt] w ensure t ag5cies adm9i/]
 ! regulatory process 9 a mann] t is    
effici5t s t citiz5s are n burd5$ )     
regulatory excuses & "t delays4  7b7    
,def9itions ,= purposes ( ?is sub*apt]1 
! t]m--  7#a7 ag5cy means any ag5cy1    
dep>tm5t1 or o!r unit ( ,f$]al1 ,/ate1  
local1 or ,indian tribal gov]nm5t2  7#b7
 category ( projects means #b or m      
projects relat$ by project type1        
pot5tial environm5tal impacts1          
geographic location1 or ano!r simil>    
project feature or *>act]i/ic2  7#c7    
environm5tal assessm5t means a concise  
public docum5t = :i* a ,f$]al ag5cy is  
responsible t s]ves to--  7,a7 briefly  
provide suffici5t evid5ce & analysis =  
det]m9+ :e!r to prep>e an environm5tal  
impact /atem5t or a f9d+ ( no           
significant impact2  7,b7 aid an ag5cy's
 compliance ) ,,nepa :5 no environm5tal 
impact /atem5t is necess>y2 &  7,c7     
facilitate prep>ation ( an environm5tal 
impact /atem5t :5 "o is necess>y2  7#d7 

environm5tal impact /atem5t means !     
detail$ /atem5t ( significant           
environm5tal impacts requir$ to be      
prep>$ "u ,,nepa2  7#e7 environm5tal    
review means ! ,f$]al ag5cy proc$ures = 
prep>+ an environm5tal impact /atem5t1  
environm5tal assessm5t1 categorical     
exclusion1 or o!r docum5t "u ,,nepa2    
7#f7 environm5tal decisionmak+ process  
means ! ,f$]al ag5cy proc$ures =        
und]tak+ & completion ( any environm5tal
 p]mit1 decision1 approval1 review1 or  
/udy "u any ,f$]al law o!r ?an ,,nepa = 
a project subject to an environm5tal    
review2  7#g7 environm5tal docum5t means
 an environm5tal assessm5t or           
environm5tal impact /atem5t1 & includes 
any supplem5tal docum5t or docum5t      
prep>$ pursuant to a c\rt ord]2  7#h7   
f9d+ ( no significant impact means a    
docum5t by a ,f$]al ag5cy briefly       
pres5t+ ! reasons :y a project1 n       
o!rwise subject to a categorical        
exclusion1 w n h a significant effect on
 ! human environm5t & = :i* an          

environm5tal impact /atem5t !re=e w n be
 prep>$2  7#i7 lead ag5cy means ! ,f$]al
 ag5cy prep>+ or responsible = prep>+ ! 
environm5tal docum5t2  7#aj7 ,,nepa     
means ! ,national ,environm5tal ,policy 
,act ( #aifi 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #dcba et    
seq472  7#aa7 project means major ,f$]al
 actions t are con/ruction activities   
und]tak5 ) ,f$]al funds or t are        
con/ruction activities t require        
approval by a p]mit or regulatory       
decision issu$ by a ,f$]al ag5cy2  7#ab7
 project sponsor means ! ag5cy or o!r   
entity1 includ+ any private or          
public-private entity1 t seeks approval 
= a project or is o!rwise responsible = 
und]tak+ a project2 &  7#ac7 record (   
decision means a docum5t prep>$ by a    
lead ag5cy "u ,,nepa foll[+ an          
environm5tal impact /atem5t t /ates !   
lead ag5cy's decision1 id5tifies !      
alt]natives consid]$ by ! ag5cy 9 rea*+ 
its decision & /ates :e!r all           
practicable means to avoid or m9imize   
environm5tal h>m f ! alt]native select$ 

h be5 adopt$1 & if n1 :y !y 7 n adopt$4 
7c7 ,prep>ation ( environm5tal docum5ts 
,^u ! reque/ ( ! lead ag5cy1 ! project  
sponsor %all be au?oriz$ to prep>e any  
docum5t = purposes ( an environm5tal    
review requir$ 9 support ( any project  
or approval by ! lead ag5cy if ! lead   
ag5cy furni%es ov]sight 9 su* prep>ation
 & indep5d5tly evaluates su* docum5t & !
 docum5t is approv$ & adopt$ by ! lead  
ag5cy prior to tak+ any action or mak+  
any approval bas$ on su* docum5t4  7d7  
,adoption & use ( docum5ts  7#a7        
,docum5ts prep>$ "u nepa  7,a7 ,n m ?an 
#a environm5tal impact /atem5t & #a     
environm5tal assessm5t %all be prep>$ "u
 ,,nepa = a project 7except =           
supplem5tal environm5tal docum5ts prep>$
 "u ,,nepa or environm5tal docum5ts     
prep>$ pursuant to a c\rt ord]71 &1     
except z o!rwise provid$ by law1 ! lead 
ag5cy %all prep>e ! environm5tal impact 
/atem5t or environm5tal assessm5t4 ,aft]
 ! lead ag5cy issues a record (         
decision1 no ,f$]al ag5cy responsible = 

mak+ any approval = t project may rely  
on a docum5t o!r ?an ! environm5tal     
docum5t prep>$ by ! lead ag5cy4  7,b7   
,^u ! reque/ ( a project sponsor1 a lead
 ag5cy may adopt1 use1 or rely ^u       
second>y & cumulative impact analyses   
includ$ 9 any environm5tal docum5t      
prep>$ "u ,,nepa = projects 9 ! same    
geographic area :]e ! second>y &        
cumulative impact analyses provide      
in=mation & data t p]ta9s to ! ,,nepa   
decision = ! project "u review4  7#b7   
,/ate environm5tal docum5ts2 supplem5tal
 docum5ts  7,a7 ,^u ! reque/ ( a project
 sponsor1 a lead ag5cy may adopt a      
docum5t t has be5 prep>$ = a project "u 
,/ate laws & proc$ures z ! environm5tal 
impact /atem5t or environm5tal assessm5t
 = ! project1 provid$ t ! ,/ate laws &  
proc$ures "u :i* ! docum5t 0 prep>$     
provide environm5tal protection &       
opportunities = public involvem5t t are 
sub/antially equival5t to ,,nepa4  7,b7 
,an environm5tal docum5t adopt$ "u      
subp>agraph 7,a7 is deem$ to satisfy !  

lead ag5cy's obligation "u ,,nepa to    
prep>e an environm5tal impact /atem5t or
 environm5tal assessm5t4  7,c7 ,9 ! case
 ( a docum5t describ$ 9 subp>agraph     
7,a71 dur+ ! p]iod aft] prep>ation ( !  
docum5t b be=e its adoption by ! lead   
ag5cy1 ! lead ag5cy %all prep>e & publi%
 a supplem5t to t docum5t if ! lead     
ag5cy det]m9es t--  7i7 a significant   
*ange has be5 made to ! project t is    
relevant = purposes ( environm5tal      
review ( ! project2 or  7ii7 !re h be5  
significant *anges 9 circum/ances or    
availability ( in=mation relevant to !  
environm5tal review = ! project4  7,d7  
,if ! ag5cy prep>es & publi%es a        
supplem5tal docum5t "u subp>agraph 7,c71
 ! lead ag5cy may solicit comm5ts f     
ag5cies & ! public on ! supplem5tal     
docum5t = a p]iod ( n m ?an #de days    
beg9n+ on ! date ( ! publication ( !    
supplem5t4  7,e7 ,a lead ag5cy %all     
issue its record ( decision or f9d+ ( no
 significant impact1 z appropriate1 bas$
 ^u ! docum5t adopt$ "u subp>agraph     

7,a71 & any supplem5ts !reto4  7#c7     
,contemporane\s projects ,if ! lead     
ag5cy det]m9es t !re is a reasonable    
likelihood t ! project w h simil>       
environm5tal impacts z a simil> project 
9 geographical proximity to ! project1 &
 t simil> project 0 subject to          
environm5tal review or simil> ,/ate     
proc$ures )9 ! #e-ye> p]iod imm$iately  
prec$+ ! date t ! lead ag5cy makes t    
det]m9ation1 ! lead ag5cy may adopt !   
environm5tal docum5t t result$ f t      
environm5tal review or simil> ,/ate     
proc$ure4 ,! lead ag5cy may adopt su* an
 environm5tal docum5t1 if x is prep>$ "u
 ,/ate laws & proc$ures only ^u mak+ a  
favorable det]m9ation on su*            
environm5tal docum5t pursuant to        
p>agraph 7#b77;,a74  7e7 ,p>ticipat+    
ag5cies  7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,! lead ag5cy    
%all be responsible = invit+ & designat+
 p>ticipat+ ag5cies 9 accordance ) ?is  
subsection4 ,! lead ag5cy %all provide !
 invitation or notice ( ! designation 9 
writ+4  7#b7 ,f$]al p>ticipat+ ag5cies  

,any ,f$]al ag5cy t is requir$ to adopt 
! environm5tal docum5t ( ! lead ag5cy = 
a project %all be designat$ z a         
p>ticipat+ ag5cy & %all collaborate on !
 prep>ation ( ! environm5tal docum5t1   
unless ! ,f$]al ag5cy in=ms ! lead      
ag5cy1 9 writ+1 by a "t specifi$ by !   
lead ag5cy 9 ! designation ( ! ,f$]al   
ag5cy t ! ,f$]al ag5cy--  7,a7 has no   
jurisdiction or au?ority ) respect to ! 
project2  7,b7 has no exp]tise or       
in=mation relevant to ! project2 &  7,c7
 does n int5d to submit comm5ts on !    
project4  7#c7 ,invitation ,! lead ag5cy
 %all id5tify1 z e>ly z practicable 9 ! 
environm5tal review = a project1 any    
ag5cies o!r ?an an ag5cy describ$ 9     
p>agraph 7#b7 t may h an int]e/ 9 !     
project1 includ+1 :]e appropriate1      
,gov]nors ( affect$ ,/ates1 & heads (   
appropriate tribal & local 7includ+     
c\nty7 gov]nm5ts1 & %all invite su*     
id5tifi$ ag5cies & (ficials to become   
p>ticipat+ ag5cies 9 ! environm5tal     
review = ! project4 ,! invitation %all  

set a deadl9e ( #cj days = responses to 
be submitt$1 :i* may only be ext5d$ by !
 lead ag5cy = good cause %[n4 ,any ag5cy
 t fails to respond prior to ! deadl9e  
%all be deem$ to h decl9$ ! invitation4 
7#d7 ,effect ( decl9+ p>ticipat+ ag5cy  
invitation ,any ag5cy t decl9es a       
designation or invitation by ! lead     
ag5cy to be a p>ticipat+ ag5cy %all be  
preclud$ f submitt+ comm5ts on any      
docum5t prep>$ "u ,,nepa = t project or 
tak+ any measures to oppose1 bas$ on !  
environm5tal review1 any p]mit1 lic5se1 
or approval relat$ to t project4  7#e7  
,effect ( designation ,designation z a  
p>ticipat+ ag5cy "u ?is subsection does 
n imply t ! p>ticipat+ ag5cy--  7,a7    
supports a propos$ project2 or  7,b7 has
 any jurisdiction ov]1 or special       
exp]tise ) respect to evaluation (1 !   
project4  7#f7 ,coop]at+ ag5cy ,a       
p>ticipat+ ag5cy may also be designat$  
by a lead ag5cy z a coop]at+ ag5cy "u ! 
regulations conta9$ 9 "p #aejj ( title  
#dj1 ,code ( ,f$]al ,regulations1 z 9   

effect on ,janu>y #a1 #bjaa4            
,designation z a coop]at+ ag5cy %all h  
no effect on designation z p>ticipat+   
ag5cy4 ,no ag5cy t is n a p>ticipat+    
ag5cy may be designat$ z a coop]at+     
ag5cy4  7#g7 ,concurr5t reviews ,ea*    
,f$]al ag5cy %all--  7,a7 c>ry out      
obligations ( ! ,f$]al ag5cy "u o!r     
applicable law concurr5tly & 9          
conjunction ) ! review requir$ "u       
,,nepa2 &  7,b7 9 accordance ) ! rules  
made by ! ,c\ncil on ,environm5tal      
,quality pursuant to subsection 7n77#a71
 make & c>ry out su* rules1 policies1 & 
proc$ures z may be reasonably necess>y  
to enable ! ag5cy to ensure completion (
 ! environm5tal review & environm5tal   
decisionmak+ process 9 a timely1        
coord9at$1 & environm5tally responsible 
mann]4  7#h7 ,comm5ts ,ea* p>ticipat+   
ag5cy %all limit its comm5ts on a       
project to areas t are )9 ! au?ority &  
exp]tise ( su* p>ticipat+ ag5cy4 ,ea*   
p>ticipat+ ag5cy %all id5tify 9 su*     
comm5ts ! /atutory au?ority ( !         

p>ticipat+ ag5cy p]ta9+ to ! subject    
matt] ( its comm5ts4 ,! lead ag5cy %all 
n act ^u1 respond to or include 9 any   
docum5t prep>$ "u ,,nepa1 any comm5t    
submitt$ by a p>ticipat+ ag5cy t conc]ns
 matt]s t are outside ( ! au?ority &    
exp]tise ( ! comm5t+ p>ticipat+ ag5cy4  
7f7 ,project initiation reque/  7#a7    
,notice ,a project sponsor %all provide 
! ,f$]al ag5cy responsible = und]tak+ a 
project ) notice ( ! initiation ( !     
project by provid+ a description ( !    
propos$ project1 ! g5]al location ( !   
propos$ project1 & a /atem5t ( any      
,f$]al approvals anticipat$ to be       
necess>y = ! propos$ project1 = !       
purpose ( in=m+ ! ,f$]al ag5cy t !      
environm5tal review %\ld be initiat$4   
7#b7 ,lead ag5cy initiation ,! ag5cy    
receiv+ a project initiation notice "u  
p>agraph 7#a7 %all promptly id5tify !   
lead ag5cy = ! project1 & ! lead ag5cy  
%all initiate ! environm5tal review )9 a
 p]iod ( #de days aft] receiv+ ! notice 
requir$ by p>agraph 7#a7 by invit+ or   

designat+ ag5cies to become p>ticipat+  
ag5cies1 or1 :]e ! lead ag5cy det]m9es t
 no p>ticipat+ ag5cies are requir$ = !  
project1 by tak+ su* o!r actions t are  
reasonable & necess>y to initiate !     
environm5tal review4  7g7 ,alt]natives  
analysis  7#a7 ,p>ticipation ,z e>ly z  
practicable dur+ ! environm5tal review1 
b no lat] ?an dur+ scop+ = a project    
requir+ ! prep>ation ( an environm5tal  
impact /atem5t1 ! lead ag5cy %all       
provide an opportunity = involvem5t by  
coop]at+ ag5cies 9 det]m9+ ! range (    
alt]natives to be consid]$ = a project4 
7#b7 ,range ( alt]natives ,foll[+       
p>ticipation "u p>agraph 7#a71 ! lead   
ag5cy %all det]m9e ! range ( alt]natives
 = consid]ation 9 any docum5t :i* ! lead
 ag5cy is responsible = prep>+ = !      
project1 subject to ! foll[+            
limitations3  7,a7 ,no evaluation (     
c]ta9 alt]natives ,no ,f$]al ag5cy %all 
evaluate any alt]native t 0 id5tifi$ b n
 c>ri$ =w>d = detail$ evaluation 9 an   
environm5tal docum5t or evaluat$ & n    

select$ 9 any environm5tal docum5t      
prep>$ "u ,,nepa = ! same project4  7,b7
 ,only feasible alt]natives evaluat$    
,:]e a project is be+ con/ruct$1 manag$1
 fund$1 or und]tak5 by a project sponsor
 t is n a ,f$]al ag5cy1 ,f$]al ag5cies  
%all only be requir$ to evaluate        
alt]natives t ! project sponsor c\ld    
feasibly und]take1 consi/5t ) ! purpose 
( & ! ne$ = ! project1 includ+          
alt]natives t c be und]tak5 by ! project
 sponsor & t are te*nically &           
economically feasible4  7#c7            
,me?odologies  7,a7 ,9 g5]al ,! lead    
ag5cy %all det]m9e1 9 collaboration )   
coop]at+ ag5cies at appropriate times   
dur+ ! environm5tal review1 !           
me?odologies to be us$ & ! level (      
detail requir$ 9 ! analysis ( ea*       
alt]native = a project4 ,! lead ag5cy   
%all include 9 ! environm5tal docum5t a 
description ( ! me?odologies us$ & h[ ! 
me?odologies 7 select$4  7,b7 ,no       
evaluation ( inappropriate alt]natives  
,:5 a lead ag5cy det]m9es t an          

alt]native does n meet ! purpose & ne$ =
 a project1 t alt]native is n requir$ to
 be evaluat$ 9 detail 9 an environm5tal 
docum5t4  7#d7 ,pref]r$ alt]native ,at !
 discretion ( ! lead ag5cy1 ! pref]r$   
alt]native = a project1 aft] be+        
id5tifi$1 may be develop$ to a high]    
level ( detail ?an o!r alt]natives 9    
ord] to facilitate ! developm5t (       
mitigation measures or concurr5t        
compliance ) o!r applicable laws if !   
lead ag5cy det]m9es t ! developm5t ( su*
 high] level ( detail w n prev5t ! lead 
ag5cy f mak+ an imp>tial decision z to  
:e!r to accept ano!r alt]native :i* is  
be+ consid]$ 9 ! environm5tal review4   
7#e7 ,employm5t analysis ,! evaluation (
 ea* alt]native 9 an environm5tal impact
 /atem5t or an environm5tal assessm5t   
%all id5tify ! pot5tial effects ( !     
alt]native on employm5t1 includ+        
pot5tial %ort-t]m & long-t]m employm5t  
increases & r$uctions & %ifts 9         
employm5t4  7h7 ,coord9ation & s*$ul+   
7#a7 ,coord9ation plan  7,a7 ,9 g5]al ,!

 lead ag5cy %all e/abli% & implem5t a   
plan = coord9at+ public & ag5cy         
p>ticipation 9 & comm5t on !            
environm5tal review = a project or      
category ( projects to facilitate !     
exp$iti\s resolution ( ! environm5tal   
review4  7,b7 ,s*$ule  7i7 ,9 g5]al ,!  
lead ag5cy %all e/abli% z "p ( !        
coord9ation plan = a project1 aft]      
consultation ) ea* p>ticipat+ ag5cy &1  
:]e applicable1 ! project sponsor1 a    
s*$ule = completion ( ! environm5tal    
review4 ,! s*$ule %all include deadl9es1
 consi/5t ) subsection 7i71 = decisions 
"u any o!r ,f$]al laws 7includ+ !       
issuance or d5ial ( a p]mit or lic5se7  
relat+ to ! project t is cov]$ by !     
s*$ule4  7ii7 ,factors = consid]ation ,9
 e/abli%+ ! s*$ule1 ! lead ag5cy %all   
consid] factors su* z--  7,i7 !         
responsibilities ( p>ticipat+ ag5cies "u
 applicable laws2  7,,ii7 res\rces      
available to ! p>ticipat+ ag5cies2      
7,,iii7 ov]all size & complexity ( !    
project2  7,,iv7 ov]all s*$ule = & co/ (

 ! project2  7,v7 ! s5sitivity ( !      
natural & hi/oric res\rces t c\ld be    
affect$ by ! project2 &  7,,vi7 ! ext5t 
to :i* simil> projects 9 geographic     
proximity 7 rec5tly subject to          
environm5tal review or simil> ,/ate     
proc$ures4  7iii7 ,compliance ) ! s*$ule
  7,i7 ,all p>ticipat+ ag5cies %all     
comply ) ! "t p]iods e/abli%$ 9 ! s*$ule
 or ) any modifi$ "t p]iods1 :]e ! lead 
ag5cy modifies ! s*$ule pursuant to     
subp>agraph 7,d74  7,,ii7 ,! lead ag5cy 
%all disreg>d & %all n respond to or    
include 9 any docum5t prep>$ "u ,,nepa1 
any comm5t or in=mation submitt$ or any 
f9d+ made by a p>ticipat+ ag5cy t is    
outside ( ! "t p]iod e/abli%$ 9 ! s*$ule
 or modification pursuant to subp>agraph
 7,d7 = t ag5cy's comm5t1 submission or 
f9d+4  7,,iii7 ,if a p>ticipat+ ag5cy   
fails to object 9 writ+ to a lead ag5cy 
decision1 f9d+ or reque/ = concurr5ce )9
 ! "t p]iod e/abli%$ "u law or by ! lead
 ag5cy1 ! ag5cy %all be deem$ to h      
concurr$ 9 ! decision1 f9d+ or reque/4  

7,c7 ,consi/5cy ) o!r "t p]iods ,a      
s*$ule "u subp>agraph 7,b7 %all be      
consi/5t ) any o!r relevant "t p]iods   
e/abli%$ "u ,f$]al law4  7,d7           
,modification ,! lead ag5cy may--  7i7  
l5g!n a s*$ule e/abli%$ "u subp>agraph  
7,b7 = good cause2 &  7ii7 %ort5 a      
s*$ule only ) ! concurr5ce ( ! coop]at+ 
ag5cies4  7,e7 ,dissem9ation ,a copy ( a
 s*$ule "u subp>agraph 7,b71 & ( any    
modifications to ! s*$ule1 %all be--    
7i7 provid$ )9 #ae days ( completion or 
modification ( su* s*$ule to all        
p>ticipat+ ag5cies & to ! project       
sponsor2 &  7ii7 made available to !    
public4  7,f7 ,roles & responsibility ( 
lead ag5cy ,) respect to ! environm5tal 
review = any project1 ! lead ag5cy %all 
h au?ority & responsibility to take su* 
actions z are necess>y & prop]1 )9 !    
au?ority ( ! lead ag5cy1 to facilitate !
 exp$iti\s resolution ( ! environm5tal  
review = ! project4  7i7 ,deadl9es ,!   
foll[+ deadl9es %all apply to any       
project subject to review "u ,,nepa &   

any decision "u any ,f$]al law relat+ to
 su* project 7includ+ ! issuance or     
d5ial ( a p]mit or lic5se or any requir$
 f9d+73  7#a7 ,environm5tal review      
deadl9es ,! lead ag5cy %all complete !  
environm5tal review )9 ! foll[+         
deadl9es3  7,a7 ,environm5tal impact    
/atem5t projects ,= projects requir+    
prep>ation ( an environm5tal impact     
/atem5t--  7i7 ! lead ag5cy %all issue  
an environm5tal impact /atem5t )9 #b    
ye>s aft] ! e>li] ( ! date ! lead ag5cy 
receives ! project initiation reque/ or 
a ,notice ( ,int5t to ,prep>e an        
,environm5tal ,impact ,/atem5t is       
publi%$ 9 ! ,f$]al ,regi/]2 &  7ii7 9   
circum/ances :]e ! lead ag5cy has prep>$
 an environm5tal assessm5t & det]m9$ t  
an environm5tal impact /atem5t w be     
requir$1 ! lead ag5cy %all issue !      
environm5tal impact /atem5t )9 #b ye>s  
aft] ! date ( publication ( ! ,notice ( 
,int5t to ,prep>e an ,environm5tal      
,impact ,/atem5t 9 ! ,f$]al ,regi/]4    
7,b7 ,environm5tal assessm5t projects ,=

 projects requir+ prep>ation ( an       
environm5tal assessm5t1 ! lead ag5cy    
%all issue a f9d+ ( no significant      
impact or publi% a ,notice ( ,int5t to  
,prep>e an ,environm5tal ,impact        
,/atem5t 9 ! ,f$]al ,regi/] )9 #a ye>   
aft] ! e>li] ( ! date ! lead ag5cy      
receives ! project initiation reque/1   
makes a decision to prep>e an           
environm5tal assessm5t1 or s5ds out     
p>ticipat+ ag5cy invitations4  7#b7     
,ext5sions  7,a7 ,requirem5ts ,!        
environm5tal review deadl9es may be     
ext5d$ only if--  7i7 a diff]5t deadl9e 
is e/abli%$ by agreem5t ( ! lead ag5cy1 
! project sponsor1 & all p>ticipat+     
ag5cies2 or  7ii7 ! deadl9e is ext5d$ by
 ! lead ag5cy = good cause4  7,b7       
,limitation ,! environm5tal review %all 
n be ext5d$ by m ?an #a ye> = a project 
requir+ prep>ation ( an environm5tal    
impact /atem5t or by m ?an #ahj days = a
 project requir+ prep>ation ( an        
environm5tal assessm5t4  7#c7           
,environm5tal review comm5ts  7,a7      

,comm5ts on draft environm5tal impact   
/atem5t ,= comm5ts by ag5cies & ! public
 on a draft environm5tal impact /atem5t1
 ! lead ag5cy %all e/abli% a comm5t     
p]iod ( n m ?an #fj days aft]           
publication 9 ! ,f$]al ,regi/] ( notice 
( ! date ( public availability ( su*    
docum5t1 unless--  7i7 a diff]5t deadl9e
 is e/abli%$ by agreem5t ( ! lead ag5cy1
 ! project sponsor1 & all p>ticipat+    
ag5cies2 or  7ii7 ! deadl9e is ext5d$ by
 ! lead ag5cy = good cause4  7,b7 ,o!r  
comm5ts ,= all o!r comm5t p]iods = ag5cy
 or public comm5ts 9 ! environm5tal     
review process1 ! lead ag5cy %all       
e/abli% a comm5t p]iod ( no m ?an #cj   
days f availability ( ! mat]ials on :i* 
comm5t is reque/$1 unless--  7i7 a      
diff]5t deadl9e is e/abli%$ by agreem5t 
( ! lead ag5cy1 ! project sponsor1 & all
 p>ticipat+ ag5cies2 or  7ii7 ! deadl9e 
is ext5d$ by ! lead ag5cy = good cause4 
7#d7 ,deadl9es = decisions "u o!r laws  
,not)/&+ any o!r provision ( law1 9 any 
case 9 :i* a decision "u any o!r ,f$]al 

law relat+ to ! und]tak+ ( a project be+
 review$ "u ,,nepa 7includ+ ! issuance  
or d5ial ( a p]mit or lic5se7 is requir$
 to be made1 ! foll[+ deadl9es %all     
apply3  7,a7 ,decisions prior to record 
( decision or f9d+ ( no significant     
impact ,if a ,f$]al ag5cy is requir$ to 
approve1 or o!rwise to act ^u1 a p]mit1 
lic5se1 or o!r simil> application =     
approval relat$ to a project prior to ! 
record ( decision or f9d+ ( no          
significant impact1 su* ,f$]al ag5cy    
%all approve or o!rwise act n lat] ?an !
 end ( a #ij-;day p]iod beg9n+--  7i7   
aft] all o!r relevant ag5cy review      
relat$ to ! project is complete2 &  7ii7
 aft] ! lead ag5cy publi%es a notice ( !
 availability ( ! f9al environm5tal     
impact /atem5t or issuance ( o!r f9al   
environm5tal docum5ts1 or no lat] ?an   
su* o!r date t is o!rwise requir$ by    
law1 :i*ev] ev5t occurs fir/4  7,b7 ,o!r
 decisions ,) reg>d to any approval or  
o!r action relat$ to a project by a     
,f$]al ag5cy t is n subject to          

subp>agraph 7,a71 ea* ,f$]al ag5cy %all 
approve or o!rwise act n lat] ?an ! end 
( a p]iod ( #ahj days beg9n+--  7i7 aft]
 all o!r relevant ag5cy review relat$ to
 ! project is complete2 &  7ii7 aft] !  
lead ag5cy issues ! record ( decision or
 f9d+ ( no significant impact1 unless a 
diff]5t deadl9e is e/abli%$ by agreem5t 
( ! ,f$]al ag5cy1 lead ag5cy1 & !       
project sponsor1 :]e applicable1 or !   
deadl9e is ext5d$ by ! ,f$]al ag5cy =   
good cause1 provid$ t su* ext5sion %all 
n ext5d beyond a p]iod t is #a ye> aft] 
! lead ag5cy issues ! record ( decision 
or f9d+ ( no significant impact4  7,c7  
,failure to act ,9 ! ev5t t any ,f$]al  
ag5cy fails to approve1 or o!rwise to   
act ^u1 a p]mit1 lic5se1 or o!r simil>  
application = approval relat$ to a      
project )9 ! applicable deadl9e describ$
 9 subp>agraph 7,a7 or 7,b71 ! p]mit1   
lic5se1 or o!r simil> application %all  
be deem$ approv$ by su* ag5cy & ! ag5cy 
%all take action 9 accordance ) su*     
approval )9 #cj days ( ! applicable     

deadl9e describ$ 9 subp>agraph 7,a7 or  
7,b74  7,d7 ,f9al ag5cy action ,any     
approval "u subp>agraph 7,c7 is deem$ to
 be f9al ag5cy action1 & may n be rev]s$
 by any ag5cy4 ,9 any action "u *apt] #g
 seek+ review ( su* a f9al ag5cy action1
 ! c\rt may n set aside su* ag5cy action
 by reason ( t ag5cy action hav+ occurr$
 "u ?is p>agraph4  7j7 ,issue           
id5tification & resolution  7#a7        
,coop]ation ,! lead ag5cy & ! p>ticipat+
 ag5cies %all "w coop]atively 9         
accordance ) ?is section to id5tify &   
resolve issues t c\ld delay completion (
 ! environm5tal review or c\ld result 9 
d5ial ( any approvals requir$ = !       
project "u applicable laws4  7#b7 ,lead 
ag5cy responsibilities ,! lead ag5cy    
%all make in=mation available to !      
p>ticipat+ ag5cies z e>ly z practicable 
9 ! environm5tal review reg>d+ !        
environm5tal1 hi/oric1 & socioeconomic  
res\rces locat$ )9 ! project area & !   
g5]al locations ( ! alt]natives "u      
consid]ation4 ,su* in=mation may be bas$

 on exi/+ data s\rces1 includ+          
geographic in=mation sy/ems mapp+4  7#c7
 ,p>ticipat+ ag5cy responsibilities     
,bas$ on in=mation receiv$ f ! lead     
ag5cy1 p>ticipat+ ag5cies %all id5tify1 
z e>ly z practicable1 any issues (      
conc]n reg>d+ ! project's pot5tial      
environm5tal1 hi/oric1 or socioeconomic 
impacts4 ,9 ?is p>agraph1 issues (      
conc]n include any issues t c\ld        
sub/antially delay or prev5t an ag5cy f 
grant+ a p]mit or o!r approval t is ne$$
 = ! project4  7#d7 ,issue resolution   
7,a7 ,meet+ ( p>ticipat+ ag5cies ,at any
 "t ^u reque/ ( a project sponsor1 !    
lead ag5cy %all promptly conv5e a meet+ 
) ! relevant p>ticipat+ ag5cies & !     
project sponsor1 to resolve issues t    
c\ld delay completion ( ! environm5tal  
review or c\ld result 9 d5ial ( any     
approvals requir$ = ! project "u        
applicable laws4  7,b7 ,notice t        
resolution _c be a*iev$ ,if a resolution
 _c be a*iev$ )9 #cj days foll[+ su* a  
meet+ & a det]m9ation by ! lead ag5cy t 

all in=mation necess>y to resolve !     
issue has be5 obta9$1 ! lead ag5cy %all 
notify ! heads ( all p>ticipat+ ag5cies1
 ! project sponsor1 & ! ,c\ncil on      
,environm5tal ,quality = fur!r proce$+s 
9 accordance ) section #bjd ( ,,nepa1 & 
%all publi% su* notification 9 ! ,f$]al 
,regi/]4  7k7 ,limitation on use (      
social co/ ( c>bon  7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,9 !  
case ( any environm5tal review or       
environm5tal decisionmak+ process1 a    
lead ag5cy may n use ! social co/ (     
c>bon4  7#b7 ,def9ition ,9 ?is          
subsection1 ! t]m social co/ ( c>bon    
means ! social co/ ( c>bon z describ$ 9 
! te*nical support docum5t entitl$      
,te*nical ,support ,docum5t3 ,te*nical  
,update ( ! ,social ,co/ ( ,c>bon =     
,regulatory ,impact ,analysis ,"u       
,executive ,ord] ,no4 #abhff1 publi%$ by
 ! ,int]ag5cy ,work+ ,gr\p on ,social   
,co/ ( ,c>bon1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,gov]nm5t1 
9 ,may #bjac1 revis$ 9 ,novemb] #bjac1  
or any successor !reto or sub/antially  
relat$ docum5t1 or any o!r e/imate ( !  

monetiz$ damages associat$ ) an         
increm5tal increase 9 c>bon dioxide     
emissions 9 a giv5 ye>4  7l7 ,report to 
congress ,! head ( ea* ,f$]al ag5cy %all
 report annually to ,congress--  7#a7 ! 
projects = :i* ! ag5cy initiat$         
prep>ation ( an environm5tal impact     
/atem5t or environm5tal assessm5t2  7#b7
 ! projects = :i* ! ag5cy issu$ a record
 ( decision or f9d+ ( no significant    
impact & ! l5g? ( "t x took ! ag5cy to  
complete ! environm5tal review = ea* su*
 project2  7#c7 ! fil+ ( any lawsuits   
aga9/ ! ag5cy seek+ judicial review ( a 
p]mit1 lic5se1 or approval issu$ by !   
ag5cy = an action subject to ,,nepa1    
includ+ ! date ! compla9t 0 fil$1 ! c\rt
 9 :i* ! compla9t 0 fil$1 & a summ>y ( !
 claims = :i* judicial review 0 s\ght2 &
  7#d7 ! resolution ( any lawsuits aga9/
 ! ag5cy t s\ght judicial review ( a    
p]mit1 lic5se1 or approval issu$ by !   
ag5cy = an action subject to ,,nepa4    
7m7 ,limitations on claims  7#a7 ,9     
g5]al ,not)/&+ any o!r provision ( law1 

a claim aris+ "u ,f$]al law seek+       
judicial review ( a p]mit1 lic5se1 or   
approval issu$ by a ,f$]al ag5cy = an   
action subject to ,,nepa %all be b>r$   
unless--  7,a7 9 ! case ( a claim p]ta9+
 to a project = :i* an environm5tal     
review 0 conduct$ & an opportunity =    
comm5t 0 provid$1 ! claim is fil$ by a  
p>ty t submitt$ a comm5t dur+ !         
environm5tal review on ! issue on :i* ! 
p>ty seeks judicial review1 & su* comm5t
 0 suffici5tly detail$ to put ! lead    
ag5cy on notice ( ! issue ^u :i* ! p>ty 
seeks judicial review2 &  7,b7 fil$ )9  
#ahj days aft] publication ( a notice 9 
! ,f$]al ,regi/] ann\nc+ t ! p]mit1     
lic5se1 or approval is f9al pursuant to 
! law "u :i* ! ag5cy action is tak51    
unless a %ort] "t is specifi$ 9 ! ,f$]al
 law pursuant to :i* judicial review is 
all[$4  7#b7 ,new in=mation ,!          
prep>ation ( a supplem5tal environm5tal 
impact /atem5t1 :5 requir$1 is deem$ a  
sep>ate f9al ag5cy action & ! deadl9e = 
fil+ a claim = judicial review ( su*    

action %all be #ahj days aft] ! date (  
publication ( a notice 9 ! ,f$]al       
,regi/] ann\nc+ ! record ( decision =   
su* action4 ,any claim *all5g+ ag5cy    
action on ! basis ( in=mation 9 a       
supplem5tal environm5tal impact /atem5t 
%all be limit$ to *all5ges on ! basis ( 
t in=mation4  7#c7 ,rule ( con/ruction  
,no?+ 9 ?is subsection %all be con/ru$  
to create a "r to judicial review or    
place any limit on fil+ a claim t a     
p]son has violat$ ! t]ms ( a p]mit1     
lic5se1 or approval4  7n7 ,categories ( 
projects ,! au?orities grant$ "u ?is    
sub*apt] may be ex]cis$ = an individual 
project or a category ( projects4  7o7  
,effective date ,! requirem5ts ( ?is    
sub*apt] %all apply only to environm5tal
 reviews & environm5tal decisionmak+    
processes initiat$ aft] ! date (        
enactm5t ( ?is sub*apt]4 ,9 ! case ( a  
project = :i* an environm5tal review or 
environm5tal decisionmak+ process 0     
initiat$ prior to ! date ( enactm5t (   
?is sub*apt]1 ! provisions ( subsection 

7i7 %all apply1 except t1 not)/&+ any   
o!r provision ( ?is section1 9 det]m9+ a
 deadl9e "u su* subsection1 any         
applicable p]iod ( "t %all be calculat$ 
z beg9n+ f ! date ( enactm5t ( ?is      
sub*apt]4  7p7 ,applicability ,except z 
provid$ 9 subsection 7p71 ?is sub*apt]  
applies1 accord+ to ! provisions !re(1  
to all projects = :i* a ,f$]al ag5cy is 
requir$ to und]take an environm5tal     
review or make a decision "u an         
environm5tal law = a project = :i* a    
,f$]al ag5cy is und]tak+ an environm5tal
 review4  7q7 ,sav+s clause ,no?+ 9 ?is 
section %all be con/ru$ to sup]s$e1     
am5d1 or modify sections #acd1 #ace1    
#aci1 #cbe1 #cbf1 & #cbg ( title #bc1   
sections #ecjc & #ecjd ( title #di1 or  
subtitle ,c ( title ,i ( division ,a ( !
 ,mov+ ,ahead = ,progress 9 ! #ba/      
,c5tury ,act & ! am5dm5ts made by su*   
subtitle 7,public ,law #aab-ada74  4    
7b7 ,te*nical am5dm5t ,! table (        
sections = *apt] #e ( title #e1 ,unit$  
,/ates ,code1 is am5d$ by ins]t+ aft] ! 

items relat+ to sub*apt] ,,ii ! foll[+3 
,sub*apt] ,,iia--,int]ag5cy ,coord9ation
 ,reg>d+ ,p]mitt+ #efj4 ,coord9ation (  
ag5cy adm9i/rative op]ations = effici5t 
decisionmak+4  4  7c7 ,regulations  7#a7
 ,c\ncil on environm5tal quality ,n lat]
 ?an #ahj days aft] ! date ( enactm5t ( 
?is title1 ! ,c\ncil on ,environm5tal   
,quality %all am5d ! regulations conta9$
 9 "p #aejj ( title #dj1 ,code ( ,f$]al 
,regulations1 to implem5t ! provisions (
 ?is title & ! am5dm5ts made by ?is     
title1 & %all by rule designate ,/ates )
 laws & proc$ures t satisfy ! crit]ia "u
 section #efj7;d77#b77;,a7 ( title #e1  
,unit$ ,/ates ,code4  7#b7 ,f$]al       
ag5cies ,n lat] ?an #abj days aft] !    
date t ! ,c\ncil on ,environm5tal       
,quality am5ds ! regulations conta9$ 9  
"p #aejj ( title #dj1 ,code ( ,f$]al    
,regulations1 to implem5t ! provisions (
 ?is title & ! am5dm5ts made by ?is     
title1 ea* ,f$]al ag5cy ) regulations   
implem5t+ ! ,national ,environm5tal     
,policy ,act ( #aifi 7#db ,u4,s4,c4     

#dcba et seq47 %all am5d su* regulations
 to implem5t ! provisions ( ?is         
sub*apt]4  ,pass$ ! ,h\se (             
,repres5tatives ,m>* #f1 #bjad4;,cl]k4