,,cic]o',s ,,brutus1 ,,or ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,fam\s ,,orators3 ,,also1 ,,8 ,,orator1 ,,or ,,accompli%$ ,,speak]4 ,n[ fir/ translat$ into ,engli% by ,e4 ,jones ,,preface4 ,z ! foll[+ ,rhetorical ,pieces h nev] appe>$ be=e 9 ! ,engli% language1 ,i ?\ght a ,translation ( !m w\ld be no unacceptable (f]+ to ! ,public4 ,! "* ( ! ,au?or 7,m>cus ,tullius ,cic]o7 is s univ]sally celebrat$1 t x w\ld be ne$less1 & inde$ imp]t95t1 to say any ?+ to recomm5d !m4 ,! fir/ ( !m 0 ! fruit ( 8 retirem5t1 dur+ ! rema9s ( ! ,civil ,w> 9 ,africa2 & 0 compos$ 9 ! =m ( a ,dialogue4 ,x conta9s a few %ort1 b v ma/]ly sket*es ( all ! ,speak]s :o _h fl\ri%$ ei!r 9 ,greece or ,rome1 ) any reputation ( ,eloqu5ce1 d[n to 8 own "t2 & z he g5]ally t\*es ! pr9cipal incid5ts ( _! lives1 x w be consid]$1 by an att5tive read]1 z a conceal$ epitome ( ! ,roman hi/ory4 ,! conf]5ce is suppos$ to h be5 held ) ,atticus1 & _! common fri5d ,brutus1 9 ,cic]o's g>d5 at ,rome1 "u ! /atue ( ,plato1 :om he always admir$1 & usually imitat$ 9 8 dialogues3 & he seems 9 ?is to h copi$ ev5 8 d\ble titles1 call+ x ,brutus1 or ! ,hi/ory ( fam\s ,orators4 ,x 0 int5d$ z a supplem5t1 or f\r? book1 to ?ree =m] ones1 on ! qualifications ( an ,orator4 ,! second1 :i* is intitl$ ,! ,orator1 0 compos$ a v %ort "t aft]w>ds 7bo? ( !m 9 ! #fa/ ye> ( 8 age7 & at ! reque/ ( ,brutus4 ,x conta9s a plan1 or critical del9eation1 ( :at he himself e/eem$ ! mo/ f9i%$ ,eloqu5ce1 or /yle ( ,speak+4 ,he calls x ,! ,fif? ,"p1 or ,book1 design$ to complete 8 ,brutus1 & ! =m] ?ree on ! same subject4 ,x 0 receiv$ ) great approbation2 & 9 a lett] to ,lepta1 :o _h complim5t$ him ^u x1 he decl>es1 t :atev] judgm5t he _h 9 ,speak+1 he _h ?r[n x all into t "w1 & 0 cont5t to risk 8 reputation on ! m]it ( x4 ,b x is p>ticul>ly recomm5d$ to our curiosity1 by a m exact acc\nt ( ! rhetorical composition1 or prosaic h>mony ( ! anci5ts1 ?an is to be met ) 9 any o!r "p ( 8 works4 ,z to ! pres5t ,translation1 ,i mu/ leave ! m]it ( x to be decid$ by ! ,public2 & h only to obs]ve1 t ?\gh ,i h n1 to my k1 omitt$ a s+le s5t5ce ( ! orig9al1 ,i 0 oblig$1 9 "s places1 to p>aphrase my au?or1 to r5d] 8 mean+ intelligible to a mod]n read]4 ,my *ief aim 0 to be cle> & p]spicu\s3 if ,i h succe$$ 9 t1 x is all ,i pret5d to4 ,i mu/ leave x to abl] p5s to copy ! ,eloqu5ce ( ,cic]o4 ,m9e is unequal to ! task4 ,,brutus1 ,,or ,,! ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,eloqu5ce4 ,:5 ,i _h left ,cilicia1 & arriv$ at ,rhodes1 ^w 0 br\ght me ( ! dea? ( ,hort5sius4 ,i 0 m affect$ ) x ?an1 ,i believe1 0 g5]ally expect$4 ,=1 by ! loss ( my fri5d1 ,i saw myself = ev] depriv$ ( ! pleasure ( 8 acqua9tance1 & ( our mutual int]c\rse ( good (fices4 ,i likewise reflect$1 ) ,conc]n1 t ! dignity ( our ,college mu/ suff] greatly by ! decease ( su* an em95t augur4 ,?is rem9d$ me1 t he 0 ! p]son :o fir/ introduc$ me to ! ,college1 :]e he atte/$ my qualification ^u oa?2 & t x 0 he also :o in/all$ me z a memb]2 s t ,i 0 b\nd by ! con/itution ( ! ,ord] to respect & hon\r him z a p>5t4 ,my affliction 0 increas$1 t1 9 su* a deplorable de>? ( wife & virtu\s citiz5s1 ?is excell5t man1 my fai?ful associate 9 ! s]vice ( ! ,public1 expir$ at ! v "t :5 ! ,commonweal? c\ld lea/ sp>e him1 & :5 we _h ! greate/ reason to regret ! want ( 8 prud5ce & au?ority4 ,i c add1 v s9c]ely1 t 9 him ,i lam5t$ ! loss1 n 7z mo/ p imag9$7 ( a dang]\s rival & competitor1 b ( a g5]\s p>tn] & companion 9 ! pursuit ( same4 ,= if we h in/ances 9 hi/ory1 ?\gh 9 /udies ( less public consequ5ce1 t "s ( ! poets h be5 greatly afflict$ at ! dea? ( _! contempor>y b>ds2 ) :at t5d] conc]n %\ld ,i hon\r ! memory ( a man1 ) :om x is m glori\s to h disput$ ! prize ( eloqu5ce1 ?an nev] to h met ) an antagoni/6 especially1 z he 0 always s f> f ob/ruct+ my endeav\rs1 or ,i 81 t1 on ! contr>y1 we mutually assi/$ ea* o!r1 ) our cr$it & advice4 ,b z he1 :o _h a p]petual run ( felicity1 left ! _w at a happy mom5t = himself1 ?\gh a mo/ un=tunate "o = 8 fell[- citiz5s2 & di$ :5 x w\ld h be5 mu* easi] = him to lam5t ! mis]ies ( 8 c\ntry1 ?an to assi/ x1 aft] liv+ 9 x z long z he c\ld h liv$ ) hon\r & reputation2--we may1 inde$1 deplore 8 dea? z a heavy loss to u :o survive him4 ,if1 h[ev]1 we consid] x m]ely z a p]sonal ev5t1 we ought r to congratulate 8 fate1 ?an to pity x2 t1 z (t5 z we revive ! memory ( ?is illu/ri\s & truly happy man1 we may appe> at lea/ to h z mu* affection = him z = ourselves4 ,= if we only lam5t t we are no long] p]mitt$ to enjoy him1 x mu/1 inde$1 be ackn[l$g$ t ?is is a heavy mis=tune to u2 :i* x1 h[ev]1 becomes u to support ) mod]ation1 less our sorr[ %\ld be suspect$ to arise f motives ( int]e/1 & n f fri5d%ip4 ,b if we afflict ourselves1 on ! supposition t he 0 ! suff]]2--we miscon/rue an ev5t1 :i* to him 0 c]ta9ly a v happy "o4 ,if ,hort5sius 0 n[ liv+1 he w\ld probably regret _m o!r advantages 9 common ) 8 wor?y fell[-citiz5s4 ,b :5 he beheld ! ,=um1 ! great !atre 9 :i* he us$ to ex]cise 8 g5ius1 no long] accessible to t accompli%$ eloqu5ce1 :i* c\ld *>m ! e>s ( a ,roman1 or a ,grecian audi5ce2 he mu/ h felt a pang ( :i* none1 or at lea/ b few1 besides himself1 c\ld be susceptible4 ,ev5 ,i am unable to re/ra9 my te>s1 :5 ,i behold my c\ntry no long] def5sible by ! g5ius1 ! prud5ce1 & ! au?ority ( a legal magi/rate1--! only weapons :i* ,i h le>n$ to weild1 & to :i* ,i h long be5 accu/om$1 & :i* are mo/ suitable to ! "* ( an illu/ri\s citiz51 & ( a virtu\s & well-regulat$ /ate4 ,b if !re ev] 0 a "t1 :5 ! au?ority & eloqu5ce ( an hone/ individual c\ld h wre/$ _! arms f ! h&s ( 8 di/ract$ fell[-citiz5s2 x 0 !n :5 ! proposal ( a compromise ( our mutual diff]5ces 0 reject$1 by ! ha/y imprud5ce ( "s1 & ! timor\s mi/ru/ ( o!rs4 ,?us x happ5$1 among o!r mis=tunes ( a m deplorable nature1 t :5 my decl9+ age1 aft] a life sp5t 9 ! s]vice ( ! ,public1 %\ld h repos$ 9 ! peaceful h>b\r1 n ( an indol5t1 & a total inactivity1 b ( a mod]ate & becom+ retirem5t2 & :5 my eloqu5ce 0 prop]ly mell[$1 & _h acquir$ its full maturity2--?us x happ5$1 ,i say1 t rec\rse 0 !n _h to ^? fatal arms1 :i* ! p]sons :o _h le>n$ ! use ( !m 9 hon\rable conque/1 c\ld no long] employ to any salut>y purpose4 ,^?1 !re=e1 appe> to me to h enjoy$ a =tunate & a happy life1 7( :atev] ,/ate !y 7 memb]s1 b especially 9 our's7 :o held _! au?ority & reputation1 ei!r = _! milit>y or political s]vices1 )\t int]ruption3 & ! sole remembrance ( !m1 9 our pres5t melan*oly situation1 0 a pleas+ relief to me1 :5 we lately happ5$ to m5tion !m 9 ! c\rse ( conv]sation4 ,=1 n long ago1 :5 ,i 0 walk+ = my amusem5t1 9 a private av5ue at home1 ,i 0 agreeably int]rupt$ by my fri5d ,brutus1 & ,t4 ,pomponius1 :o came1 z inde$ !y frequ5tly did1 to visit me2--two wor?y citiz5s :o 7 unit$ to ea* o!r 9 ! close/ fri5d%ip1 & 7 s de> & s agreeable to me1 t1 on ! fir/ sight ( !m1 all my anxiety = ! ,commonweal? subsid$4 ,aft] ! usual salutations1--,well1 g5tlem51 said ,i1 h[ g ! times8 ,:at news h y br\ght8 ,none1 repli$ ,brutus1 t y w\ld wi% to he>1 or t ,i c v5ture to tell y = tru?4--,no1 said ,atticus2 we are come ) an int5tion t all matt]s ( /ate %\ld be dropp$2 & r to he> some?+ f y1 ?an to say any ?+ :i* might s]ve to di/ress y4 ,inde$1 said ,i1 y\r company is a pres5t rem$y = my sorr[2 & y\r lett]s1 :5 abs5t1 7 s enc\rag+1 t !y fir/ reviv$ my att5tion to my /udies4--,i rememb]1 repli$ ,atticus1 t ,brutus s5t y a lett] f ,asia1 :i* ,i read ) inf9ite pleasure3 = he advis$ y 9 x l a man ( s5se1 & gave y e consolation :i* ! w>me/ fri5d%ip c\ld sugge/4-- ,true1 said ,i1 = x 0 ! receipt ( t lett] :i* recov]$ me f a gr[+ indisposition1 to behold once m ! *e]ful face ( day2 & z ! ,roman ,/ate1 aft] ! dreadful defeat ne> ,cannae1 fir/ rais$ its droop+ head by ! victory ( ,m>cellus at ,nola1 :i* 0 succe$$ by _m o!r victories2 s1 aft] ! dismal wreck ( our affairs1 bo? public & private1 no?+ occurr$ to me be=e ! lett] ( my fri5d ,brutus1 :i* ,i ?\ght to be wor? my att5tion1 or :i* contribut$1 9 any degree1 to ! anxiety ( my he>t4--,t 0 c]ta9ly my int5tion1 answ]$ ,brutus2 & if ,i _h ! happ9ess to succe$1 ,i 0 suffici5tly rew>d$ = my tr\ble4 ,b ,i c\ld wi% to be in=m$1 :at y receiv$ f ,atticus :i* gave y su* uncommon pleasure4--,t1 said ,i1 :i* n only ent]ta9$ me2 b1 ,i hope1 has re/or$ me entirely to myself4--,inde$6 repli$ he2 & :at miracul\s composition c\ld t be8--,no?+1 answ]$ ,i2 c\ld h be5 a m acceptable1 or a m seasonable pres5t1 ?an t excell5t ,treatise ( 8 :i* r\s$ me f a /ate ( languor & despond5cy4 --,y mean1 said he1 8 %ort1 &1 ,i ?9k1 v accurate abridgm5t ( ,univ]sal ,hi/ory4--,! v same1 said ,i2 = t little ,treatise has absolutely sav$ me4--,i am he>tily glad ( x1 said ,atticus2 b :at c\ld y discov] 9 x :i* 0 ei!r new to y1 or s wond]fully b5eficial z y pret5d8--,x c]ta9ly furni%$ _m h9ts1 said ,i1 :i* 7 entirely new to me3 & ! exact ord] ( "t :i* y obs]v$ ?r\gh ! :ole1 gave me ! opportunity ,i _h long wi%$ =1 ( behold+ ! hi/ory ( all nations 9 "o regul> & compreh5sive view4 ,! att5tive p]usal ( x prov$ an excell5t rem$y = my sorr[s1 & l$ me to ?9k ( attempt+ some?+ on y\r own plan1 p>tly to amuse myself1 & p>tly to return y\r fav\r1 by a grateful1 ?\gh n an equal ackn[l$gm5t4 ,we are comm&$1 x is true1 9 t precept ( ,hesiod1 s mu* admir$ by ! le>n$1 to return ) ! same measure we h receiv$2 or1 if possible1 ) a l>g]4 ,z to a fri5dly incl9ation1 ,i %all c]ta9ly return y a full proportion ( x2 b z to a recomp5ce 9 k9d1 ,i confess x to be out ( my p[]1 & !re=e hope y w excuse me3 = ,i h no fir/-fruits 7l a prosp]\s husb&man7 to ackn[l$ge ! obligation ,i h receiv$2 my :ole h>ve/ hav+ sick5$ & di$1 = want ( ! usual manure3 & z little am ,i able to pres5t y ) any ?+ f ^? hidd5 /ores :i* are n[ consign$ to p]petual d>kness1 & to :i* ,i am d5i$ all access2 ?\gh1 =m]ly1 ,i 0 almo/ ! only p]son :o 0 able to comm& !m at pleasure4 ,i mu/ !re=e1 try my skill 9 a long- neglect$ & uncultivat$ soil2 :i* ,i w endeav\r to improve ) s mu* c>e1 t ,i may be able to repay y\r lib]ality ) int]e/2 provid$ my g5ius %\ld be s happy z to resemble a f]tile field1 :i*1 aft] be+ suff]$ to lie fall[ a consid]able "t1 produces a heavi] crop ?an usual4--,v well1 repli$ ,atticus1 ,i %all expect ! fulfilm5t ( y\r promise2 b ,i %all n insi/ ^u x till x suits y\r conv5i5ce2 ?\gh1 aft] all1 ,i %all c]ta9ly be bett] pleas$ if y dis*>ge ! obligation4--,& ,i also1 said ,brutus1 %all expect t y p]=m y\r promise to my fri5d ,atticus3 nay1 ?\gh ,i am only 8 volunt>y solicitor1 ,i %all1 p]haps1 be v press+ = ! dis*>ge ( a debt1 :i* ! cr$itor himself is will+ to submit to y\r own *oice4--,b ,i %all refuse to pay y1 said ,i1 unless ! orig9al cr$itor takes no f>!r "p 9 ! suit4 --,?is is m ?an ,i c promise1 repli$ he1 = ,i c easily =esee1 t ?is easy man1 :o disclaims all sev]ity1 w urge 8 dem& ^u y1 n inde$ to di/ress y1 b yet v closely & s]i\sly4--,to speak +5u\sly1 said ,atticus1 my fri5d ,brutus1 ,i believe1 is n mu* mi/ak53 = z ,i n[ f9d y 9 good spirits1 = ! fir/ "t1 aft] a t$i\s int]val ( despond5cy1 ,i %all soon make bold to apply to y2 & z ?is g5tleman has promis$ 8 assi/ance1 to recov] :at y owe me1 ! lea/ ,i c d is to solicit1 9 my turn1 = :at is due to him4 ,expla9 y\r mean+1 said ,i4--,i mean1 repli$ he1 t y mu/ write some?+ to amuse u2 = y\r p5 has be5 totally sil5t ?is long "t2 & s9ce y\r ,treatise on ,politics1 we h _h no?+ f y ( any k9d2 ?\gh x 0 ! p]usal ( t :i* fir$ me ) ! ambition to write an ,abridgm5t ( ,univ]sal ,hi/ory4 ,b we %all1 h[ev]1 leave y to answ] ?is dem&1 :51 & 9 :at mann] y %all ?9k mo/ conv5i5t4 ,at pres5t1 if y are n o!rwise engag$1 y mu/ give u y\r s5tim5ts on a subject on :i* we bo? desire to be bett] in=m$4--,& :at is t8 said ,i4--,:at y gave me a ha/y sket* (1 repli$ he1 :5 ,i saw y la/ at ,tusculanum1--! ,hi/ory ( ,fam\s ,orators2--:5 !y made _! appe>ance1 & :o & :at !y 72 :i*1 furni%$ su* an agreeable tra9 ( conv]sation1 t :5 ,i relat$ ! sub/ance ( x to y\r1 or ,i ought r to h said our common fri5d1 ,brutus1 he express$ a viol5t desire to he> ! :ole ( x f y\r own m\?4 ,kn[+ y1 !re=e1 to be at leisure1 we h tak5 ! pres5t opportunity to wait ^u y2 s t1 if x is really conv5i5t1 y w oblige u bo? by resum+ ! subject4--,well1 g5tlem51 said ,i1 z y are s press+1 ,i w endeav\r to satisfy y 9 ! be/ mann] ,i am able4-- ,y are able en\gh1 repli$ he2 only unb5d y\rself a little1 or1 if y c set y\r m9d at full lib]ty4--,if ,i rememb] "r1 said ,i1 ,atticus1 :at gave rise to ! conv]sation1 0 my obs]v+1 t ! cause ( ,deiot>us1 a mo/ excell5t ,sov]eign1 & a fai?ful ally1 0 plead$ by our fri5d ,brutus1 9 my he>+1 ) ! greate/ elegance & dignity4--,true1 repli$ he1 & y took occasion f ! ill success ( ,brutus1 to lam5t ! loss ( a fair adm9i/ration ( ju/ice 9 ! ,=um4--,i did s1 answ]$ ,i1 z inde$ ,i frequ5tly d3 & :5ev] ,i see y1 my ,brutus1 ,i am conc]n$ to ?9k :]e y\r wond]ful g5ius1 y\r f9i%$ erudition1 & unp>allel$ indu/ry w f9d a !atre to display !mselves4 ,= aft] y _h ?or\ghly improv$ y\r abilities1 by plead+ a v>iety ( important causes2 & :5 my decl9+ vig\r 0 j giv+ way1 & l[]+ ! ensigns ( dignity to y\r m active tal5ts2 ! lib]ty ( ! ,/ate receiv$ a fatal ov]?r[1 & t ,eloqu5ce1 ( :i* we are n[ to give ! ,hi/ory1 0 condemn$ to p]petual sil5ce4--,our o!r mis=tunes1 repli$ ,brutus1 ,i lam5t s9c]ely2 & ,i ?9k ,i ought to lam5t !m3-- b z to ,eloqu5ce1 ,i am n s fond ( ! influ5ce & ! glory x be/[s1 z ( ! /udy & ! practice ( x1 :i* no?+ c deprive me (1 :ile y are s well dispos$ to assi/ me3 = no man c be an eloqu5t speak]1 :o has n a cle> & ready conception4 ,:oev]1 !re=e1 applies himself to ! /udy ( ,eloqu5ce1 is at ! same "t improv+ 8 judgm5t1 :i* is a tal5t equally necess>y 9 all milit>y op]ations4 ,y\r rem>k1 said ,i1 is v j2 & ,i h a high] op9ion ( ! m]it ( eloqu5ce1 because1 ?\gh !re is sc>cely any p]son s diffid5t z n to p]suade himself1 t he ei!r has1 or may acquire e o!r accompli%m5t :i*1 =m]ly1 c\ld h giv5 him consequ5ce 9 ! ,/ate2 ,i c f9d no p]son :o has be5 made an orator by ! success ( 8 milit>y pr[ess4--,b t we may c>ry on ! conv]sation ) great] ease1 let u seat ourselves4--,z my visitors _h no objection to ?is1 we accord+ly took our seats 9 a private lawn1 ne> a /atue ( ,plato4 ,!n resum+ ! conv]sation1--to recomm5d ! /udy ( eloqu5ce1 said ,i1 & describe its =ce1 & ! great dignity x conf]s ^u ^? :o h acquir$ x1 is nei!r our pres5t design1 nor has any necess>y connection ) x4 ,b ,i w n hesitate to affirm1 t :e!r x is acquir$ by art or practice1 or ! m]e p[]s ( nature1 x is ! mo/ difficult ( all atta9m5ts2 = ea* ( ! five bran*es ( :i* x is said to consi/1 is ( itself a v important art2 f :5ce x may easily be conjectur$1 h[ great & ardu\s mu/ be ! pr(ession :i* unites & compreh5ds !m all4 ,greece alone is a suffici5t witness ( ?is3--= ?\gh %e 0 fir$ ) a wond]ful love ( ,eloqu5ce1 & has long s9ce excell$ e o!r nation 9 ! practice ( x1 yet %e _h all ! re/ ( ! arts mu* e>li]2 & _h n only inv5t$1 b ev5 compleat$ !m1 a consid]able "t be=e %e 0 mi/ress ( ! full p[]s ( elocution4 ,b :5 ,i direct my eyes to ,greece1 y\r belov$ ,a!ns1 my ,atticus1 fir/ /rikes my sight1 & is ! brighte/ object 9 my view3 = 9 t illu/ri\s city ! orator fir/ made 8 appe>ance1 & x is !re we %all f9d ! e>lie/ records ( eloqu5ce1 & ! fir/ specim5s ( a disc\rse conduct$ by rules ( art4 ,b ev5 9 ,a!ns !re is n a s+le production n[ extant :i* discov]s any ta/e = ornam5t1 or seems to h be5 ! ef=t ( a real orator1 be=e ! "t ( ,p]icles 7^: "n is prefix$ to "s orations :i* /ill rema97 & 8 cotempor>y ,?ucydides2 :o fl\ri%$1--n 9 ! infancy ( ! ,/ate1 b :5 x 0 arriv$ at its full maturity ( p[]4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 suppos$1 t ,pisi/ratus 7:o liv$ _m ye>s be=e7 toge!r ) ,solon1 :o 0 some?+ old]1 & ,cli/h5es1 :o surviv$ !m bo?1 7 v able speak]s = ! age !y liv$ 94 ,b "s ye>s aft] ^!1 z may be collect$ f ! ,attic ,annals1 came ! above-m5tion$ ,!mi/ocles1 :o is said to h be5 z mu* di/+ui%$ by 8 eloqu5ce z by 8 political abilities2--& aft] him ! celebrat$ ,p]icles1 :o1 ?\gh adorn$ ) e k9d ( excell5ce1 0 mo/ admir$ = 8 tal5t ( speak+4 ,cleon also 7_! cotempor>y7 ?\gh a turbul5t citiz51 0 all[$ to be a tol]able orator4 ,^! 7 imm$iately succe$$ by ,alcibiades1 ,critias1 & ,!ram5es1 ^: mann] ( speak+ may be easily inf]r$ f ! writ+s ( ,?ucydides1 :o liv$ at ! same "t3 _! disc\rses 7 n]v\s & /ately1 full ( s5t5ti\s rem>ks1 & s excessively concise z to be sometimes obscure4 ,b z soon z ! =ce ( a regul> & a well- adju/$ spee* 0 und]/ood1 a sudd5 cr[d ( rhetoricians appe>$1-- su* z ,gorgias ! ,leont9e1 ,?rasyma*us ! ,*alc$onian1 ,protagoras ! ,abd]ite1 & ,hippias ! ,elean1 :o 7 all held 9 great e/eem1-- ) _m o!rs ( ! same age1 :o pr(ess$ 7x mu/ be own$1 r too arrogantly7 to tea* _! s*ol>s1--h[ ! worse might be made1 by ! =ce ( eloqu5ce1 to appe> ! bett] cause4 ,b ^! 7 op5ly oppos$ by ! fam\s ,socrates1 :o1 by an adroit me?od ( argu+ :i* 0 peculi> to himself1 took e opportunity to refute ! pr9ciples ( _! art4 ,8 in/ructive conf]5ces produc$ a numb] ( intellig5t m51 & ,philosophy is said to h d]iv$ h] bir? f him2--n ! doctr9e ( ,physics1 :i* 0 ( an e>li] date1 b t ,philosophy :i* treats ( m51 & mann]s1 & ( ! nature ( good & evil4 ,b z ?is is =eign to our pres5t subject1 we mu/ def] ! ,philosoph]s to ano!r opportunity1 & return to ! ,orators1 f :om ,i h v5tur$ to make a sort digression4 ,:5 ! pr(essors !re=e1 abovem5tion$ 7 9 ! decl9e ( life1 ,isocrates made 8 appe>ance1 :os h\se /ood op5 to all ,greece z ! ,s*ool ( ,eloqu5ce4 ,he 0 an accompli%$ orator1 & an excell5t tea*]2 ?\gh he did n display 8 tal5ts 9 ! ,=um1 b *]i%$ & improv$ t glory )9 ! walls ( 8 academy1 :i*1 9 my op9ion1 no poet has ev] yet acquir$4 ,he compos$ _m valuable specim5s ( 8 art1 & taught ! pr9ciples ( x to o!rs2 & n only excell$ 8 pr$ecessors 9 e "p ( x1 b fir/ discov]$ t a c]ta9 metre %\ld be obs]v$ 9 prose1 ?\gh totally diff]5t f ! measur$ rhyme ( ! poets4 ,be=e him1 ! artificial /ructure & h>mony ( language 0 unkn[n2--or if !re are any traces ( x to be discov]$1 !y appe> to h be5 made )\t design2 :i*1 p]haps1 w be ?\ght a beauty3--b :atev] x may be deem$1 x 01 9 ! pres5t case1 ! effect r ( native g5ius1 or ( accid5t1 ?an ( art & obs]vation4 ,= m]e nature itself w measure & limit our s5t5ces by a conv5i5t compass ( words2 & :5 !y are ?us conf9$ to a mod]ate fl[ ( expression1 !y w frequ5tly h a num]\s cad5ce3--= ! e> alone c decide :at is full & complete1 & :at is defici5t2 & ! c\rse ( our language w necess>ily be regulat$ by our brea?1 9 :i* x is excessively disagreeable1 n only to fail1 b ev5 to lab\r4 ,aft] ,isocrates came ,lysias1 :o1 ?\gh n p]sonally engag$ 9 =5sic causes1 0 a v artful & an elegant compos]1 & su* a "o z y might almo/ v5ture to pron\nce a complete orator3 = ,demo/h5es is ! man :o approa*es ! "* s ne>ly1 t y may apply x to him )\t hesitation4 ,no ke51 no artful turns c\ld h be5 contriv$ = ! plead+s he has left beh9d him1 :i* he did n readily discov]2--no?+ c\ld h be5 express$ ) great] nicety1 or m cle>ly & poignantly1 ?an x has be5 already express$ by him2--& no?+ great]1 no?+ m rapid & =cible1 no?+ adorn$ ) a nobl] elevation ei!r ( language1 or s5tim5t1 c be conceiv$ ?an :at is to be f\nd 9 8 orations4 ,he 0 soon rivall$ by 8 cotempor>ies ,hyp]ides1 ,aes*9es1 ,lycurgus1 ,d9>*us1 & ,demades 7none ( ^: writ+s are extant7 ) _m o!rs t might be m5tion$3 = ?is age 0 adorn$ ) a pr(usion ( good orators2 & ! g5u9e /r5g? & vig\r ( ,eloqu5ce appe>s to me to h subsi/$ to ! end ( ?is p]iod1 :i* 0 di/+ui%$ by a natural beauty ( composition )\t disguise or affectation4 ,:5 ^! orators 7 9 ! decl9e ( life1 !y 7 succe$$ by ,phal]eus2 :o 0 !n 9 ! prime ( y\?4 ,he 0 inde$ a man ( great] le>n+ ?an any ( !m1 b 0 fitt] to appe> on ! p>ade1 ?an 9 ! field2 &1 accord+ly1 he r pleas$ & ent]ta9$ ! ,a!nians1 ?an inflam$ _! passions2 & m>*$ =? into ! du/ & heat ( ! ,=um1 n f a wea!r-beat5 t5t1 b f ! %ady recesses ( ,!ophra/us1 a man ( consummate erudition4 ,he 0 ! fir/ :o relax$ ! =ce ( ,eloqu5ce1 & gave h] a s(t & t5d] air3 & he r *ose to be agreeable1 z inde$ he 01 ?an great & /rik+2 b agreeable 9 su* a mann] z r *>m$1 ?an w>m$ ! m9d ( ! he>]4 ,8 greate/ ambition 0 to impress 8 audi5ce ) a high op9ion ( 8 elegance1 & n1 z ,eupolis relates ( ,p]icles1 to /+ z well z to please4 ,y see1 !n1 9 ! v city 9 :i* ,eloqu5ce 0 born & nurtur$1 h[ late x 0 be=e %e grew to maturity2 = be=e ! "t ( ,solon & ,pisi/ratus1 we meet ) no "o :o is s mu* z m5tion$ = 8 tal5t ( speak+4 ,^!1 inde$1 if we compute by ! ,roman date1 may be reckon$ v anci5t2 b if by t ( ! ,a!nians1 we %all f9d !m to be mod]ns4 ,= ?\gh !y fl\ri%$ 9 ! reign ( ,s]vius ,tullius1 ,a!ns _h !n subsi/$ mu* long] ?an ,rome has at pres5t4 ,i h n1 h[ev]1 ! lea/ d\bt t ! p[] ( ,eloqu5ce has be5 always m or less conspicu\s4 ,= ,hom]1 we may suppose1 w\ld n h ascrib$ su* sup]ior tal5ts ( elocution to ,ulysses1 & ,ne/or 7"o ( :om he celebrates = 8 =ce1 & ! o!r = 8 sweetness7 unless ! art ( ,speak+ _h !n be5 held 9 "s e/eem2 nor c\ld ! ,poet himself h be5 ma/] ( su* an ornam5tal /yle1 & s excell5t a ve9 ( ,oratory z we actually f9d 9 him4--,! "t inde$ 9 :i* he liv$ is undet]m9$3 b we are c]ta9 t he fl\ri%$ _m ye>s be=e ,romulus3 = he 0 at lea/ ( z e>ly a date z ! eld] ,lycurgus1 ! legislator ( ! ,sp>tans4 ,b a p>ticul> att5tion to ! art1 & a great] ability 9 ! practice ( x1 may be obs]v$ 9 ,pisi/ratus4 ,he 0 succe$$ 9 ! foll[+ c5tury by ,!mi/ocles1 :o1 accord+ to ! ,roman date1 0 a p]son ( ! remote/ antiquity2 b1 accord+ to t ( ! ,a!nians1 he 0 almo/ a mod]n4 ,= he liv$ :5 ,greece 0 9 ! height ( h] p[]1 b :5 ! city ( ,rome _h b lately fre$ h]self f ! %ackles ( regal tyranny2--= ! dang]\s w> ) ! ,volsci1 :o 7 head$ by ,coriolanus 7!n a volunt>y exile7 happ5$ ne>ly at ! same "t z ! ,p]sian w>2 & we may add1 t ! fate ( bo? comm&]s 0 rem>kably simil>4 ,ea* ( !m1 aft] di/+ui%+ himself z an excell5t citiz51 be+ driv5 f 8 c\ntry by ! wrongs ( an ungrateful p1 w5t ov] to ! enemy3 & ea* ( !m repress$ ! ef=ts ( 8 res5tm5t by a volunt>y dea?4 ,= ?\gh y1 my ,atticus1 h repres5t$ ! exit ( ,coriolanus 9 a diff]5t mann]1 y mu/ give me leave to dispat* him 9 ! way ,i h m5tion$4--,y may use y\r pleasure1 repli$ ,atticus ) a smile3 = x is ! privilege ( rhetoricians to exce$ ! tru? ( hi/ory1 t !y may h an opportunity ( embelli%+ ! fate ( _! h]oes3 & accord+ly1 ,clit>*us & ,/ratocles h ent]ta9$ u ) ! same pretty fiction ab\t ! dea? ( ,!mi/ocles1 :i* y h inv5t$ = ,coriolanus4 ,?ucydides1 inde$1 :o 0 himself an ,a!nian ( ! highe/ rank & m]it1 & liv$ ne>ly at ! same "t1 has only in=m$ u t he di$1 & 0 privately buri$ 9 ,attica1 add+1 t x 0 suspect$ by "s t he _h poison$ himself4 ,b ^! +5i\s writ]s h assur$ u1 t1 hav+ sla9 a bull at ! alt>1 he caught ! blood 9 a l>ge b[l1 &1 dr9k+ x (f1 fell sudd5ly dead ^u ! gr\nd4 ,= ?is species ( dea? _h a tragical air1 & might be describ$ ) all ! pomp ( rhetoric2 :]eas ! ord9>y way ( dy+ af=d$ no opportunity = ornam5t4 ,z x w1 !re=e1 suit y\r purpose1 t ,coriolanus %\ld resemble ,!mi/ocles 9 e ?+1 ,i give y leave to introduce ! fatal b[l2 & y may /ill f>!r height5 ! cata/rophe by a solemn sacrifice1 t ,coriolanus may appe> 9 all respects to h be5 a second ,!mi/ocles4 ,i am mu* oblig$ to y1 said ,i1 = y\r c\rtesy3 b1 = ! future1 ,i %all be m cauti\s 9 m$dl+ ) ,hi/ory :5 y are pres5t2 :om ,i may ju/ly comm5d z a mo/ exact & scrupul\s relator ( ! ,roman ,hi/ory2 b ne>ly at ! "t we are speak+ ( 7?\gh some:at lat]7 liv$ ! above-m5tion$ ,p]icles1 ! illu/ri\s son ( ,xantippus1 :o fir/ improv$ 8 eloqu5ce by ! fri5dly aids ( lit]ature2--n t k9d ( lit]ature :i* treats pr(ess$ly ( ! art ( ,speak+1 ( :i* !re 0 !n no regul> sy/em2 b aft] he _h /udi$ "u ,anaxagoras ! ,naturali/1 he easily transf]r$ 8 capacity f ab/ruse & intricate speculations to =5sic & popul> debates4 ,all ,a!ns 0 *>m$ ) ! sweetness ( 8 language2 & n only admir$ him = 8 flu5cy1 b 0 aw$ by ! sup]ior =ce & ! t]rors ( 8 eloqu5ce4 ,?is age1 !re=e1 :i* may be consid]$ z ! infancy ( ! ,art1 furni%$ ,a!ns ) an ,orator :o almo/ rea*$ ! summit ( 8 pr(ession3 = an emulation to %9e 9 ! ,=um is n usually f\nd among a p :o are ei!r employ$ 9 settl+ ! =m ( _! gov]nm5t1 or engag$ 9 w>1 or /ruggl+ ) difficulties1 or subject$ to ! arbitr>y p[] ( ,k+s4 ,eloqu5ce is ! att5dant ( peace1 ! companion ( ease & prosp]ity1 & ! t5d] (fspr+ ( a free & a well e/abli%$ con/itution4 ,ari/otle1 !re=e1 in=ms u1 t :5 ! ,tyrants 7 expell$ f ,sicily1 & private prop]ty 7aft] a long int]val ( s]vitude7 0 det]m9$ by public trials1 ! ,sicilians ,corax & ,tisias 7= ?is p1 9 g5]al1 7 v quick & acute1 & _h a natural turn = controv]sy7 fir/ attempt$ to write precepts on ! art ( ,speak+4 ,be=e !m1 he says1 !re 0 no "o :o spoke by me?od1 & rules ( art1 ?\gh !re 7 _m :o disc\rs$ v s5sibly1 & g5]ally f writt5 notes3 b ,protagoras took ! pa9s to compose a numb] ( diss]tations1 on su* lead+ & g5]al topics z are n[ call$ common places4 ,gorgias1 he adds1 did ! same1 & wrote panegyrics & invectives on e subject3 = he ?\ght x 0 ! prov9ce ( an ,orator to be able ei!r to exagg]ate1 or ext5uate1 z occasion might require4 ,antiphon ! ,rhamnusian compos$ sev]al essays ( ! same species2 & 7accord+ to ,?ucydides1 a v respectable writ]1 :o 0 pres5t to he> him7 plead$ a capital cause 9 8 own def5ce1 ) z mu* eloqu5ce z _h ev] yet be5 display$ by any man4 ,b ,lysias 0 ! fir/ :o op5ly pr(ess$ ! ,art2 &1 aft] him1 ,!odorus1 be+ bett] v]s$ 9 ! !ory ?an ! practice ( x1 begun to compose orations = o!rs to pron\nce2 b res]v$ ! me?od ( do+ x to himself4 ,9 ! same mann]1 ,isocrates at fir/ disclaim$ ! ,art1 b wrote spee*es = o!r p to deliv]2 on :i* acc\nt1 be+ (t5 prosecut$ = assi/+1 contr>y to law1 to circumv5t "o or ano!r ( ! p>ties 9 judgm5t1 he left (f compos+ orations = o!r p1 & :olly appli$ himself to writ+ rules & sy/ems4 ,?us !n we h trac$ ! bir? & orig9 ( ! ,orators ( ,greece1 :o 71 inde$1 v anci5t1 z ,i h be=e obs]v$1 if we compute by ! ,roman ,annals2 b ( a mu* lat] date1 if we reckon by _! own3 = ! ,a!nian ,/ate _h signaliz$ itself by a v>iety ( great exploits1 bo? at home & abroad1 a consid]able "t be=e %e 0 ravi%$ ) ! *>ms ( ,eloqu5ce4 ,b ?is noble ,art 0 n common to ,greece 9 g5]al1 b almo/ peculi> to ,a!ns4 ,= :o has ev] he>d ( an ,argive1 a ,cor9?ian1 or a ,!ban ,orator at ! times we are speak+ (8 unless1 p]haps1 "s m]it ( ! k9d may be all[$ to ,epam9ondas1 :o 0 a man ( uncommon erudition4 ,b ,i h nev] read ( a ,lac$emonian ,orator1 f ! e>lie/ p]iod ( "t to ! pres5t4 ,= ,m5elaus himself1 ?\gh said by ,hom] to h possess$ a sweet elocution1 is likewise describ$ z a man ( few words4 ,brevity1 inde$1 ^u "s occasions1 is a real excell5ce2 b x is v f> f be+ compatible ) ! g5]al "* ( ,eloqu5ce4 ,! ,art ( ,speak+ 0 likewise /udi$1 & admir$1 beyond ! limits ( ,greece2 & ! extraord9>y hon\rs :i* 7 paid to ,oratory h p]petuat$ ! names ( _m =eign]s :o _h ! happ9ess to excel 9 x4 ,= no soon] _h ,eloqu5ce v5tur$ to sail f ! ,pireaeus1 b %e trav]s$ all ! isles1 & visit$ e "p ( ,asia2 till at la/ %e infect$ h]self ) _! mann]s1 & lo/ all ! purity & ! heal?y complexion ( ! ,attic /yle1 & inde$ _h almo/ =got h] native language4 ,! ,asiatic ,orators1 !re=e1 ?\gh n to be und]valu$ = ! rapidity & ! copi\s v>iety ( _! elocution1 7 c]ta9ly too loose & luxuriant4 ,b ! ,rhodians 7 ( a s\nd] con/itution1 & m resembl$ ! ,a!nians4 ,s mu*1 !n1 = ! ,greeks2 =1 p]haps1 :at ,i h already said ( !m1 is m ?an 0 necess>y4 ,z to ! necessity ( x1 answ]$ ,brutus1 !re is no occasion to speak ( x3 b :at y h said ( !m has ent]ta9$ me s agreeably1 t in/ead ( be+ long]1 x has be5 mu* %ort] ?an ,i c\ld h wi%$4--,a v h&some complim5t1 said ,i2--b x is "t to beg9 ) our own c\ntrym51 ( :om x is difficult to give any fur!r acc\nt ?an :at we are able to conjecture f our ,annals4--,= :o c "q ! address1 & ! capacity ( ,brutus1 ! illu/ri\s f\nd] ( y\r family8 ,t ,brutus1 :o s readily discov]$ ! mean+ ( ! ,oracle1 :i* promis$ ! supremacy to him :o %\ld fir/ salute 8 "m8 ,t ,brutus1 :o conceal$ ! mo/ consummate abilities "u ! appe>ance ( a natural defect ( und]/&+8 ,:o de?ron$ & bani%$ a p[]ful mon>*1 ! son ( an illu/ri\s sov]eign8 ,:o settl$ ! ,/ate1 :i* he _h rescu$ f arbitr>y p[]1 by ! appo9tm5t ( an annual magi/racy1 a regul> sy/em ( laws1 & a free & op5 c\rse ( ju/ice8 ,& :o abrogat$ ! au?ority ( 8 colleague1 t he might rid ! city ( ! smalle/ ve/ige ( ! regal "n8--,ev5ts1 :i* c\ld nev] h be5 produc$ )\t ex]t+ ! p[]s ( ,p]suasion6--,we are likewise in=m$ t a few ye>s aft] ! expulsion ( ! ,k+s1 :5 ! ,plebeians retir$ to ! banks ( ! ,anio1 ab\t ?ree miles f ! city1 & _h possess$ !mselves ( :at is call$ ,! sacr$ ,m\nt1 ,m4 ,val]ius ! dictator appeas$ _! fury by a public h>angue2 = :i* he 0 aft]w>ds rew>d$ ) ! highe/ po/s ( hon\r1 & 0 ! fir/ ,roman :o 0 di/+ui%$ by ! surname ( ,maximus4 ,nor c ,l4 ,val]ius ,potitus be suppos$ to h be5 de/itute ( ! p[]s ( utt]ance1 :o1 aft] ! odium :i* _h be5 excit$ aga9/ ! ,patricians by ! tyrannical gov]nm5t ( ! ,decemviri1 reconcil$ ! p to ! ,s5ate1 by 8 prud5t laws & conciliatory spee*es4 ,we may likewise suppose1 t ,appius ,claudius 0 a man ( "s eloqu5ce2 s9ce he dissuad$ ! ,s5ate f cons5t+ to a peace ) ,k+ ,pyrrhus1 ?\gh !y 7 mu* incl9$ to x4 ,! same might be said ( ,caius ,fabricius1 :o 0 dispat*$ to ,pyrrhus to treat = ! ransom ( 8 captive fell[- citiz5s2 & ( ,titus ,coruncanius1 :o appe>s by ! memoirs ( ! pontifical college1 to h be5 a p]son ( no contemptible g5ius3 & likewise ( ,m4 ,curius 7!n a tribune ( ! p7 :o1 :5 ! ,int]rex ,appius ! ,bl9d1 an artful ,speak]1 held ! ,comitia contr>y to law1 by refus+ to admit any consuls ( plebeian rank1 prevail$ ^u ! ,s5ate to prote/ aga9/ ! conduct3 ( 8 antagoni/2 :i*1 if we consid] t ! ,mo5ian law 0 n !n 9 be+1 0 a v bold attempt4 ,we may also conjecture1 t ,m4 ,popilius 0 a man ( abilities1 :o1 9 ! "t ( 8 consul%ip1 :5 he 0 solemniz+ a public sacrifice 9 ! prop] habit ( 8 (fice1 7= he 0 also a ,flam5 ,c>m5talis7 he>+ ( ! mut9y & insurrection ( ! p aga9/ ! ,s5ate1 ru%$ imm$iately into ! mid/ ( ! assembly1 cov]$ z he 0 ) 8 sac]dotal robes1 & quell$ ! s$ition by 8 au?ority & ! =ce ( 8 elocution4 ,i d n pret5d to h read t ! p]sons ,i h m5tion$ 7 !n reckon$ ,orators1 or t any =t ( rew>d or enc\ragem5t 0 giv5 to ,eloqu5ce3 ,i only conjecture :at appe>s v probable4 ,x is also record$1 t ,c4 ,flam9ius1 :o1 :5 tribune ( ! p propos$ ! law = divid+ ! conqu]$ t]ritories ( ! ,gauls & ,pic5i among ! citiz5s1 & :o1 aft] 8 promotion to ! consul%ip1 0 sla9 ne> ! lake ,?rasim5us1 became v popul> by ! m]e =ce ( 8 address1 ,qu9tus ,maximus ,v]rucosus 0 likewise reckon$ a good ,speak] by 8 cotempor>ies2 z 0 also ,qu9tus ,metellus1 :o1 9 ! second ,punic w>1 0 jo9t consul ) ,l4 ,veturius ,philo4 ,b ! fir/ p]son we h any c]ta9 acc\nt (1 :o 0 publicly di/+ui%$ z an ,orator1 & :o really appe>s to h be5 su*1 0 ,m4 ,cornelius ,ce!gus2 ^: eloqu5ce is atte/$ by ,q4 ,ennius1 a v\*] ( ! highe/ cr$ibility2 s9ce he actually he>d him speak1 & gave him ?is "* aft] 8 dea?2 s t !re is no reason to suspect t he 0 prompt$ by ! w>m? ( 8 fri5d%ip to exce$ ! b\nds ( tru?4 ,9 8 n9? book ( ,annals1 he has m5tion$ him 9 ! foll[+ t]ms3 ,additur ,orator ,corneliu' suaviloqu5ti ,ore ,ce!gus ,m>cu'1 ,tuditano collega1 ,m>ci ,filius4 ,add ! ,orator ,m4 ,cornelius ,ce!gus1 s mu* admir$ = 8 melliflu5t tongue2 :o 0 ! colleague ( ,tuditanus1 & ! son ( ,m>cus4 ,he expressly calls him an ,orator1 y see1 & attributes to him a rem>kable sweetness ( elocution2 :i*1 ev5 n[ a-days1 is an excell5ce ( :i* few are possess$3 = "s ( our mod]n ,orators are s insuff]ably h>%1 t !y may r be said to b>k ?an to speak4 ,b :at ! ,poet s mu* admires 9 8 fri5d1 may c]ta9ly be consid]$ z "o ( ! pr9cipal ornam5ts ( ,eloqu5ce4 ,he adds2 ----is dictus1 ollis popul>ibus olim1 ,qui tum vivebant hom9es1 atque aevum agitabant1 ,flos delibatus populi4 ,he 0 call$ by 8 cotempor>ies1 ! *oice/ ,fl[] ( ! ,/ate4 ,a v elegant complim5t6 = z ! glory ( a man is ! /r5g? ( 8 m5tal capacity1 s ! brighte/ ornam5t ( t is ,eloqu5ce2 9 :i*1 :oev] _h ! happ9ess to excel1 0 beautifully /yl$1 by ! ,anci5ts1 ! ,fl[] ( ! ,/ate2 &1 z ! ,poet imm$iately subjo9s1 '--,suadaeque m$ulla3' ! v m>r[ & qu9tess5ce ( ,p]suasion4 ,t :i* ! ,greeks call ,greek3 ,pei?o1 7i4e4 ,p]suasion7 & :i* x is ! *ief bus9ess ( an ,orator to effect1 is "h call$ ,suada by ,ennius2 & ( ?is he comm5ds ,ce!gus z ! qu9tess5ce2 s t he makes ! ,roman ,orator to be himself ! v sub/ance ( t amiable ,goddess1 :o is said by ,eupolis to h dwelt on ! lips ( ,p]icles4 ,?is ,ce!gus 0 jo9t-consul ) ,p4 ,tuditanus 9 ! second ,punic w>2 at :i* "t also ,m4 ,cato 0 ,quae/or1 ab\t "o hundr$ & =ty ye>s be=e ,i myself 0 promot$ to ! consul%ip2 :i* circum/ance w\ld h be5 absolutely lo/1 if x _h n be5 record$ by ,ennius2 & ! memory ( t illu/ri\s citiz51 z has probably be5 ! case ( _m o!rs1 w\ld h be5 oblit]at$ by ! ru/ ( antiquity4 ,! mann] ( speak+ :i* 0 !n 9 vogue1 may easily be collect$ f ! writ+s ( ,naevius3 = ,naevius di$1 z we le>n f ! memoirs ( ! times1 :5 ! p]sons above-m5tion$ 7 consuls2 ?\gh ,v>ro1 a mo/ accurate inve/igator ( hi/orical tru?1 ?9ks !re is a mi/ake 9 ?is1 & fixes ! dea? ( ,naevius some?+ lat]4 ,= ,plautus di$ 9 ! consul%ip ( ,p4 ,claudius & ,l4 ,porcius1 tw5ty ye>s aft] ! consul%ip ( ! p]sons we h be5 speak+ (1 & :5 ,cato 0 ,c5sor4 ,cato1 !re=e1 mu/ h be5 y\ng] ?an ,ce!gus1 = he 0 consul n9e ye>s aft] him3 b we always consid] him z a p]son ( ! remote/ antiquity1 ?\gh he di$ 9 ! consul%ip ( ,lucius ,m>cius & ,m4 ,manilius1 & b eighty-?ree ye>s be=e my own promotion to ! same (fice4 ,he is c]ta9ly1 h[ev]1 ! mo/ anci5t ,orator we h1 ^: writ+s may claim our att5tion2 unless any "o is pleas$ ) ! above-m5tion$ spee* ( ,appius1 on ! peace ) ,pyrrhus1 or ) a set ( panegyrics on ! dead1 :i*1 ,i own1 are /ill extant4 ,= x 0 cu/om>y 9 mo/ families ( note to pres]ve _! images1 _! trophies ( hon\r1 & _! memoirs1 ei!r to adorn a fun]al :5 any ( ! family deceas$1 or to p]petuate ! fame ( _! ance/ors1 or prove _! own nobility4 ,b ! tru? ( ,hi/ory has be5 mu* corrupt$ by ^! laudatory essays2 = _m circum/ances 7 record$ 9 !m :i* nev] exi/$2 su* z false triumphs1 a pret5d$ succession ( consul%ips1 & false alliances & elevations1 :5 m5 ( inf]ior rank 7 conf\nd$ ) a noble family ( ! same "n3 z if ,i myself %\ld pret5d t ,i am desc5d$ f ,m4 ,tullius1 :o 0 a ,patrician1 & %>$ ! consul%ip ) ,s]vius ,sulpicius1 ab\t t5 ye>s aft] ! expulsion ( ! k+s4 ,b ! real spee*es ( ,cato are almo/ z num]\s z ^? ( ,lysias ! ,a!nian2 a great numb] ( ^: are /ill extant4 ,= ,lysias 0 c]ta9ly an ,a!nian2 because he n only di$ b receiv$ 8 bir? at ,a!ns1 & s]v$ all ! (fices ( ! city2 ?\gh ,timaesus1 z if he act$ by ! ,lic9ian or ! ,mucian law1 rem&s him back to ,syracuse4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 a manife/ resemblance betwe5 8 "* & t ( ,cato3 = !y are bo? ( !m di/+ui%$ by _! acut5ess1 _! elegance1 _! agreeable hum\r1 & _! brevity4 ,b ! ,greek has ! happ9ess to be mo/ admir$3 = !re are "s :o are s extravagantly fond ( him1 z to pref] a graceful air to a vigor\s con/itution1 & :o are p]fectly satisfi$ ) a sl5d] & an easy %ape1 if x is only att5d$ ) a mod]ate %>e ( heal?4 ,x mu/1 h[ev]1 be ackn[l$g$1 t ev5 ,lysias (t5 displays a /r5g? ( arm1 ?an :i* no?+ c be m /r5u\s & =cible2 ?\gh he is c]ta9ly1 9 all respects1 ( a m ?9 & feeble habit ?an ,cato1 not)/&+ he has s _m admir]s1 :o are *>m$ ) 8 v sl5d]ness4 ,b z to ,cato1 :]e w y f9d a mod]n ,orator :o condesc5ds to read him8--nay1 ,i might h said1 :o has ! lea/ k ( him8--,& yet1 good ,gods6 :at a wond]ful man6 ,i say no?+ ( 8 m]it z a ,citiz51 a ,s5ator1 & a ,g5]al2 we mu/ conf9e our att5tion to ! ,orator4 ,:o1 !n1 has display$ m dignity z a panegyri/8--m sev]ity z an accus]8--m +5uity 9 ! turn ( 8 s5tim5ts8--or m neatness & address 9 8 n>ratives & explanations8 ,?\gh he compos$ above a hundr$ & fifty orations1 7:i* ,i h se5 & read7 !y are cr[d$ ) all ! beauties ( language & s5tim5t4 ,let u select f ^! :at des]ves our notice & applause3 !y w supply u ) all ! graces ( ,oratory4 ,n to omit 8 ,antiquities1 :o w d5y t ^! also are adorn$ ) e fl[]1 & ) all ! lu/re ( ,eloqu5ce8 & yet he has sc>cely any admir]s2 :i* "s ages ago 0 ! case ( ,phili/us ! ,syracusan1 & ev5 ( ,?ucydides himself4 ,= z ! l(ty & elevat$ /yle ( ,!opompus soon dim9i%$ ! reputation ( _! pi?y & laconic h>angues1 :i* 7 sometimes sc>cely intelligible ?r\gh _! excessive brevity & qua9tness2 & z ,demo/h5es eclips$ ! glory ( ,lysias1 s ! pomp\s & /ately elocution ( ! mod]ns has obscur$ ! lu/re ( ,cato4 ,b _m ( u are %amefully ignorant & inatt5tive2 = we admire ! ,greeks = _! antiquity1 & :at is call$ _! ,attic neatness1 & yet h nev] notic$ ! same quality 9 ,cato4 ,x 0 ! di/+ui%+ "*1 say !y1 ( ,lysias & ,hyp]ides4 ,i own x1 & ,i admire !m = x3 b :y n all[ a %>e ( x to ,cato8 ,!y are fond1 !y tell u1 ( ! ,attic /yle ( ,eloqu5ce3 & _! *oice is c]ta9ly judici\s1 provid$ !y borr[ ! blood & ! heal?y juices1 z well z ! bones & membranes4 ,:at !y recomm5d1 h[ev]1 is1 to d x ju/ice1 an agreeable quality4 ,b :y mu/ ,lysias & ,hyp]ides be s fondly c\rt$1 :ile ,cato is entirely ov]look$8 ,8 language inde$ has an antiquat$ air1 & "s ( 8 expressions are r too h>% & crabb$4 ,b let u rememb] t ?is 0 ! language ( ! "t3 only *ange & mod]nize x1 :i* x 0 n 9 8 p[] to d2--add ! improvem5ts ( numb] & cad5ce1 give an easi] turn to 8 s5t5ces1 & regulate ! /ructure & connection ( 8 words1 7:i* 0 z little practis$ ev5 by ! old] ,greeks z by him7 & y w discov] no "o :o c claim ! pref]5ce to ,cato4 ,! ,greeks !mselves ackn[l$ge t ! *ief beauty ( composition results f ! frequ5t use ( ^? translatiti\s =ms ( expression :i* !y call ,tropes1 & ( ^? v>i\s attitudes ( language & s5tim5t :i* !y call ,figures3 b x is almo/ incr$ible 9 :at numb]s1 & ) :at amaz+ v>iety1 !y are all employ$ by ,cato4 ,i "k1 inde$1 t he is n suffici5tly poli%$1 & t rec\rse mu/ be _h to a m p]fect model = imitation3 = he is an au?or ( su* antiquity1 t he is ! olde/ n[ extant1 ^: writ+s c be read ) pati5ce2 & ! anci5ts 9 g5]al acquir$ a mu* great] reputation 9 e o!r art1 ?an 9 t ( ,speak+4 ,b :o t has se5 ! /atues ( ! mod]ns1 w n p]ceive 9 a mom5t1 t ! figures ( ,cana*us are too /iff & =mal1 to resemble life8 ,^? ( ,calamis1 ?\gh evid5tly h>%1 are some:at s(t]4 ,ev5 ! /atues ( ,myron are n suffici5tly alive2 & yet y w\ld n hesitate to pron\nce !m beautiful4 ,b ^? ( ,polycletes are mu* f9]1 &1 9 my m9d1 completely f9i%$4 ,! case is ! same 9 ,pa9t+2 = 9 ! works ( ,zeuxis1 ,polygnotus1 ,timan!s1 & sev]al o!r ma/]s :o conf9$ !mselves to ! use ( f\r col\rs1 we comm5d ! air & ! symmetry ( _! figures2 b 9 ,aetion1 ,nicoma*us1 ,protog5es1 & ,apelles1 e ?+ is f9i%$ to p]fection4 ,?is1 ,i believe1 w hold equally true 9 all ! o!r arts2 = !re is n "o ( !m :i* 0 inv5t$ & complet$ at ! same "t4 ,i _c d\bt1 = in/ance1 t !re 7 _m ,poets be=e ,hom]3 we may inf] x f ^? v songs :i* he himself in=ms u 7 sung at ! fea/s ( ! ,phaeacians1 & ( ! pr(ligate suitors ( ,p5elope4 ,nay1 to g no f>!r1 :at is become ( ! anci5t poems ( our own c\ntrym58 ,su* z ! ,fauns & ru/ic ,b>ds compos'd1 ,:5 none ! rocks ( poetry _h cross'd1 ,nor wi%'d to =m 8 /yle by rules ( art1 ,be=e ?is v5t'r\s man3 c4 ,old ,ennius "h speaks ( himself2 nor does he c>ry 8 boa/ beyond ! b\nds ( tru?3 ! case be+ really z he describes x4 ,= we _h only an ,odyssey 9 ,lat91 :i* resembl$ "o ( ! r\gh & unf9i%$ /atues ( ,da$alus2 & "s dramatic pieces ( ,livius1 :i* w sc>cely be> a second read+4 ,?is ,livius exhibit$ 8 fir/ p]=mance at ,rome 9 ! ,consul%ip ( ,m4 ,tuditanus1 & ,c4 ,clodius ! son ( ,caecus1 ! ye> be=e ,ennius 0 born1 &1 accord+ to ! acc\nt ( my fri5d ,atticus1 7:om ,i *oose to foll[7 ! five hundr$ & f\rte5? f ! build+ ( ! city4 ,b hi/orians are n agre$ ab\t ! date ( ! ye>4 ,attius in=ms u t ,livius 0 tak5 prison] at ,t>5tum by ,qu9tus ,maximus 9 8 fif? ,consul%ip1 ab\t ?irty ye>s aft] he is said by ,atticus1 & our anci5t annals1 to h introduc$ ! drama4 ,he adds t he exhibit$ 8 fir/ dramatic piece ab\t elev5 ye>s aft]1 9 ! ,consul%ip ( ,c4 ,cornelius & ,q4 ,m9ucius1 at ! public games :i* ,sal9ator _h v[$ to ! ,goddess ( ,y\? = 8 victory ov] ! ,s5ones4 ,b 9 ?is1 ,attius 0 s f> mi/ak51 t ,ennius1 :5 ! p]sons above-m5tion$ 7 ,consuls1 0 =ty ye>s old3 s t if ,livius 0 ( ! same age1 z 9 ?is case he w\ld h be51 ! fir/ dramatic au?or we _h mu/ h be5 y\ng] ?an ,plautus & ,naevius1 :o _h exhibit$ a great numb] ( plays be=e ! "t he specifies4 ,if ^! rem>ks1 my ,brutus1 appe> unsuitable to ! subject be=e u1 y mu/ ?r[ ! :ole blame ^u ,atticus1 :o has inspir$ me ) a /range curiosity to enquire into ! age ( illu/ri\s m51 & ! respective times ( _! appe>ance4--,on ! contr>y1 said ,brutus1 ,i am highly pleas$ t y h c>ri$ y\r att5tion s f>2 & ,i ?9k y\r rem>ks well adapt$ to ! curi\s task y h und]tak51 ! giv+ u a hi/ory ( ! diff]5t classes ( ,orators 9 _! prop] ord]4--,y und]/& me "r1 said ,i2 & ,i he>tily wi% ^? v5]able ,odes 7 /ill extant1 :i* ,cato in=ms u 9 8 ,antiquities1 us$ to be sung by e gue/ 9 8 turn at ! homely fea/s ( our ance/ors1 _m ages be=e1 to commemorate ! feats ( _! h]oes4 ,b ! ,punic w> ( t antiquat$ ,poet1 :om ,ennius s pr\dly ranks among ! ,fauns & ru/ic ,b>ds1 af=ds me z exquisite a pleasure z ! f9e/ /atue t 0 ev] =m$ by ,myron4 ,ennius1 ,i all[1 0 a m f9i%$ writ]3 b if he _h really und]valu$ ! o!r1 z he pret5ds to d1 he w\ld sc>cely h omitt$ su* a bloody w> z ! fir/ ,punic1 :5 he attempt$ pr(ess$ly to describe all ! w>s ( ! ,republic4 ,nay he himself assigns ! reason4 ,o!rs 7said he7 t cruel w> h sung3 ,v true1 & !y h sung x ) great ord] & precision1 ?\gh n1 inde$1 9 su* elegant /ra9s z y\rself4 ,?is y ought to h ackn[l$g$1 z y mu/ c]ta9ly be consci\s t y h borr[$ _m ornam5ts f ,naevius2 or if y refuse to own x1 ,i %all tell y pla9ly t y h pilf]$ !m4 ,cotempor>y ) ! ,cato above-m5tion$ 7?\gh some:at old]7 7 ,c4 ,flam9ius1 ,c4 ,v>ro1 ,q4 ,maximus1 ,q4 ,metellus1 ,p4 ,l5tulus1 & ,p4 ,crassus :o 0 jo9t ,consul ) ! eld] ,africanus4 ,?is ,scipio1 we are told1 0 n de/itute ( ! p[]s ( ,elocution3 b 8 son1 :o adopt$ ! y\ng] ,scipio 7! son ( ,paulus ,aemilius7 w\ld h /ood =emo/ 9 ! li/ ( ,orators1 if he _h possess$ a firm] con/itution4 ,?is is evid5t f a few ,spee*es1 & a ,greek ,hi/ory ( 81 :i* are v agreeably writt54 ,9 ! same class we may place ,sextus ,aelius1 :o 0 ! be/ lawy] ( 8 "t1 & a ready speak]4 ,a little aft] ^!1 0 ,c4 ,sulpicius ,gallus1 :o 0 bett] acqua9t$ ) ! ,grecian lit]ature ?an all ! re/ ( ! nobility1 & 0 reckon$ a graceful ,orator1 be+ equally di/+ui%$1 9 e o!r respect1 by ! sup]ior elegance ( 8 ta/e2 = a m copi\s & spl5did way ( speak+ began n[ to prevail4 ,:5 ?is ,sulpicius1 9 quality ( ,praetor1 0 celebrat+ ! public %ews 9 hon\r ( ,apollo1 di$ ! ,poet ,ennius1 9 ! ,consul%ip ( ,q4 ,m>cius & ,cn4 ,s]vilius1 aft] exhibit+ 8 ,trag$y ( ,?ye/es4 ,at ! same "t liv$ ,tib]ius ,grac*us1 ! son ( ,publius1 :o 0 twice ,consul & ,c5sor3 a ,greek ,oration ( 8 to ! ,rhodians is /ill extant1 & he bore ! "* ( a wor?y citiz51 & an eloqu5t ,speak]4 ,we are likewise told t ,p4 ,scipio ,nasica1 surnam$ ,! ,d>l+ ( ! ,p1 & :o also _h ! honor to be twice *os5 ,consul & ,c5sor1 0 e/eem$ an able ,orator3 ,to him we may add ,l4 ,l5tulus1 :o 0 jo9t ,consul ) ,c4 ,figulus2--,q4 ,nobilior1 ! son ( ,m>cus1 :o 0 incl9$ to ! /udy ( lit]ature by 8 fa!r's example1 & pres5t$ ,ennius 7:o _h s]v$ "u 8 fa!r 9 ,aetolia7 ) ! fre$om ( ! ,city1 :5 he f\nd$ a colony 9 quality ( ,triumvir3 & 8 colleague1 ,t4 ,annius ,luscus1 :o is said to h be5 tol]ably eloqu5t4 ,we are likewise in=m$ t ,l4 ,paulus1 ! fa!r ( ,africanus1 def5d$ ! "* ( an em95t citiz5 9 a public spee*2 & t ,cato1 :o di$ 9 ! #hc;d ye> ( 8 age1 0 !n liv+1 & actually plead$1 t v ye>1 aga9/ ! def5dant ,s]vius ,galba1 9 ! op5 ,=um1 ) great en]gy & _s3--he has left a copy ( ?is ,oration beh9d him4 ,b :5 ,cato 0 9 ! decl9e ( life1 a cr[d ( ,orators1 all y\ng] ?an himself1 made _! appe>ance at ! same "t3 ,= ,a4 ,alb9us1 :o wrote a ,hi/ory 9 ,greek1 & %>$ ! ,consul%ip ) ,l4 ,lucullus1 0 greatly admir$ = 8 le>n+ & ,elocution3 & almo/ equal to him 7 ,s]vius ,fulvius1 & ,s]vius ,fabius ,pictor1 ! latt] ( :om 0 well acqua9t$ ) ! laws ( 8 c\ntry1 ! ,belles ,lettres1 & ! ,hi/ory ( ,antiquity4 ,qu9tus ,fabius ,labeo 0 likewise adorn$ ) ! same accompli%m5ts4 ,b ,q4 ,metellus ^: f\r sons atta9$ ! consul> dignity1 0 admir$ = 8 ,eloqu5ce beyond ! re/2--he und]took ! def5ce ( ,l4 ,cotta1 :5 he 0 accus$ by ,africanus1--& compos$ _m o!r ,spee*es1 p>ticul>ly t aga9/ ,tib]ius ,grac*us1 :i* we h a full acc\nt ( 9 ! ,annals ( ,c4 ,fannius4 ,l4 ,cotta himself 0 likewise reckon$ a vet]an2 b ,c4 ,laelius1 & ,p4 ,africanus 7 all[$ by all to be m f9i%$ ,speak]s3 _! ,orations are /ill extant1 & may s]ve z specim5s ( _! respective abilities4 ,b ,s]vius ,galba1 :o 0 some?+ old] ?an any ( !m1 0 indisputably ! be/ speak] ( ! age4 ,he 0 ! fir/ among ! ,romans :o display$ ! prop] & di/+ui%+ tal5ts ( an ,orator1 su* z1 digress+ f 8 subject to embelli% & div]sify x1--soo?+ or al>m+ ! passions1 exhibit+ e circum/ance 9 ! /ronge/ light1--implor+ ! compassion ( 8 audi5ce1 & artfully enl>g+ on ^? topics1 or g5]al pr9ciples ( ,prud5ce or ,morality1 on :i* ! /ress ( 8 argum5t dep5d$3 & yet1 ,i "k n h[1 ?\gh he is all[$ to h be5 ! greate/ ,orator ( 8 "t1 ! ,orations he has left are m lifeless1 & h a m antiquat$ air1 ?an ^? ( ,laelius1 or ,scipio1 or ev5 ( ,cato himself3 9 %ort1 ! /r5g? & sub/ance ( !m has s f> evaporat$1 t we h sc>cely any ?+ ( !m rema9+ b ! b>e skeletons4 ,9 ! same mann]1 ?\gh bo? ,laelius & ,scipio are greatly extoll$ = _! abilities2 ! pref]5ce 0 giv5 to ,laelius z a speak]2 & yet 8 ,oration1 9 def5ce ( ! privileges ( ! ,sac]dotal ,college1 has no great] m]it ?an any "o y may please to fix ^u ( ! num]\s spee*es ( ,scipio4 ,no?+1 inde$1 c be sweet] & mild] ?an t ( ,laelius1 nor c\ld any ?+ h be5 urg$ ) great] dignity to support ! hon\r ( religion3 b1 ( ! two1 ,laelius appe>s to me to be r\gh]1 & m old-fa%ion$ ?an ,scipio2 &1 z diff]5t ,speak]s h diff]5t ta/es1 he _h 9 my m9d too /rong a reli% = antiquity1 & 0 too fond ( us+ obsolete expressions4 ,b su* is ! jeal\sy ( mank9d1 t !y w n all[ ! same p]son to be possess$ ( too _m p]fections4 ,= z 9 milit>y pr[ess !y ?\ght x impossible t any man c\ld vie ) ,scipio1 ?\gh ,laelius _h n a little di/+ui%$ himself 9 ! w> ) ,viria?us2 s = le>n+1 ,eloqu5ce1 & wisdom1 ?\gh ea* 0 all[$ to be above ! rea* ( any o!r competitor1 !y adjudg$ ! pref]5ce to ,laelius4 ,nor 0 ?is only ! op9ion ( ! _w1 b x seems to h be5 all[$ by mutual cons5t betwe5 !mselves3 = x 0 !n a g5]al cu/om1 z c&id 9 ?is respect z x 0 fair & j 9 e o!r1 to give 8 due to ea*4 ,i accord+ly rememb] t ,p4 ,rutilius ,rufus once told me at ,smyrna1 t :5 he 0 a "y man1 ! two ,consuls ,p4 ,scipio & ,d4 ,brutus1 by ord] ( ! ,s5ate1 tri$ a capital cause ( great consequ5ce4 ,= sev]al p]sons ( note hav+ be5 murd]$ 9 ! ,silan ,=e/1 & ! dome/ics1 & "s ( ! sons1 ( a company ( g5tlem5 :o f>m$ ! taxes ( ! pit*-manufactory1 be+ *>g$ ) ! fact1 ! ,consuls 7 ord]$ to try ! cause 9 p]son4 ,laelius1 he said1 spoke v s5sibly & elegantly1 z inde$ he always did1 on ! side ( ! f>m]s ( ! cu/oms4 ,b ! ,consuls1 aft] he>+ bo? sides1 judg+ x necess>y to ref] ! matt] to a second trial1 ! same ,laelius1 a few days aft]1 plead$ _! cause aga9 ) m accuracy1 & mu* bett] ?an at fir/4 ,! affair1 h[ev]1 0 once m put (f = a fur!r he>+4 ,^u ?is1 :5 8 cli5ts att5d$ ,laelius to 8 own h\se1 &1 aft] ?ank+ him = :at he _h already done1 e>ne/ly begg$ him n to be di%e>t5$ by ! fatigue he _h suff]$2--he assur$ !m he _h ex]t$ 8 utmo/ to def5d _! reputation2 b frankly add$1 t he ?\ght _! cause w\ld be m effectually support$ by ,s]vius ,galba1 ^: mann] ( speak+ 0 m embelli%$ & m spirit$ ?an 8 own4 ,!y1 accord+ly1 by ! advice ( ,laelius1 reque/$ ,galba to und]take x4 ,to ?is he cons5t$2 b ) ! greate/ mode/y & reluctance1 out ( respect to ! illu/ri\s advocate he 0 go+ to succe$3--& z he _h only ! next day to prep>e himself1 he sp5t ! :ole ( x 9 consid]+ & dige/+ 8 cause4 ,:5 ! day ( trial 0 come1 ,rutilius himself1 at ! reque/ ( ! def5dants1 w5t e>ly 9 ! morn+ to ,galba1 to give him notice ( x1 & conduct him to ! c\rt 9 prop] "t4 ,b till ^w 0 br\ght t ! ,consuls 7 go+ to ! b5*1 he conf9$ himself 9 8 /udy1 :]e he suff]$ no "o to be admitt$2 & cont9u$ v busy 9 dictat+ to 8 ,amanu5ses1 sev]al ( :om 7z inde$ he (t5 us$ to d7 he kept fully employ$ at once4 ,:ile he 0 ?us engag$1 be+ in=m$ t x 0 high "t = him to appe> 9 c\rt1 he left 8 h\se ) s mu* life 9 8 eyes1 & su* an ard5t gl[ ^u 8 c\nt5ance1 t y w\ld h ?\ght he _h n only prep>$ 8 cause1 b actually c>ri$ x4 ,rutilius add$1 z ano!r circum/ance wor? notic+1 t 8 scribes1 :o att5d$ him to ! b>1 appe>$ excessively fatigu$3 f :5ce he ?\ght x probable t he 0 equally w>m & vigor\s 9 ! composition1 z 9 ! deliv]y ( 8 spee*es4 ,b to conclude ! /ory1 ,galba plead$ 8 cause be=e ,laelius himself1 & a v num]\s & att5tive audi5ce1 ) su* uncommon =ce & dignity1 t e "p ( 8 ,oration receiv$ ! applause ( 8 he>]s3 & s p[]fully did he move ! feel+s1 & affect ! pity ( ! judges1 t 8 cli5ts 7 imm$iately acquitt$ ( ! *>ge1 to ! satisfaction ( ! :ole c\rt4 ,z1 !re=e1 ! two pr9cipal qualities requir$ 9 an ,orator1 are to be neat & cle> 9 /at+ ! nature ( 8 subject1 & w>m & =cible 9 mov+ ! passions2 & z he :o fires & inflames 8 audi5ce1 w always effect m ?an he :o c b>ely in=m & amuse !m2 we may conjecture f ! above n>rative1 :i* ,i 0 fav\r$ ) by ,rutilius1 t ,laelius 0 mo/ admir$ = 8 elegance1 & ,galba = 8 pa!tic =ce4 ,b ?is =ce ( 8 0 mo/ rem>kably ex]t$1 :51 hav+ 9 8 ,praetor%ip put to dea? "s ,lusitanians1 contr>y 7x 0 believ$7 to 8 previ\s & express engagem5t2--,t4 ,libo ! ,tribune exasp]at$ ! p aga9/ him1 & pref]r$ a bill :i* 0 to op]ate aga9/ 8 conduct z a subsequ5t law4 ,m4 ,cato 7z ,i h be=e m5tion$7 ?\gh extremely old1 spoke 9 support ( ! bill ) great vehem5ce2 :i* ,spee* he ins]t$ 9 8 ,book ( ,antiquities1 a few days1 or at mo/ only a mon? or two1 be=e 8 dea?4 ,on ?is occasion1 ,galba refus+ to plead to ! *>ge1 & submitt+ 8 fate to ! g5]osity ( ! p1 recomm5d$ 8 *ildr5 to _! protection1 ) te>s 9 8 eyes2 & p>ticul>ly 8 "y w>d ! son ( ,c4 ,gallus ,sulpicius 8 deceas$ fri5d1 ^: orphan /ate & pi]c+ cries1 :i* 7 ! m reg>d$ = ! sake ( 8 illu/ri\s fa!r1 excit$ _! pity 9 a wond]ful mann]2--& ?us 7z ,cato in=ms u 9 8 ,hi/ory7 he escap$ ! flames :i* w\ld o!rwise h consum$ him1 by employ+ ! *ildr5 to move ! compassion ( ! p4 ,i likewise f9d 7:at may be easily judg$ f 8 ,orations /ill extant7 t 8 prosecutor ,libo 0 a man ( "s ,eloqu5ce4 ,z ,i conclud$ ^! rem>ks ) a %ort pause2--,:at c be ! reason1 said ,brutus1 if !re 0 s mu* m]it 9 ! ,oratory ( ,galba1 t !re is no trace ( x to be se5 9 8 ,orations2--a circum/ance :i* ,i h no opportunity to be surpriz$ at 9 o!rs1 :o h left no?+ beh9d !m 9 writ+4--,! reasons1 said ,i1 :y "s h n wrote any ?+1 & o!rs n s well z !y spoke1 are v diff]5t4 ,"s ( our ,orators h writ no?+ ?r\gh m]e indol5ce1 & because !y 7 loa? to add a private fatigue to a public "o3 = mo/ ( ! ,orations we are n[ possess$ ( 7 writt5 n be=e !y 7 spok51 b "s "t aft]w>ds4 ,o!rs did n *oose ! tr\ble ( improv+ !mselves2 to :i* no?+ m contributes ?an frequ5t writ+2 & z to p]petuat+ ! fame ( _! ,eloqu5ce1 !y ?\ght x unnecess>y2 suppos+ t _! em95ce 9 t respect 0 suffici5tly e/abli%$ already1 & t x w\ld be r dim9i%$ ?an increas$ by submitt+ any writt5 specim5 ( x to ! arbitr>y te/ ( criticism4 ,"s also 7 s5sible t !y spoke mu* bett] ?an !y 7 able to write2 :i* is g5]ally ! case ( ^? :o h a great g5ius1 b little le>n+1 su* z ,s]vius ,galba4 ,:5 he spoke1 he 0 p]haps s mu* animat$ by ! =ce ( 8 abilities1 & ! natural w>m? & impetuosity ( 8 temp]1 t 8 language 0 rapid1 bold1 & /rik+2 b aft]w>ds1 :5 he took up ! p5 9 8 leisure h\rs1 & 8 passion _h sunk into a calm1 8 ,elocution became dull & languid4 ,?is inde$ c nev] happ5 to ^? ^: only aim is to be neat & poli%$2 because an ,orator may always be ma/] ( t discretion :i* w enable him bo? to speak & write 9 ! same agreeable mann]3 b no man c revive at pleasure ! ard\r ( 8 passions2 & :5 t has once subsid$1 ! fire & pa?os ( 8 language w be ext+ui%$4 ,?is is ! reason :y ! calm & easy _s ( ,laelius seems /ill to brea! 9 8 writ+s1 :]eas ! =ce ( ,galba is entirely )]$ & lo/4 ,we may also reckon 9 ! numb] ( middl+ ,orators1 ! two bro!rs ,l4 & ,sp4 ,mummius1 bo? ^: ,orations are /ill 9 be+3--! /yle ( ,lucius is pla9 & antiquat$2 b t ( ,spurius1 ?\gh equally unembelli%$1 is m close1 & compact2 = he 0 well v]s$ 9 ! doctr9e ( ! ,/oics4 ,! ,orations ( ,sp4 ,alp9us1 _! cotempor>y1 are v num]\s3 & we h sev]al by ,l4 & ,c4 ,aurelius ,ore/a1 :o 7 e/eem$ indiff]5t ,speak]s4 ,p4 ,popilius also 0 a wor?y citiz51 & _h a tol]able %>e ( utt]ance3 b 8 son ,caius 0 really eloqu5t4 ,to ^! we may add ,c4 ,tuditanus1 :o 0 n only v poli%$1 & g5teel1 9 8 mann]s & appe>ance1 b _h an elegant turn ( expression2 & ( ! same class 0 ,m4 ,octavius1 a man ( inflexible con/ancy 9 e j & laudable measure2 & :o1 aft] be+ affront$ & disgrac$ 9 ! mo/ public mann]1 defeat$ 8 rival ,tib]ius ,grac*us by ! m]e d9t ( 8 p]sev]ance4 ,b ,m4 ,aemilius ,lepidus1 :o 0 surnam$ ,porc9a1 & fl\ri%$ at ! same "t z ,galba1 ?\gh he 0 inde$ some?+ y\ng]1 0 e/eem$ an ,orator ( ! fir/ em95ce2 & really appe>s1 f 8 ,orations :i* are /ill extant1 to h be5 a ma/]ly writ]4 ,= he 0 ! fir/ ,speak]1 among ! ,romans1 :o gave u a specim5 ( ! easy gracefulness ( ! ,greeks2 & :o 0 di/+ui%$ by ! measur$ fl[ ( 8 language1 & a /yle regul>ly poli%$ & improv$ by art4 ,8 mann] 0 c>efully /udi$ by ,c4 ,c>bo & ,tib4 ,grac*us1 two accompli%$ y\?s :o 7 ne>ly ( an age3 b we mu/ def] _! "* z public ,speak]s1 till we h f9i%$ our acc\nt ( _! eld]s4 ,= ,q4 ,pompeius1 accord+ to ! /yle ( ! "t1 0 no contemptible ,orator2 & actually rais$ himself to ! highe/ hon\rs ( ! ,/ate by 8 own p]sonal m]it1 & )\t be+ recomm5d$1 z usual1 by ! quality ( 8 ance/ors4 ,lucius ,cassius too d]iv$ 8 influ5ce1 :i* 0 v consid]able1 n inde$ f 8 ,eloqu5ce1 b f 8 manly way ( speak+3 = x is rem>kable t he made himself popul>1 n1 z o!rs did1 by 8 complaisance & lib]ality1 b by ! gloomy rig\r & sev]ity ( 8 mann]s4 ,8 law = collect+ ! votes ( ! p by way ( ballot1 0 /rongly oppos$ by ! ,tribune ,m4 ,antius ,briso1 :o 0 support$ by ,m4 ,lepidus "o ( ! ,consuls3 & x 0 aft]w>ds object$ to ,africanus1 t ,briso dropp$ ! opposition by 8 advice4 ,at ?is "t ! two ,scipios 7 v s]viceable to a numb] ( cli5ts by _! sup]ior judgm5t1 & ,eloqu5ce2 b /ill m s by _! ext5sive int]e/ & popul>ity4 ,b ! writt5 spee*es ( ,pompeius 7?\gh x mu/ be own$ !y h r an antiquat$ air7 discov] an amaz+ sagacity1 & are v f> f be+ dry & spiritless4 ,to ^! we mu/ add ,p4 ,crassus1 an orator ( uncommon m]it1 :o 0 qualifi$ = ! pr(ession by ! unit$ ef=ts ( art & nature1 & enjoy$ "s o!r advantages :i* 7 almo/ peculi> to 8 family4 ,= he _h contract$ an aff9ity ) t accompli%$ ,speak] ,s]vius ,galba above-m5tion$1 by giv+ 8 daught] 9 m>riage to ,galba's son2 & be+ likewise himself ! son ( ,mucius1 & ! bro!r ( ,p4 ,scaevola1 he _h a f9e opportunity at home 7:i* he made ! be/ use (7 to ga9 a ?or\gh k ( ! ,civil ,law4 ,he 0 a man ( unusual application1 & 0 mu* belov$ by 8 fell[-citiz5s2 be+ con/antly employ$ ei!r 9 giv+ 8 advice1 or plead+ causes 9 ! ,=um4 ,cotempor>y ) ! ,speak]s ,i h m5tion$ 7 ! two ,c4 ,fannii1 ! sons ( ,c4 & ,m4 "o ( :om1 7! son ( ,c47 :o 0 jo9t ,consul ) ,domitius1 has left u an excell5t spee* aga9/ ,grac*us1 :o propos$ ! admission ( ! ,lat9 & ,italian allies to ! fre$om ( ,rome4--,d y really ?9k1 !n1 said ,atticus1 t ,fannius 0 ! au?or ( t ,oration8 ,= :5 we 7 "y1 !re 7 diff]5t op9ions ab\t x4 ,"s ass]t$ x 0 wrote by ,c4 ,p]sius1 a man ( lett]s1 & ! same :o is s mu* extoll$ = 8 le>n+ by ,lucilius3 & o!rs believ$ x 0 ! jo9t production ( a numb] ( noblem51 ea* ( :om contribut$ 8 be/ to complete x4--,?is ,i rememb]1 said ,i2 b ,i c\ld nev] p]suade myself to co9cide ) ei!r ( !m4 ,_! suspicion1 ,i believe1 0 entirely f\nd$ on ! "* ( ,fannius1 :o 0 only reckon$ among ! middl+ ,orators2 :]eas ! spee* 9 "q is e/eem$ ! be/ :i* ! "t af=d$4 ,b1 on ! o!r h&1 x is too mu* ( a piece to h be5 ! m+l$ composition ( _m3 = ! fl[ ( ! p]iods1 & ! turn ( ! language1 are p]fectly simil>1 ?r\gh\t ! :ole ( x4--& z to ,p]sius1 if he _h compos$ x = ,fannius to pron\nce1 ,grac*us w\ld c]ta9ly h tak5 "s notice ( x 9 8 reply2 because ,fannius rallies ,grac*us pretty sev]ely1 9 "o "p ( x1 = employ+ ,m5elaus ( ,m>a?on1 & sev]al o!rs1 to manufacture 8 spee*es4 ,we may add t ,fannius himself 0 no contemptible ,orator3 = he plead$ a numb] ( causes1 & 8 ,tribune%ip1 :i* 0 *iefly conduct$ "u ! managem5t & direction ( ,p4 ,africanus1 0 v f> f be+ an idle "o4 ,b ! o!r ,c4 ,fannius1 7! son ( ,m47 & son- 9-law ( ,c4 ,laelius1 0 ( a r\gh] ca/1 bo? 9 8 temp]1 & mann] ( speak+4 ,by ! advice ( 8 fa!r-9-law1 7( :om1 by ! bye1 he 0 n rem>kably fond1 because he _h n vot$ = 8 admission into ! college ( augurs1 b gave ! pref]5ce to 8 y\ng] son-9-law ,q4 ,scaevola2 ?\gh ,laelius g5teely excus$ himself1 by say+ t ! pref]5ce 0 n giv5 to ! y\nge/ son1 b to 8 wife ! elde/ daught]17 by 8 advice1 ,i say1 he att5d$ ! lectures ( ,panaetius4 ,8 abilities z a ,speak] may be easily conjectur$ f 8 ,hi/ory1 :i* is nei!r de/itute ( elegance1 nor a p]fect model ( composition4 ,z to 8 bro!r ,mucius ! augur1 :5ev] he 0 call$ ^u to def5d himself1 he always plead$ 8 own cause2 z1 = in/ance1 9 ! action :i* 0 br\ght aga9/ him = brib]y by ,t4 ,albucius4 ,b he 0 nev] rank$ among ! ,orators2 8 *ief m]it be+ a critical k ( ! ,civil ,law1 & an uncommon accuracy ( judgm5t4 ,l4 ,caelius ,antipat] likewise 7z y may see by 8 works7 0 an elegant & a h&some writ] = ! "t he liv$ 92 he 0 also an excell5t ,lawy]1 & taught ! pr9ciples ( jurisprud5ce to _m o!rs1 p>ticul>ly to ,l4 ,crassus4 ,z to ,caius ,c>bo & ,t4 ,grac*us1 ,i wi% !y _h be5 z well incl9$ to ma9ta9 peace & good ord] 9 ! ,/ate1 z !y 7 qualifi$ to support x by _! ,eloqu5ce3 _! glory w\ld !n h be5 out-rival$ by no "o4 ,b ! latt]1 = 8 turbul5t ,tribune%ip1 :i* he ent]$ ^u ) a he>t full ( res5tm5t aga9/ ! great & good1 on acc\nt ( ! odium he _h br\ght ^u himself by ! treaty ( ,numantia1 0 sla9 by ! h&s ( ! ,republic3 & ! o!r1 be+ impea*$ ( a s$iti\s affectation ( popul>ity1 rescu$ himself f ! sev]ity ( ! judges by a volunt>y dea?4 ,t bo? ( !m 7 excell5t ,speak]s1 is v pla9 f ! g5]al te/imony ( _! cotempor>ies3 = z to _! ,spee*es n[ extant1 ?\gh ,i all[ !m to be v artful & judici\s1 !y are c]ta9ly defective 9 ,elocution4 ,grac*us _h ! advantage ( be+ c>efully in/ruct$ by 8 "m ,cornelia f 8 v *ildhood1 & 8 m9d 0 enri*$ ) all ! /ores ( ,grecian lit]ature3 = he 0 con/antly att5d$ by ! able/ ma/]s f ,greece1 & p>ticul>ly1 9 8 y\?1 by ,diophanes ( ,mityl5e1 :o 0 ! mo/ eloqu5t ,grecian ( 8 age3 b ?\gh he 0 a man ( uncommon g5ius1 he _h b a %ort "t to improve & display x4 ,z to ,c>bo1 8 :ole life 0 sp5t 9 trials1 & =5sic debates4 ,he is said by v s5sible m5 :o he>d him1 &1 among o!rs1 by our fri5d ,l4 ,gellius :o liv$ 9 8 family 9 ! "t ( 8 ,consul%ip1 to h be5 a sonor\s1 a flu5t1 & a spirit$ ,speak]1 & likewise1 ^u occasion1 v pa!tic1 v engag+1 & excessively humor\s3 ,gellius us$ to add1 t he appli$ himself v closely to 8 /udies1 & be/[$ mu* ( 8 "t 9 writ+ & private declamation4 ,he 01 !re=e1 e/eem$ ! be/ plead] ( 8 "t2 = no soon] _h he began to di/+ui% himself 9 ! ,=um1 b ! depravity ( ! age gave bir? to a numb] ( law-suits2 & x 0 fir/ f\nd necess>y1 9 ! "t ( 8 y\?1 to settle ! =m ( public trials1 :i* _h nev] be5 done be=e4 ,we accord+ly f9d t ,l4 ,piso1 !n a ,tribune ( ! p1 0 ! fir/ :o propos$ a law aga9/ brib]y2 :i* he did :5 ,c5sor9us & ,manilius 7 ,consuls4 ,?is ,piso too 0 a pr(ess$ plead]1 & ! propos] & oppos] ( a great numb] ( laws3 he left "s ,orations beh9d him1 :i* are n[ lo/1 & a ,book ( ,annals v indiff]5tly writt54 ,b 9 ! public trials1 9 :i* ,c>bo 0 conc]n$1 ! assi/ance ( an able advocate _h become m necess>y ?an ev]1 9 consequ5ce ( ! law = vot+ by ballots1 :i* 0 propos$ & c>ri$ by ,l4 ,cassius1 9 ! ,consul%ip ( ,lepidus & ,manc9us4 ,i h likewise be5 (t5 assur$ by ! poet ,attius1 7an intimate fri5d ( 87 t y\r ance/or ,d4 ,brutus1 ! son ( ,m4 0 no inelegant ,speak]2 & t = ! "t he liv$ 91 he 0 well v]s$ bo? 9 ! ,greek & ,roman lit]ature4 ,he ascrib$ ! same accompli%m5ts to ,q4 ,maximus1 ! gr&son ( ,l4 ,paulus3 & add$ t1 a little prior to ,maximus1 ! ,scipio1 by ^: in/igation 7?\gh only 9 a private capacity7 ,t4 ,grac*us 0 assass9at$1 0 n only a man ( great ard\r 9 all o!r respects1 b v w>m & spirit$ 9 8 mann] ( speak+4 ,p4 ,l5tulus too1 ! ,fa!r ( ! ,s5ate1 _h a suffici5t %>e ( eloqu5ce = an hone/ & useful magi/rate4 ,ab\t ! same "t ,l4 ,furius ,philus 0 ?\ght to speak our language z elegantly1 & m correctly ?an any o!r man2 ,p4 ,scaevola to be v artful & judici\s1 & r m flu5t ?an ,philus2 ,m4 ,manilius to possess almo/ an equal %>e ( judgm5t ) ! latt]2 & ,appius ,claudius to be equally flu5t1 b m w>m & pa!tic4 ,m4 ,fulvius ,flaccus1 & ,c4 ,cato ! nephew ( ,africanus1 7 likewise tol]able ,orators3 "s ( ! writ+s ( ,flaccus are /ill 9 be+1 9 :i* no?+1 h[ev]1 is to be se5 b ! m]e s*ol>4 ,p4 ,decius 0 a pr(ess$ rival ( ,flaccus2 he too 0 n de/itute ( ,eloqu5ce2 b 8 /yle1 z well z 8 temp]1 0 too viol5t4 ,m4 ,drusus ! son ( ,c4 :o1 9 8 ,tribune%ip1 baffl$ ,footnote3 ,laffiea4 ,9 ! orig9al x runs1 ,caium ,grac*um collegam1 it]um ,trib9um fecit4 b ?is 0 und\bt$ly a mi/ake ( ! transcrib]1 z be+ contr>y n only to ! tru? ( ,hi/ory1 b to ,cic]o's own acc\nt ( ! matt] 9 lib4 ,,iv4 ,di ,f9ibus4 ,pighius !re=e has v prop]ly recomm5d$ ! ^w fregit in/ead ( fecit4 8 colleague ,grac*us 7!n rais$ to ! same (fice a second "t7 0 a n]v\s ,speak]1 & a man ( great popul>ity3 & next to him 0 8 bro!r ,c4 ,drusus4 ,y\r k9sman also1 my ,brutus1 7,m4 ,p5nus7 successfully oppos$ ! ,tribune ,grac*us1 :o 0 some?+ y\ng] ?an himself4 ,= ,grac*us 0 ,quae/or1 & ,p5nus 7! son ( t ,m4 :o 0 jo9t ,consul ) ,q4 ,aelius7 0 ,tribune1 9 ! ,consul%ip ( ,m4 ,lepidus & ,l4 ,ore/es3 b aft] enjoy+ ! ,a$ile%ip1 & a prospect3 ( succe$+ to ! highe/ hon\rs1 he 0 snat*$ (f by an untimely dea?4 ,z to ,t4 ,flam9ius1 :om ,i myself h se51 ,i c le>n no?+ b t he spoke our language ) great accuracy4 ,to ^! we may jo9 ,c4 ,curio1 ,m4 ,scaurus1 ,p4 ,rutilius1 & ,c4 ,grac*us4 ,x w n be amiss to give a %ort acc\nt ( ,scaurus & ,rutilius2 nei!r ( :om1 inde$1 _h ! reputation ( be+ a fir/- rate ,orator1 ?\gh ea* ( !m plead$ a numb] ( causes4 ,b "s des]v+ m51 :o 7 n rem>kable = _! g5ius1 may be ju/ly comm5d$ = _! indu/ry2 n t ! p]sons ,i am speak+ ( 7 really de/itute ( g5ius1 b only ( t p>ticul> k9d ( x :i* di/+ui%es ! ,orator4 ,= x is ( little consequ5ce to discov] :at is prop] to be said1 unless y are able to express x 9 a free & agreeable mann]3 & ev5 t w be insuffici5t1 if n recomm5d$ by ! voice1 ! look1 & ! ge/ure4 ,x is ne$less to add t mu* dep5ds ^u ,art3 = ?\gh1 ev5 )\t ?is1 x is possible1 by ! m]e =ce ( nature1 to say _m /rik+ ?+s2 yet1 z !y w aft] all be no?+ m ?an s _m lucky hits1 we %all n be able to repeat !m at our pleasure4 ,! /yle ( ,scaurus1 :o 0 a v s5sible & hone/ man1 0 rem>kably s]i\s1 & comm&$ ! respect ( ! he>]3 s t :5 he 0 speak+ = 8 cli5t1 y w\ld r h ?\ght he 0 giv+ evid5ce 9 8 fav\r1 ?an plead+ 8 cause4 ,?is mann] ( speak+1 h[ev]1 ?\gh b indiff]5tly adapt$ to ! b>1 0 v mu* s to a calm1 debate 9 ! ,s5ate1 ( :i* ,scaurus 0 !n e/eem$ ! ,fa!r3 = x n only bespoke 8 prud5ce1 b :at 0 /ill a m important recomm5dation1 8 cr$ibility4 ,?is advantage1 :i* x is n easy to acquire by art1 he d]iv$ entirely f nature3 ?\gh y "k t ev5 "h we h "s precepts to assi/ u4 ,we h sev]al ( 8 ,orations /ill extant1 & ?ree books inscrib$ to ,l4 ,fufidius conta9+ ! ,hi/ory ( 8 own ,life1 :i*1 ?\gh a v useful "w1 is sc>cely read by any body4 ,b ! ,in/itution ( ,cyrus1 by ,x5ophon1 is read by e "o2 :i*1 ?\gh an excell5t p]=mance ( ! k9d1 is mu* less adapt$ to our mann]s & =m ( gov]nm5t1 & n sup]ior 9 m]it to ! hone/ simplicity ( ,scaurus4 ,fufidius himself 0 likewise a tol]able plead]4 ,b ,rutilius 0 di/+ui%$ by 8 solemn & au/]e way ( speak+2 & bo? ( !m 7 naturally w>m1 & spirit$4 ,accord+ly1 aft] !y _h rivall$ ea* o!r = ! ,consul%ip1 he :o _h lo/ 8 election1 imm$iately su$ 8 competitor = brib]y2 & ,scaurus1 ! def5dant1 be+ hon\rably acquitt$ ( ! *>ge1 return$ ! complim5t to ,rutilius1 by comm5c+ a simil> prosecution aga9/ him4 ,rutilius 0 a man ( great indu/ry & application2 = :i* he 0 ! m respect$1 because1 besides 8 plead+s1 he und]took ! (fice 7:i* 0 a v tr\blesome "o7 ( giv+ advice to all :o appli$ to him1 9 matt]s ( law4 ,8 ,orations are v dry1 b 8 juridical rem>ks are excell5t3 = he 0 a le>n$ man1 & well v]s$ 9 ! ,greek lit]ature1 & 0 likewise an att5tive & con/ant he>] ( ,panaetius1 & a ?or\gh pr(ici5t 9 ! doctr9e ( ! ,/oics2 ^: me?od ( disc\rs+1 ?\gh v close & artful1 is too precise1 & n at all adapt$ to engage ! att5tion ( common p4 ,t self- confid5ce1 !re=e1 :i* is s peculi> to ! sect1 0 display$ by him ) amaz+ firmness & resolution2 = ?\gh he 0 p]fectly innoc5t ( ! *>ge1 a prosecution 0 comm5c$ aga9/ him = brib]y 7a trial :i* rais$ a viol5t commotion 9 ! city7--& yet ?\gh ,l4 ,crassus & ,m4 ,antonius1 bo? ( ,consul> dignity1 71 at t "t1 9 v high repute = _! ,eloqu5ce1 he refus$ ! assi/ance ( ei!r2 be+ det]m9$ to plead 8 cause himself1 :i* he accord+ly did4 ,c4 ,cotta1 inde$1 :o 0 8 nephew1 made a %ort spee* 9 8 v9dication1 :i* he spoke 9 ! true /yle ( an ,orator1 ?\gh he 0 !n b a y\?4 ,q4 ,mucius too said mu* 9 8 def5ce1 ) 8 usual accuracy & elegance2 b n ) t =ce1 & ext5sion1 :i* ! mode ( trial1 & ! importance ( ! cause dem&$4 ,rutilius1 !re=e1 0 an ,orator ( ! ,/oical1 & ,scaurus ( ! ,antique ca/3 b !y are bo? entitl$ to our comm5dation2 because1 9 !m1 ev5 ?is =mal & unpromis+ species ( ,elocution has appe>$ among u ) "s degree ( m]it4 ,= z 9 ! ,!atre1 s 9 ! ,=um1 ,i w\ld n h our applause conf9$ to ^? alone :o act ! busy1 & m important *>act]s2 b res]ve a %>e ( x = ! quiet & unambiti\s p]=m] :o is di/+ui%$ by a simple tru? ( ge/ure1 )\t any viol5ce4 ,z ,i h m5tion$ ! ,/oics1 ,i mu/ take "s notice ( ,q4 ,aelius ,tub]o1 ! gr&son ( ,l4 ,paullus1 :o made 8 appe>ance at ! "t we are speak+ (4 ,he 0 nev] e/eem$ an ,orator1 b 0 a man ( ! mo/ rigid virtue1 & /rictly con=mable to ! doctr9e he pr(ess$3 b1 9 tru?1 he 0 r too crabb$4 ,9 8 ,triumvirate1 he decl>$1 contr>y to ! op9ion ( ,p4 ,africanus 8 uncle1 t ! ,augurs _h no "r ( exemption f sitt+ 9 ! c\rts ( ju/ice3 & z 9 8 temp]1 s 9 8 mann] ( speak+1 he 0 h>%1 unpoli%$1 & au/]e2 on :i* acc\nt1 he c\ld nev] raise himself to ! hon\rable ports :i* 7 enjoy$ by 8 ance/ors4 ,b he 0 a brave & /eady citiz51 & a w>m oppos] ( ,grac*us1 z appe>s f an ,oration ( ,grac*us aga9/ him3 we h likewise "s ( ,tub]o's spee*es aga9/ ,grac*us4 ,he 0 n inde$ a %9+ ,orator3 b he 0 a le>n$1 & a v skilfull disputant4 ,i f9d1 said ,brutus1 t ! case is mu* ! same among u1 z ) ! ,greeks2 & t ! ,/oics1 9 g5]al1 are v judici\s at an argum5t1 :i* !y conduct by c]ta9 rules ( art1 & are likewise v neat & exact 9 _! language2 b if we take !m f ?is1 to speak 9 ,public1 !y make a poor appe>ance4 ,cato1 h[ev]1 mu/ be except$2 9 :om1 ?\gh z rigid a ,/oic z ev] exi/$1 ,i c\ld n wi% = a m consummate degree ( ,eloqu5ce3 ,i c likewise discov] a mod]ate %>e ( x 9 ,fannius1--n s mu* 9 ,rutilius2--b none at all 9 ,tub]o4--,true1 said ,i2 & we may easily acc\nt = x3 ,_! :ole att5tion 0 s closely conf9$ to ! /udy ( ,logic1 t !y nev] tr\bl$ !mselves to acquire ! free1 diffusive1 & v>iegat$ /yle :i* is s necess>y = a public ,speak]4 ,b y\r uncle1 y d\btless "k1 0 wise en\gh to borr[ only t f ! ,/oics1 :i* !y 7 able to furni% = 8 purpose 7! art ( reason+37 b = ! art ( ,speak+1 he _h rec\rse to ! ma/]s ( ,rhetoric1 & ex]cis$ himself 9 ! mann] !y direct$4 ,if1 h[ev]1 we mu/ be indebt$ = ev]y?+ to ! ,philosoph]s1 ! ,p]ipatetic discipl9e is1 9 my m9d1 mu* ! prop]e/ to =m our language4 ,= :i* reason1 my ,brutus1 ,i ! m approve y\r *oice1 9 atta*+ y\rself to a sect1 7,i mean ! ,philosoph]s ( ! ,old ,academy17 9 ^: sy/em1 a j & accurate way ( reason+ is enliv5$ by a p]petual sweetness & flu5cy ( expression3 b ev5 ! delicate & fl[+ /yle ( ! ,p]ipatetics1 & ,academics1 is n suffici5t to complete an ,orator2 nor yet c he be complete )\t x4 ,= z ! language ( ! ,/oics is too close1 & contract$1 to suit ! e>s ( common p2 s t ( ! latt] is too diffusive & luxuriant = a spirit$ conte/ 9 ! ,=um1 or a plead+ at ! b>4 ,:o _h a ri*] /yle ?an ,plato8 ,! ,philosoph]s tell u1 t if ,jupit] himself 0 to conv]se 9 ,greek1 he w\ld speak l him4 ,:o also 0 m n]v\s ?an ,ari/otle8 ,:o sweet] ?an ,!ophra/us8 ,we are told t ev5 ,demo/h5es att5d$ ! lectures ( ,plato1 & 0 fond ( read+ :at he publi%$2 :i*1 inde$1 is suffici5tly evid5t f ! turn1 & ! maje/y ( 8 language & he himself has expressly m5tion$ x 9 "o ( 8 ,lett]s4 ,b ! /yle ( ?is excell5t ,orator is1 not)/&+1 mu* too fi]ce = ! ,academy2 z t ( ! ,philosoph]s is too mild & placid = ! ,=um4 ,i %all n[1 ) y\r leave1 proce$ to ! age & m]its ( ! re/ ( ! ,roman ,orators4--,no?+1 said ,atticus1 7= ,i c safely answ] = my fri5d ,brutus7 w\ld please u bett]4--,curio1 !n1 said ,i1 0 ne>ly ( ! age ,i h j m5tion$1--a celebrat$ ,speak]1 ^: g5ius may be easily decid$ f 8 ,orations4 ,=1 among sev]al o!rs1 we h a noble ,spee* ( 8 = ,s]4 ,fulvius1 9 a prosecution = ince/4 ,:5 we 7 *ildr51 x 0 e/eem$ ! be/ !n extant2 b n[ x is almo/ ov]look$ among ! num]\s p]=mances ( ! same k9d :i* h be5 lately publi%$4--,i am v s5sible1 repli$ ,brutus1 to :om we are oblig$ = ! num]\s p]=mances y speak (4--,& ,i am equally s5sible1 said ,i1 :o is ! p]son y int5d3 = ,i h at lea/ done a s]vice to my "y c\ntrym51 by introduc+ a l(ti]1 & m embelli%$ way ( speak+1 ?an 0 us$ be=e3 &1 p]haps1 ,i h also done "s h>m1 because aft] m9e appe>$1 ! ,spee*es ( our ance/ors & pr$ecessors began to be neglect$ by mo/ p2 ?\gh nev] by me1 = ,i c assure y1 ,i always pref] !m to my own4--,b y mu/ reckon me1 said ,brutus1 among ! mo/ p2 ?\gh ,i n[ see1 f y\r recomm5dation1 t ,i h a great _m books to read1 ( :i* be=e ,i _h v little op9ion4--,b ?is celebrat$ ,oration1 said ,i1 9 ! prosecution = ince/1 is 9 "s places excessively pu]ile2 & :at is said 9 x ( ! passion ( love1 ! inefficacy ( que/ion+ by tortures1 & ! dang] ( tru/+ to common he>-say1 is inde$ pretty en\gh1 b w\ld be insuff]able to ! tutor$ e>s ( ! mod]ns1 & to a p :o are ju/ly di/+ui%$ = ! solidity ( _! k4 ,he likewise wrote sev]al o!r pieces1 spoke a numb] ( good ,orations1 & 0 c]ta9ly an em95t plead]2 s t ,i mu* wond]1 consid]+ h[ long he liv$1 & ! "* he bore1 t he 0 nev] pref]r$ to ! ,consul%ip4 ,b ,i h a man "h1 ,footnote3 ,he ref]s1 p]haps1 to ! ,works ( ,grac*us1 :i* he might !n h 9 8 h&2 or1 m probably1 to a /atue ( him1 :i* /ood ne> ! place :]e he & 8 fri5ds 7 sitt+4 7,c4 ,grac*us7 :o _h an amaz+ g5ius1 & ! w>me/ application2 & 0 a ,s*ol> f 8 v *ildhood3 ,= y mu/ n imag9e1 my ,brutus1 t we h ev] yet _h a ,speak]1 ^: language 0 ri*] & m copi\s ?an 84--,i really ?9k s1 answ]$ ,brutus2 & he is almo/ ! only au?or we h1 among ! anci5ts1 t ,i take ! tr\ble to read4 ,& he well des]ves x1 said ,i2 = ! ,roman "n & lit]ature 7 great los]s by 8 untimely fate4 ,i wi% he _h transf]r$ 8 affection = 8 bro!r to 8 c\ntry6 ,h[ easily1 if he _h ?us prolong$ 8 life1 w\ld he h rivall$ ! glory ( 8 fa!r1 & gr&fa!r6 ,9 ,eloqu5ce1 ,i sc>cely "k :e!r we %\ld yet h _h 8 equal4 ,8 language 0 noble2 8 s5tim5ts manly & judici\s2 & 8 :ole mann] great & /rik+4 ,he want$ no?+ b ! f9i%+ t\*3 = ?\gh 8 fir/ attempts 7 z excell5t z !y 7 num]\s1 he did n live to complete !m4 ,9 %ort1 my ,brutus1 he1 if any "o1 %\ld be c>efully /udi$ by ! ,roman y\?3 = he is able1 n only to edge1 b to fe$ & rip5 _! tal5ts4 ,aft] him appe>$ ,c4 ,galba1 ! son ( ! eloqu5t ,s]vius1 & ! son-9-law ( ,p4 ,crassus1 :o 0 bo? an em95t ,speak]1 & a skilful ,civilian4 ,he 0 mu* comm5d$ by our fa!rs1 :o respect$ him = ! sake ( 83 b he _h ! mis=tune to be /opp$ 9 8 c>e]4 ,= be+ tri$ by ! ,mamilian law1 z a p>ty conc]n$ 9 ! conspiracy to support ,jugur?a1 ?\gh he ex]t$ all 8 abilities to def5d himself1 he 0 unhappily ca/4 ,8 p]oration1 or1 z x is (t5 call$1 8 epilogue1 is /ill extant2 & 0 s mu* 9 repute1 :5 we 7 s*ool-boys1 t we us$ to le>n x by he>t3 he 0 ! fir/ memb] ( ! ,sac]dotal ,college1 s9ce ! build+ ( ,rome1 :o 0 publicly tri$ & condemn$4 ,z to ,p4 ,scipio1 :o di$ 9 8 ,consul%ip1 he nei!r spoke mu*1 nor (t53 b he 0 inf]ior to no "o 9 ! purity ( 8 language1 & sup]ior to all 9 wit & pleasantry4 ,8 colleague ,l4 ,be/ia1 :o begun 8 ,tribune%ip v successfully1 7=1 by a law :i* he pref]r$ = ! purpose1 he procur$ ! recall ( ,popillius1 :o _h be5 exil$ by ! influ5ce ( ,caius ,grac*us7 0 a man ( _s1 & a tol]able ,speak]3 b he did n f9i% 8 ,consul%ip s happily4 ,=1 9 consequ5ce ( ! invidi\s law ( ,mamilius above-m5tion$1 ,c4 ,galba "o ( ! ,prie/s1 & ! f\r ,consul> g5tlem5 ,l4 ,be/ia1 ,c4 ,cato1 ,sp4 ,alb9us1 & t excell5t citiz5 ,l4 ,opimius1 :o kill$ ,grac*us2 ( :i* he 0 acquitt$ by ! p1 ?\gh he _h con/antly sid$ aga9/ !m1--7 all condemn$ by _! judges1 :o 7 ( ! ,grac*an p>ty4 ,v unlike him 9 8 ,tribune%ip1 & inde$ 9 e o!r "p ( 8 life1 0 t infam\s citiz5 ,c4 ,lic9ius ,n]va2 b he 0 n de/itute ( ,eloqu5ce4 ,ne>ly at ! same "t1 7?\gh1 inde$1 he 0 some:at old]7 fl\ri%$ ,c4 ,fimbria1 :o 0 r r\gh & abusive1 & mu* too w>m & ha/y3 b 8 application1 & 8 great integrity & firmness made him a s]viceable ,speak] 9 ! ,s5ate4 ,he 0 likewise a tol]able ,plead]1 & ,civilian1 & di/+ui%$ by ! same rigid fre$om 9 ! turn ( 8 language1 z 9 t ( 8 virtues4 ,:5 we 7 boys1 we us$ to ?9k 8 ,orations wor? read+2 ?\gh !y are n[ sc>cely to be met )4 ,b ,c4 ,sextius ,calv9us 0 equally elegant bo? 9 8 ta/e1 & 8 language1 ?\gh1 unhappily1 ( a v infirm con/itution3--:5 ! pa9 9 8 feet int]mitt$1 he did n decl9e ! tr\ble ( plead+1 b he did n attempt x v (t54 ,8 fell[-citiz5s1 !re=e1 made use ( 8 advice1 :5ev] !y _h occasion = x2 b ( 8 patronage1 only :5 8 heal? p]mitt$4 ,cotempor>y ) ^!1 my good fri5d1 0 y\r namesake ,m4 ,brutus1 ! disgrace ( y\r noble family2 :o1 ?\gh he bore t hon\rable "n1 & _h ! be/ ( m51 & an em95t ,civilian1 = 8 fa!r1 conf9$ 8 practice to accusations1 z ,lycurgus is said to h done at ,a!ns4 ,he nev] su$ = any ( our magi/racies2 b 0 a sev]e1 & a tr\blesome prosecutor3 s t we easily see t1 9 him1 ! natural goodness ( ! flock 0 corrupt$ by ! vici\s incl9ations ( ! man4 ,at ! same "t liv$ ,l4 ,caesul5us1 a man ( ,plebeian rank1 & a pr(ess$ accus]1 l ! =m]3 ,i myself he>d him 9 8 old age1 :5 he endeav\r$1 by ! ,aquilian law1 to subject ,l4 ,sabellius to a f9e1 = a brea* ( ju/ice4 ,b ,i %\ld n h tak5 any notice ( su* a l[-born wret*1 if ,i _h n ?\ght t no p]son ,i ev] he>d1 c\ld give a m suspici\s turn to ! cause ( ! def5dant1 or exagg]ate x to a high] degree ( crim9ality4 ,t4 ,albucius1 :o liv$ 9 ! same age1 0 well v]s$ 9 ! ,grecian lit]ature1 or1 r1 0 almo/ a ,greek himself4 ,i speak ( him1 z ,i ?9k2 b any p]son1 :o pleases1 may judge :at he 0 by 8 ,orations4 ,9 8 y\?1 he /udi$ at ,a!ns1 & return$ f !nce a ?or\gh pr(ici5t 9 ! doctr9e ( ,epicurus2 :i*1 ( all o!rs1 is ! lea/ adapt$ to =m an orator4 ,8 cotempor>y1 ,q4 ,catulus1 0 an accompli%$ ,speak]1 n 9 ! anci5t ta/e1 b 7unless any ?+ m p]fect c be exhibit$7 9 ! f9i%$ /yle ( ! mod]ns4 ,he _h a pl5tiful /ock ( le>n+2 an easy1 w9n+ elegance1 n only 9 8 mann]s & disposition1 b 9 8 v language2 & an unblemi%$ purity & correctness ( /yle4 ,?is may be easily se5 by 8 ,orations2 & p>ticul>ly1 by ! ,hi/ory ( 8 ,consul%ip1 & ( 8 subsequ5t transactions1 :i* he compos$ 9 ! s(t & agreeable mann] ( ,x5ophon1 & made a pres5t ( to ! poet1 ,a4 ,furius1 an intimate acqua9tance ( 83 b ?is p]=mance is z little kn[n1 z ! ?ree books ( ,scaurus be=e-m5tion$4--,inde$1 ,i mu/ confess1 said ,brutus1 t bo? ! "o & ! o!r1 are p]fectly unkn[n to me3 b t is entirely my own fault4 ,i %all n[1 !re=e1 reque/ a sight ( !m f y2 & am resolv$1 9 future1 to be m c>eful 9 collect+ su* valuable curiosities4--,?is ,catulus1 said ,i1 z ,i h j obs]v$1 0 di/+ui%$ by ! purity ( 8 language2 :i*1 ?\gh a mat]ial accompli%m5t1 is too mu* neglect$ by mo/ ( ! ,roman orators2 = z to ! elegant tone ( 8 voice1 & ! sweetness ( 8 acc5t1 z y knew 8 son1 x w be ne$less to take any notice ( !m4 ,8 son1 inde$1 0 n 9 ! li/ ( ,orators3 b :5ev] he _h occasion to deliv] 8 s5tim5ts 9 public1 he nei!r want$ judgm5t1 nor a neat & lib]al turn ( expression4 ,nay1 ev5 ! fa!r himself 0 n reckon$ ! =emo/ 9 ! li/ ( ,orators3 b /ill he _h t k9d ( m]it1 t not)/&+1 aft] y _h he>d two or ?ree speak]s1 :o 7 p>ticul>ly em95t 9 _! pr(ession1 y might judge him inf]ior2 yet1 :5ev] y he>d him alone1 & )\t an imm$iate opportunity ( mak+ a comp>ison1 y w\ld n only be satisfi$ ) him1 b sc>cely wi% = a bett] advocate4 ,z to ,q4 ,metellus ,numidicus1 & 8 ,colleague ,m4 ,silanus1 !y spoke1 on matt]s ( gov]nm5t1 ) z mu* eloqu5ce z 0 really necess>y = m5 ( _! illu/ri\s "*1 & ( consul> dignity4 ,b ,m4 ,aurelius ,scaurus1 ?\gh he spoke 9 public b seldom1 always spoke v neatly1 & he _h a m elegant comm& ( ! ,roman language ?an mo/ m54 ,a4 ,alb9us 0 a speak] ( ! same k9d2 b ,alb9us1 ! ,flam51 0 e/eem$ an orator4 ,q4 ,capio too _h a great deal ( _s1 & 0 a brave citiz53 b ! unlucky *ance ( w> 0 imput$ to him z a crime1 & ! g5]al odium ( ! p prov$ 8 ru94 ,c4 & ,l4 ,memmius 7 likewise indiff]5t orators1 & di/+ui%$ by ! bitt]ness & asp]ity ( _! accusations3 = !y prosecut$ _m1 b seldom spoke = ! def5dant4 ,sp4 ,torius1 on ! o!r h&1 0 di/+ui%$ by 8 popul> way ( speak+2 ! v same man1 :o1 by 8 corrupt & frivol\s law1 dim9i%$ ,footnote3 ,by divid+ great "p ( !m among ! p4 ! taxes :i* 7 levi$ on ! public l&s4 ,m4 ,m>cellus1 ! fa!r ( ,aes]n9us1 ?\gh n reckon$ a pr(ess$ plead]1 0 a prompt1 &1 9 "s degree1 a practis$ speak]2 z 0 also 8 son ,p4 ,l5tulus4 ,l4 ,cotta likewise1 a man ( ,praetorian rank1 0 e/eem$ a tol]able orator2 b he nev] made any great progress2 on ! contr>y1 he purposely endeav\r$1 bo? 9 ! *oice ( 8 words1 & ! ru/icity ( 8 pronunciation1 to imitate ! mann] ( ! anci5ts4 ,i am inde$ s5sible t 9 ?is in/ance ( ,cotta1 & 9 _m o!rs1 ,i h1 & %all aga9 ins]t 9 ! li/ ( ,orators1 ^? :o1 9 reality1 _h b little claim to ! "*4 ,= x 01 pr(ess$ly1 my design1 to collect an acc\nt ( all ! ,romans1 )\t exception1 :o made x _! bus9ess to excel 9 ! pr(ession ( ,eloqu5ce3 & x may be easily se5 f ?is acc\nt1 by :at sl[ gradations !y advanc$1 & h[ excessively difficult x is1 9 e ?+1 to rise to ! summit ( p]fection4 ,z a pro( ( ?is1 h[ _m orators h be5 already rec\nt$1 & h[ mu* "t h we be/[$ ^u !m1 be=e we c\ld =ce our way1 aft] inf9ite fatigue & drudg]y1 z1 among ! ,greek's1 to ,demo/h5es & ,hyp]ides1 s n[1 among our own c\ntrym51 to ,antonius & ,crassus6 ,=1 9 my m9d1 ^! 7 consummate ,orators1 & ! fir/ among ! ,romans ^: diffusive ,eloqu5ce rivall$ ! glory ( ! ,greeks4 ,antonius discov]$ e ?+ :i* c\ld be ( s]vice to 8 cause1 & t 9 ! v ord] 9 :i* x w\ld be mo/ s3 & z a skilful ,g5]al po/s ! cavalry1 ! infantry1 & ! light troops1 :]e ea* ( !m c act to mo/ advantage2 s ,antonius drew up 8 argum5ts 9 ^? p>ts ( 8 disc\rse1 :]e !y 7 likely to h ! be/ effect4 ,he _h a quick & ret5tive memory1 & a frankness ( mann] :i* preclud$ any suspicion ( artifice4 ,all 8 spee*es 71 9 appe>ance1 ! unprem$itat$ effusions ( an hone/ he>t2 & yet1 9 reality1 !y 7 preconc]t$ ) s mu* skill1 t ! judges 71 sometimes1 n s well prep>$1 z !y %\ld h be51 to )/& ! =ce ( !m4 ,8 language1 inde$1 0 n s ref9$ z to pass = ! /&>d ( elegance2 = :i* reason he 0 ?\ght to be r a c>eless speak]2 & yet1 on ! o!r h&1 x 0 nei!r vulg> nor incorrect1 b ( t solid & judici\s turn1 :i* con/itutes ! real m]it ( an ,orator1 z to ! *oice ( 8 words4 ,=1 z to a purity ( /yle1 ?\gh ?is is c]ta9ly 7z be=e obs]v$7 a v comm5dable quality1 x is n s mu* s = its intr9sic consequ5ce1 z because x is too g5]ally neglect$4 ,9 %ort1 x is n s m]itori\s to speak our native tongue correctly1 z x is sc&al\s to speak x o!rwise2 nor is x s mu* ! prop]ty ( a good ,orator1 z ( a well-br$ ,citiz54 ,b 9 ! *oice ( 8 words 79 :i* he _h m reg>d to _! weight ?an _! brilliance7 & likewise 9 ! /ructure ( 8 language1 & ! compass ( 8 p]iods1 ,antonius con=m$ himself to ! dictates ( reason1 &1 9 a great measure1 to ! nic] rules ( art3 ?\gh 8 *ief excell5ce 0 a judici\s managem5t ( ! figures & decorations ( s5tim5t4 ,?is 0 likewise ! di/+ui%+ excell5ce ( ,demo/h5es2 9 :i* he 0 s f> sup]ior to all o!rs1 z to be all[$1 9 ! op9ion ( ! be/ judges1 to be ! ,pr9ce ( ,orators4 ,= ! figures 7z !y are call$ by ! ,greeks7 are ! pr9cipal ornam5ts ( an able speak]1 ,i mean ^? :i* contribute n s mu* to pa9t & embelli% our language1 z to give a lu/re to our s5tim5ts4 ,b besides ^!1 ( :i* ,antonius _h a great comm&1 he _h a peculi> excell5ce 9 8 mann] ( deliv]y1 bo? z to 8 voice & ge/ure2 = ! latt] 0 su* z to correspond to ! mean+ ( e s5t5ce1 )\t beat+ "t to ! words4 ,8 h&s1 8 %\ld]s1 ! turn ( 8 body1 ! /amp ( 8 foot1 8 po/ure1 8 air1 &1 9 %ort1 8 e motion1 0 adapt$ to 8 language & s5tim5ts3 & 8 voice 0 /rong & firm1 ?\gh naturally ho>se2--a defect :i* he alone 0 capable ( improv+ to 8 advantage2 = 9 capital causes1 x _h a m\rnful dignity ( acc5t1 :i* 0 exce$+ly prop]1 bo? to w9 ! ass5t ( ! judges1 & excite _! compassion = a suff]+ cli5t3 s t 9 him ! obs]vation ( ,demo/h5es 0 em95tly v]ifi$1 :o be+ ask$ :at 0 ! fir/ quality ( a good ,orator1 :at ! second1 & :at ! ?ird1 con/antly repli$1 ,a good enunciation4 ,b _m ?\ght t he 0 equall$1 & o!rs t he 0 ev5 excell$ by ,lucius ,crassus4 ,all1 h[ev]1 7 agre$ 9 ?is1 t :oev] _h ei!r ( !m = 8 advocate1 _h no cause to wi% = a bett]4 ,= my own "p1 not)/&+ ! uncommon m]it ,i h ascrib$ to ,antonius1 ,i mu/ also ackn[lege1 t !re _c be a m f9i%$ "* ?an t ( ,crassus4 ,he possess$ a wond]ful dignity ( elocution1 ) an agreeable mixture ( wit & pleasantry1 :i* 0 p]fectly g5teel1 & )\t ! smalle/ t9cture ( scurrility4 ,8 /yle 0 correct & elegant )\t /iffness or affectation3 8 me?od ( reason+ 0 rem>kably cle> & di/9ct3 & :5 8 cause turn$ ^u any po9t ( law1 or equity1 he _h an inexhau/ible fund ( argum5ts1 & comp>ative illu/rations4 ,= z ,antonius _h an admirable turn = sugge/+ apposite h9ts1 & ei!r suppress+ or excit+ ! suspicions ( ! he>]2 s no man c\ld expla9 & def9e1 or discuss a po9t ( equity1 ) a m copi\s facility ?an ,crassus2 z suffici5tly appe>$ ^u _m o!r occasions1 b p>ticul>ly 9 ! cause ( ,m4 ,curius1 :i* 0 tri$ be=e ! ,c5tum ,viri4 ,= he urg$ a great v>iety ( argum5ts 9 ! def5ce ( "r & equity1 aga9/ ! lit]al jubeat ( ! law2 & support$ !m by su* a num]\s s]ies ( prec$5ts1 t he ov]p[]$ ,q4 ,scaevola 7a man ( uncommon p5etration1 & ! able/ ,civilian ( 8 "t7 ?\gh ! case be=e !m 0 only a matt] ( legal "r4 ,b ! cause 0 s ably manag$ by ! two advocates1 :o 7 ne>ly ( an age1 & bo? ( consul> rank1 t :ile ea* endeav\r$ to int]pret ! law 9 fav\r ( 8 cli5t1 ,crassus 0 univ]sally all[$ to be ! be/ ,lawy] among ! ,orators1 & ,scaevola to be ! mo/ eloqu5t ,civilian ( ! age3 = ! latt] c\ld n only discov] ) ! nice/ precision :at 0 agreeable to law & equity2 b _h likewise a concis5ess & propriety ( expression1 :i* 0 admirably adapt$ to 8 purpose4 ,9 %ort1 he _h su* a wond]ful ve9 ( oratory 9 comm5t+1 expla9+1 & discuss+1 t ,i nev] beheld 8 equal2 ?\gh 9 amplify+1 embelli%+1 & refut+1 he 0 r to be dread$ z a =midable critic1 ?an admir$ z an eloqu5t speak]4--,inde$1 said ,brutus1 ?\gh ,i always ?\ght ,i suffici5tly und]/ood ! "* ( ,scaevola1 by ! acc\nt ,i _h he>d ( him f ,c4 ,rutilius1 ^: company ,i frequ5t$ = ! sake ( 8 acqua9tance ) him1 ,i _h n ! lea/ idea ( 8 m]it z an orator4 ,i am n[1 !re=e1 n a little pleas$ to be in=m$1 t our ,republic has _h ! hon\r ( produc+ s accompli%$ a man1 & su* an excell5t g5ius4--,really1 my ,brutus1 said ,i1 y may take x f me1 t ! ,roman ,/ate _h nev] be5 adorn$ ) two f9] *>act]s ?an ^!4 ,=1 z ,i h be=e obs]v$1 t ! "o 0 ! be/ ,lawy] among ! ,orators1 & ! o!r ! be/ ,speak] among ! ,civilians ( 8 "t2 s ! diff]5ce betwe5 !m1 9 all o!r respects1 0 ( su* a nature1 t x w\ld almo/ be impossible = y to det]m9e :i* ( ! two y w\ld r *oose to resemble4 ,=1 z ,crassus 0 ! close/ ( all our elegant speak]s1 s ,scaevola 0 ! mo/ elegant among ^? :o 7 di/+ui%$ by ! frugal accuracy ( _! language3 & z ,crassus temp]$ 8 affability ) a prop] %>e ( sev]ity1 s ! rigid air ( ,scaevola 0 n de/itute ( ! mild] graces ( an affable condesc5sion4 ,?\gh ?is 0 really _! "*1 x is v possible t ,i may be ?\ght to h embelli%$ x beyond ! b\nds ( tru?1 to give an agreeable air to my n>rative3 b z y\r fav\rite sect1 my ,brutus1 ! ,old ,academy1 has def9$ all ,virtue to be a j ,m$iocrity1 x 0 ! con/ant endeav\r ( ^! two em95t m5 to pursue ?is ,gold5 ,mean2 & yet x s happ5$1 t :ile ea* ( !m %>$ a "p ( ! o!r's excell5ce1 he pres]v$ 8 own entire4--,to speak :at ,i ?9k1 repli$ ,brutus1 ,i h n only acquir$ a prop] acqua9tance ) _! *>act]s f y\r acc\nt ( !m1 b ,i c likewise discov]1 t ! same comp>ison might be drawn betwe5 y & ,s]v4 ,sulpicius1 :i* y h j be5 mak+ betwe5 ,crassus & ,scaevola4 --,9 :at mann]8 said ,i4--,because y1 repli$ ,brutus1 h tak5 ! pa9s to acquire z ext5sive a k ( ! law z is necess>y = an ,orator2 & ,sulpicius1 on ! o!r h&1 took c>e to furni% himself ) suffici5t eloqu5ce to support ! "* ( an able ,civilian4 ,besides1 y\r age correspond$ z ne>ly to 81 z ! age ( ,crassus did to t ( ,scaevola4--,z to my own abilities1 said ,i1 ! rules ( dec5cy =bid me to speak ( !m3 b y\r "* ( ,s]vius is a v j "o1 & ,i may freely tell y :at ,i ?9k ( him4 ,!re are few1 ,i believe1 :o h appli$ !mselves m assidu\sly to ! art ( ,speak+ ?an he did1 or inde$ to ! /udy ( e useful sci5ce4 ,9 our y\?1 we bo? ( u foll[$ ! same lib]al ex]cises2 & he aft]w>ds accompani$ me to ,rhodes1 to pursue ^? /udies :i* might equally improve him z a ,man & a ,s*ol>2 b :5 he return$ f !nce1 he appe>s to me to h be5 r ambiti\s to be ! =emo/ man 9 a second>y pr(ession1 ?an ! second 9 t :i* claims ! highe/ dignity4 ,i w n pret5d to say t he c\ld n h rank$ himself among ! =emo/ 9 ! latt] pr(ession2 b he r *ose to be1 :at he actually made himself1 ! fir/ ,lawy] ( 8 "t4--,inde$6 said ,brutus3 & d y really pref] ,s]vius to ,q4 ,scaevola8--,my op9ion1 said ,i1 ,brutus1 is1 t ,q4 ,scaevola1 & _m o!rs1 _h a ?or\gh practical k ( ! law2 b t ,s]vius alone und]/ood x z sci5ce3 :i* he c\ld nev] h done by ! m]e /udy ( ! law1 & )\t a previ\s acqua9tance ) ! art :i* tea*es u to divide a :ole into its subord9ate p>ts1 to1 decide an indet]m9ate idea by an accurate def9ition3 to expla9 :at is obscure1 by a cle> int]pretation2 & fir/ to discov] :at ?+s are ( a d\btful nature1 !n to di/+ui% !m by _! diff]5t degrees ( probability2 & la/ly1 to be provid$ ) a c]ta9 rule or measure by :i* we may judge :at is true1 & :at false1 & :at inf]5ces fairly may1 or may n be d$uc$ f any giv5 premises4 ,?is important art he appli$ to ^? subjects :i*1 = want ( x1 7 necess>ily manag$ by o!rs )\t due ord] & precision4--,y mean1 ,i suppose1 said ,brutus1 ! ,art ( ,logic4--,y suppose v "r1 answ]$ ,i3 b he add$ to x an ext5sive acqua9tance ) polite lit]ature1 & an elegant mann] ( express+ himself2 z is suffici5tly evid5t f ! incomp>able writ+s he has left beh9d him4 ,& z he atta*$ himself1 = ! improvem5t ( 8 eloqu5ce1 to ,l4 ,lucilius ,balbus1 & ,c4 ,aquilius ,gallus1 two v able speak]s2 he effectually ?w>t$ ! prompt cel]ity ( ! latt] 7?\gh a ke51 exp]i5c$ man7 bo? 9 support+ & refut+ a *>ge1 by 8 accuracy & precision1 & ov]p[]$ ! delib]ate =mality ( ,balbus 7a man ( great le>n+ & erudition7 by 8 adroit & dextr\s me?od ( argu+3 s t he equally possess$ ! good qualities ( bo?1 )\t _! defects4 ,z ,crassus1 !re=e1 9 my m9d1 act$ m prud5tly ?an ,scaevola2 7= ! latt] 0 v fond ( plead+ causes1 9 :i* he 0 c]ta9ly inf]ior to ,crassus2 :]eas ! =m] nev] engag$ himself 9 an unequal competition ) ,scaevola1 by assum+ ! "* ( a ,civilian27 s ,s]vius pursu$ a plan :i* suffici5tly discov]$ 8 wisdom2 = z ! pr(ession ( a ,plead]1 & a ,lawy]1 are bo? ( !m held 9 great e/eem1 & give ^? :o are ma/]s ( !m ! mo/ ext5sive influ5ce among _! fell[-citiz5s2 he acquir$ an undisput$ sup]iority 9 ! "o1 & improv$ himself z mu* 9 ! o!r z 0 necess>y to support ! au?ority ( ! ,civil ,law1 & promote him to ! dignity ( a ,consul4--,?is is precisely ! op9ion ,i _h =m$ ( him1 said ,brutus4 ,=1 a few ye>s ago ,i he>d him (t5 & v att5tively at ,samos1 :5 ,i want$ to be in/ruct$ by him 9 ! ,pontifical ,law1 z f> z x is connect$ ) ! ,civil2 & ,i am n[ greatly confirm$ 9 my op9ion ( him1 by f9d+ t x co9cides s exactly ) y\rs4 ,i am likewise n a little pleas$ to obs]ve1 t ! equality ( y\r ages1 y\r %>+ ! same hon\rs & pref]m5ts1 & ! vic9ity ( y\r respective /udies & pr(essions1 has be5 s f> f precipitat+ ei!r ( y into t envi\s detraction ( ! o!r's m]it1 :i* mo/ p are torm5t$ )1 t1 in/ead ( w\nd+ y\r mutual fri5d%ip1 x has only s]v$ to increase & /r5g!n x2 =1 to my own kn[lege1 he _h ! same affection =1 & ! same fav\rable s5tim5ts ( y1 :i* ,i n[ discov] 9 y t[>ds him4 ,i _c1 !re=e1 help regrett+ v s9c]ely1 t ! ,roman ,/ate has s long be5 depriv$ ( ! b5efit ( 8 advice1 & ( y\r ,eloqu5ce2--a circum/ance :i* is inde$ calamit\s en\gh 9 itself2 b mu/ appe> mu* m s to him :o consid]s into :at h&s t once respectable au?ority has be5 ( late1 ,i w n say transf]r$1 b =cibly wre/$4--,y c]ta9ly =get1 said ,atticus1 t ,i propos$1 :5 we began ! conv]sation1 to drop all matt]s ( ,/ate2 by all means1 !re=e1 let u keep to our plan3 = if we once beg9 to repeat our grievances1 !re w be no end1 ,i ne$ n say to our inquiries1 b to our sighs & lam5tations4--,let u proce$1 !n1 said ,i1 )\t any f>!r digression1 & pursue ! plan we set out ^u4 ,crassus 7= he is ! ,orator we 7 j speak+ (7 always came into ! ,=um ready prep>$ = ! combat4 ,he 0 expect$ ) impati5ce1 & he>d ) pleasure4 ,:5 he fir/ began 8 ,oration 7:i* he always did 9 a v accurate /yle7 he seem$ wor?y ( ! great expectations he _h rais$4 ,he 0 v mod]ate 9 ! sway ( 8 body1 _h no rem>kable v>iation ( voice1 nev] advanc$ f ! gr\nd he /ood ^u1 & seldom /amp$ 8 foot3 8 language 0 =cible1 & sometimes w>m & pa!tic2 he _h _m /rokes ( hum\r1 :i* 7 always temp]$ ) a becom+ dignity2 &1 :at is a difficult "* to hit1 he 0 at once v florid1 & v concise4 ,9 a close conte/1 he nev] met ) 8 equal2 & !re 0 sc>cely any k9d ( causes1 9 :i* he _h n signaliz$ 8 abilities2 s t he enroll$ himself v e>ly among ! fir/ ,orators ( ! "t4 ,he accus$ ,c4 ,c>bo1 ?\gh a man ( great ,eloqu5ce1 :5 he 0 b a y\?2--& display$ 8 tal5ts 9 su* a mann]1 t !y 7 n only applaud$1 b admir$ by e body4 ,he aft]w>ds def5d$ ! ,virg9 ,lic9ia1 :5 he 0 only tw5ty-sev5 ye>s ( age2 on :i* occasion he discov]$ an uncommon %>e ( ,eloqu5ce1 z is evid5t f ^? p>ts ( 8 ,oration :i* he left beh9d him 9 writ+4 ,z he 0 !n desir\s to h ! hon\r ( settl+ ! colony ( ,n>bonne 7z he aft]w>ds did7 he ?\ght x adviseable to recomm5d himself1 by und]tak+ ! managem5t ( "s popul> cause4 ,8 ,oration1 9 support ( ! act :i* 0 propos$ = t purpose1 is /ill extant2 & discov]s a great] maturity ( g5ius ?an might h be5 expect$ at t "t ( life4 ,he aft]w>ds plead$ _m o!r causes3 b 8 tribune%ip 0 su* a rem>kably sil5t "o1 t if he _h n supp$ ) ,granius ! beadle :5 he enjoy$ t (fice 7a circum/ance :i* has be5 twice m5tion$ by ,lucilius7 we %\ld sc>cely h kn[n t a tribune ( t "n _h exi/$4--,i believe s1 repli$ ,brutus3 b ,i h he>d z little ( ! tribune%ip ( ,scaevola1 ?\gh ,i mu/ naturally suppose t he 0 ! colleague ( ,crassus4--,he 0 s1 said ,i1 9 all 8 o!r pref]m5ts2 b he 0 n tribune till ! ye> aft] him2 & :5 he sat 9 ! ,ro/rum 9 t capacity1 ,crassus spoke 9 support ( ! ,s]vilian law4 ,i mu/ obs]ve1 h[ev]1 t ,crassus _h n ,scaevola = 8 colleague 9 ! c5sor%ip2 = none ( ! ,scaevolas ev] su$ = t (fice4 ,b :5 ! la/-m5tion$ ,oration ( ,crassus 0 publi%$ 7:i* ,i d>e say y h frequ5tly read7 he 0 ?irty-f\r ye>s ( age1 :i* 0 exactly ! diff]5ce betwe5 8 age & m9e4 ,= he support$ ! law ,i h j be5 speak+ (1 9 ! v consul%ip "u :i* ,i 0 born2 :]eas he himself 0 born 9 ! consul%ip ( ,q4 ,caepio1 & ,c4 ,laelius1 ab\t ?ree ye>s lat] ?an ,antonius4 ,i h p>ticul>ly notic$ ?is circum/ance1 to specify ! "t :5 ! ,roman ,eloqu5ce atta9$ its fir/ maturity2 & 0 actually c>ri$ to su* a degree ( p]fection1 z to leave no room = any "o to c>ry x high]1 unless by ! assi/ance ( a m complete & ext5sive k ( philosophy1 jurisprud5ce1 & hi/ory4--,b does !re1 said ,brutus1 or w !re ev] exi/ a man1 :o is furni%$ ) all ! unit$ accompli%m5ts y require8--,i really don't "k1 said ,i2 b we h a spee* made by ,crassus 9 8 consul%ip1 9 praise ( ,q4 ,caepio1 int]m+l$ ) a def5ce ( 8 conduct1 :i*1 ?\gh a %ort "o if we consid] x z an ,oration1 is n s z a ,panegyric2--& ano!r1 :i* 0 8 la/1 & :i* he spoke 9 ! #dh? ye> ( 8 age1 at ! "t he 0 c5sor4 ,9 ^! we h ! g5u9e complexion ( ,eloqu5ce1 )\t any pa9t+ or disguise3 b 8 p]iods 7,i mean ,crassus's7 7 g5]ally %ort & concise2 & he 0 fond ( express+ himself 9 ^? m9ut] s5t5ces1 or memb]s1 :i* ! ,greeks call ,colons4--,z y h spok5 s l>gely1 said ,brutus1 9 praise ( ! two la/-m5tion$ ,orators1 ,i he>tily wi% t ,antonius _h left u "s o!r specim5 ( 8 abilities1 ?an 8 trifl+ ,essay on ! ,art ( ,speak+1 & ,crassus m ?an he has3 by s do+1 !y w\ld h transmitt$ _! fame to po/]ity2 & to u a valuable sy/em ( ,eloqu5ce4 ,= z to ! elegant language ( ,scaevola1 we h suffici5t pro(s ( x 9 ! ,orations he has left beh9d him4--,= my "p1 said ,i1 ! ,oration ,i 0 speak+ (1 on ,caepio's case1 has be5 my patt]n1 & my tutoress1 f my v *ildhood4 ,x supports ! dignity ( ! ,s5ate1 :i* 0 deeply int]e/$ 9 ! debate2 & excites ! jeal\sy ( ! audi5ce aga9/ ! p>ty ( ! judges & accus]s1 ^: p[] x 0 necess>y to expose 9 ! mo/ popul> t]ms4 ,_m p>ts ( x are v /rong & n]v\s1 _m o!rs v cool & compos$2 & "s are di/+ui%$ by ! asp]ity ( _! language1 & n a few by _! wit & pleasantry3 b mu* m 0 said ?an 0 committ$ to writ+1 z is suffici5tly evid5t f sev]al heads ( ! ,oration1 :i* are m]ely propos$ )\t any enl>gem5t or explanation4 ,b ! oration 9 8 c5sor%ip aga9/ 8 colleague ,cn4 ,domitius1 is n s mu* an ,oration1 z an analysis ( ! subject1 or a g5]al sket* ( :at he _h said1 ) "h & !re a few ornam5tal t\*es1 by way ( specim53 = no conte/ 0 ev] conduct$ ) great] _s ?an ?is4 ,crassus1 h[ev]1 0 em95tly di/+ui%$ by ! popul> turn ( 8 language3 b t ( ,antonius 0 bett] adapt$ to judicial trials1 ?an to a public debate4 ,z we h _h occasion to m5tion him1 ,domitius himself mu/ n be left unnotic$3 = ?\gh he is n enroll$ 9 ! li/ ( ,orators1 he _h a suffici5t %>e bo? ( utt]ance & g5ius1 to support 8 "* z a magi/rate & 8 dignity z a consul4 ,i might likewise obs]ve ( ,c4 ,caelius1 t he 0 a man ( great application1 & _m em95t qualities1 & _h eloqu5ce en\gh to support ! private int]e/s ( 8 fri5ds1 & 8 own dignity 9 ! ,/ate4 ,at ! same "t liv$ ,m4 ,h]5nius1 :o 0 reckon$ among ! middl+ ,orators1 ^: pr9cipal m]it 0 ! purity & correctness ( _! language2 & yet1 9 a suit = ! consul%ip1 he got ! bett] ( ,l4 ,philippus1 a man ( ! fir/ rank & family1 & ( ! mo/ ext5sive connections1 & :o 0 likewise a memb] ( ! ,college1 & a v eloqu5t speak]4 ,!n also liv$ ,c4 ,clodius1 :o1 besides 8 consequ5ce z a nobleman ( ! fir/ di/9ction1 & a man ( ! mo/ p[]ful influ5ce1 0 likewise possess$ ( a mod]ate %>e ( ,eloqu5ce4 ,ne>ly ( ! same age 0 ,c4 ,titius1 a ,roman knight1 :o1 9 my judgm5t1 arriv$ at z high a degree ( p]fection z a ,roman orator 0 able to d1 )\t ! assi/ance ( ! ,grecian lit]ature1 & a good %>e ( practice4 ,8 ,orations h s _m delicate turns1 su* a numb] ( well-*os5 examples1 & su* an agreeable ve9 ( polit5ess1 t !y almo/ seem to h be5 compos$ 9 ! true ,attic /yle4 ,he likewise transf]r$ 8 delicacies into 8 v ,trag$ies1 ) +5uity en\gh1 ,i confess1 b n 9 ! tragic ta/e4 ,b ! poet ,l4 ,afranius1 :om he /udi\sly imitat$1 0 a v sm>t writ]1 &1 z y well "k1 a man ( great expression 9 ! dramatic way4 ,q4 ,rubrius ,v>ro1 :o ) ,c4 ,m>ius1 0 decl>$ an enemy by ! ,s5ate1 0 likewise a w>m1 & a v spirit$ prosecutor4 ,my relation1 ,m4 ,gratidius1 0 a plausible speak] ( ! same k9d1 well v]s$ 9 ! ,grecian lit]ature1 =m$ by nature = ! pr(ession ( ,eloqu5ce1 & an intimate acqua9tance ( ,m4 ,antonius3 he comm&$ "u him 9 ,cilicia1 :]e he lo/ 8 life3 & he once comm5c$ a prosecution aga9/ ,c4 ,fimbria1 ! fa!r ( ,m4 ,m>ius ,gratidianus4 ,!re h likewise be5 sev]al among ! ,allies1 & ! ,lat9s1 :o 7 e/eem$ good ,orators2 z1 = in/ance1 ,q4 ,vettius ( ,vettium1 "o ( ! ,m>si1 :om ,i myself 0 acqua9t$ )1 a man ( s5se1 & a concise speak]2 --! ,q4 & ,d4 ,val]ii ( ,sora1 my neighb\rs & acqua9tances1 :o 7 n s rem>kable = _! tal5t ( speak+1 z = _! skill bo? 9 ! ,greek & ,roman lit]ature2 & ,c4 ,ru/icellus ( ,bononia1 an exp]i5c$ ,orator1 & a man ( great natural volubility4 ,b ! mo/ eloqu5t ( all ^? :o 7 n citiz5s ( ,rome1 0 ,t4 ,betucius ,b>rus ( ,asculum1 "s ( ^: ,orations1 :i* 7 spok5 9 t city1 are /ill extant3 t :i* he made at ,rome aga9/ ,caepio1 is really an excell5t "o3 ! spee* :i* ,caepio deliv]$ 9 answ] to x1 0 made by ,aelius1 :o compos$ a numb] ( ,orations1 b pron\nc$ none himself4 ,b among ^? ( a remot] date1 ,l4 ,papirius ( ,fregellae 9 ,latium1 :o 0 almo/ cotempor>y ) ,ti4 ,grac*us1 0 univ]sally e/eem$ ! mo/ eloqu5t3 we h a spee* ( 8 9 v9dication ( ! ,fregellani1 & ! ,lat9 ,colonies1 :i* 0 deliv]$ be=e ! ,s5ate4--,& :at !n is ! m]it1 said ,brutus1 :i* y mean to ascribe to ^! prov9cial ,orators8--,:at else1 repli$ ,i1 b ! v same :i* ,i h ascrib$ to ! city-orators2 except+ t _! language is n t9ctur$ ) ! same fa%ionable delicacy8--,:at fa%ionable delicacy d y mean8 said he4--,i _c1 said ,i1 pret5d to def9e x3 ,i only "k t !re is su* a quality exi/+4 ,:5 y g to y\r prov9ce 9 ,gaul1 y w be conv9c$ ( x4 ,y w !re f9d _m expressions :i* are n curr5t 9 ,rome2 b ^! may be easily *ang$1 & correct$4 ,b1 :at is ( great] importance1 our ,orators h a p>ticul> acc5t 9 _! mann] ( pron\nc+1 :i* is m elegant1 & has a m agreeable effect ?an any o!r4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is n peculi> to ! ,orators1 b is equally common to e well-br$ citiz54 ,i myself rememb] t ,t4 ,t9eas1 ( ,plac5tia1 :o 0 a v faceti\s man1 once engag$ 9 a rep>tee skirmi% ) my old fri5d ,q4 ,granius1 ! public cri]4--,d y mean t ,granius1 said ,brutus1 ( :om ,lucilius has relat$ su* a numb] ( /ories8--,! v same1 said ,i3 b ?\gh ,t9eas said z _m sm>t ?+s z ! o!r1 ,granius at la/ ov]p[]$ him by a c]ta9 v]nacul> gt1 :i* gave an additional reli% to 8 hum\r3 s t ,i am no long] surpris$ at :at is said to h happ5$ to ,!ophra/us1 :5 he enquir$ ( an old woman :o kept a /all1 :at 0 ! price ( some?+ :i* he want$ to pur*ase4 ,aft] tell+ him ! value ( x1--,hone/ /rang]1 said %e1 ,i _c af=d x = less3 an answ] :i* nettl$ him n a little1 to ?9k t he :o _h resid$ almo/ all 8 life at ,a!ns1 & spoke ! language v correctly1 %\ld be tak5 at la/ = a =eign]4 ,9 ! same mann]1 !re is1 9 my op9ion1 a c]ta9 acc5t z peculi> to ! native citiz5s ( ,rome1 z ! o!r 0 to ^? ( ,a!ns4 ,b x is "t = u to return home2 ,i mean to ! ,orators ( our own gr[?4 ,next1 !re=e1 to ! two capital ,speak]s above-m5tion$1 7t is ,crassus & ,antonius7 came ,l4 ,philippus1--n inde$ till a consid]able "t aft]w>ds2 b /ill he mu/ be reckon$ ! next4 ,i d n mean1 h[ev]1 ?\gh nobody appe>$ 9 ! int]im :o c\ld dispute ! prize ) him1 t he 0 entitl$ to ! second1 or ev5 ! ?ird po/ ( hon\r4 ,=1 z 9 a ,*>iot-race ,i _c prop]ly consid] him z ei!r ! second1 or ?ird w9n]1 :o has sc>cely got cle> ( ! />t+-po/1 be=e ! fir/ has rea*$ ! goal2 s1 among ,orators1 ,i c sc>cely hon\r him ) ! "n ( a competitor1 :o has be5 s f> di/anc$ by ! =emo/ z h>dly to appe> on ! same gr\nd ) him4 ,b yet !re 7 c]ta9ly "s tal5ts to be obs]v$ 9 ,philippus1 :i* any p]son :o consid]s !m1 )\t subject+ !m to a comp>ison ) ! sup]ior m]its ( ! two be=e-m5tion$1 mu/ all[ to h be5 respectable4 ,he _h an uncommon fre$om ( address1 a l>ge fund ( hum\r1 great facility 9 ! inv5tion ( 8 s5tim5ts1 & a ready & easy mann] ( express+ !m4 ,he 0 likewise1 = ! "t he liv$ 91 a great adept 9 ! lit]ature ( ! ,greeks2 &1 9 ! heat ( a debate1 he c\ld /+1 & ga%1 z well z ridicule 8 oppon5ts4 ,almo/ cotempor>y ) ^! 0 ,l4 ,gellius1 :o 0 n s mu* to be valu$ = 8 positive1 z = 8 negative m]its3 = he 0 nei!r de/itute ( le>n+1 nor inv5tion1 nor unacqua9t$ ) ! hi/ory & ! laws ( 8 c\ntry2 besides :i*1 he _h a tol]able fre$om ( expression4 ,b he happ5$ to live at a "t :5 _m excell5t ,orators made _! appe>ance2 & yet he s]v$ 8 fri5ds ^u _m occasions to good purpose3 9 %ort1 8 life 0 s long1 t he 0 successively cotempor>y ) a v>iety ( ,orators ( diff]5t dates1 & _h an ext5sive s]ies ( practice 9 judicial causes4 ,ne>ly at ! same "t liv$ ,d4 ,brutus1 :o 0 fell[-consul ) ,mam]cus2-- & 0 equally skill$ bo? 9 ! ,grecian & ,roman lit]ature4 ,l4 ,scipio likewise 0 n an unskilful ,speak]2 & ,cnaeus ,pompeius1 ! son ( ,sextus1 _h "s reputation z an ,orator2 = 8 bro!r ,sextus appli$ ! excell5t g5ius he 0 possess$ (1 to acquire a ?or\gh k ( ! ,civil ,law1 & a complete acqua9tance ) geometry & ! doctr9e ( ! ,/oics4 ,a little be=e ^!1 ,m4 ,brutus1 & v soon aft] him1 ,c4 ,bili5us1 :o 0 a man ( great natural capacity1 made !mselves1 by ne>ly ! same application1 equally em95t 9 ! pr(ession ( ! law2--! latt] w\ld h be5 *os5 ,consul1 if he _h n be5 ?w>t$ by ! repeat$ promotion ( ,m>ius1 & "s o!r collat]al emb>rassm5ts :i* att5d$ 8 suit4 ,b ! eloqu5ce ( ,cn4 ,octavius1 :i* 0 :olly unkn[n be=e 8 elevation to ! ,consul%ip1 0 effectually display$1 aft] 8 pref]m5t to t (fice1 9 a great v>iety ( spee*es4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 "t = u to drop ^? :o 7 only class$ 9 ! numb] ( good speak]s1 & turn our att5tion to su* z 7 really ,orators4--,i ?9k s too1 repli$ ,atticus2 = ,i und]/ood t y meant to give u an acc\nt1 n ( ^? :o took great pa9s to be eloqu5t1 b ( ^? :o 7 s 9 reality4--,c4 ,julius !n1 said ,i1 7! son ( ,lucius7 0 c]ta9ly sup]ior1 n only to 8 pr$ecessors1 b to all 8 cotempor>ies1 9 wit & hum\r3 he 0 n1 inde$1 a n]v\s & /rik+ ,orator1 b1 9 ! elegance1 ! pleasantry1 & ! agreeabl5ess ( 8 mann]1 he has n be5 excell$ by any man4 ,!re are "s ,orations ( 8 /ill extant1 9 :i*1 z well z 9 8 ,trag$ies1 we may discov] a pleas+ tranquillity ( expression ) v little en]gy4 ,p4 ,ce!gus1 8 cotempor>y1 _h always en\gh to say on matt]s ( civil regulation2 = he _h /udi$ & compreh5d$ !m ) ! m9ute/ accuracy2 by :i* means he acquir$ an equal au?ority 9 ! ,s5ate ) ^? :o _h s]v$ ! (fice ( consul1 & ?\gh he made no figure 9 a public debate1 he 0 a s]viceable vet]an 9 any suit ( a private nature4 ,q4 ,lucretius ,vispillo 0 an acute ,speak]1 & a good ,civilian 9 ! same k9d ( causes3 b ,osella 0 bett] qualifi$ = a public h>angue1 ?an to conduct a judicial process4 ,t4 ,annius ,vel9a 0 likewise a man ( s5se1 & a tol]able plead]2 & ,t4 ,juv5tius _h a great deal ( practice 9 ! same way3--! latt] inde$ 0 r too heavy & unanimat$1 b at ! same "t he 0 ke5 & artful1 & knew h[ to seize e advantage :i* 0 (f]$ by 8 antagoni/2 to :i* we may add1 t he 0 f> f be+ a man ( no lit]ature1 & _h an ext5sive k ( ! ,civil ,law4 ,8 s*ol>1 ,p4 ,orbius1 :o 0 almo/ cotempor>y ) me1 _h no great practice z a plead]2 b 8 skill 9 ! ,civil ,law 0 no?+ inf]ior to 8 ma/]'s4 ,z to ,titus ,aufidius1 :o liv$ to a great age1 he 0 a pr(ess$ imitator ( bo?2 & 0 inde$ a wor?y in(f5sive man1 b seldom spoke at ! b>4 ,8 bro!r1 ,m4 ,virgilius1 :o :5 he 0 a tribune ( ! p1 comm5c$ a prosecution aga9/ ,l4 ,sylla1 !n advanc$ to ! rank ( ,g5]al1 _h z little practice z ,aufidius4 ,virgilius's colleague1 ,p4 ,magius1 0 m copi\s & diffusive4 ,b ( all ! ,orators1 or r ,rant]s1 ,i ev] knew1 :o 7 totally illit]ate & unpoli%$1 & 7,i might h add$7 absolutely co>se & ru/ic1 ! readie/ & ke5e/1 7 ,q4 ,s]torius1 & ,c4 ,gorgonius1 ! "o ( consul>1 & ! o!r ( eque/rian rank4 ,t4 ,junius 7! son ( ,l47 :o _h s]v$ ! (fice ( tribune1 & prosecut$ & convict$ ,p4 ,sextius ( brib]y1 :5 he 0 praetor elect1 0 a prompt & an easy speak]3 he liv$ 9 great spl5dor1 & _h a v promis+ g5ius2 &1 if he _h n be5 ( a weak1 & inde$ a sickly con/itution1 he w\ld h advanc$ mu* f>!r ?an he did 9 ! road to pref]m5t4 ,i am s5sible1 h[ev]1 t 9 ! acc\nt ,i h be5 giv+1 ,i h includ$ _m :o 7 nei!r real1 nor reput$ ,orators2 & t ,i h omitt$ o!rs1 among ^? ( a remot] date1 :o well des]v$ n only to h be5 m5tion$1 b to be record$ ) hon\r4 ,b ?is ,i 0 =c$ to d1 = want ( bett] in=mation3 = :at c\ld ,i say conc]n+ m5 ( a di/ant age1 none ( ^: productions are n[ rema9+1 & ( :om no m5tion is made 9 ! writ+s ( o!r p8 ,b ,i h omitt$ none ( ^? :o h fall5 )9 ! compass ( my own k1 or t ,i myself rememb] to h he>d4 ,= ,i wi% to make x appe>1 t 9 su* a p[]ful & anci5t republic z ours1 9 :i* ! greate/ rew>ds h be5 propos$ to ,eloqu5ce1 ?\gh all h desir$ to be good speak]s1 n _m h attempt$ ! talk1 & b v few h succe$$4 ,b ,i %all give my op9ion ( e "o 9 su* explicit t]ms1 t x may be easily und]/ood :om ,i consid] z a m]e ,declaim]1 & :om z an ,orator4 ,ab\t ! same "t1 or r some?+ lat] ?an ! above-m5tion$ ,julius1 b almo/ cotempor>y ) ea* o!r1 7 ,c4 ,cotta1 ,p4 ,sulpicius1 ,q4 ,v>ius1 ,cn4 ,pomponius1 ,c4 ,curio1 ,l4 ,fufius1 ,m4 ,drusus1 & ,p4 ,anti/ius2 = no age :atsoev] has be5 di/+u%$ by a m num]\s prog5y ( ,orators4 ,( ^!1 ,cotta & ,sulpicius1 bo? 9 my op9ion1 & 9 t ( ! ,public at l>ge1 _h an evid5t claim to ! pref]5ce4--,b :]e=e1 int]rupt$ ,atticus1 d y say1 9 y\r own op9ion1 & 9 t ( ! ,public at l>ge8 ,9 decid+ ! m]its ( an ,orator1 does ! op9ion ( ! vulg>1 ?9k y1 always co9cide ) t ( ! le>n$8 ,or r does n "o receive ! approbation ( ! populace1 :ile ano!r ( a q opposite "* is pref]r$ by ^? :o are bett] qualifi$ to give _! judgm5t8--,y h />t$ a v p]t95t "q1 said ,i2 b1 p]haps1 ! ,public at l>ge w n approve my answ] to x4--,& :at conc]n ne$ t give y1 repli$ ,atticus1 if x meets ! approbation ( ,brutus8-- ,v true1 said ,i2 = ,i _h r my s5tim5ts on ! qualifications ( an ,orator w\ld please y & ,brutus1 ?an all ! _w besides3 b z to my ,eloqu5ce1 ,i %\ld wi% ?is to please e "o4 ,= he :o speaks 9 su* a mann] z to please ! p1 mu/ inevitably receive ! approbation ( ! le>n$4 ,z to ! tru? & propriety ( :at ,i he>1 ,i am inde$ to judge ( ?is = myself1 z well z ,i am able3 b ! g5]al m]it ( an ,orator mu/ & w be decid$ by ! effects :i* 8 eloqu5ce produces4 ,= 79 my op9ion at lea/7 !re are ?ree ?+s :i* an ,orator %\ld be able to effect2 viz4 to in=m 8 he>]s1 to please !m1 & to move _! passions4 ,by :at qualities 9 ! ,speak] ea* ( ^!1 effects may be produc$1 or by :at defici5cies !y are ei!r lo/1 or b imp]fectly p]=m$1 is an enquiry :i* none b an arti/ c resolve3 b :e!r an audi5ce is really s affect$ by an ,orator z %all be/ answ] 8 purpose1 mu/ be left to _! own feel+s1 & ! decision ( ! ,public4 ,! le>n$1 !re=e1 & ! p at l>ge1 h nev] disagre$ ab\t :o 0 a good ,orator1 & :o 0 o!rwise4 ,= d y suppose1 t :ile ! ,speak]s above-m5tion$ 7 9 be+1 !y _h n ! same degree ( reputation among ! le>n$ z among ! populace8 ,if y _h enquir$ ( "o ( ! latt]1 :o 0 ! mo/ eloqu5t man 9 ! city1 he might h hesitat$ :e!r to say ,antonius or ,crassus2 or ?is man1 p]haps1 w\ld h m5tion$ ! "o1 & t ! o!r4 ,b w\ld any "o h giv5 ! pref]5ce to ,philippus1 ?\gh o!rwise a smoo?1 a s5sible1 & a faceti\s ,speak]8--t ,philippus :om we1 :o =m our judgm5t ^u ^! matt]s by rules ( art1 h decid$ to h be5 ! next 9 m]it8 ,nobody w\ld1 ,i am c]ta94 ,= x is ! inv>iable1 prop]ty ( an accompli%$ ,orator1 to be reckon$ su* 9 ! op9ion ( ! p4 ,?\gh ,antig5idas1 !re=e1 ! musician1 might say to 8 s*ol>1 :o 0 b coldly receiv$ by ! ,public1 ,play on1 to please me & ! ,muses2--,i %all say to my fri5d ,brutus1 :5 he m\nts ! ,ro/ra1 z he frequ5tly does1-- ,play to me & ! p2--t ^? :o he> him may be s5sible ( ! effect ( 8 ,eloqu5ce1 :ile ,i c likewise amuse myself ) rem>k+ ! causes :i* produce x4 ,:5 a ,citiz5 he>s an able ,orator1 he readily cr$its :at is said2--he imag9es e ?+ to be true1 he believes & reli%es ! =ce ( x2 &1 9 %ort1 ! p]suasive language ( ! ,speak] w9s 8 absolute1 8 he>ty ass5t4 ,y1 :o are possess$ ( a critical k ( ! art1 :at m w y require8 ,! li/5+ multitude is *>m$ & captivat$ by ! =ce ( 8 ,eloqu5ce1 & feels a pleasure :i* is n to be resi/$4 ,:at "h c y f9d to c5sure8 ,! :ole audi5ce is ei!r flu%$ ) joy1 or ov]:elm$ ) grief2--x smiles1 or weeps1--x loves1 or hates1--x scorns or envies1--&1 9 %ort1 is alt]nately seiz$ ) ! v>i\s emotions ( pity1 %ame1 remorse1 res5tm5t1 wond]1 hope1 & fe>1 accord+ z x is influ5c$ by ! language1 ! s5tim5ts1 & ! action ( ! speak]4 ,9 ?is case1 :at necessity is !re to await ! sanction ( a critic8 ,= "h1 :atev] is approv$ by ! feel+s ( ! p1 mu/ be equally s by m5 ( ta/e & erudition3 &1 9 ?is in/ance ( public decision1 !re c be no disagreem5t betwe5 ! op9ion ( ! vulg>1 & t ( ! le>n$4 ,= ?\gh _m good ,speak]s h appe>$ 9 e species ( ,oratory1 :i* ( !m :o 0 ?\ght to excel ! re/ 9 ! judgm5t ( ! populace1 0 n approv$ z su* by e man ( le>n+8 or :i* ( our ance/ors1 :5 ! *oice ( a plead] 0 left to 8 own option1 did n imm$iately fix x ei!r ^u ,crassus or ,antonius8 ,!re 7 c]ta9ly _m o!rs to be _h3 b ?\gh any p]son might h hesitat$ to :i* ( ! above two he %\ld give ! pref]5ce1 !re 0 nobody1 ,i believe1 :o w\ld h made *oice ( a ?ird4 ,& 9 ! "t ( my y\?1 :5 ,cotta & ,hort5sius 7 9 su* high reputation1 :o1 t _h lib]ty to *oose = himself1 w\ld h employ$ any o!r8--,b :at occasion is !re1 said ,brutus1 to quote ! example ( o!r speak]s to support y\r ass]tion8 h we n se5 :at has always be5 ! wi% ( ! def5dant1 & :at ! judgm5t ( ,hort5sius1 conc]n+ y\rself8 = :5ev] ! latt] %>$ a cause ) y1 7& ,i 0 (t5 pres5t on ^? occasions7 ! p]oration1 :i* requires ! greate/ ex]tion ( ! p[]s ( ,eloqu5ce1 0 con/antly left to y4--,x 01 said ,i2 & ,hort5sius 7induc$1 ,i suppose1 by ! w>m? ( 8 fri5d%ip7 always resign$ ! po/ ( hon\r to me4 ,b1 z to myself1 :at rank ,i hold 9 ! op9ion ( ! p ,i am unable to det]m9e3 z to o!rs1 h[ev]1 ,i may safely ass]t1 t su* ( !m z 7 reckon$ mo/ eloqu5t 9 ! judgm5t ( ! vulg>1 7 equally high 9 ! e/imation ( ! le>n$4 ,= ev5 ,demo/h5es himself c\ld n h said :at is relat$ ( ,antima*us1 a poet ( ,cl>os1 :o1 :5 he 0 rehe>s+ to an audi5ce assembl$ = ! purpose1 t volum9\s piece ( 8 :i* y are well acqua9t$ )1 & 0 des]t$ by all 8 he>]s except ,plato1 9 ! mid/ ( 8 p]=mance1 cri$ out1 ,i %all proce$ not)/&+2 = ,plato alone is ( m consequ5ce to me ?an _m ?\s&s4 ,! rem>k 0 v j4 ,= an ab/ruse poem1 su* z 81 only requires ! approbation ( ! judici\s few2 b a disc\rse int5d$ = ! p %\ld be p]fectly suit$ to _! ta/e4 ,if ,demo/h5es1 !re=e1 aft] be+ des]t$ by ! re/ ( 8 audi5ce1 _h ev5 ,plato left to he> him1 & no "o else1 ,i w answ] = x1 he c\ld n h utt]$ ano!r syllable4 ',nay1 or c\ld y y\rself1 my ,brutus1 if ! :ole assembly 0 to leave y1 z x once did ,curio8--,to op5 my :ole m9d to y1 repli$ he1 ,i mu/ confess t ev5 9 su* causes z fall "u ! cognizance ( a few select judges1 & n ( ! p at l>ge1 if ,i 0 to be des]t$ by ! casual cr[d :o came to he> ! trial1 ,i %\ld n be able to proce$4--,! case1 !n1 is pla9ly ?is1 said ,i3 z a flute1 :i* w n return its prop] s\nd :5 x is appli$ to ! lips1 w\ld be laid aside by ! musician z useless2 s1 ! e>s ( ! p are ! in/rum5t ^u :i* an ,orator is to play3 & if ^! refuse to admit ! brea? he be/[s ^u !m1 or if ! he>]1 l a re/ive horse1 w n obey ! spur1 ! speak] mu/ cease to ex]t himself any f>!r4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 ! exception to be made2 ! p sometimes give _! approbation to an orator :o does n des]ve x4 ,b ev5 "h !y approve :at !y h _h no opportunity ( comp>+ ) some?+ bett]3 z1 = in/ance1 :5 !y are pleas$ ) an indiff]5t1 or1 p]haps1 a bad speak]4 ,8 abilities satisfy _! expectation3 !y h se5 no?+ pref]able3 &1 !re=e1 ! m]it ( ! day1 :atev] x may happ5 to be1 meets _! full applause4 ,= ev5 a middl+ ,orator1 if he is possess$ ( any degree ( ,eloqu5ce1 w always captivate ! e>2 & ! ord] & beauty ( a good disc\rse has an a/oni%+ effect ^u ! human m9d4 ,accord+ly1 :at common he>] :o 0 pres5t :5 ,q4 ,scaevola plead$ = ,m4 ,coponius1 9 ! cause above- m5tion$1 w\ld h wi%$ =1 or inde$ ?\ght x possible to f9d any ?+ :i* 0 m correct1 m elegant1 or m complete8 ,:5 he attempt$ to prove1 t1 z ,m4 ,curius 0 left heir to ! e/ate only 9 case ( ! dea? ( 8 future w>d be=e he came ( age1 he c\ld n possibly be a legal heir1 :5 ! expect$ w>d 0 nev] born2--:at did he leave unsaid ( ! scrupul\s reg>d :i* %\ld be paid to ! lit]al mean+ ( e te/am5t8 :at ( ! accuracy & precis5ess ( ! old & e/abli%$ =ms2 ( law8 & h[ c>efully did he specify ! mann] 9 :i* ! w w\ld h be5 express$1 if x _h int5d$ t ,curius %\ld be ! heir 9 case ( a total default ( issue8 9 :at a ma/]ly mann] did he repres5t ! ill consequ5ces to ! ,public1 if ! lett] ( a w %\ld be disreg>d$1 its int5tion decid$ by arbitr>y conjectures1 & ! writt5 beque/s ( pla9 illit]ate m51 left to ! artful int]pretation ( a plead]8 h[ (t5 did he urge ! au?ority ( 8 fa!r1 :o _h always be5 an advocate = a /rict adh]5ce to ! lett] ( a te/am5t8 & ) :at emphasis did he enl>ge ^u ! necessity ( support+ ! common =ms ( law8 ,all :i* p>ticul>s he discuss$ n only v artfully1 & skilfully2 b 9 su* a neat1--su* a close1--&1 ,i may add1 9 s florid1 & s elegant a /yle1 t !re 0 n a s+le p]son among ! common "p ( ! audi5ce1 :o c\ld expect any ?+ m complete1 or ev5 ?9k x possible to exi/4 ,b :5 ,crassus1 :o spoke on ! opposite side1 began ) ! /ory ( a notable y\?1 :o hav+ f\nd a cock-boat z he 0 rambl+ along ! %ore1 took x into 8 head imm$iately t he w\ld build a %ip to x2--& :5 he appli$ ! tale to ,scaevola1 :o1 f ! cock-boat ( an argum5t :i* he _h d$uc$ f c]ta9 imag9>y ill consequ5ces to ! ,public repres5t$ ! decision ( a private w to be a matt] ( su* importance z to des]ve he att5tion ( ! ,c5tum-viri2--:5 ,crassus1 ,i say1 9 ! beg9n+ ( 8 disc\rse1 _h ?us tak5 (f ! edge ( ! /ronge/ plea ( 8 antagoni/1 he ent]ta9$ 8 he>]s ) _m o!r turns ( a simil> k9d2 &1 9 a %ort "t1 *ang$ ! s]i\s appreh5sions ( all :o 7 pres5t into op5 mir? & good-hum\r2 :i* is "o ( ^? ?ree effects :i* ,i h j obs]v$ an ,orator %\ld be able to produce4 ,he !n proce$$ to rem>k t x 0 evid5tly ! int5tion & ! w ( ! te/ator1 t 9 cafe1 ei!r by dea?1 or default ( issue1 !re %\ld happ5 to be no son to fall to 8 *>ge1 ! inh]itance %\ld devolve to ,curius3--'t mo/ p 9 a simil> case w\ld express !mselves 9 ! same mann]1 & t x w\ld c]ta9ly /& good 9 law1 & always _h4 ,by ^!1 & _m o!r obs]vations ( ! same k9d1 he ga9$ ! ass5t ( 8 he>]s2 :i* is ano!r ( ! ?ree duties ( an ,orator4 ,la/ly1 he support$1 at all ev5ts1 ! true mean+ & _s ( a w1 aga9/ ! lit]al con/ruction3 ju/ly obs]v+1 t !re w\ld be an endless cavill+ ab\t words1 n only 9 wills1 b 9 all o!r legal de$s1 if ! real int5tion ( ! p>ty 0 to be disreg>d$3 & h9t+ v sm>tly1 t 8 fri5d ,scaevola _h assum$ a mo/ unw>rantable degree ( importance1 if no p]son mu/ aft]w>ds presume to indite a legacy1 b 9 ! mu/y =m :i* he himself might please to prescribe4 ,z he enl>g$ on ea* ( ^! argum5ts ) great =ce & propriety1 support$ !m by a numb] ( prec$5ts1 exhibit$ !m 9 a v>iety ( views1 & enliv5$ !m ) _m occasional turns ( wit & pleasantry1 he ga9$ s mu* applause1 & gave su* g5]al satisfaction1 t x 0 sc>cely rememb]$ t any ?+ _h be5 said on ! contr>y side ( ! "q4 ,?is 0 ! ?ird1 & ! mo/ important duty we assign$ to an ,orator4 ,"h1 if "o ( ! p 0 to be judge1 ! same p]son :o _h he>d ! fir/ ,speak] ) a degree ( admiration1 w\ld1 on he>+ ! second1 despise himself = 8 =m] want ( judgm5t3--:]eas a man ( ta/e & erudition1 on he>+ ,scaevola1 w\ld h obs]v$ t he 0 really ma/] ( a ri* & ornam5tal /yle2 b if1 on comp>+ ! mann] 9 :i* ea* ( !m conclud$ 8 cause1 x 0 to be enquir$ :i* ( ! two 0 ! be/ ,orator1 ! decision ( ! man ( le>n+ w\ld n h diff]$ f t ( ! vulg>4 ,:at advantage1 !n1 x w be said1 has ! skilful critic ov] ! illit]ate he>]8 ,a great & v important advantage2 if x is inde$ a matt] ( any consequ5ce1 to be able to discov] by :at means t :i* is ! true & real end ( speak+1 is ei!r obta9$ or lo/4 ,he has likewise ?is additional sup]iority1 t :5 two or m ,orators1 z has frequ5tly happ5$1 h %>$ ! applauses ( ! ,public1 he c judge1 on a c>eful obs]vation ( ! pr9cipal m]its ( ea*1 :at is ! mo/ p]fect "* ( ,eloqu5ce3 s9ce :atev] does n meet ! approbation ( ! p1 mu/ be equally condemn$ by a m intellig5t he>]4 ,= z x is easily und]/ood by ! s\nd ( a h>p1 :e!r ! /r+s are skilfully t\*$2 s x may likewise be discov]$ f ! mann] 9 :i* ! passions ( an audi5ce are affect$1 h[ f> ! ,speak] is able to comm& !m4 ,a man1 !re=e1 :o is a real connoisseur 9 ! art1 c sometimes by a s+le glance z he passes ?r\gh ! ,=um1 & )\t /opp+ to li/5 att5tively to :at is said1 =m a tol]able judgm5t ( ! ability ( ! ,speak]4 ,:5 he obs]ves any ( ! ,b5* ei!r yawn+1 or speak+ to ! p]son :o is next to him1 or look+ c>elessly ab\t him1 or s5d+ to enquire ! "t ( day1 or teaz+ ! ,quae/or to dismiss ! c\rt2 he concludes v naturally t ! cause ^u trial is n plead$ by an ,orator :o und]/&s h[ to apply ! p[]s ( language to ! passions ( ! judges1 z a skilful musician applies 8 f+]s to ! h>p4 ,on ! o!r h&1 if1 z he passes by1 he beholds ! judges look+ att5tively be=e !m1 z if !y 7 ei!r receiv+ "s mat]ial in=mation1 or visibly approv$ :at !y _h already he>d--if he sees !m li/5+ to ! voice ( ! ,plead] ) a k9d ( extasy l a fond bird to "s melodi\s tune2-- &1 above all1 if he discov]s 9 _! looks any /rong indications ( pity1 abhorr5ce1 or any o!r emotion ( ! m9d2--?\gh he %\ld n be ne> en\gh to he> a s+le ^w1 he imm$iately discov]s t ! cause is manag$ by a real ,orator1 :o is ei!r p]=m+1 or has already play$ 8 "p to good purpose4 ,aft] ,i _h conclud$ ^! digressive rem>ks1 my two fri5ds 7 k9d en\gh to signify _! approbation1 & ,i resum$ my subject4--,z ?is digression1 said ,i1 took its rise f ,cotta & ,sulpicius1 :om ,i m5tion$ z ! two mo/ approv$ ,orators ( ! age !y liv$ 91 ,i %all fir/ return to !m1 & aft]w>ds notice ! re/ 9 _! prop] ord]1 accord+ to ! plan we began ^u4 ,i h already obs]v$ t !re are two classes ( good ,orators 7= we h no conc]n ) any o!rs7 ( :i* ! =m] are di/+ui%$ by ! simple neatness & brevity ( _! language1 & ! latt] by _! copi\s dignity & elevation3 b al?\gh ! pref]5ce mu/ always be giv5 to t :i* is great & /rik+2 yet1 9 speak]s ( real m]it1 :atev] is mo/ p]fect ( ! k9d1 is ju/ly entitl$ to our comm5dation4 ,x mu/1 h[ev]1 be obs]v$1 t ! close & simple ,orator %\ld be c>eful n to s9k into a dr9ess & pov]ty ( expression2 :ile1 on ! o!r h&1 ! copi\s & m /ately ,speak] %\ld be equally on 8 gu>d aga9/ a swell+ & empty p>ade ( words4 ,to beg9 ) ,cotta1 he _h a ready1 quick ,inv5tion1 & spoke correctly & freely2 & z he v prud5tly avoid$ e =cible ex]tion ( 8 voice on acc\nt ( ! weakness ( 8 lungs1 s 8 language 0 equally adapt$ to ! delicacy ( 8 con/itution4 ,!re 0 no?+ 9 8 /yle b :at 0 neat1 compact1 & heal?y2 & 7:at may ju/ly be consid]$ z 8 greate/ excell5ce7 ?\gh he 0 sc>cely able1 & !re=e nev] attempt$ to =ce ! passions ( ! judges by a /rong & spirit$ elocution1 yet he manag$ !m s artfully1 t ! g5tle emotions he rais$ 9 !m1 answ]$ exactly ! same purpose1 & produc$ ! same effect1 z ! viol5t ones :i* 7 excit$ by ,sulpicius4 ,= ,sulpicius 0 really ! mo/ /rik+1 &1 if ,i may be all[$ ! expression1 ! mo/ tragical ,orator ,i ev] he>d3--8 voice 0 /rong & sonor\s1 & yet sweet1 & fl[+3--8 ge/ure1 & ! sway ( 8 body1 0 graceful & ornam5tal1 b 9 su* a /yle z to appe> to h be5 =m$ = ! ,=um1 & n = ! /age3--& 8 language1 ?\gh rapid & voluble1 0 nei!r loose nor exub]ant4 ,he 0 a pr(ess$ imitator ( ,crassus1 :ile ,cotta *ose ,antonius = 8 model3 b ! latt] want$ ! =ce ( ,antonius1 & ! =m] ! agreeable hum\r ( ,crassus4--,h[ extremely difficult1 !n1 said ,brutus1 mu/ be ! art ( speak+1 :5 su* consummate ,orators z ^! 7 ea* ( !m de/itute ( "o ( its pr9cipal beauties6--,we may likewise obs]ve1 said ,i1 9 ! pres5t in/ance1 t two ,orators may h ! highe/ degree ( m]it1 :o are totally unlike ea* o!r3 = none c\ld be m s ?an ,cotta & ,sulpicius1 & yet bo? ( !m 7 f> sup]ior to any ( _! cotempor>ies4 ,x is !re=e ! bus9ess ( e intellig5t matt] to take notice :at is ! natural b5t ( 8 pupil's capacity2 &1 tak+ t = 8 guide1 to imitate ! conduct ( ,socrates ) 8 two s*ol>s ,!opompus & ,ephorus1 :o1 aft] rem>k+ ! lively g5ius ( ! =m]1 & ! mild & timid ba%fulness ( ! latt]1 is report$ to h said t he appli$ a spur to ! "o1 & a curb to ! o!r4 ,! ,orations n[ extant1 :i* be> ! "n ( ,sulpicius1 are suppos$ to h be5 writt5 aft] 8 decease by my cotempor>y ,p4 ,canutius1 a man inde$ ( inf]ior rank1 b :o1 9 my m9d1 _h a great comm& ( language4 ,b we h n a s+le spee* ( ,sulpicius t 0 really 8 own3 = ,i h (t5 he>d him say1 t he nei!r _h1 nor ev] c\ld commit any ?+ ( ! k9d to writ+4 ,& z to ,cotta's spee* 9 def5ce ( himself1 call$ a v9dication ( ! ,v>ian ,law1 x 0 compos$1 at 8 own reque/1 by ,l4 ,aelius4 ,?is ,aelius 0 a man ( m]it1 & a v wor?y ,roman knight1 :o 0 ?or\ghly v]s$ 9 ! ,greek & ,roman lit]ature4 ,he _h likewise a critical k ( ! antiquities ( 8 c\ntry1 bo? z to ! date & p>ticul>s ( e new improvem5t1 & e memorable transaction1 & 0 p]fectly well read 9 ! anci5t writ]s2--a bran* ( le>n+ 9 :i* he 0 succe$$ by our fri5d ,v>ro1 a man ( g5ius1 & ( ! mo/ ext5sive erudition1 :o aft]w>ds enl>g$ ! plan by _m valuable collections ( 8 own1 & gave a mu* full] & m elegant sy/em ( x to ! ,public4 ,= ,aelius himself *ose to assume ! "* ( a ,/oic1 & nei!r aim$ to be1 nor ev] 0 an ,orator3 b he compos$ sev]al ,orations = o!r p to pron\nce2 z = ,q4 ,metellus1 ,f4 ,q4 ,caepio1 & ,q4 ,pompeius ,rufus2 ?\gh ! latt] compos$ ^? spee*es himself :i* he spoke 9 8 own def5ce1 b n )\t ! assi/ance ( ,aelius4 ,= ,i myself 0 pres5t at ! writ+ ( !m1 9 ! y\ng] "p ( my life1 :5 ,i us$ to att5d ,aelius = ! b5efit ( 8 in/ructions4 ,b ,i am surpris$1 t ,cotta1 :o 0 really an excell5t ,orator1 & a man ( good le>n+1 %\ld be will+ t ! trifl+ ,spee*es ( ,aelius m\ld be publi%$ to ! _w z 84 ,to ! two above-m5tion$1 no ?ird p]son ( ! same age 0 e/eem$ an equal3 ,pomponius1 h[ev]1 0 a ,speak] mu* to my ta/e2 or1 at lea/1 ,i h v little fault to f9d ) him4 ,b !re 0 no employm5t = any 9 capital causes1 except+ = ^? ,i h already m5tion$2 because ,antonius1 :o 0 always c\rt$ on ^! occasions1 0 v ready to give 8 s]vice2 & ,crassus1 ?\gh n s compliable1 g5]ally cons5t$1 on any press+ sollicitation1 to give 84 ,^? :o _h n int]e/ en\gh to engage ei!r ( ^!1 commonly appli$ to ,philip1 or ,caes>2 b :5 ,cotta & ,sulpicius 7 at lib]ty1 !y g5]ally _h ! pref]5ce3 s t all ! causes 9 :i* any hon\r 0 to be acquir$1 7 plead$ by ^! six ,orators4 ,we may add1 t trials 7 n s frequ5t !n z !y are at pres5t2 nei!r did p employ1 z !y d n[1 sev]al plead]s on ! same side ( ! "q1--a practice :i* is att5d$ ) _m disadvantages4 ,= h]eby we are (t5 oblig$ to speak 9 reply to ^? :om we _h n an opportunity ( he>+2 9 :i* case1 :at has be5 all$g$ on ! opposite side1 is (t5 repres5t$ to u ei!r falsely or imp]fectly2 & besides1 x is a v mat]ial circum/ance1 t ,i myself %\ld be pres5t to see ) :at c\nt5ance my antagoni/ supports 8 allegations1 &1 /ill m s1 to obs]ve ! effect ( e "p ( 8 disc\rse ^u ! audi5ce4 ,& z e def5ce %\ld be conduct$ ^u "o uni=m plan1 no?+ c be m improp]ly contriv$1 ?an to re-comm5ce x by assign+ ! p]oration1 or pa!tical "p ( x1 to a second advocate4 ,= e cause c h b "o natural introduction & conclusion2 & all ! o!r p>ts ( x1 l ! memb]s ( an animal body1 w be/ reta9 _! prop] /r5g? & beauty1 :5 !y are regul>ly dispos$ & connect$4 ,we may add1 t z x is v difficult 9 a s+le ,oration ( any l5g?1 to avoid say+ some?+ :i* does n comport ) ! re/ ( x s well z x ought to d1 h[ mu* m difficult mu/ x be to contrive t no?+ %all be said1 :i* does n tally exactly ) ! spee* ( ano!r p]son :o has spok5 be=e y8 ,b z x c]ta9ly requires m lab\r to plead a :ole cause1 ?an only a "p ( x1 & z _m advantage\s connections are =m$ by assi/+ 9 a suit 9 :i* sev]al p]sons are int]e/$1 ! cu/om1 h[ev] prepo/]\s 9 itself1 has be5 readily adopt$4 ,!re 7 "s1 h[ev]1 :o e/eem$ ,curio ! ?ird be/ ,orator ( ! age2 p]haps1 because 8 language 0 brilliant & pomp\s1 & because he _h a habit 7= :i* ,i suppose he 0 indebt$ to 8 dome/ic education7 ( express+ himself ) tol]able correctness3 = he 0 a man ( v little le>n+4 ,b x is a circum/ance ( great importance1 :at sort ( p we are us$ to conv]se ) at home1 especially 9 ! m e>ly "p ( life2 & :at sort ( language we h be5 accu/om$ to he> f our tutors & p>5ts1 n except+ ! "m4 ,we h all read ! ,lett]s ( ,cornelia1 ! "m ( ! ,grac*i2 & are satisfi$1 t h] sons 7 n s mu* nurtur$ 9 _! "m's lap1 z 9 ! elegance & purity ( h] language4 ,i h (t5 too enjoy$ ! agreeable conv]sation ( ,laelia1 ! daught] ( ,caius1 & obs]v$ 9 h] a /rong t9cture ( h] fa!r's elegance4 ,i h likewise conv]s$ ) 8 two daught]s1 ! ,muciae1 & 8 gr&daught]s1 ! two ,lic9iae1 ) "o ( :om 7! wife ( ,scipio7 y1 my ,brutus1 ,i believe1 h sometimes be5 9 company4--,i h1 repli$ he1 & 0 mu* pleas$ ) h] conv]sation2 & ! m s1 because %e 0 ! daught] ( ,crassus4--,& :at ?9k y1 said ,i1 ( ,crassus1 ! son ( t ,lic9ia1 :o 0 adopt$ by ,crassus 9 8 w8--,he is said1 repli$ he1 to h be5 a man ( great g5ius3 & ! ,scipio y h m5tion$1 :o 0 my colleague1 likewise appe>s to me to h be5 a good ,speak]1 & an elegant companion4--,y\r op9ion1 my ,brutus1 said ,i1 is v j4 ,= ?is family1 if ,i may be all[$ ! expression1 seems to h be5 ! (fspr+ ( ,wisdom4 ,z to _! two gr&fa!rs1 ,scipio & ,crassus1 we h tak5 notice ( !m already3 z we also h ( _! great gr&fa!rs1 ,q4 ,metellus1 :o _h f\r sons1--,p4 ,scipio1 :o1 :5 a private citiz51 fre$ ! ,republic f ! arbitr>y influ5ce ( ,t4 ,grac*us1--& ,q4 ,scaevola1 ! augur1 :o 0 ! able/ & mo/ affable ,civilian ( 8 "t4 ,& la/ly1 h[ illu/ri\s are ! names ( _! next imm$iate prog5itors1 ,p4 ,scipio1 :o 0 twice ,consul1 & 0 call$ ! ,d>l+ ( ! ,p1--& ,c4 ,laelius1 :o 0 e/eem$ ! wise/ ( m58--,a g5]\s /ock inde$6 cries ,brutus1 into :i* ! wisdom ( _m has be5 successively +raft$1 l a numb] ( scions on ! same tree6--,i h likewise a suspicion1 repli$ ,i1 7if we may comp>e small ?+s ) great7 t ,curio's family1 ?\gh he himself 0 left an orphan1 0 indebt$ to 8 fa!r's in/ruction1 & good example1 = ! habitual purity ( _! language3 & s mu* ! m1 because1 ( all ^? :o 7 held 9 any e/imation = _! ,eloqu5ce1 ,i nev] knew "o :o 0 s totally rude & unskill$ 9 e bran* ( lib]al sci5ce4 ,he _h n read a s+le poet1 or /udi$ a s+le orator2 & he knew little or no?+ ei!r ( ,public1 ,civil1 or ,common law4 ,we might say almo/ ! same1 inde$1 ( sev]al o!rs1 & "s ( !m v able ,orators1 :o 7we "k7 7 b little acqua9t$ ) ^! useful p>ts ( k2 z1 = in/ance1 ( ,sulpicius & ,antonius4 ,b ?is defici5cy 0 suppli$ 9 !m by an elaborate k ( ! art ( ,speak+2 & !re 0 n "o ( !m :o 0 totally unqualifi$ 9 any ( ! five ,footnote3 ,inv5tion1 ,disposition1 ,elocution1 ,memory1 & ,pronunciation4 pr9cipal p>ts ( :i* x is compos$2 = :5ev] ?is is ! case1 7& x matt]s n 9 :i* ( ^? p>ts x happ5s7 x intirely incapacitates a man to %9e z an ,orator4 ,"s1 h[ev]1 excell$ 9 "o "p1 & "s 9 ano!r4 ,?us ,antonius c\ld readily inv5t su* argum5ts z 7 mo/ 9 po9t1 & aft]w>ds dige/ & me?odize !m to ! be/ advantage2 & he c\ld likewise reta9 ! plan he _h =m$ ) great exactness3 b 8 *ief m]it 0 ! goodness ( 8 deliv]y1 9 :i* he 0 ju/ly all[$ to excel4 ,9 "s ( ^! qualifications he 0 ^u an equal foot+ ) ,crassus1 & 9 o!rs he 0 sup]ior3 b !n ! language ( ,crassus 0 indisputably pref]able to 84 ,9 ! same mann]1 x _c be said t ei!r ,sulpicius or ,cotta1 or any o!r ,speak] ( repute1 0 absolutely defici5t 9 any "o ( ! five p>ts ( ,oratory4 ,b we may ju/ly inf] f ! example ( ,curio1 t no?+ w m recomm5d an ,orator1 ?an a brilliant & ready fl[ ( expression2 = he 0 rem>kably dull 9 ! inv5tion1 & v loose & unconnect$ 9 ! disposition ( 8 argum5ts4 ,! two rema9+ p>ts are ,pronunciation & ,memory2 9 ea* ( :i* he 0 s poorly qualifi$1 z to excite ! laught] & ! ridicule ( 8 he>]s4 ,8 ge/ure 0 really su* z ,c4 ,julius repres5t$ x1 9 a sev]e s>casm1 t w nev] be =gott52 = z he 0 sway+ & reel+ 8 :ole body f side to side1 ,julius enquir$ v m]rily1 :o x 0 t 0 speak+ f a boat4 ,to ! same purpose 0 ! je/ ( ,cn4 ,sic9ius1 a v vulg> sort ( man1 b exce$+ly hum\r\s1 :i* 0 ! only qualification he _h to recomm5d him z an ,orator4 ,:5 ?is man1 z ,tribune ( ! p1 _h summon$ ,curio & ,octavius1 :o 7 !n ,consuls1 into ! ,=um1 & ,curio _h deliv]$ a t$i\s h>angue1 :ile ,octavius sat sil5tly by him1 wrapt up 9 flannels1 & besme>$ ) o9tm5ts1 to ease ! pa9 ( ! g\t2--,octavius1 said he1 y are inf9itely oblig$ to y\r colleague2 = if he _h n toss$ & flung himself ab\t to-day1 9 ! mann] he did1 y w\ld h c]ta9ly h be5 dev\r$ by ! flies4--,z to 8 memory1 x 0 s extremely trea*]\s1 t aft] he _h divid$ 8 subject into ?ree g5]al heads1 he w\ld sometimes1 9 ! c\rse ( speak+1 ei!r add a f\r?1 or omit ! ?ird4 ,9 a capital trial1 9 :i* ,i _h plead$ = ,tit9ia1 ! daught] ( ,cotta1 :5 he attempt$ to reply to me 9 def5ce ( ,s]v4 ,naevius1 he sudd5ly =got e ?+ he _h int5d$ to say1 & attribut$ x to ! pret5d$ wit*craft1 & magic artifices ( ,tit9ia4 ,^! 7 und\bt$ pro(s ( ! weakness ( 8 memory4 ,b1 :at is /ill m inexcusable1 he sometimes =got1 ev5 9 8 writt5 treatises1 :at he _h m5tion$ b a little be=e4 ,?us1 9 a book ( 81 9 :i* he introduces himself z ent]+ into conv]sation ) our fri5d ,pansa1 & 8 son ,curio1 :5 he 0 walk+ home f ! ,s5ate- h\se2 ! ,s5ate is suppos$ to h be5 summon$ by ,caes> 9 8 fir/ ,consul%ip2 & ! :ole conv]sation arises f ! son's enquiry :at ! ,h\se _h resolv$ ^u4 ,curio laun*es out into a long invective aga9/ ! conduct ( ,caes>1 &1 z is g5]ally ! cu/om 9 dialogues1 ! p>ties are engag$ 9 a close dispute on ! subject3 b v unhappily1 ?\gh ! conv]sation comm5ces at ! break+ up ( ! ,s5ate :i* ,caes> held :5 he 0 fir/ ,consul1 ! au?or c5sures ^? v actions ( ! same ,caes>1 :i* did n happ5 till ! next1 & sev]al o!r succe$+ ye>s ( 8 gov]nm5t 9 ,gaul4--,is x possible !n1 said ,brutus1 ) an air ( surprize1 t any man1 7& especially 9 a writt5 p]=mance7 c\ld be s =getful z n to discov]1 ^u a subsequ5t p]usal ( 8 own "w1 :at an egregi\s blund] he _h committ$8--,v true1 said ,i2 = if he wrote ) a design to discr$it ! measures :i* he repres5ts 9 su* an odi\s light1 no?+ c\ld be m /upid ?an n to comm5ce 8 dialogue at a p]iod :i* 0 subsequ5t to ^? measures4 ,b he s entirely =gets himself1 z to tell u1 t he did n *oose to att5d a ,s5ate :i* 0 held 9 "o ( ,caes>'s future consul%ips1 9 ! v same dialogue 9 :i* he introduces himself z return+ home f a ,s5ate :i* 0 held 9 8 fir/ consul%ip4 ,x _c1 !re=e1 be wond]$ at1 t he :o 0 s rem>kably defective 9 a faculty :i* is ! /ew>d ( our o!r intellectual p[]s1 z to =get1 ev5 9 a writt5 treatise1 a mat]ial circum/ance :i* he _h m5tion$ b a little be=e1 %\ld f9d 8 memory fail him1 z x g5]ally did1 9 a sudd5 & unprem$itat$ h>angue4 ,x accord+ly happ5$1 ?\gh he _h _m connections1 & 0 fond ( speak+ 9 public1 t few causes 7 intru/$ to 8 managem5t4 ,b1 among 8 cotempor>ies1 he 0 e/eem$ next 9 m]it to ! fir/ ,orators ( ! age2 & t m]ely1 z ,i said be=e1 = 8 good *oice ( words1 & 8 uncommon read9ess1 & great flu5cy ( expression4 ,8 ,orations1 !re=e1 may des]ve a cursory p]usal4 ,x is true1 inde$1 !y are mu* too languid & spiritless2 b !y may yet be ( s]vice to enl>ge & improve an accompli%m5t1 ( :i* he c]ta9ly _h a mod]ate %>e2 & :i* has s mu* =ce & efficacy1 t x gave ,curio ! appe>ance & reputation ( an ,orator1 )\t ! assi/ance ( any o!r good quality4 ,b to return to our subject1--,c4 ,c>bo1 ( ! same age1 0 likewise reckon$ an ,orator ( ! second class3 he 0 ! son1 inde$1 ( ! truly eloqu5t man be=e-m5tion$1 b 0 f> f be+ an acute ,speak] himself3 he 01 h[ev]1 e/eem$ an ,orator4 ,8 language 0 tol]ably n]v\s1 he spoke ) ease1--& !re 0 an air ( au?ority 9 8 address t 0 p]fectly natural4 ,b ,q4 ,v>ius 0 a man ( quick] inv5tion1 &1 at ! same "t1 _h an equal fre$om ( expression3 besides :i*1 he _h a bold & spirit$ deliv]y1 & a ve9 ( elocution :i* 0 nei!r poor1 nor co>se & vulg>2--9 %ort1 y ne$ n hesitate to pron\nce him an ,orator4 ,cn4 ,pomponius 0 a vehem5t1 a r\s+1 & a fi]ce & eag] ,speak]1 & m incl9$ to act ! "p ( a prosecutor1 ?an ( an advocate4 ,b f> inf]ior to ^! 0 ,l4 ,fufius2 ?\gh 8 application 01 9 "s measure1 rew>d$ by ! success ( 8 prosecution aga9/ ,m4 ,aquilius4 ,= z to ,m4 ,drusus1 y\r great uncle1 :o spoke l an ,orator only ^u matt]s ( gov]nm5t2--,l4 ,lucullus1 :o 0 inde$ an artful ,speak]1 & y\r fa!r1 my ,brutus1 :o 0 well acqua9t$ ) ! ,common & ,civil ,law2 --,m4 ,lucullus1 & ,m4 ,octavius1 ! son ( ,cnaeus1 :o 0 a man ( s mu* au?ority & address1 z to procure ! repeal ( ,sempronius's corn-act1 by ! suffrages ( a full assembly ( ! p2--,cn4 ,octavius1 ! son ( ,m>cus1--& ,m4 ,cato1 ! fa!r1 & ,q4 ,catulus1 ! son2--we mu/ excuse ^! 7if ,i may s express myself7 f ! fatigues & dang]s ( ! field1--t is1 f ! managem5t ( judicial causes1 & place !m 9 g>ison ov] ! g5]al int]e/s ( ! ,republic1 a duty to :i* !y seem to h be5 suffici5tly adequate4 ,i %\ld h assign$ ! same po/ to ,q4 ,caepio1 if he _h n be5 s viol5tly atta*$ to ! ,eque/rian ,ord]1 z to set himself at v>iance ) ! ,s5ate4 ,i h also rem>k$1 t ,cn4 ,c>bo1 ,m4 ,m>ius1 & sev]al o!rs ( ! same /amp1 :o w\ld n h m]it$ ! att5tion ( an audi5ce t _h any ta/e = elegance1 7 extremely well suit$ to address a tumultu\s cr[d4 ,9 ! same class1 7if ,i may be all[$ to int]rupt ! s]ies ( my n>rative7 ,l4 ,qu9tius lately made 8 appe>ance3 ?\gh ,palicanus1 x mu/ be own$1 0 /ill bett] adapt$ to please ! e>s ( ! populace4 ,b1 z ,i h m5tion$ ?is inf]ior k9d ( ,speak]s1 ,i mu/ be s j to ,l4 ,apuleius ,saturn9us1 z to obs]ve t1 ( all ! facti\s declaim]s s9ce ! "t ( ! ,grac*i1 he 0 g5]ally e/eem$ ! able/3 & yet he caught ! att5tion ( ! ,public1 m by 8 appe>ance1 8 ge/ure1 & 8 dress1 ?an by any real flu5cy ( expression1 or ev5 a tol]able %>e ( good s5se4 ,b ,c4 ,s]vilius ,glaucia1 ?\gh ! mo/ ab&on$ wret* t ev] exi/$1 0 v ke5 & artful1 & excessively hum\r\s2 & not)/&+ ! meanness ( 8 bir?1 & ! depravity ( 8 life1 he w\ld h be5 advanc$ to ! dignity ( a ,consul 9 8 ,praetor%ip1 if x _h be5 judg$ lawful to admit 8 suit3 = ! populace 7 entirely at 8 devotion1 & he _h secur$ ! int]e/ ( ! ,knights1 by an act he _h procur$ 9 _! fav\r4 ,he 0 sla9 9 ! op5 ,=um1 :ile he 0 ,praetor1 on ! same day z ! tribune ,saturn9us1 9 ! ,consul%ip ( ,m>ius & ,flaccus2 & bore a ne> resemblance to ,hyp]bolus1 ! ,a!nian1 ^: pr(ligacy 0 s sev]ely /igmatiz$ 9 ! old ,attic ,com$ies4 ,^! 7 succe$$ by ,sext4 ,titius1 :o 0 inde$ a voluble ,speak]1 & possess$ a ready compreh5sion1 b he 0 s loose & effem9ate 9 8 ge/ure1 z to furni% room = ! inv5tion ( a dance1 :i* 0 call$ ! ,titian jigg3 s c>eful %\ld we be to avoid e oddity 9 our mann] ( speak+1 :i* may aft]w>ds be expos$ to ridicule by a ludicr\s imitation4 ,b we h rambl$ back ins5sibly to a p]iod :i* has be5 already exam9$3 let u1 !re=e1 return to t :i* we 7 review+ a little be=e4 ,cotempor>y ) ,sulpicius 0 ,p4 ,anti/ius1--a plausible declaim]1 :o1 aft] be+ sil5t = sev]al ye>s1 & expos$1 7z he (t5 07 n only to ! contempt1 b ! d]ision ( 8 he>]s1 fir/ spoke ) applause 9 8 tribune%ip1 9 a real & v int]e/+ prote/ aga9/ ! illegal application ( ,c4 ,julius = ! consul%ip2 & t s mu* ! m1 because ?\gh ,sulpicius himself1 :o !n happ5$ to be 8 colleague1 spoke on ! same side ( ! debate1 ,anti/ius argu$ m copi\sly1 & to bett] purpose4 ,?is rais$ 8 reputation s high1 t _m1 & 7soon aft]w>ds7 e cause ( importance1 0 eag]ly recomm5d$ to 8 patronage4 ,to speak ! tru?1 he _h a quick conception1 a me?odical judgm5t1 & a ret5tive memory2 & ?\gh 8 language 0 n mu* embelli%$1 x 0 v f> f be+ l[4 ,9 %ort1 8 /yle 0 easy1 & fl[+1 & 8 appe>ance r g5teel ?an o!rwise3 b 8 action 0 a little defective1 p>tly ?r\gh ! disagreeable tone ( 8 voice1 & p>tly by a few ridicul\s ge/ures1 ( :i* he c\ld n entirely break himself4 ,he fl\ri%$ 9 ! "t betwe5 ! flight & ! return ( ,sylla1 :5 ! ,republic 0 depriv$ ( a regul> adm9i/ration ( ju/ice1 & ( its =m] dignity & spl5dor4 ,b ! v fav\rable reception he met ) 01 9 "s measure1 ow+ to ! great sc>city ( good ,orators :i* !n prevail$ 9 ! ,=um4 ,= ,sulpicius 0 dead2 ,cotta & ,curio 7 abroad2 & no plead]s ( any em95ce 7 left b ,c>bo & ,pomponius1 f ea* ( :om he easily c>ri$ (f ! palm4 ,8 ne>e/ successor 9 ! foll[+ age 0 ,l4 ,sis5na1 :o 0 a man ( le>n+1 _h a ta/e = ! lib]al ,sci5ces1 spoke ! ,roman language ) accuracy1 0 well acqua9t$ ) ! laws & con/itution ( 8 c\ntry1 & _h a tol]able %>e ( wit2 b he 0 n a ,speak] ( any great application1 or ext5sive practice2 & z he happ5$ to live 9 ! int]m$iate "t betwe5 ! appe>ance ( ,sulpicius & ,hort5sius1 he 0 unable to equal ! =m]1 & =c$ to yield to ! sup]ior tal5ts ( ! latt]4 ,we may easily =m a judgm5t ( 8 abilities f ! hi/orical ,works he has left beh9d him2 :i*1 ?\gh evid5tly pref]able to any ?+ ( ! k9d :i* _h appe>$ be=e1 may s]ve z a pro( t he 0 f> bel[ ! /&>d ( p]fection1 & t ?is species ( composition _h n !n be5 improv$ to any great degree ( excell5ce among ! ,romans4 ,b ! g5ius ( ,q4 ,hort5sius1 ev5 9 8 e>ly y\?1 l "o ( ,phidias's /atues1 0 no soon] beheld ?an x 0 univ]sally admir$6 ,he spoke 8 fir/ ,oration 9 ! ,=um 9 ! consul%ip ( ,l4 ,crassus & ,q4 ,scaevola1 to :om x 0 p]sonally adress$2 & ?\gh he 0 !n only n9ete5 ye>s old1 he desc5d$ f ! ,ro/ra ) ! he>ty approbation n only ( ! audi5ce 9 g5]al1 b ( ! two ,consuls !mselves1 :o 7 ! mo/ intellig5t judges 9 ! :ole city4 ,he di$ 9 ! consul%ip ( ,l4 ,paulus & ,c4 ,m>cellus2 f :i* x appe>s t he 0 f\r-&-=ty ye>s a ,plead]4 ,we %all review 8 "* m at l>ge 9 ! sequel3 b 9 ?is "p ( my hi/ory1 ,i *ose to include him 9 ! numb] ( ,orators :o 7 r ( an e>li] date4 ,?is inde$ mu/ necess>ily happ5 to all ^: lives are ( any consid]able l5g?3 = !y are equally liable to a comp>ison ) _! ,eld]s & _! ,juniors2 z 9 ! case ( ! poet ,attius1 :o says t bo? he & ,pacuvius appli$ !mselves to ! cultivation ( ! drama "u ! fame ,a$iles2 ?\gh1 at ! "t1 ! "o 0 eighty1 & ! o!r only ?irty ye>s old4 ,?us ,hort5sius may be p>allel$ n only ) ^? :o 7 prop]ly 8 contempor>ies1 b ) me1 & y1 my ,brutus1 & ) o!rs ( a prior date4 ,= he began to speak 9 public :ile ,crassus 0 liv+ b 8 fame increas$ :5 he appe>$ z a jo9t advocate ) ,antonius & ,philip 7at t "t 9 ! decl9e ( life7 9 def5ce ( ,cn4 ,pompeius1-- a cause 9 :i* 7?\gh a m]e y\?7 he di/+ui%$ himself above ! re/4 ,he may !re=e be includ$ 9 ! lift ( ^? :om ,i h plac$ 9 ! "t ( ,sulpicius2 b among 8 prop] covals1 su* z ,m4 ,piso1 ,m4 ,crassus1 ,cn4 ,l5tulus1 & ,p4 ,l5tulus ,sura1 he excell$ beyond ! rea* ( competition2 & aft] ^! he happ5$ ^u me1 9 ! e>ly "p ( my life 7= ,i 0 eight ye>s y\ng] ?an himself7 & sp5t a numb] ( ye>s ) me 9 pursuit ( ! same =5sic glory3 & at la/1 7a little be=e 8 dea?7 he once plead$ ) y1 9 def5ce ( ,appius ,claudius1 z ,i h frequ5tly done = o!rs4 ,?us y see1 my ,brutus1 ,i am come ins5sibly to y\rself1 ?\gh !re 0 und\bt$ly a great v>iety ( ,orators betwe5 my fir/ appe>ance 9 ! ,=um1 & y\rs4 ,b z ,i det]m9$1 :5 we began ! conv]sation1 to make no m5tion ( ^? among !m :o are /ill liv+1 to prev5t y\r enquir+ too m9utely :at is my op9ion conc]n+ ea*2 ,i %all conf9e myself to su* z are n[ no m4--,t is n ! true reason1 said ,brutus1 :y y *oose to be sil5t ab\t ! liv+4--,:at !n d y suppose x to be1 said ,i8--,y are only fe>ful1 repli$ he1 t y\r rem>ks %\ld aft]w>ds be m5tion$ by u 9 o!r company1 & t1 by ?is means1 y %\ld expose y\rself to ! res5tm5t ( ^?1 :om y may n ?9k x wor? y\r :ile to notice4--,inde$1 answ]$ ,i1 ,i h n ! lea/ d\bt ( y\r secresy4--,nei!r h y any reason1 said he2 b aft] all1 ,i suppose1 y _h r be sil5t y\rself1 ?an rely ^u our taciturnity4--,to confess ! tru?1 repli$ ,i1 :5 ,i fir/ ent]$ ^u ! subject1 ,i nev] imag9$ t ,i %\ld h ext5d$ x to ! age n[ be=e u2 :]eas ,i h be5 drawn by a cont9u$ s]ies ( hi/ory among ! mod]ns ( late/ date4 --,introduce1 !n1 said he1 ^? int]m$iate ,orators y may ?9k wor?y ( our notice3 & aft]w>ds let u return to y\rself1 & ,hort5sius4--,to ,hort5sius1 repli$ ,i1 ) all my he>t2 b z to my own "*1 ,i %all leave x to o!r p to exam9e1 if !y *oose to take ! tr\ble4--,i c by no means agree to t1 said he3 = ?\gh e "p ( ! acc\nt y h fav\r$ u )1 has ent]ta9$ me v agreeably1 x n[ beg9s to seem t$i\s1 because ,i am impati5t to he> some?+ ( y\rself3 ,i d n mean ! wond]ful qualities1 b ! progressive /eps1 & advances ( y\r ,eloqu5ce2 = ! =m] are suffici5tly kn[n already bo? to me1 & ! :ole _w4--,z y d n require me1 said ,i1 to s\nd ! praises ( my own g5ius1 b only to describe my lab\r & application to improve x1 y\r reque/ %all be compli$ )4 ,b to pres]ve ! ord] ( my n>rative1 ,i %all fir/ introduce su* o!r ,speak]s z ,i ?9k ought to be previ\sly notic$3 & ,i %all beg9 ) ,m4 ,crassus1 :o 0 contempor>y ) ,hort5sius4 ,) a tol]able %>e ( le>n+1 & a v mod]ate capacity1 8 application1 assiduity1 & int]e/1 procur$ him a place among ! able/ ,plead]s ( ! "t = sev]al ye>s4 ,8 language 0 pure1 8 expression nei!r l[ nor ung5teel1 & 8 ideas well dige/$3 b he _h no?+ 9 him t 0 florid1 & ornam5tal2 & ! real ardor ( 8 m9d 0 n support$ by any vigor\s ex]tion ( 8 voice1 s t he pron\nc$ almo/ e ?+ 9 ! same uni=m tone4 ,8 equal1 & pr(ess$ antagoni/ ,c4 ,fimbria 0 n able to ma9ta9 8 "* s long2 & ?\gh he always spoke ) a /rong & elevat$ voice1 & p\r$ =? a rapid torr5t ( well-*os5 expressions1 he 0 s immod]ately vehem5t t y might ju/ly be surpris$ t ! p %\ld h be5 s abs5t & inatt5tive z to admit a madman1 l him1 into ! lift ( ,orators4 ,z to ,cn4 ,l5tulus1 8 action acquir$ him a reputation = 8 ,eloqu5ce v f> beyond 8 real abilities3 = ?\gh he 0 n a man ( any great p5etration 7not)/&+ he c>ri$ ! appe>ance ( x 9 8 c\nt5ance7 nor possess$ any real flu5cy ( expression 7?\gh he 0 equally speci\s 9 ?is respect z 9 ! =m]7--yet by 8 sudd5 breaks1 & exclamations1 he affect$ su* an ironical air ( surprize1 ) a sweet & sonor\s turn ( voice1 & 8 :ole action 0 s w>m & lively1 t 8 defects 7 sc>cely notic$4 ,= z ,curio acquir$ ! reputation ( an ,orator ) no o!r quality ?an a tol]able fre$om ( ,elocution2 s ,cn4 ,l5tulus conceal$ ! m$iocrity ( 8 o!r accompli%m5ts by 8 action1 :i* 0 really excell5t4 ,mu* ! same might be said ( ,p4 ,l5tulus1 ^: pov]ty ( inv5tion & expression 0 secur$ f notice by ! m]e dignity ( 8 pres5ce1 8 correct & graceful ge/ure1 & ! /r5g? & sweetness ( 8 voice3 & 8 m]it dep5d$ s entirely ^u 8 action1 t he 0 m defici5t 9 e o!r quality ?an 8 namesake4 ,b ,m4 ,piso d]iv$ all 8 tal5ts f 8 erudition2 = he 0 mu* bett] v]s$ 9 ! ,grecian lit]ature ?an any ( 8 pr$ecessors4 ,he _h1 h[ev]1 a natural ke5ness ( disc]nm5t1 :i* he greatly improv$ by art1 & ex]t$ ) great address & dext]ity1 ?\gh 9 v indiff]5t language3 b he 0 frequ5tly w>m & *ol]ic1 sometimes cold & insipid1 & n[ & !n r sm>t & hum\r\s4 ,he did n long support ! fatigue1 & emul\s cont5tion ( ! ,=um2 p>tly1 on acc\nt ( ! weakness ( 8 con/itution2 & p>tly1 because he c\ld n submit to ! follies & imp]t95cies ( ! common p 7:i* we ,orators are =c$ to swall[7 ei!r1 z x 0 g5]ally suppos$1 f a peculi> moros5ess ( temp]1 or f a lib]al & +5u\s pride ( he>t4 ,aft] acquir+1 !re=e1 9 8 y\?1 a tol]able degree ( reputation1 8 "* began to s9k3 b 9 ! trial ( ! ,ve/als1 he aga9 recov]$ x ) "s additional lu/re1 & be+ ?us recall$ to ! !atre ( ,eloqu5ce1 he kept 8 rank1 z long z he 0 able to support ! fatigue ( x2 aft] :i* 8 cr$it decl9$1 9 proportion z he remitt$ 8 application4--,p4 ,mur5a _h a mod]ate g5ius1 b 0 passionately fond ( ! /udy ( ,antiquity2 he appli$ himself ) equal dilig5ce to ! ,belles ,lettres1 9 :i* he 0 tol]ably v]s$2 9 %ort1 he 0 a man ( great indu/ry1 & took ! utmo/ pa9s to di/+ui% himself4--,c4 ,c5sor9us _h a good /ock ( ,grecian lit]ature1 expla9$ :atev] he advanc$ ) great neatness & p]spicuity1 & _h a graceful action1 b 0 too cold & unanimat$ = ! ,=um4--,l4 ,turius ) a v indiff]5t g5ius1 b ! mo/ indefatigable application1 spoke 9 public v (t51 9 ! be/ mann] he 0 able2 &1 accord+ly1 he only want$ ! votes ( a few ,c5turies to promote him to ! ,consul%ip4--,c4 ,mac] 0 nev] a man ( mu* int]e/ or au?ority1 b 0 "o ( ! mo/ active ,plead]s ( 8 "t2 & if 8 life1 8 mann]s1 & 8 v looks1 _h n ru9$ ! cr$it ( 8 g5ius1 he w\ld h rank$ high] 9 ! lift ( ,orators4 ,he 0 nei!r copi\s1 nor dry & b>r52 nei!r eat & embelli%$1 nor :olly inelegant2 & 8 voice1 8 ge/ure1 & e "p ( 8 action1 0 )\t any grace3 b 9 inv5t+ & dige/+ 8 ideas1 he _h a wond]ful accuracy1 su* z no man ,i ev] saw ei!r possess$ or ex]t$ 9 a m em95t degree2 & yet1 "s h[1 he display$ x r ) ! air ( a ,quibbl]1 ?an ( an ,orator4 ,?\gh he _h acquir$ "s reputation 9 public causes1 he appe>$ to mo/ advantage & 0 mo/ c\rt$ & employ$ 9 private ones4--,c4 ,piso1 :o comes next 9 ord]1 _h sc>cely any ex]tion1 b he 0 a ,speak] ( a v conv]tible /yle2 & ?\gh1 9 fact1 he 0 f> f be+ sl[ ( inv5tion1 he _h m p5etration 9 8 look & appe>ance ?an he really possess$4--,8 cotempor>y ,m4 ,glabrio1 ?\gh c>efully in/ruct$ by 8 gr&fa!r ,scaevola1 0 prev5t$ f di/+ui%+ himself by 8 natural indol5ce & want ( att5tion4--,l4 ,torquatus1 on ! contr>y1 _h an elegant turn ( expression1 & a cle> compreh5sion1 & 0 p]fectly g5teel & well-br$ 9 8 :ole mann]4--,b ,cn4 ,pompeius1 my coeval1 a man :o 0 born to excel 9 e ?+1 w\ld h acquir$ a m di/+ui%$ reputation = 8 ,eloqu5ce1 if he _h n be5 div]t$ f ! pursuit ( x by ! m dazzl+ *>ms ( milit>y fame4 ,8 language 0 naturally bold & elevat$1 & he 0 always ma/] ( 8 subject2 & z to 8 p[]s ( enunciation1 8 voice 0 sonor\s & manly1 & 8 ge/ure noble1 & full ( dignity4 --,d4 ,silanus1 ano!r ( my cotempor>ies1 & y\r fa!r-9-law1 0 n a man ( mu* application1 b he _h a v compet5t %>e ( disc]nm5t1 & elocution4--,q4 ,pompeius1 ! son ( ,aulus1 :o _h ! title ( ,bi?ynicus1 & 0 ab\t two ye>s old] ?an myself1 01 to my own k1 rem>kably fond ( ! /udy ( ,eloqu5ce1 _h an uncommon /ock ( le>n+1 & 0 a man ( indefatigable indu/ry & p]sev]ance3 = he 0 connect$ ) me & ,m4 ,piso1 n only z an intimate acqua9tance1 b z an associate 9 our /udies1 & private ex]cises4 ,8 elocution 0 b poorly recomm5d$ by 8 action3 = ?\gh ! =m] 0 suffici5tly copi\s & diffusive1 !re 0 no?+ graceful 9 ! latt]4--,8 contempor>y1 ,p4 ,autronius1 _h a v cle>1 & /rong voice2 b he 0 di/+ui%$ by no o!r accompli%m5t4--,l4 ,octavius ,reat9us di$ 9 8 y\?1 :ile he 0 9 full practice3 b he asc5d$ ! ro/ra ) m assurance1 ?an ability4--,c4 ,/ai5us1 :o *ang$ 8 "n into ,aelius by a k9d ( self- adoption1 0 a w>m1 an abusive1 & inde$ a furi\s speak]2 :i* 0 s agreeable to ! ta/e ( _m1 t he w\ld h ris5 to "s rank 9 ! ,/ate1 if x _h n be5 = a crime ( :i* he 0 cle>ly convict$1 & = :i* he aft]w>ds suff]$4--,at ! same "t 7 ! two bro!rs ,c4 & ,l4 ,caepasius1 :o1 ?\gh m5 ( an obscure family1 & little previ\s consequ5ce1 7 yet1 by m]e d9t ( application1 sudd5ly promot$ to ! ,quae/or%ip1 ) no o!r recomm5dation ?an a prov9cial & unpoli%$ k9d ( ,oratory4--,t ,i may n seem to h put a wilful slight on any ( ! vocif]\s tribe1 ,i mu/ also notice ,c4 ,cosconius ,calidianus1 :o1 )\t any disc]nm5t1 amus$ ! p ) a rapidity ( language 7if su* x might be call$7 :i* he att5d$ ) a p]petual hurry ( action1 & a mo/ viol5t ex]tion ( 8 voice4--,( mu* ! same ca/ 0 ,q4 ,arrius1 :o may be consid]$ z a second-h& ,m4 ,crassus4 ,he is a /rik+ pro( ( :at consequ5ce x is 9 su* a city z ours to devote "o's-self to ! occasions ( ! _m1 & to be z active z possible 9 promot+ _! safety1 or _! hon\r4 ,= by ^! means1 ?\gh ( ! l[e/ p>5tage1 hav+ rais$ himself to (fices ( rank1 & to consid]able weal? & influ5ce1 he likewise acquir$ ! reputation ( a tol]able patron1 )\t ei!r le>n+ or abilities4 ,b z inexp]i5c$ *ampions1 :o1 f a passionate desire to di/+ui% !mselves 9 ! ,circus1 c be> ! bl[s ( _! oppon5ts )\t %r9k+1 are (t5 ov]p[]$ by ! heat ( ! sun1 :5 x is increas$ by ! reflection ( ! s&2 s he1 :o _h hi!rto support$ ev5 ! %>pe/ enc\nt]s ) good success1 c\ld n /& ! sev]ity ( t ye> ( judicial conte/1 :i* blaz$ ^u him l a summ]'s sun4 ,^u my ^w1 cri$ ,atticus1 y are n[ treat+ u ) ! v dregs ( ,oratory1 & y h ent]ta9$ u 9 ?is mann] = "s "t3 b ,i did n (f] to int]rupt y1 because ,i nev] dream$ y w\ld h desc5d$ s l[ z to m5tion ! ,/ai5i & ,autronii6-- ,z ,i h be5 speak+ ( ! dead1 y w n imag9e1 ,i suppose1 said ,i1 t ,i h done x to c\rt _! fav\r3 b 9 pursu+ ! ord] ( hi/ory1 ,i 0 necess>ily l$ by degrees to a p]iod ( "t :i* falls )9 ! compass ( our own k4 ,b ,i wi% x to be notic$1 t aft] rec\nt+ all :o ev] v5tur$ to speak 9 public1 we f9d b few1 7v few inde$67 ^: names are wor? record+2 & n _m :o _h ev5 ! repute ( be+ ,orators4 ,let u1 h[ev]1 return to our subject4 ,t4 ,torquatus1 !n1 ! son ( ,titus1 0 a man ( le>n+1 7:i* he fir/ acquir$ 9 ! s*ool ( ,molo 9 ,rhodes17 & ( a free & easy elocution :i* he receiv$ f ,nature4 ,if he _h liv$ to a prop] age1 he w\ld h be5 *os5 ,consul1 )\t any canvass+2 b he _h m ability = speak+ ?an incl9ation2 s t1 9 fact1 he did n d ju/ice to ! art he pr(ess$2 & yet he 0 nev] want+ to 8 duty1 ei!r 9 ! private causes ( 8 fri5ds & dep5d5ts1 or 9 8 s5atorial capacity4--,my t[nsman too1 ,p4 ,pontidius1 plead$ a numb] ( private causes4 ,he _h a rapidity ( expression1 & a tol]able quickness ( compreh5sion3 b he 0 v w>m1 & inde$ r too *ol]ic & irascible2 s t he (t5 wrangl$ n only ) 8 antagoni/1 b 7:at appe>s v /range7 ) ! judge himself1 :om x 0 r 8 bus9ess to soo? & gratify4--,m4 ,messala1 :o 0 some?+ y\ng] ?an myself1 0 f> f be+ a poor & an abject ,plead]1 & yet he 0 n a v embelli%$ "o4 ,he 0 judici\s1 p5etrat+1 & w>y1 v exact 9 dige/+ & me?odiz+ 8 subject1 & a man ( uncommon dilig5ce & application1 & ( v ext5sive practice4--,z to ! two ,metelli 7,cel] & ,nepos7 ^! also _h a mod]ate %>e ( employm5t at ! b>2 b be+ de/itute nei!r ( le>n+ nor abilities1 !y *iefly appli$ !mselves 7& ) "s success7 to debates ( a m popul> k9d4--,b ,caius ,l5tulus ,m>cell9us1 :o 0 nev] reckon$ a bad ,speak]1 0 e/eem$ a v eloqu5t "o 9 8 ,consul%ip4 ,he want$ nei!r s5tim5t1 nor expression2 8 voice 0 sweet & sonor\s2 & he _h a suffici5t /ock ( hum\r4--,c4 ,memmius1 ! son ( ,lucius1 0 a p]fect adept 9 ! belles lettres ( ! ,greeks2 = he _h an insup]able disgu/ to ! lit]ature ( ! ,romans4 ,he 0 a neat & poli%$ ,speak]1 & _h a sweet & h>moni\s turn ( expression2 b z he 0 equally av]se to e labori\s ef=t ei!r ( ! m9d or ! tongue1 8 ,eloqu5ce decl9$ 9 proportion z he less5$ 8 application4-- ,b ,i he>tily wi%1 said ,brutus1 t y w\ld give u y\r op9ion ( ^? ,orators :o are /ill liv+2 or1 if y are det]m9$ to say no?+ ( ! re/1 !re are two at lea/1 7t is ,caes> & ,m>cellus1 :om ,i h (t5 he>d y speak ( ) ! highe/ approbation7 ^: *>act]s w\ld give me z mu* ent]ta9m5t z any ( ^? y h already specifi$4--,b :y1 answ]$ ,i1 w\ld y expect t ,i w\ld give y my op9ion ( m5 :o are z well kn[n to y\rself z to me8--,m>cellus1 inde$1 repli$ he1 ,i am v well acqua9t$ )2 b z to ,caes>1 ,i "k little ( him4 ,= ,i h he>d ! =m] v (t53 b1 by ! "t ,i 0 able to judge = myself1 ! latt] _h set out = 8 prov9ce4--,mighty well1 said ,i2 & :at ?9k y ( him y h he>d s (t58--,:at else c ,i ?9k1 repli$ he1 b t y w soon h an ,orator1 :o w v ne>ly resemble y\rself8--,if t is ! case1 answ]$ ,i1 pray ?9k ( him z fav\rably z y c4 ,i d1 said he2 = he pleases me v highly2 & n )\t reason4 ,he is absolutely ma/] ( 8 trade1 &1 neglect+ e o!r pr(ession1 has appli$ himself solely to ?is2 &1 = t purpose1 has p]sev]$ 9 ! rigor\s task ( compos+ a daily ,essay 9 writ+4 ,8 words are well *os52 8 language is full & copi\s2 & e ?+ he says receives an additional ornam5t f ! graceful tone ( 8 voice1 & ! dignity ( 8 action4 ,9 %ort1 he is s compleat an ,orator1 t !re is no quality ,i "k (1 9 :i* ,i c ?9k him defici5t4 ,b he is /ill m to be admir$1 = be+ able1 9 ^! unhappy times1 7:i* are m>k$ ) a di/ress t1 by "s cruel fatality1 has ov]:elm$ u all7 to console himself1 z opportunity (f]s1 ) ! consci\sness ( 8 own integrity1 & by ! frequ5t r5ewal ( 8 lit]>y pursuits4 ,i saw him lately at ,mityl5e2 & !n 7z ,i h already h9t$7 ,i saw him a ?or\gh man4 ,= ?\gh ,i _h be=e discov]$ 9 him a /rong resemblance ( y\rself1 ! lik5ess 0 mu* improv$1 aft] he 0 enri*$ by ! in/ructions ( y\r le>n$1 & v intimate fri5d ,cratippus4-- ,?\gh ,i ackn[l$ge1 said ,i1 t ,i h li/5$ ) pleasure to y\r ,elogies on a v wor?y man1 = :om ,i h ! w>me/ e/eem1 !y h l$ me ins5sibly to ! recollection ( our common mis]ies1 :i* our pres5t conv]sation 0 int5d$ to susp5d4 ,b ,i w\ld will+ly he> :at is ,atticus's op9ion ( ,caes>4--,^u my ^w1 repli$ ,atticus1 y are wond]fully consi/5t ) y\r plan1 to say no?+ y\rself ( ! liv+3 & inde$1 if y 0 to deal ) !m1 z y already h ) ! dead1 & say some?+ ( e paltry fell[ t occurs to y\r memory1 y w\ld plague u ) ,autronii & ,/eiani )\t end4 ,b ?\gh y might possibly h x 9 view n to incumb] y\rself ) su* a num]\s cr[d ( insignificant wret*es2 or p]haps1 to avoid giv+ any "o room to compla9 t he 0 ei!r unnotic$1 or n extoll$ accord+ to 8 imag9>y m]it2 yet1 c]ta9ly1 y might h said some?+ ( ,caes>2 especially1 z y\r op9ion ( 8 abilities is well kn[n to e body1 & 8 conc]n+ y\r's is v f> f be+ a secret4 ,b1 h[ev]1 said he1 7address+ himself to ,brutus7 ,i really ?9k ( ,caes>1 & e body else says ! same ( ?is accurate connoisseur 9 ! ,art ( ,speak+1 t he has ! pure/ & ! mo/ elegant comm& ( ! ,roman language ( all ! ,orators t h yet appe>$3 & t n m]ely by dome/ic habit1 z we h lately he>d x obs]v$ ( ! families ( ! ,laelii & ! ,mucii1 7?\gh ev5 "h1 ,i believe1 ?is might p>tly h be5 ! case7 b he *iefly acquir$ & br\ght x to its pres5t p]fection1 by a /udi\s application to ! mo/ intricate & ref9$ bran*es ( lit]ature1 & by a c>eful & con/ant att5tion to ! purity ( 8 /yle4 ,b t he1 :o1 involv$ z he 0 9 a p]petual hurry ( bus9ess1 c\ld d$icate to y1 my ,cic]o1 a lab\r$ ,treatise on ! ,art ( ,speak+ correctly2 t he1 :o1 9 ! fir/ book ( x1 laid x d[n z an axiom1 t an accurate *oice ( words is ! f\ndation ( ,eloqu5ce2 & :o has be/[$1 said he1 7address+ himself aga9 to ,brutus7 ! highe/ encomiums on ?is fri5d ( ours1 :o yet *ooses to leave ,caes>'s "* to me2--t he %\ld be a p]fect ma/] ( ! language ( polite cons]vation1 is a circum/ance :i* is almo/ too obvi\s to be m5tion$4 ,i said1 ! highe/ encomiums1 pursu$ ,atticus1 because he says 9 s _m words1 :5 he addresses himself to ,cic]o--if o!rs h be/[$ all _! "t & att5tion to acquire a habit ( express+ !mselves ) ease & correctness1 h[ mu* is ! "n & dignity ( ! ,roman p indebt$ to y1 :o are ! highe/ patt]n1 & inde$ ! fir/ inv5tor ( t ri* f]tility ( language :i* di/+ui%es y\r p]=mances8--,inde$1 said ,brutus1 ,i ?9k he has extoll$ y\r m]it 9 a v fri5dly1 & a v magnific5t /yle3 = y are n only ! highe/ patt]n1 & ev5 ! fir/ inv5tor ( all our f]tility ( language1 :i* alone is praise en\gh to cont5t any reasonable man1 b y h add$ fre% hon\rs to ! "n & dignity ( ! ,roman p2 = ! v excell5ce 9 :i* we _h hi!rto be5 conqu]$ by ! vanqui%$ ,greeks1 has n[ be5 ei!r wre/$ f _! h&s1 or equally %>$1 at lea/1 betwe5 u & !m4 ,s t ,i pref] ?is hon\rable te/imony ( ,caes>1 ,i w n say to ! public ?anksgiv+1 :i* 0 decre$ = y\r own milit>y s]vices1 b to ! triumphs ( _m h]oes4--,v true1 repli$ ,i1 provid$ ?is hon\rable te/imony 0 really ! voice ( ,caes>'s judgm5t1 & n ( 8 fri5d%ip3 = he c]ta9ly has add$ m to ! dignity ( ! ,roman p1 :oev] he may be 7if inde$ any su* man has yet exi/$7 :o has n only exemplifi$ & enl>g$1 b fir/ produc$ ?is ri* f]tility ( expression1 ?an ! d\ghty w>rior :o has /orm$ a few paltry ca/les ( ! ,ligurians1 :i* h furni%$ u1 y "k1 ) _m repeat$ triumphs4 ,9 reality1 if we c submit to he> ! tru?1 x may be ass]t$ 7to say no?+ ( ^? god-l plans1 :i*1 support$ by ! wisdom ( our ,g5]als1 has frequ5tly sav$ ! s9k+ ,/ate bo? abroad & at home7 t an ,orator is ju/ly entitl$ to ! pref]5ce to any ,comm&] 9 a petty w>4 ,b ! ,g5]al1 y w say1 is ! m s]viceable man to ! public4 ,nobody d5ies x3 & yet 7= ,i am n afraid ( provok+ y\r c5sure1 9 a conv]sation :i* leaves ea* ( u at lib]ty to say :at he ?9ks7 ,i _h r be ! au?or ( ! s+le ,oration ( ,crassus1 9 def5ce ( ,curius1 ?an be hon\r$ ) two ,ligurian triumphs4 ,y w1 p]haps1 reply1 t ! /orm+ a ca/le ( ! ,ligurians 0 a ?+ ( m consequ5ce to ! ,/ate1 ?an t ! claim ( ,curius %\ld be ably support$4 ,?is ,i own to be true4 ,b x 0 also ( m consequ5ce to ! ,a!nians1 t _! h\ses %\ld be securely ro($1 ?an to h _! city grac$ ) a mo/ beautiful /atue ( ,m9]va3 & yet1 not)/&+ ?is1 ,i w\ld mu* r h be5 a ,phidias1 ?an ! mo/ skilful jo9] 9 ,a!ns4 ,9 ! pres5t case1 !re=e1 we are n to consid] a man's usefulness1 b ! /r5g? ( 8 abilities2 especially z ! numb] ( pa9t]s & /atu>ies1 :o h excell$ 9 _! pr(ession1 is v small2 :]eas1 !re c nev] be any want ( jo9]s & me*anic lab\r]s4 ,b proce$1 my ,atticus1 ) ,caes>2 & oblige u ) ! rema9d] ( 8 "*4--,we see !n1 said he1 f :at has j be5 m5tion$1 t a pure & correct /yle is ! gr\ndwork1 & ! v basis & f\ndation1 ^u :i* an ,orator mu/ build 8 o!r accompli%m5ts3 ?\gh1 x is true1 t ^? :o _h hi!rto possess$ x1 d]iv$ x m f e>ly habit1 ?an f any pr9ciples ( art4 ,x is ne$less to ref] y to ! in/ances ( ,laelius & ,scipio2 = a purity ( language1 z well z ( mann]s1 0 ! *>act]i/ic ( ! age !y liv$ 94 ,x c\ld n1 inde$1 be appli$ to e "o2 = _! two cotempor>ies1 ,caecilius & ,pacuvius1 spoke v incorrectly3 b yet p 9 g5]al1 :o _h n resid$ out ( ! city1 nor be5 corrupt$ by any dome/ic b>b>isms1 spoke ! ,roman language ) purity4 ,"t1 h[ev]1 z well at ,rome z 9 ,greece1 soon alt]$ matt]s = ! worse3 = ?is city1 7z _h =m]ly be5 ! case at ,a!ns7 0 resort$ to by a cr[d ( adv5tur]s f diff]5t p>ts1 :o spoke v corruptly2 :i* %ews ! necessity ( re=m+ our language1 & r$uc+ x to a c]ta9 /&>d1 :i* %all n be liable to v>y l ! caprici\s laws ( cu/om4 ,?\gh we 7 !n v "y1 we c easily rememb] ,t4 ,flam9ius1 :o 0 jo9t-consul ) ,q4 ,metellus3 he 0 suppos$ to speak 8 native language ) correctness1 b 0 a man ( no ,lit]ature4 ,z to ,catulus1 he 0 f> inde$ f be+ de/itute ( le>n+1 z y h already obs]v$3 b 8 reput$ purity ( diction 0 *iefly ow+ to ! sweetness ( 8 voice1 & ! delicacy ( 8 acc5t4 ,cotta1 :o1 by 8 broad pronunciation1 ?rew (f all resemblance ( ! elegant tone ( ! ,greeks1 & affect$ a h>% & ru/ic utt]ance1 q opposite to t ( ,catulus1 acquir$ ! same reputation ( correctness by pursu+ a wild & unfrequ5t$ pa?4 ,b ,sis5na1 :o _h ! ambition to ?9k ( re=m+ our phraseology1 c\ld n be la%$ out ( 8 :imsical & new-fangl$ turns ( expression1 by all ! raill]y ( ,c4 ,rufius4--,:at d y ref] to8 said ,brutus2 & :o 0 ! ,caius ,rufius y are speak+ (8--,he 0 a not$ prosecutor1 repli$ he1 "s ye>s ago4 ,:5 ?is man _h support$ an indictm5t aga9/ "o ,*ri/ilius1 ,sis5na1 :o 0 c\nsel = ! def5dant1 told him1 t sev]al p>ts ( 8 accusation 7 absolutely spitatical4 ,footnote3 ,9 ! orig9al sputatilica1 wor?y to be spit ^u4 ,x appe>s1 f ! connection1 to h be5 a v unclassical ^w1 :imsically d]iv$ by ! au?or ( x f sputa1 spittle4 ,my ,lords1 cri$ ,rufius to ! judges1 ,i %all be cruelly ov]-rea*$1 unless y give me y\r assi/ance4 ,8 *>ge ov]p[]s my compreh5sion2 & ,i am afraid he has "s unfair design ^u me4 ,:at1 9 ! "n ( ,heav51 c be int5d by ,,spitatical8 ,i "k ! mean+ ( ,,spit1 or ,,spittle2 b ?is horrid ,,atical1 at ! end ( x1 absolutely puzzles me4 ,! :ole ,b5* laugh$ v he>tily at ! s+ul> oddity ( ! expression3 my old fri5d1 h[ev]1 0 /ill ( op9ion1 t to speak correctly1 0 to speak diff]5tly f o!r p4 ,b ,caes>1 :o 0 guid$ by ! pr9ciples ( art1 has correct$ ! imp]fections ( a vici\s cu/om1 by adopt+ ! rules & improvem5ts ( a good "o1 z he f\nd !m occasionally display$ 9 ! c\rse ( polite conv]sation4 ,accord+ly1 to ! pure/ elegance ( expression1 7:i* is equally necess>y to e well-br$ ,citiz51 z to an ,orator7 he has add$ all ! v>i\s ornam5ts ( ,elocution2 s t he seems to exhibit ! f9e/ pa9t+ 9 ! mo/ advantage\s po9t ( view4 ,z he has su* extraord9>y m]it ev5 9 ! common run ( 8 language1 ,i mu/ confess t !re is no p]son ,i "k (1 to :om he %\ld yield ! pref]5ce4 ,besides1 8 mann] ( speak+1 bo? z to 8 voice & ge/ure1 is spl5did & noble1 )\t ! lea/ appe>ance ( artifice or affectation3 & !re is a dignity 9 8 v pres5ce1 :i* bespeaks a great & elevat$ m9d4--,inde$1 said ,brutus1 8 ,orations please me highly2 = ,i h _h ! satisfaction to read sev]al ( !m4 ,he has likewise wrote "s comm5t>ies1 or %ort memoirs1 ( 8 own transactions2--& su*1 said ,i1 z m]it ! highe/ approbation3 = !y are pla91 correct1 & graceful1 & dive/$ ( all ! ornam5ts ( language1 s z to appe> 7if ,i may be all[$ ! expression7 9 a k9d ( undress4 ,b :ile he pret5d$ only to furni% ! loose mat]ials1 = su* z might be incl9$ to compose a regul> hi/ory1 he may1 p]haps1 h gratifi$ ! vanity ( a few lit]>y ,frisseurs3 b he has c]ta9ly prev5t$ all s5sible m5 f attempt+ any improvem5t on 8 plan4 ,= 9 hi/ory1 no?+ is m pleas+ ?an a correct & elegant brevity ( expression4 ,) y\r leave1 h[ev]1 x is high "t to return to ^? ,orators :o h quitt$ ! /age ( life4 ,c4 ,sic9ius !n1 :o 0 a gr&son ( ! ,c5sor ,q4 ,pompey1 by "o ( 8 daught]s1 di$ aft] 8 advancem5t to ! ,quae/or%ip4 ,he 0 a ,speak] ( "s m]it & reputation1 :i* he d]iv$ f ! sy/em ( ,h]magoras2 :o1 ?\gh he furni%$ b little assi/ance = acquir+ an ornam5tal /yle1 gave _m useful precepts to exp$ite & improve ! inv5tion ( an ,orator4 ,= 9 ?is ,sy/em we h a collection ( fix$ & det]m9ate rules = public speak+2 :i* are deliv]$ inde$ )\t any %ew or p>ade1 7&1 ,i might h add$1 9 a trivial & homely =m7 b yet are s pla9 & me?odical1 t x is almo/ impossible to mi/ake ! road4 ,by keep+ close to ^!1 & always dige/+ 8 subject be=e he v5tur$ to speak ^u x1 7to :i* we may add1 t he _h a tol]able flu5cy ( expression7 he s f> succe$$1 )\t any o!r assi/ance1 z to be rank$ among ! plead]s ( ! day4--,z to ,c4 ,visellius ,v>ro1 :o 0 my c\s91 & a cotempor>y ( ,sic9ius1 he 0 a man ( great le>n+4 ,he di$ :ile he 0 a memb] ( ! ,c\rt ( ,inque/s1 into :i* he _h be5 admitt$ aft] ! expiration ( 8 ,a$ile%ip4 ,! public1 ,i confess1 _h n ! same op9ion ( 8 abilities t ,i h2 = he nev] pass$ z a man ( ,/]l+ ,eloqu5ce among ! p4 ,8 /yle 0 excessively quick & rapid1 & consequ5tly obscure2 =1 9 fact1 x 0 emb>rass$ & bl9d$ by ! cel]ity ( its c\rse3 & yet1 aft] all1 y w sc>cely f9d a man :o _h a bett] *oice ( words1 or a ri*] ve9 ( s5tim5t4 ,he _h besides a complete fund ( polite lit]ature1 & a ?or\gh k ( ! pr9ciples ( jurisprud5ce1 :i* he le>n$ f 8 fa!r ,aculeo4 ,to proce$ 9 our acc\nt ( ! dead1 ! next t pres5ts himself is ,l4 ,torquatus1 :om y w n s readily pron\nce a connoisseur 9 ! ,art ( ,speak+ 7?\gh he 0 by no means de/itute ( elocution7 z1 :at is call$ by ! ,greeks1 a political ,adept4 ,he _h a pl5tiful /ock ( le>n+1 n inde$ ( ! common sort1 b ( a m ab/ruse & curi\s nature3 he _h likewise an admirable memory1 & a v s5sible & elegant turn ( expression2 all :i* qualities d]iv$ an additional grace f ! dignity ( 8 deportm5t1 & ! integrity ( 8 mann]s4 ,i 0 also highly pleas$ ) ! /yle ( 8 cotempor>y ,tri>ius1 :i* express$ to p]fection1 ! "* ( a wor?y old g5tleman1 :o _h be5 ?or\ghly poli%$ by ! ref9em5ts ( ,lit]ature4--,:at a v5]able sev]ity 0 !re 9 8 look6 ,:at =cible solemnity 9 8 language6 & h[ ?\ghtful & delib]ate e ^w he spoke6--,at ! m5tion ( ,torquatus & ,tri>ius1 = ea* ( :om he _h ! mo/ affectionate v5]ation1--,x fills my he>t ) angui%1 said ,brutus1 7to omit a ?\s& o!r circum/ances7 :5 ,i reflect1 z ,i _c help do+1 on y\r m5tion+ ! names ( ^! wor?y m51 t y\r long-respect$ au?ority 0 insuffici5t to procure an accommodation ( our diff]5ces4 ,! ,republic w\ld n o!rwise h be5 depriv$ ( ^!1 & _m o!r excell5t ,citiz5s4--,n a ^w m1 said ,i1 on ?is melan*oly subject1 :i* c only aggravate our sorr[3 = z ! remembrance ( :at is already pa/ is pa9ful en\gh1 ! prospect ( :at is yet to come is /ill m cutt+4 ,let u1 !re=e1 drop our unavail+ compla9ts1 & 7agreeably to our plan7 conf9e our att5tion to ! =5sic m]its ( our deceas$ fri5ds4 ,among ^?1 !n1 :o lo/ _! lives 9 ?is unhappy w>1 0 ,m4 ,bibulus1 :o1 ?\gh n a pr(ess$ orator1 0 a v accurate writ]1 & a solid & exp]i5c$ advocate3 & ,appius ,claudius1 y\r fa!r-9-law1 & my colleague & intimate acqua9tance1 :o 0 n only a h>d /ud5t1 & a man ( le>n+1 b a practis$ ,orator1 a skilful ,auguri/ & ,civilian1 & a ?or\gh ,adept 9 ! ,roman ,hi/ory4--,z to ,l4 ,domitius1 he 0 totally unacqua9t$ ) any rules ( art2 b he spoke 8 native language ) purity1 & _h a great fre$om ( address4 ,we _h likewise ! two ,l5tuli1 m5 ( consul> dignity2 "o ( :om1 7,i mean ,publius7 ! av5g] ( my wrongs1 & ! au?or ( my re/oration1 d]iv$ all 8 p[]s & accompli%m5ts f ! assi/ance ( ,art1 & n f ! b\nty ( ,nature3 b he _h su* a great & noble disposition1 t he claim$ all ! hon\rs ( ! mo/ illu/ri\s ,citiz5s1 & support$ !m ) ! utmo/ dignity ( "*4--,! o!r 7,l4 ,l5tulus7 0 an animat$ ,speak]1 = x w\ld be say+ too mu*1 p]haps1 to call him an ,orator-- b1 unhappily1 he _h an utt] av]sion to ! tr\ble ( ?9k+4 ,8 voice 0 sonor\s2 & 8 language1 ?\gh n absolutely h>% & =bidd+1 0 w>m & rigor\s1 & c>ri$ 9 x a k9d ( t]ror4 ,9 a judicial trial1 y w\ld probably h wi%$ = a m agreeable & a ke5] advocate3 b 9 a debate on matt]s ( gov]nm5t1 y w\ld h ?\ght 8 abilities suffici5t4--,ev5 ,titus ,po/umius _h su* p[]s ( utt]ance1 z 7 n to be despis$3 b 9 political matt]s1 he spoke ) ! same unbridl$ ard\r he f\ght )3 9 %ort1 he 0 mu* too w>m2 ?\gh x mu/ be own$ he possess$ an ext5sive k ( ! laws & con/itution ( 8 c\ntry4--,^u my ^w1 cri$ ,atticus1 if ! p]sons y h m5tion$ 7 /ill liv+1 ,i %\ld be apt to imag9e1 t y 0 endeav\r+ to solicit _! fav\r4 ,= y introduce e body :o _h ! c\rage to /& up & speak 8 m9d3 s t ,i almo/ beg9 to wond] h[ ,m4 ,s]vilius has escap$ y\r notice4--,i am1 inde$1 v s5sible1 repli$ ,i1 t !re h be5 _m :o nev] spoke 9 public1 t 7 mu* bett] qualifi$ = ! talk1 ?an ^? ,orators ,i h tak5 ! pa9s to enum]ate3 ,footnote3 ,?is 0 probably int5d$ z an indirect ,complim5t to ,atticus4 b ,i h1 at lea/1 answ]$ "o purpose by x1 :i* is to %ew y1 t 9 ?is popul\s ,city1 we h n _h v _m :o _h ! resolution to speak at all2 & t ev5 among ^!1 !re h be5 few :o 7 entitl$ to our applause4 ,i _c1 !re=e1 neglect to take "s notice ( ^? wor?y knights1 & my intimate fri5ds1 v lately deceas$1 ,p4 ,comm9ius ,spolet9us1 aga9/ :om ,i plead$ 9 def5ce ( ,c4 ,cornelius1 & :o 0 a me?odical1 a spirit$1 & a ready ,speak]2 & ,t4 ,accius1 ( ,pisaurum1 to :om ,i repli$ 9 behalf ( ,a4 ,clu5tius1 & :o 0 an accurate1 & a tol]ably copi\s ,advocate3 he 0 also well in/ruct$ 9 ! precepts ( ,h]magoras1 :i*1 ?\gh ( little s]vice to embelli% & enri* our ,elocution1 furni% a v>iety ( argum5ts1 :i*1 l ! weapons ( ! light infantry1 may be readily manag$1 & are adapt$ to e subject ( debate4 ,i mu/ add1 t ,i nev] knew a man ( great] indu/ry & application4 ,z to ,c4 ,piso1 my son-9-law1 x is sc>cely possible to m5tion any "o :o 0 bless$ ) a f9] capacity4 ,he 0 con/antly employ$ ei!r 9 public speak+1 & private declamatory ex]cises1 or1 at lea/1 9 writ+ & ?9k+3 &1 consequ5tly1 he made su* a rapid progress1 t he r seem$ to fly ?an to run4 ,he _h an elegant *oice ( expression1 & ! /ructure ( 8 p]iods 0 p]fectly neat & h>moni\s2 he _h an a/oni%+ v>iety & /r5g? ( argum5t1 & a lively & agreeable turn ( s5tim5t3 & 8 ge/ure 0 naturally s graceful1 t x appe>$ to h be5 =m$ 7:i* x really 0 n7 by ! nice/ rules ( art4 ,i am r fe>ful1 inde$1 t ,i %\ld be ?\ght to h be5 prompt$ by my affection = him to h giv5 him a great] "* ?an he des]v$3 b ?is is s f> f be+ ! case1 t ,i might ju/ly h ascrib$ to him _m qualities ( a diff]5t & m valuable nature3 = 9 cont95ce1 social piety1 & e o!r k9d ( virtue1 !re 0 sc>cely any ( 8 cotempor>ies :o 0 wor?y to be comp>$ ) him4--,m4 ,caelius too mu/ n pass unnotic$1 not)/&+ ! unhappy *ange1 ei!r ( 8 =tune or disposition1 :i* m>k$ ! latt] "p ( 8 life4 ,z long z he 0 direct$ by my influ5ce1 he behav$ himself s well z a ,tribune ( ! p1 t no man support$ ! int]e/s ( ! ,s5ate1 & ( all ! good & virtu\s1 9 opposition to ! facti\s & unruly madness ( a set ( ab&on$ citiz5s1 ) m firmness ?an he did3 a "p 9 :i* he 0 enabl$ to ex]t himself to great advantage1 by ! =ce & dignity ( 8 language1 & 8 lively hum\r1 & g5teel address4 ,he spoke sev]al h>angues 9 a v s5sible /yle1 & ?ree spirit$ invectives1 :i* orig9at$ f our political disputes3 & 8 def5sive spee*es1 ?\gh n equal to ! =m]1 7 yet tol]ably good1 & _h a degree ( m]it :i* 0 f> f be+ contemptible4 ,aft] he _h be5 advanc$ to ! ,a$ile%ip1 by ! he>ty approbation ( all ! bett] sort ( citiz5s1 z he _h lo/ my company 7= ,i 0 !n abroad 9 ,cilicia7 he likewise lo/ himself2 & entirely sunk 8 cr$it1 by imitat+ ! conduct ( ^? v m51 :om he _h be=e s successfully oppos$4--,b ,m4 ,calidius has a m p>ticul> claim to our notice = ! s+ul>ity ( 8 "*2 :i* _c s prop]ly be said to h entitl$ him to a place among our o!r ,orators1 z to di/+ui% him f ! :ole frat]nity2 = 9 him we beheld ! mo/ uncommon1 & ! mo/ delicate s5tim5ts1 array$ 9 ! s(te/ & f9e/ language imag9able4 ,no?+ c\ld be s easy z ! turn & compass ( 8 p]iods2 no?+ s ductile2 no?+ m pliable & obsequi\s to 8 w1 s t he _h a great] comm& ( x ?an any ,orator :atev]4 ,9 %ort1 ! fl[ ( 8 language 0 s pure & limpid1 t no?+ c\ld be cle>]2 & s free1 t x 0 nev] clogg$ or ob/ruct$4 ,e ^w 0 exactly 9 ! place :]e x %\ld be1 & dispos$ 7z ,lucilius expresses x7 ) z mu* nicety z 9 a curi\s piece ( ,mosaic-"w4 ,we may add1 t he _h n a s+le expression :i* 0 ei!r h>%1 unnatural1 abject1 or f>-fet*$2 & yet he 0 s f> f conf9+ himself to ! pla9 & ord9>y mode ( speak+1 t he ab\nd$ greatly 9 ! metaphor1--b su* metaphors z did n appe> to usurp a po/ t belong$ to ano!r1 b only to occupy _! own4 ,^! delicacies 7 display$ n 9 a loose & disflu5t /yle2 b 9 su* a "o z 0 /rictly num]\s1 )\t ei!r appe>+ to be s1 or runn+ on ) a dull uni=mity ( s\nd4 ,he 0 likewise ma/] ( ! v>i\s ornam5ts ( language & s5tim5t :i* ! ,greeks call figures1 :]eby he enliv5$ & embelli%$ 8 /yle z ) s _m =5sic decorations4 ,we may add t he readily discov]$1 ^u all occasions1 :at 0 ! real po9t ( debate1 & :]e ! /ress ( ! argum5t lay2 & t 8 me?od ( rang+ 8 ideas 0 extremely artful1 8 action g5teel1 & 8 :ole mann] v engag+ & v s5sible4 ,9 %ort1 if to speak agreeably is ! *ief m]it ( an ,orator1 y w f9d no "o :o 0 bett] qualifi$ ?an ,calidius4 ,b z we h obs]v$ a little be=e1 t x is ! bus9ess ( an ,orator to in/ruct1 to please1 & to move ! passions2 he 01 inde$1 p]fectly ma/] ( ! two fir/2 = no "o c\ld bett] elucidate 8 subject1 or *>m ! att5tion ( 8 audi5ce4 ,b z to ! ?ird qualification1--! mov+ & al>m+ ! passions1--:i* is ( mu* great] efficacy ?an ! two =m]1 he 0 :olly de/itute ( x4 ,he _h no =ce1--no ex]tion2--ei!r by 8 own *oice1 & f an op9ion t ^? :o _h a l(ti] turn ( expression1 & a m w>m & spirit$ action1 7 little bet!r ?an madm52 or because x 0 contr>y to 8 natural temp]1 & habitual practice2 or1 la/ly1 because x 0 beyond ! /r5g? ( 8 abilities4 ,if1 inde$1 x is a useless quality1 8 want ( x 0 a real excell5ce3 b if o!rwise1 x 0 c]ta9ly a defect4 ,i p>ticul>ly rememb]1 t :5 he prosecut$ ,q4 ,gallius = an attempt to poison him1 & pret5d$ t he _h ! pla9e/ pro(s ( x1 & c\ld produce _m lett]s1 witnesses1 in=mations1 & o!r evid5ces to put ! tru? ( 8 *>ge beyond a d\bt1 int]sp]s+ _m s5sible & +5i\s rem>ks on ! nature ( ! crime2--,i rememb]1 ,i say1 t :5 x came to my turn to reply to him1 aft] urg+ e argum5t :i* ! case itself sugge/$1 ,i insi/$ ^u x z a mat]ial circum/ance 9 fav\r ( my cli5t1 t ! prosecutor1 :ile he *>g$ him ) a design aga9/ 8 life1 & assur$ u t he _h ! mo/ indubitable pro(s ( x !n 9 8 h&s1 relat$ 8 /ory ) z mu* ease1 & z mu* calmness1 & indiff]5ce1 z if no?+ _h happ5$4--,w\ld x h be5 possible1 said ,i1 7address+ myself to ,calidius7 t y %\ld speak ) ?is air ( unconc]n1 unless ! *>ge 0 purely an inv5tion ( y\r own8 &1 above all1 t y1 ^: ,eloqu5ce has (t5 v9dicat$ ! wrongs ( o!r p ) s mu* _s1 %\ld speak s coolly ( a crime :i* ?reat5$ y\r life8 ,:]e 0 t expression ( res5tm5t :i* is s natural to ! injur$8 ,:]e t ard\r1 t eag]ness1 :i* extorts ! mo/ pa!tic language ev5 f m5 ( ! dulle/ capacities8 ,!re 0 no visible disord] 9 y\r m9d1 no emotion 9 y\r looks & ge/ure1 no smit+ ( ! ?igh or ! =ehead1 nor ev5 a s+le /amp ( ! foot4 ,y 01 !re=e1 s f> f int]e/+ our passions 9 y\r fav\r1 t we c\ld sc>cely keep our eyes op51 :ile y 0 relat+ ! dang]s y _h s n>r[ly escap$4 ,?us we employ$ ! natural defect1 or if y please1 ! s5sible calmness ( an excell5t ,orator1 z an argum5t to invalidate 8 *>ge4--,b is x possible to d\bt1 cri$ ,brutus1 :e!r ?is 0 a s5sible quality1 or a defect8 ,= z ! greate/ m]it ( an ,orator is to be able to inflame ! passions1 & give !m su* a biass z %all be/ answ] 8 purpose2 he :o is de/itute ( ?is mu/ c]ta9ly be defici5t 9 ! mo/ capital "p ( 8 pr(ession4--,i am ( ! same op9ion1 said ,i2 b let u n[ proce$ to him 7,hort5sius7 :o is ! only rema9+ ,orator wor? notic+2 aft] :i*1 z y may seem to insi/ ^u x1 ,i %all say some?+ ( myself4 ,i mu/ fir/1 h[ev]1 d ju/ice to ! memory ( two promis+ y\?s1 :o1 if !y _h liv$ to a rip] age1 w\ld h acquir$ ! highe/ reputation = _! ,eloqu5ce4--,y mean1 ,i suppose1 said ,brutus1 ,c4 ,curio1 & ,c4 ,lic9ius ,calvus4--,! v same1 repli$ ,i4 ,"o ( !m1 besides 8 plausible mann]1 _h su* an easy & voluble fl[ ( expression1 & su* an inexhau/ible v>iety1 & sometimes accuracy ( s5tim5t1 t he 0 "o ( ! mo/ ready & ornam5tal speak]s ( 8 "t4 ,?\gh he _h receiv$ b little in/ruction f ! pr(ess$ ma/]s ( ! art1 ,nature _h furni%$ him ) an admirable capacity ( ! practice ( x4 ,i nev]1 inde$1 discov]$ 9 him any great degree ( application2 b he 0 c]ta9ly v ambiti\s to di/+ui% himself2 & if he _h cont9u$ to li/5 to my advice1 z he _h begun to d1 he w\ld h pref]r$ ! acquisition ( real hon\r to t ( untimely gr&eur4-- ,:at d y mean1 said ,brutus8 ,or 9 :at mann] are ^! two objects to be di/+ui%$8--,i di/+ui% !m ?us1 repli$ ,i3 ,z hon\r is ! rew>d ( virtue1 conf]r$ ^u a man by ! *oice & affection ( 8 fell[-citiz5s1 he :o obta9s x by _! free votes & suffrages is to be consid]$1 9 my op9ion1 z an hon\rable memb] ( ! community4 ,b he :o acquires 8 p[] & au?ority by tak+ advantage ( e unhappy incid5t1 & )\t ! cons5t ( 8 fell[-citiz5s1 z ,curio aim$ to d1 acquires only ! "n ( hon\r1 )\t ! sub/ance4 ,:]eas1 if he _h he>k5$ to me1 he w\ld h ris5 to ! highe/ dignity1 9 an hon\rable mann]1 & ) ! he>ty approbation ( all m51 by a gradual advancem5t to public (fices1 z 8 fa!r & _m o!r em95t citiz5s _h done be=e4 ,i (t5 gave ! same advice to ,p4 ,crassus1 ! son ( ,m>cus1 :o c\rt$ my fri5d%ip 9 ! e>ly "p ( 8 life2 & recomm5d$ x to him v w>mly1 to consid] t z ! true/ pa? to hon\r :i* _h be5 already m>k$ out to him by ! example ( 8 ance/ors4 ,= he _h be5 extremely well educat$1 & 0 p]fectly v]s$ 9 e bran* ( polite lit]ature3 he _h likewise a p5etrat+ g5ius1 & an elegant v>iety ( expression2 & appe>$ grave & s5t5ti\s )\t arrogance1 & mode/ & diffid5t )\t dejection4 ,b l _m o!r "y m5 he 0 c>ri$ away by ! tide ( ambition2 & aft] s]v+ a %ort "t ) reputation z a volunte]1 no?+ c\ld satisfy him b to try 8 =tune z a ,g5]al1--an employm5t :i* 0 conf9$ by ! wisdom ( our ance/ors to m5 :o _h arriv$ at a c]ta9 age1 & :o1 ev5 !n1 7 oblig$ to submit _! pret5sions to ! unc]ta9 issue ( a public decision4 ,?us1 by expos+ himself to a fatal cata/rophe1 :ile he 0 endeav\r+ to rival ! fame ( ,cyrus & ,alex&]1 :o liv$ to f9i% _! desp]ate c>e]1 he lo/ all resemblance ( ,l4 ,crassus1 & 8 o!r wor?y ,prog5itors4 ,b let u return to ,calvus :om we h j m5tion$1--an ,orator :o _h receiv$ m lit]>y improvem5ts ?an ,curio1 & _h a m accurate & delicate mann] ( speak+1 :i* he conduct$ ) great ta/e & elegance2 b1 7by be+ too m9ute & nice a critic ^u himself17 :ile he 0 lab\r+ to correct & ref9e 8 language1 he suff]$ all ! =ce & _s ( x to evaporate4 ,9 %ort1 x 0 s exquisitely poli%$1 z to *>m ! eye ( e skilful obs]v]2 b x 0 little notic$ by ! common p 9 a cr[d$ ,=um1 :i* is ! prop] !atre ( ,eloqu5ce4--,8 aim1 said ,brutus1 0 to be admir$ z an ,attic ,orator3 & to ?is we mu/ attribute t accurate exility ( /yle1 :i* he con/antly affect$4--,?is1 inde$1 0 8 pr(ess$ "*1 repli$ ,i3 b he 0 deceiv$ himself1 & l$ o!rs into ! same mi/ake4 ,x is true1 :oev] supposes t to speak 9 ! ,attic ta/e1 is to avoid e awkw>d1 e h>%1 e vici\s expression1 has1 9 ?is s5se1 an und\bt$ "r to refuse 8 approbation to e ?+ :i* is n /rictly ,attic4 ,= he mu/ naturally dete/ :atev] is insipid1 disgu/+1 or inv]nacul>2 :ile he consid]s a correctness & propriety ( language z ! religion1 & good-mann]s ( an ,orator3--& e "o :o pret5ds to speak 9 public %\ld adopt ! same op9ion4 ,b if he be/[s ! "n ( ,atticism on a half-/>v$1 a dry1 & a nigg>dly turn ( expression1 provid$ x is neat1 correct1 & g5teel1 ,i _c say1 inde$1 t he be/[s x improp]ly2 z ! ,attic ,orators1 h[ev]1 _h _m qualities ( a m important nature1 ,i w\ld advise him to be c>eful t he does n ov]look _! diff]5t k9ds & degrees ( m]it1 & _! great ext5t & v>iety ( "*4 ,! ,attic ,speak]s1 he w tell me1 are ! models ^u :i* he wi%es to =m 8 ,eloqu5ce4 ,b :i* ( !m does he mean to fix ^u8 = !y are n all ( ! same ca/4 ,:o1 = in/ance1 c\ld be m unlike ea* o!r ?an ,demo/h5es & ,lysias8 or ?an ,demo/h5es & ,hyp]ides8 ,or :o m diff]5t f ei!r ( !m1 ?an ,aes*9es8 ,:i* ( !m1 !n1 d y propose to imitate8 ,if only "o1 ?is w be a tacit implication1 t none ( ! re/ 7 true ma/]s ( ,atticism3 if all1 h[ c y possibly succe$1 :5 _! *>act]s are s opposite8 ,let me fur!r ask y1 :e!r ,demetrius ,phal]eus spoke 9 ! ,attic /yle8 ,9 my op9ion1 8 ,orations h ! v smell ( ,a!ns4 ,b he is c]ta9ly m florid ?an ei!r ,hyp]ides or ,lysias2 p>tly f ! natural turn ( 8 g5ius1 & p>tly by *oice4 ,!re 7 likewise two o!rs1 at ! "t we are speak+ (1 ^: *>act]s 7 equally dissimil>2 & yet bo? ( !m 7 truly ,attic4 ,! fir/ 7,*>isius7 0 ! au?or ( a numb] ( spee*es1 :i* he compos$ = 8 fri5ds1 pr(ess$ly 9 imitation ( ,lysias3--& ! o!r 7,demo*>es1 ! nephew ( ,demo/h5es7 wrote sev]al ,orations1 & a regul> ,hi/ory ( :at 0 transact$ 9 ,a!ns "u 8 own obs]vation2 n s mu*1 inde$1 9 ! /yle ( an ,hi/orian1 z ( an ,orator4 ,hegesias took ! =m] = 8 model1 & _h s va9 a conceit ( 8 own ta/e = ,atticism1 t he consid]$ 8 pr$ecessors1 :o 7 really ma/]s ( x1 z m]e ru/ics 9 comp>ison ( himself4 ,b :at c be m insipid1 m frivol\s1 or m pu]ile1 ?an t v conc9nity ( expression :i* he actually acquir$8--,b /ill we wi% to resemble ! ,attic ,speak]s4--,d s1 by all means4 ,b 7 n ^?1 !n1 true ,attic ,speak]s1 we h j be5 m5tion+8--,nobody d5ies x2 & ^! are ! m5 we imitate4--,b h[8 :5 !y are s v diff]5t1 n only f ea* o!r1 b f all ! re/ ( _! contempor>ies8--,true2 b ,?ucydides is our lead+ patt]n4--,?is too ,i c all[1 if y design to compose hi/ories1 in/ead ( plead+ causes4 ,= ,?ucydides 0 bo? an exact1 & a /ately hi/orian3 b he nev] int5d$ to write models = conduct+ a judicial process4 ,i w ev5 g s f> z to add1 t ,i h (t5 comm5d$ ! spee*es :i* he has ins]t$ into 8 hi/ory 9 great numb]s2 ?\gh ,i mu/ frankly own1 t ,i nei!r c\ld imitate !m1 if ,i w\ld1 nor inde$ w\ld1 if ,i c\ld2 l a man :o w\ld nei!r *oose 8 w9e s new z to h be5 turn$ (f 9 ! prec$+ v9tage1 nor s excessively old z to date its age f ! consul%ip ( ,opimius or ,anicius4--,! latt]1 y'll say1 be>s ! highe/ price4 ,v probable2 b :5 x has too mu* age1 x has lo/ t delici\s flav\r :i* pleases ! palate1 &1 9 my op9ion1 is sc>cely tol]able4--,w\ld y *oose1 !n1 :5 y h a m9d to regale y\rself1 to apply to a fre%1 unrip5$ cask8 ,by no means2 b /ill !re is a c]ta9 age1 :5 good w9e arrives at its utmo/ p]fection4 ,9 ! same mann]1 ,i w\ld recomm5d nei!r a raw1 unmell[$ /yle1 :i*1 7if ,i may s express myself7 has be5 newly drawn (f f ! vat2 nor ! r\gh1 & antiquat$ language ( ! grave & manly ,?ucydides4 ,= ev5 he1 if he _h liv$ a few ye>s lat]1 w\ld h acquir$ a mu* s(t] & mell[] turn ( expression4--,let u1 !n1 imitate ,demo/h5es4--,good ,gods6 to :at else d ,i direct all my endeav\rs1 & my wi%es6 ,b x is1 p]haps1 my mis=tune n to succe$4 ,^! ,atticis]s1 h[ev]1 acquire ) ease ! paltry "* !y aim at2 n once recollect+ t x is n only record$ 9 hi/ory1 b mu/ h be5 ! natural consequ5ce ( 8 sup]ior fame1 t :5 ,demo/h5es 0 to speak 9 public1 all ,greece flock$ 9 cr[ds to he> him4 ,b :5 our ,attic g5try v5ture to speak1 !y are pres5tly des]t$ n only by ! little ?rong ar\nd !m :o h no int]e/ 9 ! dispute1 7:i* alone is a mortify+ pro( ( _! insignificance7 b ev5 by _! associates & fell[-advocates4 ,if to speak1 !re=e1 9 a dry & lifeless mann]1 is ! true crit]ion ( ,atticism1 !y are he>tily welcome to enjoy ! cr$it ( x3 b if !y wi% to put _! abilities to ! trial1 let !m att5d ! ,comitia1 or a judicial process ( real importance4 ,! op5 ,=um dem&s a full]1 & m elevat$ tone3 & he is ! ,orator = me1 :o is s univ]sally admir$ t :5 he is to plead an int]e/+ cause1 all ! b5*es are fill$ be=eh&1 ! tribunal cr[d$1 ! cl]ks & not>ies busy 9 adju/+ _! seats1 ! populace ?rong+ ab\t ! ro/ra1 & ! judge brisk1 & vigilant2--he1 :o has su* a comm&+ air1 t :5 he rises up to speak1 ! :ole audi5ce is hu%$ into a pr(\nd sil5ce1 :i* is soon int]rupt$ by _! repeat$ plaudits1 & acclamations1 or by ^? successive bur/s ( laught]1 or viol5t transports ( passion1 :i* he kn[s h[ to excite at 8 pleasure2 s t ev5 a di/ant obs]v]1 ?\gh unacqua9t$ ) ! subject he is speak+ ^u1 c easily discov] t 8 he>]s are pleas$ ) him1 & t a ,roscius is p]=m+ 8 "p on ! /age4 ,:oev] has ! happ9ess to be ?us foll[$ & applaud$ is1 beyond dispute1 an ,attic speak]3 = su* 0 ,p]icles1--su* 0 ,hyp]ides1 & ,aes*9es1--& su*1 9 ! mo/ em95t degree1 0 ! great ,demo/h5es6 ,if inde$1 ^! connoisseurs1 :o h s mu* dislike to e ?+ bold & ornam5tal1 only mean to say t an accurate1 a judici\s1 & a neat1 & compact1 b unembelli%$ /yle1 is really an ,attic "o1 !y are n mi/ak54 ,= 9 an art ( su* wond]ful ext5t & v>iety z t ( speak+1 ev5 ?is subtile & conf9$ "* may claim a place3 s t ! conclusion w be1 t x is v possible to speak 9 ! ,attic ta/e1 )\t des]v+ ! "n ( an ,orator2 b t all 9 g5]al :o are truly eloqu5t1 are likewise ,attic ,speak]s4--,x is "t1 h[ev]1 to return to ,hort5sius4-- ,inde$1 ,i ?9k s1 cri$ ,brutus3 ?\gh ,i mu/ ackn[l$ge t ?is long digression ( y\rs has ent]ta9$ me v agreeably4 ,b ,i made "s rem>ks1 said ,atticus1 :i* ,i _h sev]al times a m9d to m5tion2 only ,i 0 loa? to int]rupt y4 ,z y\r disc\rse1 h[ev]1 seems to be draw+ t[>ds an end1 ,i ?9k ,i may v5ture to out ) !m4--,by all means1 repli$ ,i4--,i readily grant1 !n1 said he1 t !re is some?+ v hum\r\s & elegant 9 t cont9u$ ,irony1 :i* ,socrates employs to s mu* advantage 9 ! dialogues ( ,plato1 ,x5ophon1 & ,aes*9es4 ,= :5 a dispute comm5ces on ! nature ( wisdom1 he pr(esses1 ) a great deal ( hum\r & +5uity1 to h no pret5sions to x himself2 :ile1 ) a k9d ( conceal$ raill]y1 he ascribes ! highe/ degree ( x to ^? :o _h ! arrogance to lay an op5 claim to x4 ,?us1 9 ,plato1 he extols ,protagoras1 ,hippias1 ,prodicus1 ,gorgias1 & sev]al o!rs1 to ! skies3 b repres5ts himself z a m]e ignorant4 ,?is 9 him 0 peculi>ly becom+2 nor c ,i agree ) ,epicurus1 :o ?9ks x c5surable4 ,b 9 a pr(ess$ ,hi/ory1 7= su*1 9 fact1 is ! acc\nt y h be5 giv+ u ( ! ,roman ,orators7 ,i %all leave y to judge1 :e!r an application ( ! ,irony is n equally repreh5sible1 z x w\ld be 9 giv+ a judicial evid5ce4--,pray1 :at are y driv+ at1 said ,i1-- = ,i _c compreh5d y4--,i mean1 repli$ he1 9 ! fir/ place1 t ! comm5dations :i* y h be/[$ ^u "s ( our ,orators1 h a t5d5cy to mislead ! op9ion ( ^? :o are unacqua9t$ ) _! true *>act]s4 ,!re 7 likewise sev]al p>ts ( y\r acc\nt1 at :i* ,i c\ld sc>cely =be> laugh+3 z1 = in/ance1 :5 y comp>$ old ,cato to ,lysias4 ,he 01 inde$1 a great1 & a v extraord9>y man4 ,nobody1 ,i believe1 w say to ! contr>y4 ,b %all we call him an ,orator8 ,%all we pron\nce him ! rival ( ,lysias1 :o 0 ! mo/ f9i%$ "* ( ! k9d8 ,if we mean to je/1 ?is comp>ison ( y\r's w\ld =m a pretty ,irony3 b if we are talk+ 9 real e>ne/1 we %\ld pay ! same scrupul\s reg>d to tru?1 z if we 7 giv+ evid5ce ^u oa?4 ,z a ,citiz51 a ,s5ator1 a ,g5]al1 &1 9 %ort1 a man :o 0 di/+ui%$ by 8 prud5ce1 8 activity1 & e o!r virtue1 y\r fav\rite ,cato has my highe/ approbation4 ,i c likewise applaud 8 spee*es1 consid]+ ! "t he liv$ 94 ,!y exhibit ! out-l9es ( a great g5ius2 b su*1 h[ev]1 z are evid5tly rude & imp]fect4 ,9 ! same mann]1 :5 y repres5t$ 8 ,antiquities z replete ) all ! graces ( ,oratory1 & comp>$ ,cato ) ,phili/us & ,?ucydides1 did y really imag9e1 t y c\ld p]suade me & ,brutus to believe y8 or w\ld y s]i\sly degrade ^?1 :om none ( ! ,greeks !mselves h be5 able to equal1 into a comp>ison ) a /iff c\ntry1 g5tleman1 :o sc>cely suspect$ t !re 0 any su* ?+ 9 be+1 z a copi\s & ornam5tal /yle8 ,y h likewise said mu* 9 comm5dation ( ,galba2--if z ! be/ ,speak] ( 8 age1 ,i c s f> agree ) y1 = su* 0 ! "* he bore3--b if y meant to recomm5d him z an ,orator1 produce 8 ,orations 7= !y are /ill extant7 & !n tell me hone/ly1 :e!r y w\ld wi% y\r fri5d ,brutus "h to speak z he8 ,lepidus too 0 ! au?or ( sev]al ,spee*es1 :i* h receiv$ y\r approbation2 9 :i* ,i c p>tly jo9 ) y1 if y consid] !m only z specim5s ( our anci5t ,eloqu5ce4 ,! same might be said ( ,africanus & ,laelius1 ?an ^: language 7y tell u7 no?+ 9 ! _w c be sweet]3 nay1 y h m5tion$ x ) a k9d ( v5]ation1 & endeav\r$ to dazzle our judgm5t by ! great "* !y bore1 & ! uncommon elegance ( _! mann]s4 ,dive/ x ( ^! adv5titi\s ,graces1 & ?is sweet language ( !irs w appe> s homely1 z to be sc>cely wor? notic+4 ,c>bo too 0 m5tion$ z "o ( our capital ,orators2 & = ?is only reason1--t 9 speak+1 z 9 all o!r pr(essions1 :atev] is ! be/ ( its k9d1 = ! "t be+1 h[ defici5t soev] 9 reality1 is always admir$ & applaud$4 ,:at ,i h said ( ,c>bo1 is equally true ( ! ,grac*i3 ?\gh1 9 "s p>ticul>s1 ! "* y h giv5 !m 0 no m ?an !y des]v$4 ,b to say no?+ ( ! re/ ( y\r ,orators1 let u proce$ to ,antonius & ,crassus1 y\r two p>agons ( ,eloqu5ce1 :om ,i h he>d myself1 & :o 7 c]ta9ly v able ,speak]s4 ,to ! extraord9>y comm5dation y h be/[$ ^u !m1 ,i c readily give my ass5t2 b n1 h[ev]1 9 su* an unlimit$ mann] z to p]suade myself t y h receiv$ z mu* improvem5t f ! ,spee* 9 support ( ! ,s]vilian ,law1 z ,lysippus said he _h done by /udy+ ! fam\s ,footnote3 ,doryphorus4 ,a ,spe>- man4 /atue ( ,polycletus4 ,:at y h said on ?is occasion ,i consid] z an absolute ,irony3 b ,i %all n in=m y :y ,i ?9k s1 le/ y %\ld imag9e ,i design to flatt] y4 ,i %all !re=e pass ov] ! _m f9e encomiums y h be/[$ ^u ^!2 & :at y h said ( ,cotta & ,sulpicius1 & b v lately ( y\r pupil ,caelius4 ,i ackn[l$ge1 h[ev]1 t we may call !m ,orators3 b z to ! nature & ext5t ( _! m]it1 let y\r own judgm5t decide4 ,x is sc>cely wor? obs]v+1 t y h _h ! additional good-nature to cr[d s _m daub]s into y\r li/1 t !re are "s1 ,i believe1 :o w be ready to wi% !y _h di$ long ago1 t y might h _h an opportunity to ins]t _! names among ! re/4--,y h op5$ a wide field ( enquiry1 said ,i1 & />t$ a subject :i* des]ves a sep>ate discussion2 b we mu/ def] x to a m conv5i5t "t4 ,=1 to settle x1 a great v>iety ( au?ors mu/ be exam9$1 & especially ,cato3 :i* c\ld n fail to conv9ce y1 t no?+ 0 want+ to complete 8 pieces1 b ^? ri* & gl[+ col\rs :i* _h n !n be5 inv5t$4 ,z to ! above ,oration ( ,crassus1 he himself1 p]haps1 c\ld h writt5 bett]1 if he _h be5 will+ to take ! tr\ble2 b nobody else1 ,i believe1 c\ld h m5d$ x4 ,y h no reason1 !re=e1 to ?9k ,i spoke ironically1 :5 ,i m5tion$ x z ! guide & tutoress ( my ,eloqu5ce3 = ?\gh y seem to h a high] op9ion ( my capacity1 9 its pres5t /ate1 y mu/ rememb] t1 9 our y\?1 we c\ld f9d no?+ bett] to imitate among ! ,romans4 ,& z to my admitt+ s _m into my li/ ( ,orators1 ,i only did x 7z ,i h already obs]v$7 to %ew h[ few h succe$$ 9 a pr(ession1 9 :i* all 7 desir\s to excel4 ,i !re=e insi/ ^u x t y d n consid] me 9 ! pres5t case1 z an ,ironi/2 ?\gh we are in=m$ by ,c4 ,fannius1 9 8 ,hi/ory1 t ,africanus 0 a v excell5t "o4--,z y please ab\t t1 cri$ ,atticus3 ?\gh1 by ! bye1 ,i did n imag9e x w\ld h be5 any disgrace to y1 to be :at ,africanus & ,socrates h be5 be=e y4--,we may settle ?is ano!r "t1 int]rupt$ ,brutus3 b w y be s oblig+1 said he1 7address+ himself to me7 z to give u a critical analysis ( "s ( ! old spee*es y h m5tion$8--,v will+ly1 repli$ ,i2 b x mu/ be at ,cuma1 or ,tusculum1 :5 opportunity (f]s3 = we are ne> neighb\rs1 y "k1 9 bo? places4 ,at pres5t1 let u return to ,hort5sius1 f :om we h digress$ a second "t4 ,hort5sius1 !n1 :o began to speak 9 public :5 he 0 v "y1 0 soon employ$ ev5 9 causes ( ! greate/ mom5t3 & ?\gh he fir/ appe>$ 9 ! "t ( ,cotta & ,sulpicius1 7:o 7 only t5 ye>s old]7 & :5 ,crassus & ,antonius1 & aft]w>ds ,philip & ,julius1 7 9 ! height ( _! reputation1 he 0 ?\ght wor?y to be comp>$ ) ei!r ( !m 9 po9t ( ,eloqu5ce4 ,he _h su* an excell5t memory z ,i nev] knew 9 any p]son2 s t :at he _h compos$ 9 private1 he 0 able to repeat1 )\t notes1 9 ! v same words he _h made use ( at fir/4 ,he employ$ ?is natural advantage ) s mu* read9ess1 t he n only recollect$ :atev] he _h writt5 or prem$itat$ himself1 b rememb]$ e ?+ t _h be5 said by 8 oppon5ts1 )\t ! help ( a prompt]4 ,he 0 likewise inflam$ ) su* a passionate fondness = ! pr(ession1 t ,i nev] saw any "o1 :o took m pa9s to improve himself2 = he w\ld n suff] a day to elapse1 )\t ei!r speak+ 9 ! ,=um1 or compos+ some?+ at home2 & v (t5 he did bo? 9 ! same day4 ,he _h1 besides1 a turn ( expression :i* 0 v f> f be+ l[ & unelevat$2 & possess$ two o!r accompli%m5ts1 9 :i* no "o c\ld equal him1--an uncommon cle>ness & accuracy 9 /at+ ! po9ts he 0 to speak to2 & a neat & easy mann] ( collect+ ! sub/ance ( :at _h be5 said by 8 antagoni/1 & by himself4 ,he _h likewise an elegant *oice ( words1 an agreeable fl[ 9 8 p]iods1 & a copi\s ,elocution1 :i* he 0 p>tly indebt$ = to a f9e natural capacity1 & p>tly acquir$ by ! mo/ labori\s rhetorical ex]cises4 ,9 %ort1 he _h a mo/ ret5tive view ( 8 subject1 & always divid$ & p>cell$ x out ) ! greate/ exactness2 & he v seldom ov]look$ any ?+ :i* ! case c\ld sugge/1 t 0 prop] ei!r to support 8 own allegations1 or to refute ^? ( 8 oppon5t4 ,la/ly1 he _h a sweet & sonor\s voice2 & 8 ge/ure _h r m art 9 x1 & 0 m exactly manag$1 ?an is requisite to an ,orator4 ,:ile he 0 9 ! height ( 8 glory1 ,crassus di$1 ,cotta 0 bani%$1 our public trials 7 int]mitt$ by ! ,m>sic w>1 & ,i myself made my fir/ appe>ance 9 ! ,=um4 ,hort5sius jo9$ ! army1 & s]v$ ! fir/ campaign z a volunte]1 & ! second z a milit>y ,tribune3 ,sulpicius 0 made a lieut5ant g5]al2 & ,antonius 0 abs5t on a simil> acc\nt4 ,! only trial we _h1 0 t ^u ! ,v>ian ,law2 ! re/1 z ,i h j obs]v$1 hav+ be5 int]mitt$ by ! w>4 ,we _h sc>cely any body left at ! b> b ,l4 ,memmius1 & ,q4 ,pompeius1 :o spoke mo/ly on _! own affairs2 &1 ?\gh f> f be+ ,orators ( ! fir/ di/9ction1 7 yet tol]able ones1 7if we may cr$it ,philippus1 :o 0 himself a man ( "s ,eloqu5ce7 & 9 support+ an evid5ce1 display$ all ! poignancy ( a prosecutor1 ) a mod]ate fre$om ( ,elocution4 ,! re/1 :o 7 e/eem$ our capital ,speak]s1 7 !n 9 ! magi/racy1 & ,i _h ! b5efit ( he>+ _! h>angues almo/ e day4 ,c4 ,curio 0 *os5 a ,tribune ( ! p2 ?\gh he left (f speak+ aft] be+ once des]t$ by 8 :ole audi5ce4 ,to him ,i may add ,q4 ,metellus ,cel]1 :o1 ?\gh c]ta9ly no ,orator1 0 f> f be+ de/itute ( utt]ance3 b ,q4 ,v>ius1 ,c4 ,c>bo1 & ,cn4 ,pomponius1 7 m5 ( real ,elocution1 & might almo/ be said to h liv$ ^u ! ,ro/ra4 ,c4 ,julius too1 :o 0 !n a ,curule ,a$ile1 0 daily employ$ 9 mak+ ,spee*es to ! p1 :i* 7 compos$ ) great neatness & accuracy4 ,b :ile ,i att5d$ ! ,=um ) ?is eag] curiosity1 my fir/ disappo9tm5t 0 ! bani%m5t ( ,cotta3 aft] :i* ,i cont9u$ to he> ! re/ ) ! same assiduity z be=e2 & ?\gh ,i daily sp5t ! rema9d] ( my "t 9 read+1 writ+1 & private declamation1 ,i _c say t ,i mu* reli%$ my conf9em5t to ^! prep>atory ex]cises4 ,! next ye> ,q4 ,v>ius 0 condemn$1 & bani%$1 by 8 own law3 & ,i1 t ,i might acquire a compet5t k ( ! pr9ciples ( jurisprud5ce1 !n atta*$ myself to ,q4 ,scaevola1 ! son ( ,publius1 :o1 ?\gh he did n *oose to und]take ! *>ge ( a pupil1 yet by freely giv+ 8 advice to ^? :o consult$ him1 he answ]$ e purpose ( in/ruction to su* z took ! tr\ble to apply to him4 ,9 ! succe$+ ye>1 9 :i* ,sylla & ,pompey 7 ,consuls1 z ,sulpicius1 :o 0 elect$ a ,tribune ( ! p1 _h occasion to speak 9 public almo/ e day1 ,i _h an opportunity to acqua9t myself ?or\ghly ) 8 mann] ( speak+4 ,at ?is "t ,philo1 a philosoph] ( ! fir/ "n 9 ! ,academy1 ) _m ( ! pr9cipal ,a!nians1 hav+ des]t$ _! native home1 & fl$ to ,rome1 f ! fury ( ,mi?ridates1 ,i imm$iately became 8 s*ol>1 & 0 exce$+ly tak5 ) 8 philosophy2 &1 besides !1 pleasure ,i receiv$ f ! great v>iety & sublimity ( 8 matt]1 ,i 0 /ill m incl9$ to conf9e1 my att5tion to t /udy2 because !re 0 reason to appreh5d t our laws & judicial proce$+s w\ld be :olly ov]turn$ by ! cont9uance ( ! public disord]s4 ,9 ! same ye> ,sulpicius lo/ 8 life2 & ,q4 ,catulus1 ,m4 ,antonius1 & ,c4 ,julius1 ?ree ,orators1 :o 7 p>tly cotempor>y ) ea* o!r1 7 mo/ inhumanly put to dea?4 ,!n also ,i att5d$ ! lectures ( ,molo ! ,rhodian1 :o 0 newly come to ,rome1 & 0 bo? an excell5t ,plead]1 & an able ,tea*] ( ! ,art4 ,i h m5tion$ ^! p>ticul>s1 :i*1 p]haps1 may appe> =eign to our purpose1 t y1 my ,brutus1 7= ,atticus is already acqua9t$ ) !m7 may be able to m>k my progress1 & obs]ve h[ closely ,i trod ^u ! heels ( ,hort5sius4 ,! ?ree foll[+ ye>s ! city 0 free f ! tumult ( arms2 b ei!r by ! dea?1 ! volunt>y retirem5t1 or ! flight ( our able/ ,orators 7= ev5 ,m4 ,crassus1 & ! two ,l5tuli1 :o 7 !n 9 ! bloom ( y\?1 _h all left u7 ,hort5sius1 ( c\rse1 0 ! fir/ ,speak] 9 ! ,=um4 ,anti/ius too 0 daily ris+ into reputation1-- ,piso plead$ pretty (t51--,pomponius n s frequ5tly1--,c>bo v seldom1--& ,philippus only once or twice4 ,9 ! mean :ile ,i pursu$ my /udies ( e k9d1 day & night1 ) unremitt+ application4 ,i lodg$ & bo>d$ at my own h\se :]e he lately di$ ,diodotus ! ,/oic2 :om ,i employ$ z my preceptor 9 v>i\s o!r p>ts ( le>n+1 b p>ticul>ly 9 ,logic1 :i* may be consid]$ z a close & contract$ species ( ,eloqu5ce2 & )\t :i*1 y y\rself h decl>$ x impossible to acquire t full & p]fect ,eloqu5ce1 :i* !y suppose to be an op5 & dilat$ k9d ( ,logic4 ,yet ) all my att5tion to ,diodotus1 & ! v>i\s arts he 0 ma/] (1 ,i nev] suff]$ ev5 a s+le day to escape me1 )\t "s ex]cise ( ! oratorial k9d4 ,i con/antly declaim$ 9 private ) ,m4 ,piso1 ,q4 ,pompeius1 or "s o!r ( my acqua9tance2 pretty (t5 9 ,lat91 b mu* (t5] 9 ,greek2 because ! ,greek furni%es a great] v>iety ( ornam5ts1 & an opportunity ( imitat+ & introduc+ !m into ! ,lat92 & because ! ,greek ma/]s1 :o 7 f> ! be/1 c\ld n correct & improve u1 unless we declaim$ 9 t language4 ,?is "t 0 di/+ui%$ by a viol5t /ruggle to re/ore ! lib]ty ( ! ,republic3--! b>b>\s slaught] ( ! ?ree ,orators1 ,scaevola1 ,c>bo1 & ,anti/ius2--! return ( ,cotta1 ,curio1 ,crassus1 ,pompey1 & ! ,l5tuli2--! re-e/abli%m5t ( ! laws & c\rts ( judicature2--& ! intire re/oration ( ! ,commonweal?3 b we lo/ ,pomponius1 ,c5sor9us1 & ,mur5a1 f ! roll ( ,orators4 ,i n[ began1 = ! fir/ "t1 to und]take ! managem5t ( causes1 bo? private & public2 n1 z mo/ did1 ) a view to le>n my pr(ession1 b to make a trial ( ! abilities :i* ,i _h tak5 s mu* pa9s to acquire4 ,i _h !n a second opportunity ( att5d+ ! in/ructions ( ,molo2 :o came to ,rome1 :ile ,sylla 0 ,dictator1 to sollicit ! paym5t ( :at 0 due to 8 c\ntrym51 = _! s]vices 9 ! ,mi?ridatic w>4 ,my def5ce ( ,sext4 ,roscius1 :i* 0 ! fir/ cause ,i plead$1 met ) su* a fav\rable reception1 t1 f t mom5t1 ,i 0 look$ ^u z an advocate ( ! fir/ class1 & equal to ! greate/ & mo/ important causes3 & aft] ?is ,i plead$ _m o!rs1 :i* ,i pre-compos$ ) all ! c>e & accuracy ,i 0 ma/] (4 ,b z y seem desir\s n s mu* to be acqua9t$ ) any incid5tal m>ks ( my "*1 or ! fir/ sallies ( my y\?1 z to "k me ?or\ghly1 ,i %all m5tion "s p>ticul>s1 :i* o!rwise might h seem$ unnecess>y4 ,at ?is "t my body 0 exce$+ly weak & emaciat$2 my neck long1 & sl5d]2 a %ape & habit1 :i* ,i ?\ght to be liable to great risk ( life1 if engag$ 9 any viol5t fatigue1 or lab\r ( ! lungs4 ,& x gave ! great] al>m to ^? :o _h a reg>d = me1 t ,i us$ to speak )\t any remission or v>iation1 ) ! utmo/ /ret* ( my voice1 & a total agitation ( my body4 ,:5 my fri5ds1 !re=e1 & physicians1 advis$ me to m$dle no m ) =5sic causes1 ,i resolv$ to run any haz>d1 r ?an quit ! hopes ( glory1 :i* ,i _h propos$ to myself f plead+3 b :5 ,i consid]$1 t by manag+ my voice1 & *ang+ my way ( speak+1 ,i might bo? avoid all future dang] ( t k9d1 & speak ) great] ease1 ,i took a resolution ( travell+ into ,asia1 m]ely = an opportunity to correct my mann] ( speak+4 ,s t aft] ,i _h be5 two ye>s at ! ,b>1 & acquir$ "s reputation 9 ! ,=um1 ,i left ,rome4 ,:5 ,i came to ,a!ns1 ,i sp5t six mon?s ) ,antio*us1 ! pr9cipal & mo/ judici\s ,philosoph] ( ! old ,academy2 & "u ?is able ma/]1 ,i r5ew$ ^? philosophical /udies :i* ,i _h labori\sly cultivat$ & improv$ f my e>lie/ y\?4 ,at ! same "t1 h[ev]1 ,i cont9u$ my rhetorical ,ex]cises "u ,demetrius ! ,syrian1 an exp]i5c$ & reputable ma/] ( ! ,art ( ,speak+4 ,aft] leav+ ,a!ns1 ,i trav]s$ e "p ( ,asia1 :]e ,i 0 volunt>ily att5d$ by ! pr9cipal ,orators ( ! c\ntry ) :om ,i r5ew$ my rhetorical ,ex]cises4 ,! *ief ( !m 0 ,m5ippus ( ,/ratonica1 ! mo/ eloqu5t ( all ! ,asiatics3 & if to be nei!r t$i\s nor imp]t95t is ! *>act]i/ic ( an ,attic ,orator1 he may be ju/ly rank$ 9 t class4 ,dionysius also ( ,magnesia1 ,aes*ilus ( ,cnidos1 & ,x5ocles ( ,adramyttus1 :o 7 e/eem$ ! fir/ ,rhetoricians ( ,asia1 7 cont9ually ) me4 ,n cont5t$ ) ^!1 ,i w5t to ,rhodes1 & appli$ myself aga9 to ,molo1 :om ,i _h he>d be=e at ,rome2 & :o 0 bo? an exp]i5c$ plead]1 & a f9e writ]1 & p>ticul>ly judici\s 9 rem>k+ ! faults ( 8 s*ol>s1 z well z 9 8 me?od ( tea*+ & improv+ !m4 ,8 pr9cipal tr\ble ) me1 0 to re/ra9 ! luxuriancy ( a juv5ile imag9ation1 always ready to ov]fl[ its banks1 )9 its due & prop] *annel4 ,?us1 aft] an excursion ( two ye>s1 ,i return$ to ,italy1 n only mu* improv$1 b almo/ *ang$ into a new man4 ,! vehem5ce ( my voice & action 0 consid]ably abat$2 ! excessive ard\r ( my language 0 correct$2 my lungs 7 /r5g!n$2 & my :ole con/itution confirm$ & settl$4 ,two ,orators !n reign$ 9 ! ,=um2 7,i mean ,cotta & ,hort5sius7 ^: glory fir$ my emulation4 ,cotta's way ( speak+ 0 calm & easy1 & di/+ui%$ by ! fl[+ elegance & propriety ( 8 language4 ,! o!r 0 spl5did1 w>m1 & animat$2 n su* z y1 my ,brutus1 h se5 him :5 he _h %$ ! blossom ( 8 eloqu5ce1 b f> m lively & pa!tic bo? 9 8 /yle & action4 ,z ,hort5sius1 !re=e1 0 ne>] to me 9 age1 & 8 mann] m agreeable to ! natural ard\r ( my temp]1 ,i consid]$ him z ! prop] object ( my competition4 ,= ,i obs]v$ t :5 !y 7 bo? engag$ 9 ! same cause1 7z = in/ance1 :5 !y def5d$ ,m4 ,canuleius1 & ,cn4 ,dolabella1 a man ( consul> dignity7 ?\gh ,cotta 0 g5]ally employ$ to op5 ! def5ce1 ! mo/ important p>ts ( x 7 left to ! managem5t ( ,hort5sius4 ,= a cr[d$ audi5ce1 & a clamor\s ,=um1 require an ,orator :o is lively1 animat$1 full ( action1 & able to ex]t 8 voice to ! highe/ pit*4 ,! fir/ ye>1 !re=e1 aft] my return f ,asia1 ,i und]took sev]al capital causes2 & 9 ! int]im ,i put up z a c&idate = ! ,quae/or%ip1 ,cotta = ! ,consulate1 & ,hort5sius = ! ,a$ile%ip4 ,aft] ,i 0 *os5 ,quae/or1 ,i pass$ a ye> 9 ,sicily1 ! prov9ce assign$ to me by lot3 ,cotta w5t z ,consul into ,gaul3 & ,hort5sius1 ^: new (fice requir$ 8 pres5ce at ,rome1 0 left ( c\rse ! undisput$ sov]eign ( ! ,=um4 ,9 ! succe$+ ye>1 :5 ,i return$ f ,sicily1 my oratorial tal5ts1 su* z !y 71 display$ !mselves 9 _! full p]fection & maturity4 ,i h be5 say+ too mu*1 p]haps1 conc]n+ myself3 b my design 9 x 0 n to make a p>ade ( my eloqu5ce & ability1 :i* ,i h no temptation to d1 b only to specify ! pa9s & lab\r :i* ,i h tak5 to improve x4 ,aft] sp5d+ ! five succe$+ ye>s 9 plead+ a v>iety ( causes1 & ) ! able/ ,advocates ( ! "t1 ,i 0 decl>$ an ,a$ile1 & und]took ! patronage ( ! ,sicilians aga9/ ,hort5sius1 :o 0 !n "o ( ! ,consuls elect4 ,b z ! subject ( our conv]sation n only requires an hi/orical detail ( ,orators1 b su* preceptive rem>ks z may be necess>y to elucidate _! *>act]s2 x w n be improp] to make "s obs]vations ( ?is k9d ^u t ( ,hort5sius4 ,aft] 8 appo9tm5t to ! consul%ip 7v probably1 because he saw none ( consul> dignity :o 7 able to rival him1 & despis$ ! competition ( o!rs ( inf]ior rank7 he began to remit t int5se application :i* he _h hi!rto p]sev]$ 9 f 8 *ildhood2 & hav+ settl$ himself 9 v afflu5t circum/ances1 he *ose to live = ! future :at he ?\ght an easy life1 b :i*1 9 tru?1 0 r an indol5t "o4 ,9 ! ?ree succe$+ ye>s1 ! beauty ( 8 col\r+ 0 s mu* impair$1 z to be v p]ceptible to a skilful connoisseur1 ?\gh n to a common obs]v]4 ,aft] t1 he grew e day m unlike himself ?an be=e1 n only 9 o!r p>ts ( ,eloqu5ce1 b by a gradual decay ( ! =m] cel]ity & elegant texture ( 8 language4 ,i1 at ! same "t1 sp>$ no pa9s to improve & enl>ge my tal5ts1 su* z !y 71 by e ex]cise t 0 prop] = ! purpose1 b p>ticul>ly by t ( writ+4 ,n to m5tion sev]al o!r advantages ,i d]iv$ f x1 ,i %all only obs]ve1 t ab\t ?is "t1 & b a v few ye>s aft] my ,a$ile%ip1 ,i 0 decl>$ ! fir/ ,praetor1 by ! unanim\s suffrages ( my fell[- citiz5s4 ,=1 by my dilig5ce & assiduity z a ,plead]1 & my accurate way ( speak+1 :i* 0 r sup]ior to ! ord9>y /yle ( ! ,b>1 ! novelty ( my ,eloqu5ce _h engag$ ! att5tion1 & secur$ ! good wi%es ( ! public4 ,b ,i w say no?+ ( myself3 ,i w conf9e my disc\rse to our o!r ,speak]s1 among :om !re is n "o :o has ga9$ m ?an a common acqua9tance ) ^? p>ts ( lit]ature1 :i* fe$ ! spr+s ( ,eloqu5ce3--n "o :o has be5 ?or\ghly nurtur$ at ! brea/ ( ,philosophy1 :i* is ! "m ( e excell5ce ei!r 9 de$ or spee*3--n "o :o has acquir$ an accurate k ( ! ,civil ,law1 :i* is s necess>y = ! managem5t ev5 ( private causes1 & to direct ! judgm5t ( an ,orator3--n "o :o is a complete ma/] ( ! ,roman ,hi/ory1 :i* w\ld enable u1 on _m occasions1 to appeal to ! v5]able evid5ce ( ! dead3--n "o :o c entangle 8 oppon5t 9 su* a neat & hum\r\s mann]1 z to relax ! sev]ity ( ! ,judges into a smile or an op5 laugh3--n "o :o kn[s h[ to dilate & exp& 8 subject1 by r$uc+ x f ! limit$ consid]ations ( "t1 & p]son1 to "s g5]al & indef9ite topic2--n "o :o kn[s h[ to enliv5 x by an agreeable digression3 n "o :o c r\se ! indignation ( ! ,judge1 or extort f him ! te> ( compassion2--or :o c influ5ce & b5d 8 s\l 7:i* is confess$ly ! capital p]fection ( an ,orator7 9 su* a mann] z %all be/ suit 8 purpose4 ,:5 ,hort5sius1 !re=e1 ! once eloqu5t & admir$ ,hort5sius1 _h almo/ vani%$ f ! ,=um1 my appo9tm5t to ! ,consul%ip1 :i* happ5$ ab\t six ye>s aft] 8 own promotion to t (fice1 reviv$ 8 dy+ emulation2 = he 0 unwill+ t aft] ,i _h equall$ him 9 rank & dignity1 ,i %\ld become 8 sup]ior 9 any o!r respect4 ,b 9 ! twelve succe$+ ye>s1 by a mutual def]5ce to ea* o!r's abilities1 we unit$ our ef=ts at ! ,b> 9 ! mo/ amicable mann]3 & my ,consul%ip1 :i* at fir/ _h giv5 a %ort al>m to 8 jeal\sy1 aft]w>d cem5t$ our fri5d%ip1 by ! g5]\s c&or ) :i* he applaud$ my conduct4 ,b our emul\s ef=ts 7 ex]t$ 9 ! mo/ conspicu\s mann]1 j be=e ! comm5cem5t ( t unhappy p]iod1 :5 ,eloqu5ce h]self 0 conf\nd$ & t]rifi$ by ! d9 ( arms into a sudd5 & a total sil5ce3 = aft] ,pompey _h propos$ & c>ri$ a law1 :i* all[$ ev5 ! p>ty accus$ b ?ree h\rs to make 8 def5ce1 ,i appe>$1 7?\gh comp>atively z a m]e noviciate by ?is new regulation7 9 a numb] ( causes :i*1 9 fact1 7 become p]fectly ! same1 or v ne>ly s2 mo/ ( :i*1 my ,brutus1 y 0 pres5t to he>1 z hav+ be5 my p>tn] & fell[-advocate 9 _m ( !m1 ?\gh y plead$ sev]al by y\rself2 & ,hort5sius1 ?\gh he di$ a %ort "t aft]w>ds1 bore 8 %>e 9 ^! limit$ ef=ts4 ,he began to plead ab\t t5 ye>s be=e ! "t ( y\r bir?2 & 9 8 sixty-f\r? ye>1 b a v few days be=e 8 dea?1 he 0 engag$ ) y 9 ! def5ce ( ,appius1 y\r fa!r-9-law4 ,z to our respective tal5ts1 ! ,orations we h publi%$ w enable po/]ity to =m a prop] judgm5t ( !m4 ,b if we mean to inquire1 :y ,hort5sius 0 m admir$ = 8 ,eloqu5ce 9 ! y\ng] "p ( 8 life1 ?an 9 8 latt] ye>s1 we %all f9d x ow+ to ! foll[+ causes4 ,! fir/ 01 t an ,asiatic /yle is m all[able 9 a "y man ?an 9 an old "o4 ,( ?is !re are two diff]5t k9ds4 ,! =m] is s5t5ti\s & sprightly1 & ab\nds 9 ^? turns ( s5tim5t :i* are n s mu* di/+ui%$ by _! weight & solidity z by _! neatness & elegance2 ( ?is ca/ 0 ,timaeus ! ,hi/orian1 & ! two ,orators s mu* talk$ ( 9 our y\ng] days1 ,hi]ocles ! ,alab&ean1 & 8 bro!r ,m5ecles1 b p>ticul>ly ! latt]2 bo? ^: ,orations may be reckon$ ma/]-pieces ( ! k9d4 ,! o!r sort is n s rem>kable = ! pl5ty & ri*ness ( its s5tim5ts1 z = its rapid volubility ( expression1 :i* at pres5t is ! rul+ ta/e 9 ,asia2 b1 besides x's uncommon flu5cy1 x is recomm5d$ by a *oice ( words :i* are peculi>ly delicate & ornam5tal3--( ?is k9d 7 ,aes*ylus ! ,cnidian1 & my cotempor>y ,aes*9es ! ,milesian2 = !y _h an admirable comm& ( language1 ) v little elegance ( s5tim5t4 ,^! %[y k9ds ( eloqu5ce are agreeable en\gh 9 "y p2 b !y are entirely de/itute ( t gravity & composure :i* befits a rip] age4 ,z ,hort5sius !re=e excell$ 9 bo?1 he 0 he>d ) applause 9 ! e>li] "p ( 8 life4 ,= he _h all t f]tility & graceful v>iety ( s5tim5t :i* di/+ui%$ ! "* ( ,m5ecles3 b1 z 9 ,m5ecles1 s 9 him1 !re 7 _m turns ( s5tim5t :i* 7 m delicate & ent]ta9+ ?an really useful1 or inde$ sometimes conv5i5t4 ,8 language also 0 brilliant & rapid1 & yet p]fectly neat & accurate2 b by no means agreeable to m5 ( rip] ye>s4 ,i h (t5 se5 x receiv$ by ,philippus ) ! utmo/ d]ision1 &1 ^u "s occasions1 ) a contemptu\s indignation3 b ! y\ng] "p ( ! audi5ce admir$ x1 & ! populace 7 highly pleas$ ) x4 ,9 8 y\?1 !re=e1 he met ! w>me/ approbation ( ! public1 & ma9ta9$ 8 po/ ) ease z ! fir/ ,orator 9 ! ,=um4 ,= ! /yle he *ose to speak 91 ?\gh x has little weight1 or au?ority1 appe>$ v suitable to 8 age3 & z x discov]$ 9 him ! mo/ visible m>ks ( g5ius & application1 & 0 recomm5d$ by ! num]\s cad5ce ( 8 p]iods1 he 0 he>d ) univ]sal applause4 ,b :5 ! hon\rs he aft]w>ds rose to1 & ! dignity ( 8 ye>s requir$ some?+ m s]i\s & compos$1 he /ill cont9u$ to appe> 9 ! same "*1 ?\gh x no long] became him3 & z he _h1 = "s consid]able "t1 int]mitt$ ^? ex]cises1 & relax$ t labori\s att5tion :i* _h once di/+ui%$ him1 ?\gh 8 =m] neatness ( expression1 & luxuriancy ( s5tim5t /ill rema9$1 !y 7 /ripp$ ( ^? brilliant ornam5ts !y _h be5 us$ to we>4 ,= ?is reason1 p]haps1 my ,brutus1 he appe>$ less pleas+ to y ?an he w\ld h done1 if y _h be5 old en\gh to he> him1 :5 he 0 fir$ ) emulation & fl\ri%$ 9 ! full bloom ( 8 ,eloqu5ce4 ,i am p]fectly s5sible1 said ,brutus1 ( ! ju/ice ( y\r rem>ks2 & yet ,i h always look$ ^u ,hort5sius z a great ,orator1 b especially :5 he plead$ = ,messala1 9 ! "t ( y\r abs5ce4--,i h (t5 he>d ( x1 repli$ ,i1 & 8 ,oration1 :i* 0 aft]w>ds publi%$1 !y say1 9 ! v same words 9 :i* he deliv]$ x1 is no way inf]ior to ! "* y give x4 ,^u ! :ole1 !n1 8 reputation fl\ri%$ f ! "t ( ,crassus & ,scaevola 7reckon+ f ! ,consul%ip ( ! =m]7 to ! ,consul%ip ( ,paullus & ,m>cellus3 & ,i held out 9 ! same c>e] ( glory f ! ,dictator%ip ( ,sylla1 to ! p]iod ,i h la/1 m5tion$4 ,?us ! ,eloqu5ce ( ,hort5sius 0 ext+ui%$ by 8 own dea?1 & m9e by t ( ! ,commonweal?4--,om9ate m fav\rably1 ,i beg ( y1 cri$ ,brutus4--,z fav\rably z y please1 said ,i1 & t n s mu* ^u my own acc\nt1 z y\r's4 ,b 8 dea? 0 truly =tunate1 :o did n live to behold ! mis]ies1 :i* he _h long =ese54 ,= we (t5 lam5t$1 betwe5 ourselves1 ! mis=tunes :i* hung ov] ! ,/ate1 :5 we discov]$ ! se$s ( a civil w> 9 ! insatiable ambition ( a few private ,citiz5s1 & saw e hope ( an accommodation exclud$ by ! ra%ness & precipitancy ( our public c\nsels4 ,b ! felicity :i* always m>k$ 8 life1 seems to h exempt$ him1 by a seasonable dea?1 f ! calamities t foll[$4 ,b1 z aft] ! decease ( ,hort5sius1 we seem to h be5 left1 my ,brutus1 z ! sole gu>dians ( an orphan ,eloqu5ce1 let u *]i% h]1 )9 our own walls at lea/1 ) a g5]\s fidelity3 let u disc\rage ! addresses ( h] wor?less1 & imp]t95t suitors2 let u pres]ve h] pure & unblemi%$ 9 all h] virg9 *>ms1 & secure h]1 to ! utmo/ ( our ability1 f ! lawless viol5ce ( e arm$ ruffian4 ,i mu/ own1 h[ev]1 ?\gh ,i am he>tily griev$ t ,i ent]$ s late ^u ! road ( life1 z to be ov]tak5 by a gloomy night ( public di/ress1 be=e ,i _h f9i%$ my j\rney2 t ,i am n a little reliev$ by ! t5d] consolation :i* y adm9i/]$ to me 9 y\r v agreeable lett]s2-- 9 :i* y tell me ,i ought to recollect my c\rage1 s9ce my pa/ transactions are su* z w speak = me :5 ,i am sil5t1 & survive my dea?1--& su* z1 if ! ,gods p]mit1 w be> an ample te/imony to ! prud5ce & integrity ( my public c\nsels1 by ! f9al re/oration ( ! ,republic3--or1 if o!rwise1 by bury+ me 9 ! ru9s ( my c\ntry4 ,b :5 ,i look ^u y1 my ,brutus1 x fills me ) angui% to reflect t1 9 ! vig\r ( y\r y\?1 & :5 y 0 mak+ ! mo/ rapid progress 9 ! road to fame1 y\r c>e] 0 sudd5ly /opp$ by ! fatal ov]?r[ ( ! ,commonweal?4 ,?is unhappy circum/ance has /ung me to ! he>t2 & n me only2 b my wor?y fri5d "h1 :o has ! same affection = y1 & ! same e/eem = y\r m]it :i* ,i h4 ,we h ! w>me/ wi%es = y\r happ9ess1 & he>tily pray t y may reap ! rew>ds ( y\r excell5t virtues1 & live to f9d a ,republic 9 :i* y w be able1 n only to revive1 b ev5 to add to ! fame ( y\r illu/ri\s ance/ors4 ,= ! ,=um 0 y\r bir?-"r1 y\r native !atre ( action2 & y 0 ! only p]son t ent]$ x1 :o _h n only =m$ 8 ,elocution by a rigor\s c\rse ( private practice1 b enri*$ 8 ,oratory ) ! furniture ( philosophical ,sci5ce1 & ?us unit$ ! highe/ virtue to ! mo/ consummate ,eloqu5ce4 ,y\r situation1 !re=e1 w\nds u ) ! d\ble anxiety1 t y are depriv$ ( ! ,republic1 & ! ,republic ( y4 ,b /ill cont9ue1 my ,brutus1 7not)/&+ ! c>e] ( y\r g5ius has be5 *eck$ by ! rude %ock ( our public di/resses7 cont9ue to pursue y\r fav\rite /udies1 & endeav\r 7:at y h almo/1 or r intirely effect$ already7 to di/+ui% y\rself f ! promiscu\s cr[d ( ,plead]s ) :i* ,i h load$ ! little hi/ory ,i h be5 giv+ y4 ,= x w\ld ill befit y1 7ri*ly furni%$ z y are ) ^? lib]al ,arts1 :i*1 unable to acquire at home1 y import$ f t celebrat$ city :i* has always be5 rev]$ z ! seat ( le>n+7 to pass aft] all z an ord9>y ,plead]4 ,= to :at purposes h y /udi$ "u ,pamm5es1 ! mo/ eloqu5t man 9 ,greece2 or :at advantage h y d]iv$ f ! discipl9e ( ! old ,academy1 & x's h]$it>y ma/] ,ari/us 7my gue/1 & v intimate acqua9tance7 if y /ill rank y\rself 9 ! common class ( ,orators8 ,h we n se5 t a :ole age c\ld sc>cely furni% two ,speak]s :o really excell$ 9 _! pr(ession8 ,among a cr[d ( cotempor>ies1 ,galba1 = in/ance1 0 ! only ,orator ( di/9ction3 = old ,cato 7we are in=m$7 0 oblig$ to yield to 8 sup]ior m]it1 z 7 likewise 8 two juniors ,lepidus1 & ,c>bo4 ,b1 9 a public ,h>angue1 ! /yle ( 8 successors ! ,grac*i 0 f> m easy & lively3 & yet1 ev5 9 _! "t1 ! ,roman ,eloqu5ce _h n rea*$ its p]fection4 ,aft]w>ds came ,antonius1 & ,crassus2 & !n ,cotta1 ,sulpicius1 ,hort5sius1 &--b ,i say no m3 ,i c only add1 t if ,i _h be5 s =tunate1 c1 c1--,caet]a defunt4 ,,! ,,orator1 ,,by ,,m>cus ,,tullius ,,cic]o2 ,,address$ ,,to ,,m>cus ,,brutus2 ,& n[ fir/ translat$ f ! ,orig9al ,lat94 ,song *>ms ! ,s5se1 b ,eloqu5ce ! ,s\l4 ,,milton4 ,,! ,,orator4 ,:i*1 my ,brutus1 w\ld be ! mo/ difficult talk1--to decl9e answ]+ a reque/ :i* y h s (t5 repeat$1 or to gratify x to y\r satisfaction1--,i h long be5 at a loss to det]m9e4 ,i %\ld be extremely sorry to d5y any ?+ to a fri5d = :om ,i h ! w>me/ e/eem1 & :o1 ,i am s5sible1 has an equal affection = me2-- especially1 z he has only desir$ me to und]take a subject :i* may ju/ly claim my att5tion4 ,b to del9eate a "*1 :i* x w\ld be v difficult1 ,i w n say to acquire1 b ev5 to compreh5d 9 its full ext5t1 ,i ?\ght 0 too bold an und]tak+ = him :o rev]es ! c5sure ( ! wife & le>n$4 ,= consid]+ ! great div]sity ( mann] among ! able/ ,speak]s1 h[ exce$+ly difficult mu/ x be to det]m9e :i* is be/1 & give a f9i%$ model ( ,eloqu5ce8 ,?is1 h[ev]1 9 compliance ) y\r repeat$ solicitations1 ,i %all n[ attempt2--n s mu* f any hopes ( succe$+1 z f a /rong incl9ation to make ! trial4 ,= ,i _h r1 by yield+ to y\r wi%es1 give y room to compla9 ( my insuffici5cy2 ?an1 by a p]emptory d5ial1 tempt y to "q my fri5d%ip4 ,y desire to "k1 !n1 7& y h (t5 repeat$ y\r reque/7 :at k9d ( ,eloqu5ce ,i mo/ approve1 & c look ^u to be s highly f9i%$1 z to require no f>!r improvem5t4 ,b %\ld ,i be able to answ] y\r expectations1 & display1 9 8 full p]fection1 ! ,orator y enquire aft]2 ,i am afraid ,i %all ret>d ! indu/ry ( _m1 :o1 enfeebl$ by despair1 w no long] attempt :at !y ?9k !mselves incapable ( atta9+4 ,x is b reasonable1 h[ev]1 t all ^? :o covet :at is excell5t1 & :i* _c be acquir$ )\t ! greate/ application1 %\ld ex]t _! utmo/4 ,b if any "o is defici5t 9 capacity1 & de/itute ( t admirable =ce ( g5ius :i* ,nature be/[s ^u h] fav\rites1 or has be5 d5i$ ! advantages ( a lib]al education1 let him make ! progress he is able4 ,= :ile we are driv+ to ov]take ! =emo/1 x is no disgrace to be f\nd among ! second class1 or ev5 ! ?ird4 ,?us1 = in/ance1 among ! poets1 we respect ! m]it n only ( a ,hom] 7t ,i may conf9e myself to ! ,greeks7 or ( ,ar*ilo*us1 ,sophocles1 or ,p9d>1 b ( _m o!rs :o occupi$ ! second1 or ev5 a l[] place4 ,9 ,philosophy also ! diffusive maje/y ( ,plato has n det]r$ ,ari/otle f ent]+ ! li/2 nor has ,ari/otle himself1 ) all 8 wond]ful k & f]tility ( ?\ght1 di%e>t5$ ! endeav\rs ( o!rs4 ,nay1 m5 ( an elevat$ g5ius h n only disda9$ to be intimidat$ f ! pursuit ( lit]>y fame2--b ! v arti/s & me*anics h nev] rel9qui%$ _! pr(ession1 because !y 7 unable to equal ! beauty ( t ,iasylus :i* we h se5 at ,rhodes1 or ( ! celebrat$ ,v5us 9 ! isl& ( ,coos3--nor has ! noble image ( ,olympian ,jove1 or ! fam\s /atue ( ! ,man at ,arms1 det]r$ o!rs f mak+ trial ( _! abilities1 & ex]t+ _! skill to ! utmo/4 ,accord+ly1 su* a l>ge numb] ( !m has appe>$1 & ea* has p]=m$ s well 9 8 own way1 t we _c help be+ pleas$ ) _! productions1 not)/&+ our admiration at ! nobl] ef=ts ( ! great ma/]s ( ! *issel4 ,b among ! ,orators1 ,i mean ^? ( ,greece1 x is a/oni%+ h[ mu* "o ( !m has surpass$ ! re/3--& yet1 ?\gh !re 0 a ,demo/h5es1 !re 7 ev5 !n _m o!r ,orators ( consid]able m]it2--& su* !re 7 be=e he made 8 appe>ance1 nor h !y be5 want+ s9ce4 ,!re is1 !re=e1 no reason :y ^? :o h devot$ !mselves to ! /udy ( ,eloqu5ce1 %\ld suff] _! hopes to langui%1 or _! indu/ry to flag4 ,=1 9 ! fir/ place1 ev5 t :i* is mo/ excell5t is n to be despair$ (2--&1 9 all wor?y attempts1 t :i* is next to :at is be/ is great & noble4 ,b 9 sket*+ out ! "* ( a compleat ,orator1 x is possible ,i may exhibit su* a "o z ha? nev] yet exi/$4 ,= ,i am n to po9t out ! ,speak]1 b to del9eate ! ,eloqu5ce ?an :i* no?+ c be m p]fect ( ! k9d3--an ,eloqu5ce :i* ha? blaz$ =? ?r\gh a :ole ,h>angue b seldom1 &1 x may be1 nev]2 b only "h & !re l a transi5t gleam1 ?\gh 9 "s ,orators m frequ5tly1 & 9 o!rs1 p]haps1 m sp>+ly4 ,my op9ion1 !n1 is1--t !re is no human production ( any k9d1 s compleatly beautiful1 ?an :i* !re is n a some?+ /ill m beautiful1 f :i* ! o!r is copi$ l a portrait f real life1 & :i* c be disc]n$ nei!r by our eyes nor e>s1 nor any ( our bodily s5ses1 b is visible only to ?\ght & imag9ation4 ,?\gh ! /atues1 !re=e1 ( ,phidias1 & ! o!r images above-m5tion$1 are all s wond]fully *>m+1 t no?+ c be f\nd :i* is m excell5t ( ! k9d2 we may /ill1 h[ev]1 suppose a some?+ :i* is m exquisite1 & m compleat4 ,= x mu/ n be ?\ght t ! +5i\s arti/1 :5 he 0 sket*+ out ! =m ( a ,jupit]1 or a ,m9]va1 borr[$ ! lik5ess f any p>ticul> object2--b a c]ta9 admirable semblance ( beauty 0 pres5t to 8 m9d1 :i* he view$ & dwelt ^u1 & by :i* 8 skill & 8 h& 7 guid$4 ,z1 !re=e1 9 m]e bodily %ape & figure !re is a k9d ( p]fection1 to ^: ideal appe>ance e production :i* falls "u ! notice ( ! eye is ref]r$ by imitation2 s ! semblance ( :at is p]fect 9 ,oratory may become visible to ! m9d1 & ! e> may lab\r to cat* a lik5ess4 ,^! prim>y =ms ( ?+ are by ,plato 7! fa!r ( sci5ce & good language7 call$ ,ideas2 & he tells u !y h nei!r beg9n+ nor end1 b are co-eval ) reason & intellig5ce2 :ile e ?+ besides has a d]iv$1 & a transitory exi/5ce1 & passes away & decays1 s z to cease 9 a %ort "t to be ! ?+ x 04 ,:atev]1 !re=e1 may be discuss$ by reason & me?od1 %\ld be con/antly r$uc$ to ! prim>y =m or semblance ( x's respective g5us4 ,i am s5sible t ?is introduction1 z be+ d]iv$ n f ! pr9ciples ( ,eloqu5ce1 b f ! deepe/ recesses ( ,philosophy1 w excite ! c5sure1 or at lea/ ! wond] ( _m1 :o w ?9k x bo? unfa%ionable & intricate4 ,= !y w ei!r be at a loss to discov] x's connection ) my subject1 7?\gh !y w soon be conv9c$ by :at foll[s1 t1 if x appe>s to be f>-fet*$1 x is n s )\t reason27--or !y w blame me1 p]haps1 = des]t+ ! beat5 track1 & /rik+ out into a new "o4 ,b ,i am satisfi$ t ,i (t5 appe> to advance novelties1 :5 ,i (f] s5tim5ts :i* are1 inde$1 ( a mu* e>li] date1 b happ5 to be g5]ally unkn[n3 & ,i frankly ackn[l$ge t ,i came =? an ,orator1 7if inde$ ,i am "o1 or :atev] else ,i may be deem$7 n f ! s*ool ( ! ,rhetoricians1 b f ! spaci\s walks ( ! ,academy4 ,= ^! are ! !atres ( div]sifi$ & ext5sive argum5ts :i* 7 fir/ impress$ ) ! foot-/eps ( ,plato2 & 8 ,diss]tations1 ) ^? ( o!r ,philosoph]s1 w be f\nd ( ! greate/ utility to an ,orator1 bo? = 8 ex]cise & improvem5t2 because all ! f]tility1 &1 z x 71 ! mat]ials ( ,eloqu5ce1 are to be d]iv$ f !nce2--b n1 h[ev]1 suffici5tly prep>$ = ! bus9ess ( ! ,=um1 :i*1 z !mselves h frequ5tly boa/$1 !y ab&on$ to ! ru/ic ,muses ( ! vulg>6 ,?us ! ,eloqu5ce ( ! ,=um1 despis$ & reject$ by ! ,philosoph]s1 0 b]eav$ ( h] greate/ advantages3--b1 nev]!less1 be+ array$ 9 all ! brilliance ( language & s5tim5t1 %e made a figure among ! populace1 nor fe>$ ! c5sure ( ! judici\s few4 ,by ?is means1 ! le>n$ became de/itute ( a popul> ,eloqu5ce1 & ! ,orators ( polite le>n+4 ,we may1 !re=e1 consid] x z a capital maxim1 7! tru? ( :i* w be m easily und]/ood 9 ! sequel7 t ! eloqu5t ,speak] we are enquir+ aft]1 _c be =m$ )\t ! assi/ance ( ,philosophy4 ,i d n mean t ?is alone is suffici5t2 b only 7= x is sometimes necess>y to comp>e great ?+s to small7 t x w contribute to improve him 9 ! same mann] z ! ,palae/ra ,footnote3 ,! ,palae/ra 0 a place set ap>t = public ex]cises1 su* z wre/l+1 runn+1 f5c+1 c4 ! frequ5t p]=mance ( :i* contribut$ mu* to a graceful c>riage ( ! body1 :i* is a necess>y accompli%m5t 9 a good ,actor4 does an ,actor2 because )\t ,philosophy1 no man c speak fully & copi\sly ^u a v>iety ( important subjects :i* come "u ! notice ( an ,orator4 ,accord+ly1 9 ! ,pha$rus ( ,plato1 x is obs]v$ by ,socrates t ! great ,p]icles excell$ all ! ,speak]s ( 8 "t1 because he _h be5 a he>] ( ,anaxagoras ! ,naturali/1 f :om he supposes t he n only borr[$ _m excell5t & sublime ideas1 b a c]ta9 ri*ness & f]tility ( language1 & 7:at 9 ,eloqu5ce is ( ! utmo/ consequ5ce7 ! v>i\s arts ei!r ( soo?+ or al>m+ ea* p>ticul> passion4 ,! same might be said ( ,demo/h5es1 ^: lett]s w satisfy u1 h[ assidu\sly he att5d$ ! ,lectures ( ,plato4 ,= )\t ! in/ruction ( ,philosophy1 we c nei!r discov] :at is ! ,g5us or ! ,species to :i* any ?+ belongs1 nor expla9 ! nature ( x by a j def9ition1 or an accurate analysis ( its p>ts2-- nor c we di/+ui% betwe5 :at is true & false1 or =esee ! consequ5ces1 po9t out ! inconsi/5cies1 & dissolve ! ambiguities :i* may lie 9 ! case be=e u4 ,b z to ,natural ,philosophy 7! k ( :i* w supply u ) ! ri*e/ treasures ( ,elocution27--& z to life1 & x's v>i\s duties1 & ! great pr9ciples ( morality1--:at is x possible ei!r to express or und]/& aright1 )\t a l>ge acqua9tance ) ^!8 ,to su* v>i\s & important accompli%m5ts we mu/ add ! innum]able ornam5ts ( language1 :i*1 at ! "t above m5tion$1 7 ! only weapons :i* ! ,ma/]s ( ,rhetoric c\ld furni%4 ,?is is ! reason :y t g5u9e1 & p]fect ,eloqu5ce we are speak+ (1 has be5 yet atta9$ by no "o2 because ! ,art ( ,reason+ has be5 suppos$ to be "o ?+1 & t ( ,speak+ ano!r2 & we h _h rec\rse to diff]5t ,in/ructors = ! k ( ?+s & words4 ,antonius1 ,footnote3 ,a celebrat$ ,orator1 & gr&fa!r to ,m4 ,antonius ,! ,triumvir4 !re=e1 to :om our ance/ors adjudg$ ! palm ( ,eloqu5ce1 & :o _h mu* natural p5etration & sagacity1 has obs]v$ 9 ! only book he publi%$1 t he _h se5 _m good ,speak]s1 b n a s+le ,orator4 ,! full & p]fect semblance ( ,eloqu5ce _h s ?or\ghly possess$ 8 m9d1 & 0 s completely visible !re1 ?\gh no :]e exemplifi$ 9 practice1 t ?is consummate ,g5ius1 7= su*1 inde$1 he 07 obs]v+ _m defects 9 bo? himself & o!rs1 c\ld discov] no "o :o m]it$ ! "n ( eloqu5t4 ,b if he consid]$ nei!r himself1 nor ,lucius ,crassus1 z a g5u9e ,orator1 he mu/ h =m$ 9 8 m9d a sublime idea ( ,eloqu5ce1 "u :i*1 because !re 0 no?+ want+ to compleat x1 he c\ld n compreh5d ^? ,speak]s :o 7 any ways defici5t4 ,let u !n1 my ,brutus1 7if we are able7 trace out ! ,orator :om ,antonius nev] saw1 & :o1 x may be1 has nev] yet exi/$2 = ?\gh we h n ! skill to copy 8 lik5ess 9 real practice1 7a talk :i*1 9 ! op9ion ( ! p]son above- m5tion$1 w\ld be almo/ too ardu\s = "o ( ! ,gods17 we may be able1 p]haps1 to give "s acc\nt ( :at he ought to be4 ,good ,speak+1 !n1 may be divid$ into ?ree *>act]s1 9 ea* ( :i* !re are "s :o h made an em95t figure3 b to be equally excell5t 9 all 7:i* is :at we require7 has be5 ! happ9ess ( few4 ,! l(ty & maje/ic ,speak]1 :o di/+ui%es himself by ! en]gy ( 8 s5tim5ts1 & ! dignity ( 8 expression1 is impetu\s1--div]sifi$1--copi\s1--& weighty1--& abundantly qualifi$ to al>m & sway ! passions2--:i* "s effect by a h>%1 & a r\gh1 gloomy way ( speak+1 )\t any h>mony or measure2 & o!rs1 by a smoo?1 a regul>1 & a well-proportion$ /yle4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! simple & easy ,speak] is rem>kably dext]\s & ke51 & aim+ at no?+ b our in=mation1 makes e ?+ he disc\rses ^u1 r cle> & op5 ?an great & /rik+1 & poli%es x ) ! utmo/ neatness & accuracy4 ,b "s ( ?is k9d ( ,speak]s1 :o are di/+ui%$ by _! peculi> artificie1 are design$ly unpoli%$1 & appe> rude & unskilful1 t !y may h ! bett] opportunity ( deceiv+ u3--:ile o!rs1 ) ! same pov]ty ( /yle1 are f> m elegant & agreeable1--t is1 !y are pleasant & faceti\s1 & sometimes ev5 florid1 ) "h & !re an easy ornam5t4 ,b !re is likewise a middle k9d ( ,oratory1 betwe5 ! two above- m5tion$1 :i* nei!r has ! ke5ness ( ! latt]1 nor hurls ! ?und] ( ! =m]2 b is a mixture ( bo?1 )\t excell+ 9 ei!r1 ?\gh at ! same "t x has some?+ ( ea*1 or 7p]haps1 m prop]ly7 is equally de/itute ( ! true m]it ( bo?4 ,?is species ( ,eloqu5ce fl[s along 9 a uni=m c\rse1 hav+ no?+ to recomm5d x1 b x's peculi> smoo?ness & equability2 ?\gh at ! same "t1 x int]m+les a numb] ( decorations1 l ! tufts ( fl[]s 9 a g>l&1 & embelli%es a disc\rse f beg9n+ to end ) ! mod]ate & less /rik+ ornam5ts ( language & s5tim5t4 ,^? :o h atta9$ to any degree ( p]fection 9 ei!r ( ! above *>act]s1 h be5 di/+ui%$ z em95t ,orators3 b ! "q is :e!r any ( !m h compass$ :at we are seek+ aft]1 & succe$$ equally 9 all4 ,= !re h be5 sev]al :o c\ld speak n]v\sly & pomp\sly1 & yet1 ^u occasion1 c\ld express !mselves ) ! greates address1 & simplicity4 ,i wi% ,i c\ld ref] to su* an ,orator1 or at lea/ to "o :o ne>ly resembles him1 among ! ,romans2 = x w\ld c]ta9ly h be5 m to our cr$it to be able to ref] to prop] examples ( our own1 & n be necessitat$ to h rec\rse to ! ,greeks4 ,b ?\gh 9 ano!r treatis ( m9e1 :i* be>s ! "n ( ,brutus1 ,footnote3 ,a v excell5t ,treatise 9 ! =m ( a ,dialogue4 ,x conta9s a critical & v in/ructive acc\nt ( all ! not$ ,orators ( ,greece & ,rome & might be call$1 ) great propriety1 ! ,hi/ory ( ,eloqu5ce4 ,?\gh x is p]haps ! mo/ ent]ta9+ ( all ,cic]o's p]=mances1 ! ,public h nev] be5 oblig$ be=e ) a translation ( x into ,engli%2 :i*1 ,i hope1 w suffici5tly plead my excuse = pre=m+ to und]take x4 ,i h said mu* 9 fav\r ( ! ,romans1 p>tly to excite _! emulation1 &1 9 "s measure1 f a p>tial fondness = my c\ntry2 yet ,i mu/ always rememb] to give ! pref]5ce to ,demo/h5es1 :o alone has adapt$ 8 g5ius to t p]fect species ( ,eloqu5ce ( :i* ,i c readily =m an idea1 b :i* ,i h nev] yet se5 exemplifi$ 9 practice4 ,?an him1 !re has nev] hi!rto exi/$ a m n]v\s1 & at ! same "t1 a m subtle ,speak]1 or "o m cool & temp]ate4 ,i mu/1 !re=e1 caution ^? ^: ignorant disc\rse is become s common1 & :o wi% to pass = ,attic ,speak]s1 or at lea/ to express !mselves 9 ! ,attic ta/e1 --,i mu/ caution !m to take him = _! patt]n1 ?an :om x is impossible t ,a!ns h]self %\ld be m completely ,attic3 &1 z to g5u9e ,atticism1 t !m le>n :at x means1 & measure ! =ce ( ,eloqu5ce1 n by _! own weakness & incapacity1 b by 8 wond]ful en]gy & /r5g?4 ,=1 at pres5t1 a p]son be/[s 8 comm5dation ^u j s mu* z he ?9ks himself capable ( imitat+4 ,i !re=e flatt] myself t x w n be =eign to my purpose1 to in/ruct ^? :o h a laudable emulation1 b are n ?or\ghly settl$ 9 _! judgm5t1 :]e9 ! m]it ( an ,attic ,orator consi/s4 ,! ta/e ( ! ,audi5ce1 !n1 has always gov]n$ & direct$ ! ,eloqu5ce ( ! ,speak]3 = all :o wi% to be applaud$1 consult ! "*1 & ! incl9ations ( ^? :o he> !m1 & c>efully =m & accommodate !mselves to _! p>ticul> hum\rs & dispositions4 ,?us 9 ,c>ia1 ,phrygia1 & ,mysia1 because ! inhabitants h no reli% = true elegance & polit5ess1 ! ,orators h adopt$ 7z mo/ agreeable to ! e>s ( _! audi5ce7 a luxuriant1 &1 if ,i may s express myself1 a corpul5t /yle2 :i* _! neighb\rs ! ,rhodians1 :o are only p>t$ f !m by a n>r[ /raight1 h nev] approv$1 & mu* less ! ,greeks2 b ! ,a!nians h entirely bani%$ x2 = _! ta/e has always be5 s j & accurate t !y c\ld n li/5 to any ?+ b :at 0 p]fectly correct & elegant4 ,an ,orator1 !re=e1 to complim5t _! delicacy1 0 =c$ to be always ^u 8 gu>d aga9/ a faulty or a di/a/eful expression4 ,accord+ly1 he1 :om we h j m5tion$ z surpass+ ! re/1 has be5 c>eful 9 8 ,oration = ,ctesiphon1 7:i* is ! be/ he ev] compos$7 to set out v cooly & mode/ly3 :5 he proce$s to argue ! po9t ( law1 he gr[s m poignant & press+2 & z he advances 9 8 def5ce1 he takes /ill great] lib]ties2 till1 at la/1 hav+ w>m$ ! passions ( 8 ,judges1 he exults at 8 pleasure ?r\gh ! ream9+ "p ( 8 disc\rse4 ,b ev5 9 him1 ?us c>efully weigh+ & pois+ 8 e ^w ,aes*9es ,footnote3 ,aes*9es 0 a cotempor>y1 & a pr(ess$ rival ( ,demo/h5es4 ,he c>ri$ 8 animosity s f> z to comm5ce a litigi\s suit aga9/ him1 at a "t :5 ! reputation ( ! latt] 0 at ! l[e/ ebb4 ,b be+ ov]p[]$ by ! ,eloqu5ce ( ,demo/h5es1 he 0 condemn$ to p]petual bani%m5t4 c\ld f9d sev]al expressions to turn into ridicule3--= giv+ a loose to 8 raill]y1 he calls !m h>%1 & dete/able1 & too %ock+ to be endur$2 & /yl+ ! au?or ( !m a v mon/]1 he taunt+ly asks him :e!r su* expressions c\ld be consid]$ z words or n r z absolute frights & prodigies4 ,s t to ,a,eschines n ev5 ,demo/h5es himself 0 p]fectly ,attic2 = x is an easy matt] to cat* a gl[+ expression1 7if ,i may be all[$ to call x s7 & expose x to ridicule :5 ! fire ( att5tion is ext+ui%$4 ,demo/h5es1 !re=e1 :5 he endeav\rs to excuse himself1 condesc5ds to je/1 & d5ies t ! =tune ( ,greece 0 9 ! lea/ affect$ by ! s+ul>ity ( a p>ticul> expression1 or by 8 mov+ 8 h& ei!r ?is way or t4 ,) :at pati5ce1 !n1 w\ld a ,mysian or a ,phrygian h be5 he>d at ,a!ns1 :5 ev5 ,demo/h5es himself 0 reproa*$ z a nuisance8 ,b %\ld ! =m] h begun 8 :9+ s+-song1 aft] ! mann] ( ! ,asiatics1 :o w\ld h endur$ x8 or r1 :o w\ld n h ord]$ him to be in/antly torn f ! ,ro/rum8 ,^?1 !re=e1 :o c accommodate !mselves to ! nice & critical e>s ( an ,a!nian audi5ce1 are ! only p]sons :o %\ld pret5d to ,atticism4 ,b ?\gh ,atticism may be divid$ into sev]al k9ds1 ^! mimic ,a!nians suspect b "o4 ,!y imag9e t to disc\rse pla9ly1 & )\t any ornam5t1 provid$ x be done correctly1 & cle>ly1 is ! only g5u9e ,atticism4 ,9 conf9+ x to ?is alone1 !y are c]ta9ly mi/ak52 ?\gh :5 !y tell u t ?is is really ,attic1 !y are s f> 9 ! "r4 ,= if ! only true ,atticism is :at !y suppose to be1 n ev5 ,p]icles 0 an ,attic ,speak]1 ?\gh he 0 univ]sally all[$ to be> away ! palm ( ,eloqu5ce2 nor1 if he _h :olly atta*$ himself to ?is pla9 & simple k9d ( language1 w\ld he ev] h be5 said by ! ,poet ,ari/ophanes to ?und] & light51 & ?r[ all ,greece into a f]m5t4 ,be x all[$1 !n1 t ,lysias1 t graceful & mo/ polite ( ,speak]s1 0 truly ,attic3 = :o c d5y x8 ,b let x also be rememb]$ t ,lysias claims ! m]it ( ,atticism1 n s mu* = 8 simplicity & want ( ornam5t1 z because he has no?+ :i* is ei!r faulty or imp]t95t4 ,b to speak floridly1 n]v\sly1 & copi\sly1 ?is also is true ,atticism3--o!rwise1 nei!r ,aes*9es nor ev5 ,demo/h5es himself 7 ,attic ,speak]s4 ,!re are o!rs :o affect to be call$ ,?ucydideans1--a /range & novel race ( ,trifl]s6 ,= ^? :o atta* !mselves to ,lysias1 h a real ,plead] = _! patt]n2--n inde$ a /ately1 & /rik+ ,plead]1 b yet a dextr\s & v elegant "o1 :o might appe> 9 ! ,=um ) reputation4 ,?ucydides1 on ! contr>y1 is a m]e ,hi/orian1 :o 7'tis true7 describes w>s1 & battles ) great dignity & precision2 b he c supply u ) no?+ :i* is prop] = ! ,=um4 ,= 8 v spee*es h s _m obscure & intricate p]iods1 t !y are sc>cely intelligible2 :i* 9 a public disc\rse is ! greate/ fault ( :i* an ,orator c be guilty4 ,b :o1 :5 ! use ( corn has be5 discov]$1 w\ld be s mad z to fe$ ^u acorns8 ,or c\ld ! ,a!nians improve _! diet1 & bodily food1 & be incapable ( cultivat+ _! language8 ,or1 la/ly1 :i* ( ! ,greek ,orators has copi$ ! /yle ( ,?ucydides8 ,footnote3 ,demo/h5es inde$ took ! pa9s to transcribe ! ,hi/ory ( ,?ucydides sev]al times4 ,b he did ?is1 no s mu* to copy ! =m z ! en]gy ( 8 language4 ,true1 !y reply1 b ,?ucydides 0 univ]sally admir$4 ,& s1 inde$1 he 02 b only z a s5sible1 an exact1 & a grave ,hi/orian2--n = 8 address 9 public debates1 b = 8 excell5ce 9 describ+ w>s & battles4 ,accord+ly1 he 0 nev] m5tion$ z an ,orator2 nor w\ld 8 "n h be5 kn[n to po/]ity1 if he _h n compos$ 8 ,hi/ory1 not)/&+ ! dignity ( 8 bir?1 & ! hon\rable %>e he held 9 ! ,gov]nm5t4 ,b none ( ^! ,pret5d]s h copi$ 8 en]gy2 & yet :5 !y h utt]$ a few mutilat$ & brok5 p]iods 7:i* !y might easily h done )\t a ma/] to imitate7 we mu/ rev] !m1 truly1 z s _m g5u9e ,?ucydideses4 ,i h likewise met ) a few :o 7 pr(ess$ imitators ( ,x5ophon2 ^: language1 inde$1 is sweet] ?an honey1 b totally unqualifi$ to )/& ! clam\rs ( ! ,=um4 ,let u return !n to ! ,orator we are seek+ aft]1 & furni% him ) ^? p[]s ( ,elocution1 :i* ,antonius c\ld n discov] 9 any "o3 an ardu\s task1 my ,brutus1 & full ( difficulty3--yet no?+1 ,i believe1 is impossible to him ^: brea/ is fir$ ) ! g5]\s flame ( fri5d%ip6 ,b ,i affectionately admire 7& h always admir$7 y\r g5ius1 y\r incl9ations1 & y\r mann]s4 ,nay1 ,i am daily m inflam$ & ravi%$1 n only ) a desire 7:i*1 ,i assure y1 is a viol5t "o7 to r5ew our fri5dly int]c\rses1 our social repa/s1 & y\r improv+ conv]sation1 b by ! wond]ful fame ( y\r incr$ible virtues1 :i*1 ?\gh diff]5t 9 k9d1 are readily unit$ by y\r sup]ior wisdom & good-s5se4 ,= :at is s remote f sev]ity ( mann]s z g5tl5ess & affability8 & yet :o m v5]able ?an y\rself1 or :o m agreeable8 ,:at c be m difficult ?an to decide a numb] ( suits1 s z to be equally e/eem$ & belov$ by ! p>ties on bo? sides8 ,y1 h[ev]1 possess ! admirable tal5t ( s5d+ away p]fectly easy & cont5t$ ev5 ^? aga9/ :om y\r are =c$ to give judgm5t3 ?us br++ x to be> t1 :ile y d no?+ f a p>tial fav\r to any man1 :atev] y d is fav\rably receiv$4 ,h5ce x happ5s1 t ! only c\ntry ^u e>?1 :i* is n involv$ 9 ! pres5t confusion1 is ! prov9ce ( ,gaul2 :]e y are n[ enjoy+ y\rself 9 a happy tranquillity1 :ile y are univ]sally respect$ at home1 & live 9 ! he>ts ( ! fl[] & /r5g? ( y\r fell[- citiz5s4 ,x is equally amaz+1 ?\gh y are always engag$ 9 ! mo/ important (fices ( ,gov]nm5t1 t y\r /udies are nev] int]mitt$2 & t y are con/antly ei!r compos+ some?+ ( y\r own1 or f9d+ employm5t = me6 ,accord+ly ,i began ?is ,essay1 at y\r reque/1 z soon z ,i _h f9i%$ my ,cato2 :i* la/ also ,i %\ld nev] h attempt$ 7especially at a "t :5 ! enemies ( virtue 7 s num]\s7 if ,i _h n consid]$ x z a crime to disobey my fri5d1 :5 he only urg$ me to revive ! memory ( a man :om ,i always lov$ & hon\r$ 9 8 life-"t4 ,b ,i h n[ v5tur$ ^u a task :i* y h frequ5tly press$ ^u me1 & ,i z (t5 refus$3 =1 if possible1 ,i w\ld %>e ! fault betwe5 u1 t if ,i %\ld prove unequal to ! subject1 y may h ! blame ( load+ me ) a burd5 :i* is beyond my /r5g?1 & ,i ! c5sure ( presum+ to und]take x3--?\gh aft] all1 ! s+le m]it ( gratify+ su* a fri5d z ,brutus1 w suffici5tly atone = any defects ,i may fall into4 ,b 9 e accompli%m5t :i* may become ! object ( pursuit1 x is excessively difficult to del9eate ! =m 7or1 z ! ,greeks call x1 ! "* ,footnote3 ,greek3 *>a*ta]47 ( :at is be/2 because "s suppose x to consi/ 9 "o ?+1 & "s 9 ano!r4 ,?us1 = in/ance1 ,i am = ,ennius1 says "o2 because he conf9es himself to ! /yle ( conv]sation3--& ,i1 says ano!r1 give ! pref]5ce to ,pacuvius1 because 8 v]ses are embelli%$ & well- wr\ght2 :]eas ,ennius is r too neglig5t4 ,9 ! same mann] we may suppose a ?ird to be an admir] ( ,attius2 =1 z among ! ,greeks1 s x happ5s ) u1 diff]5t m5 h diff]5t op9ions2--nor is x easy to det]m9e :i* is be/4 ,?us also 9 pa9t+1 "s are pleas$ ) a r\gh1 a wild1 & a d>k & cl\dy /yle2 :ile o!rs pref] t :i* is cle>1 & lively1 & well cov]$ ) light4 ,h[ !n %all we /rike out a g5]al rule or model1 :5 !re are sev]al mann]s1 & ea* ( !m has a c]ta9 p]fection ( its own8 ,b ?is difficulty has n det]r$ me f ! und]tak+2 nor h ,i alt]$ my op9ion t 9 all ?+s !re is a some?+ :i* compreh5ds ! highe/ excell5ce ( ! k9d1 & :i*1 ?\gh n g5]ally disc]nible1 is suffici5tly conspicu\s to him1 :o is skill$ 9 ! subject4 ,b z !re are sev]al k9ds ( ,eloqu5ce :i* diff] consid]ably f ea* o!r1 & !re=e _c be r$uc$ to "o common =m2--= ?is reason1 z to m]e laudatory ,orations1 ,essays1 ,hi/ories1 & su* suasory p]=mances z ! ,panegyric ( ,isocrates1 & ! spee*es ( _m o!rs :o 7 call$ ,sophi/s2--&1 9 %ort1 z to e ?+ :i* is unconnect$ ) ! ,=um1 & ! :ole ( t species ( disc\rse :i* ! ,greeks call ! demon/rative ,footnote3 ,! demon/rative species ( ,eloqu5ce is t :i* 0 solely employ$ ei!r 9 prais+ or disprais+4 ,besides ?is1 !re are two o!rs1 viz4 ! delib]ative1 & ! judicial2 ! =m] 0 employ$ 9 political debates1 :]e x's :ole bus9ess 0 ei!r to p]suade or dissuade2 & ! latt]1 9 judicial suits & controv]sies1 :]e ! ,speak] 0 ei!r to accuse or def5d4 ,b1 on _m occasions1 !y 7 all ?ree int]m+l$ 9 ! same disc\rse42--! =m1 or lead+ "* ( ^! ,i %all pass ov]2 ?\gh ,i am f> f consid]+ x z a m]e trifle1 or a subject ( no consequ5ce2 on ! contr>y1 we may reg>d x z ! nurse & tutoress ( ! ,orator we are n[ del9eat+4 ,= "h1 a flu5cy ( expression is confess$ly n\ri%$ & cultivat$2 & ! easy con/ruction1 & h>moni\s cad5ce ( our language is m op5ly att5d$ to4 ,"h1 likewise1 we bo? all[ & recomm5d a /udi\s elegance ( diction1 & a cont9u$ fl[ ( melodi\s & well-turn$ p]iods2--& "h1 we may lab\r visibly1 & )\t conceal+ our art1 to contra/ ^w to ^w1 & to comp>e simil>1 & oppose contr>y circum/ances1 & make sev]al s5t5ces 7or p>ts ( a s5t5ce7 conclude alike1 & t]m9ate ) ! same cad5ce2 --ornam5ts1 :i* 9 real plead+s1 are to be us$ m sp>+ly1 & ) less appe>ance ( art4 ,isocrates1 !re=e1 confesses 9 8 ,pana!naicus1 t ^! 7 beauties :i* he indu/ri\sly pursu$2 = he compos$ x n = victory 9 a suit at law 7:]e su* a confession mu/ h greatly injur$ 8 cause7 b m]ely to gratify ! e>4 ,x is record$ t ! fir/ p]sons :o practis$ ?is species ( composition ,footnote3 ,! composition "h m5tion$ consi/$ ( ?ree p>ts1 ,! fir/ reg>d$ ! /ructure2 t is1 ! connection ( our words1 & requir$ t ! la/ syllable ( e prec$+1 & ! fir/ ( e succe$+ ^w %\ld be s aptly unit$ z to produce an agreeable s\nd2 :i* 0 effect$ by avoid+ a collision ( v[els or ( inamicable consonants4 ,x likewise requir$ t ^? words %\ld be con/antly made *oice (1 ^: sep>ate s\nds 7 mo/ h>moni\s & mo/ agreeable to ! s5se4 ,! second "p consi/$ 9 ! use ( p>ticul> =ms ( expression1 su* z contra/s & anti!sises1 :i* h an appe>ance ( ord] & regul>ity 9 _! v texture4 ,! ?ird & la/ reg>d$ t species ( h>mony :i* results n s mu* f ! s\nd1 z f ! "t & quantity ( ! sev]al syllables 9 a s5t5ce4 ,?is 0 call$ numb]1 & sometimes rhyme2 & 0 9 fact a k9d ( prosaic metre1 :i* 0 c>efully att5d$ to by ! anci5ts 9 e "p ( a s5t5ce1 b m p>ticul>ly at ! beg9n+ & end ( x4 ,9 ?is "p !y usually includ$ ! p]iod1 or ! rules = det]m9+ ! l5g? ( _! s5t5ces4 ,i ?\ght x necess>y to give ?is %ort acc\nt ( _! composition1 because our au?or v frequ5tly alludes to x1 be=e he proce$s to expla9 x at l>ge4 7 ,?rasyma*us ! ,*alc$onian1 & ,gorgias ! ,leont9e2 & t ^! 7 foll[$ by ,!odorus ! ,byzant9e1 & a numb] ( o!rs1 :om ,socrates1 9 ! ,pha$rus ( ,plato1 calls ,greek3 logodaidalos ,spee*-wrights2 _m ( :ole disc\rses are suffici5tly neat & ent]ta9+2 b1 be+ ! fir/ attempts ( ! k9d1 7 too m9ute & pu]ile1 & _h too poetical an air1 & too mu* col\r+4 ,on ?is acc\nt1 ! m]it ( ,h]odotus1 & ,?ucydides is ! m conspicu\s3 = ?\gh !y liv$ at ! "t we are speak+ (1 !y c>efully avoid$ ^? /udi$ decorations1 or r futilities4 ,! =m] rolls along l a deep1 /ill riv] )\t any rocks or %oals to int]rupt x's c\rse2 & ! o!r describes w>s & battles1 z if he 0 f\nd+ a *>ge on ! trumpet2 s t hi/ory 7to use ! words ( ,!ophra/us7 caught ! fir/ al>m f ^!1 & began to express h]self ) great] dignity & _s4 ,aft] ^! came ,socrates1 :om ,i h always recomm5d$ z ! mo/ accompli%$ writ] we h 9 ! way ,i am speak+ (2 ?\gh sometimes1 my ,brutus1 y h object$ to x ) a great deal ( pleasantry & erudition4 ,b :5 y are bett] in=m$ = :at x is ,i recomm5d him1 y w !n ?9k ( him p]haps z fav\rably z ,i d4 ,?rasyma*us & ,gorgias 7:o are said to h be5 ! fir/ :o cultivat$ ! art ( prosaic h>mony7 appe>$ to him to be too m9utely exact2 & ,?ucydides1 he ?\ght1 0 z mu* too loose & rugg$1 & n suffici5tly smoo?1 & full-m\!d2 & f h5ce he took ! h9t to give a scope to 8 s5t5ces by a m copi\s & unconf9$ fl[ ( language1 & to fill up _! breaks & int]vals ) ! s(t] & m agreeable numb]s4 ,by tea*+ ?is to ! mo/ celebrat$ ,speak]s1 & ,compos]s ( ! age1 8 h\se came at la/ to be hon\r$ z ! ,s*ool ( ,eloqu5ce4 ,:]e=e z ,i bore ! c5sure ( o!rs ) indiff]5ce1 :5 ,i _h ! good =tune to be applaud$ by ,cato2 ?us ,isocrates1 ) ! approbation ( ,plato1 may slight ! judgm5t ( inf]ior critics4 ,= 9 ! la/ page ( ! ,pha$rus1 we f9d ,socrates ?us express+ himself2--',n[1 inde$1 my de> ,pha$rus1' said he1 ',isocrates is b a y\?3 b ,i w discov] to y :at ,i ?9k ( him4'--',& :at is t8' repli$ ! o!r4--',he appe>s to me1' said ! ,philosoph]1 'to h too elevat$ a g5ius to be plac$ on a level ) ! arid spee*es ( ,lysias4 ,besides1 he has a /rong] turn = virtue2 s t ,i %all n wond]1 z he advances 9 ye>s1 if 9 ! species ( ,eloqu5ce to :i* he n[ applies himself1 he %\ld exce$ all1 :o h hi!rto pursu$ x1 l s _m infants4 ,or1 if ?is %\ld n cont5t him1 ,i %all n be a/oni%$ to behold him ) a godlike ard\r pursu+ high] & m important /udies2 = ,i pla9ly see t he has a natural b5t to ,philosophy6' ,?us ,socrates presag$ ( him :5 he 0 b a y\?4 ,b ,plato record$ ?is eulogium :5 he 0 old]2 & he record$ x1 ?\gh he 0 "o ( 8 equals & cotempor>ies1 & a pr(ess$ enemy to ! :ole tribe ( ,rhetoricians6 ,him he admires1 & him alone6 ,s t su* :o despise ,isocrates1 mu/ suff] me to err ) ,socrates & ,plato4 ,! mann] ( speak+1 !n1 :i* is obs]v$ 9 ! demon/rative or ornam5tal species ( ,eloqu5ce1 & :i* ,i h be=e rem>k$1 0 peculi> to ! ,sophi/s1 is sweet1 h>moni\s1 & fl[+1 full ( po9t$ s5tim5ts1 & array$ 9 all ! brilliance ( language4 ,b x is mu* fitt] = ! p>ade ?an ! field2 & be+1 !re=e1 consign$ to ! ,palae/ra1 & ! s*ools1 has be5 long bani%$ f ! ,=um4 ,z ,eloqu5ce1 h[ev]1 aft] %e _h be5 f$ & n\ri%$ ) ?is1 acquires a fre%] complexion1 & a firm] con/itution2 x w\ld n be amiss1 ,i ?\ght1 to trace our ,orator f 8 v cradle4 ,b ^! ?+s are only = %ew & amusem5t3 :]eas x is our bus9ess to take ! field 9 e>ne/1 & prep>e = action4 ,z !re are ?ree p>ticul>s1 !n1 to be att5d$ to by an ,orator1--viz4 :at he is to say1 9 :at ord]1 & h[2 we %all consid] :at is mo/ excell5t 9 ea*2 b aft] a diff]5t mann] f :at is foll[$ 9 deliv]+ a sy/em ( ! ,art4 ,= we are n to furni% a set ( precepts 7?is n be+ ! prov9ce we h und]tak57 b to exhibit a portrait ( ,eloqu5ce 9 h] full p]fection3 nei!r is x our bus9ess to expla9 ! me?ods by :i* we may acquire x1 b only to %ew :at op9ion we ought to =m ( x4 ,! two fir/ articles are to be lightly t\*$ ov]2 = !y h n s mu* a rem>kable z a necess>y %>e 9 =m+ ! "* ( a compleat ,orator1 & are likewise common to 8 ) _m o!r pr(essions2--& ?\gh1 to inv5t1 & judge ) accuracy1 :at is prop] to be said1 are important accompli%m5ts1 & ! same z ! s\l is to ! body1 yet !y r belong to prud5ce ?an to ,eloqu5ce4 ,9 :at cause1 h[ev]1 c prud5ce be idle8 ,our ,orator1 !re=e1 :o is to be all p]fection1 %\ld be ?or\ghly acqua9t$ ) ! s\rces ( argum5t & pro(4 ,= z e ?+ :i* c become ! subject ( debate1 mu/ re/ ^u "o or ano!r ( ^! p>ticul>s1 viz4--:e!r a fact has be5 really committ$1 or :at "n x ought to be> 9 law1 or :e!r x is agreeable or contr>y to ju/ice2 & z ! reality ( a fact mu/ be det]m9$ by =ce ( evid5ce1 ! true "n ( x by x's def9ition1 & ! quality ( x by ! receiv$ notions ( "r & wrong2--an ,orator 7n an ord9>y "o1 b ! f9i%$ ,speak] we are describ+7 w always turn (f ! controv]sy1 z mu* z possible1 f p>ticul> p]sons & times1 7= we may argue m at lib]ty conc]n+ g5]al topics ?an ab\t circum/ances7 9 su* a mann] t :at is prov$ to be true univ]sally1 may necess>ily appe> to be s 9 all subord9ate cases4 ,! po9t 9 debate be+ ?us ab/ract$ f p>ticul> p]sons & times1 & br\ght to re/ ^u g5]al pr9ciples1 is call$ a !sis4 ,9 ?is ! fam\s ,ari/otle c>efully practis$ 8 s*ol>s2--n to argue ) ! =mal precision ( ,philosoph]s1 b to canvass a po9t h&somely & readily on bo? sides1 & ) all ! copi\sness s mu* admir$ 9 ! ,rhetoricians3 & = ?is purpose he deliv]$ a set ( common places 7= s he calls !m7 :i* 7 to s]ve z s _m m>ks or *>act]s = ! discov]y ( argum5ts1 & f :i* a disc\rse might be aptly fram$ on ei!r side ( a "q4 ,our ,orator !n1 7= ,i am n speak+ ( a m]e s*ool-declaim]1 or a noisy rant] 9 ! ,=um1 b ( a well-accompli%$ & a f9i%$ ,speak]7--our ,orator1 z !re is su* a copi\s v>iety ( common-places1 w exam9e !m all1 & employ ^? :i* suit 8 purpose 9 z g5]al & indef9ite a mann] z 8 cause w p]mit1 & c>efully trace & inve/igate !m to _! inmo/ s\rces4 ,b he w use ! pl5ty be=e him ) discretion1 & weigh+ e ?+ ) ! utmo/ accuracy1 select :at is be/3 = ! /ress ( an argum5t does n always1 & 9 e cause1 dep5d ^u simil> topics4 ,he w1 !re=e1 ex]cise 8 judgm5t2 & n only discov] :at may be said1 b ?or\ghly exam9e ! =ce ( x4 ,= no?+ is m f]tile ?an ! p[]s ( g5ius1 & especially ^? :i* h be5 bless$ ) ! cultivation ( sci5ce4 ,b z a ri* & fruitful soil n only produces corn 9 abundance1 b also we$s to *oak & smo!r x2 s f ! common-places we are speak+ (1 _m argum5ts w arise1 :i* are ei!r trivial1 or =eign to our purpose1 or entirely useless4 ,an ,orator1 !re=e1 %\ld c>efully exam9e ea*1 t he may be able to select ) propriety4 ,o!rwise1 h[ c he enl>ge ^u ^? :i* are mo/ p]t95t1 & dwell ^u su* z m p>ticul>ly affect 8 cause8 ,or h[ c he s(t5 a h>% circum/ance1 or conceal1 & 7if possible7 entirely suppress :at w\ld be deem$ unansw]able1 or /eal (f ! att5tion ( ! he>] to a diff]5t topic8 ,or h[ all$ge ano!r argum5t 9 reply1 :i* %all be /ill m plausible ?an t ( 8 antagoni/8 ,b aft] he has ?us inv5t$ :at is prop] to be said1 ) :at accuracy mu/ he me?odize x8 ,= ?is is ! second ( ! ?ree articles above-m5tion$4 ,accord+ly1 he w give ! portal ( 8 ,h>angue a graceful appe>ance1 & make ! entrance to 8 cause z neat & spl5did z ! importance ( x w p]mit4 ,:5 he has ?us made himself ma/] ( ! he>]'s good wi%es at ! fir/ onset1 he w endeav\r to invalidate :at makes aga9/ him2 & hav+1 by ?is means1 cle>$ 8 way1 8 /ronge/ argum5ts w appe> "s ( !m 9 ! front1 & o!rs at ! close ( 8 disc\rse2 & z to ^? ( m trifl+ consequ5ce1 he w occasionally introduce ,footnote3 ,9 ! ,orig9al x is inculcabit1 he w tread !m 91 7l ! s& or loose du/ 9 a new pavem5t7 to support & /r5g!n ! :ole4 !m "h & !re1 :]e he judges !m likely to be mo/ s]viceable4 ,?us1 !n1 we h giv5 a cursory view ( :at he ought to be1 9 ! two fir/ dep>tm5ts ( ,oratory4 ,b1 z we be=e obs]v$1 ^!1 ?\gh v important 9 _! consequ5ces1 require less art & application4 ,aft] he has ?us inv5t$ :at is prop] to be said1 & 9 :at ord]1 ! greate/ difficulty is /ill beh9d2--namely to consid] h[ he is to say x1 & 9 :at mann]4 ,= ! obs]vation ( our fav\rite ,c>neades is well-kn[n1--,t ,clitoma*us _h a p]petual sam5ess ( s5tim5t1 & ,*>midas a tiresome uni=mity ( expression4 ,b if x is a circum/ance ( s mu* mom5t 9 ,philosophy1 9 :at mann] we express ourselves1 :]e ! matt]1 & n ! language1 is pr9cipally reg>d$2 :at mu/ we ?9k ( public debates1 :i* are :olly rul$ & sway$ by ! p[]s ( ,elocution8 ,accord+ly1 my ,brutus1 ,i am s5sible f y\r lett]s1 t y mean to inquire :at are my notions ( a f9i%$ ,speak]1 n s mu* ) respect to 8 ,inv5tion & ,disposition1 z to 8 tal5ts ( ,elocution3--a sev]e task6 & ! mo/ difficult y c\ld h fix$ ^u6 ,= z language is ev] s(t & yield+1 & s amaz+ly pliable t y may b5d & =m x at y\r pleasure2 s diff]5t natures & dispositions h giv5 rise to diff]5t k9ds ( ,elocution4 ,"s1 = in/ance1 :o place ! *ief m]it ( x 9 x's rapidity1 are mightily pleas$ ) a torr5t ( words1 & a volubility ( expression4 ,o!rs aga9 are bett] pleas$ ) regul>1 & measur$ int]vals1 & frequ5t /ops1 & pauses4 ,:at c be m opposite8 & yet bo? h _! prop] excell5ce4 ,"s also conf9e _! att5tion to ! smoo?ness & equability ( _! p]iods1 & aim at a /yle :i* is p]fectly neat & cle>3 :ile o!rs affect a h>%ness1 & sev]ity ( diction1 & to give a gloomy ca/ to _! language3--& z we h already obs]v$ t "s endeav\r to be n]v\s & maje/ic1 o!rs neat & simple1 & "s to be smoo? & florid1 x necess>ily foll[s t !re mu/ be z _m diff]5t k9ds ( ,orators1 z !re are ( ,eloqu5ce4 ,b z ,i h already enl>g$ ! talk y h impos$ ^u me2--7= ?\gh y\r enquiries relat$ only to ,elocution1 ,i h v5tur$ a few h9ts on ! arts ( ,inv5tion & ,disposition27--,i %all n[ treat n only ( ,elocution1 b ( action4 ,by ?is means1 e "p ( ,oratory w be att5d$ to3 = z to memory1 :i* is common to ?is ) _m o!r arts1 x is entirely out ( ! "q4 ,! ,art ( ,speak+ !n1 s f> z x reg>ds only ! mann] 9 :i* our ?\ghts %\ld be express$1 consi/s 9 action & ,elocution2 = action is ! ,eloqu5ce ( ! body1 & implies ! prop] managem5t ( our voice & ge/ure4 ,z to ! inflexions ( ! voice1 !y are z num]\s z ! v>i\s passions x is capable ( excit+4 ,! f9i%$ ,orator1 !re=e1 :o is ! subject ( ?is ,essay1 9 :atev] mann] he w\ld appe> to be affect$ himself1 & t\* ! he>t ( 8 he>]1 w employ a suitable & correspond+ tone ( voice3--a topic :i* ,i c\ld will+ly enl>ge ^u1 if deliv]+ precepts 0 any "p ( my pres5t design1 or ( y\r reque/4 ,i %\ld likewise h treat$ conc]n+ ge/ure1 ( :i* ! managem5t ( ! c\nt5ance is a mat]ial "p3 = x is sc>cely cr$ible ( :at great importance x is to an ,orator to recomm5d himself by ^! ext]nal accompli%m5ts4 ,= ev5 ^? :o 7 f> f be+ ma/]s ( good language1 h _m times1 by ! sole dignity ( _! action1 reap$ ! fruits ( ,eloqu5ce2 :ile o!rs :o _h ! f9e/ p[]s ( ,elocution1 h too (t51 by ! m]e awkw>dness ( _! deliv]y1 l$ p to imag9e t !y 7 sc>cely able to express !mselves3--s t ,demo/h5es1 ) suffici5t reason1 assign$ ! fir/ place1 & likewise ! second & ?ird to pronunciation4 ,= if ,eloqu5ce )\t ?is is no?+1 b ?is1 ev5 )\t ,eloqu5ce1 has su* a wond]ful efficacy1 x mu/ be all[$ to be> ! pr9cipal sway 9 ! practice ( ,speak+4 ,if an ,orator1 !n1 :o is ambiti\s to w9 ! palm ( ,eloqu5ce1 has any ?+ to deliv] :i* is w>m & cutt+1 let 8 voice be /rong & quick2--if :at is calm & g5tle1 let x be mild & easy2--if :at is grave & s$ate1 let x be cool & settl$2--& if :at is m\rnful & affect+1 let 8 acc5ts be pla9tive & flexible4 ,= ! voice may be rais$ or depress$1 & ext5d$ or contract$ to an a/oni%+ degree2 ?us 9 ,music 7= in/ance7 x's ?ree tones1 ! mean1 ! acute1 & ! grave1 may be s manag$ by art1 z to produce a pleas+ & an inf9ite v>iety ( s\nds4 ,nay1 ev5 9 ,speak+1 !re may be a conceal$ k9d ( music3--n l ! :9+ epilogue ( a ,phrygian or a ,c>ian declaim]1 b su* z 0 int5d$ by ,aes*9es1 & ,demo/h5es1 :5 ! "o upbraids & reproa*es ! o!r ) ! artificial modulations ( 8 voice4 ,demo/h5es1 h[ev]1 says mo/ ^u ?is head1 & (t5 speaks ( 8 accus] z hav+ a sweet & cle> pronunciation4 ,!re is ano!r circum/ance1 :i* may f>!r en=ce our att5tion to ! agreeable managem5t ( ! voice2 = ,nature h]self1 z if %e meant to h>monize ! spee* ( man1 has plac$ an acc5t on e ^w1 & "o acc5t only1 :i* nev] lies f>!r ?an ! ?ird syllable f ! la/4 ,:y1 !re=e1 %\ld we hesitate to foll[ h] example1 & to d our be/ to gratify ! e>8 ,a good voice1 inde$1 ?\gh a desirable accompli%m5t1 is n 9 our p[] to acquire3--b to ex]cise1 & improve x1 is c]ta9ly 9 ! p[] ( e p]son4 ,! ,orator1 !n1 :o means to be ! pr9ce ( 8 pr(ession1 w *ange & v>y 8 voice ) ! mo/ delicate propriety2 & by sometimes rais+1 & sometimes depress+ x1 pursue x gradually ?r\gh all x's diff]5t tones1 & modulations4 ,he w likewise regulate 8 ge/ure1 s z to avoid ev5 a s+le motion :i* is ei!r sup]flu\s or imp]t95t4 ,8 po/ure w be erect & manly3-- he w move f 8 gr\nd b seldom1 & n ev5 !n too precipitately2 & 8 advances w be few & mod]ate4 ,he w practise no langui%+1 no effem9ate airs ( ! head1 no f9ical play+ ( ! f+]s1 no measur$ movem5t ( ! jo9ts4 ,! *ief "p ( 8 ge/ure w consi/ 9 ! firm & graceful sway ( 8 body1 & 9 ext5d+ 8 arm :5 8 argum5ts are press+1 & draw+ x aga9 :5 8 vehem5ce abates4 ,b z to ! c\nt5ance1 :i* next to ! voice has ! greate/ efficacy1 :at dignity & gracefulness is x n capable ( support+6 & :5 y h be5 c>eful t x may nei!r be unmean+1 nor o/5tati\s1 !re is /ill mu* to be left to ! expression ( ! eyes4 ,= if ! c\nt5ance is ! image ( ! m9d1 ! eyes are x's int]pret]s1 ^: degree ( pleasantry or sadness mu/ be proportion$ to ! importance ( our subject4 ,b we are to exhibit ! portrait ( a f9i%$ ,orator1 ^: *ief excell5ce mu/ be suppos$1 f 8 v "n1 to consi/ 9 8 ,elocution2 :ile 8 o!r qualifications 7?\gh equally complete7 are less conspicu\s4 ,= a m]e inv5tor1 a m]e dige/]1 or a m]e actor1 are titles nev] made use ( to comprize ! :ole "*2 b an ,orator d]ives 8 "n1 bo? 9 ,greek & ,lat91 f ! s+le tal5t ( ,elocution4 ,z to 8 o!r qualifications1 e man ( s5se may claim a %>e ( !m3 b ! full p[]s ( language are ex]t$ by himself alone4 ,"s ( ! philosoph]s1 inde$1 h express$ !mselves 9 a v h&some mann]3 = ,!ophra/us d]iv$ 8 "n f ! div9ity ( 8 /yle2 ,ari/otle rivall$ ! glory ( ,isocrates2 & ! ,muses !mselves are said to h spok5 f ! lips ( ,x5ophon2 &1 to say no m1 ! great ,plato is ackn[l$g$ 9 maje/y & sweetness to h f> exce$$ all :o ev] wrote or spoke4 ,b _! language has nei!r ! n]ves nor ! /+ :i* is requir$ 9 ! ,orator's1 :5 he h>angues ! cr[d$ ,=um4 ,!y speak only to ! le>n$1 ^: passions !y r *oose to compose ?an di/urb2 & !y disc\rse ab\t matt]s ( calm & untumultu\s speculation1 m]ely z tea*]s1 & n l eag] antagoni/s3 ?\gh ev5 "h1 :5 !y endeav\r to amuse & delight u1 !y are ?\ght by "s to exce$ ! limits ( _! prov9ce4 ,x w be easy1 !re=e1 to di/+ui% ?is species ( ,elocution f ! ,eloqu5ce we are attempt+ to del9eate4 ,= ! language ( philosophy is g5tle & compos$1 & entirely calculat$ = ! %ady walks ( ! ,academy2--n arm$ ) ^? =cible s5tim5ts1 & rapid turns ( expression1 :i* are suit$ to move ! populace1 nor measur$ by exact numb]s & regul> p]iods1 b easy1 free1 & unconf9$4 ,x has no?+ res5tful belong+ to x1 no?+ invidi\s1 no?+ fi]ce & flam+1 no?+ exagg]at$1 no?+ m>vell\s1 no?+ artful & design+2 b resembles a *a/e1 a ba%ful1 & an unpollut$ virg94 ,we may1 !re=e1 consid] x z a k9d ( polite conv]sation1 r ?an a species ( ,oratory4 ,z to ! ,sophi/s1 :om ,i h already m5tion$1 ! resemblance ought to be m accurately di/+ui%$3 = !y indu/ri\sly pursue ! same fl[]s :i* are us$ by an ,orator 9 ! ,=um4 ,b !y diff] 9 ?is1--t1 z _! pr9cipal aim is n to di/urb ! passions1 b r to allay !m1 & n s mu* to p]suade z to please1--!y attempt ! latt] m op5ly1 & m frequ5tly ?an we d4 ,!y seek = agreeable s5tim5ts1 r ?an probable ones2 !y use m frequ5t digressions1 int]m+le tales & fables1 employ m %ewy metaphors1 & "w !m into _! disc\rses ) z mu* fancy & v>iety z a pa9t] does 8 col\rs2 & !y ab\nd 9 contra/s & anti!ses1 & 9 simil> & correspond+ cad5ces4 ,ne>ly alli$ to ^! is ,hi/ory1 :i* conducts h] n>ratives ) elegance & ease1 & n[ & !n sket*es out a c\ntry1 or a battle4 ,%e likewise div]sifies h] /ory ) %ort spee*es1 & florid h>angues3 b 9 ^!1 only neatness & flu5cy is to be expect$1 & n ! vehem5ce & poignant sev]ity ( an ,orator ,footnote3 ,9 ! ,orig9al x is1--s$ 9 8 tracta qua$am et flu5s expetitur1 nan haec contorta1 et acris ,oratorio2 ^u :i* ,dr4 ,w>d has made ! foll[+ rem>k3--,s5t5ces1 ) respect to _! =m or composition1 are di/+ui%$ into two sorts1 call$ by ,cic]o tracta1 /rait or direct1 & contorta1 b5t or w9d+4 ,by ! =m] are meant su*1 ^: memb]s foll[ ea* o!r 9 a direct ord]1 )\t any inflexion2 & by ! latt]1 ^? :i* /rictly speak+ are call$ p]iods44 ,!re is mu* ! same diff]5ce betwe5 ,eloqu5ce & ,poetry2 = ! ,poets likewise h />t$ ! "q1 ,:at x is :i* di/+ui%es !m f ! ,orators8 ,x 0 =m]ly suppos$ to be _! numb] & metre3 b numb]s are n[ z famili> to ! ,orator1 z to ! ,poet2 = :atev] falls "u ! regulation ( ! e>1 ?\gh x be>s no resemblance to v]se 7:i* 9 ,oratory w\ld be a capital fault7 is call$ numb]1 & by ! ,greeks rhyme4 ,footnote3 ,greek3 ,ru?mos ,9 ! op9ion ( "s1 !re=e1 ! /yle ( ,plato & ,democritus1 on acc\nt ( x's maje/ic fl[1 & ! spl5dor ( x's ornam5ts1 ?\gh x is f> f be+ v]se1 has a ne>] resemblance to poetry ?an ! /yle ( ! ,com$ians1 :o1 except+ _! metre1 h no?+ diff]5t f ! /yle ( conv]sation4 ,metre1 h[ev]1 is f> f be+ ! pr9cipal m]it ( ! ,poets2 ?\gh x is c]ta9ly no small recomm5dation1 t1 :ile !y pursue all ! beauties ( ,eloqu5ce1 ! h>mony ( _! numb]s is f> m regul> & exact4 ,b1 ?\gh ! language ( ,poetry is equally gr& & ornam5tal ) t ( an ,orator1 %e und\bt$ly takes great] lib]ties bo? 9 mak+ & comp\nd+ ^w2 & frequ5tly adm9i/]s to ! pleasure ( h] he>]s1 m by ! pomp & lu/re ( h] expressions1 ?an by ! weight & dignity ( h] s5tim5ts4 ,?\gh judgm5t1 !re=e1 & a prop] *oice ( words1 is alike common to bo?1 yet _! diff]5ce 9 o!r respects is suffici5tly disc]nible3 b if x af=ds any matt] ( d\bt 7z to "s1 p]haps1 x may7 ! discussion ( x is no way necess>y to our pres5t purpose4 ,we are1 !re=e1 to del9eate ! ,orator :o diff]s equally f ! ,eloqu5ce ( ! ,philosoph]1 ! ,sophi/1 ! ,hi/orian1 & ! ,poet4 ,he1 !n1 is truly eloqu5t1 7= aft] him we mu/ se>*1 by ! direction ( ,antonius7 :o 9 ! ,=um1 & 9 public debates1 c s speak1 z to prove1 delight1 & =ce ! passions4 ,to prove1 is a matt] ( necessity3--to delight1 is indisp5sably requisite to engage ! att5tion3--& to =ce ! passions1 is ! sure/ means ( victory2 = ?is contributes m effectually ?an bo? ! o!rs to get a cause decid$ to our wi%es4 ,b z ! duties ( an ,orator1 s ! k9ds ( ,elocution are ?ree4 ,! neat & accurate is us$ 9 prov+2 ! mod]ately florid 9 delight+ apd ! vehem5t & impetu\s 9 =c+ ! passions1 9 :i* alone all ! p[] ( ,eloqu5ce consi/s4 ,great1 !re=e1 mu/ be ! judgm5t1 & wond]ful ! tal5ts ( ! man1 :o c prop]ly conduct1 &1 z x 71 temp] ?is ?reefold v>iety3 = he w at once det]m9e :at is suitable to e case2 & be always able to express himself z ! nature ( 8 subject may require4 ,discretion1 !re=e1 is ! basis ( ,eloqu5ce1 z well z ( e o!r accompli%m5t4 ,=1 z 9 ! conduct ( life1 s 9 ! practice ( ,speak+1 no?+ is m difficult ?an to ma9ta9 a propriety ( "*4 ,?is is call$ by ! ,greeks ,greek3 to prepon1 ! becom+1 b we %all call x decorum2--a subject :i* has be5 excell5tly & v copi\sly canvass$1 & ri*ly m]its our att5tion4 ,an unacqua9tance ) ?is has be5 ! s\rce ( innum]able errors1 n only 9 ! bus9ess ( life1 b 9 ,poetry & ,eloqu5ce4 ,an ,orator1 !re=e1 %\ld exam9e :at is becom+1 z well 9 ! turn ( 8 language1 z 9 t ( 8 s5tim5ts4 ,= n e condition1 n e rank1 n e "*1 nor e age1 or place1 or "t1 nor e he>] is to be treat$ ) ! same inv>iable tra9 ei!r ( s5tim5t or expression3--b we %\ld always consid] 9 e "p ( a public ,oration1 z well z ( life1 :at w be mo/ becom+1--a circum/ance :i* naturally dep5ds on ! nature ( ! subject1 & ! respective *>act]s ( ! ,speak] & ,he>]4 ,philosoph]s1 !re=e1 h c>efully discuss$ ?is ext5sive & important topic 9 ! doctr9e ( ,e?ics1 7?\gh n1 inde$1 :5 !y treat ( "r & wrong1 because ^? are inv>iably ! fame37--nor is x less att5d$ to by ! ,critics 9 _! poetical ,essays1 or by m5 ( ,eloqu5ce 9 e species & e "p ( _! public debates4 ,= :at w\ld be m out ( "*1 ?an to use a l(ty /yle1 & ransack e topic ( argum5t1 :5 we are speak+ only ( a petty trespass 9 "s inf]ior c\rt8 ,or1 on ! o!r h&1 to desc5d to any pu]ile subtilties1 & speak ) ! indiff]5ce & simplicity ( a frivol\s n>rative1 :5 we are la%+ treason & rebellion8 ,"h1 ! indecorum w\ld arise f ! v nature & quality ( ! subject3 b o!rs are equally guilty ( x1 by n adapt+ _! disc\rse ei!r to _! own *>act]s1 or to t ( _! he>]s1 &1 9 "s cafes1 to t ( _! antagoni/s2 & !y ext5d ! fault n only to _! s5tim5ts1 b to ! turn ( _! expression4 ,x is true1 inde$1 t ! =ce ( language is a m]e no?+1 :5 x is n support$ by a prop] solidity ( s5tim5t3 b x is also equally true t ! same ?+ w be ei!r approv$ or reject$1 accord+ z x is ?is or t way express$4 ,9 all cases1 !re=e1 we _c be too c>eful 9 exam9+ ! h[ f>8 = ?\gh e ?+ has x's prop] mean1 yet an excess is always m (f5sive & disgu/+ ?an a proportionable defect4 ,apelles1 !re=e1 ju/ly c5sures "s ( 8 cotempor>y arti/s1 because !y nev] knew :5 !y _h p]=m$ en\gh4 ,?is1 my ,brutus1 z y\r long acqua9tance ) x mu/ necess>ily in=m y1 is a copi\s subject1 & w\ld require an ext5sive volume to discuss4 ,b x is suffici5t to our pres5t purpose to obs]ve1 t 9 all our words & actions1 z well ! smalle/ z ! greate/1 !re is a some?+ :i* w appe> ei!r becom+ or unbecom+1 & t almo/ e "o is s5sible ( x's conflu5ce4 ,b :at is becom+1 & :at ought to be1 are v diff]5t consid]ations1 & belong to a diff]5t topic3--= ! ought to be po9ts out ! p]fection ( duty1 :i* %\ld be att5d$ to ^u all occasions1 & by all p]sons3 b ! becom+ d5otes t :i* is m]ely prop]1 & suit$ to "t & "*1 :i* is ( great importance n only 9 our actions & language1 b 9 our v looks1 our ge/ure1 & our walk2 & t :i* is contr>y to x w always be unbecom+1 & disagreeable4 ,if ! ,poet1 !re=e1 c>efully gu>ds aga9/ any impropriety ( ! k9d1 & is always condemn$ z guilty ( a fault1 :5 he puts ! language ( a wor?y man into ! m\? ( a ruffian1 or t ( a wife man into ! m\? ( a fool3--if1 moreov]1 ! arti/ :o pa9t$ ! sacrifice ( ,iphig5ia1 ,footnote3 ,agamemnon1 "o ( ! ,grecian *iefs1 hav+ by accid5t sla9 a de] belong+ to ,diana1 ! ,goddess 0 s enrag$ at ?is pr(anation ( h] hon\rs1 t %e kept him w9d-b\nd at ,aulis ) ! :ole fleet4 ,"u ?is heavy disa/]1 hav+ rec\rse to ! ,oracle1 7_! usual refuge 9 su* cases7 !y 7 in=m$ t ! only atonem5t :i* ! angry ,goddess w\ld accept1 0 ! sacrifice ( "o ( ! (f5d]'s *ildr54 ,ulysses hav+1 by a /ratagem1 )drawn ,iphig5ia f h] "m = t purpose1 ! unhappy ,virg9 0 br\ght to ! alt>4 ,b1 z ! /ory goes1 ! ,goddess rel5t+ at h] h>d fate1 sub/itut$ a de] 9 h] /ead1 & convey$ h] away to s]ve h] z a ,prie/ess4 ,x mu/ be f>!r rem>k$ t ,m5elaus 0 ! ,virg9's uncle1 & ,cal*as ! ,prie/ :o 0 to (ficiate at ?is horrid sacrifice4 c\ld see t ,*alcas %\ld appe> greatly conc]n$1 ,ulysses /ill m s1 & ,m5elaus ba!d 9 te>s1 b t ! head ( ,agamemnon 7! virg9's fa!r7 %\ld be cov]$ ) 8 robe1 to intimate a degree ( angui% :i* no p5cil c\ld express3 la/ly1 if a m]e actor on ! /age is ev] cauti\s to keep up ! "* he appe>s 91 :at mu/ be done by ! ,orator8 ,b z ?is is a matt] ( su* importance1 let him consid] at 8 leisure1 :at is prop] to be done 9 p>ticul> causes1 & 9 _! sev]al p>ts & divisions3--= x is suffici5tly evid5t1 n only t ! diff]5t p>ts ( an ,oration1 b t entire causes ought to be manag$1 "s 9 "o mann]1 & "s 9 ano!r4 ,we mu/ n[ proce$ to del9eate ! =m & "* ( ea* ( ! ?ree species ( ,eloqu5ce above-m5tion$2 a great & an ardu\s talk1 z ,i h already obs]v$ m ?an once2 ,b we %\ld h consid]$ ! difficulty ( ! voyage be=e we emb>k$3 = n[ we h v5tur$ to set sail1 we mu/ run boldly be=e ! w9d1 :e!r we rea* our port or n4 ,! fir/ "*1 !n1 to be describ$1 is ! ,orator :o1 accord+ to "s1 is ! only "o t has any j pret5sions to ,atticism4 ,he is di/+ui%$ by 8 mode/ simplicity2 & z he imitates ! language ( conv]sation1 he diff]s f ^? :o are /rang]s to ,eloqu5ce1 r 9 reality ?an 9 appe>ance4 ,= ?is reason1 ^? :o he> him1 ?\gh totally unskill$ 9 ! art ( ,speak+1 are apt to p]suade !mselves t !y c readily disc\rse 9 ! same mann] ,footnote3 ,!re is a pretty rem>k to ! same purpose 9 ! fifte5? numb] ( ,! ,gu>dian1 :i*1 z x may s]ve to illu/rate ! obs]vation ( ,cic]o1 ,i %all beg leave to ins]t4 ,f :at ,i h advanc$1 x appe>s h[ difficult x is to write easily4 ,b :5 easy writ+s fall into ! h&s ( an ord9>y read]1 !y appe> to him s natural & unlab\r$1 t he imm$iately resolves to write1 & fancies t all he has to d is to take no pa9s4 ,?us he ?9ks inde$ simply1 b ! ?\ghts n be+ *os5 ) judgm5t1 are n beautiful4 ,he1 x is true1 expresses himself pla9ly1 b flatly )al4 ,aga91 if a man ( vivacity takes x into 8 head to write ?is way1 :at self-d5ial mu/ he und]go1 :5 bright po9ts ( wit occur to 8 fancy8 ,h[ difficult w he f9d x to reject florid phrases1 & pretty embelli%m5ts ( /yle8 ,s true x is1 t simplicity ( all ?+s is ! h>de/ to be copi$1 & case to be acquir$ ) ! greate/ lab\r42--& ! unaffect$ simplicity ( 8 language appe>s v imitable to an ignorant obs]v]2 ?\gh no?+ w be f\nd less s by him :o makes ! trial4 ,=1 if ,i may s express myself1 ?\gh 8 ve9s are n ov]-/ock$ ) blood1 8 juices mu/ be f\nd & good2 & ?\gh he is n possess$ ( any extraord9>y /r5g?1 he mu/ h a heal?y con/itution4 ,= ?is purpose1 we mu/ fir/ release him f ! %ackles ( numb]2 = !re is 7y "k7 a k9d ( numb] to be obs]v$ by an ,orator1 :i* we %all treat ( 9 ! sequel3--b ?is is to be us$ 9 a diff]5t species ( ,eloqu5ce1 & to be rel9qui%$ 9 ! pres5t4 ,8 language1 !re=e1 mu/ be free & unconf9$1 b n loose & irregul>1 t he may appe> to walk at ease1 )\t reel+ or tott]+4 ,he w n be at ! pa9s to cem5t ^w to ^w ) a scrupul\s exactness3 = ^? breaks :i* are made by a collision ( v[els1 h n[ & !n an agreeable effect1 & betray ! n unpleas+ neglig5ce ( a man :o is m felicit\s ab\t ?+s ?an words4 ,b ?\gh he is n to lab\r at a measur$ fl[1 & a ma/]ly arrangem5t ( 8 words1 he mu/ be c>eful 9 o!r respects4 ,= ev5 ^! limit$ & unaspir+ tal5ts are n to be employ$ c>elessly1 b ) a k9d ( indu/ri\s neglig5ce3 = z "s females are mo/ becom+ 9 a di%abille1 s ?is artless k9d ( ,eloqu5ce has h] *>ms1 ?\gh %e appe>s 9 an undress4 ,!re is some?+ 9 bo? :i* r5d]s !m agreeable1 )\t /rik+ ! eye4 ,"h1 !re=e1 all ! glitt] ( ornam5t1 l t ( jewels & diamonds1 mu/ be laid aside2 nor mu/ we apply ev5 ! crisp+-iron to adju/ ! hair4 ,!re mu/ be no col\r+1 no artful wa%es to height5 ! complexion3 b elegance & neatness mu/ be our only aim4 ,our /yle muft be pure1 & correct2--we mu/ speak ) cle>ness & p]spicuity2 --& be always att5tive to appe> 9 "*4 ,!re is "o ?+1 h[ev]1 :i* mu/ nev] be omitt$1 & :i* is reckon$ by ,!ophra/us to be "o ( ! *ief beauties ( composition2--,i mean t sweet & fl[+ ornam5t1 a pl5tiful int]mixture ( lively s5tim5ts1 :i* seem to result f a natural fund ( good s5se1 & are peculi>ly graceful 9 ! ,orator we are n[ describ+4 ,b he w be v mod]ate 9 us+ ! furniture ( ,eloqu5ce3 = 7if ,i may be all[$ su* an expression7 !re is a species ( furniture belong+ to u1 :i* consi/s 9 ! v>i\s ornam5ts ( s5tim5t & language4 ,! ornam5ts ( language are two-fold2 ! "o sort relates to words z !y /& s+ly1 & ! o!r z !y are connect$ toge!r4 ,a s+le ^w 7,i speak ( ^? :i* are prop]1 & 9 common use7 is !n said to be well *os51 :5 x f\nds agreeably1 & is ! be/ :i* c\ld h be5 tak5 to express our mean+4 ,among borr[$ & translatiti\s ,footnote3 ,words :i* are transf]r$ f _! primitive mean+ to a metaphorical "o4 words1 7or ^? :i* are n us$ 9 _! prop] s5se7 we may reckon ! metaphor1 ! metonymy1 & ! re/ ( ! tropes2 z also comp\nd$ & new-made words1 & su* z are obsolete & out ( date2 b obsolete words %\ld r be consid]$ z prop] ones1 ) ?is only diff]5ce1 t we seldom make use ( !m4 ,z to words 9 connection1 ^! also may be consid]$ z ornam5tal1 :5 !y h a c]ta9 gracefulness :i* w\ld be de/roy$ by *ang+ _! ord]1 ?\gh ! mean+ w\ld /ill rema9 ! same4 ,= z to ! ornam5ts ( s5tim5t1 :i* lose no?+ ( _! beauty1 by v>y+ ! position ( ! words1--^!1 inde$1 are v num]\s1 ?\gh only a few ( !m are rem>kably /rik+4 ,! ,orator1 !n1 :o is di/+ui%$ by ! simplicity ( 8 mann]1 provid$ he is correct & elegant1 w be sp>+ 9 ! use ( new words2 easy & mode/ 9 8 metaphors2 & v cauti\s 9 ! use ( words :i* are antiquat$2--& z to ! o!r ornam5ts ( language & s5tim5t1 "h also he w be equally pla9 & res]v$4 ,b 9 ! use ( metaphors1 he w1 p]haps1 take great] lib]ties2 because ^! are frequ5tly introduc$ 9 conv]sation1 n only by ,g5tlem51 b ev5 by ru/ics1 & peasants3 = we (t5 he> !m say t ! v9e %oots out x's buds1 t ! fields are ?ir/y1 ! corn lively1 & ! gra9 ri* & fl\ri%+4 ,su* expressions1 inde$1 are r bold3 b ! resemblance betwe5 ! metaphor & ! object is ei!r rem>kably obvi\s2 or else1 :5 ! latt] has no prop] "n to express x1 ! metaphor is s f> f appe>+ to be lab\r$1 t we seem to use x m]ely to expla9 our mean+4 ,?is1 !re=e1 is an ornam5t 9 :i* our artless ,orator may indulge himself m freely2 b n s op5ly z 9 ! m diffusive & l(ty species ( ,eloqu5ce4 ,= t indecorum1 :i* is be/ und]/ood by comp>+ x ) its opposite quality1 w ev5 "h be viable :5 a metaphor is too conspicu\s2--or :5 ?is simple & dispassionate sort ( language is int]rupt$ by a bold ornam5t1 :i* w\ld h be5 prop] en\gh 9 a diff]5t k9d ( ,elocution4 ,z to t sort ( ornam5t :i* reg>ds ! position ( words1 & embelli%es x ) ^? /udi$ graces1 :i* are consid]$ by ! ,greeks z s _m attitudes ( language1 & are !re=e call$ figures1 7a "n :i* is likewise ext5d$ to ! fl[]s ( s5tim5t27--! ,orator be=e u1 :o may ju/ly be reg>d$ z an ,attic ,speak]1 provid$ ! title is n conf9$ to him1 w make use ev5 ( ?is1 ?\gh ) great caution & mod]ation4 ,he w conduct himself z if he 0 sett+ out an ent]ta9m5t1 & :ile he c>efully avoids a spl5did magnific5ce1 he w n only be pla9 & frugal1 b neat & elegant1 & make 8 *oice accord+ly4 ,= !re is a k9d ( g5teel p>simony1 by :i* 8 "* is di/+ui%$ f t ( o!rs4 ,he w1 !re=e1 avoid ! m conspicu\s ornam5ts above- m5tion$1 su* z ! contract+ ^w to ^w1--! conclud+ ! sev]al memb]s ( a s5t5ce ) ! same cad5ce1 or conf9+ !m to ! same measure1--& all ! /udi$ prett9ess :i* are =m$ by ! *ange ( a lett]1 or an artful play ( f\nd2--t1 if possible1 !re may n be ! slighte/ appe>ance1 or ev5 suspicion1 ( a design to please4 ,z to ^? repetitions :i* require an e>ne/ & =cible ex]tion ( ! voice1 ^! also w\ld be equally out ( "* 9 ?is l[] species ( ,eloqu5ce2 b he may use ! o!r ornam5ts ( ,elocution at 8 pleasure1 provid$ he *ecks & int]rupts ! fl[ ( 8 language1 & s(t5s x (f by us+ famili> expressions1 & su* metaphors z are pla9 & obvi\s4 ,nay1 ev5 z to ! figures ( s5tim5t1 he may sometimes indulge himself 9 ^? :i* are n rem>kably bold & /rik+4 ,?us1 = in/ance1 we mu/ n all[ him to introduce ! ,republic z speak+1 nor to fet* up ! dead f _! graves1 nor to cr[d a multitude ( ideas into ! same p]iod4 ,^! ef=ts dem& a firm] con/itution1 & %\ld be nei!r requir$ nor expect$ f ! simple ,orator be=e u2 = z 9 8 voice1 s likewise 9 8 language1 he %\ld be ev] easy & compos$4 ,b !re are _m ( ! nobl] ornam5ts :i* may be admitt$ ev5 "h1 ?\gh always 9 a pla9] & m artless habit ?an 9 any o!r species ( ,eloqu5ce2 = su* is ! "* we h assign$ him4 ,8 ge/ure also w be nei!r pomp\s1 nor !atrical1 b consi/ 9 a mod]ate & easy sway ( ! body1 & d]ive mu* ( x's efficacy f ! c\nt5ance1--n a /iff & affect$ c\nt5ance1 b su* a "o z h&somely corresponds ) 8 s5tim5ts4 ,?is k9d ( ,oratory w likewise be frequ5tly enliv5$ by ^? turns ( wit & pleasantry1 :i* 9 ,speak+ h a mu* great] effect ?an is imag9$4 ,!re are two sorts ( !m2 ! "o consi/+ 9 sm>t say+s & quick rep>tees1 & ! o!r 9 :at is call$ hum\r4 ,our ,orator w make use ( bo?2--( ! latt] 9 8 n>ratives1 to make !m lively & ent]ta9+2--& ( ! o!r1 ei!r 9 giv+ or retort+ a /roke ( ridicule1 ( :i* !re are sev]al k9ds2 b at pres5t x is n our bus9ess to specify !m4 ,x w n be amiss1 h[ev]1 to obs]ve by way ( caution1 t ! p[]s ( ridicule are n to be employ$ too (t51 le/ we s9k into scurrility2--nor 9 loose & indec5t language1 le/ we deg5]ate into wantonness & buffoon]y2 --nor ) ! lea/ degree ( petulance & abuse1 le/ we appe> audaci\s & ill-br$2--nor levell$ aga9/ ! un=tunate1 le/ we incur ! c5sure ( inhumanity2--nor aga9/ atroci\s crimes1 le/ we raise a laugh :]e we ought to excite abhorr5ce2--nor1 9 ! la/ place1 %\ld !y be us$ unseasonably1 or :5 ! *>act]s ei!r ( ! ,speak]1 or ! ,he>]1 & ! circum/ances ( "t & place =bid x2--o!rwise we %\ld grossly fail 9 t decorum ( :i* we h already said s mu*4 ,we %\ld likewise avoid all affect$ witticisms1 :i* appe> n to be ?r[n out occasionally1 b to be dragg$ f ! closet2 = su* are g5]ally cold & insipid4 ,x is also improp] to je/ ^u our fri5ds1 or ^u p]sons ( quality1 or to give any /rokes ( wit :i* may appe> ill-natur$1 or malici\s4 ,we %\ld aim only at our enemies2 & ev5 at ^!1 n ^u e occasion1 or )\t any di/9ction ( "*1 or ) ! same inv>iable turn ( ridicule4 ,"u ^! re/rictions our artless ,orator w play (f 8 wit & hum\r1 z ,i h nev] se5 x done by any ( ! mod]n pret5d]s to ,atticism1 ?\gh !y _c d5y t ?is is entirely 9 ! ,attic ta/e4 ,su*1 !n1 is ! idea :i* ,i h =m$ ( a simple & an easy ,speak]1 :o is likewise a v ma/]ly "o1 & a g5u9e ,a!nian2 = :atev] is sm>t & p]t95t is unque/ionably ,attic1 ?\gh "s ( ! ,attic ,speak]s 7 n rem>kable = _! wit4 ,lysias1 inde$1 & ,hyp]ides 7 suffici5tly s2 & ,demades1 x is said1 0 m s ?an all ! o!rs4 ,demo/h5es1 h[ev]1 is ?\ght by _m to h b little m]it ( ! k9d2 b to me no?+ c be m g5teel ?an he is2 ?\gh1 p]haps1 he 0 r sm>t ?an hum\r\s4 ,! "o requires a quick] g5ius1 b ! o!r m art & address4 ,b !re is a second "*1 :i* is m diffusive1 & some:at /rong] ?an ! simple & artless1 "o we h be5 describ+1--?\gh consid]ably inf]ior to t copi\s & all-comm&+ ,eloqu5ce we %all notice 9 ! sequel4 ,9 ?is1 ?\gh !re is b a mod]ate ex]tion ( ! n]ves & s9ews ( ,oratory1 !re is abundance ( melody & sweetness4 ,x is mu* full] & ri*] ?an ! close & accurate /yle above-m5tion$2 b less elevat$ ?an ! pomp\s & diffusive4 ,9 ?is all ! ornam5ts ( language may be employ$ )\t res]ve2 & "h ! fl[ ( our numb]s is ev] s(t & h>moni\s4 ,_m ( ! ,greeks h pursu$ x ) success3 b1 9 my op9ion1 !y mu/ all yield ! palm to ,demetrius ,phal]eus1 ^: ,eloqu5ce is ev] mild & placid1 & bespangl$ ) a mo/ elegant v>iety ( metaphors & o!r tropes1 l s _m />s4 ,by metaphors1 z ,i h frequ5tly obs]v$1 ,i mean expressions :i*1 ei!r = ! sake ( ornam5t1 or ?r\gh ! natural pov]ty ( our language1 are remov$ & z x 7 transplant$ f _! prop] objects to o!rs1 by way ( similitude4 ,z to tropes 9 g5]al1 !y are p>ticul> =ms ( expression1 9 :i* ! prop] "n ( a ?+ is suppli$ by ano!r1 :i* conveys ! same mean+1 b is borr[$ f its adjuncts or effects3 =1 ?\gh1 9 ?is case1 !re is a k9d ( metaphor1 7because ! ^w is %ift$ f its prim>y object7 yet ! remove is p]=m$ by ,ennius 9 a diff]5t mann]1 :5 he says metaphorically1--,y b]eave ! citadel & ! city ( _! (fspr+1--f :at x w\ld h be51 if he _h put ! citadel alone = ! :ole /ate3 & ?us aga91 :5 he tells u t1--rugg$ ,africa 0 %ak5 by a dreadful tumult1--he puts ,africa = ! inhabitants4 ,! ,rhetoricians call ?is an ,hypallage1 because "o ^w is sub/itut$ = ano!r3 b ! ,gramm>ians call x a ,metonymy1 because ! words are %ift$ & int]*ang$4 ,ari/otle1 h[ev]1 subjo9s x to ! metaphor1 z he likewise does ! ,abuse or ,cata*resis2 by :i*1 = in/ance1 we say a n>r[1 contract$ s\l1 in/ead ( a mean "o1 & ?us /eal an expression :i* has a k9dr$ mean+ ) ! prop] "o1 ei!r = ! sake ( ornam5t or dec5cy4 ,:5 sev]al metaphors are connect$ toge!r 9 a regul> *a91 ! =m ( speak+ is v>i$4 ,! ,greeks call ?is an ,allegory1 :i* inde$ is prop] en\gh if we only att5d to ! etymology2 b if we mean to ref] x to its p>ticul> g5us or k9d1 he has done bett] :o compreh5ds ! :ole "u ! g5]al "n ( metaphors4 ,^!1 h[ev]1 are frequ5tly us$ by ,phal]eus1 & h a s(t & pleas+ effect3 b ?\gh he ab\nds 9 ! metaphor1 he also makes use ( ! o!r tropes ) z mu* fre$om z any writ] :atev]4 ,?is species ( ,eloqu5ce 7,i mean ! middl+1 or temp]ate7 is likewise embelli%$ ) all ! brilliant figures ( language1 & _m ( ! figures ( s5tim5t4 ,by ?is1 moreov]1 ! mo/ ext5sive & ref9$ topics ( sci5ce are h&somely unfold$1 & all ! weapons ( argum5t are employ$ )\t viol5ce4 ,b :at ne$ h ,i to say m8 ,su* ,speak]s are ! common (fspr+ ( ,philosophy2 & 7 ! n]v\s1 & m /rik+ ,orator to keep out ( sight1 ^! alone w\ld fully answ] our wi%es4 ,= !y are ma/]s ( a brilliant1 a florid1 a picturesque1 & a well-wr\ght ,elocution1 :i* is int]wov5 ) all ! beautiful embroid]y bo? ( language & s5tim5t4 ,?is "* fir/ /ream$ f ! limpid f\nta9s ( ! ,sophi/s into ! ,=um2 b be+ aft]w>ds despis$ by ! m simple & ref9$ k9d ( ,speak]s1 & disda9fully reject$ by ! n]v\s & weighty2 x 0 compell$ to subside into ! peaceful & unaspir+ m$iocrity we are speak+ (4 ,! ?ird "* is ! ext5sive1--! copi\s1--! n]v\s1--! maje/ic ,orator1 :o possesses ! p[]s ( ,elocution 9 _! full ext5t4 ,?is is ! man ^: en*ant+ & diffusive language is s mu* admir$ by li/5+ nations1 t !y h tamely suff]$ ,eloqu5ce to rule ! _w2--b an ,eloqu5ce ^: c\rse is rapid & sonor\s6--an ,eloqu5ce :i* e "o gazes at1 & admires1 & despairs to equal6 ,?is is ! ,eloqu5ce t b5ds & sways ! passions6--?is ! ,eloqu5ce t al>ms or soo?s !m at h] pleasure6 ,?is is ! ,eloqu5ce t sometimes te>s up all be=e x l a :irlw9d2 &1 at o!r times1 /eals imp]ceptibly ^u ! s5ses1 & probes to ! bottom ( ! he>t6--! ,eloqu5ce :i* +rafts op9ions t are new1 & eradicates ! old2 b yet is widely diff]5t f ! two *>act]s ( ,speak+ be=e-m5tion$4 ,he :o ex]ts himself 9 ! simple & accurate "*1 & speaks neatly & sm>tly )\t aim+ any high]6--he1 by ?is alone1 if c>ri$ to p]fection1 becomes a great1 if n ! greate/ ( ,orators2 nor does he walk ^u slipp]y gr\nd1 s t if he has b le>n$ to tread firm1 he is 9 no dang] ( fall+4 ,also ! middle k9d ( ,orator1 :o is di/+ui%$ by 8 equability1 provid$ he only draws up 8 =ces to advantage1 fe>s n ! p]il\s & d\btful haz>ds ( a public ,h>angue2 &1 ?\gh sometimes he may n succe$ to 8 wi%es1 yet he is nev] expos$ to an absolute defeat2 = z he nev] so>s1 8 fall mu/ be inconsid]able4 ,b ! ,orator1 :om we reg>d z ! pr9ce ( 8 pr(ession1--! n]v\s1--! fi]ce1--! flam+ ,orator1 if he is born = ?is alone1 & only practices & applies himself to ?is1 )\t temp]+ 8 copi\sness ) ! two inf]ior *>act]s ( ,eloqu5ce1 is ( all o!rs ! mo/ contemptible4 ,= ! pla9 & simple ,orator1 z speak+ acutely & exp]tly1 has an appe>ance ( wisdom & good-s5se2 & ! middle k9d ( ,orator is suffici5tly recomm5d$ by 8 sweetness3--b ! copi\s & diffusive ,speak]1 if he has no o!r qualification1 w sc>cely appe> to be 9 8 s5ses4 ,= he :o c say no?+ calmly1--no?+ g5tly--no?+ me?odically1 --no?+ cle>ly1 di/9ctly1 or hum\r\sly1 7?\gh a numb] ( causes %\ld be s manag$ ?r\gh\t1 & o!rs 9 "o or m ( _! p>ts37--he1 moreov]1 :o proce$s to amplify & exagg]ate )\t prep>+ ! att5tion ( 8 audi5ce1 w appe> to rave be=e m5 ( und]/&+1 & to vap\r l a p]son intoxicat$ be=e ! sob] & s$ate4 ,?us !n1 my ,brutus1 we h at la/ discov]$ ! f9i%$ ,orator we are seek+ =3 b we h caught him 9 imag9ation only2--= if ,i c\ld h seiz$ him ) my h&s1 n all 8 ,eloqu5ce %\ld p]suade me to release him4 ,we h at l5g?1 h[ev]1 discov]$ ! eloqu5t ,speak]1 :om ,antonius nev] saw4--,b :o1 !n1 is he8--,i w comprize 8 "* 9 a few words1 & aft]w>ds unfold x m at l>ge4--,he1 !n1 is an ,orator inde$6 :o c speak ^u trivial subjects ) simplicity & art1 ^u weighty ones ) en]gy & pa?os1 & ^u ^? ( middl+ import ) calmness & mod]ation4 ,y w tell me1 p]haps1 t su* a ,speak] has nev] exi/$4 ,be x s3--= ,i am n[ disc\rs+ n ^u :at ,i h se51 b ^u :at ,i c\ld wi% to see2 & mu/ !re=e recur to t prim>y semblance or ideal =m ( ,plato :i* ,i h m5tion$ be=e1 & :i*1 ?\gh x _c be se5 ) our bodily eyes1 may be compreh5d$ by ! p[]s ( imag9ation4 ,= ,i am n seek+ aft] a liv+ ,orator1 or aft] any ?+ :i* is mortal & p]i%+1 b aft] t :i* conf]s a "r to ! title ( eloqu5t2 9 o!r words1 ,i am seek+ aft] ,eloqu5ce h]self1 :o c be disc]n$ only by ! eye ( ! m9d4 ,he !n is truly an ,orator1 7,i aga9 repeat x17 :o c speak ^u trivial subjects ) simplicity1 ^u indiff]5t ones ) mod]ation1 & ^u weighty subjects ) en]gy & pa?os4 ,footnote3 ,our ,au?or is n[ go+ to indulge himself 9 ! ,egotism1--a figure1 :i*1 ^u _m occasions1 he uses z freely z any ( ! figures ( ,rhetoric4 ,h[ ! ,read] w reli% x1 ,i "k n2 b x is evid5t f :at foll[s1 & f ano!r passage ( ! same k9d fur!r on1 t ,cic]o _h z great a v5]ation = 8 own tal5ts z any man liv+4 ,8 m]it1 h[ev]1 0 s uncommon bo? z a ,/atesman1 a ,philosoph]1 & an ,orator1 & he has oblig$ po/]ity ) s _m useful & amaz+ productions ( g5ius1 t we ought 9 gratitude to =give ! vanity ( ! man4 ,al?\gh he has ornam5t$ ! socket 9 :i* he has set 8 "*1 ) an extravagant 7& ,i _h almo/ said ridicul\s7 pr(usion ( self-applause1 x mu/ be rememb]$ t ! diamond x conta9s is a gem ( ine/imable value4 ,! cause ,i plead$ = ,caec9a relat$ entirely to ! b>e lett] ( ! ,int]dict3 "h1 !re=e1 ,i expla9$ :at 0 intricate by a def9ition1--spoke 9 praise ( ! ,civil ,law1--& dissolv$ ! ambiguities :i* emb>rass$ ! mean+ ( ! ,/atute4--,9 recomm5d+ ! ,manilian ,law1 ,i 0 to blazon ! "* ( ,pompey1 & !re=e indulg$ myself 9 all t v>iety ( ornam5t :i* is peculi> to ! second species ( ,eloqu5ce4 ,9 ! cause ( ,rabirius1 z ! hon\r ( ! ,republic 0 at /ake1 ,i blaz$ =? 9 e species ( amplification4 ,b ^! *>act]s are sometimes to be int]m+l$ & div]sifi$4 ,:i* ( !m1 !re=e1 is n to be met ) 9 my sev5 ,invectives aga9/ ,v]res8 or 9 ! cause ( ,habitus8 or 9 t ( ,cornelius8 or inde$ 9 mo/ ( my ,def5ces8 ,i w\ld h specifi$ ! p>ticul> examples1 did ,i n believe !m to be suffici5tly kn[n2 or1 at lea/1 v easy to be discov]$ by ^? :o w take ! tr\ble to seek = !m4 ,= !re is no?+ :i* c recomm5d an ,orator 9 ! diff]5t *>act]s ( speak+1 b :at has be5 exemplifi$ 9 my ,orations1--if n to p]fection1 yet at lea/ x has be5 attempt$1 & fa9tly del9eat$4 ,i h n1 inde$1 ! vanity to ?9k ,i h arriv$ at ! summit2 b ,i c easily disc]n :at ,eloqu5ce ought to be4 ,= ,i am n to speak ( myself1 b to att5d to my subject2 & s f> am ,i f admir+ my own productions1 t1 on ! contr>y1 ,i am s nice & difficult1 z n to be entirely satisfi$ ) ,demo/h5es himself1 :o1 ?\gh he rises ) sup]ior em95ce 9 e species ( ,eloqu5ce1 does n always fill my e>2--s eag] is x1 & s insatiable1 z to be ev] covet+ :at is b\ndless & imm5se4 ,b z1 by ! assi/ance ( ,pamm5es1 :o is v fond ( t ,orator1 y made y\rself ?or\ghly acqua9t$ ) him :5 y 0 at ,a!ns1 & to ?is day sc>cely ev] "p ) him f y\r h&s1 & yet frequ5tly condesc5d to p]use :at has be5 writt5 by me2 y mu/ c]ta9ly h tak5 notice t he ha? done mu*1 & t ,i h attempt$ mu*1--t he has be5 happy en\gh1 & ,i will+ en\gh to speak1 ^u e occasion1 z ! nature ( ! subject requir$4 ,b he1 beyond dispute1 0 a consummate ,orator2 = he n only succe$$ sev]al em95t ,speak]s1 b _h _m su* = 8 cotempor>ies3--& ,i also1 if ,i c\ld h rea*$ ! p]fection ,i aim$ at1 %\ld h made no despicable figure 9 a city1 :]e 7accord+ to ,antonius7 ! voice ( g5u9e ,eloqu5ce 0 nev] he>d4 ,b if to ,antonius nei!r ,crassus1 nor ev5 himself1 appe>$ to be eloqu5t1 we may presume t nei!r ,cotta1 ,sulpicius1 nor ,hort5sius w\ld h succe$$ any bett]4 ,= ,cotta _h no expansion1 ,sulpicius no temp]1 & ,hort5sius too little dignity4 ,b ! two =m] 7,i mean ,crassus & ,antonius7 _h a capacity :i* 0 bett] adapt$ to e species ( ,oratory4 ,i _h1 !re=e1 to address myself to ! e>s ( a city :i* _h nev] be5 fill$ by t multif>i\s & ext5sive ,eloqu5ce we are disc\rs+ (2 & ,i fir/ allur$ !m 7let me h be5 :at y please1 or :at ev] 7 my tal5ts7 to an incr$ible desire ( he>+ ! f9i%$ ,speak] :o is ! subject ( ! pres5t ,essay4 ,= ) :at acclamations did ,i deliv] t passage 9 my y\? conc]n+ ! puni%m5t ( p>ricides ,footnote3 ,^? unnatural & infam\s wret*es1 among ! ,romans1 7 s[n into a lea!rn sack1 & ?us ?r[n into ! sea2 to intimate t !y 7 unwor?y ( hav+ ! lead communication ) ! common elem5ts ( wat]1 e>?1 & air41 ?\gh ,i 0 aft]w>ds s5sible x 0 too w>m & extravagant8 --,:at is s common1 said ,i1 z air to ! liv+1 e>? to ! dead1 ! sea to float+ corpses1 & ! %ore to ^? :o are caft ^u x by ! waves6 ,b ^! wret*es1 z long z life rema9s1 s live z n to brea! ! air ( heav52--!y s p]i%1 t _! limbs are n suff]$ to t\* ! e>?2--!y are s toss$ to & fro' by ! waves1 z nev] to be w>n$ by !m2--& :5 !y are ca/ on ! %ore1 _! dead1 c>cases _c re/ ^u ! surface ( ! rocks6 ,all ?is1 z com+ f a y\?1 0 mu* applaud$1 n = x's rip5ess & solidity1 b = ! hopes x gave ! ,public ( my future improvem5t4 ,f ! same capacity came ^? rip] expressions1--,%e 0 ! sp\se ( h] son-9-law1 ! /ep-"m ( h] own (fspr+8 & ! mi/ress ( h] daught]'s husb& ,footnote3 ,?is passage occurs 9 ! p]oration ( 8 ,def5ce ( ,clu5tius4 ,b ,i did n always indulge myself 9 ?is excessive ard\r ( expression1 or speak e ?+ 9 ! same mann]3 = ev5 t y\?ful r$undance :i* 0 s visible 9 ! def5ce ( ,roscius1 _h _m passages :i* 7 pla9 & simple1 & "s :i* 71 tol]ably hum\r\s4 ,b ! ,orations 9 def5ce ( ,habitus1 & ,cornelius1 & inde$ _m o!rs2 7= no s+le ,orator1 ev5 among ! peaceful & speculative ,a!nians1 has compos$ su* a numb] z ,i h27--^!1 ,i say1 h all t v>iety :i* ,i s mu* approve4 ,= h ,hom] & ,ennius1 & ! re/ ( ! ,poets1 b especially ! tragic writ]s1 n express$ !mselves at all times ) ! same elevation1 b frequ5tly v>i$ _! mann]1 & sometimes l[]$ x to ! /yle ( conv]sation2 & %all ,i oblige myself nev] to desc5d f t highe/ en]gy ( language8 ,bit :y d ,i m5tion ! ,poets ^: tal5ts are div9e6 ,! v actors on ! /age1 :o h mo/ excell$ 9 _! pr(ession1 h n only succe$$ 9 v diff]5t *>act]s1 ?\gh /ill 9 ! same prov9ce2 b a com$ian has (t5 act$ trag$ies1 & a trag$ian com$ies s z to give u univ]sal satisfaction4 ,:]e=e1 !n1 %\ld n ,i also ex]t my ef=ts8 ,b :5 ,i say myself1 my wor?y ,brutus ,i mean y3 = z to me1 ,i h already done all1 ,i 0 capable ( do+4 ,w\ld y1 !n1 plead e cause 9 ! same mann]8 ,or is !re any sort ( causes :i* y\r g5ius w\ld decl9e8 ,or ev5 9 ! same cause1 w\ld y always express y\rself 9 ! same /ra91 & )\t any v>iety8 ,y\r fav\rite ,demo/h5es1 ^: braz5 /atue ,i lately beheld among y\r own1 & y\r family images1 :5 ,i _h ! pleasure to visit y at ,tusculanum1--,demo/h5es1 ,i say1 0 no?+ inf]ior to ,lysias 9 simplicity2 to ,hyp]ides 9 sm>tness & poignancy1 or to ,aes*9es 9 ! smoo?ness & spl5dor ( 8 language4 ,!re are _m ( 8 ,orations :i* are entirely ( ! close & simple "*1 z t aga9/ ,leps9es2 _m :i* are all n]v\s1 & /rik+1 z ^? aga9/ ,philip2 & _m :i* are ( a mix$ "*1 z t aga9/ ,aes*9es1 conc]n+ ! false embassy1 & ano!r aga9/ ! same p]son 9 def5ce ( ,ctesiphon4 ,at o!r times he /rikes into ! mean at 8 pleasure1 & quitt+ ! n]v\s "*1 desc5ds to ?is ) all ! ease imag9able4 ,b he raises ! acclamations ( 8 audi5ce1 & 8 ,oratory is !n mo/ weighty & p[]ful1 :5 he applies himself to ! n]v\s4 ,b z our enquiries relate to ! art1 & n to ! arti/1 let u leave him = ! pres5t1 & consid] ! nature & ! prop]ties ( ! object be=e u1--t is1 ( ,eloqu5ce4 ,we mu/ keep 9 m9d1 h[ev]1 :at ,i h already h9t$1--t we are n requir$ to deliv] a sy/em ( precepts1 b to write z judges & critics1 r ?an tea*]s4 ,b ,i h expatiat$ s l>gely ^u ! subject1 because ,i =esee t y 7:o are1 inde$1 mu* bett] v]s$ 9 x1 ?an ,i :o pret5d to in=m y7 w n be my only read]2 b t my little essay1 ?\gh n mu* p]haps to my cr$it1 w be made public1 & ) y\r "n prefix$ to x4 ,i am ( op9ion1 !re=e1 t a f9i%$ ,orator %\ld n only possess ! tal5t 7:i*1 inde$1 is peculi>1 to himself7 ( speak+ copi\sly & diffusively3 b t he %\ld also borr[ ! assi/ance ( x's ne>e/ neighb\r1 ! art ( ,logic4 ,= ?\gh public speak+ is "o ?+1 & disput+ ano!r2 & ?\gh !re is a visible diff]5ce betwe5 a private controv]sy1 & a public ,h>angue2 yet bo? ! "o & ! o!r come "u ! notion ( reason+4 ,b m]e disc\rse & argum5t belongs to ! ,logician1 & ! art ( ,speak+ gracefully & ornam5tally is ! pr]ogative ( ! ,orator4 ,z5o1 ! fa!r ( ! ,/oics1 us$ to illu/rate ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! two by hold+ up 8 h&2--= :5 he cl5*$ 8 f+]s1 & pres5t$ a close fi/1-- t1 he said1 0 an emblem ( ,logic3--b :5 he spread !m out aga91 & display$ 8 op5 h&1--?is1 said he1 resembles ,eloqu5ce4 ,b ,ari/otle obs]v$ be=e him1 9 ! introduction to 8 ,rhetoric1 t x is an art :i* has a ne> resemblance to t ( ,logic2--& t ! only diff]5ce betwe5 !m is1 t ! me?od ( reason+ 9 ! =m] is m diffusive1 & 9 ! latt] m close & contract$4 ,i1 !re=e1 advise t our f9i%$ ,orator make himself ma/] ( e ?+ 9 ! art ( ,logic1 :i* is applicable to 8 pr(ession3--an art 7z y\r ?or\gh k ( x has already in=m$ y7 :i* is taught aft] two me?ods4 ,= ,ari/otle himself has deliv]$ a v>iety ( precepts conc]n+ ! art ( ,reason+3--& besides ^!1 ! ,dialecticians 7z !y are call$7 h produc$ _m intricate & ?orny speculations ( _! own4 ,i am1 !re=e1 ( op9ion1 t he :o is ambiti\s to be applaud$ = 8 ,eloqu5ce1 %\ld n be :olly unacqua9t$ ) ?is bran* ( ,erudition2 b t he ought 7at lea/7 to be prop]ly in/ruct$ ei!r 9 ! old me?od1 or 9 t ( ,*rysippus4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 he %\ld und]/& ! =ce1 ! ext5sion1 & ! diff]5t species ( words z !y /& s+ly1 or connect$ into s5t5ces4 ,he %\ld likewise be acqua9t$ ) ! v>i\s modes & =ms 9 :i* any conception ( ! m9d may be express$--! me?ods ( di/+ui%+ a true proposition f a false "o2--! diff]5t conclusions :i* result f diff]5t premises2--! true consequ5ces & opposites to any giv5 proposition2--&1 if an argum5t is emb>rass$ by ambiguities1 h[ to unravel ea* ( !m by an accurate di/9ction4 ,^! p>ticul>s1 ,i say1 %\ld be well und]/ood by an ,orator1 because !y are su* z frequ5tly occur3 b z !y are naturally rugg$ & unpleas+1 !y %\ld be reliev$ 9 practice by an easy brilliance ( expression4 ,b z 9 e topic :i* is discuss$ by reason & me?od1 we %\ld fir/ settle :at x is we are to disc\rse ^u1--7= unless ! p>ties 9 a dispute are agre$ ab\t ! subject ( x1 !y c nei!r reason ) propriety1 nor br+ ! argum5t to an issue27--x w frequ5tly be necess>y to expla9 our notions ( x1 &1 :5 ! matt] is intricate1 to lay x op5 by a def9ition2--= a def9ition is only a s5t5ce1 or explanation1 :i* specifies1 9 z few words z possible1 ! nature ( ! object we propose to consid]4 ,aft] ! g5us1 or k9d1 has be5 suffici5tly det]m9$1 we mu/ !n proce$ 7y "k7 to exam9e into x's diff]5t species1 or subord9ate p>ts1 t our :ole disc\rse may be prop]ly di/ribut$ among !m4 ,our ,orator1 !n1 %\ld be qualifi$ to make a j def9ition2--?\gh n 9 su* a close & contract$ =m1 z 9 ! critical debates ( ! ,academy1 b m explicitly & copi\sly1 & z w be be/ adapt$ to ! common way ( ?9k+1 & ! capacity ( ! vulg>4 ,he is likewise1 z (t5 z occasion requires1 to divide ! g5us into x's prop] species1 s z to be nei!r defective1 nor r$undant4 ,b h[ & :5 ?is %\ld be done1 is n our pres5t bus9ess to consid]3 because1 z ,i obs]v$ be=e1 ,i am n to assume ! "p ( a tea*]1 b only ( a critic & a judge4 ,b he ought to acqua9t himself n only ) ! art ( ,logic1 b ) all ! common & mo/ useful bran*es ( ,morality4 ,= )\t a compet5t k ( ^!1 no?+ c be advanc$ & unfold$ ) any _s & en]gy1 or ) becom+ dignity & fre$om1 ei!r conc]n+ religion1--dea?1--filial piety1--! love ( our c\ntry1-- ?+s good or evil1--! sev]al virtues & vices1--! nature ( moral obligation1--grief or pleasure1 & ! o!r emotions ( ! m9d1--or ! v>i\s errors & frailties ( humanity1--& a v>iety ( important topics :i* are (t5 closely connect$ ) =5sic causes2 ?\gh "h7x is true7 !y mu/ be t\*$ ^u m slightly & sup]ficially4 ,i am n[ speak+ ( ! mat]ials ( ,eloqu5ce1 & n ( ! art itself3--= an ,orator %\ld always be furni%$ ) a pl5tiful /ock ( s5tim5ts1--7,i mean su* z may claim ! att5tion ( ! le>n$1 z well z ( ! vulg>7--be=e he conc]ns himself ab\t ! language & ! mann] 9 :i* he ought to express himself4 ,t he may make a /ill m respectable & elevat$ figure 7z we h already obs]v$ ( ,p]icles7 he %\ld n be unacqua9t$ ) ! pr9ciples ( ,natural ,philosophy4 ,= :5 he desc5ds1 z x 71 f ! />ry heav5s1 to ! little conc]ns ( humanity1 he w bo? ?9k & speak ) great] dignity & spl5dor4 ,b aft] acqua9t+ himself ) ^? div9e & nobl] objects ( contemplation1 ,i w\ld h him att5d to human conc]ns4 ,9 p>ticul>1 let him make himself ma/] ( ! ,civil ,law1 :i* is ( daily1 & inde$ necess>y use 9 e k9d ( causes4 ,= :at c be m sc&al\s1 ?an to und]take ! managem5t ( judicial suits & controv]sies1 )\t a prop] k ( ! laws1 & ( ! pr9ciples ( ,equity & ,jurisprud5ce8 ,he %\ld also be well v]s$ 9 ,hi/ory & ! v5]able records ( ,antiquity1 b p>ticul>ly ^? ( 8 own c\ntry3 n neglect+1 h[ev]1 to p]use ! annals ( o!r p[]ful nations1 & illu/ri\s mon>*s2--a toil :i* has be5 consid]ably %ort5$ by our fri5d ,atticus1 :o 7?\gh he has c>efully specifi$ ! "t ( e ev5t1 & omitt$ no transaction ( consequ5ce7 has compriz$ ! hi/ory ( sev5 hundr$ ye>s 9 a s+le volume4 ,to be unacqua9t$ ) :at has pass$ 9 ! _w1 be=e we came into x ourselves1 is to be always *ildr54 ,= :at is ! age ( a s+le mortal1 unless x is connect$1 by ! aid ( ,hi/ory1 ) ! times ( our ance/ors8 ,besides1 ! relation ( pa/ occurr5ces1 & ! produc+ p]t95t & /rik+ examples1 is n only v ent]ta9+1 b adds a great deal ( dignity & weight to :at we say4 ,?us furni%$ & equipp$ our ,orator may und]take ! managem5t ( causes4 ,b1 9 ! fir/ place1 he %\ld be well acqua9t$ ) _! diff]5t k9ds4 ,he %\ld "k1 = in/ance1 t e judicial controv]sy mu/ turn ei!r ^u a matt] ( fact1 or ^u ! mean+ ( "s p>ticul> expression4 ,z to ! =m]1 ?is mu/ always relate ei!r to ! reality ( a fa/1 ! equity ( x1 or ! "n x be>s 9 law4 ,z to =ms ( expression1 ^! may become ! subject ( controv]sy1 :5 !y are ei!r ambigu\s1 or contradictory4 ,= :5 ! _s ( a law appe>s to be at v>iance ) ! lett] ( x1 ?is mu/ cause an ambiguity :i* commonly arises f "s ( ! prec$+ t]ms2 s t 9 ?is case 7= su* is ! nature ( an ambiguity7 ! law w appe> to h a d\ble mean+4 ,z ! k9ds ( causes are s few1 ! rules = ! inv5tion ( argum5ts mu/ be few also4 ,! topics1 or common places f :i* ^? argum5ts are d]iv$1 are tw(old1--! "o inh]5t 9 ! subject1 & ! o!r assumptive4 ,a skilful managem5t ( ! =m] contributes mo/ to1 give weight to a disc\rse1 & /rike ! att5tion ( ! he>]3 because !y are easy1 & famili> to ! und]/&+4 ,:at f>!r rema9s 7)9 ! prov9ce ( ! ,art7 b t we %\ld beg9 our disc\rses s z to conciliate ! he>]'s good-w1 or raise 8 expectation1 or prep>e him to receive :at foll[s8--to /ate ! case be=e u s concisely1 & yet s plausibly & cle>ly1 z t ! sub/ance ( x may be easily compreh5d$8--to support our own pro(s1 & refute ^? ( our antagoni/1 n 9 a confus$ & disord]ly mann]1 b s t e inf]5ce may be fairly d$ucible f ! premises8--&1 9 ! la/ place1 to conclude ! :ole ) a p]oration ei!r to inflame or allay ! passions ( ! audi5ce8 ,h[ ea* ( ^! p>ts %\ld be conduct$ is a subject too intricate & ext5sive = our pres5t consid]ation3 = !y are n always to be manag$ 9 ! same mann]4 ,b z ,i am n seek+ a pupil to in/ruct1 b an ,orator :o is to be ! model ( 8 pr(ession1 he mu/ h ! pref]5ce :o c always disc]n :at is prop] & becom+4 ,= ,eloqu5ce %\ld1 above all1 ?+s1 h t k9d ( discretion :i* makes h] a p]fect mi/ress ( "t & "*3 because we are n to speak ^u e occasion1 or be=e e audi5ce1 or aga9/ e oppon5t1 or 9 def5ce ( e cli5t1 & to e ,judge1 9 ! same inv>iable mann]4 ,he1 !re=e1 is ! man ( g5u9e ,eloqu5ce1 :o c adapt 8 language to :at is mo/ suitable to ea*4 ,by do+ ?is1 he w be sure to say e ?+ z x ought to be said4 ,he w nei!r speak drily ^u copi\s subjects1 nor )\t dignity & _s ^u ?+s ( importance2 b 8 language w always be proportion$1 & equal to 8 subject4 ,8 introduction w be mode/1--n flam+ ) all ! gl>e ( expression1 b compos$ ( quick & lively turns ( s5tim5t1 ei!r to w\nd ! cause ( 8 antagoni/1 or recomm5d 8 own4 ,8 n>ratives w be cle> & plausible1--n deliv]$ ) ! grave =mality ( an ,hi/orian1 b 9 ! /yle ( polite conv]sation4 ,if 8 cause be slight1 ! ?read ( 8 argum5t1 bo? 9 prov+ & refut+1 w be s likewise1 & he w s conduct x 9 e "p1 t 8 language may rise & exp& itself1 z ! dignity ( 8 subject encreases4 ,b :5 8 cause w admit a full ex]tion ( ! p[]s ( ,eloqu5ce1 he w !n display himself m op5ly2--he w !n rule1 & b5d ! passions1 & direct !m1 at 8 pleasure1--t is1 z ! nature ( 8 cause & ! circum/ances ( ! "t %all require4 ,b 8 p[]s ( ornam5t w be *iefly ex]t$ ^u two occasions2 ,i mean t /rik+ k9d ( ornam5t1 f :i* ,eloqu5ce d]ives h] greate/ glory4 ,= ?\gh e "p ( an ,oration %\ld h s mu* m]it1 z n to conta9 a s+le ^w b :at is ei!r weighty or elegant2 !re are two v int]e/+ p>ts :i* are susceptible ( ! greate/ v>iety ( ornam5t4 ,! "o is ! discussion ( an indef9ite "q1 or g5]al tru?1 :i* by ! ,greeks 7z ,i h be=e obs]v$7 is call$ a !sis3 & ! o!r is employ$ 9 amplify+ & exagg]at+1 :i* !y call an auxesis4 ,?\gh ! latt]1 inde$1 %\ld diffuse itself m or less ?r\gh ! :ole body ( a disc\rse1 x's p[]s w be m conspicu\s 9 ! use & improvem5t ( ! common places3--:i* are s call$1 z be+ alike common to a numb] ( causes1 ?\gh 79 ! application ( !m7 !y are con/antly appropriat$ to a s+le "o4 ,b z to ! o!r "p1 :i* reg>ds univ]sal tru?s1 or indef9ite que/ions1 ?is frequ5tly ext5ds ?r\gh a :ole cause3--= ! lead+ po9t 9 debate1 or t :i* ! controv]sy h+es ^u1 is always mo/ conv5i5tly discuss$ :5 x c be r$uc$ to a g5]al "q1 & consid]$ z an univ]sal proposition3--unless1 inde$1 :5 ! m]e tru? ( a matt] ( fact3 is ! object3 ( disquisition3 = !n ! case mu/ be :olly conjectural4 ,we are n1 h[ev]1 to argue l ! ,p]ipatetics 7:o h a neat me?od ( controv]sy :i* !y d]ive f ,ari/otle7 b m n]v\sly & press+ly2 & g5]al s5tim5ts mu/ be s appli$ to p>ticul> cases1 z to leave u room to say _m ext5uat+ ?+s 9 behalf ( ! ,def5dant1 & _m sev]e ones aga9/ ! ,pla9tiff4 ,b 9 height5+ or s(t5+ a circum/ance1 ! p[]s ( language are unlimit$1 & may be prop]ly ex]t$1 ev5 9 ! middle ( an argum5t1 z (t5 z any ?+ pres5ts itself :i* may be ei!r exagg]at$1 or ext5uat$2 b1 91 contr\l4 ,!re are two p>ts1 h[ev]1 :i* mu/ n be omitt$2--= :5 ^! are judici\sly conduct$1 ! sorce ( ,eloqu5ce w be amaz+4 ,! "o is a c]ta9 propriety ( mann] 7call$ ! e?ic by ! ,greeks7 :i* readily adapts itself to diff]5t dispositions & hum\rs1 & to e /ation ( life3--& ! o!r is ! pa!tic1 :i* r\ses & al>ms ! passions1 & may be consid]$ z ! scept] ( ,eloqu5ce4 ,! =m] is mild & ins9uat+1 & entirely calculat$ to conciliate ! good-w ( ! he>]3 b ! latt] is all en]gy & fire1 & snat*es a cause by op5 viol5ce2--& :5 x's c\rse is rapid & unre/ra9$1 ! %ock is irresi/ible4 ,i footnote3 ,"h foll[s ! second passage above-ref]r$ to1 9 :i* !re is a long /r+ ( ,egotisms4 ,b z !y furni% "s v in/ructive h9ts1 ! ,read] w p]use !m ) m pleasure ?an pa9 myself h possess$ a tol]able %>e ( ?is1 or1 x may be1 a trifl+ "o3--b z ,i always spoke ) uncommon w>m? & impetuosity1 ,i h frequ5tly =c$ my antagoni/ to rel9qui% ! field4 ,hort5sius1 an em95t ,speak]1 once decl9$ to answ] me1 ?\gh 9 def5ce ( an intimate fri5d4 ,catal9e1 a mo/ audaci\s traitor1 be+ publicly accus$ by me 9 ! ,s5ate-h\se1 0 /ruck dumb ) %ame3 & ,curio1 ! fa!r1 :5 he attempt$ to reply to me 9 a weighty & important cause :i* conc]n$ ! hon\r ( 8 family1 sat sudd5ly d[n1 & compla9$ t ,i _h bewit*$ him out ( 8 memory4 ,z to mov+ ! pity ( my audi5ce1 x w be unnecess>y to m5tion ?is4 ,i h frequ5tly attempt$ x ) good success1 & :5 sev]al ( u h plead$ on ! same side1 ?is "p ( ! def5ce 0 always resign$ to me2 9 :i* my suppos$ excell5ce 0 n ow+ to ! sup]iority ( my g5ius1 b to ! real conc]n ,i felt = ! di/resses ( my cli5t4 ,b :at 9 ?is respect h be5 my tal5ts 7= ,i h _h no reason to compla9 ( !m7 may be easily discov]$ 9 my ,orations3--?\gh a book1 inde$1 mu/ lose mu* ( ! _s :i* makes a spee* deliv]$ 9 public appe> to great] advantage ?an :5 x is p]us$ 9 ! closet4 ,b we are to raise n only ! pity ( our judges1 7:i* ,i h endeav\r$ s passionately1 t ,i once took up an infant 9 my arms :ile ,i 0 speak+2--&1 at ano!r "t1 call+ up ! nobleman 9 ^: def5ce ,i spoke1 & hold+ up a little *ild ( 8 be=e ! :ole assembly1 ,i fill$ ! ,=um ) my cries & lam5tations37--b x is also necess>y to r\se ! judge's indignation1 to appease x1 to excite 8 jeal\sy1 8 b5evol5ce1 8 contempt1 8 wond]1 8 abhorr5ce1 8 love1 8 desire1 8 av]sion1 8 hope1 8 fe>1 8 joy1 & 8 grief3--9 all :i* v>iety1 y may f9d examples1 9 _m accusatory spee*es1 ( r\s+ ! h>%] passions2 & my ,def5ces w furni% in/ances en\gh ( ! me?ods ( work+ ^u ! g5tl]4 ,= !re is no me?od ei!r ( al>m+ or soo?+ ! passions1 b :at has be5 attempt$ by me4 ,i w\ld say ,i h c>ri$ x to p]fection1 if ,i ei!r ?\ght s1 or 0 n afraid t 79 ?is case7 ev5 tru? itself might incur ! *>ge ( arrogance4 ,b 7z ,i h be=e obs]v$7 ,i h be5 s mu* transport$1 n by ! =ce ( my g5ius1 b by ! real f]vor ( my he>t1 t ,i 0 unable to re/ra9 myself3 --&1 inde$1 no language w inflame ! m9d ( ! he>]1 unless ! ,speak] himself fir/ cat*es ! ardor1 & gl[s ) ! importance ( 8 subject4 ,i w\ld ref] to examples ( my own1 unless y _h se5 !m already2 & to ^? ( o!r ,speak]s among ! ,romans1 if ,i c\ld produce any1 or among ! ,greeks1 if ,i judg$ x prop]4 ,b ,crassus w only furni% u ) a few1 & ^? n ( ! =5sic k9d3-- ,antonius1 ,cotta1 & ,sulpicius ) none3--& z to ,hort5sius1 he spoke mu* bett] ?an he wrote4 ,we may1 !re=e1 easily judge h[ amaz+ mu/ be ! =ce ( a tal5t1 ( :i* we h s few examples3-- b if we are resolv$ to seek = !m1 we mu/ h rec\rse to ,demo/h5es1 9 :om we f9d almo/ a cont9u$ succession ( !m1 9 t "p ( 8 ,oration = ,ctesiphon1 :]e he enl>ges on 8 own actions1 8 measures1 & 8 good s]vices to ! ,/ate1 ,= t ,oration1 ,i mu/ own1 approa*es s ne> to ! prim>y =m or semblance ( ,eloqu5ce :i* exi/s 9 my m9d1 t a m complete & exalt$ patt]n is sc>cely desirable4 ,b /ill1 !re w rema9 a g5]al model or "*1 ! true nature & excell5ce ( :i* may be easily collect$ f ! h9ts ,i h already (f]$4 ,we h slightly t\*$ ^u ! ornam5ts ( language1 bo? 9 s+le words1 & 9 words z !y /& connect$ ) ea* o!r2--9 :i* our ,orator w s indulge himself1 t n a s+le expression may escape him1 b :at is ei!r elegant or weighty4 ,b he w mo/ ab\nd 9 ! metaphor2 :i*1 by an aptness ( similitude1 conveys & transports ! m9d f object to object1 & hurries x backw>ds & =w>ds ?r\gh a pleas+ v>iety ( images2--a motion :i*1 9 its own nature1 7z be+ full ( life & action7 c nev] fail to be highly delightful4 ,z to ! o!r ornam5ts ( language :i* reg>d words z !y are connect$ ) ea* o!r1 an ,oration w d]ive mu* ( its lu/re f ^!4 ,!y are l ! decorations 9 ! ,!atre1 or ! ,=um1 :i* n only embelli%1 b surprize4 ,footnote3 ,9 ! foll[+ ,ab/ract ( ! ,figures ( ,language & ,s5tim5t1 ,i h (t5 p>aphras$ ^u my au?or1 to make him intelligible to ! ,engli% read]2--a lib]ty :i* ,i h likewise tak5 9 sev]al o!r places1 :]e ,i judg$ x necess>y4 ,= su* also is ! effect ( ! v>i\s figures or decorations ( language2--su* z ! d\bl+ or repetition ( ! same ^w2--! repeat+ x ) a slight v>iation2 --! beg9n+ or conclud+ sev]al s5t5ces 9 ! same mann]1 or bo? at once2--! mak+ a ^w1 :i* concludes a prec$+ s5t5ce1 to beg9 ! foll[+2--! conclud+ a s5t5ce ) ! same expression :i* began x2--! repeat+ ! same ^w ) a diff]5t mean+2 --! us+ sev]al correspond+ words 9 ! same case1 or ) ! same t]m9ation2--! contra/+ opposite expressions2--! us+ words ^: mean+ rises 9 gradation2--! leav+ out ! conjunctive p>ticles to %ew our e>ne/ness2--! pass+ by1 or sudd5ly dropp+ a circum/ance we 7 go+ to m5tion1 & assign+ a reason = s do+2 --,footnote3 ,we h an in/ance ( ?is1 consid]$ z a figure ( language1 9 ! foll[+ l9e ( ,virgil2 ,quos ego--1 s$ prae/at motos compon]e fluctus4 ,a5eid4 ,i4 ,:om ,i--1 b let me /ill ! rag+ waves4 ,?is may likewise s]ve z an example ( ! figure :i* is next m5tion$4 ! pret5d+ to correct or reprove ourselves1 t we may seem to speak )\t artifice or p>tiality2--! break+ out into a sudd5 exclamation1 to express our wond]1 our abhorr5ce1 or our grief2-- & ! us+ ! same n\n 9 diff]5t cases4 ,b ! figures ( s5tim5t are m weighty & p[]ful2 & !re are "s :o place ! highe/ m]it ( ,demo/h5es 9 ! frequ5t use he makes ( !m4 ,= be 8 subject :at x w1 almo/ all 8 s5t5ces h a figurative air3 &1 inde$1 a pl5tiful int]mixture ( ?is sort ( figures is ! v life & s\l ( a popul> ,eloqu5ce4 ,b z y are ?or\ghly acqua9t$ ) ^!1 my ,brutus1 :at occasion is !re to expla9 & exemplify !m8 ,! b>e m5tion ( !m w be suffici5t4--,our ,orator1 !n1 w sometimes exhibit an idea 9 diff]5t po9ts ( view1 & :5 he has />t$ a good argum5t1 he w dwell ^u x ) an hone/ exultation2--he w ext5uate :at is unfav\rable1 & h frequ5t rec\rse to raill]y2--he w sometimes deviate f 8 plan1 & seem to alt] 8 fir/ purpose3--he w in=m 8 audi5ce be=eh&1 :at are ! pr9cipal po9ts ^u :i* he int5ds to re/ 8 cause2--he w collect & po9t out ! =ce ( ! argum5ts he has already discuss$2 he w *eck an ard5t expression1 or boldly reit]ate :at he has said2--he w close a lively p>agraph ) "s weighty & conv9c+ s5tim5t2--he w press ^u 8 adv]s>y by repeat$ int]rogations2--he w reason ) himself1 & answ] que/ions ( 8 own propos+2--he w ?r[ out expressions :i* he designs to be o!rwise und]/ood ?an !y seem to mean2--he w pret5d to d\bt :at is mo/ prop] to be said1 & 9 :at ord]2-- he w divide an action1 c4 into its sev]al p>ts & circum/ances1 to r5d] x m /rik+2--he w pret5d to pass ov] & rel9qui% a circum/ance :i* might h be5 urg$ to advantage2--he w secure himself aga9/ ! kn[n prejudices ( 8 audi5ce2--he w turn ! v circum/ance :i* is all$g$ aga9/ him to ! prejudice ( 8 antagoni/2--he w frequ5tly appeal to 8 he>]s1 & sometimes to 8 oppon5t2--he w repres5t ! v language & mann]s ( ! p]sons he is speak+ (2--he w introduce irrational & ev5 inanimate be+s1 z address+ !mselves to 8 audi5ce2--he w 7to s]ve "s necess>y purpose7 /eal (f _! att5tion f ! po9t 9 debate2--he w frequ5tly move !m to mir? & laught]2--he w answ] e ?+ :i* he =esees w be object$2--he w comp>e simil> incid5ts1--ref] to pa/ examples1--& by way ( amplification assign _! di/+ui%+ qualities to opposite *>act]s & circum/ances2--he w *eck an imp]t95t plea :i* may int]rupt 8 argum5t2--he w pret5d n to m5tion :at he might h urg$ to good purpose2--he w caution 8 he>]s aga9/ ! v>i\s artifices & subt]fuges :i* may be employ$ to deceive !m2--he w sometimes appe> to speak ) an hone/1 b ungu>d$ fre$om2--he w av[ 8 res5tm5t2--he w entreat2--he w e>ne/ly supplicate2--he w apologize2--he w seem = a mom5t to =get himself2--he w express 8 he>ty good wi%es = ! des]v+1 & v5t 8 execrations aga9/ notori\s villa9y2--& n[ & !n he w desc5d imp]ceptibly to ! mo/ t5d] & ins9uat+ famili>ities4 ,!re are likewise ,o!r beauties ( composition :i* he w n fail to pursue2--su* z brevity :]e ! subject requires x2--a lively & pa!tic description ( important occurr5ces2--a passionate exagg]ation ( rem>kable circum/ances2--an e>ne/ness ( expression :i* implies m ?an is said2--a well-tim$ v>iety ( hum\r2--& a happy imitation ( diff]5t *>act]s & dispositions4 ,assi/$ & adorn$ by su* figures z ^!1 :i* are v num]\s1 ! =ce ( ,eloqu5ce w appe> 9 its brighte/ lu/re4 ,b ev5 ^!1 unless !y are prop]ly =m$ & regulat$1 by a skilful disposition ( _! con/itu5t words1 w nev] atta9 ! m]it we require2--a subject :i* ,i %all be oblig$ to treat ( 9 ! sequel1 ?\gh ,i am re/ra9$ p>tly by ! circum/ances already m5tion$1 b mu* m s by ! foll[+4 ,= ,i am s5sible n only t !re are "s invidi\s p1 to :om e improvem5t appe>s va9 & sup]flu\s2 b t ev5 ^?1 :o are well-wi%]s to my reputation1 may ?9k x b5ea? ! dignity ( a man ^: public s]vices h be5 s hon\rably di/+ui%$ by ! ,s5ate1 & ! :ole body ( ! ,roman p1 to employ my p5 s l>gely ^u ! art ( ,speak+4 ,footnote3 ,! long apology :i* our au?or is n[ go+ to make = be/[+ 8 "t 9 compos+ a treatise ( ,oratory1 is 9 fact a v artful z well z an elegant digression2 to relieve ! dryness & intricacy ( ! ab/ract he has j giv5 u ( ! figures ( rhetoric1 & ( ! subsequ5t acc\nt ( ! rules ( prosaic h>mony4 ,he has also enliv5$ t acc\nt 7:i* is a v long "o7 9 ! same mann]1 by int]sp]s+ x1 at conv5i5t di/ances1 ) f9e examples1 agreeable companions1 & %ort hi/orical digressions to elucidate ! subject4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ,i 0 to return no o!r answ] to ! latt]1 b t ,i 0 unwill+ to d5y any ?+ to ! reque/ ( ,brutus1 ! apology mu/ be unexceptionable2 because ,i am only aim+ at ! satisfaction ( an intimate fri5d1 & a wor?y man1 :o desires no?+ ( me b :at is j & hon\rable4 ,b 0 ,i ev5 to pr(ess 7:at ,i wi% ,i 0 capable (7 t ,i mean to give ! necess>y precepts1 & po9t out ! road to ,eloqu5ce to ^? :o are desir\s to qualify !mselves = ! ,=um1 :at man ( s5se c\ld blame me = x8 ,= :o ev] d\bt$ t 9 ! decision ( political matt]s1 & 9 "t ( peace1 ,eloqu5ce has always borne ! sway 9 ! ,roman /ate1 :ile ,jurisprud5ce has possess$ only ! second po/ ( hon\r8 ,= :]eas ! =m] is a con/ant s\rce ( au?ority & reputation1 & enables u to def5d ourselves & our fri5ds 9 ! mo/ effectual mann]2--! o!r only furni%es u ) =mal rules = indictm5ts1 pleas1 prote/s1 c4 9 conduct+ :i* %e is frequ5tly oblig$ to sue = ! assi/ance ( ,eloqu5ce2--b if ! latt] condesc5ds to oppose h]1 %e is sc>cely able to ma9ta9 h] gr\nd1 & def5d h] own t]ritories4 ,if !re=e to tea* ! ,civil ,law has always be5 reckon$ a v hon\rable employm5t1 & ! h\ses ( ! mo/ em95t m5 ( t pr(ession1 h be5 cr[d$ ) disciples2 :o c be reasonably c5sur$ = excit+ our y\? to ! /udy ( ,eloqu5ce1 & furni%+ !m ) all ! assi/ance 9 8 p[]8 ,if x is a fault to speak gracefully1 let ,eloqu5ce be = ev] bani%$ f ! /ate4 ,b if1 on ! contr>y1 x reflects an hon\r1 n only ^u ! man :o possesses x1 b ^u ! c\ntry :i* gave him bir?1 h[ c x be a disgrace to le>n1 :at x is s glori\s to "k8 ,or :y %\ld x n be a cr$it to tea* :at x is ! highe/ hon\r to h le>n$8 ,b1 9 "o case1 !y w tell me1 ! practice has be5 sanctifi$ by cu/om1 & 9 ! o!r x has n4 ,?is ,i grant3 b ,we may easily acc\nt = bo?4 ,z to ! g5tlem5 ( ! law1 x 0 suffici5t to he> !m1 :5 !y decid$ ^u su* cases z 7 laid be=e !m 9 ! c\rse ( bus9ess2--s t :5 !y taught1 !y did n set ap>t any p>ticul> "t = t purpose1 b ! same answ]s satisfi$ _! cli5ts & _! pupils4 ,on ! o!r h&1 z our ,speak]s ( em95ce sp5t _! "t1 :ile at home1 9 exam9+ & dige/+ _! causes1 & :ile 9 ! ,=um 9 plead+ !m1 & ! rema9d] ( x 9 a seasonable relaxation1 :at opportunity _h !y = tea*+ & in/ruct+ o!rs8 ,i might v5ture to add t mo/ ( our ,orators h be5 m di/+ui%i$ by _! g5ius1 ?an by _! le>n+2 & = t reason 7 mu* bett] qualifi$ to be ,speak]s ?an ,tea*]s2 :i* x is possible may be ! rev]se ( my case4--,true1 say !y2 b tea*+ is an employm5t :i* is f> f be+ recomm5d$ by its dignity4 ,& s inde$ x is1 if we tea* l m]e p$agogues4 ,b if we only direct1 enc\rage1 exam9e1 & in=m our pupils2 & sometimes accompany !m 9 read+ or he>+ ! p]=mances ( ! mo/ em95t ,speak]s2--if by ^! means we are able to contribute to _! improvem5t1 :at %\ld h9d] u f communicat+ a few in/ructions1 z opportunity (f]s8 ,%all we deem x an hon\rable employm5t1 z inde$ ) u x is1 to tea* ! =m ( a legal process1 or an excommunication f ! rites & privileges ( our religion2 & %all x n be equally hon\rable to tea* ! me?ods by :i* ^? privileges may be def5d$ & secur$8--,p]haps x may1 !y w reply2 b ev5 ^? :o "k sc>cely any ?+ ( ! law are ambiti\s to be ?\ght ma/]s ( x2 :]eas ^? :o are well furni%$ ) ! p[]s ( ,eloqu5ce pret5d to be :olly unacqua9t$ ) !m2 because !y are s5sible t useful k is a valuable recomm5dation1 :]eas an artful tongue is suspect$ by e "o4 ,b is x possible1 !n1 to ex]t ! p[]s ( ,eloqu5ce )\t discov]+ !m8 ,or is an ,orator really ?\ght to be no ,orator1 because he disclaims ! title8 ,or is x likely t1 9 a great & noble art1 ! _w w judge x a sc&al to tea* :at x is ! greate/ hon\r to le>n8 ,o!rs1 inde$1 may h be5 m res]v$2 b1 = my "p1 ,i h always own$ my pr(ession4 ,= h[ c\ld ,i d o!rwise1 :51 9 my y\?1 ,i left my native l&1 & cross$ ! sea1 ) no o!r view b to improve myself 9 ?is k9d ( k2 &1 :5 aft]w>ds my h\se 0 cr[d$ ) ! able/ pr(essors1 & my v /yle betray$ "s traces ( a lib]al education8 ,nay1 :5 my own writ+s 7 9 e body's h&s1 ) :at face c\ld ,i pret5d t ,i _h n /udi$8 ,or :at excuse c\ld ,i h = submitt+ my abilities to ! judgm5t ( ! public1 if ,i _h be5 appreh5sive t !y w\ld ?9k ,i _h /udi$ to no purpose8 ,footnote3 ,?is s5t5ce 9 ! orig9al runs ?us2--,quid erat cur prob>em 7i4e4 scripta no/ra71 nisi quod p>um =tasse pr(ec]am8--,:]e=e did ,i approve ( !m1 7t is1 ( my writ+s1 s f> z to make !m public7 b because ,i _h1 79 my own op9ion7 made a progress1 ?\gh p]haps a small "o1 9 useful lit]ature8 ,?is1 at lea/1 is ! only mean+ ,i am able to affix to x2 & ,i flatt] myself1 t ! translation ,i h giv5 ( x1 w be f\nd to correspond ) ! g5]al s5se ( my au?or4 ,b ! po9ts we h already discuss$ are susceptible ( great] dignity & elevation1 ?an ^? :i* rema9 to be consid]$4 ,= we are next to treat ( ! arrangem5t ( our words2 &1 inde$1 ,i might h said1 ( ! art ( numb]+ & measur+ our v syllables2 :i*1 ?\gh x may1 9 reality1 be a matt] ( z mu* consequ5ce z ,i judge x to be1 _c h[ev] be suppos$ to h su* a /rik+ appe>ance 9 precept z 9 practice4 ,?is1 inde$1 might be said ( e o!r bran* ( useful k2 b x is m rem>kably true ) respect to ?is4 ,= ! actual gr[? & improv+ height ( all ! sublim] arts1 l t ( trees1 af=ds a pleas+ prospect2 :]eas ! roots & /ems are sc>cely beheld ) indiff]5ce3 & yet ! =m] _c subsi/ )\t ! latt]4 ,b :e!r ,i am re/ra9$ f dissembl+ ! pleasure ,i take 9 ! subject1 by ! hone/ advice ( ! ,poet1 :o says1 ,blu% n to own ! art y love to practise4 or :e!r ?is treatise has be5 extort$ f me by ! importunity ( my fri5d1 x 0 prop] to obviate ! c5sures to :i* x w probably expose me4 ,& yet1 ev5 suppos+ t ,i am mi/ak5 9 my s5tim5ts1 :o w\ld %ew himself s mu* ( a savage1 z to refuse me 8 indulg5ce 7n[ all my =5sic employm5ts & public bus9ess are at an end7 = n resign+ myself to t /upid inactivity :i* is contr>y to my nature1 or to t unavail+ sorr[ :i* ,i d my be/ to ov]come1 r ?an devote myself to my fav\rite /udies8 ,^! fir/ conduct$ me into ! ,=um & ! ,s5ate-,h\se1 & !y are n[ ! *ief com=ts ( my retirem5t4 ,i h1 h[ev]1 appli$ myself n only to su* speculations z =m ! subject ( ! pres5t ,essay1 b to o!rs m sublime & int]e/+2 & if ,i am able to discuss !m 9 a prop] mann]1 my private /udies w be no disp>agem5t to my =5sic employm5ts4 ,b x is "t to return to our subject4--,our words1 !n1 %\ld be s dispos$ t e foll[+ "o may be aptly connect$ ) ! prec$+1 s z to make an agreeable s\nd2--or t ! m]e =m & conc9nity ( our language may give our s5t5ces _! prop] measure & dim5sions2--or1 la/ly1 t our p]iods may h a num]\s & measur$ cad5ce4 ,! fir/ ?+1 !n1 to be att5d$ to1 is ! /ructure ( our language1 or ! agreeable connection ( "o ^w ) ano!r2 :i*1 ?\gh x c]ta9ly requires c>e1 ought n to be practis$ ) a labori\s nicety4 ,= ?is w\ld be an endless & pu]ile attempt1 & is ju/ly ridicul$ by ,lucilius1 :5 he introduces ,scaevola ?us reflect+ ^u ,albucius3 ,z 9 ! *ecqu]'d pavem5t ev'ry squ>e ,is nicely fitt$ by ! mason's c>e3 ,s all ?y words are plac'd ) curi\s art1 ,& ev'ry syllable p]=ms its "p4 ,b ?\gh we are n to be m9utely exact 9 ! /ructure ( our language1 a mod]ate %>e ( practice w habituate u to e ?+ ( ?is nature :i* is necess>y4 ,= z ! eye 9 read+1 s ! m9d 9 speak+1 w readily disc]n :at ought to foll[1--t1 9 connect+ our words1 !re may nei!r be a *asm1 nor a disagreeable h>%ness4 ,! mo/ lively & int]e/+ s5tim5ts1 if !y are h>%ly express$1 w (f5d ! e>1 t delicate & fa/idi\s judge ( rhetorical h>mony4 ,?is circum/ance1 !re=e1 is s c>efully att5d$ to 9 ! ,roman language1 t !re is sc>cely a ru/ic among u :o is n av]se to a collision ( v[els1--a defect :i*1 9 ! op9ion ( "s1 0 too scrupul\sly avoid$ by ,!opompus1 ?\gh 8 ma/] ,isocrates 0 equally cauti\s4 ,b ,?ucydides 0 n s exact2 nor 0 ,plato1 7?\gh a mu* bett] writ]7--n only 9 8 ,dialogues1 9 :i* x 0 necess>y to ma9ta9 an easy neglig5ce1 to resemble ! /yle ( conv]sation1 b 9 ! fam\s ,panegyric1 9 :i* 7accord+ to ! cu/om ( ! ,a!nians7 he celebrat$ ! praises ( ^? :o fell 9 battle1 & :i* 0 s greatly e/eem$1 t x is publicly repeat$ e ye>4 ,9 t ,oration a collision ( v[els occurs v frequ5tly2 ?\gh ,demo/h5es g5]ally avoids x z a fault4 ,b let ! ,greeks det]m9e = !mselves3 we ,romans are n all[$ to int]rupt ! connection ( our words4 ,ev5 ! rude & unpoli%$ ,orations ( ,cato are a pro( ( ?is2 z are likewise all our poets1 except 9 p>ticul> in/ances1 9 :i* !y 7 oblig$ to admit a few breaks1 to pres]ve _! metre4 ,?us we f9d 9 ,naevius1 ,vos ,,qui ,,accolitis hi/rum ,,fluvium ,,atque ,,algidum4 ,& 9 ano!r place1 ,quam nunquam vobis ,,graii ,,atque ,b>b>i4 ,b ,ennius admits x only once1 :5 he says1 ,scipio invicte2 & likewise ,i myself 9 ,hoc motu radiantis ,,etesiae ,,9 ,vada ,ponti4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 w\ld seldom be suff]$ among u1 ?\gh ! ,greeks (t5 comm5d x z a beauty4 ,b :y d ,i speak ( a collision ( v[els8 =1 omitt+ ?is1 we h frequ5tly contract$ our words = ! sake ( brevity2 z 9 multi' modis1 vas' arg5teis1 palm' et cr9ibus1 tecti' fractis1 c4 ,we h sometimes also contract$ our prop] names1 to give !m a smoo!r s\nd3 = z we h *ang$ ,duellum into ,bellum1 & duis into bis1 s ,duellius1 :o defeat$ ! ,c>?ag5ians at sea1 0 call$ ,bellius1 ?\gh all 8 ance/ors 7 nam$ ,duellii4 ,we likewise abbreviate our words1 n only = conv5i5ce1 b to please & gratify ! e>4 ,= h[ o!rwise came axilla to be *ang$ into ala1 b by ! omission ( an unweildy consonant1 :i* ! elegant pronunciation ( our language has likewise bani%$ f ! words maxillae1 taxillae1 vexillum1 & paxillum8 ,^u ! same pr9ciple1 two or m words h be5 contract$ into "o1 z sodes = si audes1 sis = si vis1 capsis = cape si vis1 a9' = aisne1 nequire = non quire1 malle = magis velle1 & nolle = non velle2 & we (t5 say de9' & ex9' = de9de & ex9de4 ,x is equally evid5t :y we nev] say cum nobis1 b nobiscum2 ?\gh we d n scruple to say cum illis2--viz4 because1 9 ! =m] case1 ! union ( ! consonants m & n w\ld produce a j>r+ s\nd3 & we also say mecum & tecum1 & n cum me & cum te1 to correspond ) nobiscum & vobiscum4 ,b "s1 :o w\ld correct antiquity r too late1 object to ^! contractions3 =1 in/ead ( prob ,,de,m atque hom9um fidem1 !y say ,deorum4 ,!y are n aw>e1 ,i suppose1 t cu/om has sanctifi$ ! lic5ce4 ,! same ,poet1 !re=e1 :o1 almo/ )\t a prec$5t1 has said patris mei ,,me,m ,,fact,m pudet1 in/ead ( meorum factorum1--& textitur exitim exam5 rapit = exitiorum1 does n *oose to say lib]um1 z we g5]ally d 9 ! expressions cupidos lib]m1 & 9 lib]m loco1 b1 z ! lit]>y virtuosos above-m5tion$ w\ld h x1 neque tuum unquam 9 gremium extollas ,,lib]orum ex te g5us1 &1 namque ,aesculap ,,lib]orum4 ,b ! au?or be=e quot$ says 9 8 ,*ryses1 n only ,cives1 antiqui amici majorum ,,me,m1 :i* 0 common en\gh--1 b m h>%ly /ill1 ,,consili,m1 ,,auguri,m1 atque ,,ext,m int]pretes2 & 9 ano!r place1 ,po/quam ,,prodigi,m ,,horrif],m ,,port5t,m pavos4 a lic5ce :i* is n cu/om>y 9 all neut]s indiff]5tly3 = ,i %\ld n be s will+ to say armm judicium1 z armorum2 ?\gh 9 ! same writ] we meet ) nihilne ad te de judicio armm accidit8 ,& yet 7z we f9d x 9 ! public regi/]s7 ,i w\ld v5ture to say fabrm1 & procm1 & n fabrorum & procorum4 ,b ,i w\ld nev] say duorum virorum judicium1 or trium virorum capitalium1 or decem virorum litibus judic&is4 ,9 ,accius1 h[ev]1 we meet ) ,video sepul*ra duo duorum corporum2 ?\gh 9 ano!r place he says1 ,muli] una duum virum4 ,i "k1 inde$1 :i* is mo/ con=mable to ! rules ( gramm>3 b yet ,i sometimes express myself z ! fre$om ( our language all[s me1 z :5 ,i say at pleasure1 ei!r prob deum1 or prob deorum2--&1 at o!r times1 z ,i am oblig$ by cu/om1 z :5 ,i say trium virum = virorum1 or se/]tium nummum = nummorum3 because 9 ! latt] case ! mode ( expression is inv>iable4 ,b :at %all we say :5 ^! hum\ri/s =bid u to say nosse & judicasse = novisse & judicavisse2 z if we did n "k1 z well z !mselves1 t1 9 ^! in/ances1 ! v]b at full l5g? is mo/ agreeable to ! laws ( gramm>1 ?\gh cu/om has giv5 ! pref]5ce to ! contract$ v]b8 ,t]5ce1 !re=e1 has made use ( bo?1 z :5 he says1 eho tu cognatum tuum non nors8 & aft]w>ds1 ,/ilphonem1 inquam1 nov]as8 ,?us also1 fiet is a p]fect v]b1 & fit a contract$ "o2 & accord+ly we f9d 9 ! same ,com$ian1 ,quam c>a ,,s9tque po/ c>5do intelligunt1 & ,quamque att95di magni dom9atus ,,si5t4 ,9 ! same mann] ,i h no objection to scrips]e alii rem1 ?\gh ,i am s5sible t scrips]unt is m grammatical2 because ,i submit ) pleasure to ! indulg5t laws ( cu/om :i* delights to gratify ! e>4 ,idem campus habet1 says ,ennius2 & 9 ano!r place1 9 templis sdem2 eisdem1 inde$1 w\ld h be5 m grammatical1 b n suffici5tly h>moni\s2 & iisdem w\ld h s\nd$ /ill worse4 ,b we are all[$ by cu/om ev5 to disp5se ) ! rules ( etymology to improve ! sweetness ( our language2 & ,i w\ld !re=e r say1 pom]idianas ,quadrigas1 ?an po/m]idianas2 & meh]cule1 ?an meh]cules4 ,= ! same reason non scire w\ld n[ be deem$ a b>b>ism1 becaule nescire has a smoo!r s\nd2 & we h likewise sub/itut$ m]idiem = m$idiem1 because ! latt] 0 (f5sive to ! e>4 ,ev5 ! preposition ab1 :i* s frequ5tly occurs 9 our comp\nd v]bs is pres]v$ entire only 9 ! =mality ( a ,j\rnal1 &1 inde$1 n always !re3 9 e o!r sort ( language x is frequ5tly alt]$4 ,?us we say amovit1 abegit1 & ab/ulit2 s t y c sc>cely det]m9e :e!r ! primitive preposition %\ld be ab or abs4 ,we h likewise reject$ ev5 abfugit1 & abf]1 & introduc$ aufugit & auf] 9 _! /ead2--?us =m+ a new preposition1 :i* is to be f\nd 9 no o!r v]b b ^!4 ,noti1 navi1 & n>i1 h all be5 words 9 common use3 b :5 !y 7 aft]w>ds to be comp\nd$ ) ! preposition 91 x 0 ?\ght m h>moni\s to say ignoti1 ignavi1 & ign>i1 ?an to adh]e /rictly to ! rules ( etymology4 ,we likewise say ex usu1 & e ,republic2 because1 9 ! =m] case1 ! preposition is foll[$ by a v[el1 &1 9 ! latt]1 x w\ld h s\nd$ h>%ly )\t omitt+ ! consonant2 z may also be obs]v$ 9 exegit1 edixit1 refecit1 retulit1 & r$didit4 ,sometimes ! preposition alt]s or o!rwise affects ! fir/ lett] ( ! v]b ) :i* x happ5s to be comp\nd$2 z 9 subegit1 summutavit1 & su/utit4 ,at o!r times x *anges "o ( ! subsequ5t lett]s2 z :5 we say insipi5tem = insapi5tem1 iniquum = inaequum1 tricipitem = tricapitem1 & concisum = concaesum3 & f h5ce "s h v5tur$ to say p]tisum = p]taesum1 :i* cu/om has nev] w>rant$4 ,b :at c be m delicate ?an our *ang+ ev5 ! natural quantity ( our syllables to hum\r ! e>8 ,?us 9 ! adjectives inclytus1 & inhumanus1 ! fir/ syllable aft] ! preposition is %ort1 :]eas insanus & infelix h x long2 &1 9 g5]al1 ^? words ^: fir/ lett]s are ! same z 9 sapi5s & felix1 h _! fir/ syllable long 9 composition1 b all o!rs h ! same syllable %ort1 z composuit1 consuevit1 concrepuit1 confecit4 ,exam9e ^! lib]ties by ! /rict rules ( etymology1 & !y mu/ c]ta9ly be condemn$2 b ref] !m to ! decision ( ! e>1 & !y w be in/antly approv$4--,:at is ! reason8 ,y\r e> w in=m y !y h an easi] s\nd2 & e language mu/ submit to gratify ! e>4 ,i myself1 because our ance/ors nev] admitt$ ! aspirate1 unless :]e a syllable began ) a v[el1 us$ to say pulcros1 ,cetegos1 triumpos1 & ,c>tag9em3 b "s "t aft]w>ds1 ?\gh n v soon1 :5 ?is grammatical accuracy 0 wre/$ f me by ! c5sure ( ! e>1 ,i resign$ ! mode ( language to ! vulg>1 & res]v$ ! !ory to myself4 ,b we /ill say1 )\t any hesitation1 ,orcivios1 ,matones1 ,otones1 coepiones1 sepulcra1 coronas1 & lacrymas1 because ! e> all[s x4 ,ennius always uses ,burrum1 & nev] ,pyrrhum2 & ! anci5t copies ( ! same au?or h ,vi patefec]unt ,,bruges1 n ,phryges2 because ! ,greek v[el _h n !n be5 adopt$1 ?\gh we n[ admit bo? t & ! aspirate3--&1 9 fact1 :5 we _h aft]w>ds occasion to say ,phrygum & ,phrygibus1 x 0 r absurd to adopt ! ,greek lett] )\t adopt+ _! cases1 ,footnote3 ,?is passage1 z x /&s 9 ! orig9al1 appe>s to me un9telligible3 ,i h !re=e tak5 ! lib]ty to give x a slight alt]ation4 or at lea/ n to conf9e x to ! nom9ative2 & yet 79 ! accusative7 we say ,phryges1 & ,pyrrhum1 to please ! e>4 ,=m]ly x 0 e/eem$ an elegancy1 ?\gh x w\ld n[ be consid]$ z a ru/icism1 to omit ! s 9 all words :i* t]m9ate 9 u1 except :5 !y 7 foll[$ by a v[el2 & ! same elision :i* is s c>efully avoid$ by ! mod]n ,poets1 0 v f> f be+ reckon$ a fault among ! anci5t3 = !y made no scruple to say1 ,qui e/ ,,omnibu' pr9ceps1 n1 z we d1 ,,omnibus pr9ceps2 &1 ,vit ill ,,dignu' locoque1 n dignus4 ,b if untaught cu/om has be5 s +5i\s 9 ! =mation ( agreeable s\nds1 :at may we n expect f ! improvem5ts ( art & erudition8 ,i h1 h[ev]1 be5 mu* %ort] ^u ?is subject1 ?an ,i %\ld h be5 if ,i _h writt5 ^u x pr(ess$ly3 = a comp>ison ( ! natural & cu/om>y laws ( language w\ld h op5$ a wide field = speculation3 b ,i h already enl>g$ ^u x suffici5tly1 & m1 p]haps1 ?an ! nature ( my design requir$4 ,to proce$ !n2--z ! *oice ( prop] matt]1 & ( suitable words to express x1 dep5ds ^u ! judgm5t ( ! ,speak]1 b t ( agreeable s\nds1 & h>moni\s numb]s1 ^u ! decision ( ! e>2 & because ! =m] is int5d$ = in=mation1 & ! latt] = pleasure2 x is evid5t t reason mu/ det]m9e ! rules ( art 9 "o case1 & m]e s5sation 9 ! o!r4 ,= we mu/ ei!r neglect ! gratification ( ^? by :om we wi% to be approv$1 or apply ourselves to inv5t ! mo/ likely me?ods to promote x4 ,!re are two ?+s :i* contribute to gratify ! e>1--agreeable s\nds1 & h>moni\s numb]s4 ,we %all treat ( numb]s 9 ! sequel1 & at pres5t conf9e ourselves to s\nd4--,^? words1 !n1 z we h already obs]v$1 are to h ! pref]5ce :i* s\nd agreeably2--n su* z are exquisitely melodi\s1 l ^? ( ! ,poets1 b su* z c be f\nd to our purpose 9 common language4--,qu ,pontus ,helles is r beyond ! m>k3--b 9 ,auratos aries ,col*orum1 ! v]se glitt]s ) a mod]ate h>mony ( expression2 :]eas ! next1 z end+ ) a lett] :i* is rem>kably flat1 is unmusical1 ,frugif]a et f]ta arva ,alfiae t5et1 ,let u1 !re=e1 r cont5t ourselves ) ! agreeable m$iocrity ( our own language1 ?an emulate ! spl5dor ( ! ,greeks2 unless we are s bigott$ to ! latt] z to hesitate to say ) ! poet1 ,qu tempe/ate ,p>is ,hel5am1 c4 we might ev5 imitate :at foll[s1 & avoid1 z f> z possible1 ! smalle/ asp]ity ( s\nd1 habeo i/am ego ,,p]t]ricrepam2 or say1 ) ! same au?or1 9 ano!r passage1 v]sutiloquas ,,malitias4 ,b our words mu/ h a prop] compass1 z well z be connect$ toge!r 9 an agreeable mann]2 = ?is1 we h obs]v$1 is ano!r circum/ance :i* falls "u ! notice ( ! e>4 ,!y are conf9$ to a prop] compass1 ei!r by c]ta9 rules ( composition1 z by a k9d ( natural pause1 or by ! use ( p>ticul> =ms ( expression1 :i* h a peculi> conc9nity 9 _! v texture2 su* z a succession ( sev]al words :i* h ! same t]m9ation1 or ! comp>+ simil>1 & contra/+ opposite circum/ances1 :i* w always t]m9ate 9 a measur$ cad5ce1 ?\gh no imm$iate pa9s %\ld be tak5 = t purpose4 ,gorgias1 x is said1 0 ! fir/ ,orator :o practis$ ?is species ( conc9nity4 ,! foll[+ passage 9 my ,def5ce ( ,milo is an example4 ,e/ enim1 ,judices1 haec non scripta1 f$ nata ,lex2 quam non didicimus1 accepimus1 legimus1 v]um ex ,natur ips arripuimus1 hausimus1 expressimus2 ad quam non docti1 s$ facti2 non in/ituti1 s$ imbuti simus4 ,= ?is1 my ,lords1 is a law n writt5 ^u tables1 b impress$ ^u our he>ts2--a law :i* we h n le>n$1 or he>d1 or read1 b eag]ly caught & imbib$ f ! h& ( ,nature2--a law to :i* we h n be5 tra9'd1 b orig9ally =m'd2 & ) ! pr9ciples ( :i* we h n be5 furni%$ by education1 b t9ctur$ & impregnat$ f ! mom5t ( our bir?4 ,9 ^! =ms ( expression e circum/ance is s aptly ref]r$ to "s o!r circum/ance1 t ! regul> turn ( !m does n appe> to h be5 /udi$1 b to result entirely f ! s5se4 ,! same effect is produc$ by contra/+ opposite circum/ances2 z 9 ! foll[+ l9es1 :]e x n only =ms a measur$ s5t5ce1 b a v]se3 ,eam1 quam nihil accusas1 damnas1 ,h]1 :om y ne'er accus'd1 y n[ condemn2 79 prose we %\ld say condemnas7 & aga91 ,b5e quam m]itam esse autumas1 dicis male m]]i1 ,h] m]it1 once confess'd1 y n[ d5y2 &1 ,id quod scis1 prode/ nihil2 id quod nescis1 obe/1 ,f :at y've le>nt no real good accrues1 ,b ev'ry ill y\r ignorance pursues4 ,"h y see ! m]e opposition ( ! t]ms produces a v]se2 b 9 prosaic composition1 ! prop] =m ( ! la/ l9e w\ld be1 quod scis nihil prode/2 quod nescis multum obe/4 ,?is contra/+ ( opposite circum/ances1 :i* ! ,greeks call an ,anti!sis1 w necess>ily produce :at is /yl$ rhetorical metre1 ev5 )\t our int5d+ x4 ,! anci5t ,orators1 a consid]able "t be=e x 0 practis$ & recomm5d$ by ,isocrates1 7 fond ( us+ x2 & p>ticul>ly ,gorgias1 ^: measur$ cad5ces are g5]ally ow+ to ! m]e conc9nity ( 8 language4 ,i h frequ5tly practis$ x myself2 z1 = in/ance1 9 ! foll[+ passage ( my f\r? ,invective aga9/ ,v]res3 ,conf]te hanc ,pacem cum illo ,bello2--hujus ,praetoris ,adv5tum1 cum illius ,imp]atoris ,victori2--hujas ,cohortem impuram1 cum illius ,ex]citu invicto2--hujus ,libid9es1 cum illius ,cont95ti2--ab illo qui cepit conditas2 ab hoc1 qui con/itutas accepit1 captas dicetis ,syracusas4 ,comp>e ?is dete/able peace ) t glori\s w>1--! arrival ( ?is gov]nor ) ! victory ( t comm&]1--8 ruffian gu>ds1 ) ! inv9cible =ces ( ! o!r2--! brutal luxury ( ! =m]1 ) ! mode/ temp]ance ( ! latt]2--& y w say1 t ,syracuse 0 really f\nd$ by him :o /orm$ x1 & /orm$ by him :o receiv$ x already f\nd$ to 8 h&s4--,s mu*1 !n1 = t k9d ( measure :i* results f p>ticul> =ms ( expression1 & :i* ought to be kn[n by e ,orator4 ,we mu/ n[ proce$ to ! ?ird ?+ propos$1--t num]\s & well-adju/$ /yle2 ( ! beauty ( :i*1 if any are s ins5sible z n to feel x1 ,i _c imag9e :at k9d ( e>s !y h1 or :at resemblance ( a human ,be+6 ,= my "p1 my e>s are always fond ( a complete & full-measur$ fl[ ( words1 & p]ceive 9 an in/ant :at is ei!r defective or r$undant4 ,b :]e=e d ,i say m9e8 ,i h frequ5tly se5 a :ole assembly bur/ into raptures ( applause at a happy p]iod3 = ! e> naturally expects t our s5t5ces %\ld be prop]ly tun$ & measur$4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is an accompli%m5t :i* is n to be met ) among ! anci5ts4 ,b to comp5sate ! want ( x1 !y _h almo/ e o!r p]fection3 = !y _h a happy *oice ( words1 & ab\nd$ 9 pi?y & agreeable s5tim5ts1 ?\gh !y _h n ! art ( h>moniz+ & complet+ _! p]iods4 ,?is1 say "s1 is ! v ?+ we admire4 ,b :at if !y %\ld take x into _! heads to pref] ! anci5t pe9ture1 ) all its pov]ty ( col\r+1 to ! ri* & f9i%$ /yle ( ! mod]ns8 ,! =m]1 ,i suppose1 mu/ be aga9 adopt$1 to complim5t _! delicacy1 & ! latt] reject$4 ,b ^! pret5d$ connoisseurs reg>d no?+ b ! m]e "n ( antiquity4 ,x mu/1 inde$1 be own$ t antiquity has an equal claim to au?ority 9 matt]s ( imitation1 z grey hairs 9 ! prec$5ce ( age4 ,i myself h z great a v5]ation = x z any man3 nor d ,i s mu* upbraid antiquity ) h] defects1 z admire ! beauties %e 0 mi/ress (3--especially z ,i judge ! latt] to be ( f> great] consequ5ce ?an ! =m]4 ,= !re is c]ta9ly m real m]it 9 a ma/]ly *oice ( words & s5tim5ts1 9 :i* ! anci5ts are all[$ to excell1 ?an 9 ^? measur$ p]iods ) :i* !y 7 totally unacqua9t$4 ,?is species ( composition 0 n kn[n among ! ,romans till lately3 b ! anci5ts1 ,i believe1 w\ld readily h adopt$ x1 if x _h !n be5 discov]$3 & we accord+ly f9d1 t x is n[ made use ( by all ,orators ( reputation4 ,b :5 numb]1 or 7z ! ,greeks call x7 prosaic metre1 is pr(ess$ly introduc$ into judicial & =5sic disc\rses1 ! v "n1 say !y1 has a suspici\s s\nd3 = p w conclude t !re is too mu* artifice employ$ to soo? & captivate _! e>s1 :5 ! ,speak] is s ov]-exact z to att5d to ! h>mony ( 8 p]iods4 ,rely+ ^u ! =ce ( ?is objection1 ^! pret5d]s are p]petually grat+ our e>s ) _! brok5 & mutilat$ s5t5ces2 & c5sure ^?1 )\t m]cy1 :o h ! presumption to utt] an agreeable & a well-turn$ p]iod4 ,if1 inde$1 x 0 our design to spread a v>ni% ov] empty words & trifl+ s5tim5ts1 ! c5sure w\ld be j3 b :5 ! matt] is good1 & ! words are prop] & expressive1 :at reason c be assign$ :y we %\ld pref] a limp+ & imp]fect p]iod to "o :i* t]m9ates & keeps pace ) ! s5se8 ,= ?is invidi\s & p]secut$ metre aims at no?+ m ?an to adapt ! compass ( our words to t ( our ?\ghts2 :i* is sometimes done ev5 by ! anci5ts1--?\gh g5]ally1 ,i believe1 by m]e accid5t1 & (t5 by ! natural delicacy ( ! e>2 & ! v passages :i* are n[ mo/ admir$ 9 !m1 commonly d]ive _! m]it f ! agreeable & measur$ fl[ ( ! language4 ,?is is an art :i* 0 9 common use among ! ,greek ,orators1 ab\t f\r hundr$ ye>s ago1 ?\gh x has be5 b lately introduc$ among ! ,romans4 ,ennius1 !re=e1 :5 he ridicules ! inh>moni\s numb]s ( 8 pr$ecessors1 might be all[$ to say1 ,su* v]ses z ! ru/ic ,b>ds & ,satyrs sung3 ,b ,i mu/ n take ! same lib]ty2 especially z ,i _c say ) him1 ,be=e ?is bold adv5tur]1 c4 7mean+ himself37 nor1 z he aft]w>ds exults to ! same purpose1 ,i fir/ h d>'d t'unfold1 c4 = ,i h bo? read & he>d sev]al :o 7 almo/ complete ma/]s ( ! num]\s & measur$ /yle ,i am speak+ (3 ,b _m1 :o are /ill absolute /rang]s to x1 are n cont5t to be exempt$ f ! ridicule !y des]ve1 b claim a "r to our w>me/ applause4 ,i mu/ own1 inde$1 t ,i admire ! v5]able patt]ns1 ( :i* ^? p]sons pret5d to be ! fai?ful imitators1 not)/&+ ! defects ,i obs]ve 9 !m3 b ,i c by no means comm5d ! folly ( ^? :o copy no?+ b _! blemi%es1 & h no pret5sions ev5 to ! mo/ di/ant resemblance 9 :at is truly excell5t4 ,b if _! own e>s are s indelicate & devoid ( ta/e1 w !y pay no def]5ce to ! judgm5t ( o!rs1 :o are univ]sally celebrat$ = _! le>n+8 ,i w n m5tion ,isocrates1 & 8 two s*ol>s1 ,ephorus & ,naucrates2 ?\gh !y may claim ! hon\r ( giv+ ! ri*e/ precepts ( composition1 & 7 !mselves v em95t ,orators4 ,b :o 0 possess$ ( a m ample fund ( erudition8--:o m subtle & acute8--or :o furni%$ ) quick] p[]s ( inv5tion1 & a great] /r5g? ( und]/&+1 ?an ,ari/otle8 ,i may add1 :o made a w>m] opposition to ! ris+ fame ( ,isocrates8 ,& yet he1 ?\gh he =bids u to v]sify 9 prose1 recomm5ds ! use ( numb]s4 ,8 he>] ,!odectes 7:om he (t5 m5tions z a poli%$ writ]1 & an excell5t arti/7 bo? approves & advises ! same ?+3 & ,!ophra/us is /ill m copi\s & explicit4 ,:o1 !n1 c h pati5ce ) ^? dull & conceit$ hum\ri/s1 :o d>e to oppose !mselves to su* v5]able names z ^!8 ,! only excuse t c be made = !m is1 t !y h nev] p]us$ _! writ+s1 & are !re=e ignorant t !y actually recomm5d ! prosaic metre we are speak+ (4 ,if ?is is ! case ) !m 7& ,i _c ?9k o!rwise7 w !y reject ! evid5ce ( _! own s5sations8 ,is !re no?+ :i* _! e>s w in=m !m is defective8--no?+ :i* is h>% & unpoli%$8--no?+ imp]fect8--no?+ lame & mutilat$8--no?+ r$undant8 ,9 dramatic p]=mances1 a :ole !atre w exclaim aga9/ a v]se :i* has only a syllable ei!r too %ort or too long3 & yet ! bulk ( an audi5ce are unacqua9t$ ) feet & numb]s1 & are totally ignorant :at ! fault is1 & :]e x lies3 b ,nature h]self has taught ! e> to measure ! quantity ( s\nd1 & det]m9e ! propriety ( its v>i\s acc5ts1 :e!r grave1 or acute4 ,d y desire1 !n1 my ,brutus1 t we %\ld discuss ! subject m fully ?an ^? writ]s :o h already elucidat$ ?is1 & ! o!r p>ts ( rhetoric8 ,or %all we cont5t ourselves ) ! in/ructions :i* !y h provid$ = u8 ,b :]e=e d ,i (f] su* a "q1 :5 y\r elegant lett]s h in=m$ me1 t ?is is ! *ief object ( y\r reque/8 ,we %all proce$1 !re=e1 to give an acc\nt ( ! comm5cem5t1 ! orig91 & ! nature & use ( prosaic numb]s4 ,! admir]s ( ,isocrates place ! fir/ inv5tion ( numb]s among ^? o!r improvem5ts :i* d hon\r to 8 memory4 ,= obs]v+1 say !y1 t ! ,orators 7 he>d ) a k9d ( sull5 att5tion1 :ile ! ,poets 7 li/5$ to ) pleasure1 he appli$ himself to introduce a species ( metre into prose1 :i* might h a pleas+ effect ^u ! e>1 & prev5t t satiety :i* w always arise f a cont9u$ uni=mity ( s\nd4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is p>tly true1 & p>tly o!rwise2 = ?\gh x mu/ be own$ t no p]son 0 bett] skill$ 9 ! subject ?an ,isocrates2 yet ! fir/ hon\r ( ! inv5tion belongs to ,?rasyma*us1 ^: /yle 79 all 8 writ+s :i* are extant7 is num]\s ev5 to a fault4 ,b ,gorgias1 z ,i h already rem>k$1 0 ! orig9al inv5tor ( ^? measur$ =ms ( expression :i* h a k9d ( spontane\s h>mony1--su* z a regul> succession ( words ) ! same t]m9ation1 & ! comp>+ simil>1 or contract+ opposite circum/ances3 ?\gh x is also notori\sly true t he us$ !m to excess4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is "o ( ! ?ree bran*es ( composition above- m5tion$4 ,b ea* ( ^! au?ors 0 prior to ,isocrates3 s t ! pref]5ce c be due to him only = 8 mod]ate use1 & n = ! inv5tion ( ! art3 = z he is c]ta9ly mu* easi] 9 ! turn ( 8 metaphors1 & ! *oice ( 8 words1 s 8 numb]s are m compos$ & s$ate4 ,b ,gorgias1 he obs]v$1 0 too eag]1 & indulg$ himself 9 ?is measur$ play ( words to a ridicul\s excess4 ,he1 !re=e1 endeav\r$ to mod]ate & correct x2 b n till he _h fir/ /udi$ 9 8 y\? "u ! same ,gorgias1 :o 0 !n 9 ,!ssaly1 & 9 ! la/ decl9e ( life4 ,nay1 z he advanc$ 9 ye>s 7= he liv$ almo/ a hundr$7 he correct$ himself1 & gradually relax$ ! ov]-/rict regul>ity ( 8 numb]s2 z he p>ticul>ly in=ms u 9 ! treatise :i* he d$icat$ to ,philip ( ,mac$on1 9 ! latt] "p ( 8 life2 = he !re says1 t he _h ?r[n (f t s]vile att5tion to 8 numb]s1 to :i* he 0 be=e accu/om$3--s t he discov]$ & correct$ 8 own faults1 z well z ^? ( 8 pr$ecessors4 ,hav+ ?us specifi$ ! sev]al au?ors & inv5tors1 & ! fir/ comm5cem5t ( prosaic h>mony1 we mu/ next enquire :at 0 ! natural s\rce & orig9 ( x4 ,b ?is lies s op5 to obs]vation1 t ,i am a/oni%$ ! anci5ts did n notice x3 especially z !y (t51 by m]e accid5t1 ?rew out h>moni\s & measur$ s5t5ces1 :i*1 :5 !y _h /ruck ! e>s & ! passions ) s mu* =ce1 z to make x obvi\s t !re 0 some?+ p>ticul>ly agreeable 9 :at *ance alone _h utt]$1 "o w\ld imag9e t su* a s+ul> species ( ornam5t w\ld h be5 imm$iately att5d$ to1 & t !y w\ld h tak5 ! pa9s to imitate :at !y f\nd s pleas+ 9 !mselves4 ,= ! e>1 or at lea/ ! m9d by ! int]v5tion ( ! e>1 has a natural capacity to measure ! h>mony ( language3 & we accord+ly feel t x in/antly det]m9es :at is ei!r too %ort or too long1 & always expects to be gratifi$ ) t :i* is complete & well- proportion$4 ,"s expressions x p]ceives to be imp]fect1 & mutilat$2 & at ^! x is imm$iately (f5d$1 z if x 0 defraud$ ( x's natural due4 ,9 o!rs x discov]s an immod]ate l5g?1 & a t$i\s sup]fluity ( words2 & ) ^! x is /ill m disgu/$ ?an ) ! =m]2 = 9 ?is1 z 9 mo/ o!r cases1 an excess is always m (f5sive ?an a proportional defect4 ,z v]sification1 !re=e1 & poetic competition 0 inv5t$ by ! regulation ( ! e>1 & ! successive obs]vations ( m5 ( ta/e & judgm5t2 s 9 prose 7?\gh inde$ long aft]w>ds1 b /ill1 h[ev]1 by ! guidance ( nature7 x 0 discov]$ t ! c>e] & compass ( our language %\ld be adju/$ & circumscrib$ )9 prop] limits4 ,s mu* = ! s\rce1 or natural orig9 ( prosaic h>mony4 ,we mu/ next proce$ 7= t 0 ! ?ird ?+ propos$7 to enquire into ! nature ( x1 & det]m9e x's ess5tial pr9ciples2--a subject :i* exce$s ! limits ( ! pres5t essay1 & w\ld be m prop]ly discuss$ 9 a pr(ess$ & accurate sy/em ( ! art4 ,= we might "h inquire :at is meant by prosaic numb]1 :]e9 x consi/s1 & f :5ce x arises2 z likewise :e!r x is simple & uni=m1 or admits ( any v>iety1 & 9 :at mann] x is =m$1 = :at purpose1 & :5 & :]e x %\ld be employ$1 & h[ x contributes to gratify ! e>4 ,b z 9 o!r subjects1 s 9 ?is1 !re are two me?ods ( disquisition2--! "o m copi\s & diffusive1 & ! o!r m concise1 &1 ,i might also add1 m easy & compreh5sible4 ,9 ! =m]1 ! fir/ "q :i* w\ld occur is1 :e!r !re is any su* ?+ z prosaic numb]3 "s are ( op9ion !re is n2 because no fix$ & c]ta9 rules h be5 yet assign$ = x1 z !re long h be5 = poetic numb]s2 & because ! v p]sons1 :o cont5d = x's exi/5ce1 h hi!rto be5 unable to det]m9e x4 ,grant+1 h[ev]1 t prose is susceptible ( numb]s1 x w next be enquir$ ( :at k9d !y are2--:e!r !y are to be select$ f ^? ( ! poets1 or f a diff]5t species2--&1 if f ! =m]1 :i* ( !m may claim ! pref]5ce2 = "s au?ors admit only "o or two1 & "s m1 :ile o!rs object to none4 ,we might !n proce$ to enquire 7be ! numb] ( !m to be admitt$1 m or less7 :e!r !y are equally common to e k9d ( /yle2 = ! n>rative1 ! p]suasive1 & ! didactic h ea* a mann] peculi> to itself2 or :e!r ! diff]5t species ( ,oratory %\ld be accommodat$ ) _! diff]5t numb]s4 ,if ! same numb]s are equally common to all subjects1 we mu/ next enquire :at ^? numb]s are2 & if !y are to be diff]5tly appli$1 we mu/ exam9e :]e9 !y diff]1 & = :at reason !y are n to be us$ s op5ly 9 prose z 9 v]se4 ,x might likewise be a matt] ( enquiry1 :e!r a num]\s /yle is =m$ entirely by ! use ( numb]s1 or n also 9 "s measure by ! h>moni\s juncture ( our words1 & ! application ( c]ta9 figurative =ms ( expression2 --&1 9 ! next place1 :e!r ea* ( ^! has n its peculi> prov9ce1 s t numb] may reg>d ! "t or quantity1 composition ! s\nd1 & figurative expression ! =m & poli% ( our language1--& yet1 9 fact1 composition be ! s\rce & f\nta9 ( all ! re/1 & give rise bo? to ! v>ieties ( numb]1 & to ^? figurative & lum9\s da%es ( expression1 :i* by ! ,greeks1 z ,i h be=e obs]v$1 are call$ 7,greek3 s*aemaia17 attitudes or figures4 ,b to me !re appe>s to be a real di/9ction betwe5 :at is agreeable 9 s\nd1 exact 9 measure1 & ornam5tal 9 ! mode ( expression2 ?\gh ! latt]1 x mu/ be own$1 is v closely connect$ ) numb]1 z be+ = ! mo/ "p suffici5tly num]\s )\t any lab\r to make x s3 b composition is app>5tly diff]5t f bo?1 z att5d+ entirely ei!r to ! maje/ic or agreeable s\nd ( our words4 ,su* !n are ! enquiries :i* relate to ! nature ( prosaic h>mony4 ,f :at has be5 said x is easy to inf] t prose is susceptible ( numb]4 ,our s5sations tell u s3 & x w\ld be excessively unfair to reject _! evid5ce1 because we _c acc\nt = ! fact4 ,ev5 poetic metre 0 n discov]$ by any ef=t ( reason1 b by m]e natural ta/e & s5sation1 :i* reason aft]w>ds correct+1 improv$ & me?odiz$ :at _h be5 notic$ by accid5t2 & ?us an att5tion to nature1 & an accurate obs]vation ( h] v>i\s feel+s & s5sations gave bir? to art4 ,b 9 v]se ! use ( numb] is m obvi\s2 ?\gh "s p>ticul> species ( x1 )\t ! assi/ance ( music1 h ! air ( h>moni\s prose1 & especially ! lyric poetry1 & t ev5 ! be/ ( ! k9d1 :i*1 if dive/$ ( ! aid ( music1 w\ld be almo/ z pla9 & nak$ z common language4 ,we h sev]al specim5s ( ?is nature 9 our own poets ,footnote3 ,x mu/ "h be rem>k$1 t ! ,romans _h no lyric poet be=e ,horace1 :o did n fl\ri% till aft] ! times ( ,cic]o42 su* z ! foll[+ l9e 9 ! trag$y ( ,?ye/es1 ,quemnam te esse dicam8 qui 9 t>d s5ectute2 ,:om %all ,i call !e8 :o 9 t>dy age1 c42 :i*1 unless :5 accompani$ by ! lyre1 might easily be mi/ak5 = prose4 ,b ! iambic v]ses ( ! comic poets1 to ma9ta9 a resemblance to ! /yle ( conv]sation1 are (t5 s l[ & simple t y c sc>cely discov] 9 !m ei!r numb] or metre2 f :5ce x is evid5t t x is m difficult to adapt numb]s to prose ?an to v]se4 ,!re are two ?+s1 h[ev]1 :i* give a reli% to our language1--well- *os5 words1 & h>moni\s numb]s4 ,words may be consid]$ z ! mat]ials ( language1 & x is ! bus9ess ( numb] to smoo? & poli% !m4 ,b z 9 o!r cases1 :at 0 inv5t$ to s]ve our necessities 0 always prior to t :i* 0 inv5t$ = pleasure2 s1 9 ! pres5t1 a rude & simple /yle :i* 0 m]ely adapt$ to express our ?\ghts1 0 discov]$ _m c5turies be=e ! inv5tion ( numb]s1 :i* are design$ to please ! e>4 ,accord+ly ,h]odotus1 & bo? 8 & ! prec$+ age _h n ! lea/ idea ( prosaic numb]1 nor produc$ any ?+ ( ! k9d1 unless at r&om1 & by m]e accid5t3--& ev5 ! anci5t ma/]s ( rhetoric 7,i mean ^? ( ! e>lie/ date7 h n s mu* z m5tion$ x1 ?\gh !y h left u a multitude ( precepts ^u ! conduct & managem5t ( our /yle4 ,= :at is easie/1 & mo/ necess>y to be kn[n1 is1 = t reason1 always fir/ discov]$4 ,metaphors1 !re=e1 & new-made & comp\nd$ words1 7 easily inv5t$1 because !y 7 borr[$ f cu/om & conv]sation3 b numb] 0 n select$ f our dome/ic treasures1 nor _h ! lea/ intimacy or connection ) common language2 &1 ( consequ5ce1 n be+ notic$ & und]/ood till e o!r improvem5t _h be5 made1 x gave ! f9i%+ grace1 & ! la/ t\*es to ! /yle ( ,eloqu5ce4 ,z x may be rem>k$ t "o sort ( language is int]rupt$ by frequ5t breaks & int]missions1 :ile ano!r is fl[+ & diffusive2 x is evid5t t ! diff]5ce _c result f ! natural s\nds ( diff]5t lett]s1 b f ! v>i\s comb9ations ( long & %ort syllables1 ) :i* our language1 be+ diff]5tly bl5d$ & int]m+l$1 w be ei!r dull & motionless1 or lively & flu5t2 s t e circum/ance ( ?is nature mu/ be regulat$ by numb]4 ,= by ! assi/ance ( numb]s1 ! p]iod1 :i* ,i h s (t5 m5tion$ be=e1 pursues x's c\rse ) great] /r5g? & fre$om till x comes to a natural pause4 ,x is !re=e pla9 t ! /yle ( an ,orator %\ld be measur$ & h>moniz$ by numb]s1 ?\gh entirely free f v]se2 b :e!r ^! numb]s %\ld be ! same z ^? ( ! poets1 or ( a diff]5t species1 is ! next ?+ to be consid]$4 ,9 my op9ion !re c be no sort ( numb]s b ^? ( ! poets2 because !y h already specifi$ all _! diff]5t k9ds ) ! utmo/ precision2 = e numb] may be compriz$ 9 ! ?ree foll[+ v>ieties3--viz4 a foot 7:i* is ! measure we apply to numb]s7 mu/ be s divid$1 t "o "p ( x w be ei!r equal to ! o!r1 or twice z long1 or equal to ?ree halves ( x4 ,?us1 9 a dactyl 7breve-macron-macron7 7long-%ort-%ort7 ! fir/ syllable1 :i* is ! =m] "p ( ! foot1 is equal to ! two o!rs1 9 ! iambic 7macron-breve77%ort-long7 ! la/ is d\ble ! fir/1 & 9 ! paeon 7macron-macron-macron-breve1 or breve-macron-macron-macron77%ort- %ort-%ort-long1 or long-%ort-%ort-%ort7 "o ( its p>ts1 :i* is ! long syllable1 is equal to two-?irds ( ! o!r4 ,^! are feet :i* are unavoidably incid5t to language2 & a prop] arrangem5t ( !m w produce a num]\s /yle4 ,b x w "h be enquir$1 ,:at numb]s %\ld h ! pref]5ce8 ,to :i* ,i answ]1 ,!y mu/ all occur promiscu\sly2 z is evid5t f our sometimes speak+ v]se )\t kn[+ x1 :i* 9 prose is reckon$ a capital fault2 b 9 ! hurry ( disc\rse we _c always wat* & criticise ourselves4 ,z to s5>ian & hipponactic ,footnote3 ,v]ses *iefly compos$ ( iambics v]ses1 x is sc>cely possible to avoid !m2 = a consid]able "p1 ev5 ( our common language1 is compos$ ( iambics4 ,to ^!1 h[ev]1 ! he>] is easily reconcil$2 because cu/om has made !m famili> to 8 e>4 ,b ?r\gh inatt5tion we are (t5 betray$ into v]ses :i* are n s famili>2--a fault :i* may easily be avoid$ by a c\rse ( habitual circumspection4 ,hi]onymus1 an em95t ,p]ipatetic1 has collect$ out ( ! num]\s writ+s ( ,isocrates ab\t ?irty v]ses1 mo/ ( !m s5>ian1 & "s ( !m anape/1 :i* 9 prose h a m disagreeable effect ?an any o!rs4 ,b he quotes !m ) a malici\s p>tiality3 = he cuts (f ! fir/ syllable ( ! fir/ ^w 9 a s5t5ce1 & annexes to ! la/ ^w ! fir/ syllable ( ! foll[+ s5t5ce2 & ?us he =ms :at is call$ an ,ari/ophanean anape/1 :i* x is nei!r possible nor necess>y to avoid entirely4 ,b1 ?is r$\btable critic1 z ,i discov]$ ^u a clos] inspection1 has himself be5 betray$ into a s5>ian or iambic v]se 9 ! v p>agraph 9 :i* he c5sures ! composition ( ,isocrates4 ,^u ! :ole1 x is suffici5tly pla9 t prose is susceptible ( numb]s1 & t ! numb]s ( an ,orator mu/ be ! same z ^? ( a ,poet4 ,! next ?+ to be consid]$ is1 :at are ! numb]s :i* are mo/ suitable to 8 "*1 &1 = t reason1 %\ld occur m frequ5tly ?an ! re/8 ,"s pref] ! ,iambic 7macron-breve77%ort- long7 z approa*+ ! ne>e/ to common language2 = :i* reason1 !y say1 x is g5]ally made use ( 9 fables & com$ies1 on acc\nt ( x's resemblance to conv]sation2 & because ! dactyl1 :i* is ! fav\rite numb] ( hexamet]s1 is m adapt$ to a pomp\s /yle4 ,ephorus1 on ! o!r h&1 decl>es = ! paeon & ! dactyl2 & rejects ! spondee & ! tro*ee 7long %ort74 ,= z ! paeon has ?ree %ort syllables1 & ! dactyl two1 he ?9ks _! %ortness & cel]ity give a brisk & lively fl[ to our language2 & t a diff]5t effect w\ld be produc$ by ! tro*ee & ! spondee1 ! "o consi/+ ( %ort syllables1 & ! o!r ( long ones2--s t by us+ ! =m]1 ! curr5t ( our words w\ld become too rapid1 & too heavy by employ+ ! latt]1 los+1 9 ei!r case1 t easy mod]ation :i* be/ satisfies ! e>4 ,b bo? p>ties seem to be equally mi/ak53 = ^? :o exclude ! paeon1 are n aw>e t !y reject ! sweete/ & fulle/ numb] we h4 ,ari/otle 0 f> f ?9k+ z !y d3 he 0 ( op9ion t h]oic numb]s are too sonor\s = prose2 & t1 on ! o!r h&1 ! iambic has too mu* ! resemblance ( vulg> talk3--&1 accord+ly1 he recomm5ds ! /yle :i* is nei!r too l[ & common1 nor too l(ty & extravagant1 b reta9s su* a j proportion ( dignity1 z to w9 ! att5tion1 & excite ! admiration ( ! he>]4 ,he1 !re=e1 calls ! tro*ee 7:i* has precisely ! same quantity z ! *oree7 ! rhetorical jigg ,footnote3 ,cordacem appellat4 ,! cordax 0 a lascivi\s dance v full ( agitation42 because ! %ortness & rapidity ( x's syllables are incompatible ) ! maje/y ( ,eloqu5ce4 ,= ?is reason he recomm5ds ! paeon1 & says t e p]son makes use ( x1 ev5 )\t be+ s5sible :5 he does s4 ,he likewise obs]ves t x is a prop] m$ium betwe5 ! diff]5t feet above-m5tion$3--! proportion betwe5 ! long & %ort syllables1 9 e foot1 be+ ei!r sesquiplicate1 duple1 or equal4 ,! au?ors1 !re=e1 :om ,i m5tion$ be=e att5d$ m]ely to ! easy fl[ ( our language1 )\t any reg>d to x's dignity4 ,= ! iambic & ! dactyl are *iefly us$ 9 poetry2 s t to avoid v]sify+ 9 prose1 we mu/ %un1 z mu* z possible1 a cont9u$ repetition ( ei!r2 because ! language ( prose is ( a diff]5t ca/1 & absolutely incompatible ) v]se4 ,z ! paeon1 !re=e1 is ( all o!r feet ! mo/ improp] = poetry1 x may1 = t reason be m readily admitt$ into prose4 ,b z to ,ephorus1 he did n reflect t ev5 ! spondee1 :i* he rejects1 is equal 9 "t to 8 fav\rite dactyl2 because he suppos$ t feet 7 to be measur$ n by ! quantity1 b ! numb] ( _! syllables2--a mi/ake ( :i* he is equally guilty :5 he excludes ! tro*ee1 :i*1 9 "t & quantity1 is precisely equal to ! iambic2 ?\gh x is und\bt$ly faulty at ! end ( a p]iod1 :i* always t]m9ates m agreeably 9 a long syllable ?an a %ort "o4 ,z to :at ,ari/otle has said ( ! paeon1 ! same has likewise be5 said by ,!ophra/us & ,!odectes4 ,b1 = my "p1 ,i am r ( op9ion t our language %\ld be int]m+l$ & div]sifi$ ) all ! v>ieties ( numb]2 = %\ld we conf9e ourselves to any p>ticul> feet1 x w\ld be impossible to escape ! c5sure ( ! he>]2 because our /yle %\ld nei!r be s exactly measur$ z t ( ! poets1 nor entirely de/itute ( numb]1 l t ( ! common p4 ,! =m]1 z be+ too regul> & uni=m1 betrays an appe>ance ( art2 & ! o!r1 :i* is z mu* too loose & undet]m9$1 has ! air ( ord9>y talk2 s t we receive no pleasure f ! "o1 & are absolutely disgu/$ ) ! o!r4 ,our /yle1 !re=e1 z ,i h j obs]v$1 %\ld be s bl5d$ & div]sifi$ ) diff]5t numb]s1 z to be nei!r too vague & unre/ra9$1 nor too op5ly num]\s1 b ab\nd mo/ 9 ! paeon 7s mu* recomm5d$ by ! excell5t au?or above-m5tion$7 ?\gh /ill 9 conjunction ) _m o!r feet :i* he entirely omits4 ,b we mu/ n[ consid] :at numb] l s _m da%es ( purple1 %\ld t9cture & enri* ! re/1 & to :at species ( /yle !y are ea* ( !m be/ adapt$4 ,! iambic1 !n1 %\ld be ! lead+ numb] 9 ^? subjects :i* require a pla9 & simple /yle2--! paeon 9 su* z require m compass & elevation2 & ! dactyl is equally applicable to bo?4 ,s t 9 a disc\rse ( any l5g? & v>iety1 x w be occasionally necess>y to bl5d & int]m+le !m all4 ,by ?is means1 our endeav\rs to modulate our p]iods1 & captivate ! e>1 w be mo/ effectually conceal$2 especially1 if we ma9ta9 a suitable dignity bo? ( language & s5tim5t4 ,= ! he>] w naturally att5d to ^! 7,i mean our words & s5tim5ts7 & to !m alone attribute ! pleasure he receives2 s t :ile he li/5s to ^! ) admiration1 ! h>mony ( our numb]s w escape 8 notice3 ?\gh x mu/ inde$ be ackn[l$g$ t ! =m] w\ld h _! *>ms )\t ! assi/ance ( ! latt]4 ,b ! fl[ ( our numb]s is n to be s exact 7,i mean 9 prose1 = 9 poetry ! case is diff]5t7 z t no?+ may exce$ ! b\nds ( regul>ity2 = ?is w\ld be to compose a poem4 ,on ! contr>y1 if our language nei!r limps nor fluctuates1 b keeps an ev5 & a /eady pace1 x is suffici5tly num]\s2 & x accord+ly d]ives ! title1 n f its consi/+ entirely ( numb]s1 b f its ne> approa* to a num]\s =m4 ,?is is ! reason :y x is m difficult to make elegant prose1 ?an to make v]ses2 because !re are fix$ & inv>iable rules = ! latt]2 :]eas no?+ is det]m9$ 9 ! =m]1 b t ! curr5t ( our language %\ld be nei!r immod]ate nor defective1 nor loose & unconf9$4 ,x _c be suppos$1 !re=e1 to admit ( regul> beats & divisions1 l a piece ( music2 b x is only necess>y t ! g5]al compass & arrangem5t ( our words %\ld be prop]ly re/ra9$ & limit$1--a circum/ance :i* mu/ be left entirely to ! decision ( ! e>4 ,ano!r "q :i* occurs be=e u1 is--:e!r an att5tion to our numb]s %\ld be ext5d$ to e "p ( a s5t5ce1 or only to ! beg9n+ & ! end4 ,mo/ au?ors are ( op9ion t x is only necess>y t our p]iods %\ld end well1 & h a num]\s cad5ce4 ,x is true1 inde$1 t ?is ought to be pr9cipally att5d$ to1 b n solely3 = ! :ole compass ( our p]iods ought likewise to be regulat$1 & n totally neglect$4 ,z ! e>1 !re=e1 always directs x's view to ! close ( a s5t5ce1 & !re fixes x's att5tion1 x is by no means prop] t ?is %\ld be de/itute ( numb]3 b x mu/ also be obs]v$ t a p]iod1 f x's fir/ comm5cem5t1 %\ld run freely on1 s z to correspond to ! conclusion2 & ! :ole advance f ! beg9n+ ) su* an easy fl[1 z to make a natural1 & a k9d ( volunt>y pause4 ,to ^? :o h be5 we'll practis$ 9 ! art1 & :o h bo? writt5 mu*2 & (t5 attempt$ to disc\rse extempore ) ! same accuracy :i* !y obs]ve 9 _! writ+s1 ?is w be f> less difficult ?an is imag9$4 ,= e s5t5ce is previ\sly =m$ & circumscrib$ 9 ! m9d ( ! ,speak]1 & is !n imm$iately att5d$ by ! prop] words to express x1 :i* ! same m5tal faculty 7?an :i* !re is no?+ m lively & exp$iti\s7 in/antly dismisses1 & s5ds (f ea* to its prop] po/3 b1 9 diff]5t s5t5ces1 _! p>ticul> ord] & arrangem5t w be diff]5tly t]m9at$2 ?\gh1 9 e s5t5ce1 ! words bo? 9 ! beg9n+ & ! middle ( x1 %\ld h a con/ant ref]5ce to ! end4 ,our language1 = in/ance1 mu/ sometimes advance ) rapidity1 & at o!r times x's pace mu/ be mod]ate & easy2 s t x w be necess>y at ! v beg9n+ ( a s5t5ce1 to resolve ^u ! mann] 9 :i* y w\ld h x t]m9ate2 b we mu/ avoid ! lea/ appe>ance ( poetry1 bo? 9 our numb]s1 & 9 ! o!r ornam5ts ( language2 ?\gh x is true1 inde$1 t ! lab\rs ( ! ,orator mu/ be conduct$ on ! same pr9ciples z ^? ( ! ,poet4 ,= 9 ea* we h ! same mat]ials to "w ^u1 & a simil> art ( manag+ !m2 ! mat]ials be+ words1 & ! art ( manag+ !m relat+1 9 bo? cases1 to ! mann] 9 :i* !y ought to be dispos$4 ,! words also 9 ea* may be divid$ into ?ree classes1--! metaphorical1--! new-co9$1--& ! antique2--= at pres5t we h no conc]n ) words prop]3--& ?ree p>ts may also be di/+ui%$ 9 ! art ( dispos+ !m2 :i*1 ,i h already obs]v$1 are juncture1 conc9nity1 & numb]4 ,! poets make use bo? ( "o & ! o!r m frequ5tly1 & ) great] lib]ty ?an we d2 = !y employ ! tropes n only mu* (t5]1 b m boldly & op5ly2 & !y introduce antique words ) a high] ta/e1 & new ones ) less res]ve4 ,! same may be said 9 _! numb]s1 9 ! use ( :i* !y are subject$ to inv>iable rules1 :i* !y are sc>cely ev] all[$ to transgress4 ,! two arts1 !re=e1 are to be consid]$ nei!r z :olly di/9ct1 nor p]fectly conjo9$4 ,?is is ! reason :y our numb]s are n to be s conspicu\s 9 prose z 9 v]se2 & t 9 prose1 :at is call$ a num]\s /yle1 does n always become s by ! use ( numb]s1 b sometimes ei!r by ! conc9nity ( our language1 or ! smoo? juncture ( our words4 ,to conclude ?is head2 ,if x %\ld be enquir$1 ,:at are ! numb]s to be us$ 9 prose8 ,i answ]1 ,all2 ?\gh "s are c]ta9ly bett]1 & m adapt$ to x's "* ?an o!rs4--,if ,:]e is _! prop] seat8--,9 ! diff]5t quantity ( our syllables3--,if ,f :5ce _! orig98--,f ! sole pleasure ( ! e>3--,if ,:at ! me?od ( bl5d+ & int]m+l+ !m8--,?is %all be expla9$ 9 ! sequel1 because x prop]ly relates to ! mann] ( us+ !m1 :i* 0 ! f\r? & la/ article 9 my division ( ! subject4 ,if x be f>!r enquir$1 ,= :at purpose !y are employ$8 ,i answ]1--,to gratify ! e>3--,if ,:58 ,i reply1 ,at all times3--,if ,9 :at "p ( a s5t5ce8 ,?r\gh ! :ole l5g? ( x3--& if ,:at is ! circum/ance :i* gives !m a pleas+ effect8 ,! same z 9 poetical compositions1 ^: metre is regulat$ by art1 ?\gh ! e> alone1 )\t ! assi/ance ( art1 c det]m9e x's limits by ! natural p[]s ( s5sation4 ,en\gh1 !re=e1 has be5 said conc]n+ ! nature & prop]ties ( numb]4 ,! next article to be consid]$ is ! mann] 9 :i* our numb]s %\ld be employ$1--a circum/ance :i* requires to be accurately discuss$4 ,"h x is usual to enquire1 :e!r x is necess>y to att5d to our numb]s ?r\gh ! :ole compass ( a p]iod1 ,footnote3 ,our au?or "h in=ms u1 t :at ! ,greeks call$ ,greek3 p]iodos1 a p]iod1 0 di/+ui%$ among ! ,romans by ! words ambitus1 circuitus1 compreh5sio1 cont9uatio1 & circumscriptio4 ,z ,i ?\ght ?is rem>k w\ld appe> mu* bett] 9 ! =m ( a note1 ?an 9 ! body ( ! "w1 ,i h introduc$ x accord+ly4 or only at ! beg9n+ or end ( x1 or equally 9 bo?4 ,9 ! next place1 z exact numb] seems to be "o ?+1 & t :i* is m]ely num]\s ano!r1 x might be enquir$ :]e9 lies ! diff]5ce4 ,we might likewise consid] :e!r ! memb]s ( a s5t5ce %\ld all indiff]5tly be ( ! same l5g?1 :atev] be ! numb]s !y are compos$ (2--or :e!r1 on ?is acc\nt1 !y %\ld n be sometimes long]1 & sometimes %ort]2--& :51 & = :at reasons1 !y %\ld be made s1 & ( :at numb]s !y %\ld be compos$2--:e!r ( sev]al sorts1 or only ( "o2 & :e!r ( equal or unequal numb]s2--& ^u :at occasions ei!r ! "o or ! o!r ( ^! are to be us$2-& :at numb]s accord be/ toge!r1 & 9 :at ord]2 or :e!r1 9 ?is respect1 !re is no diff]5ce betwe5 !m2--& 7:i* has /ill a m imm$iate ref]5ce to our subject7 by :at means our /yle may be r5d]$ num]\s4 ,x w likewise be necess>y to specify ! rise & orig9 ( a p]iodical =m ( language1 & :at degree ( compass %\ld be all[$ to x4 ,aft] ?is1 we may consid] ! memb]s or divisions ( a p]iod1 & enquire ( h[ _m k9ds1 & ( :at diff]5t l5g?s !y are2 &1 if !y v>y 9 ^! respects1 :]e & :5 ea* p>ticul> sort is to be employ$3 &1 9 ! la/ place1 ! use & application ( ! :ole is to be fully expla9$2--a v ext5sive subject1 & :i* is capable ( be+ accommodat$ n only to "o1 b to _m diff]5t occasions4 ,b )\t adv]t+ to p>ticul>s1 we may discuss ! subject at l>ge 9 su* a mann] z to furni% a satisfactory answ] 9 all subord9ate cases4 ,omitt+1 !re=e1 e o!r species ( composition1 we %all att5d to t :i* is peculi> to =5sic causes4 ,= 9 ^? p]=mances :i* are ( a diff]5t k9d1 su* z hi/ory1 panegyric1 & all disc\rses :i* are m]ely ornam5tal1 e s5t5ce %\ld be con/ruct$ aft] ! exact mann] ( ,isocrates & ,!opompus2 & ) t regul> compass1 & measur$ fl[ ( language1 t our words may con/antly run )9 ! limits prescrib$ by art1 & pursue a uni=m c\rse1 till ! p]iod is complet$4 ,we may1 !re=e1 obs]ve t aft] ! inv5tion ( ?is1 p]iodical =m1 no writ] ( any acc\nt has made a disc\rse :i* 0 int5d$ z a m]e display ( ornam5t1 & n = ! s]vice ( ! ,=um1 )\t squ>+ 8 language1 7if ,i may s express myself7 & conf9+ e s5t5ce ( x to ! /ricte/ laws ( numb]4 ,= z1 9 ?is case1 ! he>] has no motive to al>m 8 suspicions aga9/ ! artifice ( ! speak]1 he w r ?9k himself oblig$ to him ?an o!rwise1 = ! pa9s he takes to amuse & gratify 8 e>4 ,b1 9 =5sic causes1 ?is accurate species ( composition is nei!r to be :olly adopt$1 nor entirely reject$4 ,= if we pursue x too closely1 x w create a satiety1 & our att5tion to x w be discov]$ by ! mo/ illit]ate obs]v]4 ,we may add1 x w *eck ! pa?os & =ce ( action1 re/ra9 ! s5sibility ( ! ,speak]1 & de/roy all appe>ance ( tru? & op5 deal+4 ,b z x w sometimes be necess>y to adopt x1 we mu/ consid] :51 & h[ long1 ?is ought to be done1 & h[ _m ways x may be *ang$ & v>i$4 ,a num]\s /yle1 !n1 may be prop]ly employ$1 ei!r :5 any ?+ is to be comm5d$ 9 a free & ornam5tal mann]1 7z 9 my second ,invective aga9/ ,v]res1 :]e ,i spoke 9 praise ( ,sicily1 & 9 my ,spee* be=e ! ,s5ate1 9 :i* ,i v9dicat$ ! hon\r ( my consul%ip27--or2 9 ! next place1 :5 a n>rative is to be deliv]$ :i* requires m dignity ?an pa?os1 7z 9 my f\r? ,invective1 :]e ,i describ$ ! ,c]es ( ! ,enn5sians1 ! ,diana ( ! ,sege/ani1 & ! situation ( ,syracuse47 ,x is likewise (t5 all[able to speak 9 a num]\s & fl[+ /yle1 :5 a mat]ial circum/ance is to be amplifi$4 ,if ,i myself h n succe$$ 9 ?is s well z might be wi%$1 ,i h at lea/ attempt$ x v frequ5tly2 & x is /ill visible 9 _m ( my ,p]orations1 t ,i h ex]t$ all ! tal5ts ,i 0 ma/] ( = t purpose4 ,b ?is w always h mo/ efficacy1 :5 ! ,speak] has previ\sly possess$ himself ( ! he>]'s att5tion1 & got ! bett] ( 8 judgm5t4 ,= !n he is no long] appreh5sive ( any artifice to mislead him2 b he>s e ?+ ) a fav\rable e>1 wi%es ! ,orator to proce$1 &1 admir+ ! =ce ( 8 ,eloqu5ce1 has no incl9ation to c5sure x4 ,b ?is measur$ & num]\s fl[ ( language is nev] to be cont9u$ too long1 ,i w n say 9 ! p]oration1 7( :i* ! he>] himself w always be a capable judge7 b 9 any o!r "p ( a disc\rse3 =1 except 9 ! cases above-m5tion$1 9 :i* ,i h %ewn x is all[able1 our /yle mu/ be :olly conf9$ to ^? clauses or divisions :i* we errone\sly call incisa & membra2 b ! ,greeks1 ) m propriety1 ! comma & colon ,footnote3 ,! anci5ts apply ^! t]ms to ! s5se1 & n to any po9ts ( di/9ction4 ,a v %ort memb]1 :e!r simple or comp\nd1 ) !m is a comma2 & a long]1 a colon2 = !y h no su* t]m z a semicolon4 ,besides1 !y call a v %ort s5t5ce1 :e!r simple or comp\nd1 a comma2 & "o ( some:at a great] l5g?1 a colon4 ,& !re=e1 if a p]son express$ himself ei!r ( ^! ways1 9 any consid]able numb] ( s5t5ces toge!r1 he 0 said to speak by commas1 or colons4 ,b a s5t5ce conta9+ m words ?an w consi/ ) ei!r ( ^! t]ms1 !y call a simple p]iod2 ! lea/ comp\nd p]iod ) !m requir+ ! l5g? ( two colons4 ,w>d's ,rhetoric1 volume #a/1 page #cdd44 ,= x is impossible t ! names ( ?+s %\ld be rightly appli$1 :5 ! ?+s !mselves are n suffici5tly und]/ood3 & z we (t5 make use ( metaphorical t]ms1 ei!r = ! sake ( ornam5t1 or to supply ! place ( prop] ones1 s 9 o!r arts1 :5 we h occasion to m5tion any ?+ :i* 7?r\gh our unacqua9tance ) x7 has n yet receiv$ a "n1 we are oblig$ ei!r to inv5t a new "o1 or to borr[ x f some?+ simil>4 ,we %all soon consid] :at x is to speak 9 commas & colons1 & ! prop] me?od ( do+ x3 b we mu/ fir/ att5d to ! v>i\s numb]s by :i* ! cad5ce ( our p]iods %\ld be div]sifi$4 ,our numb]s w advance m rapidly by ! use ( %ort feet1 & m coolly & s$ately by ! use ( long ones4 ,! =m] are be/ adapt$ to a w>m & spirit$ /yle1 & ! latt] to sob] n>ratives & explanations4 ,b !re are sev]al numb]s = conclud+ a p]iod1 "o ( :i* 7call$ ! di*oree1 or d\ble *oree1 & consi/+ ( a long & a %ort syllable repeat$ alt]nately7 is mu* 9 vogue ) ! ,asiatics2 ?\gh among diff]5t p ! same feet are di/+ui%$ by diff]5t names4 ,! di*oree1 inde$1 is n ess5tially bad = ! close ( a s5t5ce3 b 9 prosaic numb]s no?+ c be m faulty ?an a cont9u$ or frequ5t repetition ( ! same cad5ce3 z ! di*oree1 !re=e1 is a v sonor\s numb]1 we %\ld be ! m sp>+ 9 ! use ( x1 to prev5t a satiety4 ,c4 ,c>bo1 ! son ( ,caius1 & a ,tribune ( ! p1 once said 9 a public trial 9 :i* ,i 0 p]sonally engag$1--,o ,m>ce ,druse1 ,patrem appello2 :]e y may obs]ve two commas1 ea* consi/+ ( two feet4 ,he !n made use ( ! two foll[+ colons1 ea* consi/+ ( ?ree feet1--,tu dic]e solebas1 sacram esse ,rempublicam3--& aft]w>ds ( ! p]iod1-- ,quicunque eam violaviss5t1 ab omnibus esse ei po5as p]solutas :i* ends ) a di*oree2 = x is immat]ial :e!r ! la/ syllable is long or %ort4 ,he add$1 ,patris dictum sapi5s1 tem]itas filii comprobavit conclud+ "h also ) a di*oree2 :i* 0 receiv$ ) su* a g5]al bur/ ( applause1 z p]fectly a/oni%$ me4 ,b 0 n ?is ! effect ( numb]8--,only *ange ! ord] ( ! words1 & say1--,comprobavit filii tem]itas & ! _s ( !m w be lo/1 ?\gh ! ^w tem]itas consi/s ( ?ree %ort syllables & a long "o1 :i* is ! fav\rite numb] ( ,ari/otle1 f :om1 h[ev]1 ,i "h beg leave to diss5t4 ,! words & s5tim5ts are inde$ ! fame 9 bo? cases2 & yet1 9 ! latt]1 ?\gh ! und]/&+ is satisfi$1 ! e> is n4 ,b ^! h>moni\s cad5ces are n to be repeat$ too (t53 =1 9 ! fir/ place1 our numb]s w be soon discov]$1--9 ! next1 !y w excite ! he>]'s disgu/1--&1 at la/1 be he>tily despis$ on acc\nt ( ! app>5t facility ) :i* !y are =m$4 ,b !re are sev]al o!r cad5ces :i* w h a num]\s & pleas+ effect3 = ev5 ! cretic1 :i* consi/s ( a long1 a %ort1 & a long syllable1 & x's companion ! paeon1 :i* is equal to x 9 quantity1 ?\gh x exce$s x 9 ! numb] ( syllables1 is reckon$ a prop] & a v useful +r$i5t 9 h>moni\s prose3 especially z ! latt] admits ( two v>ieties1 z consi/+ ei!r ( "o long & ?ree %ort syllables1 :i* w be lively en\gh at ! beg9n+ ( a s5t5ce1 b extremely flat at ! end2--or ( ?ree %ort syllables & a long "o1 :i* 0 highly approv$ ( by ! anci5ts at ! close ( a s5t5ce1 & :i* ,i w\ld n :olly reject1 ?\gh ,i give ! pref]5ce to o!rs4 ,ev5 ! sob] spondee is n to be entirely disc>d$2 = ?\gh x consi/s ( two long syllables1 & = t reason may seem r dull & heavy1 x has yet a firm & /eady /ep1 :i* gives x an air ( dignity1 & especially 9 ! comma & ! colon2 s t x suffici5tly comp5sates = ! sl[ness ( x's motion1 by x's peculi> weight & solemnity4 ,:5 ,i speak ( feet at ! close ( a p]iod1 ,i d n mean precisely ! la/4 ,i w\ld be und]/ood1 at lea/1 to include ! foot :i* imm$iately prec$es x2 &1 9 _m cases1 ev5 ! foot be=e t4 ,! iambic1 !re=e1 :i* consi/s ( a long syllable & a %ort "o1 & is equal 9 "t1 ?\gh n 9 ! numb] ( x's syllables1 to a *oree1 :i* has ?ree %ort ones2 or ev5 ! dactyl1 :i* consi/s ( "o long & two %ort syllables1 w unite agreeably en\gh ) ! la/ foot ( a s5t5ce1 :5 t foot is ei!r a *oree or a spondee2 = x is immat]ial :i* ( !m is employ$4 ,b ! ?ree feet ,i am m5tion+1 are nei!r ( !m v prop] = clos+ a p]iod1 7t is1 to =m ! la/ foot ( x7 unless :5 a dactyl is sub/itut$ = a cretic1 = y may use ei!r ( !m at pleasure2 because1 ev5 9 v]se1 x is ( no consequ5ce :e!r ! la/ syllable is long or %ort4 ,he1 !re=e1 :o recomm5d$ ! paeon1 z hav+ ! long syllable la/1 0 c]ta9ly guilty ( an ov]sight2 because ! quantity ( ! la/ syllable is nev] reg>d$4 ,! paeon1 h[ev]1 z consi/+ ( f\r syllables1 is reckon$ by "s to be only a numb]1 & n a foot4 ,b call x :i* y please1 x is 9 g5]al1 :at all ! anci5ts h repres5t$ x1 7su* z ,ari/otle1 ,!ophra/us1 ,!odectes1 & ,euphorus7 ! fitte/ ( all o!rs bo? = ! beg9n+ & ! middle ( a p]iod4 ,!y are likewise ( op9ion1 t x is equally prop] at ! end2 :]e1 9 my op9ion1 ! cretic des]ves ! pref]5ce4 ,! do*imus1 :i* consi/s ( five syllables1 7i4e4 a %ort & two long ones1 & a %ort1 & a long "o1 z 9 amicos t5es7 may be us$ indiff]5tly 9 any "p ( a s5t5ce1 provid$ x occurs b once3 = if x is cont9u$ or repeat$1 our att5tion to our numb]s w be discov]$1 & al>m ! suspicion ( ! he>]4 ,on ! o!r h&1 if we prop]ly bl5d & int]m+le ! sev]al v>ieties above-m5tion$1 our design w n be s readily notic$2 & we %all also prev5t t satiety :i* w\ld arise f an elaborate uni=mity ( cad5ce4 ,b ! h>mony ( language does n result entirely f ! use ( numb]s1 b f ! juncture & composition ( our words2 & f t neatness & conc9nity ( expression :i* ,i h already m5tion$4 ,by composition1 ,i "h mean :5 our words are s judici\sly connect$ z to produce an agreeable s\nd 7indep5d5t ( numb]s7 :i* r appe>s to be ! effect ( nature ?an ( art2 z 9 ! foll[+ passage f ,crassus1 ,nam ubi lubido dom9atur1 innoc5tiae leve praesidium e/ ,footnote3 ,9 ! s5t5ce :i* is "h quot$ f ,crassus1 e ^w :i* ends ) a consonant is imm$iately succe$$ by ano!r :i* beg9s ) a v[el2 &1 vice v]sa1 if ! prec$+ ^w ends ) a v[el1 ! next beg9s ) a consonant43 = "h ! m]e ord] 9 :i* ! words are connect$1 produces a h>mony ( s\nd1 )\t any visible att5tion ( ! ,speak]4 ,:5 ! anci5ts1 !re=e1 7,i mean ,h]odotus1 & ,?ucydides1 & all :o fl\ri%$ 9 ! same age7 compos$ a num]\s & a musical p]iod1 x mu/ r be attribut$ to ! casual ord] ( _! words1 ?an to ! lab\r & artifice ( ! writ]4 ,b !re are likewise c]ta9 =ms ( expression1 :i* h su* a natural conc9nity1 z w necess>ily h a simil> effect to t ( regul> numb]s4 ,= :5 p>allel circum/ances are comp>$1 or opposite ones contra/$1 or words ( ! same t]m9ation are plac$ 9 a regul> succesion1 !y seldom fail to produce a num]\s cad5ce4 ,b ,i h already treat$ ( ^!1 & subjo9$ a few examples2 s t we are h]eby furni%$ ) an additional & a copi\s v>iety ( means to avoid ! uni=mity ( cad5ce above-m5tion$2 especially z ^! measur$ =ms ( expression may be occasionally relax$ & dilat$4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 a mat]ial diff]5ce betwe5 a /yle :i* is m]ely num]\s1 7or1 9 o!r words1 :i* has a mod]ate resemblance to metre7 & t :i* is entirely compos$ ( numb]s3 ! latt] is an insuff]able fault2 b our language1 )\t ! =m]1 w\ld be absolutely vague1 unpoli%$1 & dissipat$4 ,b z a num]\s /yle 7/rictly s call$7 is n frequ5tly1 & inde$ b seldom admissible 9 =5sic causes1--x seems necess>y to enquire1 9 ! next place1 :at are ^? commas & colons be=e-m5tion$1 & :i*1 9 real causes1 %\ld occupy ! major "p ( an ,oration4 ,! p]iod1 or complete s5t5ce1 is usually compos$ ( f\r divisions1 :i* are call$ memb]s1 7or colons7 t x may prop]ly fill ! e>1 & be nei!r long] nor %ort] ?an is requisite = t purpose4 ,b x sometimes1 or r frequ5tly happ5s1 t a s5t5ce ei!r falls %ort (1 or exce$s ! limits ( a regul> p]iod1 to prev5t x f fatigu+ ! e> on ! "o h&1 or disappo9t+ x on ! o!r4 ,:at ,i mean is to recomm5d an agreeable m$iocrity3 = we are n treat+ ( v]se1 b ( rhetorical prose1 :i* is confess$ly m free & unconf9$4 ,a full p]iod1 !n1 is g5]ally compos$ ( f\r p>ts1 :i* may be comp>$ to z _m hexamet] v]ses1 ea* ( :i* h _! prop] po9ts1 or p>ticles ( cont9uation1 by :i* !y are connect$ s z to =m a p]fect p]iod4 ,b :5 we speak by colons1 we int]upt _! union1 &1 z (t5 z occasion requires 7:i* inde$ w frequ5tly be ! case7 break (f ) ease f ?is lab\r$ & suspici\s fl[ ( language2 b yet no?+ %\ld be s num]\s 9 reality z t :i* appe>s to be lea/ s1 & yet has a =cible effect4 ,su* is ! foll[+ passage 9 ,crassus3--,missos faciant patronos2 ipsi prodeant4 ,let !m dismiss _! patrons3 let !m answ] = !mselves4 ,unless ipsi prodeant 0 pron\nc$ aft] a pause1 ! he>] mu/ h discov]$ a complete iambic v]se4 ,x w\ld h _h a bett] cad5ce 9 prose if he _h said prodeant ipsi4 ,b ,i am only to consid] ! species1 & n ! cad5ce ( ! s5t5ce4 ,he goes on1 ,cur cl&e/9is consiliis nos oppugnant8 cur de p]fugis no/ris copias comp>ant contra nos8 ,:y d !y attack u by cl&e/9e measures8 :y d !y collect =ces aga9/ u f our own des]t]s8 ,9 ! =m] passage !re are two commas3 9 ! latt] he fir/ makes use ( ! colon1 & aft]w>ds ( ! p]iod3 b ! p]iod is n a long "o1 z only consi/+ ( two colons1 & ! :ole t]m9ates 9 spondees4 ,9 ?is mann] ,crassus g5]ally express$ himself2 & ,i mu* approve 8 me?od4 ,b :5 we speak ei!r 9 commas1 or colons1 we %\ld be v att5tive to ! h>mony ( _! cad5ce3 z 9 ! foll[+ in/ance4--,domus tibi de]at8 at habebas4 ,pecunia sup]abat8 at egebas4 ,0 y )\t a habitation8 ,y _h a h\se ( y\r own4 ,0 y\r pocket well provid$8 ,y 0 n ma/] ( a f>?+4 ,^! are f\r commas2 b ! two foll[+ memb]s are bo? colons2--,incurri/i om5s 9 columnas1 9 ali5os insanus insani/i4 ,y ru%$ l a madman ^u y\r be/ support]s2 y v5t$ y\r fury on y\r enemies )put m]cy4 ,! :ole is aft]w>ds support$ by a full p]iod1 z by a solid basis2--,depressam1 caecam1 jac5tem domum1 pluris quam te1 et =tunas tuas ae/im/i4 ,y h %ewn m reg>d to an unprosp]\s1 an obscure1 & a fall5 family1 ?an to y\r own safety & reputation4 ,?is s5t5ce ends ) a di*oree1 b ! prece$+ "o 9 a d\ble spondee4 ,= 9 ^? s5t5ces :i* are to be us$ l dagg]s = close-fight+1 _! v %ortness makes our numb]s less exceptionable4 ,!y frequ5tly consi/ ( a s+le numb]2-- g5]ally ( two1 ) ! addition p]haps ( half a foot to ea*3 & v seldom ( m ?an ?ree4 ,to speak 9 commas or colons has a v good effect 9 real causes2 & especially 9 ^? p>ts ( an ,oration :]e x is y\r bus9ess ei!r to prove or refute3 z 9 my second def5ce ( ,cornelius1 :]e ,i exclaim$1 ,o callidos hom9es6 ,o rem excogitatam6 ,o +5ia metu5da6 ,:at admirable s*em]s6 :at a curi\s contrivance6 :at =midable tal5ts6 ,?us f> ,i spoke 9 colons2 & aft]w>ds by commas2 & !n return$ to ! colon1 9 ,te/es d>e volumus1 ,we are will+ to produce our witnesses4 ,?is 0 succe$$ by ! foll[+ p]iod1 consi/+ ( two colons1 :i* is ! %orte/ t c be =m$1--,quem1 quaeso1 no/rm sesellit ita vos esse facturos8 ,:i* ( u1 ?9k y1 _h n ! s5se to =esee t y w\ld proce$ 9 ?is mann]8 ,!re is no me?od ( express+ ourselves :i*1 if prop]ly tim$1 is m agreeable or =cible1 ?an ^! rapid turns1 :i* are complet$ 9 two or ?ree words1 & sometimes 9 a s+le "o2 especially1 :5 !y are prop]ly div]sifi$1 & int]m+l$ "h & !re ) a num]\s p]iod2 :i* ,egesias avoids ) su* a ridicul\s nicety1 t :ile he affects to imitate ,lysias 7:o 0 almo/ a second ,demo/h5es7 he seems to be cont9ually cutt+ cap]s1 & clipp+ s5t5ce aft] s5t5ce4 ,he is z frivol\s 9 8 s5tim5ts z 9 8 language3 s t no p]son :o is acqua9t$ ) 8 writ+s1 ne$ to seek any f>!r = a coxcomb4 ,b ,i h select$ sev]al examples f ,crassus1 & a few ( my own1 t any p]son1 :o is s incl9$1 may h an opportunity ( judg+ ) 8 own e>s1 :at is really num]\s1 z well 9 ! %orte/ z 9 any o!r k9d ( s5t5ces4 ,hav+1 !re=e1 treat$ ( a num]\s /yle m copi\sly ?an any au?or be=e me1 ,i %all n[ proce$ to say some?+ ( x's utility4 ,= to speak h&somely1 & l an ,orator 7z no "o1 my ,brutus1 kn[s bett] ?an y\rself7 is no?+ m ?an to express ! *oice/ s5tim5ts 9 ! f9e/ language4 ,! noble/ ?\ghts w be ( little s]vice to an orator1 unless he is able to communicate !m 9 a correct & agreeable /yle3 nor w ! spl5dor ( our expressions appe> to a prop] advantage1 unless !y are c>efully & judici\sly rang$4 ,p]mit me to add1 t ! beauty ( bo? w be consid]ably height5$ by ! h>mony ( our numb]s3--su* numb]s 7= ,i _c repeat x too (t57 z are n only n cem5t$ toge!r1 l ^? ( ! poets1 b :i* avoid all appe>ance ( metre1 & h z little resemblance to x z possible2 ?\gh x is c]ta9ly true t ! numb]s !mselves are ! same1 n only ( ! ,poets & ,orators1 b ( all 9 g5]al :o ex]cise ! faculty ( spee*1 &1 inde$1 ( e in/rum5t :i* produces a s\nd ^: "t c be measur$ by ! e>4 ,x is ow+ entirely to ! diff]5t arrangem5t ( our feet t a s5t5ce assumes ei!r ! easy air ( prose1 or ! uni=mity ( v]se4 ,call x1 !re=e1 by :at "n y please 7,composition1 ,p]fection1 or ,numb]7 x is a necess>y re/ra9t ^u our language2 n only 7z ,ari/otle & ,!ophra/us h obs]v$7 to prev5t our s5t5ces 7:i* %\ld be limit$ nei!r by ! brea? ( ! speak]1 nor ! po9t+ ( a transcrib]1 b by ! sole re/ra9t ( numb]7 f runn+ on )\t int]mission l a babbl+ curr5t ( wat]2 b *iefly1 because our language1 :5 prop]ly measur$1 has a mu* great] effect ?an :5 x is loose & unconf9$4 ,= z ,wre/l]s & ,gladiators1 :e!r !y p>ry or make an assault1 h a c]ta9 grace 9 _! motions1 s t e ef=t :i* contributes to ! def5ce or ! victory ( ! combatants1 pres5ts an agreeable attitude to ! eye3 s ! p[]s ( language c nei!r give nor evade an important bl[1 unless !y are gracefully ex]t$4 ,t /yle1 !re=e1 :i* is n regulat$ by numb]s1 is to me z unbecom+ z ! motions ( a ,gladiator :o has n be5 prop]ly tra9$ & ex]cis$3 & s f> is our language f be+ en]vat$ by a skilful arrangem5t ( our words 7z is pret5d$ by ^? :o1 = want ei!r ( prop] in/ructors1 capacity1 or dilig5ce1 h n be5 able to atta9 x7 t1 on ! contr>y1 )\t ?is1 x is impossible x %\ld h any =ce or efficacy4 ,b x requires a long & att5tive c\rse ( practice to avoid ! blemi%es ( ^? :o 7 unacqua9t$ ) ?is num]\s species ( composition1 s z n to transpose our words too op5ly to assi/ ! cad5ce & h>mony ( our p]iods2 :i* ,l4 ,caelius ,antipat]1 9 ! ,introduction to 8 ,punic ,w>1 decl>es he w\ld nev] attempt1 unless :5 compell$ by necessity4 ,o virum simplicem1 7says he1 speak+ ( himself7 qui nos nihil celat2 sapi5tem1 qui s]vi5dum necessitati putet4 ,o simple man1 :o has n ! skill 8 art to conceal2 & yet to ! rigid laws ( necessity he has ! wisdom to submit4 ,b he 0 totally unskill$ 9 composition4 ,by u1 h[ev]1 bo? 9 writ+ & speak+1 necessity is nev] admitt$ z a valid plea2 =1 9 fact1 !re is no su* ?+ z an absolute con/ra9t ^u ! ord] & arrangem5t ( our words2 &1 if !re 01 x is c]ta9ly unnecess>y to own x4 ,b ,antipat]1 ?\gh he reque/s ! indulg5ce ( ,laelius1 to :om he d$icates 8 "w1 & attempts to excuse himself1 frequ5tly transposes 8 words )\t contribut+ 9 ! lea/ ei!r to ! h>mony1 or agreeable cad5ce ( 8 p]iods4 ,!re are o!rs1 & p>ticul>ly ! ,asiatics1 :o are su* slaves to numb]1 z to ins]t words :i* h no use nor mean+ to fill up ! vacuities 9 a s5t5ce4 ,!re are likewise "s :o1 9 imitation ( ,hegesias 7a notori\s trifl] z well 9 ?is z 9 e o!r respect7 curtail & m9ce _! numb]s1 & are ?us betray$ into ! l[ & paltry /yle ( ! ,sicilians4 ,ano!r fault 9 composition is t :i* occurs 9 ! spee*es ( ,hi]ocles & ,m5ecles1 two bro!rs1 :o may be consid]$ z ! pr9ces ( ,asiatic ,eloqu5ce1 &1 9 my op9ion1 are by no means contemptible3 = ?\gh !y deviate f ! /yle ( nature1 & ! /rict laws ( ,atticism1 yet !y abundantly comp5sate ! defect by ! ri*ness & f]tility ( _! language4 ,b !y h no v>iety ( cad5ce1 & _! s5t5ces are almo/ always t]m9at$ 9 ! same mann]4 ,he !re=e1 :o c>efully avoids ^! blemi%es1 & :o nei!r transposes 8 words too op5ly1--nor ins]ts any ?+ sup]flu\s or unmean+ to fill up ! *asms ( a p]iod1--nor curtails & clips 8 language1 s z to int]rupt & en]vate ! =ce ( x1-- nor conf9es himself to a dull uni=mity ( cad5ce1--he may ju/ly be said to avoid ! pr9cipal & mo/ /rik+ defects ( prosaic h>mony4 ,z to its positive graces1 ^! we h already specifi$2 & f !nce ! p>ticul> blemi%es :i* are opposite to ea*1 w readily occur to ! att5tive read]4 ,( :at consequ5ce x is to regulate ! /ructure ( our language1 may be easily tri$ by select+ a well-wr\ght p]iod f "s ,orator ( reputation1 & *ang+ ! arrangem5t ( ! words2 ,footnote3 ,pr(essor ,w>d has comm5t$ ^u an example ( ?is k9d f ! preface to ! ,v? volume ( ! ,spectator3--,y h act$ 9 s mu* consi/5cy ) y\rself1 & promot$ ! int]e/s ( y\r c\ntry 9 s uni=m a mann]2 t ev5 ^?1 :o w\ld misrepres5t y\r g5]\s designs = ! public good1 _c b approve ! /ead9ess & intr$ipity1 ) :i* y pursue !m4 ,i ?9k1 says ! ,doctor1 ?is may be ju/ly e/eem$ an h&some p]iod4 ,x beg9s ) ease1 rises gradually till ! voice is inflect$1 !n s9ks aga91 & ends ) a j cad5cy1 ,& p]haps !re is n a ^w 9 x1 :ole situation w\ld be alt]$ to an advantage4 ,let u n[ b %ift ! place ( "o ^w 9 ! la/ memb]1 & we %all spoil ! beauty ( ! :ole s5t5ce4 ,= if1 in/ead ( say+1 z x n[ /&s1 _c b approve ! /ead9ess & intrepidity1 ) :i* y pursue !m2 we put x ?us1 _c b approve ! /ead9ess & intrepidity :i* y pursue !m )2 ! cad5cy w be flat & languid1 & ! h>mony ( ! p]iod entirely lo/4 ,let u try x aga9 by alt]+ ! place ( ! two la/ memb]s1 :i* at pres5t /& 9 ?is ord]1 t ev5 ^? :o w\ld misrepres5t y\r g5]\s designs = ! public good1 _c b approve ! /ead9ess & intrepidity1 ) :i* y pursue !m4 ,n[ if ! =m] memb] be ?r[n la/1 !y w run ?us1 t ev5 ^? _c b approve ! /ead9ess & intrepidity1 ) :i* y pursue !m1 :o w\ld misrepres5t y\r g5]\s designs = ! public good4 ,"h ! s5se is mu* obscur$ by ! inv]sion ( ! relative !m1 :i* ought to ref] to some?+ t w5t be=e1 & n to ! words g5]\s designs1 :i* 9 ?is situation ( ! memb]s are plac$ aft] x4 ,,w>d',s ,rhetoric4 ,vol4 #a1 p4 #cch1 #cci4 ! beauty ( x w\ld !n be mangl$ & de/roy$4 ,suppose1 = in/ance1 we take ! foll[+ passage f my ,def5ce ( ,cornelius1--,neque me divitae mov5t1 quibus omnes ,africanos et ,laelios1 multi v5alitii m]catoresque sup]>unt4 ,nor am ,i dazzl$ by ! spl5dor ( weal?1 9 :i* _m retail]s1 & private tradesm5 h outvi$ all ! ,africani & ! ,lelii ,only inv]t ! ord] a little1 & say1--,multi sup]runt m]catores1 v5atitiique1 & ! h>mony ( ! p]iod w be l(t4 ,try ! exp]im5t on ! next s5t5ce2--,neque ve/es1 aut celatum aurum1 arg5tum1 quo no/ros vet]es ,m>cellos1 ,maximosque multi eunu*i e ,syri ,egyptoque vic]unt3 ,nor d4 ,i pay ! lea/ reg>d to co/ly habits1 or magnific5t s]vices ( plate1 9 :i* _m eunu*s1 import$ f ,syria & ,egypt1 h f> surpass$ ! illu/ri\s ,m>celli1 & ! ,maximi4 ,alt] ! disposition ( ! words into1 vic]unt eunu*i e ,syria1 ,egyptoque1 & ! :ole beauty ( ! s5t5ce w be de/roy$4 ,take a ?ird passage f ! same p>agraph2--,neque v]o ornam5ta i/a vill>um1 quibus ,paulum ,l4 ,mummium1 qui rebus 8 urbem1 ,italiamque omnem res]s]unt1 ab aliquo video p]facile ,deliaco aut ,syro potuisse sup]>i3--,nor ! spl5did ornam5ts ( a rural villa1 9 :i* ,i daily behold e paltry ,delian & ,syrian outvy+ ! dignity ( ,paulus & ,lucius ,mummius1 :o1 by _! victories1 suppli$ ! :ole city1 & inde$ e "p ( ,italy1 ) a sup]- fluity ( ^! glitt]+ trifles6 ,only *ange ! latt] "p ( ! s5t5ce into1-- potuisse sup]>i ab aliquo ,syro aut ,deliaco1 & y w see1 ?\gh ! mean+ & ! words are /ill ! same1 t1 by mak+ ?is slight alt]ation 9 ! ord]1 & break+ ! =m ( ! p]iod1 ! :ole =ce & _s ( x w be lo/4 ,on ! o!r h&1 take "o ( ! brok5 s5t5ces ( a writ] unskill$ 9 composition1 & make ! smalle/ alt]ation 9 ! arrangem5t ( ! words1--& t :i* be=e 0 loose & disord]$1 w assume a j & a regul> =m4 ,let u1 = in/ance1 take ! foll[+ passage f ! spee* ( ,grac*us to ! ,c5sors2--,abesse non pote/1 qu9 ejusdem hom9is fit1 probos improb>e1 qui improbos probet2 ,!re is no possibility ( d\bt+ t ! same p]son :o is an enemy to virtue1 mu/ be a fri5d to vice4 ,h[ mu* bett] w\ld ! p]iod h t]m9at$ if he _h said1--qu9 ejusdem hom9is fit1 qui improbos probet1 probos improb>e6--t ! same p]son :o is a fri5d to vice1 mu/ be an enemy to virtue6 ,!re is no "o :o w\ld object to ! la/3--nay1 x is impossible t any "o :o 0 able to speak ?us1 %\ld h be5 will+ to express himself o!rwise4 ,b ^? :o h pret5d$ to speak 9 a diff]5t mann]1 _h n skill en\gh to speak z !y ought2 & = t reason1 truly1 we mu/ applaud !m = _! ,attic ta/e2--z if ! great ,,demo/h5es c\ld speak l an ,asiatic ,footnote3 ,quasi v]o ,trallianus fu]it ,demo/h5es4 ,trallianus signifies an inhabitant ( ,tralles1 a city 9 ! less] ,asia1 betwe5 ,c>ia & ,lydia4 ,! ,asiatics1 9 ! e/imation ( ,cic]o1 7 n di/+ui%$ by ! delicacy ( _! ta/e41--t ,demo/h5es1 ^: ?und] w\ld h lo/ half x's =ce1 if x's flight _h n be5 accel]at$ by ! rapidity ( 8 numb]s4 ,b if any are bett] pleas$ ) a brok5 & dissipat$ /yle1 let !m foll[ _! hum\r1 provid$ !y condesc5d to c\nt]balance x by ! weight1 & dignity ( _! s5tim5ts3 9 ! same mann]1 z if a p]son %\ld da% to pieces ! celebrat$ %ield ( ,phidias1 ?\gh he w\ld de/roy ! symmetry ( ! :ole1 ! fragm5ts w\ld /ill reta9 _! sep>ate beauty2--or1 z 9 ! hi/ory ( ,?ucydides1 ?\gh we discov] no h>mony 9 ! /ructure ( 8 p]iods1 !re are yet _m beauties :i* excite our admiration4 ,b ^! trifl]s1 :5 !y pres5t u ) "o ( _! rugg$ & brok5 s5t5ces1 9 :i* !re is nei!r a ?\ght1 nor ^w1 b :at is l[ & pu]ile1 appe> to me 7if ,i may v5ture on a comp>ison :i* is n inde$ v elevat$1 b is /rictly applicable to ! case 9 h&7 to h unti$ a besom1 t we may contemplate ! scatt]$ twigs4 ,if1 h[ev]1 !y wi% to conv9ce u t !y really despise ! species ( composition :i* ,i h n[ recomm5d$1 let !m fav\r u ) a few l9es 9 ! ta/e ( ,isocrates1 or su* z we f9d 9 ! orations ( ,aes*9es & ,demo/h5es4 ,i w !n believe !y decl9e ! use ( x1 n f a consci\sness ( _! inability to put x 9 practice1 b f a real conviction ( x's futility2 or1 at lea/1 ,i w engage to f9d a p]son1 :o1 on ! same condition1 w und]take ei!r to speak or write1 9 any language !y may please to fix ^u1 9 ! v mann] !y propose4 ,= x is mu* easi] to disord] a good p]iod1 ?an to h>monize a bad "o4 ,b1 to speak my :ole mean+ at once1 to be scrupul\sly att5tive to ! measure & h>mony ( our p]iods1 )\t a prop] reg>d to our s5tim5ts1 is absolute madness3--&1 on ! o!r h&1 to speak s5sibly & judici\sly1 )\t att5d+ to ! arrangem5t ( our words1 & ! regul>ity ( our p]iods1 is 7at ! be/7 to speak v awkw>dly2 b x is su* a k9d ( awkw>dness t ^? :o are guilty ( x1 may n only escape ! title ( blockheads1 b pass = m5 ( good-s5se & und]/&+2--a "* :i* ^? speak]s :o are cont5t$ ) x1 are he>tily welcome to enjoy6 ,b an ,orator :o is expect$ n only to m]it ! approbation1 b to excite ! wond]1 ! acclamations1 & ! plaudits ( ^? :o he> him1 mu/ excel 9 e "p ( ,eloqu5ce1 & be s ?or\ghly accompli%$1 t x w\ld be a disgrace to him t any ?+ %\ld be ei!r se5 or he>d ) great] pleasure ?an himself4 99 99 99 99 99 ,?us1 my ,brutus1 ,i h giv5 y my op9ion ( a complete ,orator2 :i* y are at lib]ty ei!r to adopt or reject1 z y\r bett] judgm5t %all incl9e y4 ,if y see reason to ?9k diff]5tly1 ,i %all h no objection to x2 nor s f> indulge my vanity z to presume t my s5tim5ts1 :i* ,i h s freely communicat$ 9 ! pres5t ,essay1 are m j & accurate ?an y\rs4 ,= x is v possible n only t y & ,i may h diff]5t notions1 b t :at appe>s true ev5 to myself at "o "t1 may appe> o!rwise at ano!r4 ,nor only 9 ! pres5t case1 :i* be det]m9$ by ! ta/e ( ! multitude1 & ! caprici\s pleasure ( ! e> 7:i* are1 p]haps1 ! mo/ unc]ta9 judges we c fix ^u7--b 9 ! mo/ important bran*es ( sci5ce1 h ,i yet be5 able to discov] a sur] rule to direct my judgm5t1 ?an to embrace t :i* has ! greate/ appe>ance ( probability3 = ,tru? is cov]$ ) too ?ick a veil to be di/+ui%$ to a c]ta9ty4 ,i reque/1 !re=e1 if :at ,i h advanc$ %\ld n h ! happ9ess to m]it y\r approbation1 t y w be s mu* my fri5d z to conclude1 ei!r t ! talk ,i h attempt$ is impracticable1 or t my unwill+ness to disoblige y has betray$ me into ! ra% presumption ( und]tak+ a subject to :i* my abilities are unequal4