,i  #aacth ,,congress  #ast ,session    
,h4 ,r4 #bafd  ,,in ,,the ,,house ,,of  
,,representatives  ,may #bc1 #bjac ,mr4 
,harris 7for himself1 ,mr4 ,lipinski1   
,mr4 ,smith of ,new ,jersey1 ,mr4       
,fleming1 ,mr4 ,johnson of ,ohio1 and   
,mr4 ,kelly of ,pennsylvania7 introduced
 the following bill2 which was referred 
to the ,committee on the ,judiciary  ,a 
,,bill  ,to amend title #ah1 ,united    
,states ,code1 to prohibit human        
cloning4  #a4 ,short title ,this ,act   
may be cited as the ,human ,cloning     
,prohibition ,act of #bjab4  #b4        
,findings ,congress finds that--  7#a7  
some individuals have announced that    
they will attempt to clone human beings 
using the technique known as somatic    
cell nuclear transfer already used with 
limited success in sheep and other      
animals2  7#b7 nearly all scientists    
agree that such attempts pose a massive 
risk of producing children who are      
stillborn1 unhealthy1 or severely       
disabled1 and considered opinion is     

virtually unanimous that such attempts  
are therefore grossly irresponsible and 
unethical2  7#c7 efforts to create human
 beings by cloning mark a new and       
decisive step toward turning human      
reproduction into a manufacturing       
process in which children are made in   
laboratories to preordained             
specifications and1 potentially1 in     
multiple copies2  7#d7 because it is an 
asexual form of reproduction1 cloning   
confounds the meaning of father and     
mother and confuses the identity and    
kinship relations of any cloned child1  
and thus threatens to weaken existing   
notions regarding who bears which       
parental duties and responsibilities for
 children2  7#e7 because cloning        
requires no personal involvement by the 
person whose genetic material is used1  
cloning could easily be used to         
reproduce living or deceased persons    
without their consent2  7#f7 creating   
cloned live-born human children         
7sometimes called reproductive cloning7 

necessarily begins by creating cloned   
human embryos1 a process which some also
 propose as a way to create embryos for 
research or as sources of cells and     
tissues for possible treatment of other 
humans2  7#g7 the prospect of creating  
new human life solely to be exploited   
and destroyed in this way has been      
condemned on moral grounds by many1     
including supporters of a right to      
abortion1 as displaying a profound      
disrespect for life1 and recent         
scientific advances with adult stem     
cells indicate that there are fruitful  
and morally unproblematic alternatives  
to this approach2  7#h7 in order to be  
effective1 a ban on human cloning must  
stop the cloning process at the         
beginning because--  7,a7 cloning would 
take place within the privacy of a      
doctor-patient relationship2  7,b7 the  
transfer of embryos to begin a pregnancy
 is a simple procedure2 and  7,c7 any   
government effort to prevent the        
transfer of an existing embryo1 or to   

prevent birth once the transfer has     
occurred1 would raise substantial moral1
 legal1 and practical issues1 so that it
 will be nearly impossible to prevent   
attempts at reproductive cloning once   
cloned human embryos are available in   
the laboratory2  7#i7 the scientifically
 and medically useful practices of      
cloning of ,,dna fragments1 known as    
molecular cloning1 the duplication of   
somatic cells 7or stem cells7 in tissue 
culture1 known as cell cloning1 and     
whole-organism or embryo cloning of     
nonhuman animals are appropriate uses of
 medical technology2  7#aj7 in the      
preamble to the #aiih ,additional       
,protocol on the ,prohibition of        
,cloning ,human ,beings the ,council of 
,europe agreed that the                 
instrumentalisation of human beings     
through the deliberate creation of      
genetically identical human beings is   
contrary to human dignity and thus      
constitutes a misuse of biology and     
medicine2  7#aa7 collaborative efforts  

to perform human cloning are conducted  
in ways that affect interstate and even 
international commerce1 and the legal   
status of cloning will have a great     
impact on how biotechnology companies   
direct their resources for research and 
development2  7#ab7 at least #bc        
countries have banned all human cloning1
 including ,canada1 ,france1 and        
,germany2  7#ac7 the ,united ,nations   
has passed a declaration calling for all
 human cloning to be banned by member   
nations2 and  7#ad7 attempts to create  
cloned human embryos for development of 
embryonic stem cell lines have been     
unsuccessful1 including the exploitation
 of over a hundred women in ,south      
,korea to provide over #b1jjj human eggs
 without the production of a single stem
 cell line4  #c4 ,prohibition on human  
cloning  7a7 ,in ,general ,title #ah1   
,united ,states ,code1 is amended by    
inserting after chapter #ae the         
following3  #af ,,human ,,cloning  ,sec4
 #cja4 ,definitions4 #cjb4 ,prohibition 

on human cloning4  #cja4 ,definitions   
,in this chapter3  7#a7 ,human cloning  
,the term human cloning means human     
asexual reproduction1 accomplished by   
introducing the nuclear material of a   
human somatic cell into a fertilized or 
unfertilized oocyte whose nucleus has   
been removed or inactivated to produce a
 living organism 7at any stage of       
development7 with a human or            
predominantly human genetic             
constitution4  7#b7 ,somatic cell ,the  
term somatic cell means a diploid cell  
7having a complete set of chromosomes7  
obtained or derived from a living or    
deceased human body at any stage of     
development4  #cjb4 ,prohibition on     
human cloning  7a7 ,in ,general ,it     
shall be unlawful for any person or     
entity1 public or private1 in or        
affecting interstate commerce--  7#a7 to
 perform or attempt to perform human    
cloning2  7#b7 to participate in an     
attempt to perform human cloning2 or    
7#c7 to ship or receive the product of  

human cloning for any purpose4  7b7     
,importation ,it shall be unlawful for  
any person or entity1 public or private1
 to import the product of human cloning 
for any purpose4  7c7 ,penalties  7#a7  
,in general ,any person or entity that  
is convicted of violating any provision 
of this section shall be fined under    
this section or imprisoned not more than
 #aj years1 or both4  7#b7 ,civil       
penalty ,any person or entity that is   
convicted of violating any provision of 
this section shall be subject to1 in the
 case of a violation that involves the  
derivation of a pecuniary gain1 a civil 
penalty of not less than #a1jjj1jjj and 
not more than an amount equal to the    
amount of the gross gain multiplied by  
#b1 if that amount is greater than      
#a1jjj1jjj4  7d7 ,scientific ,research  
,nothing in this section shall restrict 
areas of scientific research not        
specifically prohibited by this section1
 including research in the use of       
nuclear transfer or other cloning       

techniques to produce molecules1 ,,dna1 
cells other than human embryos1 tissues1
 organs1 plants1 or animals other than  
humans4  4  7b7 ,clerical ,amendment    
,the table of chapters for part ,i of   
title #ah1 ,united ,states ,code1 is    
amended by inserting after the item     
relating to chapter #ae the following3  
#af4;,human ,cloning#cja  4