,,! ,,voyage ,,( ,,! ,,beagle ,,by ,,*>les ,,d>w9 ,ab\t ! onl9e edition4 ,! degree symbol is repres5t$ z degs4 ,italics are repres5t$ z italics4 ,footnotes are collect$ at ! end ( ea* *apt]4 ,,! ,,voyage ,,( ,,! ,,beagle ,,preface ,i h /at$ 9 ! preface to ! fir/ ,edition ( ?is "w1 & 9 ! ,zoology ( ! ,voyage ( ! ,beagle1 t x 0 9 consequ5ce ( a wi% express$ by ,capta9 ,fitz ,roy1 ( hav+ "s sci5tific p]son on bo>d1 accompani$ by an (f] f him ( giv+ up "p ( 8 own accommodations1 t ,i volunte]$ my s]vices1 :i* receiv$1 ?r\gh ! k9dness ( ! hydrograph]1 ,capta9 ,beau=t1 ! sanction ( ! ,lords ( ! ,admiralty4 ,z ,i feel t ! opportunities :i* ,i enjoy$ ( /udy+ ! ,natural ,hi/ory ( ! diff]5t c\ntries we visit$1 h be5 :olly due to ,capta9 ,fitz ,roy1 ,i hope ,i may "h be p]mitt$ to repeat my expression ( gratitude to him2 & to add t1 dur+ ! five ye>s we 7 toge!r1 ,i receiv$ f him ! mo/ cordial fri5d%ip & /eady assi/ance4 ,bo? to ,capta9 ,fitz ,roy & to all ! ,(fic]s ( ! ,beagle #a ,i %all ev] feel mo/ ?ankful = ! undeviat+ k9dness ) :i* ,i 0 treat$ dur+ our long voyage4 ,?is volume conta9s1 9 ! =m ( a ,j\rnal1 a hi/ory ( our voyage1 & a sket* ( ^? obs]vations 9 ,natural ,hi/ory & ,geology1 :i* ,i ?9k w possess "s int]e/ = ! g5]al read]4 ,i h 9 ?is edition l>gely cond5s$ & correct$ "s p>ts1 & h add$ a little to o!rs1 9 ord] to r5d] ! volume m fitt$ = popul> read+2 b ,i tru/ t naturali/s w rememb]1 t !y mu/ ref] = details to ! l>g] publications :i* comprise ! sci5tific results ( ! ,exp$ition4 ,! ,zoology ( ! ,voyage ( ! ,beagle includes an acc\nt ( ! ,fossil ,mammalia1 by ,pr(essor ,ow52 ( ! ,liv+ ,mammalia1 by ,mr4 ,wat]h\se2 ( ! ,birds1 by ,mr4 ,g\ld2 ( ! ,fi%1 by ! ,rev4 ,l4 ,j5yns2 & ( ! ,reptiles1 by ,mr4 ,bell4 ,i h app5d$ to ! descriptions ( ea* species an acc\nt ( its habits & range4 ,^! works1 :i* ,i owe to ! high tal5ts & dis9t]e/$ zeal ( ! above di/+ui%$ au?ors1 c\ld n h be5 und]tak51 _h x n be5 = ! lib]ality ( ! ,lords ,commission]s ( ,h] ,maje/y's ,treasury1 :o1 ?r\gh ! repres5tation ( ! ,"r ,hon\rable ! ,*ancellor ( ! ,ex*equ]1 h be5 pleas$ to grant a sum ( "o ?\s& p\nds t[>ds defray+ "p ( ! exp5ses ( publication4 ,i h myself publi%$ sep>ate volumes on ! ',/ructure & ,di/ribution ( ,coral ,reefs2' on ! ',volcanic ,isl&s visit$ dur+ ! ,voyage ( ! ,beagle2' & on ! ',geology ( ,s\? ,am]ica4' ,! six? volume ( ! ',geological ,transactions' conta9s two pap]s ( m9e on ! ,erratic ,b\ld]s & ,volcanic ,ph5om5a ( ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,messrs4 ,wat]h\se1 ,walk]1 ,newman1 & ,:ite1 h publi%$ sev]al able pap]s on ! ,insects :i* 7 collect$1 & ,i tru/ t _m o!rs w h]eaft] foll[4 ,! plants f ! s\!rn p>ts ( ,am]ica w be giv5 by ,dr4 ,j4 ,hook]1 9 8 great "w on ! ,botany ( ! ,s\!rn ,hemisph]e4 ,! ,flora ( ! ,galapagos ,ar*ipelago is ! subject ( a sep>ate memoir by him1 9 ! ',l9nean ,transactions4' ,! ,rev]5d ,pr(essor ,h5sl[ has publi%$ a li/ ( ! plants collect$ by me at ! ,keel+ ,isl&s2 & ! ,rev]5d ,j4 ,m4 ,b]keley has describ$ my cryptogamic plants4 ,i %all h ! pleasure ( ackn[l$g+ ! great assi/ance :i* ,i h receiv$ f sev]al o!r naturali/s1 9 ! c\rse ( ?is & my o!r works2 b ,i mu/ be "h all[$ to return my mo/ s9c]e ?anks to ! ,rev]5d ,pr(essor ,h5sl[1 :o1 :5 ,i 0 an und]graduate at ,cambridge1 0 "o *ief means ( giv+ me a ta/e = ,natural ,hi/ory1--:o1 dur+ my abs5ce1 took *>ge ( ! collections ,i s5t home1 & by 8 correspond5ce direct$ my endeav\rs1--& :o1 s9ce my return1 has con/antly r5d]$ me e assi/ance :i* ! k9de/ fri5d c\ld (f]4 ,,d[n1 ,,bromley1 ,,k5t1 ,june #i1 #ahde #a ,i mu/ take ?is opportunity ( return+ my s9c]e ?anks to ,mr4 ,bynoe1 ! surgeon ( ! ,beagle1 = 8 v k9d att5tion to me :5 ,i 0 ill at ,valp>aiso4 ,,! ,,voyage ,,( ,,! ,,beagle ,,*apt] ,i ,,/4 ,,jago--,,cape ,,de ,,v]d ,,isl&s ,porto ,praya--,ribeira ,gr&e--,atmosph]ic ,du/ ) ,infusoria--,habits ( a ,sea-slug & ,cuttle-fi%--,/4 ,paul's ,rocks1 non-volcanic--,s+ul> ,incru/ations--,insects ! fir/ ,coloni/s ( ,isl&s--,f]n&o ,noronha--,bahia--,burni%$ ,rocks--,habits ( a ,diodon--,pelagic ,conf]vae & ,infusoria--,causes ( discol\r$ ,sea4 ,,aft] hav+ be5 twice driv5 back by heavy s\?we/]n gales1 ,h] ,maje/y's %ip ,beagle1 a t5-gun brig1 "u ! comm& ( ,capta9 ,fitz ,roy1 ,r4 ,n41 sail$ f ,devonport on ! #bg? ( ,decemb]1 #ahca4 ,! object ( ! exp$ition 0 to complete ! survey ( ,patagonia & ,ti]ra del ,fuego1 comm5c$ "u ,capta9 ,k+ 9 #ahbf to #ahcj1--to survey ! %ores ( ,*ile1 ,p]u1 & ( "s isl&s 9 ! ,pacific--& to c>ry a *a9 ( *ronometrical measurem5ts r\nd ! ,_w4 ,on ! #f? ( ,janu>y we rea*$ ,t5]iffe1 b 7 prev5t$ l&+1 by fe>s ( our br++ ! *ol]a3 ! next morn+ we saw ! sun rise beh9d ! rugg$ outl9e ( ! ,gr& ,can>y isl&1 & sudd5ly illum9ate ! ,peak ( ,t5]iffe1 :il/ ! l[] p>ts 7 veil$ 9 fleecy cl\ds4 ,?is 0 ! fir/ ( _m delightful days nev] to be =gott54 ,on ! #af? ( ,janu>y1 #ahcb1 we an*or$ at ,porto ,praya1 9 ,/4 ,jago1 ! *ief isl& ( ! ,cape de ,v]d ar*ipelago4 ,! neighb\rhood ( ,porto ,praya1 view$ f ! sea1 we>s a desolate aspect4 ,! volcanic fires ( a pa/ age1 & ! scor*+ heat ( a tropical sun1 h 9 mo/ places r5d]$ ! soil unfit = vegetation4 ,! c\ntry rises 9 successive /eps ( table-l&1 int]sp]s$ ) "s truncate conical hills1 & ! horizon is b\nd$ by an irregul> *a9 ( m l(ty m\nta9s4 ,! sc5e1 z beheld ?r\gh ! hazy atmosph]e ( ?is climate1 is "o ( great int]e/2 if1 inde$1 a p]son1 fre% f sea1 & :o has j walk$1 = ! fir/ "t1 9 a grove ( cocoa-nut trees1 c be a judge ( any?+ b 8 own happ9ess4 ,! isl& w\ld g5]ally be consid]$ z v un9t]e/+1 b to anyone accu/om$ only to an ,engli% l&scape1 ! novel aspect ( an utt]ly /]ile l& possesses a gr&eur :i* m vegetation might spoil4 ,a s+le gre5 leaf c sc>cely be discov]$ ov] wide tracts ( ! lava pla9s2 yet flocks ( goats1 toge!r ) a few c[s1 contrive to exi/4 ,x ra9s v seldom1 b dur+ a %ort portion ( ! ye> heavy torr5ts fall1 & imm$iately aft]w>ds a light vegetation spr+s out ( e crevice4 ,?is soon )]s2 & ^u su* naturally =m$ hay ! animals live4 ,x _h n n[ ra9$ = an entire ye>4 ,:5 ! isl& 0 discov]$1 ! imm$iate neighb\rhood ( ,porto ,praya 0 clo!d ) trees1 #a ! reckless de/ruction ( :i* has caus$ "h1 z at ,/4 ,hel5a1 & at "s ( ! ,can>y isl&s1 almo/ entire /]ility4 ,! broad1 flat-bottom$ valleys1 _m ( :i* s]ve dur+ a few days only 9 ! season z wat]-c\rses1 are clo!d ) ?ickets ( leafless bu%es4 ,few liv+ creatures inhabit ^! valleys4 ,! commone/ bird is a k+fi%] 7,dacelo ,iago5sis71 :i* tamely sits on ! bran*es ( ! ca/or-oil plant1 & !nce d>ts on gras%opp]s & liz>ds4 ,x is brightly col\r$1 b n s beautiful z ! ,european species3 9 its flight1 mann]s1 & place ( habitation1 :i* is g5]ally 9 ! drie/ valley1 !re is also a wide diff]5ce4 ,"o day1 two ( ! (fic]s & myself rode to ,ribeira ,gr&e1 a village a few miles ea/w>d ( ,porto ,praya4 ,until we rea*$ ! valley ( ,/4 ,m>t91 ! c\ntry pres5t$ its usual dull br[n appe>ance2 b "h1 a v small rill ( wat] produces a mo/ refre%+ m>g9 ( luxuriant vegetation4 ,9 ! c\rse ( an h\r we arriv$ at ,ribeira ,gr&e1 & 7 surpris$ at ! sight ( a l>ge ru9$ =t & ca!dral4 ,?is little t[n1 be=e its h>b\r 0 fill$ up1 0 ! pr9cipal place 9 ! isl&3 x n[ pres5ts a melan*oly1 b v picturesque appe>ance4 ,hav+ procur$ a black ,padre = a guide1 & a ,spani>d :o _h s]v$ 9 ! ,p59sul> w> z an int]pret]1 we visit$ a collection ( build+s1 ( :i* an anci5t *ur* =m$ ! pr9cipal "p4 ,x is "h ! gov]nors & capta9-g5]als ( ! isl&s h be5 buri$4 ,"s ( ! tomb/ones record$ dates ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 #b ,! h]aldic ornam5ts 7 ! only ?+s 9 ?is retir$ place t rem9d$ u ( ,europe4 ,! *ur* or *apel =m$ "o side ( a quadrangle1 9 ! middle ( :i* a l>ge clump ( bananas 7 gr[+4 ,on ano!r side 0 a hospital1 conta9+ ab\t a doz5 mis]able-look+ inmates4 ,we return$ to ! ,v5da to eat our d9n]s4 ,a consid]able numb] ( m51 wom51 & *ildr51 all z black z jet1 collect$ to wat* u4 ,our companions 7 extremely m]ry2 & ev]y?+ we said or did 0 foll[$ by _! he>ty laught]4 ,be=e leav+ ! t[n we visit$ ! ca!dral4 ,x does n appe> s ri* z ! small] *ur*1 b boa/s ( a little organ1 :i* s5t =? s+ul>ly inh>moni\s cries4 ,we pres5t$ ! black prie/ ) a few %ill+s1 & ! ,spani>d1 patt+ him on ! head1 said1 ) mu* c&\r1 he ?\ght 8 col\r made no great diff]5ce4 ,we !n return$1 z fa/ z ! ponies w\ld g1 to ,porto ,praya4 ,ano!r day we rode to ! village ( ,/4 ,dom+o1 situat$ ne> ! c5tre ( ! isl&4 ,on a small pla9 :i* we cross$1 a few /unt$ acacias 7 gr[+2 _! tops _h be5 b5t by ! /eady trade-w9d1 9 a s+ul> mann]--"s ( !m ev5 at "r angles to _! trunks4 ,! direction ( ! bran*es 0 exactly ,n4 ,e4 by ,n41 & ,s4 ,w4 by ,s41 & ^! natural vanes mu/ indicate ! prevail+ direction ( ! =ce ( ! trade-w9d4 ,! travell+ _h made s little impression on ! b>r5 soil1 t we "h miss$ our track1 & took t to ,fu5tes4 ,?is we did n f9d out till we arriv$ !re2 & we 7 aft]w>ds glad ( our mi/ake4 ,fu5tes is a pretty village1 ) a small /ream2 & ev]y?+ appe>$ to prosp] well1 except+1 inde$1 t :i* ought to d s mo/--its inhabitants4 ,! black *ildr51 completely nak$1 & look+ v wret*$1 7 c>ry+ bundles ( firewood half z big z _! own bodies4 ,ne> ,fu5tes we saw a l>ge flock ( gu9ea-f[l--probably fifty or sixty 9 numb]4 ,!y 7 extremely w>y1 & c\ld n be approa*$4 ,!y avoid$ u1 l p>tridges on a ra9y day 9 ,septemb]1 runn+ ) _! heads cock$ up2 & if pursu$1 !y readily took to ! w+4 ,! sc5]y ( ,/4 ,dom+o possesses a beauty totally unexpect$1 f ! preval5t gloomy "* ( ! re/ ( ! isl&4 ,! village is situat$ at ! bottom ( a valley1 b\nd$ by l(ty & jagg$ walls ( /ratifi$ lava4 ,! black rocks af=d a mo/ /rik+ contra/ ) ! bright gre5 vegetation1 :i* foll[s ! banks ( a little /ream ( cle> wat]4 ,x happ5$ to be a gr& fea/-day1 & ! village 0 full ( p4 ,on our return we ov]took a p>ty ( ab\t tw5ty "y black girls1 dress$ 9 excell5t ta/e2 _! black sk9s & sn[-:ite l95 be+ set (f by col\r$ turbans & l>ge %awls4 ,z soon z we approa*$ ne>1 !y sudd5ly all turn$ r\nd1 & cov]+ ! pa? ) _! %awls1 sung ) great en]gy a wild song1 beat+ "t ) _! h&s ^u _! legs4 ,we ?rew !m "s v9tems1 :i* 7 receiv$ ) screams ( laught]1 & we left !m r$\bl+ ! noise ( _! song4 ,"o morn+ ! view 0 s+ul>ly cle>2 ! di/ant m\nta9s be+ project$ ) ! %>pe/ outl9e on a heavy bank ( d>k blue cl\ds4 ,judg+ f ! appe>ance1 & f simil> cases 9 ,engl&1 ,i suppos$ t ! air 0 saturat$ ) moi/ure4 ,! fact1 h[ev]1 turn$ out q ! contr>y4 ,! hygromet] gave a diff]5ce ( #bi4f degs41 betwe5 ! temp]ature ( ! air1 & ! po9t at :i* dew 0 precipitat$4 ,?is diff]5ce 0 ne>ly d\ble t :i* ,i _h obs]v$ on ! previ\s morn+s4 ,?is unusual degree ( atmosph]ic dryness 0 accompani$ by cont9ual fla%es ( lightn+4 ,is x n an uncommon case1 ?us to f9d a rem>kable degree ( a]ial transp>5cy ) su* a /ate ( wea!r8 ,g5]ally ! atmosph]e is hazy2 & ?is is caus$ by ! fall+ ( impalpably f9e du/1 :i* 0 f\nd to h slightly injur$ ! a/ronomical in/rum5ts4 ,! morn+ be=e we an*or$ at ,porto ,praya1 ,i collect$ a little packet ( ?is br[n-col\r$ f9e du/1 :i* appe>$ to h be5 filt]$ f ! w9d by ! gauze ( ! vane at ! ma/-head4 ,mr4 ,lyell has also giv5 me f\r packets ( du/ :i* fell on a vessel a few hundr$ miles nor?w>d ( ^! isl&s4 ,pr(essor ,ehr5b]g #c f9ds t ?is du/ consi/s 9 great "p ( infusoria ) silice\s %ields1 & ( ! silice\s tissue ( plants4 ,9 five little packets :i* ,i s5t him1 he has asc]ta9$ no less ?an sixty-sev5 diff]5t organic =ms6 ,! infusoria1 ) ! exception ( two m>9e species1 are all inhabitants ( fre%-wat]4 ,i h f\nd no less ?an fifte5 diff]5t acc\nts ( du/ hav+ fall5 on vessels :5 f> out 9 ! ,atlantic4 ,f ! direction ( ! w9d :5ev] x has fall51 & f its hav+ always fall5 dur+ ^? mon?s :5 ! h>mattan is kn[n to raise cl\ds ( du/ high into ! atmosph]e1 we may feel sure t x all comes f ,africa4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 a v s+ul> fact1 t1 al?\gh ,pr(essor ,ehr5b]g kn[s _m species ( infusoria peculi> to ,africa1 he f9ds none ( ^! 9 ! du/ :i* ,i s5t him4 ,on ! o!r h&1 he f9ds 9 x two species :i* hi!rto he kn[s z liv+ only 9 ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,! du/ falls 9 su* quantities z to dirty ev]y?+ on bo>d1 & to hurt p's eyes2 vessels ev5 h run on %ore ow+ to ! obscurity ( ! atmosph]e4 ,x has (t5 fall5 on %ips :5 sev]al hundr$1 & ev5 m ?an a ?\s& miles f ! coa/ ( ,africa1 & at po9ts sixte5 hundr$ miles di/ant 9 a nor? & s\? direction4 ,9 "s du/ :i* 0 collect$ on a vessel ?ree hundr$ miles f ! l&1 ,i 0 mu* surpris$ to f9d p>ticles ( /one above ! ?\s&? ( an in* squ>e1 mix$ ) f9] matt]4 ,aft] ?is fact "o ne$ n be surpris$ at ! diffusion ( ! f> light] & small] sporules ( cryptogamic plants4 ,! geology ( ?is isl& is ! mo/ int]e/+ "p ( its natural hi/ory4 ,on ent]+ ! h>b\r1 a p]fectly horizontal :ite b&1 9 ! face ( ! sea cliff1 may be se5 runn+ = "s miles along ! coa/1 & at ! height ( ab\t =ty-five feet above ! wat]4 ,^u exam9ation ?is :ite /ratum is f\nd to consi/ ( calc>e\s matt] ) num]\s %ells emb$d$1 mo/ or all ( :i* n[ exi/ on ! neighb\r+ coa/4 ,x re/s on anci5t volcanic rocks1 & has be5 cov]$ by a /ream ( basalt1 :i* mu/ h ent]$ ! sea :5 ! :ite %elly b$ 0 ly+ at ! bottom4 ,x is int]e/+ to trace ! *anges produc$ by ! heat ( ! ov]ly+ lava1 on ! friable mass1 :i* 9 p>ts has be5 conv]t$ into a cry/all9e lime/one1 & 9 o!r p>ts into a compact spott$ /one4 ,:]e ! lime has be5 caught up by ! scoriace\s fragm5ts ( ! l[] surface ( ! /ream1 x is conv]t$ into gr\ps ( beautifully radiat$ fibres resembl+ arragonite4 ,! b$s ( lava rise 9 successive g5tly-slop+ pla9s1 t[>ds ! int]ior1 :5ce ! deluges ( melt$ /one h orig9ally proce$$4 ,)9 hi/orical times1 no signs ( volcanic activity h1 ,i believe1 be5 manife/$ 9 any "p ( ,/4 ,jago4 ,ev5 ! =m ( a crat] c b r>ely be discov]$ on ! summits ( ! _m r$ c9d]y hills2 yet ! m rec5t /reams c be di/+ui%$ on ! coa/1 =m+ l9es ( cliffs ( less height1 b /ret*+ out 9 advance ( ^? belong+ to an old] s]ies3 ! height ( ! cliffs ?us af=d+ a rude measure ( ! age ( ! /reams4 ,dur+ our /ay1 ,i obs]v$ ! habits ( "s m>9e animals4 ,a l>ge ,aplysia is v common4 ,?is sea-slug is ab\t five in*es long2 & is ( a dirty yell[i% col\r ve9$ ) purple4 ,on ea* side ( ! l[] surface1 or foot1 !re is a broad membrane1 :i* appe>s sometimes to act z a v5tilator1 9 caus+ a curr5t ( wat] to fl[ ov] ! dorsal bran*iae or lungs4 ,x fe$s on ! delicate sea-we$s :i* gr[ among ! /ones 9 muddy & %all[ wat]2 & ,i f\nd 9 its /oma* sev]al small pebbles1 z 9 ! gizz>d ( a bird4 ,?is slug1 :5 di/urb$1 emits a v f9e purpli%-r$ fluid1 :i* /a9s ! wat] = ! space ( a foot ar\nd4 ,besides ?is means ( def5ce1 an acrid secretion1 :i* is spread ov] its body1 causes a %>p1 /++ s5sation1 simil> to t produc$ by ! ,physalia1 or ,portuguese man-(-w>4 ,i 0 mu* int]e/$1 on sev]al occasions1 by wat*+ ! habits ( an ,octopus1 or cuttle-fi%4 ,al?\gh common 9 ! pools ( wat] left by ! retir+ tide1 ^! animals 7 n easily caught4 ,by means ( _! long arms & suck]s1 !y c\ld drag _! bodies into v n>r[ crevices2 & :5 ?us fix$1 x requir$ great =ce to remove !m4 ,at o!r times !y d>t$ tail fir/1 ) ! rapidity ( an arr[1 f "o side ( ! pool to ! o!r1 at ! same in/ant discol\r+ ! wat] ) a d>k *e/nut-br[n ink4 ,^! animals also escape detection by a v extraord9>y1 *ameleon-l p[] ( *ang+ _! col\r4 ,!y appe> to v>y _! t9ts accord+ to ! nature ( ! gr\nd ov] :i* !y pass3 :5 9 deep wat]1 _! g5]al %ade 0 br[ni% purple1 b :5 plac$ on ! l&1 or 9 %all[ wat]1 ?is d>k t9t *ang$ into "o ( a yell[i% gre54 ,! col\r1 exam9$ m c>efully1 0 a ,fr5* grey1 ) num]\s m9ute spots ( bright yell[3 ! =m] ( ^! v>i$ 9 int5sity2 ! latt] entirely disappe>$ & appe>$ aga9 by turns4 ,^! *anges 7 effect$ 9 su* a mann]1 t cl\ds1 v>y+ 9 t9t betwe5 a hyac9? r$ & a *e/nut-br[n1 #d 7 cont9ually pass+ ov] ! body4 ,any "p1 be+ subject$ to a slight %ock ( galvanism1 became almo/ black3 a simil> effect1 b 9 a less degree1 0 produc$ by scrat*+ ! sk9 ) a ne$le4 ,^! cl\ds1 or blu%es z !y may be call$1 are said to be produc$ by ! alt]nate expansion & contraction ( m9ute vesicles conta9+ v>i\sly col\r$ fluids4 #e ,?is cuttle-fi% display$ its *ameleon-l p[] bo? dur+ ! act ( swimm+ & :il/ rema9+ /ation>y at ! bottom4 ,i 0 mu* amus$ by ! v>i\s arts to escape detection us$ by "o individual1 :i* seem$ fully aw>e t ,i 0 wat*+ x4 ,rema9+ = a "t motionless1 x w\ld !n /eal?ily advance an in* or two1 l a cat aft] a m\se2 sometimes *ang+ its col\r3 x ?us proce$$1 till hav+ ga9$ a deep] "p1 x d>t$ away1 leav+ a dusky tra9 ( ink to hide ! hole into :i* x _h crawl$4 ,:ile look+ = m>9e animals1 ) my head ab\t two feet above ! rocky %ore1 ,i 0 m ?an once salut$ by a jet ( wat]1 accompani$ by a slight grat+ noise4 ,at fir/ ,i c\ld n ?9k :at x 01 b aft]w>ds ,i f\nd out t x 0 ?is cuttle-fi%1 :i*1 ?\gh conceal$ 9 a hole1 ?us (t5 l$ me to its discov]y4 ,t x possesses ! p[] ( eject+ wat] !re is no d\bt1 & x appe>$ to me t x c\ld c]ta9ly take good aim by direct+ ! tube or siphon on ! "u side ( its body4 ,f ! difficulty :i* ^! animals h 9 c>ry+ _! heads1 !y _c crawl ) ease :5 plac$ on ! gr\nd4 ,i obs]v$ t "o :i* ,i kept 9 ! cab9 0 slightly phosphoresc5t 9 ! d>k4 ,,/4 ,,paul',s ,,rocks4--,9 cross+ ! ,atlantic we hove-to dur+ ! morn+ ( ,febru>y #af?1 close to ! isl& ( ,/4 ,paul's4 ,?is clu/] ( rocks is situat$ 9 #j degs4 #eh' nor? latitude1 & #bi degs4 #ae' we/ longitude4 ,x is #edj miles di/ant f ! coa/ ( ,am]ica1 & #cej f ! isl& ( ,f]n&o ,noronha4 ,! highe/ po9t is only fifty feet above ! level ( ! sea1 & ! entire circumf]5ce is "u ?ree-qu>t]s ( a mile4 ,?is small po9t rises abruptly out ( ! dep?s ( ! ocean4 ,its m9]alogical con/itution is n simple2 9 "s p>ts ! rock is ( a *]ty1 9 o!rs ( a felspa?ic nature1 includ+ ?9 ve9s ( s]p5t9e4 ,x is a rem>kable fact1 t all ! _m small isl&s1 ly+ f> f any cont95t1 9 ! ,pacific1 ,indian1 & ,atlantic ,oceans1 ) ! exception ( ! ,sey*elles & ?is little po9t ( rock1 are1 ,i believe1 compos$ ei!r ( coral or ( erupt$ matt]4 ,! volcanic nature ( ^! oceanic isl&s is evid5tly an ext5sion ( t law1 & ! effect ( ^? same causes1 :e!r *emical or me*anical1 f :i* x results t a va/ majority ( ! volcanoes n[ 9 action /& ei!r ne> sea-coa/s or z isl&s 9 ! mid/ ( ! sea4 ,! rocks ( ,/4 ,paul appe> f a di/ance ( a brilliantly :ite col\r4 ,?is is p>tly ow+ to ! dung ( a va/ multitude ( seaf[l1 & p>tly to a coat+ ( a h>d glossy sub/ance ) a pe>ly lu/re1 :i* is intimately unit$ to ! surface ( ! rocks4 ,?is1 :5 exam9$ ) a l5s1 is f\nd to consi/ ( num]\s exce$+ly ?9 lay]s1 its total ?ickness be+ ab\t ! t5? ( an in*4 ,x conta9s mu* animal matt]1 & its orig91 no d\bt1 is due to ! action ( ! ra9 or spray on ! birds' dung4 ,bel[ "s small masses ( guano at ,asc5sion1 & on ! ,abrolhos ,islets1 ,i f\nd c]ta9 /alactitic bran*+ bodies1 =m$ app>5tly 9 ! same mann] z ! ?9 :ite coat+ on ^! rocks4 ,! bran*+ bodies s closely resembl$ 9 g5]al appe>ance c]ta9 nulliporae 7a family ( h>d calc>e\s sea-plants71 t 9 lately look+ ha/ily ov] my collection ,i did n p]ceive ! diff]5ce4 ,! globul> extremities ( ! bran*es are ( a pe>ly texture1 l ! enamel ( tee?1 b s h>d z j to scrat* plate-glass4 ,i may "h m5tion1 t on a "p ( ! coa/ ( ,asc5sion1 :]e !re is a va/ accumulation ( %elly s&1 an incru/ation is deposit$ on ! tidal rocks by ! wat] ( ! sea1 resembl+1 z repres5t$ 9 ! woodcut1 c]ta9 cryptogamic plants 7,m>*antiae7 (t5 se5 on damp walls4 ,! surface ( ! fronds is beautifully glossy2 & ^? p>ts =m$ :]e fully expos$ to ! light are ( a jet black col\r1 b ^? %ad$ "u l$ges are only grey4 ,i h %[n specim5s ( ?is incru/ation to sev]al geologi/s1 & !y all ?\ght t !y 7 ( volcanic or igne\s orig96 ,9 its h>dness & transluc5cy--9 its poli%1 equal to t ( ! f9e/ oliva-%ell--9 ! bad smell giv5 out1 & loss ( col\r "u ! bl[pipe--x %[s a close simil>ity ) liv+ sea-%ells4 ,moreov]1 9 sea-%ells1 x is kn[n t ! p>ts habitually cov]$ & %ad$ by ! mantle ( ! animal1 are ( a pal] col\r ?an ^? fully expos$ to ! light1 j z is ! case ) ?is incru/ation4 ,:5 we rememb] t lime1 ei!r z a phosphate or c>bonate1 ent]s into ! composition ( ! h>d p>ts1 su* z bones & %ells1 ( all liv+ animals1 x is an int]e/+ physiological fact #f to f9d sub/ances h>d] ?an ! enamel ( tee?1 & col\r$ surfaces z well poli%$ z ^? ( a fre% %ell1 re=m$ ?r\gh inorganic means f dead organic matt]--mock+1 also1 9 %ape1 "s ( ! l[] vegetable productions4 ,we f\nd on ,/4 ,paul's only two k9ds ( birds--! booby & ! noddy4 ,! =m] is a species ( gannet1 & ! latt] a t]n4 ,bo? are ( a tame & /upid disposition1 & are s unaccu/om$ to visitors1 t ,i c\ld h kill$ any numb] ( !m ) my geological hamm]4 ,! booby lays h] eggs on ! b>e rock2 b ! t]n makes a v simple ne/ ) sea-we$4 ,by ! side ( _m ( ^! ne/s a small fly+-fi% 0 plac$2 :i* ,i suppose1 _h be5 br\ght by ! male bird = its p>tn]4 ,x 0 amus+ to wat* h[ quickly a l>ge & active crab 7,graspus71 :i* inhabits ! crevices ( ! rock1 /ole ! fi% f ! side ( ! ne/1 z soon z we _h di/urb$ ! p>5t birds4 ,sir ,w4 ,symonds1 "o ( ! few p]sons :o h l&$ "h1 in=ms me t he saw ! crabs dragg+ ev5 ! "y birds out ( _! ne/s1 & dev\r+ !m4 ,n a s+le plant1 n ev5 a li*51 gr[s on ?is islet2 yet x is inhabit$ by sev]al insects & spid]s4 ,! foll[+ li/ completes1 ,i believe1 ! t]re/rial fauna3 a fly 7,olf]sia7 liv+ on ! booby1 & a tick :i* mu/ h come "h z a p>asite on ! birds2 a small br[n mo?1 belong+ to a g5us t fe$s on fea!rs2 a beetle 7,qu$ius7 & a woodl\se f b5ea? ! dung2 & la/ly1 num]\s spid]s1 :i* ,i suppose prey on ^! small att5dants & scav5g]s ( ! wat]-f[l4 ,! (t5 repeat$ description ( ! /ately palm & o!r noble tropical plants1 !n birds1 & la/ly man1 tak+ possession ( ! coral islets z soon z =m$1 9 ! ,pacific1 is probably n correct2 ,i fe> x de/roys ! poetry ( ?is /ory1 t fea!r & dirt-fe$+ & p>asitic insects & spid]s %\ld be ! fir/ inhabitants ( newly =m$ oceanic l&4 ,! smalle/ rock 9 ! tropical seas1 by giv+ a f\ndation = ! gr[? ( innum]able k9ds ( sea-we$ & comp\nd animals1 supports likewise a l>ge numb] ( fi%4 ,! %>ks & ! seam5 9 ! boats ma9ta9$ a con/ant /ruggle :i* %\ld secure ! great] %>e ( ! prey caught by ! fi%+-l9es4 ,i h he>d t a rock ne> ! ,b]mudas1 ly+ _m miles out at sea1 & at a consid]able dep?1 0 fir/ discov]$ by ! circum/ance ( fi% hav+ be5 obs]v$ 9 ! neighb\rhood4 ,,f]n&o ,,noronha1 ,feb4 #bj?4--,z f> z ,i 0 enabl$ to obs]ve1 dur+ ! few h\rs we /ay$ at ?is place1 ! con/itution ( ! isl& is volcanic1 b probably n ( a rec5t date4 ,! mo/ rem>kable feature is a conical hill1 ab\t "o ?\s& feet high1 ! upp] "p ( :i* is exce$+ly /eep1 & on "o side ov]hangs its base4 ,! rock is phonolite1 & is divid$ into irregul> columns4 ,on view+ "o ( ^! isolat$ masses1 at fir/ "o is incl9$ to believe t x has be5 sudd5ly pu%$ up 9 a semi-fluid /ate4 ,at ,/4 ,hel5a1 h[ev]1 ,i asc]ta9$ t "s p9nacles1 ( a ne>ly simil> figure & con/itution1 _h be5 =m$ by ! injection ( melt$ rock into yield+ /rata1 :i* ?us _h =m$ ! m\lds = ^! gigantic obelisks4 ,! :ole isl& is cov]$ ) wood2 b f ! dryness ( ! climate !re is no appe>ance ( luxuriance4 ,half-way up ! m\nta91 "s great masses ( ! column> rock1 %ad$ by laurel-l trees1 & ornam5t$ by o!rs cov]$ ) f9e p9k fl[]s b )\t a s+le leaf1 gave a pleas+ effect to ! ne>] p>ts ( ! sc5]y4 ,,bahia1 ,,or ,,san ,,salvador4 ,,brazil1 ,feb4 #bi?4--,! day has pass$ delightfully4 ,delight itself1 h[ev]1 is a weak t]m to express ! feel+s ( a naturali/ :o1 = ! fir/ "t1 has w&]$ by himself 9 a ,brazilian =e/4 ,! elegance ( ! grasses1 ! novelty ( ! p>asitical plants1 ! beauty ( ! fl[]s1 ! glossy gre5 ( ! foliage1 b above all ! g5]al luxuriance ( ! vegetation1 fill$ me ) admiration4 ,a mo/ p>adoxical mixture ( s\nd & sil5ce p]vades ! %ady p>ts ( ! wood4 ,! noise f ! insects is s l\d1 t x may be he>d ev5 9 a vessel an*or$ sev]al hundr$ y>ds f ! %ore2 yet )9 ! recesses ( ! =e/ a univ]sal sil5ce appe>s to reign4 ,to a p]son fond ( natural hi/ory1 su* a day z ?is br+s ) x a deep] pleasure ?an he c ev] hope to exp]i5ce aga94 ,aft] w&]+ ab\t = "s h\rs1 ,i return$ to ! l&+-place2 b1 be=e rea*+ x1 ,i 0 ov]tak5 by a tropical /orm4 ,i tri$ to f9d %elt] "u a tree1 :i* 0 s ?ick t x w\ld nev] h be5 p5etrat$ by common ,engli% ra92 b "h1 9 a c\ple ( m9utes1 a little torr5t fl[$ d[n ! trunk4 ,x is to ?is viol5ce ( ! ra9 t we mu/ attribute ! v]dure at ! bottom ( ! ?icke/ woods3 if ! %[]s 7 l ^? ( a cold] climate1 ! great] "p w\ld be absorb$ or evaporat$ be=e x rea*$ ! gr\nd4 ,i w n at pres5t attempt to describe ! gaudy sc5]y ( ?is noble bay1 because1 9 our homew>d voyage1 we call$ "h a second "t1 & ,i %all !n h occasion to rem>k on x4 ,along ! :ole coa/ ( ,brazil1 = a l5g? ( at lea/ #bjjj miles1 & c]ta9ly = a consid]able space inl&1 :]ev] solid rock occurs1 x belongs to a granitic =mation4 ,! circum/ance ( ?is enorm\s area be+ con/itut$ ( mat]ials :i* mo/ geologi/s believe to h be5 cry/alliz$ :5 heat$ "u pressure1 gives rise to _m curi\s reflections4 ,0 ?is effect produc$ b5ea? ! dep?s ( a pr(\nd ocean8 or did a cov]+ ( /rata =m]ly ext5d ov] x1 :i* has s9ce be5 remov$8 ,c we believe t any p[]1 act+ = a "t %ort ( inf9ity1 c\ld h d5ud$ ! granite ov] s _m ?\s& squ>e leagues8 ,on a po9t n f> f ! city1 :]e a rivulet ent]$ ! sea1 ,i obs]v$ a fact connect$ ) a subject discuss$ by ,humboldt4 #g ,at ! cat>acts ( ! great riv]s ,or9oco1 ,nile1 & ,congo1 ! sy5itic rocks are coat$ by a black sub/ance1 appe>+ z if !y _h be5 poli%$ ) plumbago4 ,! lay] is ( extreme ?9ness2 & on analysis by ,b]zelius x 0 f\nd to consi/ ( ! oxides ( manganese & iron4 ,9 ! ,or9oco x occurs on ! rocks p]iodically wa%$ by ! floods1 & 9 ^? p>ts alone :]e ! /ream is rapid2 or1 z ! ,indians say1 ! rocks are black :]e ! wat]s are :ite4 ,"h ! coat+ is ( a ri* br[n in/ead ( a black col\r1 & seems to be compos$ ( f]rug9\s matt] alone4 ,h& specim5s fail to give a j idea ( ^! br[n burni%$ /ones :i* glitt] 9 ! sun's rays4 ,!y occur only )9 ! limits ( ! tidal waves2 & z ! rivulet sl[ly trickles d[n1 ! surf mu/ supply ! poli%+ p[] ( ! cat>acts 9 ! great riv]s4 ,9 l mann]1 ! rise & fall ( ! tide probably answ] to ! p]iodical inundations2 & ?us ! same effects are produc$ "u app>5tly diff]5t b really simil> circum/ances4 ,! orig91 h[ev]1 ( ^! coat+s ( metallic oxides1 :i* seem z if cem5t$ to ! rocks1 is n und]/ood2 & no reason1 ,i believe1 c be assign$ = _! ?ickness rema9+ ! same4 ,"o day ,i 0 amus$ by wat*+ ! habits ( ! ,diodon ant5natus1 :i* 0 caught swimm+ ne> ! %ore4 ,?is fi%1 ) its flabby sk91 is well kn[n to possess ! s+ul> p[] ( di/5d+ itself into a ne>ly sph]ical =m4 ,aft] hav+ be5 tak5 out ( wat] = a %ort "t1 & !n aga9 imm]s$ 9 x1 a consid]able quantity bo? ( wat] & air is absorb$ by ! m\?1 & p]haps likewise by ! bran*ial orifices4 ,?is process is effect$ by two me?ods3 ! air is swall[$1 & is !n =c$ into ! cavity ( ! body1 its return be+ prev5t$ by a muscul> contraction :i* is ext]nally visible3 b ! wat] ent]s 9 a g5tle /ream ?r\gh ! m\?1 :i* is kept wide op5 & motionless2 ?is latt] action mu/1 !re=e1 dep5d on suction4 ,! sk9 ab\t ! abdom5 is mu* loos] ?an t on ! back2 h5ce1 dur+ ! inflation1 ! l[] surface becomes f> m di/5d$ ?an ! upp]2 & ! fi%1 9 consequ5ce1 floats ) its back d[nw>ds4 ,cuvi] d\bts :e!r ! ,diodon 9 ?is position is able to swim2 b n only c x ?us move =w>d 9 a /raight l9e1 b x c turn r\nd to ei!r side4 ,?is latt] movem5t is effect$ solely by ! aid ( ! pectoral f9s2 ! tail be+ collaps$1 & n us$4 ,f ! body be+ buoy$ up ) s mu* air1 ! bran*ial op5+s are out ( wat]1 b a /ream drawn 9 by ! m\? con/antly fl[s ?r\gh !m4 ,! fi%1 hav+ rema9$ 9 ?is di/5d$ /ate = a %ort "t1 g5]ally expell$ ! air & wat] ) consid]able =ce f ! bran*ial ap]tures & m\?4 ,x c\ld emit1 at w1 a c]ta9 portion ( ! wat]1 & x appe>s1 !re=e1 probable t ?is fluid is tak5 9 p>tly = ! sake ( regulat+ its specific gravity4 ,?is ,diodon possess$ sev]al means ( def5ce4 ,x c\ld give a sev]e bite1 & c\ld eject wat] f its m\? to "s di/ance1 at ! same "t mak+ a curi\s noise by ! movem5t ( its jaws4 ,by ! inflation ( its body1 ! papillae1 ) :i* ! sk9 is cov]$1 become erect & po9t$4 ,b ! mo/ curi\s circum/ance is1 t x secretes f ! sk9 ( its belly1 :5 h&l$1 a mo/ beautiful c>m9e-r$ fibr\s matt]1 :i* /a9s ivory & pap] 9 s p]man5t a mann] t ! t9t is reta9$ ) all its brightness to ! pres5t day3 ,i am q ignorant ( ! nature & use ( ?is secretion4 ,i h he>d f ,dr4 ,allan ( ,=res1 t he has frequ5tly f\nd a ,diodon1 float+ alive & di/5d$1 9 ! /oma* ( ! %>k1 & t on sev]al occasions he has kn[n x eat its way1 n only ?r\gh ! coats ( ! /oma*1 b ?r\gh ! sides ( ! mon/]1 :i* has ?us be5 kill$4 ,:o w\ld ev] h imag9$ t a little s(t fi% c\ld h de/roy$ ! great & savage %>k8 ,m>* #ah?4--,we sail$ f ,bahia4 ,a few days aft]w>ds1 :5 n f> di/ant f ! ,abrolhos ,islets1 my att5tion 0 call$ to a r$di%-br[n appe>ance 9 ! sea4 ,! :ole surface ( ! wat]1 z x appe>$ "u a weak l5s1 seem$ z if cov]$ by *opp$ bits ( hay1 ) _! ends jagg$4 ,^! are m9ute cyl9drical conf]vae1 9 bundles or rafts ( f tw5ty to sixty 9 ea*4 ,mr4 ,b]keley in=ms me t !y are ! same species 7,tri*odesmium ery?raeum7 ) t f\nd ov] l>ge spaces 9 ! ,r$ ,sea1 & :5ce its "n ( ,r$ ,sea is d]iv$4 #h ,_! numb]s mu/ be inf9ite3 ! %ip pass$ ?r\gh sev]al b&s ( !m1 "o ( :i* 0 ab\t t5 y>ds wide1 &1 judg+ f ! mud-l col\r ( ! wat]1 at lea/ two & a half miles long4 ,9 almo/ e long voyage "s acc\nt is giv5 ( ^! conf]vae4 ,!y appe> especially common 9 ! sea ne> ,au/ralia2 & (f ,cape ,leeuw9 ,i f\nd an alli$ b small] & app>5tly diff]5t species4 ,capta9 ,cook1 9 8 ?ird voyage1 rem>ks1 t ! sailors gave to ?is appe>ance ! "n ( sea-sawdu/4 ,ne> ,keel+ ,atoll1 9 ! ,indian ,ocean1 ,i obs]v$ _m little masses ( conf]vae a few in*es squ>e1 consi/+ ( long cyl9drical ?reads ( excessive ?9ness1 s z to be b>ely visible to ! nak$ eye1 m+l$ ) o!r r l>g] bodies1 f9ely conical at bo? ends4 ,two ( ^! are %[n 9 ! woodcut unit$ toge!r4 ,!y v>y 9 l5g? f 4#jd to 4#jf1 & ev5 to 4#jh ( an in* 9 l5g?2 & 9 diamet] f 4#jjf to 4#jjh ( an in*4 ,ne> "o extremity ( ! cyl9drical "p1 a gre5 septum1 =m$ ( granul> matt]1 & ?icke/ 9 ! middle1 may g5]ally be se54 ,?is1 ,i believe1 is ! bottom ( a mo/ delicate1 col\rless sac1 compos$ ( a pulpy sub/ance1 :i* l9es ! ext]ior case1 b does n ext5d )9 ! extreme conical po9ts4 ,9 "s specim5s1 small b p]fect sph]es ( br[ni% granul> matt] suppli$ ! places ( ! septa2 & ,i obs]v$ ! curi\s process by :i* !y 7 produc$4 ,! pulpy matt] ( ! int]nal coat+ sudd5ly gr\p$ itself into l9es1 "s ( :i* assum$ a =m radiat+ f a common c5tre2 x !n cont9u$1 ) an irregul> & rapid movem5t1 to contract itself1 s t 9 ! c\rse ( a second ! :ole 0 unit$ into a p]fect little sph]e1 :i* occupi$ ! position ( ! septum at "o end ( ! n[ q holl[ case4 ,! =mation ( ! granul> sph]e 0 ha/5$ by any accid5tal injury4 ,i may add1 t frequ5tly a pair ( ^! bodies 7 atta*$ to ea* o!r1 z repres5t$ above1 cone beside cone1 at t end :]e ! septum occurs4 ,i w add "h a few o!r obs]vations connect$ ) ! discoloration ( ! sea f organic causes4 ,on ! coa/ ( ,*ile1 a few leagues nor? ( ,concepcion1 ! ,beagle "o day pass$ ?r\gh great b&s ( muddy wat]1 exactly l t ( a swoll5 riv]2 & aga91 a degree s\? ( ,valp>aiso1 :5 fifty miles f ! l&1 ! same appe>ance 0 /ill m ext5sive4 ,"s ( ! wat] plac$ 9 a glass 0 ( a pale r$di% t9t2 &1 exam9$ "u a microscope1 0 se5 to sw>m ) m9ute animalcula d>t+ ab\t1 & (t5 explod+4 ,_! %ape is oval1 & contract$ 9 ! middle by a r+ ( vibrat+ curv$ ciliae4 ,x 01 h[ev]1 v difficult to exam9e !m ) c>e1 = almo/ ! in/ant motion ceas$1 ev5 :ile cross+ ! field ( vision1 _! bodies bur/4 ,sometimes bo? ends bur/ at once1 sometimes only "o1 & a quantity ( co>se1 br[ni%1 granul> matt] 0 eject$4 ,! animal an in/ant be=e bur/+ exp&$ to half aga9 its natural size2 & ! explosion took place ab\t fifte5 seconds aft] ! rapid progressive motion _h ceas$3 9 a few cases x 0 prec$$ = a %ort int]val by a rotatory movem5t on ! long] axis4 ,ab\t two m9utes aft] any numb] 7 isolat$ 9 a drop ( wat]1 !y ?us p]i%$4 ,! animals move ) ! n>r[ apex =w>ds1 by ! aid ( _! vibratory ciliae1 & g5]ally by rapid />ts4 ,!y are exce$+ly m9ute1 & q invisible to ! nak$ eye1 only cov]+ a space equal to ! squ>e ( ! ?\s&? ( an in*4 ,_! numb]s 7 inf9ite2 = ! smalle/ drop ( wat] :i* ,i c\ld remove conta9$ v _m4 ,9 "o day we pass$ ?r\gh two spaces ( wat] ?us /a9$1 "o ( :i* alone mu/ h ext5d$ ov] sev]al squ>e miles4 ,:at incalculable numb]s ( ^! microscopical animals6 ,! col\r ( ! wat]1 z se5 at "s di/ance1 0 l t ( a riv] :i* has fl[$ ?r\gh a r$ clay di/rict1 b "u ! %ade ( ! vessel's side x 0 q z d>k z *ocolate4 ,! l9e :]e ! r$ & blue wat] jo9$ 0 di/9ctly def9$4 ,! wea!r = "s days previ\sly _h be5 calm1 & ! ocean ab\nd$1 to an unusual degree1 ) liv+ creatures4 #i ,9 ! sea ar\nd ,ti]ra del ,fuego1 & at no great di/ance f ! l&1 ,i h se5 n>r[ l9es ( wat] ( a bright r$ col\r1 f ! numb] ( cru/acea1 :i* some:at resemble 9 =m l>ge prawns4 ,! seal]s call !m :ale-food4 ,:e!r :ales fe$ on !m ,i d n "k2 b t]ns1 cormorants1 & imm5se h]ds ( great unwieldy seals d]ive1 on "s p>ts ( ! coa/1 _! *ief su/5ance f ^! swimm+ crabs4 ,seam5 inv>iably attribute ! discoloration ( ! wat] to spawn2 b ,i f\nd ?is to be ! case only on "o occasion4 ,at ! di/ance ( sev]al leagues f ! ,ar*ipelago ( ! ,galapagos1 ! %ip sail$ ?r\gh ?ree /rips ( a d>k yell[i%1 or mud-l wat]2 ^! /rips 7 "s miles long1 b only a few y>ds wide1 & !y 7 sep>at$ f ! surr\nd+ wat] by a s9u\s yet di/9ct m>g94 ,! col\r 0 caus$ by little gelat9\s balls1 ab\t ! fif? ( an in* 9 diamet]1 9 :i* num]\s m9ute sph]ical ovules 7 imb$d$3 !y 7 ( two di/9ct k9ds1 "o be+ ( a r$di% col\r & ( a diff]5t %ape f ! o!r4 ,i _c =m a conjecture z to :at two k9ds ( animals ^! belong$4 ,capta9 ,colnett rem>ks1 t ?is appe>ance is v common among ! ,galapagos ,isl&s1 & t ! directions ( ! b&s indicate t ( ! curr5ts2 9 ! describ$ case1 h[ev]1 ! l9e 0 caus$ by ! w9d4 ,! only o!r appe>ance :i* ,i h to notice1 is a ?9 oily coat on ! wat] :i* displays iridesc5t col\rs4 ,i saw a consid]able tract ( ! ocean ?us cov]$ on ! coa/ ( ,brazil2 ! seam5 attribut$ x to ! putrefy+ c>case ( "s :ale1 :i* probably 0 float+ at no great di/ance4 ,i d n "h m5tion ! m9ute gelat9\s p>ticles1 h]eaft] to be ref]r$ to1 :i* are frequ5tly disp]s$ ?r\gh\t ! wat]1 = !y are n suffici5tly abundant to create any *ange ( col\r4 ,!re are two circum/ances 9 ! above acc\nts :i* appe> rem>kable3 fir/1 h[ d ! v>i\s bodies :i* =m ! b&s ) def9$ edges keep toge!r8 ,9 ! case ( ! prawn-l crabs1 _! movem5ts 7 z co-in/antane\s z 9 a regim5t ( soldi]s2 b ?is _c happ5 f any?+ l volunt>y action ) ! ovules1 or ! conf]vae1 nor is x probable among ! infusoria4 ,secondly1 :at causes ! l5g? & n>r[ness ( ! b&s8 ,! appe>ance s mu* resembles t :i* may be se5 9 e torr5t1 :]e ! /ream uncoils into long /reaks ! fro? collect$ 9 ! eddies1 t ,i mu/ attribute ! effect to a simil> action ei!r ( ! curr5ts ( ! air or sea4 ,"u ?is supposition we mu/ believe t ! v>i\s organiz$ bodies are produc$ 9 c]ta9 fav\rable places1 & are !nce remov$ by ! set ( ei!r w9d or wat]4 ,i confess1 h[ev]1 !re is a v great difficulty 9 imag9+ any "o spot to be ! bir?place ( ! millions ( millions ( animalcula & conf]vae3 = :5ce come ! g]ms at su* po9ts8--! p>5t bodies hav+ be5 di/ribut$ by ! w9ds & waves ov] ! imm5se ocean4 ,b on no o!r hypo!sis c ,i und]/& _! l9e> gr\p+4 ,i may add t ,scoresby rem>ks t gre5 wat] ab\nd+ ) pelagic animals is inv>iably f\nd 9 a c]ta9 "p ( ! ,arctic ,sea4 #a ,i /ate ?is on ! au?ority ( ,dr4 ,e4 ,dieff5ba*1 9 8 ,g]man translation ( ! fir/ edition ( ?is ,j\rnal4 #b ,! ,cape de ,v]d ,isl&s 7 discov]$ 9 #addi4 ,!re 0 a tomb/one ( a bi%op ) ! date ( #aega2 & a cre/ ( a h& & dagg]1 dat$ #adig4 #c ,i mu/ take ?is opportunity ( ackn[l$g+ ! great k9dness ) :i* ?is illu/ri\s naturali/ has exam9$ _m ( my specim5s4 ,i h s5t 7,june1 #ahde7 a full acc\nt ( ! fall+ ( ?is du/ to ! ,geological ,society4 #d ,s nam$ accord+ to ,patrick ,symes's nom5clature4 #e ,see ,encyclop4 ( ,anat4 & ,physiol41 article ,cephalopoda #f ,mr4 ,horn] & ,sir ,david ,brew/] h describ$ 7,philosophical ,transactions1 #ahcf1 p4 #fe7 a s+ul> artificial sub/ance resembl+ %ell4 ,x is deposit$ 9 f9e1 transp>5t1 highly poli%$1 br[n-col\r$ lam9ae1 possess+ peculi> optical prop]ties1 on ! inside ( a vessel1 9 :i* clo?1 fir/ prep>$ ) glue & !n ) lime1 is made to revolve rapidly 9 wat]4 ,x is mu* s(t]1 m transp>5t1 & conta9s m animal matt]1 ?an ! natural incru/ation at ,asc5sion2 b we "h aga9 see ! /rong t5d5cy :i* c>bonate ( lime & animal matt] ev9ce to =m a solid sub/ance alli$ to %ell4 #g ,p]s4 ,n>r41 vol4 v41 pt4 #a41 p4 #ah4 #h ,m4 ,montagne1 9 ,comptes ,r5dus1 etc41 ,juillet1 #ahdd2 & ,annal4 des ,sci5c4 ,nat41 ,dec4 #ahdd #i ,m4 ,lesson 7,voyage de la ,coquille1 tom4 i41 p4 #bee7 m5tions r$ wat] (f ,lima1 app>5tly produc$ by ! same cause4 ,p]on1 ! di/+ui%$ naturali/1 9 ! ,voyage aux ,t]res ,au/rales1 gives no less ?an twelve ref]5ces to voyag]s :o h allud$ to ! discol\r$ wat]s ( ! sea 7vol4 ii4 p4 #bci74 ,to ! ref]5ces giv5 by ,p]on may be add$1 ,humboldt's ,p]s4 ,n>r41 vol4 vi4 p4 #hjd2 ,fl9d]'s ,voyage1 vol4 i4 p4 #ib2 ,labill>di]e1 vol4 i4 p4 #bhg2 ,ulloa's ,voyage2 ,voyage ( ! ,a/rolabe & ( ! ,coquille2 ,capta9 ,k+'s ,survey ( ,au/ralia1 etc4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,rio ,,de ,,janeiro ,rio de ,janeiro--,excursion nor? ( ,cape ,frio--,great ,evaporation--,slav]y--,bot(ogo ,bay--,t]re/rial ,plan>iae--,cl\ds on ! ,corcovado--,heavy ,ra9--,musical ,frogs--,phosphoresc5t ,insects--,elat]1 spr++ p[]s (--,blue ,haze--,noise made by a ,butt]fly--,entomology--,ants--,wasp kill+ a ,spid]--,p>asitical ,spid]--,artifices ( an ,epeira--,greg>i\s ,spid]--,spid] ) an unsymmetrical ,web4 ,,april #d? to ,july #e?1 #ahcb4--;,a few days aft] our arrival ,i became acqua9t$ ) an ,engli%man :o 0 go+ to visit 8 e/ate1 situat$ r m ?an a hundr$ miles f ! capital1 to ! nor?w>d ( ,cape ,frio4 ,i gladly accept$ 8 k9d (f] ( all[+ me to accompany him4 ,april #h?4--,our p>ty am\nt$ to sev54 ,! fir/ /age 0 v int]e/+4 ,! day 0 p[]fully hot1 & z we pass$ ?r\gh ! woods1 ev]y?+ 0 motionless1 except+ ! l>ge & brilliant butt]flies1 :i* lazily flutt]$ ab\t4 ,! view se5 :5 cross+ ! hills beh9d ,praia ,gr&e 0 mo/ beautiful2 ! col\rs 7 int5se1 & ! prevail+ t9t a d>k blue2 ! sky & ! calm wat]s ( ! bay vi$ ) ea* o!r 9 spl5d\r4 ,aft] pass+ ?r\gh "s cultivat$ c\ntry1 we ent]$ a =e/1 :i* 9 ! gr&eur ( all its p>ts c\ld n be exce$$4 ,we arriv$ by midday at ,i?acaia2 ?is small village is situat$ on a pla91 & r\nd ! c5tral h\se are ! huts ( ! negroes4 ,^!1 f _! regul> =m & position1 rem9d$ me ( ! draw+s ( ! ,hott5tot habitations 9 ,s\!rn ,africa4 ,z ! moon rose e>ly1 we det]m9$ to />t ! same ev5+ = our sleep+-place at ! ,lagoa ,m>ica4 ,z x 0 gr[+ d>k we pass$ "u "o ( ! massive1 b>e1 & /eep hills ( granite :i* are s common 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,?is spot is notori\s f hav+ be51 = a long "t1 ! resid5ce ( "s runaway slaves1 :o1 by cultivat+ a little gr\nd ne> ! top1 contriv$ to eke out a subsi/5ce4 ,at l5g? !y 7 discov]$1 & a p>ty ( soldi]s be+ s5t1 ! :ole 7 seiz$ ) ! exception ( "o old woman1 :o1 soon] ?an aga9 be l$ into slav]y1 da%$ h]self to pieces f ! summit ( ! m\nta94 ,9 a ,roman matron ?is w\ld h be5 call$ ! noble love ( fre$om3 9 a poor negress x is m]e brutal ob/9acy4 ,we cont9u$ rid+ = "s h\rs4 ,= ! few la/ miles ! road 0 intricate1 & x pass$ ?r\gh a des]t wa/e ( m>%es & lagoons4 ,! sc5e by ! dimm$ light ( ! moon 0 mo/ desolate4 ,a few fireflies flitt$ by u2 & ! solit>y snipe1 z x rose1 utt]$ its pla9tive cry4 ,! di/ant & sull5 ro> ( ! sea sc>cely broke ! /illness ( ! night4 ,april #i?4--,we left our mis]able sleep+-place be=e sunrise4 ,! road pass$ ?r\gh a n>r[ s&y pla91 ly+ betwe5 ! sea & ! int]ior salt lagoons4 ,! numb] ( beautiful fi%+ birds1 su* z egrets & cranes1 & ! succul5t plants assum+ mo/ fanta/ical =ms1 gave to ! sc5e an int]e/ :i* x w\ld n o!rwise h possess$4 ,! few /unt$ trees 7 load$ ) p>asitical plants1 among :i* ! beauty & delici\s fragrance ( "s ( ! or*ideae 7 mo/ to be admir$4 ,z ! sun rose1 ! day became extremely hot1 & ! reflection ( ! light & heat f ! :ite s& 0 v di/ress+4 ,we d9$ at ,m&etiba2 ! !rmomet] 9 ! %ade be+ #hd degs4 ,! beautiful view ( ! di/ant wood$ hills1 reflect$ 9 ! p]fectly calm wat] ( an ext5sive lagoon1 q refre%$ u4 ,z ! v5da #a "h 0 a v good "o1 & ,i h ! pleasant1 b r>e remembrance1 ( an excell5t d9n]1 ,i w be grateful & pres5tly describe x1 z ! type ( its class4 ,^! h\ses are (t5 l>ge1 & are built ( ?ick upright po/s1 ) b\ghs int]wov51 & aft]w>ds pla/]$4 ,!y seldom h floors1 & nev] glaz$ w9d[s2 b are g5]ally pretty well ro($4 ,univ]sally ! front "p is op51 =m+ a k9d ( v]&ah1 9 :i* tables & b5*es are plac$4 ,! b$-rooms jo9 on ea* side1 & "h ! pass5g] may sleep z com=tably z he c1 on a wood5 plat=m1 cov]$ by a ?9 /raw mat4 ,! v5da /&s 9 a c\rty>d1 :]e ! horses are f$4 ,on fir/ arriv+ x 0 our cu/om to unsaddle ! horses & give !m _! ,indian corn2 !n1 ) a l[ b[1 to ask ! s5hor to d u ! fav\r to give up some?+ to eat4 ,any?+ y *oose1 sir1 0 8 usual answ]4 ,= ! few fir/ times1 va9ly ,i ?ank$ provid5ce = hav+ guid$ u to s good a man4 ,! conv]sation proce$+1 ! case univ]sally became deplorable4 ,any fi% c y d u ! fav\r ( giv+ 8--,oh6 no1 sir4--,any s\p8--,no1 sir4--,any bread8--,oh6 no1 sir4--,any dri$ meat8--,oh6 no1 sir4 ,if we 7 lucky1 by wait+ a c\ple ( h\rs1 we obta9$ f[ls1 rice1 & f>9ha4 ,x n unfrequ5tly happ5$1 t we 7 oblig$ to kill1 ) /ones1 ! p\ltry = our own supp]4 ,:51 ?or\ghly exhau/$ by fatigue & hung]1 we timor\sly h9t$ t we %\ld be glad ( our meal1 ! pomp\s1 & 7?\gh true7 mo/ unsatisfactory answ] 01 ,x w be ready :5 x is ready4 ,if we _h d>$ to remon/rate any fur!r1 we %\ld h be5 told to proce$ on our j\rney1 z be+ too imp]t95t4 ,! ho/s are mo/ ungraci\s & disagreeable 9 _! mann]s2 _! h\ses & _! p]sons are (t5 fil?ily dirty2 ! want ( ! accommodation ( =ks1 knives1 & spoons is common2 & ,i am sure no cottage or hovel 9 ,engl& c\ld be f\nd 9 a /ate s utt]ly de/itute ( e com=t4 ,at ,campos ,novos1 h[ev]1 we f>$ sumptu\sly2 hav+ rice & f[ls1 biscuit1 w9e1 & spirits1 = d9n]2 c(fee 9 ! ev5+1 & fi% ) c(fee = breakfa/4 ,all ?is1 ) good food = ! horses1 only co/ #bs4 #f;d4 p] head4 ,yet ! ho/ ( ?is v5da1 be+ ask$ if he knew any?+ ( a :ip :i* "o ( ! p>ty _h lo/1 gruffly answ]$1 ,h[ %\ld ,i "k8 :y did y n take c>e ( x8--,i suppose ! dogs h eat5 x4 ,leav+ ,m&etiba1 we cont9u$ to pass ?r\gh an intricate wild]ness ( lakes2 9 "s ( :i* 7 fre%1 9 o!rs salt wat] %ells4 ,( ! =m] k9ds1 ,i f\nd a ,limnaea 9 great numb]s 9 a lake1 into :i*1 ! inhabitants assur$ me t ! sea ent]s once a ye>1 & sometimes (t5]1 & makes ! wat] q salt4 ,i h no d\bt _m int]e/+ facts1 9 relation to m>9e & fre% wat] animals1 might be obs]v$ 9 ?is *a9 ( lagoons1 :i* skirt ! coa/ ( ,brazil4 ,m4 ,gay #b has /at$ t he f\nd 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,rio1 %ells ( ! m>9e g5]a sol5 & mytilus1 & fre% wat] ampull>iae1 liv+ toge!r 9 bracki% wat]4 ,i also frequ5tly obs]v$ 9 ! lagoon ne> ! ,botanic ,g>d51 :]e ! wat] is only a little less salt ?an 9 ! sea1 a species ( hydrophilus1 v simil> to a wat]-beetle common 9 ! dit*es ( ,engl&3 9 ! same lake ! only %ell belong$ to a g5us g5]ally f\nd 9 e/u>ies4 ,leav+ ! coa/ = a "t1 we aga9 ent]$ ! =e/4 ,! trees 7 v l(ty1 & rem>kable1 comp>$ ) ^? ( ,europe1 f ! :it5ess ( _! trunks4 ,i see by my note-book1 wond]ful & beautiful1 fl[]+ p>asites1 inv>iably /ruck me z ! mo/ novel object 9 ^! gr& sc5es4 ,travell+ onw>ds we pass$ ?r\gh tracts ( pa/urage1 mu* injur$ by ! enorm\s conical ants' ne/s1 :i* 7 ne>ly twelve feet high4 ,!y gave to ! pla9 exactly ! appe>ance ( ! mud volcanos at ,jorullo1 z figur$ by ,humboldt4 ,we arriv$ at ,eng5hodo aft] x 0 d>k1 hav+ be5 t5 h\rs on horseback4 ,i nev] ceas$1 dur+ ! :ole j\rney1 to be surpris$ at ! am\nt ( lab\r :i* ! horses 7 capable ( endur+2 !y appe>$ also to recov] f any injury mu* soon] ?an ^? ( our ,engli% bre$4 ,! ,vampire bat is (t5 ! cause ( mu* tr\ble1 by bit+ ! horses on _! )]s4 ,! injury is g5]ally n s mu* ow+ to ! loss ( blood1 z to ! inflammation :i* ! pressure ( ! saddle aft]w>ds produces4 ,! :ole circum/ance has lately be5 d\bt$ 9 ,engl&2 ,i 0 !re=e =tunate 9 be+ pres5t :5 "o 7,desmodus d'orbignyi1 ,wat47 0 actually caught on a horse's back4 ,we 7 biv\ack+ late "o ev5+ ne> ,coquimbo1 9 ,*ile1 :5 my s]vant1 notic+ t "o ( ! horses 0 v re/ive1 w5t to see :at 0 ! matt]1 & fancy+ he c\ld di/+ui% some?+1 sudd5ly put 8 h& on ! bea/'s )]s1 & secur$ ! vampire4 ,9 ! morn+ ! spot :]e ! bite _h be5 inflict$ 0 easily di/+ui%$ f be+ slightly swoll5 & bloody4 ,! ?ird day aft]w>ds we rode ! horse1 )\t any ill effects4 ,april #ac?4--,aft] ?ree days' travell+ we arriv$ at ,socego1 ! e/ate ( ,s5hor ,manuel ,figuir$a1 a relation ( "o ( our p>ty4 ,! h\se 0 simple1 &1 ?\gh l a b>n 9 =m1 0 well suit$ to ! climate4 ,9 ! sitt+-room gild$ *airs & s(as 7 oddly contra/$ ) ! :itewa%$ walls1 ?at*$ ro(1 & w9d[s )\t glass4 ,! h\se1 toge!r ) ! gran>ies1 ! /ables1 & work%ops = ! blacks1 :o _h be5 taught v>i\s trades1 =m$ a rude k9d ( quadrangle2 9 ! c5tre ( :i* a l>ge pile ( c(fee 0 dry+4 ,^! build+s /& on a little hill1 ov]look+ ! cultivat$ gr\nd1 & surr\nd$ on e side by a wall ( d>k gre5 luxuriant =e/4 ,! *ief produce ( ?is "p ( ! c\ntry is c(fee4 ,ea* tree is suppos$ to yield annually1 on an av]age1 two p\nds2 b "s give z mu* z eight4 ,m&ioca or cassada is likewise cultivat$ 9 great quantity4 ,e "p ( ?is plant is useful2 ! leaves & /alks are eat5 by ! horses1 & ! roots are gr\nd into a pulp1 :i*1 :5 press$ dry & bak$1 =ms ! f>9ha1 ! pr9cipal article ( su/5ance 9 ! ,brazils4 ,x is a curi\s1 ?\gh well-kn[n fact1 t ! juice ( ?is mo/ nutriti\s plant is highly poison\s4 ,a few ye>s ago a c[ di$ at ?is ,faz5da1 9 consequ5ce ( hav+ drunk "s ( x4 ,s5hor ,figuir$a told me t he _h plant$1 ! ye> be=e1 "o bag ( feijao or beans1 & ?ree ( rice2 ! =m] ( :i* produc$ eighty1 & ! latt] ?ree hundr$ & tw5ty fold4 ,! pa/urage supports a f9e /ock ( cattle1 & ! woods are s full ( game t a de] _h be5 kill$ on ea* ( ! ?ree previ\s days4 ,?is pr(usion ( food %[$ itself at d9n]1 :]e1 if ! tables did n groan1 ! gue/s surely did2 = ea* p]son is expect$ to eat ( e di%4 ,"o day1 hav+1 z ,i ?\ght1 nicely calculat$ s t no?+ %\ld g away unta/$1 to my utt] dismay a roa/ turkey & a pig appe>$ 9 all _! sub/antial reality4 ,dur+ ! meals1 x 0 ! employm5t ( a man to drive out ( ! room sundry old h\nds1 & doz5s ( little black *ildr51 :i* crawl$ 9 toge!r1 at e opportunity4 ,z long z ! idea ( slav]y c\ld be bani%$1 !re 0 some?+ exce$+ly fasc9at+ 9 ?is simple & patri>*al /yle ( liv+3 x 0 su* a p]fect retirem5t & indep5d5ce f ! re/ ( ! _w4 ,z soon z any /rang] is se5 arriv+1 a l>ge bell is set toll+1 & g5]ally "s small cannon are fir$4 ,! ev5t is ?us ann\nc$ to ! rocks & woods1 b to no?+ else4 ,"o morn+ ,i walk$ out an h\r be=e daylight to admire ! solemn /illness ( ! sc5e2 at la/1 ! sil5ce 0 brok5 by ! morn+ hymn1 rais$ on high by ! :ole body ( ! blacks2 & 9 ?is mann] _! daily "w is g5]ally begun4 ,on su* faz5das z ^!1 ,i h no d\bt ! slaves pass happy & cont5t$ lives4 ,on ,saturday & ,sunday !y "w = !mselves1 & 9 ?is f]tile climate ! lab\r ( two days is suffici5t to support a man & 8 family = ! :ole week4 ,april #ad?4--,leav+ ,socego1 we rode to ano!r e/ate on ! ,rio ,macae1 :i* 0 ! la/ pat* ( cultivat$ gr\nd 9 t direction4 ,! e/ate 0 two & a half miles long1 & ! own] _h =gott5 h[ _m broad4 ,only a v small piece _h be5 cle>$1 yet almo/ e acre 0 capable ( yield+ all ! v>i\s ri* productions ( a tropical l&4 ,consid]+ ! enorm\s area ( ,brazil1 ! proportion ( cultivat$ gr\nd c sc>cely be consid]$ z any?+1 comp>$ to t :i* is left 9 ! /ate ( nature3 at "s future age1 h[ va/ a population x w support6 ,dur+ ! second day's j\rney we f\nd ! road s %ut up1 t x 0 necess>y t a man %\ld g ahead ) a sword to cut away ! creep]s4 ,! =e/ ab\nd$ ) beautiful objects2 among :i* ! tree f]ns1 ?\gh n l>ge1 71 f _! bright gre5 foliage1 & ! elegant curvature ( _! fronds1 mo/ wor?y ( admiration4 ,9 ! ev5+ x ra9$ v heavily1 & al?\gh ! !rmomet] /ood at #fe degs41 ,i felt v cold4 ,z soon z ! ra9 ceas$1 x 0 curi\s to obs]ve ! extraord9>y evaporation :i* comm5c$ ov] ! :ole ext5t ( ! =e/4 ,at ! height ( a hundr$ feet ! hills 7 buri$ 9 a d5se :ite vap\r1 :i* rose l columns ( smoke f ! mo/ ?ickly wood$ p>ts1 & especially f ! valleys4 ,i obs]v$ ?is ph5om5on on sev]al occasions4 ,i suppose x is ow+ to ! l>ge surface ( foliage1 previ\sly heat$ by ! sun's rays4 ,:ile /ay+ at ?is e/ate1 ,i 0 v ne>ly be+ an eye-witness to "o ( ^? atroci\s acts :i* c only take place 9 a slave c\ntry4 ,ow+ to a qu>rel & a lawsuit1 ! own] 0 on ! po9t ( tak+ all ! wom5 & *ildr5 f ! male slaves1 & sell+ !m sep>ately at ! public auction at ,rio4 ,int]e/1 & n any feel+ ( compassion1 prev5t$ ?is act4 ,inde$1 ,i d n believe ! inhumanity ( sep>at+ ?irty families1 :o _h liv$ toge!r = _m ye>s1 ev5 occurr$ to ! own]4 ,yet ,i w pl$ge myself1 t 9 humanity & good feel+ he 0 sup]ior to ! common run ( m54 ,x may be said !re exi/s no limit to ! bl9dness ( int]e/ & selfi% habit4 ,i may m5tion "o v trifl+ anecdote1 :i* at ! "t /ruck me m =cibly ?an any /ory ( cruelty4 ,i 0 cross+ a f]ry ) a negro1 :o 0 uncommonly /upid4 ,9 endeav\r+ to make him und]/&1 ,i talk$ l\d1 & made signs1 9 do+ :i* ,i pass$ my h& ne> 8 face4 ,he1 ,i suppose1 ?\ght ,i 0 9 a passion1 & 0 go+ to /rike him2 = in/antly1 ) a fright5$ look & half-%ut eyes1 he dropp$ 8 h&s4 ,i %all nev] =get my feel+s ( surprise1 disgu/1 & %ame1 at see+ a great p[]ful man afraid ev5 to w>d (f a bl[1 direct$1 z he ?\ght1 at 8 face4 ,?is man _h be5 tra9$ to a degradation l[] ?an ! slav]y ( ! mo/ helpless animal4 ,april #ah?4--,9 return+ we sp5t two days at ,socego1 & ,i employ$ !m 9 collect+ insects 9 ! =e/4 ,! great] numb] ( trees1 al?\gh s l(ty1 are n m ?an ?ree or f\r feet 9 circumf]5ce4 ,!re are1 ( c\rse1 a few ( mu* great] dim5sions4 ,s5hor ,manuel 0 !n mak+ a canoe #gj feet 9 l5g? f a solid trunk1 :i* _h orig9ally be5 #aaj feet long1 & ( great ?ickness4 ,! contra/ ( palm trees1 gr[+ amid/ ! common bran*+ k9ds1 nev] fails to give ! sc5e an int]tropical "*4 ,"h ! woods 7 ornam5t$ by ! ,cabbage ,palm--"o ( ! mo/ beautiful ( its family4 ,) a /em s n>r[ t x might be clasp$ ) ! two h&s1 x waves its elegant head at ! height ( =ty or fifty feet above ! gr\nd4 ,! woody creep]s1 !mselves cov]$ by o!r creep]s1 7 ( great ?ickness3 "s :i* ,i measur$ 7 two feet 9 circumf]5ce4 ,_m ( ! old] trees pres5t$ a v curi\s appe>ance f ! tresses ( a liana hang+ f _! b\ghs1 & resembl+ bundles ( hay4 ,if ! eye 0 turn$ f ! _w ( foliage above1 to ! gr\nd b5ea?1 x 0 attract$ by ! extreme elegance ( ! leaves ( ! f]ns & mimosae4 ,! latt]1 9 "s p>ts1 cov]$ ! surface ) a bru%wood only a few in*es high4 ,9 walk+ across ^! ?ick b$s ( mimosae1 a broad track 0 m>k$ by ! *ange ( %ade1 produc$ by ! droop+ ( _! s5sitive petioles4 ,x is easy to specify ! individual objects ( admiration 9 ^! gr& sc5es2 b x is n possible to give an adequate idea ( ! high] feel+s ( wond]1 a/oni%m5t1 & devotion1 :i* fill & elevate ! m9d4 ,april #ai?4--,leav+ ,socego1 dur+ ! two fir/ days1 we retrac$ our /eps4 ,x 0 v we>isome "w1 z ! road g5]ally ran across a gl>+ hot s&y pla91 n f> f ! coa/4 ,i notic$ t ea* "t ! horse put its foot on ! f9e silice\s s&1 a g5tle *irp+ noise 0 produc$4 ,on ! ?ird day we took a diff]5t l9e1 & pass$ ?r\gh ! gay little village ( ,madre de ,deos4 ,?is is "o ( ! pr9cipal l9es ( road 9 ,brazil2 yet x 0 9 s bad a /ate t no :eel$ vehicle1 except+ ! clumsy bullock-wagon1 c\ld pass along4 ,9 our :ole j\rney we did n cross a s+le bridge built ( /one2 & ^? made ( logs ( wood 7 frequ5tly s mu* out ( repair1 t x 0 necess>y to g on "o side to avoid !m4 ,all di/ances are inaccurately kn[n4 ,! road is (t5 m>k$ by crosses1 9 ! place ( mile/ones1 to signify :]e human blood has be5 spill$4 ,on ! ev5+ ( ! #bcrd we arriv$ at ,rio1 hav+ f9i%$ our pleasant little excursion4 ,dur+ ! rema9d] ( my /ay at ,rio1 ,i resid$ 9 a cottage at ,bot(ogo ,bay4 ,x 0 impossible to wi% = any?+ m delightful ?an ?us to sp5d "s weeks 9 s magnific5t a c\ntry4 ,9 ,engl& any p]son fond ( natural hi/ory enjoys 9 8 walks a great advantage1 by always hav+ some?+ to attract 8 att5tion2 b 9 ^! f]tile climates1 teem+ ) life1 ! attractions are s num]\s1 t he is sc>cely able to walk at all4 ,! few obs]vations :i* ,i 0 enabl$ to make 7 almo/ exclusively conf9$ to ! inv]tebrate animals4 ,! exi/5ce ( a division ( ! g5us ,plan>ia1 :i* inhabits ! dry l&1 int]e/$ me mu*4 ,^! animals are ( s simple a /ructure1 t ,cuvi] has arrang$ !m ) ! inte/9al worms1 ?\gh nev] f\nd )9 ! bodies ( o!r animals4 ,num]\s species inhabit bo? salt & fre% wat]2 b ^? to :i* ,i allude 7 f\nd1 ev5 9 ! dri] p>ts ( ! =e/1 b5ea? logs ( rott5 wood1 on :i* ,i believe !y fe$4 ,9 g5]al =m !y resemble little slugs1 b are v mu* n>r[] 9 proportion1 & sev]al ( ! species are beautifully col\r$ ) longitud9al /ripes4 ,_! /ructure is v simple3 ne> ! middle ( ! "u or crawl+ surface !re are two small transv]se slits1 f ! ant]ior "o ( :i* a funnel-%ap$ & highly irritable m\? c be protrud$4 ,= "s "t aft] ! re/ ( ! animal 0 completely dead f ! effects ( salt wat] or any o!r cause1 ?is organ /ill reta9$ its vitality4 ,i f\nd no less ?an twelve diff]5t species ( t]re/rial ,plan>iae 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! s\!rn hemisph]e4 #c ,"s specim5s :i* ,i obta9$ at ,van ,dieman's ,l&1 ,i kept alive = ne>ly two mon?s1 fe$+ !m on rott5 wood4 ,hav+ cut "o ( !m transv]sely into two ne>ly equal p>ts1 9 ! c\rse ( a =tnight bo? _h ! %ape ( p]fect animals4 ,i _h1 h[ev]1 s divid$ ! body1 t "o ( ! halves conta9$ bo? ! inf]ior orifices1 & ! o!r1 9 consequ5ce1 none4 ,9 ! c\rse ( tw5ty-five days f ! op]ation1 ! m p]fect half c\ld n h be5 di/+ui%$ f any o!r specim54 ,! o!r _h increas$ mu* 9 size2 & t[>ds its po/]ior end1 a cle> space 0 =m$ 9 ! p>5*ymat\s mass1 9 :i* a rudim5t>y cup-%ap$ m\? c\ld cle>ly be di/+ui%$2 on ! "u surface1 h[ev]1 no correspond+ slit 0 yet op54 ,if ! increas$ heat ( ! wea!r1 z we approa*$ ! equator1 _h n de/roy$ all ! individuals1 !re c be no d\bt t ?is la/ /ep w\ld h complet$ its /ructure4 ,al?\gh s well-kn[n an exp]im5t1 x 0 int]e/+ to wat* ! gradual production ( e ess5tial organ1 out ( ! simple extremity ( ano!r animal4 ,x is extremely difficult to pres]ve ^! ,plan>iae2 z soon z ! cessation ( life all[s ! ord9>y laws ( *ange to act1 _! entire bodies become s(t & fluid1 ) a rapidity :i* ,i h nev] se5 equall$4 ,i fir/ visit$ ! =e/ 9 :i* ^! ,plan>iae 7 f\nd1 9 company ) an old ,portuguese prie/ :o took me out to hunt ) him4 ,! sport consi/$ 9 turn+ into ! cov] a few dogs1 & !n pati5tly wait+ to fire at any animal :i* might appe>4 ,we 7 accompani$ by ! son ( a neighb\r+ f>m]--a good specim5 ( a wild ,brazilian y\?4 ,he 0 dress$ 9 a tatt]$ old %irt & tr\s]s1 & _h 8 head uncov]$3 he c>ri$ an old-fa%ion$ gun & a l>ge knife4 ,! habit ( c>ry+ ! knife is univ]sal2 & 9 trav]s+ a ?ick wood x is almo/ necess>y1 on acc\nt ( ! creep+ plants4 ,! frequ5t occurr5ce ( murd] may be p>tly attribut$ to ?is habit4 ,! ,brazilians are s dext]\s ) ! knife1 t !y c ?r[ x to "s di/ance ) precision1 & ) suffici5t =ce to cause a fatal w\nd4 ,i h se5 a numb] ( little boys practis+ ?is art z a game ( play & f _! skill 9 hitt+ an upright /ick1 !y promis$ well = m e>ne/ attempts4 ,my companion1 ! day be=e1 _h %ot two l>ge be>d$ monkeys4 ,^! animals h preh5sile tails1 ! extremity ( :i*1 ev5 aft] dea?1 c support ! :ole weight ( ! body4 ,"o ( !m ?us rema9$ fa/ to a bran*1 & x 0 necess>y to cut d[n a l>ge tree to procure x4 ,?is 0 soon effect$1 & d[n came tree & monkey ) an awful cra%4 ,our day's sport1 besides ! monkey1 0 conf9$ to sundry small gre5 p>rots & a few t\cans4 ,i pr(it$1 h[ev]1 by my acqua9tance ) ! ,portuguese padre1 = on ano!r occasion he gave me a f9e specim5 ( ! ,yag\>\ndi cat4 ,e "o has he>d ( ! beauty ( ! sc5]y ne> ,bot(ogo4 ,! h\se 9 :i* ,i liv$ 0 seat$ close b5ea? ! well-kn[n m\nta9 ( ! ,corcovado4 ,x has be5 rem>k$1 ) mu* tru?1 t abruptly conical hills are *>act]i/ic ( ! =mation :i* ,humboldt designates z gneiss-granite4 ,no?+ c be m /rik+ ?an ! effect ( ^! huge r\nd$ masses ( nak$ rock ris+ out ( ! mo/ luxuriant vegetation4 ,i 0 (t5 int]e/$ by wat*+ ! cl\ds1 :i*1 roll+ 9 f seaw>d1 =m$ a bank j b5ea? ! highe/ po9t ( ! ,corcovado4 ,?is m\nta91 l mo/ o!rs1 :5 ?us p>tly veil$1 appe>$ to rise to a f> pr\d] elevation ?an its real height ( #bcjj feet4 ,mr4 ,daniell has obs]v$1 9 8 meteorological essays1 t a cl\d sometimes appe>s fix$ on a m\nta9 summit1 :ile ! w9d cont9ues to bl[ ov] x4 ,! same ph5om5on "h pres5t$ a slightly diff]5t appe>ance4 ,9 ?is case ! cl\d 0 cle>ly se5 to curl ov]1 & rapidly pass by ! summit1 & yet 0 nei!r dim9i%$ nor increas$ 9 size4 ,! sun 0 sett+1 & a g5tle s\!rly breeze1 /rik+ aga9/ ! s\!rn side ( ! rock1 m+l$ its curr5t ) ! cold] air above2 & ! vap\r 0 ?us cond5s$2 b z ! light wrea?s ( cl\d pass$ ov] ! ridge1 & came )9 ! influ5ce ( ! w>m] atmosph]e ( ! nor!rn slop+ bank1 !y 7 imm$iately re-dissolv$4 ,! climate1 dur+ ! mon?s ( ,may & ,june1 or ! beg9n+ ( w9t]1 0 delightful4 ,! mean temp]ature1 f obs]vations tak5 at n9e o'clock1 bo? morn+ & ev5+1 0 only #gb degs4 ,x (t5 ra9$ heavily1 b ! dry+ s\!rly w9ds soon aga9 r5d]$ ! walks pleasant4 ,"o morn+1 9 ! c\rse ( six h\rs1 #a4f in*es ( ra9 fell4 ,z ?is /orm pass$ ov] ! =e/s :i* surr\nd ! ,corcovado1 ! s\nd produc$ by ! drops patt]+ on ! c\ntless multitude ( leaves 0 v rem>kable1 x c\ld be he>d at ! di/ance ( a qu>t] ( a mile1 & 0 l ! ru%+ ( a great body ( wat]4 ,aft] ! hott] days1 x 0 delici\s to sit quietly 9 ! g>d5 & wat* ! ev5+ pass into night4 ,nature1 9 ^! climes1 *ooses h] vocali/s f m humble p]=m]s ?an 9 ,europe4 ,a small frog1 ( ! g5us ,hyla1 sits on a blade ( grass ab\t an in* above ! surface ( ! wat]1 & s5ds =? a pleas+ *irp3 :5 sev]al are toge!r !y s+ 9 h>mony on diff]5t notes4 ,i _h "s difficulty 9 cat*+ a specim5 ( ?is frog4 ,! g5us ,hyla has its toes t]m9at$ by small suck]s2 & ,i f\nd ?is animal c\ld crawl up a pane ( glass1 :5 plac$ absolutely p]p5dicul>4 ,v>i\s cicidae & crickets1 at ! same "t1 keep up a ceaseless %rill cry1 b :i*1 s(t5$ by ! di/ance1 is n unpleasant4 ,e ev5+ aft] d>k ?is great conc]t comm5c$2 & (t5 h ,i sat li/5+ to x1 until my att5tion has be5 drawn away by "s curi\s pass+ insect4 ,at ^! times ! fireflies are se5 flitt+ ab\t f h$ge to h$ge4 ,on a d>k night ! light c be se5 at ab\t two hundr$ paces di/ant4 ,x is rem>kable t 9 all ! diff]5t k9ds ( gl[worms1 %9+ elat]s1 & v>i\s m>9e animals 7su* z ! cru/acea1 m$usae1 n]eidae1 a corall9e ( ! g5us ,clytia1 & ,pyrosma71 :i* ,i h obs]v$1 ! light has be5 ( a well-m>k$ gre5 col\r4 ,all ! fireflies1 :i* ,i caught "h1 belong$ to ! ,lampyridae 79 :i* family ! ,engli% gl[worm is includ$71 & ! great] numb] ( specim5s 7 ( ,lampyris occid5talis4 #d ,i f\nd t ?is insect emitt$ ! mo/ brilliant fla%es :5 irritat$3 9 ! int]vals1 ! abdom9al r+s 7 obscur$4 ,! fla% 0 almo/ co-in/antane\s 9 ! two r+s1 b x 0 j p]ceptible fir/ 9 ! ant]ior "o4 ,! %9+ matt] 0 fluid & v adhesive3 little spots1 :]e ! sk9 _h be5 torn1 cont9u$ bright ) a slight sc9tillation1 :il/ ! un9jur$ p>ts 7 obscur$4 ,:5 ! insect 0 decapitat$ ! r+s rema9$ un9t]rupt$ly bright1 b n s brilliant z be=e3 local irritation ) a ne$le always increas$ ! vividness ( ! light4 ,! r+s 9 "o in/ance reta9$ _! lum9\s prop]ty ne>ly tw5ty-f\r h\rs aft] ! dea? ( ! insect4 ,f ^! facts x w\ld appe> probable1 t ! animal has only ! p[] ( conceal+ or ext+ui%+ ! light = %ort int]vals1 & t at o!r times ! display is involunt>y4 ,on ! muddy & wet gravel-walks ,i f\nd ! l>vae ( ?is lampyris 9 great numb]s3 !y resembl$ 9 g5]al =m ! female ( ! ,engli% gl[worm4 ,^! l>vae possess$ b feeble lum9\s p[]s2 v diff]5tly f _! p>5ts1 on ! slighte/ t\* !y feign$ dea? & ceas$ to %9e2 nor did irritation excite any fre% display4 ,i kept sev]al ( !m alive = "s "t3 _! tails are v s+ul> organs1 = !y act1 by a well-fitt$ contrivance1 z suck]s or organs ( atta*m5t1 & likewise z res]voirs = saliva1 or "s su* fluid4 ,i repeat$ly f$ !m on raw meat2 & ,i inv>iably obs]v$1 t e n[ & !n ! extremity ( ! tail 0 appli$ to ! m\?1 & a drop ( fluid exud$ on ! meat1 :i* 0 !n 9 ! act ( be+ consum$4 ,! tail1 not)/&+ s mu* practice1 does n seem to be able to f9d its way to ! m\?2 at lea/ ! neck 0 always t\*$ fir/1 & app>5tly z a guide4 ,:5 we 7 at ,bahia1 an elat] or beetle 7,pyrophorus lum9osus1 ,illig47 seem$ ! mo/ common lum9\s insect4 ,! light 9 ?is case 0 also r5d]$ m brilliant by irritation4 ,i amus$ myself "o day by obs]v+ ! spr++ p[]s ( ?is insect1 :i* h n1 z x appe>s to me1 be5 prop]ly describ$4 #e ,! elat]1 :5 plac$ on its back & prep>+ to spr+1 mov$ its head & ?orax backw>ds1 s t ! pectoral sp9e 0 drawn out1 & re/$ on ! edge ( its %ea?4 ,! same backw>d movem5t be+ cont9u$1 ! sp9e1 by ! full action ( ! muscles1 0 b5t l a spr+2 & ! insect at ?is mom5t re/$ on ! extremity ( its head & w+-cases4 ,! ef=t be+ sudd5ly relax$1 ! head & ?orax flew up1 & 9 consequ5ce1 ! base ( ! w+-cases /ruck ! support+ surface ) su* =ce1 t ! insect by ! reaction 0 j]k$ upw>ds to ! height ( "o or two in*es4 ,! project+ po9ts ( ! ?orax1 & ! %ea? ( ! sp9e1 s]v$ to /eady ! :ole body dur+ ! spr+4 ,9 ! descriptions :i* ,i h read1 suffici5t /ress does n appe> to h be5 laid on ! ela/icity ( ! sp9e3 s sudd5 a spr+ c\ld n be ! result ( simple muscul> contraction1 )\t ! aid ( "s me*anical contrivance4 ,on sev]al occasions ,i enjoy$ "s %ort b mo/ pleasant excursions 9 ! neighb\r+ c\ntry4 ,"o day ,i w5t to ! ,botanic ,g>d51 :]e _m plants1 well kn[n = _! great utility1 might be se5 gr[+4 ,! leaves ( ! camphor1 pepp]1 c9namon1 & clove trees 7 delightfully aromatic2 & ! bread-fruit1 ! jaca1 & ! mango1 vi$ ) ea* o!r 9 ! magnific5ce ( _! foliage4 ,! l&scape 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,bahia almo/ takes its "* f ! two latt] trees4 ,be=e see+ !m1 ,i _h no idea t any trees c\ld ca/ s black a %ade on ! gr\nd4 ,bo? ( !m be> to ! ev]gre5 vegetation ( ^! climates ! same k9d ( relation :i* laurels & hollies 9 ,engl& d to ! light] gre5 ( ! decidu\s trees4 ,x may be obs]v$1 t ! h\ses )9 ! tropics are surr\nd$ by ! mo/ beautiful =ms ( vegetation1 because _m ( !m are at ! same "t mo/ useful to man4 ,:o c d\bt t ^! qualities are unit$ 9 ! banana1 ! cocoa-nut1 ! _m k9ds ( palm1 ! orange1 & ! bread-fruit tree8 ,dur+ ?is day ,i 0 p>ticul>ly /ruck ) a rem>k ( ,humboldt's1 :o (t5 alludes to ! ?9 vap\r :i*1 )\t *ang+ ! transp>5cy ( ! air1 r5d]s its t9ts m h>moni\s1 & s(t5s its effects4 ,?is is an appe>ance :i* ,i h nev] obs]v$ 9 ! temp]ate zones4 ,! atmosph]e1 se5 ?r\gh a %ort space ( half or ?ree-qu>t]s ( a mile1 0 p]fectly lucid1 b at a great] di/ance all col\rs 7 bl5d$ into a mo/ beautiful haze1 ( a pale ,fr5* grey1 m+l$ ) a little blue4 ,! condition ( ! atmosph]e betwe5 ! morn+ & ab\t noon1 :5 ! effect 0 mo/ evid5t1 _h und]gone little *ange1 except+ 9 its dryness4 ,9 ! int]val1 ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! dew po9t & temp]ature _h increas$ f #g4e to #ag degs4 ,on ano!r occasion ,i />t$ e>ly & walk$ to ! ,gavia1 or topsail m\nta94 ,! air 0 delightfully cool & fragrant2 & ! drops ( dew /ill glitt]$ on ! leaves ( ! l>ge liliace\s plants1 :i* %ad$ ! /reamlets ( cle> wat]4 ,sitt+ d[n on a block ( granite1 x 0 delightful to wat* ! v>i\s insects & birds z !y flew pa/4 ,! humm+-bird seems p>ticul>ly fond ( su* %ady retir$ spots4 ,:5ev] ,i saw ^! little creatures buzz+ r\nd a fl[]1 ) _! w+s vibrat+ s rapidly z to be sc>cely visible1 ,i 0 rem9d$ ( ! sph9x mo?s3 _! movem5ts & habits are inde$ 9 _m respects v simil>4 ,foll[+ a pa?way1 ,i ent]$ a noble =e/1 & f a height ( five or six hundr$ feet1 "o ( ^? spl5did views 0 pres5t$1 :i* are s common on e side ( ,rio4 ,at ?is elevation ! l&scape atta9s its mo/ brilliant t9t2 & e =m1 e %ade1 s completely surpasses 9 magnific5ce all t ! ,european has ev] beheld 9 8 own c\ntry1 t he kn[s n h[ to express 8 feel+s4 ,! g5]al effect frequ5tly recall$ to my m9d ! gaye/ sc5]y ( ! ,op]a-h\se or ! great !atres4 ,i nev] return$ f ^! excursions empty-h&$4 ,?is day ,i f\nd a specim5 ( a curi\s fungus1 call$ ,hym5ophallus4 ,mo/ p "k ! ,engli% ,phallus1 :i* 9 autumn ta9ts ! air ) its odi\s smell3 ?is1 h[ev]1 z ! entomologi/ is aw>e1 is1 to "s ( our beetles a delightful fragrance4 ,s 0 x "h2 = a ,/rongylus1 attract$ by ! od\r1 alight$ on ! fungus z ,i c>ri$ x 9 my h&4 ,we "h see 9 two di/ant c\ntries a simil> relation betwe5 plants & insects ( ! same families1 ?\gh ! species ( bo? are diff]5t4 ,:5 man is ! ag5t 9 introduc+ into a c\ntry a new species1 ?is relation is (t5 brok53 z "o in/ance ( ?is ,i may m5tion1 t ! leaves ( ! cabbages & lettuces1 :i* 9 ,engl& af=d food to su* a multitude ( slugs & cat]pill>s1 9 ! g>d5s ne> ,rio are unt\*$4 ,dur+ our /ay at ,brazil ,i made a l>ge collection ( insects4 ,a few g5]al obs]vations on ! comp>ative importance ( ! diff]5t ord]s may be int]e/+ to ! ,engli% entomologi/4 ,! l>ge & brilliantly col\r$ ,lepidopt]a bespeak ! zone !y inhabit1 f> m pla9ly ?an any o!r race ( animals4 ,i allude only to ! butt]flies2 = ! mo?s1 contr>y to :at might h be5 expect$ f ! rankness ( ! vegetation1 c]ta9ly appe>$ 9 mu* few] numb]s ?an 9 our own temp]ate regions4 ,i 0 mu* surpris$ at ! habits ( ,papilio f]onia4 ,?is butt]fly is n uncommon1 & g5]ally frequ5ts ! orange-groves4 ,al?\gh a high fli]1 yet x v frequ5tly alights on ! trunks ( trees4 ,on ^! occasions its head is inv>iably plac$ d[nw>ds2 & its w+s are exp&$ 9 a horizontal plane1 in/ead ( be+ fold$ v]tically1 z is commonly ! case4 ,?is is ! only butt]fly :i* ,i h ev] se51 t uses its legs = runn+4 ,n be+ aw>e ( ?is fact1 ! insect1 m ?an once1 z ,i cauti\sly approa*$ ) my =ceps1 %uffl$ on "o side j z ! in/rum5t 0 on ! po9t ( clos+1 & ?us escap$4 ,b a f> m s+ul> fact is ! p[] :i* ?is species possesses ( mak+ a noise4 #f ,sev]al times :5 a pair1 probably male & female1 7 *as+ ea* o!r 9 an irregul> c\rse1 !y pass$ )9 a few y>ds ( me2 & ,i di/9ctly he>d a click+ noise1 simil> to t produc$ by a too!d :eel pass+ "u a spr+ cat*4 ,! noise 0 cont9u$ at %ort int]vals1 & c\ld be di/+ui%$ at ab\t tw5ty y>ds' di/ance3 ,i am c]ta9 !re is no error 9 ! obs]vation4 ,i 0 disappo9t$ 9 ! g5]al aspect ( ! ,coleopt]a4 ,! numb] ( m9ute & obscurely col\r$ beetles is exce$+ly great4 #g ,! cab9ets ( ,europe c1 z yet1 boa/ only ( ! l>g] species f tropical climates4 ,x is suffici5t to di/urb ! composure ( an entomologi/'s m9d1 to look =w>d to ! future dim5sions ( a complete catalogue4 ,! c>nivor\s beetles1 or ,c>abidae1 appe> 9 extremely few numb]s )9 ! tropics3 ?is is ! m rem>kable :5 comp>$ to ! case ( ! c>nivor\s quadrup$s1 :i* are s abundant 9 hot c\ntries4 ,i 0 /ruck ) ?is obs]vation bo? on ent]+ ,brazil1 & :5 ,i saw ! _m elegant & active =ms ( ! ,h>palidae re-appe>+ on ! temp]ate pla9s ( ,la ,plata4 ,d ! v num]\s spid]s & rapaci\s ,hym5opt]a supply ! place ( ! c>nivor\s beetles8 ,! c>rion-fe$]s & ,bra*elytra are v uncommon2 on ! o!r h&1 ! ,rhyncophora & ,*rysomelidae1 all ( :i* dep5d on ! vegetable _w = subsi/5ce1 are pres5t 9 a/oni%+ numb]s4 ,i d n "h ref] to ! numb] ( diff]5t species1 b to t ( ! individual insects2 = on ?is x is t ! mo/ /rik+ "* 9 ! entomology ( diff]5t c\ntries dep5ds4 ,! ord]s ,or?opt]a & ,hemipt]a are p>ticul>ly num]\s2 z likewise is ! /++ division ( ! ,hym5opt]a ! bees1 p]haps1 be+ except$4 ,a p]son1 on fir/ ent]+ a tropical =e/1 is a/oni%$ at ! lab\rs ( ! ants3 well-beat5 pa?s bran* (f 9 e direction1 on :i* an army ( nev]-fail+ =ag]s may be se51 "s go+ =?1 & o!rs return+1 burd5$ ) pieces ( gre5 leaf1 (t5 l>g] ?an _! own bodies4 ,a small d>k-col\r$ ant sometimes migrates 9 c\ntless numb]s4 ,"o day1 at ,bahia1 my att5tion 0 drawn by obs]v+ _m spid]s1 cockroa*es1 & o!r insects1 & "s liz>ds1 ru%+ 9 ! greate/ agitation across a b>e piece ( gr\nd4 ,a little way beh9d1 e /alk & leaf 0 black5$ by a small ant4 ,! sw>m hav+ cross$ ! b>e space1 divid$ itself1 & desc5d$ an old wall4 ,by ?is means _m insects 7 fairly enclos$2 & ! ef=ts :i* ! poor little creatures made to extricate !mselves f su* a dea? 7 wond]ful4 ,:5 ! ants came to ! road !y *ang$ _! c\rse1 & 9 n>r[ files reasc5d$ ! wall4 ,hav+ plac$ a small /one s z to int]cept "o ( ! l9es1 ! :ole body attack$ x1 & !n imm$iately retir$4 ,%ortly aft]w>ds ano!r body came to ! *>ge1 & aga9 hav+ fail$ to make any impression1 ?is l9e ( m>* 0 entirely giv5 up4 ,by go+ an in* r\nd1 ! file might h avoid$ ! /one1 & ?is d\btless w\ld h happ5$1 if x _h be5 orig9ally !re3 b hav+ be5 attack$1 ! lion-he>t$ little w>riors scorn$ ! idea ( yield+4 ,c]ta9 wasp-l insects1 :i* con/ruct 9 ! corn]s ( ! v]&ahs clay cells = _! l>vae1 are v num]\s 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,rio4 ,^! cells !y /uff full ( half-dead spid]s & cat]pill>s1 :i* !y seem wond]fully to "k h[ to /+ to t degree z to leave !m p>alys$ b alive1 until _! eggs are hat*$2 & ! l>vae fe$ on ! horrid mass ( p[]less1 half-kill$ victims--a sight :i* has be5 describ$ by an en?usia/ic naturali/ #h z curi\s & pleas+6 ,i 0 mu* int]e/$ "o day by wat*+ a deadly conte/ betwe5 a ,pepsis & a l>ge spid] ( ! g5us ,lycosa4 ,! wasp made a sudd5 da% at its prey1 & !n flew away3 ! spid] 0 evid5tly w\nd$1 =1 try+ to escape1 x roll$ d[n a little slope1 b _h /ill /r5g? suffici5t to crawl into a ?ick tuft ( grass4 ,! wasp soon return$1 & seem$ surpris$ at n imm$iately f9d+ its victim4 ,x !n comm5c$ z regul> a hunt z ev] h\nd did aft] fox2 mak+ %ort semicircul> ca/s1 & all ! "t rapidly vibrat+ its w+s & ant5nae4 ,! spid]1 ?\gh well conceal$1 0 soon discov]$1 & ! wasp1 evid5tly /ill afraid ( its adv]s>y's jaws1 aft] mu* manoeuvr+1 inflict$ two /+s on ! "u side ( its ?orax4 ,at la/1 c>efully exam9+ ) its ant5nae ! n[ motionless spid]1 x proce$$ to drag away ! body4 ,b ,i /opp$ bo? tyrant & prey4 #i ,! numb] ( spid]s1 9 proportion to o!r insects1 is "h comp>$ ) ,engl& v mu* l>g]2 p]haps m s ?an ) any o!r division ( ! articulate animals4 ,! v>iety ( species among ! jump+ spid]s appe>s almo/ inf9ite4 ,! g5us1 or r family1 ( ,epeira1 is "h *>act]iz$ by _m s+ul> =ms2 "s species h po9t$ coriace\s %ells1 o!rs enl>g$ & sp9y tibiae4 ,e pa? 9 ! =e/ is b>ricad$ ) ! /rong yell[ web ( a species1 belong+ to ! same division ) ! ,epeira clavipes ( ,fabricius1 :i* 0 =m]ly said by ,sloane to make1 9 ! ,we/ ,indies1 webs s /rong z to cat* birds4 ,a small & pretty k9d ( spid]1 ) v long =e-legs1 & :i* appe>s to belong to an undescrib$ g5us1 lives z a p>asite on almo/ e "o ( ^! webs4 ,i suppose x is too insignificant to be notic$ by ! great ,epeira1 & is !re=e all[$ to prey on ! m9ute insects1 :i*1 adh]+ to ! l9es1 w\ld o!rwise be wa/$4 ,:5 fright5$1 ?is little spid] ei!r feigns dea? by ext5d+ its front legs1 or sudd5ly drops f ! web4 ,a l>ge ,epeira ( ! same division ) ,epeira tub]culata & conica is extremely common1 especially 9 dry situations4 ,its web1 :i* is g5]ally plac$ among ! great leaves ( ! common agave1 is sometimes /r5g!n$ ne> ! c5tre by a pair or ev5 f\r zigzag ribbons1 :i* connect two adjo9+ rays4 ,:5 any l>ge insect1 z a gras%opp] or wasp1 is caught1 ! spid]1 by a dext]\s movem5t1 makes x revolve v rapidly1 & at ! same "t emitt+ a b& ( ?reads f its sp9n]s1 soon envelops its prey 9 a case l ! cocoon ( a silkworm4 ,! spid] n[ exam9es ! p[]less victim1 & gives ! fatal bite on ! h9d] "p ( its ?orax2 !n retreat+1 pati5tly waits till ! poison has tak5 effect4 ,! virul5ce ( ?is poison may be judg$ ( f ! fact t 9 half a m9ute ,i op5$ ! me%1 & f\nd a l>ge wasp q lifeless4 ,?is ,epeira always /&s ) its head d[nw>ds ne> ! c5tre ( ! web4 ,:5 di/urb$1 x acts diff]5tly accord+ to circum/ances3 if !re is a ?icket bel[1 x sudd5ly falls d[n2 & ,i h di/9ctly se5 ! ?read f ! sp9n]s l5g!n$ by ! animal :ile yet /ation>y1 z prep>atory to its fall4 ,if ! gr\nd is cle> b5ea?1 ! ,epeira seldom falls1 b moves quickly ?r\gh a c5tral passage f "o to ! o!r side4 ,:5 /ill fur!r di/urb$1 x practises a mo/ curi\s manoeuvre3 /&+ 9 ! middle1 x viol5tly j]ks ! web1 :i* x atta*$ to ela/ic twigs1 till at la/ ! :ole acquires su* a rapid vibratory movem5t1 t ev5 ! outl9e ( ! spid]'s body becomes indi/9ct4 ,x is well kn[n t mo/ ( ! ,briti% spid]s1 :5 a l>ge insect is caught 9 _! webs1 endeav\r to cut ! l9es & lib]ate _! prey1 to save _! nets f be+ entirely spoil$4 ,i once1 h[ev]1 saw 9 a ho?\se 9 ,%rop%ire a l>ge female wasp caught 9 ! irregul> web ( a q small spid]2 & ?is spid]1 in/ead ( cutt+ ! web1 mo/ p]sev]+ly cont9u$ to entangle ! body1 & especially ! w+s1 ( its prey4 ,! wasp at fir/ aim$ 9 va9 repeat$ ?ru/s ) its /+ at its little antagoni/4 ,pity+ ! wasp1 aft] all[+ x to /ruggle = m ?an an h\r1 ,i kill$ x & put x back into ! web4 ,! spid] soon return$2 & an h\r aft]w>ds ,i 0 mu* surpris$ to f9d x ) its jaws buri$ 9 ! orifice1 ?r\gh :i* ! /+ is protrud$ by ! liv+ wasp4 ,i drove ! spid] away two or ?ree times1 b = ! next tw5ty-f\r h\rs ,i always f\nd x aga9 suck+ at ! same place4 ,! spid] became mu* di/5d$ by ! juices ( its prey1 :i* 0 _m times l>g] ?an itself4 ,i may "h j m5tion1 t ,i f\nd1 ne> ,/4 ,fe ,bajada1 _m l>ge black spid]s1 ) ruby-col\r$ m>ks on _! backs1 hav+ greg>i\s habits4 ,! webs 7 plac$ v]tically1 z is inv>iably ! case ) ! g5us ,epeira3 !y 7 sep>at$ f ea* o!r by a space ( ab\t two feet1 b 7 all atta*$ to c]ta9 common l9es1 :i* 7 ( great l5g?1 & ext5d$ to all p>ts ( ! community4 ,9 ?is mann] ! tops ( "s l>ge bu%es 7 encompass$ by ! unit$ nets4 ,az>a #aj has describ$ a greg>i\s spid] 9 ,p>aguay1 :i* ,walckana] ?9ks mu/ be a ,!ridion1 b probably x is an ,epeira1 & p]haps ev5 ! same species ) m9e4 ,i _c1 h[ev]1 recollect see+ a c5tral ne/ z l>ge z a hat1 9 :i*1 dur+ autumn1 :5 ! spid]s die1 ,az>a says ! eggs are deposit$4 ,z all ! spid]s :i* ,i saw 7 ( ! same size1 !y mu/ h be5 ne>ly ( ! same age4 ,?is greg>i\s habit1 9 s typical a g5us z ,epeira1 among insects1 :i* are s blood?ir/y & solit>y t ev5 ! two sexes attack ea* o!r1 is a v s+ul> fact4 ,9 a l(ty valley ( ! ,cordill]a1 ne> ,m5doza1 ,i f\nd ano!r spid] ) a s+ul>ly-=m$ web4 ,/rong l9es radiat$ 9 a v]tical plane f a common c5tre1 :]e ! insect _h its /ation2 b only two ( ! rays 7 connect$ by a symmetrical me%-"w2 s t ! net1 in/ead ( be+1 z is g5]ally ! case1 circul>1 consi/$ ( a w$ge-%ap$ segm5t4 ,all ! webs 7 simil>ly con/ruct$4 #a ,v5da1 ! ,portuguese "n = an inn4 #b ,annales des ,sci5ces ,naturelles = #ahcc4 #c ,i h describ$ & nam$ ^! species 9 ! ,annals ( ,nat4 ,hi/41 vol4 xiv4 p4 #bda4 #d ,i am greatly indebt$ to ,mr4 ,wat]h\se = 8 k9dness 9 nam+ = me ?is & _m o!r insects1 & giv+ me mu* valuable assi/ance4 #e ,kirby's ,entomology1 vol4 ii4 p4 #cag4 #f ,mr4 ,d\bl$ay has lately describ$ 7be=e ! ,entomological ,society1 ,m>* #crd1 #ahde7 a peculi> /ructure 9 ! w+s ( ?is butt]fly1 :i* seems to be ! means ( its mak+ its noise4 ,he says1 ,x is rem>kable = hav+ a sort ( drum at ! base ( ! =e w+s1 betwe5 ! co/al n]vure & ! subco/al4 ,^! two n]vures1 moreov]1 h a peculi> screw-l diaphragm or vessel 9 ! int]ior4 ,i f9d 9 ,langsdorff's travels 79 ! ye>s #ahjc-g1 p4 #gd7 x is said1 t 9 ! isl& ( ,/4 ,ca!r9e's on ! coa/ ( ,brazil1 a butt]fly call$ ,februa ,h(fmanseggi1 makes a noise1 :5 fly+ away1 l a rattle4 #g ,i may m5tion1 z a common in/ance ( "o day's 7,june #bcrd7 collect+1 :5 ,i 0 n att5d+ p>ticul>ly to ! ,coleopt]a1 t ,i caught sixty-eight species ( t ord]4 ,among ^!1 !re 7 only two ( ! ,c>abidae1 f\r ,bra*elytra1 fifte5 ,rhyncophora1 & f\rte5 ( ! ,*rysomelidae4 ,?irty-sev5 species ( ,ara*nidae1 :i* ,i br\ght home1 w be suffici5t to prove t ,i 0 n pay+ ov]mu* att5tion to ! g5]ally fav\r$ ord] ( ,coleopt]a4 #h ,9 a ,,ms4 9 ! ,briti% ,museum by ,mr4 ,abbott1 :o made 8 obs]vations 9 ,georgia2 see ,mr4 ,a4 ,:ite's pap] 9 ! ,annals ( ,nat4 ,hi/41 vol4 vii4 p4 #dgb4 ,lieut4 ,hutton has describ$ a sphex ) simil> habits 9 ,india1 9 ! ,j\rnal ( ! ,asiatic ,society1 vol4 i4 p4 #eee4 #i ,don ,felix ,az>a 7vol4 i4 p4 #age71 m5tion+ a hym5opt]\s insect1 probably ( ! same g5us1 says he saw x dragg+ a dead spid] ?r\gh tall grass1 9 a /raight l9e to its ne/1 :i* 0 "o hundr$ & sixty-?ree paces di/ant4 ,he adds t ! wasp1 9 ord] to f9d ! road1 e n[ & !n made demi-t\rs d'environ trois palmes4 #aj ,az>a's ,voyage1 vol4 i4 p4 #bac ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,maldonado ,monte ,video--,excursion to ,r4 ,polanco--,lazo & ,bolas--,p>tridges--,abs5ce ( ,trees--,de]--,capyb>a1 or ,riv] ,hog--,tucutuco--,molo?rus1 cuckoo-l habits--,tyrant-flycat*]--,mock+-bird--, c>rion ,hawks--,tubes =m$ by ,lightn+--,h\se /ruck4 ,july #e?1 #ahcb--;,9 ! morn+ we got "u way1 & /ood out ( ! spl5did h>b\r ( ,rio de ,janeiro4 ,9 our passage to ! ,plata1 we saw no?+ p>ticul>1 except+ on "o day a great %oal ( porpoises1 _m hundr$s 9 numb]4 ,! :ole sea 0 9 places furr[$ by !m2 & a mo/ extraord9>y spectacle 0 pres5t$1 z hundr$s1 proce$+ toge!r by jumps1 9 :i* _! :ole bodies 7 expos$1 ?us cut ! wat]4 ,:5 ! %ip 0 runn+ n9e knots an h\r1 ^! animals c\ld cross & recross ! b[s ) ! greate/ ( ease1 & !n da% away "r ahead4 ,z soon z we ent]$ ! e/u>y ( ! ,plata1 ! wea!r 0 v unsettl$4 ,"o d>k night we 7 surr\nd$ by num]\s seals & p5gu9s1 :i* made su* /range noises1 t ! (fic] on wat* report$ he c\ld he> ! cattle bell[+ on %ore4 ,on a second night we witness$ a spl5did sc5e ( natural fireworks2 ! ma/-head & y>d-arm-ends %one ) ,/4 ,elmo's light2 & ! =m ( ! vane c\ld almo/ be trac$1 z if x _h be5 rubb$ ) phosphorus4 ,! sea 0 s highly lum9\s1 t ! tracks ( ! p5gu9s 7 m>k$ by a fi]y wake1 & ! d>kness ( ! sky 0 mom5t>ily illum9at$ by ! mo/ vivid lightn+4 ,:5 )9 ! m\? ( ! riv]1 ,i 0 int]e/$ by obs]v+ h[ sl[ly ! wat]s ( ! sea & riv] mix$4 ,! latt]1 muddy & discol\r$1 f its less specific gravity1 float$ on ! surface ( ! salt wat]4 ,?is 0 curi\sly exhibit$ 9 ! wake ( ! vessel1 :]e a l9e ( blue wat] 0 se5 m+l+ 9 little eddies1 ) ! adjo9+ fluid4 ,july #bf?4--,we an*or$ at ,monte ,video4 ,! ,beagle 0 employ$ 9 survey+ ! extreme s\!rn & ea/]n coa/s ( ,am]ica1 s\? ( ! ,plata1 dur+ ! two succe$+ ye>s4 ,to prev5t useless repetitions1 ,i w extract ^? p>ts ( my j\rnal :i* ref] to ! same di/ricts )\t always att5d+ to ! ord] 9 :i* we visit$ !m4 ,,maldonado is situat$ on ! nor!rn bank ( ! ,plata1 & n v f> f ! m\? ( ! e/u>y4 ,x is a mo/ quiet1 =lorn1 little t[n2 built1 z is univ]sally ! case 9 ^! c\ntries1 ) ! /reets runn+ at "r angles to ea* o!r1 & hav+ 9 ! middle a l>ge plaza or squ>e1 :i*1 f its size1 r5d]s ! scant9ess ( ! population m evid5t4 ,x possesses sc>cely any trade2 ! exports be+ conf9$ to a few hides & liv+ cattle4 ,! inhabitants are *iefly l&[n]s1 toge!r ) a few %opkeep]s & ! necess>y tradesm51 su* z blacksmi?s & c>p5t]s1 :o d ne>ly all ! bus9ess = a circuit ( fifty miles r\nd4 ,! t[n is sep>at$ f ! riv] by a b& ( s&-hillocks1 ab\t a mile broad3 x is surr\nd$1 on all o!r sides1 by an op5 slightly-undulat+ c\ntry1 cov]$ by "o uni=m lay] ( f9e gre5 turf1 on :i* c\ntless h]ds ( cattle1 %eep1 & horses graze4 ,!re is v little l& cultivat$ ev5 close to ! t[n4 ,a few h$ges1 made ( cacti & agave1 m>k out :]e "s :eat or ,indian corn has be5 plant$4 ,! features ( ! c\ntry are v simil> along ! :ole nor!rn bank ( ! ,plata4 ,! only diff]5ce is1 t "h ! granitic hills are a little bold]4 ,! sc5]y is v un9t]e/+2 !re is sc>cely a h\se1 an enclos$ piece ( gr\nd1 or ev5 a tree1 to give x an air ( *e]fulness ,yet1 aft] be+ imprison$ = "s "t 9 a %ip1 !re is a *>m 9 ! unconf9$ feel+ ( walk+ ov] b\ndless pla9s ( turf4 ,moreov]1 if y\r view is limit$ to a small space1 _m objects possess beauty4 ,"s ( ! small] birds are brilliantly col\r$2 & ! bright gre5 sw>d1 br[s$ %ort by ! cattle1 is ornam5t$ by dw>f fl[]s1 among :i* a plant1 look+ l ! daisy1 claim$ ! place ( an old fri5d4 ,:at w\ld a flori/ say to :ole tracts1 s ?ickly cov]$ by ! ,v]b5a mel9dres1 z1 ev5 at a di/ance1 to appe> ( ! mo/ gaudy sc>let8 ,i /ay$ t5 weeks at ,maldonado1 9 :i* "t a ne>ly p]fect collection ( ! animals1 birds1 & reptiles1 0 procur$4 ,be=e mak+ any obs]vations respect+ !m1 ,i w give an acc\nt ( a little excursion ,i made z f> z ! riv] ,polanco1 :i* is ab\t sev5ty miles di/ant1 9 a nor!rly direction4 ,i may m5tion1 z a pro( h[ *eap ev]y?+ is 9 ?is c\ntry1 t ,i paid only two doll>s a day1 or eight %ill+s1 = two m51 toge!r ) a troop ( ab\t a doz5 rid+-horses4 ,my companions 7 well arm$ ) pi/ols & sabres2 a precaution :i* ,i ?\ght r unnecess>y b ! fir/ piece ( news we he>d 01 t1 ! day be=e1 a travell] f ,monte ,video _h be5 f\nd dead on ! road1 ) 8 ?roat cut4 ,?is happ5$ close to a cross1 ! record ( a =m] murd]4 ,on ! fir/ night we slept at a retir$ little c\ntry-h\se2 & !re ,i soon f\nd out t ,i possess$ two or ?ree articles1 especially a pocket compass1 :i* creat$ unb\nd$ a/oni%m5t4 ,9 e h\se ,i 0 ask$ to %[ ! compass1 & by its aid1 toge!r ) a map1 to po9t out ! direction ( v>i\s places4 ,x excit$ ! livelie/ admiration t ,i1 a p]fect /rang]1 %\ld "k ! road 7= direction & road are synonym\s 9 ?is op5 c\ntry7 to places :]e ,i _h nev] be54 ,at "o h\se a "y woman1 :o 0 ill 9 b$1 s5t to entreat me to come & %[ h] ! compass4 ,if _! surprise 0 great1 m9e 0 great]1 to f9d su* ignorance among p :o possess$ _! ?\s&s ( cattle1 & e/ancias ( great ext5t4 ,x c only be acc\nt$ = by ! circum/ance t ?is retir$ "p ( ! c\ntry is seldom visit$ by =eign]s4 ,i 0 ask$ :e!r ! e>? or sun mov$2 :e!r x 0 hott] or cold] to ! nor?2 :]e ,spa9 01 & _m o!r su* que/ions4 ,! great] numb] ( ! inhabitants _h an indi/9ct idea t ,engl&1 ,london1 & ,nor? ,am]ica1 7 diff]5t names = ! same place2 b ! bett] in=m$ well knew t ,london & ,nor? ,am]ica 7 sep>ate c\ntries close toge!r1 & t ,engl& 0 a l>ge t[n 9 ,london6 ,i c>ri$ ) me "s prome!an mat*es1 :i* ,i ignit$ by bit+2 x 0 ?\ght s wond]ful t a man %\ld /rike fire ) 8 tee?1 t x 0 usual to collect ! :ole family to see x3 ,i 0 once (f]$ a doll> = a s+le "o4 ,wa%+ my face 9 ! morn+ caus$ mu* speculation at ! village ( ,las ,m9as2 a sup]ior tradesman closely cross-que/ion$ me ab\t s s+ul> a practice2 & likewise :y on bo>d we wore our be>ds2 = he _h he>d f my guide t we did s4 ,he ey$ me ) mu* suspicion2 p]haps he _h he>d ( ablutions 9 ! ,mahom$an religion1 & kn[+ me to be a h]etick1 probably he came to ! conclusion t all h]eticks 7 ,turks4 ,x is ! g5]al cu/om 9 ?is c\ntry to ask = a night's lodg+ at ! fir/ conv5i5t h\se4 ,! a/oni%m5t at ! compass1 & my o!r feats ( juggl]y1 0 to a c]ta9 degree advantage\s1 z ) t1 & ! long /ories my guides told ( my break+ /ones1 kn[+ v5om\s f h>mless snakes1 collect+ insects1 etc41 ,i repaid !m = _! hospitality4 ,i am writ+ z if ,i _h be5 among ! inhabitants ( c5tral ,africa3 ,b&a ,ori5tal w\ld n be flatt]$ by ! comp>ison2 b su* 7 my feel+s at ! "t4 ,! next day we rode to ! village ( ,las ,m9as4 ,! c\ntry 0 r m hilly1 b o!rwise cont9u$ ! same2 an inhabitant ( ! ,pampas no d\bt w\ld h consid]$ x z truly ,alp9e4 ,! c\ntry is s ?9ly inhabit$1 t dur+ ! :ole day we sc>cely met a s+le p]son4 ,las ,m9as is mu* small] ev5 ?an ,maldonado4 ,x is seat$ on a little pla91 & is surr\nd$ by l[ rocky m\nta9s4 ,x is ( ! usual symmetrical =m1 & ) its :itewa%$ *ur* /&+ 9 ! c5tre1 _h r a pretty appe>ance4 ,! outskirt+ h\ses rose out ( ! pla9 l isolat$ be+s1 )\t ! accompanim5t ( g>d5s or c\rty>ds4 ,?is is g5]ally ! case 9 ! c\ntry1 & all ! h\ses h1 9 consequ5ce an uncom=table aspect4 ,at night we /opp$ at a pulp]ia1 or dr9k+-%op4 ,dur+ ! ev5+ a great numb] ( ,gau*os came 9 to dr9k spirits & smoke cig>s3 _! appe>ance is v /rik+2 !y are g5]ally tall & h&some1 b ) a pr\d & dissolute expression ( c\nt5ance4 ,!y frequ5tly we> _! m\/a*es & long black hair curl+ d[n _! backs4 ,) _! brightly col\r$ g>m5ts1 great spurs clank+ ab\t _! heels1 & knives /uck z dagg]s 7& (t5 s us$7 at _! wai/s1 !y look a v diff]5t race ( m5 f :at might be expect$ f _! "n ( ,gau*os1 or simple c\ntrym54 ,_! polit5ess is excessive2 !y nev] dr9k _! spirits )\t expect+ y to ta/e x2 b :il/ mak+ _! exce$+ly graceful b[1 !y seem q z ready1 if occasion (f]$1 to cut y\r ?roat4 ,on ! ?ird day we pursu$ r an irregul> c\rse1 z ,i 0 employ$ 9 exam9+ "s b$s ( m>ble4 ,on ! f9e pla9s ( turf we saw _m o/ri*es 7,/ru?io rhea74 ,"s ( ! flocks conta9$ z _m z tw5ty or ?irty birds4 ,^!1 :5 /&+ on any little em95ce1 & se5 aga9/ ! cle> sky1 pres5t$ a v noble appe>ance4 ,i nev] met ) su* tame o/ri*es 9 any o!r "p ( ! c\ntry3 x 0 easy to gallop up )9 a %ort di/ance ( !m2 b !n1 exp&+ _! w+s1 !y made all sail "r be=e ! w9d1 & soon left ! horse a/]n4 ,at night we came to ! h\se ( ,don ,juan ,fu5tes1 a ri* l&$ proprietor1 b n p]sonally kn[n to ei!r ( my companions4 ,on approa*+ ! h\se ( a /rang]1 x is usual to foll[ sev]al little po9ts ( etiquette3 rid+ up sl[ly to ! door1 ! salutation ( ,ave ,m>ia is giv51 & until somebody comes out & asks y to alight1 x is n cu/om>y ev5 to get (f y\r horse3 ! =mal answ] ( ! own] is1 s9 pecado concebida--t is1 conceiv$ )\t s94 ,hav+ ent]$ ! h\se1 "s g5]al conv]sation is kept up = a few m9utes1 till p]mission is ask$ to pass ! night !re4 ,?is is grant$ z a matt] ( c\rse4 ,! /rang] !n takes 8 meals ) ! family1 & a room is assign$ him1 :]e ) ! horseclo?s belong+ to 8 recado 7or saddle ( ! ,pampas7 he makes 8 b$4 ,x is curi\s h[ simil> circum/ances produce su* simil> results 9 mann]s4 ,at ! ,cape ( ,good ,hope ! same hospitality1 & v ne>ly ! same po9ts ( etiquette1 are univ]sally obs]v$4 ,! diff]5ce1 h[ev]1 betwe5 ! "* ( ! ,spani>d & t ( ! ,dut* bo] is %[n1 by ! =m] nev] ask+ 8 gue/ a s+le "q beyond ! /ricte/ rule ( polit5ess1 :il/ ! hone/ ,dut*man dem&s :]e he has be51 :]e he is go+1 :at is 8 bus9ess1 & ev5 h[ _m bro!rs si/]s1 or *ildr5 he may happ5 to h4 ,%ortly aft] our arrival at ,don ,juan's1 "o ( ! l>ge/ h]ds ( cattle 0 driv5 9 t[>ds ! h\se1 & ?ree bea/s 7 pick$ out to be slaught]$ = ! supply ( ! e/abli%m5t4 ,^! half-wild cattle are v active2 & kn[+ full well ! fatal lazo1 !y l$ ! horses a long & labori\s *ase4 ,aft] witness+ ! rude weal? display$ 9 ! numb] ( cattle1 m51 & horses1 ,don ,juan's mis]able h\se 0 q curi\s4 ,! floor consi/$ ( h>d5$ mud1 & ! w9d[s 7 )\t glass2 ! sitt+-room boa/$ only ( a few ( ! r\ghe/ *airs & /ools1 ) a c\ple ( tables4 ,! supp]1 al?\gh sev]al /rang]s 7 pres5t1 consi/$ ( two huge piles1 "o ( roa/ beef1 ! o!r ( boil$1 ) "s pieces ( pumpk93 besides ?is latt] !re 0 no o!r vegetable1 & n ev5 a morsel ( bread4 ,= dr9k+1 a l>ge e>!nw>e jug ( wat] s]v$ ! :ole p>ty4 ,yet ?is man 0 ! own] ( sev]al squ>e miles ( l&1 ( :i* ne>ly e acre w\ld produce corn1 &1 ) a little tr\ble1 all ! common vegetables4 ,! ev5+ 0 sp5t 9 smok+1 ) a little impromptu s++1 accompani$ by ! guit>4 ,! signoritas all sat toge!r 9 "o corn] ( ! room1 & did n sup ) ! m54 ,s _m works h be5 writt5 ab\t ^! c\ntries1 t x is almo/ sup]flu\s to describe ei!r ! lazo or ! bolas4 ,! lazo consi/s ( a v /rong1 b ?91 well-plait$ rope1 made ( raw hide4 ,"o end is atta*$ to ! broad surc+le1 :i* fa/5s toge!r ! complicat$ ge> ( ! recado1 or saddle us$ 9 ! ,pampas2 ! o!r is t]m9at$ by a small r+ ( iron or brass1 by :i* a noose c be =m$4 ,! ,gau*o1 :5 he is go+ to use ! lazo1 keeps a small coil 9 8 bridle-h&1 & 9 ! o!r holds ! runn+ noose :i* is made v l>ge1 g5]ally hav+ a diamet] ( ab\t eight feet4 ,?is he :irls r\nd 8 head1 & by ! dext]\s movem5t ( 8 wri/ keeps ! noose op52 !n1 ?r[+ x1 he causes x to fall on any p>ticul> spot he *ooses4 ,! lazo1 :5 n us$1 is ti$ up 9 a small coil to ! aft] "p ( ! recado4 ,! bolas1 or balls1 are ( two k9ds3 ! simple/1 :i* is *iefly us$ = cat*+ o/ri*es1 consi/s ( two r\nd /ones1 cov]$ ) lea!r1 & unit$ by a ?9 plait$ ?ong1 ab\t eight feet long4 ,! o!r k9d diff]s only 9 hav+ ?ree balls unit$ by ! ?ongs to a common c5tre4 ,! ,gau*o holds ! smalle/ ( ! ?ree 9 8 h&1 & :irls ! o!r two r\nd & r\nd 8 head2 !n1 tak+ aim1 s5ds !m l *a9 %ot revolv+ ?r\gh ! air4 ,! balls no soon] /rike any object1 ?an1 w9d+ r\nd x1 !y cross ea* o!r1 & become firmly hit*$4 ,! size & weight ( ! balls v>y1 accord+ to ! purpose = :i* !y are made3 :5 ( /one1 al?\gh n l>g] ?an an apple1 !y are s5t ) su* =ce z sometimes to break ! leg ev5 ( a horse4 ,i h se5 ! balls made ( wood1 & z l>ge z a turnip1 = ! sake ( cat*+ ^! animals )\t injur+ !m4 ,! balls are sometimes made ( iron1 & ^! c be hurl$ to ! greate/ di/ance4 ,! ma9 difficulty 9 us+ ei!r lazo or bolas is to ride s well z to be able at full spe$1 & :ile sudd5ly turn+ ab\t1 to :irl !m s /eadily r\nd ! head1 z to take aim3 on foot any p]son w\ld soon le>n ! art4 ,"o day1 z ,i 0 amus+ myself by gallop+ & :irl+ ! balls r\nd my head1 by accid5t ! free "o /ruck a bu%1 & its revolv+ motion be+ ?us de/roy$1 x imm$iately fell to ! gr\nd1 &1 l magic1 caught "o h9d leg ( my horse2 ! o!r ball 0 !n j]k$ out ( my h&1 & ! horse fairly secur$4 ,luckily he 0 an old practis$ animal1 & knew :at x meant2 o!rwise he w\ld probably h kick$ till he _h ?r[n himself d[n4 ,! ,gau*os ro>$ ) laught]2 !y cri$ out t !y _h se5 e sort ( animal caught1 b _h nev] be=e se5 a man caught by himself4 ,dur+ ! two succe$+ days1 ,i rea*$ ! fur!/ po9t :i* ,i 0 anxi\s to exam9e4 ,! c\ntry wore ! same aspect1 till at la/ ! f9e gre5 turf became m we>isome ?an a du/y turnpike road4 ,we ev]y:]e saw great numb]s ( p>tridges 7,no?ura major74 ,^! birds d n g 9 coveys1 nor d !y conceal !mselves l ! ,engli% k9d4 ,x appe>s a v silly bird4 ,a man on horseback by rid+ r\nd & r\nd 9 a circle1 or r 9 a spire1 s z to approa* clos] ea* "t1 may knock on ! head z _m z he pleases4 ,! m common me?od is to cat* !m ) a runn+ noose1 or little lazo1 made ( ! /em ( an o/ri*'s fea!r1 fa/5$ to ! end ( a long /ick4 ,a boy on a quiet old horse w frequ5tly ?us cat* ?irty or =ty 9 a day4 ,9 ,arctic ,nor? ,am]ica #a ! ,indians cat* ! ,v>y+ ,h>e by walk+ spirally r\nd & r\nd x1 :5 on its =m3 ! middle ( ! day is reckon$ ! be/ "t1 :5 ! sun is high1 & ! %ad[ ( ! hunt] n v long4 ,on our return to ,maldonado1 we foll[$ r a diff]5t l9e ( road4 ,ne> ,pan de ,azuc>1 a l&m>k well kn[n to all ^? :o h sail$ up ! ,plata1 ,i /ay$ a day at ! h\se ( a mo/ hospitable old ,spani>d4 ,e>ly 9 ! morn+ we asc5d$ ! ,si]ra de las ,animas4 ,by ! aid ( ! ris+ sun ! sc5]y 0 almo/ picturesque4 ,to ! we/w>d ! view ext5d$ ov] an imm5se level pla9 z f> z ! ,m\nt1 at ,monte ,video1 & to ! ea/w>d1 ov] ! mammillat$ c\ntry ( ,maldonado4 ,on ! summit ( ! m\nta9 !re 7 sev]al small heaps ( /ones1 :i* evid5tly _h la9 !re = _m ye>s4 ,my companion assur$ me t !y 7 ! "w ( ! ,indians 9 ! old "t4 ,! heaps 7 simil>1 b on a mu* small] scale1 to ^? s commonly f\nd on ! m\nta9s ( ,wales4 ,! desire to signalize any ev5t1 on ! highe/ po9t ( ! neighb\r+ l&1 seems an univ]sal passion ) mank9d4 ,at ! pres5t day1 n a s+le ,indian1 ei!r civiliz$ or wild1 exi/s 9 ?is "p ( ! prov9ce2 nor am ,i aw>e t ! =m] inhabitants h left beh9d !m any m p]man5t records ?an ^! insignificant piles on ! summit ( ! ,si]ra de las ,animas4 ,! g5]al1 & almo/ entire abs5ce ( trees 9 ,b&a ,ori5tal is rem>kable4 ,"s ( ! rocky hills are p>tly cov]$ by ?ickets1 & on ! banks ( ! l>g] /reams1 especially to ! nor? ( ,las ,m9as1 will[-trees are n uncommon4 ,ne> ! ,arroyo ,tapes ,i he>d ( a wood ( palms2 & "o ( ^! trees1 ( consid]able size1 ,i saw ne> ! ,pan de ,azuc>1 9 lat4 #ce degs4 ,^!1 & ! trees plant$ by ! ,spani>ds1 (f] ! only exceptions to ! g5]al sc>city ( wood4 ,among ! introduc$ k9ds may be enum]at$ popl>s1 olives1 pea*1 & o!r fruit trees3 ! pea*es succe$ s well1 t !y af=d ! ma9 supply ( firewood to ! city ( ,bu5os ,ayres4 ,extremely level c\ntries1 su* z ! ,pampas1 seldom appe> fav\rable to ! gr[? ( trees4 ,?is may possibly be attribut$ ei!r to ! =ce ( ! w9ds1 or ! k9d ( dra9age4 ,9 ! nature ( ! l&1 h[ev]1 ar\nd ,maldonado1 no su* reason is app>5t2 ! rocky m\nta9s af=d protect$ situations2 enjoy+ v>i\s k9ds ( soil2 /reamlets ( wat] are common at ! bottoms ( ne>ly e valley2 & ! clayey nature ( ! e>? seems adapt$ to reta9 moi/ure4 ,x has be5 inf]r$ ) mu* probability1 t ! pres5ce ( woodl& is g5]ally det]m9$ #b by ! annual am\nt ( moi/ure2 yet 9 ?is prov9ce abundant & heavy ra9 falls dur+ ! w9t]2 & ! summ]1 ?\gh dry1 is n s 9 any excessive degree4 #c ,we see ne>ly ! :ole ( ,au/ralia cov]$ by l(ty trees1 yet t c\ntry possesses a f> m arid climate4 ,h5ce we mu/ look to "s o!r & unkn[n cause4 ,conf9+ our view to ,s\? ,am]ica1 we %\ld c]ta9ly be tempt$ to believe t trees fl\ri%$ only "u a v humid climate2 = ! limit ( ! =e/-l& foll[s1 9 a mo/ rem>kable mann]1 t ( ! damp w9ds4 ,9 ! s\!rn "p ( ! cont95t1 :]e ! we/]n gales1 *>g$ ) moi/ure f ! ,pacific1 prevail1 e isl& on ! brok5 we/ coa/1 f lat4 #ch degs4 to ! extreme po9t ( ,ti]ra del ,fuego1 is d5sely cov]$ by imp5etrable =e/s4 ,on ! ea/]n side ( ! ,cordill]a1 ov] ! same ext5t ( latitude1 :]e a blue sky & a f9e climate prove t ! atmosph]e has be5 depriv$ ( its moi/ure by pass+ ov] ! m\nta9s1 ! arid pla9s ( ,patagonia support a mo/ scanty vegetation4 ,9 ! m nor!rn p>ts ( ! cont95t1 )9 ! limits ( ! con/ant s\?-ea/]n trade-w9d1 ! ea/]n side is ornam5t$ by magnific5t =e/s2 :il/ ! we/]n coa/1 f lat4 #d degs4 ,s4 to lat4 #cb degs4 ,s41 may be describ$ z a des]t2 on ?is we/]n coa/1 nor?w>d ( lat4 #d degs4 ,s41 :]e ! trade-w9d loses its regul>ity1 & heavy torr5ts ( ra9 fall p]iodically1 ! %ores ( ! ,pacific1 s utt]ly des]t 9 ,p]u1 assume ne> ,cape ,blanco ! "* ( luxuriance s celebrat$ at ,guyaquil & ,panama4 ,h5ce 9 ! s\!rn & nor!rn p>ts ( ! cont95t1 ! =e/ & des]t l&s occupy rev]s$ positions ) respect to ! ,cordill]a1 & ^! positions are app>5tly det]m9$ by ! direction ( ! preval5t w9ds4 ,9 ! middle ( ! cont95t !re is a broad int]m$iate b&1 includ+ c5tral ,*ile & ! prov9ces ( ,la ,plata1 :]e ! ra9-br++ w9ds h n to pass ov] l(ty m\nta9s1 & :]e ! l& is nei!r a des]t nor cov]$ by =e/s4 ,b ev5 ! rule1 if conf9$ to ,s\? ,am]ica1 ( trees fl\ri%+ only 9 a climate r5d]$ humid by ra9-be>+ w9ds1 has a /rongly m>k$ exception 9 ! case ( ! ,falkl& ,isl&s4 ,^! isl&s1 situat$ 9 ! same latitude ) ,ti]ra del ,fuego & only betwe5 two & ?ree hundr$ miles di/ant f x1 hav+ a ne>ly simil> climate1 ) a geological =mation almo/ id5tical1 ) fav\rable situations & ! same k9d ( peaty soil1 yet c boa/ ( few plants des]v+ ev5 ! title ( bu%es2 :il/ 9 ,ti]ra del ,fuego x is impossible to f9d an acre ( l& n cov]$ by ! d5se/ =e/4 ,9 ?is case1 bo? ! direction ( ! heavy gales ( w9d & ( ! curr5ts ( ! sea are fav\rable to ! transport ( se$s f ,ti]ra del ,fuego1 z is %[n by ! canoes & trunks ( trees drift$ f t c\ntry1 & frequ5tly ?r[n on ! %ores ( ! ,we/]n ,falkl&4 ,h5ce p]haps x is1 t !re are _m plants 9 common to ! two c\ntries b ) respect to ! trees ( ,ti]ra del ,fuego1 ev5 attempts made to transplant !m h fail$4 ,dur+ our /ay at ,maldonado ,i collect$ sev]al quadrup$s1 eighty k9ds ( birds1 & _m reptiles1 includ+ n9e species ( snakes4 ,( ! indig5\s mammalia1 ! only "o n[ left ( any size1 :i* is common1 is ! ,c]vus campe/ris4 ,?is de] is exce$+ly abundant1 (t5 9 small h]ds1 ?r\gh\t ! c\ntries bord]+ ! ,plata & 9 ,nor!rn ,patagonia4 ,if a p]son crawl+ close along ! gr\nd1 sl[ly advances t[>ds a h]d1 ! de] frequ5tly1 out ( curiosity1 approa* to reconnoitre him4 ,i h by ?is means1 kill$ f "o spot1 ?ree out ( ! same h]d4 ,al?\gh s tame & inquisitive1 yet :5 approa*$ on horseback1 !y are exce$+ly w>y4 ,9 ?is c\ntry nobody goes on foot1 & ! de] kn[s man z its enemy only :5 he is m\nt$ & arm$ ) ! bolas4 ,at ,bahia ,blanca1 a rec5t e/abli%m5t 9 ,nor!rn ,patagonia1 ,i 0 surpris$ to f9d h[ little ! de] c>$ = ! noise ( a gun3 "o day ,i fir$ t5 times f )9 eighty y>ds at "o animal2 & x 0 mu* m />tl$ at ! ball cutt+ up ! gr\nd ?an at ! report ( ! rifle4 ,my p[d] be+ exhau/$1 ,i 0 oblig$ to get up 7to my %ame z a sportsman be x spok51 ?\gh well able to kill birds on ! w+7 & halloo till ! de] ran away4 ,! mo/ curi\s fact ) respect to ?is animal1 is ! ov]p[]+ly /rong & (f5sive od\r :i* proce$s f ! buck4 ,x is q indescribable3 sev]al times :il/ sk9n+ ! specim5 :i* is n[ m\nt$ at ! ,zoological ,museum1 ,i 0 almo/ ov]come by nausea4 ,i ti$ up ! sk9 9 a silk pocket-h&k]*ief1 & s c>ri$ x home3 ?is h&k]*ief1 aft] be+ well wa%$1 ,i cont9ually us$1 & x 0 ( c\rse z repeat$ly wa%$2 yet e "t1 = a space ( "o ye> & sev5 mon?s1 :5 fir/ unfold$1 ,i di/9ctly p]ceiv$ ! od\r4 ,?is appe>s an a/oni%+ in/ance ( ! p]man5ce ( "s matt]1 :i* nev]!less 9 its nature mu/ be mo/ subtile & volatile4 ,frequ5tly1 :5 pass+ at ! di/ance ( half a mile to leew>d ( a h]d1 ,i h p]ceiv$ ! :ole air ta9t$ ) ! effluvium4 ,i believe ! smell f ! buck is mo/ p[]ful at ! p]iod :5 its horns are p]fect1 or free f ! hairy sk94 ,:5 9 ?is /ate ! meat is1 ( c\rse1 q uneatable2 b ! ,gau*os ass]t1 t if buri$ = "s "t 9 fre% e>?1 ! ta9t is remov$4 ,i h some:]e read t ! isl&]s 9 ! nor? ( ,scotl& treat ! rank c>casses ( ! fi%-eat+ birds 9 ! same mann]4 ,! ord] ,rod5tia is "h v num]\s 9 species3 ( mice alone ,i obta9$ no less ?an eight k9ds4 #d ,! l>ge/ gnaw+ animal 9 ! _w1 ! ,hydro*a]us capyb>a 7! wat]-hog71 is "h also common4 ,"o :i* ,i %ot at ,monte ,video weigh$ n9ety-eight p\nds3 its l5g? f ! end ( ! sn\t to ! /ump-l tail1 0 ?ree feet two in*es2 & its gir? ?ree feet eight4 ,^! great ,rod5ts occasionally frequ5t ! isl&s 9 ! m\? ( ! ,plata1 :]e ! wat] is q salt1 b are f> m abundant on ! bord]s ( fre%-wat] lakes & riv]s4 ,ne> ,maldonado ?ree or f\r g5]ally live toge!r4 ,9 ! daytime !y ei!r lie among ! aquatic plants1 or op5ly fe$ on ! turf pla94 #e ,:5 view$ at a di/ance1 f _! mann] ( walk+ & col\r !y resemble pigs3 b :5 seat$ on _! haun*es1 & att5tively wat*+ any object ) "o eye1 !y reassume ! appe>ance ( _! cong5]s1 cavies & rabbits4 ,bo? ! front & side view ( _! head has q a ludicr\s aspect1 f ! great dep? ( _! jaw4 ,^! animals1 at ,maldonado1 7 v tame2 by cauti\sly walk+1 ,i approa*$ )9 ?ree y>ds ( f\r old ones4 ,?is tam5ess may probably be acc\nt$ =1 by ! ,jagu> hav+ be5 bani%$ = "s ye>s1 & by ! ,gau*o n ?9k+ x wor? 8 :ile to hunt !m4 ,z ,i approa*$ ne>] & ne>] !y frequ5tly made _! peculi> noise1 :i* is a l[ abrupt grunt1 n hav+ mu* actual s\nd1 b r aris+ f ! sudd5 expulsion ( air3 ! only noise ,i "k at all l x1 is ! fir/ ho>se b>k ( a l>ge dog4 ,hav+ wat*$ ! f\r f almo/ )9 arm's l5g? 7& !y me7 = sev]al m9utes1 !y ru%$ into ! wat] at full gallop ) ! greate/ impetuosity1 & emitt$ at ! same "t _! b>k4 ,aft] div+ a %ort di/ance !y came aga9 to ! surface1 b only j %[$ ! upp] "p ( _! heads4 ,:5 ! female is swimm+ 9 ! wat]1 & has "y ones1 !y are said to sit on h] back4 ,^! animals are easily kill$ 9 numb]s2 b _! sk9s are ( trifl+ value1 & ! meat is v indiff]5t4 ,on ! isl&s 9 ! ,rio ,p>ana !y are exce$+ly abundant1 & af=d ! ord9>y prey to ! ,jagu>4 ,! ,tucutuco 7,ct5omys ,brasili5sis7 is a curi\s small animal1 :i* may be briefly describ$ z a ,gnaw]1 ) ! habits ( a mole4 ,x is extremely num]\s 9 "s p>ts ( ! c\ntry1 b x is difficult to be procur$1 & nev]1 ,i believe1 comes out ( ! gr\nd4 ,x ?r[s up at ! m\? ( its burr[s hillocks ( e>? l ^? ( ! mole1 b small]4 ,consid]able tracts ( c\ntry are s completely und]m9$ by ^! animals1 t horses 9 pass+ ov]1 s9k above _! fetlocks4 ,! tucutucos appe>1 to a c]ta9 degree1 to be greg>i\s3 ! man :o procur$ ! specim5s = me _h caught six toge!r1 & he said ?is 0 a common occurr5ce4 ,!y are nocturnal 9 _! habits2 & _! pr9cipal food is ! roots ( plants1 :i* are ! object ( _! ext5sive & sup]ficial burr[s4 ,?is animal is univ]sally kn[n by a v peculi> noise :i* x makes :5 b5ea? ! gr\nd4 ,a p]son1 ! fir/ "t he he>s x1 is mu* surpris$2 = x is n easy to tell :5ce x comes1 nor is x possible to guess :at k9d ( creature utt]s x4 ,! noise consi/s 9 a %ort1 b n r\gh1 nasal grunt1 :i* is monoton\sly repeat$ ab\t f\r times 9 quick succession3 #f ! "n ,tucutuco is giv5 9 imitation ( ! s\nd4 ,:]e ?is animal is abundant1 x may be he>d at all times ( ! day1 & sometimes directly b5ea? "o's feet4 ,:5 kept 9 a room1 ! tucutucos move bo? sl[ly & clumsily1 :i* appe>s ow+ to ! outw>d action ( _! h9d legs2 & !y are q incapable1 f ! socket ( ! ?igh-bone n hav+ a c]ta9 ligam5t1 ( jump+ ev5 ! smalle/ v]tical height4 ,!y are v /upid 9 mak+ any attempt to escape2 :5 angry or fright5$ !y utt] ! tucutuco4 ,( ^? ,i kept alive sev]al1 ev5 ! fir/ day1 became q tame1 n attempt+ to bite or to run away2 o!rs 7 a little wild]4 ,! man :o caught !m ass]t$ t v _m are inv>iably f\nd bl9d4 ,a specim5 :i* ,i pres]v$ 9 spirits 0 9 ?is /ate2 ,mr4 ,reid consid]s x to be ! effect ( inflammation 9 ! nictitat+ membrane4 ,:5 ! animal 0 alive ,i plac$ my f+] )9 half an in* ( its head1 & n ! slighte/ notice 0 tak53 x made its way1 h[ev]1 ab\t ! room ne>ly z well z ! o!rs4 ,consid]+ ! /rictly subt]ranean habits ( ! tucutuco1 ! bl9dness1 ?\gh s common1 _c be a v s]i\s evil2 yet x appe>s /range t any animal %\ld possess an organ frequ5tly subject to be injur$4 ,lam>ck w\ld h be5 delight$ ) ?is fact1 _h he kn[n x1 :5 speculat+ #g 7probably ) m tru? ?an usual ) him7 on ! gradually acquir$ bl9dness ( ! ,asphalax1 a ,gnaw] liv+ "u gr\nd1 & ( ! ,proteus1 a reptile liv+ 9 d>k cav]ns fill$ ) wat]2 9 bo? ( :i* animals ! eye is 9 an almo/ rudim5t>y /ate1 & is cov]$ by a t5d9\s membrane & sk94 ,9 ! common mole ! eye is extraord9>ily small b p]fect1 ?\gh _m anatomi/s d\bt :e!r x is connect$ ) ! true optic n]ve2 its vision mu/ c]ta9ly be imp]fect1 ?\gh probably useful to ! animal :5 x leaves its burr[4 ,9 ! tucutuco1 :i* ,i believe nev] comes to ! surface ( ! gr\nd1 ! eye is r l>g]1 b (t5 r5d]$ bl9d & useless1 ?\gh )\t app>5tly caus+ any inconv5i5ce to ! animal2 no d\bt ,lam>ck w\ld h said t ! tucutuco is n[ pass+ into ! /ate ( ! ,asphalax & ,proteus4 ,birds ( _m k9ds are extremely abundant on ! undulat+1 grassy pla9s ar\nd ,maldonado4 ,!re are sev]al species ( a family alli$ 9 /ructure & mann]s to our ,/>l+3 "o ( ^! 7,molo?rus nig]7 is rem>kable f its habits4 ,sev]al may (t5 be se5 /&+ toge!r on ! back ( a c[ or horse2 & :ile p]*$ on a h$ge1 plum+ !mselves 9 ! sun1 !y sometimes attempt to s+1 or r to hiss2 ! noise be+ v peculi>1 resembl+ t ( bubbles ( air pass+ rapidly f a small orifice "u wat]1 s z to produce an acute s\nd4 ,accord+ to ,az>a1 ?is bird1 l ! cuckoo1 deposits its eggs 9 o!r birds' ne/s4 ,i 0 sev]al times told by ! c\ntry p t !re c]ta9ly is "s bird hav+ ?is habit2 & my assi/ant 9 collect+1 :o is a v accurate p]son1 f\nd a ne/ ( ! sp>r[ ( ?is c\ntry 7,zonotri*ia matut9a71 ) "o egg 9 x l>g] ?an ! o!rs1 & ( a diff]5t col\r & %ape4 ,9 ,nor? ,am]ica !re is ano!r species ( ,molo?rus 7,m4 pecoris71 :i* has a simil> cuckoo-l habit1 & :i* is mo/ closely alli$ 9 e respect to ! species f ! ,plata1 ev5 9 su* trifl+ peculi>ities z /&+ on ! backs ( cattle2 x diff]s only 9 be+ a little small]1 & 9 its plumage & eggs be+ ( a slightly diff]5t %ade ( col\r4 ,?is close agreem5t 9 /ructure & habits1 9 repres5tative species com+ f opposite qu>t]s ( a great cont95t1 always /rikes "o z int]e/+1 ?\gh ( common occurr5ce4 ,mr4 ,swa9son has well rem>k$1 #h t ) ! exception ( ! ,molo?rus pecoris1 to :i* mu/ be add$ ! ,m4 nig]1 ! cuckoos are ! only birds :i* c be call$ truly p>asitical2 namely1 su* z fa/5 !mselves1 z x 71 on ano!r liv+ animal1 ^: animal heat br+s _! "y into life1 ^: food !y live ^u1 & ^: dea? w\ld cause !irs dur+ ! p]iod ( infancy4 ,x is rem>kable t "s ( ! species1 b n all1 bo? ( ! ,cuckoo & ,molo?rus1 %\ld agree 9 ?is "o /range habit ( _! p>asitical propagation1 :il/ oppos$ to ea* o!r 9 almo/ e o!r habit3 ! molo?rus1 l our />l+1 is em95tly sociable1 & lives on ! op5 pla9s )\t art or disguise3 ! cuckoo1 z e "o kn[s1 is a s+ul>ly %y bird2 x frequ5ts ! mo/ retir$ ?ickets1 & fe$s on fruit & cat]pill>s4 ,9 /ructure also ^! two g5]a are widely remov$ f ea* o!r4 ,_m !ories1 ev5 phr5ological !ories1 h be5 advanc$ to expla9 ! orig9 ( ! cuckoo lay+ its eggs 9 o!r birds' ne/s4 ,m4 ,prevo/ alone1 ,i ?9k1 has ?r[n light by 8 obs]vations #i on ?is puzzle3 he f9ds t ! female cuckoo1 :i*1 accord+ to mo/ obs]v]s1 lays at lea/ f f\r to six eggs1 mu/ pair ) ! male ea* "t aft] lay+ only "o or two eggs4 ,n[1 if ! cuckoo 0 oblig$ to sit on h] own eggs1 %e w\ld ei!r h to sit on all toge!r1 & !re=e leave ^? fir/ laid s long1 t !y probably w\ld become addl$2 or %e w\ld h to hat* sep>ately ea* egg1 or two eggs1 z soon z laid3 b z ! cuckoo /ays a %ort] "t 9 ?is c\ntry ?an any o!r migratory bird1 %e c]ta9ly w\ld n h "t en\gh = ! successive hat*+s4 ,h5ce we c p]ceive 9 ! fact ( ! cuckoo pair+ sev]al times1 & lay+ h] eggs at int]vals1 ! cause ( h] deposit+ h] eggs 9 o!r birds' ne/s1 & leav+ !m to ! c>e ( fo/]-p>5ts4 ,i am /rongly incl9$ to believe t ?is view is correct1 f hav+ be5 indep5d5tly l$ 7z we %all h]eaft] see7 to an analog\s conclusion ) reg>d to ! ,s\? ,am]ican o/ri*1 ! females ( :i* are p>asitical1 if ,i may s express x1 on ea* o!r2 ea* female lay+ sev]al eggs 9 ! ne/s ( sev]al o!r females1 & ! male o/ri* und]tak+ all ! c>es ( incubation1 l ! /range fo/]-p>5ts ) ! cuckoo4 ,i w m5tion only two o!r birds1 :i* are v common1 & r5d] !mselves prom95t f _! habits4 ,! ,saurophagus sulphuratus is typical ( ! great ,am]ican tribe ( tyrant-flycat*]s4 ,9 its /ructure x closely approa*es ! true %rikes1 b 9 its habits may be comp>$ to _m birds4 ,i h frequ5tly obs]v$ x1 hunt+ a field1 hov]+ ov] "o spot l a hawk1 & !n proce$+ on to ano!r4 ,:5 se5 ?us susp5d$ 9 ! air1 x might v readily at a %ort di/ance be mi/ak5 = "o ( ! ,rapaci\s ord]2 its /oop1 h[ev]1 is v inf]ior 9 =ce & rapidity to t ( a hawk4 ,at o!r times ! ,saurophagus haunts ! neighb\rhood ( wat]1 & !re1 l a k+fi%]1 rema9+ /ation>y1 x cat*es any small fi% :i* may come ne> ! m>g94 ,^! birds are n unfrequ5tly kept ei!r 9 cages or 9 c\rty>ds1 ) _! w+s cut4 ,!y soon become tame1 & are v amus+ f _! cunn+ odd mann]s1 :i* 7 describ$ to me z be+ simil> to ^? ( ! common magpie4 ,_! flight is undulatory1 = ! weight ( ! head & bill appe>s too great = ! body4 ,9 ! ev5+ ! ,saurophagus takes its /& on a bu%1 (t5 by ! roadside1 & cont9ually repeats )\t a *ange a %rill & r agreeable cry1 :i* some:at resembles articulate words3 ! ,spani>ds say x is l ! words ,bi5 te veo 7,i see y well71 & accord+ly h giv5 x ?is "n4 ,a mock+-bird 7,mimus orpheus71 call$ by ! inhabitants ,cal&ria1 is rem>kable1 f possess+ a song f> sup]ior to t ( any o!r bird 9 ! c\ntry3 inde$1 x is ne>ly ! only bird 9 ,s\? ,am]ica :i* ,i h obs]v$ to take its /& = ! purpose ( s++4 ,! song may be comp>$ to t ( ! ,s$ge w>bl]1 b is m p[]ful2 "s h>% notes & "s v high ones1 be+ m+l$ ) a pleasant w>bl+4 ,x is he>d only dur+ ! spr+4 ,at o!r times its cry is h>% & f> f h>moni\s4 ,ne> ,maldonado ^! birds 7 tame & bold2 !y con/antly att5d$ ! c\ntry h\ses 9 numb]s1 to pick ! meat :i* 0 hung up on ! po/s or walls3 if any o!r small bird jo9$ ! fea/1 ! ,cal&ria soon *as$ x away4 ,on ! wide un9habit$ pla9s ( ,patagonia ano!r closely alli$ species1 ,o4 ,patagonica ( d',orbigny1 :i* frequ5ts ! valleys clo!d ) sp9y bu%es1 is a wild] bird1 & has a slightly diff]5t tone ( voice4 ,x appe>s to me a curi\s circum/ance1 z %[+ ! f9e %ades ( diff]5ce 9 habits1 t judg+ f ?is latt] respect alone1 :5 ,i fir/ saw ?is second species1 ,i ?\ght x 0 diff]5t f ! ,maldonado k9d4 ,hav+ aft]w>ds procur$ a specim51 & comp>+ ! two )\t p>ticul> c>e1 !y appe>$ s v simil>1 t ,i *ang$ my op9ion2 b n[ ,mr4 ,g\ld says t !y are c]ta9ly di/9ct2 a conclusion 9 con=mity ) ! trifl+ diff]5ce ( habit1 ( :i*1 ( c\rse1 he 0 n aw>e4 ,! numb]1 tam5ess1 & disgu/+ habits ( ! c>rion-fe$+ hawks ( ,s\? ,am]ica make !m pre-em95tly /rik+ to any "o accu/om$ only to ! birds ( ,nor!rn ,europe4 ,9 ?is li/ may be includ$ f\r species ( ! ,c>ac>a or ,polyborus1 ! ,turkey buzz>d1 ! ,gall9azo1 & ! ,condor4 ,! ,c>ac>as are1 f _! /ructure1 plac$ among ! eagles3 we %all soon see h[ ill !y become s high a rank4 ,9 _! habits !y well supply ! place ( our c>rion-cr[s1 magpies1 & rav5s2 a tribe ( birds widely di/ribut$ ov] ! re/ ( ! _w1 b entirely abs5t 9 ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,to beg9 ) ! ,polyborus ,brasili5sis3 ?is is a common bird1 & has a wide geographical range2 x is mo/ num]\s on ! grassy savannahs ( ,la ,plata 7:]e x goes by ! "n ( ,c>ran*a71 & is f> f unfrequ5t ?r\gh\t ! /]ile pla9s ( ,patagonia4 ,9 ! des]t betwe5 ! riv]s ,negro & ,colorado1 numb]s con/antly att5d ! l9e ( road to dev\r ! c>casses ( ! exhau/$ animals :i* *ance to p]i% f fatigue & ?ir/4 ,al?\gh ?us common 9 ^! dry & op5 c\ntries1 & likewise on ! arid %ores ( ! ,pacific1 x is nev]!less f\nd inhabit+ ! damp imp]vi\s =e/s ( ,we/ ,patagonia & ,ti]ra del ,fuego4 ,! ,c>ran*as1 toge!r ) ! ,*imango1 con/antly att5d 9 numb]s ! e/ancias & slaught]+-h\ses4 ,if an animal dies on ! pla9 ! ,gall9azo comm5ces ! fea/1 & !n ! two species ( ,polyborus pick ! bones clean4 ,^! birds1 al?\gh ?us commonly fe$+ toge!r1 are f> f be+ fri5ds4 ,:5 ! ,c>ran*a is quietly seat$ on ! bran* ( a tree or on ! gr\nd1 ! ,*imango (t5 cont9ues = a long "t fly+ backw>ds & =w>ds1 up & d[n1 9 a semicircle1 try+ ea* "t at ! bottom ( ! curve to /rike its l>g] relative4 ,! ,c>ran*a takes little notice1 except by bobb+ its head4 ,al?\gh ! ,c>ran*as frequ5tly assemble 9 numb]s1 !y are n greg>i\s2 = 9 des]t places !y may be se5 solit>y1 or m commonly by pairs4 ,! ,c>ran*as are said to be v crafty1 & to /eal great numb]s ( eggs4 ,!y attempt1 also1 toge!r ) ! ,*imango1 to pick (f ! scabs f ! sore backs ( horses & mules4 ,! poor animal1 on ! "o h&1 ) its e>s d[n & its back ar*$2 &1 on ! o!r1 ! hov]+ bird1 eye+ at ! di/ance ( a y>d ! disgu/+ morsel1 =m a picture1 :i* has be5 describ$ by ,capta9 ,head ) 8 own peculi> _s & accuracy4 ,^! false eagles mo/ r>ely kill any liv+ bird or animal2 & _! vulture-l1 necrophag\s habits are v evid5t to any "o :o has fall5 asleep on ! desolate pla9s ( ,patagonia1 = :5 he wakes1 he w see1 on ea* surr\nd+ hillock1 "o ( ^! birds pati5tly wat*+ him ) an evil eye3 x is a feature 9 ! l&scape ( ^! c\ntries1 :i* w be recognis$ by e "o :o has w&]$ ov] !m4 ,if a p>ty ( m5 g out hunt+ ) dogs & horses1 !y w be accompani$1 dur+ ! day1 by sev]al ( ^! att5dants4 ,aft] fe$+1 ! uncov]$ craw protrudes2 at su* times1 & inde$ g5]ally1 ! ,c>ran*a is an inactive1 tame1 & c[>dly bird4 ,its flight is heavy & sl[1 l t ( an ,engli% rook4 ,x seldom so>s2 b ,i h twice se5 "o at a great height glid+ ?r\gh ! air ) mu* ease4 ,x runs 79 contradi/9ction to hopp+71 b n q s quickly z "s ( its cong5]s4 ,at times ! ,c>ran*a is noisy1 b is n g5]ally s3 its cry is l\d1 v h>% & peculi>1 & may be lik5$ to ! s\nd ( ! ,spani% guttural g1 foll[$ by a r\gh d\ble r r2 :5 utt]+ ?is cry x elevates its head high] & high]1 till at la/1 ) its beak wide op51 ! cr[n almo/ t\*es ! l[] "p ( ! back4 ,?is fact1 :i* has be5 d\bt$1 is q true2 ,i h se5 !m sev]al times ) _! heads backw>ds 9 a completely inv]t$ position4 ,to ^! obs]vations ,i may add1 on ! high au?ority ( ,az>a1 t ! ,c>ran*a fe$s on worms1 %ells1 slugs1 gras%opp]s1 & frogs2 t x de/roys "y lambs by te>+ ! umbilical cord2 & t x pursues ! ,gall9azo1 till t bird is compell$ to vomit up ! c>rion x may h rec5tly gorg$4 ,la/ly1 ,az>a /ates t sev]al ,c>ran*as1 five or six toge!r1 w unite 9 *ase ( l>ge birds1 ev5 su* z h]ons4 ,all ^! facts %[ t x is a bird ( v v]satile habits & consid]able +5uity4 ,! ,polyborus ,*imango is consid]ably small] ?an ! la/ species4 ,x is truly omnivor\s1 & w eat ev5 bread2 & ,i 0 assur$ t x mat]ially injures ! potato crops 9 ,*iloe1 by /ock+ up ! roots :5 fir/ plant$4 ,( all ! c>rion-fe$]s x is g5]ally ! la/ :i* leaves ! skeleton ( a dead animal1 & may (t5 be se5 )9 ! ribs ( a c[ or horse1 l a bird 9 a cage4 ,ano!r species is ! ,polyborus ,novae ,zel&iae1 :i* is exce$+ly common 9 ! ,falkl& ,isl&s4 ,^! birds 9 _m respects resemble 9 _! habits ! ,c>ran*as4 ,!y live on ! fle% ( dead animals & on m>9e productions2 & on ! ,ramirez rocks _! :ole su/5ance mu/ dep5d on ! sea4 ,!y are extraord9>ily tame & fe>less1 & haunt ! neighborhood ( h\ses = (fal4 ,if a hunt+ p>ty kills an animal1 a numb] soon collect & pati5tly await1 /&+ on ! gr\nd on all sides4 ,aft] eat+1 _! uncov]$ craws are l>gely protrud$1 giv+ !m a disgu/+ appe>ance4 ,!y readily attack w\nd$ birds3 a cormorant 9 ?is /ate hav+ tak5 to ! %ore1 0 imm$iately seiz$ on by sev]al1 & its dea? ha/5$ by _! bl[s4 ,! ,beagle 0 at ! ,falkl&s only dur+ ! summ]1 b ! (fic]s ( ! ,adv5ture1 :o 7 !re 9 ! w9t]1 m5tion _m extraord9>y in/ances ( ! boldness & rapacity ( ^! birds4 ,!y actually p\nc$ on a dog t 0 ly+ fa/ asleep close by "o ( ! p>ty2 & ! sportsm5 _h difficulty 9 prev5t+ ! w\nd$ geese f be+ seiz$ be=e _! eyes4 ,x is said t sev]al toge!r 79 ?is respect resembl+ ! ,c>ran*as7 wait at ! m\? ( a rabbit-hole1 & toge!r seize on ! animal :5 x comes out4 ,!y 7 con/antly fly+ on bo>d ! vessel :5 9 ! h>b\r2 & x 0 necess>y to keep a good look out to prev5t ! lea!r be+ torn f ! rigg+1 & ! meat or game f ! /]n4 ,^! birds are v mis*iev\s & inquisitive2 !y w pick up almo/ any?+ f ! gr\nd2 a l>ge black glaz$ hat 0 c>ri$ ne>ly a mile1 z 0 a pair ( ! heavy balls us$ 9 cat*+ cattle4 ,mr4 ,usborne exp]i5c$ dur+ ! survey a m sev]e loss1 9 _! /eal+ a small ,kat]'s compass 9 a r$ morocco lea!r case1 :i* 0 nev] recov]$4 ,^! birds are1 moreov]1 qu>relsome & v passionate2 te>+ up ! grass ) _! bills f rage4 ,!y are n truly greg>i\s2 !y d n so>1 & _! flight is heavy & clumsy2 on ! gr\nd !y run extremely fa/1 v mu* l pheasants4 ,!y are noisy1 utt]+ sev]al h>% cries1 "o ( :i* is l t ( ! ,engli% rook1 h5ce ! seal]s always call !m rooks4 ,x is a curi\s circum/ance t1 :5 cry+ out1 !y ?r[ _! heads upw>ds & backw>ds1 aft] ! same mann] z ! ,c>ran*a4 ,!y build 9 ! rocky cliffs ( ! sea-coa/1 b only on ! small adjo9+ islets1 & n on ! two ma9 isl&s3 ?is is a s+ul> precaution 9 s tame & fe>less a bird4 ,! seal]s say t ! fle% ( ^! birds1 :5 cook$1 is q :ite1 & v good eat+2 b bold mu/ ! man be :o attempts su* a meal4 ,we h n[ only to m5tion ! turkey-buzz>d 7,vultur aura71 & ! ,gall9azo4 ,! =m] is f\nd :]ev] ! c\ntry is mod]ately damp1 f ,cape ,horn to ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,diff]5tly f ! ,polyborus ,brasili5sis & ,*imango1 x has f\nd its way to ! ,falkl& ,isl&s4 ,! turkey-buzz>d is a solit>y bird1 or at mo/ goes 9 pairs4 ,x may at once be recognis$ f a long di/ance1 by its l(ty1 so>+1 & mo/ elegant flight4 ,x is well kn[n to be a true c>rion-fe$]4 ,on ! we/ coa/ ( ,patagonia1 among ! ?ickly-wood$ islets & brok5 l&1 x lives exclusively on :at ! sea ?r[s up1 & on ! c>casses ( dead seals4 ,:]ev] ^! animals are congregat$ on ! rocks1 !re ! vultures may be se54 ,! ,gall9azo 7,ca?>tes atratus7 has a diff]5t range f ! la/ species1 z x nev] occurs s\?w>d ( lat4 #da degs4 ,az>a /ates t !re exi/s a tradition t ^! birds1 at ! "t ( ! conque/1 7 n f\nd ne> ,monte ,video1 b t !y subsequ5tly foll[$ ! inhabitants f m nor!rn di/ricts4 ,at ! pres5t day !y are num]\s 9 ! valley ( ! ,colorado1 :i* is ?ree hundr$ miles due s\? ( ,monte ,video4 ,x seems probable t ?is additional migration has happ5$ s9ce ! "t ( ,az>a4 ,! ,gall9azo g5]ally pref]s a humid climate1 or r ! neighb\rhood ( fre% wat]2 h5ce x is extremely abundant 9 ,brazil & ,la ,plata1 :ile x is nev] f\nd on ! des]t & arid pla9s ( ,nor!rn ,patagonia1 except+ ne> "s /ream4 ,^! birds frequ5t ! :ole ,pampas to ! foot ( ! ,cordill]a1 b ,i nev] saw or he>d ( "o 9 ,*ile2 9 ,p]u !y are pres]v$ z scav5g]s4 ,^! vultures c]ta9ly may be call$ greg>i\s1 = !y seem to h pleasure 9 society1 & are n solely br\ght toge!r by ! attraction ( a common prey4 ,on a f9e day a flock may (t5 be obs]v$ at a great height1 ea* bird :eel+ r\nd & r\nd )\t clos+ its w+s1 9 ! mo/ graceful evolutions4 ,?is is cle>ly p]=m$ = ! m]e pleasure ( ! ex]cise1 or p]haps is connect$ ) _! matrimonial alliances4 ,i h n[ m5tion$ all ! c>rion-fe$]s1 except+ ! condor1 an acc\nt ( :i* w be m appropriately introduc$ :5 we visit a c\ntry m cong5ial to its habits ?an ! pla9s ( ,la ,plata4 ,9 a broad b& ( s&-hillocks :i* sep>ate ! ,laguna del ,potr]o f ! %ores ( ! ,plata1 at ! di/ance ( a few miles f ,maldonado1 ,i f\nd a gr\p ( ^? vitrifi$1 silice\s tubes1 :i* are =m$ by lightn+ ent]+ loose s&4 ,^! tubes resemble 9 e p>ticul> ^? f ,drigg 9 ,cumb]l&1 describ$ 9 ! ,geological ,transactions4 #aj ,! s&-hillocks ( ,maldonado n be+ protect$ by vegetation1 are con/antly *ang+ _! position4 ,f ?is cause ! tubes project$ above ! surface1 & num]\s fragm5ts ly+ ne>1 %[$ t !y _h =m]ly be5 buri$ to a great] dep?4 ,f\r sets ent]$ ! s& p]p5dicul>ly3 by work+ ) my h&s ,i trac$ "o ( !m two feet deep2 & "s fragm5ts :i* evid5tly _h belong$ to ! same tube1 :5 add$ to ! o!r "p1 measur$ five feet ?ree in*es4 ,! diamet] ( ! :ole tube 0 ne>ly equal1 & !re=e we mu/ suppose t orig9ally x ext5d$ to a mu* great] dep?4 ,^! dim5sions are h[ev] small1 comp>$ to ^? ( ! tubes f ,drigg1 "o ( :i* 0 trac$ to a dep? ( n less ?an ?irty feet4 ,! int]nal surface is completely vitrifi$1 glossy1 & smoo?4 ,a small fragm5t exam9$ "u ! microscope appe>$1 f ! numb] ( m9ute entangl$ air or p]haps /eam bubbles1 l an assay fus$ be=e ! bl[pipe4 ,! s& is entirely1 or 9 great] "p1 silice\s2 b "s po9ts are ( a black col\r1 & f _! glossy surface possess a metallic lu/re4 ,! ?ickness ( ! wall ( ! tube v>ies f a ?irtie? to a tw5tie? ( an in*1 & occasionally ev5 equals a t5?4 ,on ! outside ! gra9s ( s& are r\nd$1 & h a slightly glaz$ appe>ance3 ,i c\ld n di/+ui% any signs ( cry/allization4 ,9 a simil> mann] to t describ$ 9 ! ,geological ,transactions1 ! tubes are g5]ally compress$1 & h deep longitud9al furr[s1 s z closely to resemble a %rivell$ vegetable /alk1 or ! b>k ( ! elm or cork tree4 ,_! circumf]5ce is ab\t two in*es1 b 9 "s fragm5ts1 :i* are cyl9drical & )\t any furr[s1 x is z mu* z f\r in*es4 ,! compression f ! surr\nd+ loose s&1 act+ :ile ! tube 0 /ill s(t5$ f ! effects ( ! int5se heat1 has evid5tly caus$ ! creases or furr[s4 ,judg+ f ! uncompress$ fragm5ts1 ! measure or bore ( ! lightn+ 7if su* a t]m may be us$7 mu/ h be5 ab\t "o in* & a qu>t]4 ,at ,p>is1 ,m4 ,ha*ette & ,m4 ,beudant #aa succe$$ 9 mak+ tubes1 9 mo/ respects simil> to ^! fulgurites1 by pass+ v /rong %ocks ( galvanism ?r\gh f9ely-p[d]$ glass3 :5 salt 0 add$1 s z to increase its fusibility1 ! tubes 7 l>g] 9 e dim5sion4 ,!y fail$ bo? ) p[d]$ felsp> & qu>tz4 ,"o tube1 =m$ ) p\nd$ glass1 0 v ne>ly an in* long1 namely 4#ihb1 & _h an int]nal diamet] ( 4#jai ( an in*4 ,:5 we he> t ! /ronge/ batt]y 9 ,p>is 0 us$1 & t its p[] on a sub/ance ( su* easy fusibility z glass 0 to =m tubes s dim9utive1 we mu/ feel greatly a/oni%$ at ! =ce ( a %ock ( lightn+1 :i*1 /rik+ ! s& 9 sev]al places1 has =m$ cyl9d]s1 9 "o in/ance ( at lea/ ?irty feet long1 & hav+ an int]nal bore1 :]e n compress$1 ( full an in* & a half2 & ?is 9 a mat]ial s extraord9>ily refractory z qu>tz6 ,! tubes1 z ,i h already rem>k$1 ent] ! s& ne>ly 9 a v]tical direction4 ,"o1 h[ev]1 :i* 0 less regul> ?an ! o!rs1 deviat$ f a "r l9e1 at ! mo/ consid]able b5d1 to ! am\nt ( ?irty-?ree degrees4 ,f ?is same tube1 two small bran*es1 ab\t a foot ap>t1 7 s5t (f2 "o po9t$ d[nw>ds1 & ! o!r upw>ds4 ,?is latt] case is rem>kable1 z ! electric fluid mu/ h turn$ back at ! acute angle ( #bf degs41 to ! l9e ( its ma9 c\rse4 ,besides ! f\r tubes :i* ,i f\nd v]tical1 & trac$ b5ea? ! surface1 !re 7 sev]al o!r gr\ps ( fragm5ts1 ! orig9al sites ( :i* )\t d\bt 7 ne>4 ,all occurr$ 9 a level area ( %ift+ s&1 sixty y>ds by tw5ty1 situat$ among "s high s&-hillocks1 & at ! di/ance ( ab\t half a mile f a *a9 ( hills f\r or five hundr$ feet 9 height4 ,! mo/ rem>kable circum/ance1 z x appe>s to me1 9 ?is case z well z 9 t ( ,drigg1 & 9 "o describ$ by ,m4 ,ribb5trop 9 ,g]many1 is ! numb] ( tubes f\nd )9 su* limit$ spaces4 ,at ,drigg1 )9 an area ( fifte5 y>ds1 ?ree 7 obs]v$1 & ! same numb] occurr$ 9 ,g]many4 ,9 ! case :i* ,i h describ$1 c]ta9ly m ?an f\r exi/$ )9 ! space ( ! sixty by tw5ty y>ds4 ,z x does n appe> probable t ! tubes are produc$ by successive di/9ct %ocks1 we mu/ believe t ! lightn+1 %ortly be=e ent]+ ! gr\nd1 divides itself into sep>ate bran*es4 ,! neighb\rhood ( ! ,rio ,plata seems peculi>ly subject to electric ph5om5a4 ,9 ! ye> #agic1 #ab "o ( ! mo/ de/ructive ?und]/orms p]haps on record happ5$ at ,bu5os ,ayres3 ?irty-sev5 places )9 ! city 7 /ruck by lightn+1 & n9ete5 p kill$4 ,f facts /at$ 9 sev]al books ( travels1 ,i am incl9$ to suspect t ?und]/orms are v common ne> ! m\?s ( great riv]s4 ,is x n possible t ! mixture ( l>ge bodies ( fre% & salt wat] may di/urb ! electrical equilibrium8 ,ev5 dur+ our occasional visits to ?is "p ( ,s\? ,am]ica1 we he>d ( a %ip1 two *ur*es1 & a h\se hav+ be5 /ruck4 ,bo? ! *ur* & ! h\se ,i saw %ortly aft]w>ds3 ! h\se belong$ to ,mr4 ,hood1 ! consul-g5]al at ,monte ,video4 ,"s ( ! effects 7 curi\s3 ! pap]1 = ne>ly a foot on ea* side ( ! l9e :]e ! bell-wires _h run1 0 black5$4 ,! metal _h be5 fus$1 & al?\gh ! room 0 ab\t fifte5 feet high1 ! globules1 dropp+ on ! *airs & furniture1 _h drill$ 9 !m a *a9 ( m9ute holes4 ,a "p ( ! wall 0 %att]$1 z if by gunp[d]1 & ! fragm5ts _h be5 bl[n (f ) =ce suffici5t to d5t ! wall on ! opposite side ( ! room4 ,! frame ( a look+-glass 0 black5$1 & ! gild+ mu/ h be5 volatiliz$1 = a smell+-bottle1 :i* /ood on ! *imney-piece1 0 coat$ ) bright metallic p>ticles1 :i* adh]$ z firmly z if !y _h be5 enamell$4 #a ,he>ne's ,j\rney1 p4 #chc4 #b ,macl>51 art4 ,am]ica1 ,encyclop4 ,brittann4 #c ,az>a says1 ,je crois que la quantite annuelle des pluies e/1 dans t\tes ces contrees1 plus consid]able qu'en ,espagne4--,vol4 i4 p4 #cf4 #d ,9 ,s\? ,am]ica ,i collect$ altoge!r tw5ty-sev5 species ( mice1 & ?irte5 m are kn[n f ! works ( ,az>a & o!r au?ors4 ,^? collect$ by myself h be5 nam$ & describ$ by ,mr4 ,wat]h\se at ! meet+s ( ! ,zoological ,society4 ,i mu/ be all[$ to take ?is opportunity ( return+ my cordial ?anks to ,mr4 ,wat]h\se1 & to ! o!r g5tleman atta*$ to t ,society1 = _! k9d & mo/ lib]al assi/ance on all occasions4 #e ,9 ! /oma* & duod5um ( a capyb>a :i* ,i op5$ ,i f\nd a v l>ge quantity ( a ?9 yell[i% fluid1 9 :i* sc>cely a fibre c\ld be di/+ui%$4 ,mr4 ,ow5 in=ms me t a "p ( ! oesophagus is s con/ruct$ t no?+ mu* l>g] ?an a cr[quill c be pass$ d[n4 ,c]ta9ly ! broad tee? & /rong jaws ( ?is animal are well fitt$ to gr9d into pulp ! aquatic plants on :i* x fe$s4 #f ,at ! ,r4 ,negro1 9 ,nor!rn ,patagonia1 !re is an animal ( ! same habits1 & probably a closely alli$ species1 b :i* ,i nev] saw4 ,its noise is diff]5t f t ( ! ,maldonado k9d2 x is repeat$ only twice in/ead ( ?ree or f\r times1 & is m di/9ct & sonor\s2 :5 he>d f a di/ance x s closely resembles ! s\nd made 9 cutt+ d[n a small tree ) an axe1 t ,i h sometimes rema9$ 9 d\bt conc]n+ x4 #g ,philosoph4 ,zoolog41 tom4 i4 p4 #bdb4 #h ,magaz9e ( ,zoology & ,botany1 vol4 i4 p4 #bag4 #i ,read be=e ! ,academy ( ,sci5ces 9 ,p>is4 ,l',in/itut1 #ahcd1 p4 #dah4 #aj ,geolog4 ,transact4 vol4 ii4 p4 #ebh4 ,9 ! ,philosoph4 ,transact4 7#agij1 p4 #bid7 ,dr4 ,prie/ly has describ$ "s imp]fect silice\s tubes & a melt$ pebble ( qu>tz1 f\nd 9 digg+ into ! gr\nd1 "u a tree1 :]e a man _h be5 kill$ by lightn+4 #aa ,annals de ,*imie et de ,physique1 tom4 xxxvii4 p4 #cai4 #ab ,az>a's ,voyage1 vol4 i4 p4 #cf4 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,rio ,,negro ,,to ,,bahia ,,blanca ,rio ,negro--,e/ancias attack$ by ! ,indians--,salt-,lakes--,flam+oes--,r4 ,negro to ,r4 ,colorado--,sacr$ ,tree--,patagonian ,h>e--,indian ,families--,g5]al ,rosas--,proce$ to ,bahia ,blanca--,s& ,dunes--,negro ,lieut5ant--,bahia ,blanca--,sal9e ,incru/ations--,punta ,alta--,zorillo4 ,,july #bd?1 #ahcc4--,! ,beagle sail$ f ,maldonado1 & on ,augu/ ! #crd %e arriv$ (f ! m\? ( ! ,rio ,negro4 ,?is is ! pr9cipal riv] on ! :ole l9e ( coa/ betwe5 ! ,/rait ( ,magellan & ! ,plata4 ,x ent]s ! sea ab\t ?ree hundr$ miles s\? ( ! e/u>y ( ! ,plata4 ,ab\t fifty ye>s ago1 "u ! old ,spani% gov]nm5t1 a small colony 0 e/abli%$ "h2 & x is /ill ! mo/ s\!rn position 7lat4 #da degs47 on ?is ea/]n coa/ ( ,am]ica inhabit$ by civiliz$ man4 ,! c\ntry ne> ! m\? ( ! riv] is wret*$ 9 ! extreme3 on ! s\? side a long l9e ( p]p5dicul> cliffs comm5ces1 :i* exposes a section ( ! geological nature ( ! c\ntry4 ,! /rata are ( s&/one1 & "o lay] 0 rem>kable f be+ compos$ ( a firmly-cem5t$ conglom]ate ( pumice pebbles1 :i* mu/ h travell$ m ?an f\r hundr$ miles1 f ! ,&es4 ,! surface is ev]y:]e cov]$ up by a ?ick b$ ( gravel1 :i* ext5ds f> & wide ov] ! op5 pla94 ,wat] is extremely sc>ce1 &1 :]e f\nd1 is almo/ inv>iably bracki%4 ,! vegetation is scanty2 & al?\gh !re are bu%es ( _m k9ds1 all are arm$ ) =midable ?orns1 :i* seem to w>n ! /rang] n to ent] on ^! inhospitable regions4 ,! settlem5t is situat$ eighte5 miles up ! riv]4 ,! road foll[s ! foot ( ! slop+ cliff1 :i* =ms ! nor!rn b\nd>y ( ! great valley1 9 :i* ! ,rio ,negro fl[s4 ,on ! way we pass$ ! ru9s ( "s f9e e/ancias1 :i* a few ye>s s9ce _h be5 de/roy$ by ! ,indians4 ,!y )/ood sev]al attacks4 ,a man pres5t at "o gave me a v lively description ( :at took place4 ,! inhabitants _h suffici5t notice to drive all ! cattle & horses into ! corral #a :i* surr\nd$ ! h\se1 & likewise to m\nt "s small cannon4 ,! ,indians 7 ,araucanians f ! s\? ( ,*ile2 sev]al hundr$s 9 numb]1 & highly discipl9$4 ,!y fir/ appe>$ 9 two bodies on a neighb\r+ hill2 hav+ !re dism\nt$1 & tak5 (f _! fur mantles1 !y advanc$ nak$ to ! *>ge4 ,! only weapon ( an ,indian is a v long bamboo or *uzo1 ornam5t$ ) o/ri* fea!rs1 & po9t$ by a %>p spe>head4 ,my in=m] seem$ to rememb] ) ! greate/ horror ! quiv]+ ( ^! *uzos z !y approa*$ ne>4 ,:5 close1 ! cacique ,p9*eira hail$ ! besieg$ to give up _! arms1 or he w\ld cut all _! ?roats4 ,z ?is w\ld probably h be5 ! result ( _! entrance "u any circum/ances1 ! answ] 0 giv5 by a volley ( musketry4 ,! ,indians1 ) great /ead9ess1 came to ! v f5ce ( ! corral3 b to _! surprise !y f\nd ! po/s fa/5$ toge!r by iron nails in/ead ( lea!r ?ongs1 &1 ( c\rse1 9 va9 attempt$ to cut !m ) _! knives4 ,?is sav$ ! lives ( ! ,*ri/ians3 _m ( ! w\nd$ ,indians 7 c>ri$ away by _! companions1 & at la/1 "o ( ! "u caciques be+ w\nd$1 ! bugle s\nd$ a retreat4 ,!y retir$ to _! horses1 & seem$ to hold a c\ncil ( w>4 ,?is 0 an awful pause = ! ,spani>ds1 z all _! ammunition1 ) ! exception ( a few c>tridges1 0 exp5d$4 ,9 an in/ant ! ,indians m\nt$ _! horses1 & gallop$ out ( sight4 ,ano!r attack 0 /ill m quickly repuls$4 ,a cool ,fr5*man manag$ ! gun2 he /opp$ till ! ,indians approa*$ close1 & !n rak$ _! l9e ) grape-%ot3 he ?us laid ?irty-n9e ( !m on ! gr\nd2 &1 ( c\rse1 su* a bl[ imm$iately r\t$ ! :ole p>ty4 ,! t[n is indiff]5tly call$ ,el ,c>m5 or ,patagones4 ,x is built on ! face ( a cliff :i* fronts ! riv]1 & _m ( ! h\ses are excavat$ ev5 9 ! s&/one4 ,! riv] is ab\t two or ?ree hundr$ y>ds wide1 & is deep & rapid4 ,! _m isl&s1 ) _! will[-trees1 & ! flat headl&s1 se5 "o beh9d ! o!r on ! nor!rn b\nd>y ( ! broad gre5 valley1 =m1 by ! aid ( a bright sun1 a view almo/ picturesque4 ,! numb] ( inhabitants does n exce$ a few hundr$s4 ,^! ,spani% colonies d n1 l our ,briti% ones1 c>ry )9 !mselves ! elem5ts ( gr[?4 ,_m ,indians ( pure blood reside "h3 ! tribe ( ! ,cacique ,lucanee con/antly h _! ,toldos #b on ! outskirts ( ! t[n4 ,! local gov]nm5t p>tly supplies !m ) provisions1 by giv+ !m all ! old worn-out horses1 & !y e>n a little by mak+ horse-rugs & o!r articles ( rid+-ge>4 ,^! ,indians are consid]$ civiliz$2 b :at _! "* may h ga9$ by a less] degree ( f]ocity1 is almo/ c\nt]balanc$ by _! entire immorality4 ,"s ( ! y\ng] m5 are1 h[ev]1 improv+2 !y are will+ to lab\r1 & a %ort "t s9ce a p>ty w5t on a seal+-voyage1 & behav$ v well4 ,!y 7 n[ enjoy+ ! fruits ( _! lab\r1 by be+ dress$ 9 v gay1 clean clo!s1 & by be+ v idle4 ,! ta/e !y %[$ 9 _! dress 0 admirable2 if y c\ld h turn$ "o ( ^! "y ,indians into a /atue ( bronze1 8 drap]y w\ld h be5 p]fectly graceful4 ,"o day ,i rode to a l>ge salt-lake1 or ,sal9a1 :i* is di/ant fifte5 miles f ! t[n4 ,dur+ ! w9t] x consi/s ( a %all[ lake ( br9e1 :i* 9 summ] is conv]t$ into a field ( sn[-:ite salt4 ,! lay] ne> ! m>g9 is f f\r to five in*es ?ick1 b t[>ds ! c5tre its ?ickness increases4 ,?is lake 0 two & a half miles long1 & "o broad4 ,o!rs occur 9 ! neighb\rhood _m times l>g]1 & ) a floor ( salt1 two & ?ree feet 9 ?ickness1 ev5 :5 "u wat] dur+ ! w9t]4 ,"o ( ^! brilliantly :ite & level expanses 9 ! mid/ ( ! br[n & desolate pla91 (f]s an extraord9>y spectacle4 ,a l>ge quantity ( salt is annually drawn f ! sal9a3 & great piles1 "s hundr$ tons 9 weight1 7 ly+ ready = exportation4 ,! season = work+ ! sal9as =ms ! h>ve/ ( ,patagones2 = on x ! prosp]ity ( ! place dep5ds4 ,ne>ly ! :ole population encamps on ! bank ( ! riv]1 & ! p are employ$ 9 draw+ out ! salt 9 bullock-waggons4 ,?is salt is cry/alliz$ 9 great cubes1 & is rem>kably pure3 ,mr4 ,tr5ham ,reeks has k9dly analyz$ "s = me1 & he f9ds 9 x only #j4bf ( gypsum & #j4bb ( e>?y matt]4 ,x is a s+ul> fact1 t x does n s]ve s well = pres]v+ meat z sea-salt f ! ,cape de ,v]d isl&s2 & a m]*ant at ,bu5os ,ayres told me t he consid]$ x z fifty p] c5t4 less valuable4 ,h5ce ! ,cape de ,v]d salt is con/antly import$1 & is mix$ ) t f ^! sal9as4 ,! purity ( ! ,patagonian salt1 or abs5ce f x ( ^? o!r sal9e bodies f\nd 9 all sea-wat]1 is ! only assignable cause = ?is inf]iority3 a conclusion :i* no "o1 ,i ?9k1 w\ld h suspect$1 b :i* is support$ by ! fact lately asc]ta9$1 #c t ^? salts answ] be/ = pres]v+ *eese :i* conta9 mo/ ( ! deliquesc5t *lorides4 ,! bord] ( ?is lake is =m$ ( mud3 & 9 ?is num]\s l>ge cry/als ( gypsum1 "s ( :i* are ?ree in*es long1 lie emb$d$2 :il/ on ! surface o!rs ( sulphate ( soda lie scatt]$ ab\t4 ,! ,gau*os call ! =m] ! ,padre del sal1 & ! latt] ! ,madre2 !y /ate t ^! prog5itive salts always occur on ! bord]s ( ! sal9as1 :5 ! wat] beg9s to evaporate4 ,! mud is black1 & has a fetid od\r4 ,i c\ld n at fir/ imag9e ! cause ( ?is1 b ,i aft]w>ds p]ceiv$ t ! fro? :i* ! w9d drift$ on %ore 0 col\r$ gre51 z if by conf]vae2 ,i attempt$ to c>ry home "s ( ?is gre5 matt]1 b f an accid5t fail$4 ,p>ts ( ! lake se5 f a %ort di/ance appe>$ ( a r$di% col\r1 & ?is p]haps 0 ow+ to "s infusorial animalcula4 ,! mud 9 _m places 0 ?r[n up by numb]s ( "s k9d ( worm1 or annelid\s animal4 ,h[ surpris+ x is t any creatures %\ld be able to exi/ 9 br9e1 & t !y %\ld be crawl+ among cry/als ( sulphate ( soda & lime6 ,& :at becomes ( ^! worms :51 dur+ ! long summ]1 ! surface is h>d5$ into a solid lay] ( salt8 ,flam+oes 9 consid]able numb]s inhabit ?is lake1 & bre$ "h1 ?r\gh\t ,patagonia1 9 ,nor!rn ,*ile1 & at ! ,galapagos ,isl&s1 ,i met ) ^! birds :]ev] !re 7 lakes ( br9e4 ,i saw !m "h wad+ ab\t 9 se>* ( food--probably = ! worms :i* burr[ 9 ! mud2 & ^! latt] probably fe$ on infusoria or conf]vae4 ,?us we h a little liv+ _w )9 itself adapt$ to ^! inl& lakes ( br9e4 ,a m9ute cru/ace\s animal 7,canc] sal9us7 is said #d to live 9 c\ntless numb]s 9 ! br9e-pans at ,lym+ton3 b only 9 ^? 9 :i* ! fluid has atta9$1 f evaporation1 consid]able /r5g?--namely1 ab\t a qu>t] ( a p\nd ( salt to a p9t ( wat]4 ,well may we affirm t e "p ( ! _w is habitable6 ,:e!r lakes ( br9e1 or ^? subt]ranean ones hidd5 b5ea? volcanic m\nta9s--w>m m9]al spr+s--! wide expanse & dep?s ( ! ocean--! upp] regions ( ! atmosph]e1 & ev5 ! surface ( p]petual sn[--all support organic be+s4 ,to ! nor?w>d ( ! ,rio ,negro1 betwe5 x & ! inhabit$ c\ntry ne> ,bu5os ,ayres1 ! ,spani>ds h only "o small settlem5t1 rec5tly e/abli%$ at ,bahia ,blanca4 ,! di/ance 9 a /raight l9e to ,bu5os ,ayres is v ne>ly five hundr$ ,briti% miles4 ,! w&]+ tribes ( horse ,indians1 :i* h always occupi$ ! great] "p ( ?is c\ntry1 hav+ ( late mu* h>ass$ ! outly+ e/ancias1 ! gov]nm5t at ,bu5os ,ayres equipp$ "s "t s9ce an army "u ! comm& ( ,g5]al ,rosas = ! purpose ( ext]m9at+ !m4 ,! troops 7 n[ encamp$ on ! banks ( ! ,colorado2 a riv] ly+ ab\t eighty miles nor?w>d ( ! ,rio ,negro4 ,:5 ,g5]al ,rosas left ,bu5os ,ayres he /ruck 9 a direct l9e across ! unexplor$ pla9s3 & z ! c\ntry 0 ?us pretty well cle>$ ( ,indians1 he left beh9d him1 at wide int]vals1 a small p>ty ( soldi]s ) a troop ( horses 7a po/a71 s z to be enabl$ to keep up a communication ) ! capital4 ,z ! ,beagle int5d$ to call at ,bahia ,blanca1 ,i det]m9$ to proce$ !re by l&2 & ultimately ,i ext5d$ my plan to travel ! :ole way by ! po/as to ,bu5os ,ayres4 ,augu/ #aa?4--,mr4 ,h>ris1 an ,engli%man resid+ at ,patagones1 a guide1 & five ,gau*os :o 7 proce$+ to ! army on bus9ess1 7 my companions on ! j\rney4 ,! ,colorado1 z ,i h already said1 is ne>ly eighty miles di/ant3 & z we travell$ sl[ly1 we 7 two days & a half on ! road4 ,! :ole l9e ( c\ntry des]ves sc>cely a bett] "n ?an t ( a des]t4 ,wat] is f\nd only 9 two small wells2 x is call$ fre%2 b ev5 at ?is "t ( ! ye>1 dur+ ! ra9y season1 x 0 q bracki%4 ,9 ! summ] ?is mu/ be a di/ress+ passage2 = n[ x 0 suffici5tly desolate4 ,! valley ( ! ,rio ,negro1 broad z x is1 has m]ely be5 excavat$ out ( ! s&/one pla92 = imm$iately above ! bank on :i* ! t[n /&s1 a level c\ntry comm5ces1 :i* is int]rupt$ only by a few trifl+ valleys & depressions4 ,ev]y:]e ! l&scape we>s ! same /]ile aspect2 a dry gravelly soil supports tufts ( br[n )]$ grass1 & l[ scatt]$ bu%es1 arm$ ) ?orns4 ,%ortly aft] pass+ ! fir/ spr+ we came 9 sight ( a fam\s tree1 :i* ! ,indians rev]5ce z ! alt> ( ,wallee*u4 ,x is situat$ on a high "p ( ! pla92 & h5ce is a l&m>k visible at a great di/ance4 ,z soon z a tribe ( ,indians come 9 sight ( x1 !y (f] _! adorations by l\d %\ts4 ,! tree itself is l[1 mu* bran*$1 & ?orny3 j above ! root x has a diamet] ( ab\t ?ree feet4 ,x /&s by itself )\t any neighb\r1 & 0 inde$ ! fir/ tree we saw2 aft]w>ds we met ) a few o!rs ( ! same k9d1 b !y 7 f> f common4 ,be+ w9t] ! tree _h no leaves1 b 9 _! place numb]less ?reads1 by :i* ! v>i\s (f]+s1 su* z cig>s1 bread1 meat1 pieces ( clo?1 etc41 _h be5 susp5d$4 ,poor ,indians1 n hav+ any?+ bett]1 only pull a ?read out ( _! pon*os1 & fa/5 x to ! tree4 ,ri*] ,indians are accu/om$ to p\r spirits & mate into a c]ta9 hole1 & likewise to smoke upw>ds1 ?9k+ ?us to af=d all possible gratification to ,wallee*u4 ,to complete ! sc5e1 ! tree 0 surr\nd$ by ! blea*$ bones ( horses :i* _h be5 slaught]$ z sacrifices4 ,all ,indians ( e age & sex make _! (f]+s2 !y !n ?9k t _! horses w n tire1 & t !y !mselves %all be prosp]\s4 ,! ,gau*o :o told me ?is1 said t 9 ! "t ( peace he _h witness$ ?is sc5e1 & t he & o!rs us$ to wait till ! ,indians _h pass$ by1 = ! sake ( /eal+ f ,wallee*u ! (f]+s4 ,! ,gau*os ?9k t ! ,indians consid] ! tree z ! god itself1 b x seems f> m probable t !y reg>d x z ! alt>4 ,! only cause :i* ,i c imag9e = ?is *oice1 is its be+ a l&m>k 9 a dang]\s passage4 ,! ,si]ra de la ,v5tana is visible at an imm5se di/ance2 & a ,gau*o told me t he 0 once rid+ ) an ,indian a few miles to ! nor? ( ! ,rio ,colorado :5 ! ,indian comm5c$ mak+ ! same l\d noise :i* is usual at ! fir/ sight ( ! di/ant tree1 putt+ 8 h& to 8 head1 & !n po9t+ 9 ! direction ( ! ,si]ra4 ,^u be+ ask$ ! reason ( ?is1 ! ,indian said 9 brok5 ,spani%1 ,fir/ see ! ,si]ra4 ,ab\t two leagues beyond ?is curi\s tree we halt$ = ! night3 at ?is in/ant an un=tunate c[ 0 spi$ by ! lynx-ey$ ,gau*os1 :o set (f 9 full *ase1 & 9 a few m9utes dragg$ h] 9 ) _! lazos1 & slaught]$ h]4 ,we "h _h ! f\r necess>ies ( life en el campo1--pa/ure = ! horses1 wat] 7only a muddy puddle71 meat & firewood4 ,! ,gau*os 7 9 high spirits at f9d+ all ^! luxuries2 & we soon set to "w at ! poor c[4 ,?is 0 ! fir/ night :i* ,i pass$ "u ! op5 sky1 ) ! ge> ( ! recado = my b$4 ,!re is high enjoym5t 9 ! indep5d5ce ( ! ,gau*o life--to be able at any mom5t to pull up y\r horse1 & say1 ,"h we w pass ! night4 ,! dea?-l /illness ( ! pla91 ! dogs keep+ wat*1 ! gipsy-gr\p ( ,gau*os mak+ _! b$s r\nd ! fire1 h left 9 my m9d a /rongly-m>k$ picture ( ?is fir/ night1 :i* w nev] be =gott54 ,! next day ! c\ntry cont9u$ simil> to t above describ$4 ,x is inhabit$ by few birds or animals ( any k9d4 ,occasionally a de]1 or a ,guanaco 7wild ,llama7 may be se52 b ! ,ag\ti 7,cavia ,patagonica7 is ! commone/ quadrup$4 ,?is animal "h repres5ts our h>es4 ,x diff]s1 h[ev]1 f t g5us 9 _m ess5tial respects2 = in/ance1 x has only ?ree toes beh9d4 ,x is also ne>ly twice ! size1 weigh+ f tw5ty to tw5ty-five p\nds4 ,! ,ag\ti is a true fri5d ( ! des]t2 x is a common feature ( ! l&scape to see two or ?ree hopp+ quickly "o aft] ! o!r 9 a /raight l9e across ^! wild pla9s4 ,!y are f\nd z f> nor? z ! ,si]ra ,tapalgu5 7lat4 #cg degs4 #cj'71 :]e ! pla9 r sudd5ly becomes gre5] & m humid2 & _! s\!rn limit is betwe5 ,port ,desire & ,/4 ,julian1 :]e !re is no *ange 9 ! nature ( ! c\ntry4 ,x is a s+ul> fact1 t al?\gh ! ,ag\ti is n n[ f\nd z f> s\? z ,port ,/4 ,julian1 yet t ,capta9 ,wood1 9 8 voyage 9 #afgj1 talks ( !m z be+ num]\s !re4 ,:at cause c h alt]$1 9 a wide1 un9habit$1 & r>ely-visit$ c\ntry1 ! range ( an animal l ?is8 ,x appe>s also1 f ! numb] %ot by ,capta9 ,wood 9 "o day at ,port ,desire1 t !y mu/ h be5 consid]ably m abundant !re =m]ly ?an at pres5t4 ,:]e ! ,bizca*a lives & makes its burr[s1 ! ,ag\ti uses !m2 b :]e1 z at ,bahia ,blanca1 ! ,bizca*a is n f\nd1 ! ,ag\ti burr[s = itself4 ,! same ?+ occurs ) ! little owl ( ! ,pampas 7,a!ne cunicul>ia71 :i* has s (t5 be5 describ$ z /&+ l a s5t9el at ! m\? ( ! burr[s2 = 9 ,b&a ,ori5tal1 ow+ to ! abs5ce ( ! ,bizca*a1 x is oblig$ to holl[ out its own habitation4 ,! next morn+1 z we approa*$ ! ,rio ,colorado1 ! appe>ance ( ! c\ntry *ang$2 we soon came on a pla9 cov]$ ) turf1 :i*1 f its fl[]s1 tall clov]1 & little owls1 resembl$ ! ,pampas4 ,we pass$ also a muddy swamp ( consid]able ext5t1 :i* 9 summ] dries1 & becomes incru/$ ) v>i\s salts2 & h5ce is call$ a salitral4 ,x 0 cov]$ by l[ succul5t plants1 ( ! same k9d ) ^? gr[+ on ! sea-%ore4 ,! ,colorado1 at ! pass :]e we cross$ x1 is only ab\t sixty y>ds wide2 g5]ally x mu/ be ne>ly d\ble t wid?4 ,its c\rse is v tortu\s1 be+ m>k$ by will[-trees & b$s ( re$s3 9 a direct l9e ! di/ance to ! m\? ( ! riv] is said to be n9e leagues1 b by wat] tw5ty-five4 ,we 7 delay$ cross+ 9 ! canoe by "s imm5se troops ( m>es1 :i* 7 swimm+ ! riv] 9 ord] to foll[ a division ( troops into ! int]ior4 ,a m ludicr\s spectacle ,i nev] beheld ?an ! hundr$s & hundr$s ( heads1 all direct$ "o way1 ) po9t$ e>s & di/5d$ snort+ no/rils1 appe>+ j above ! wat] l a great %oal ( "s amphibi\s animal4 ,m>e's fle% is ! only food :i* ! soldi]s h :5 on an exp$ition4 ,?is gives !m a great facility ( movem5t2 = ! di/ance to :i* horses c be driv5 ov] ^! pla9s is q surpris+3 ,i h be5 assur$ t an unload$ horse c travel a hundr$ miles a day = _m days successively4 ,! encampm5t ( ,g5]al ,rosas 0 close to ! riv]4 ,x consi/$ ( a squ>e =m$ by waggons1 artill]y1 /raw huts1 etc4 ,! soldi]s 7 ne>ly all cavalry2 & ,i %\ld ?9k su* a villa9\s1 b&itti-l army 0 nev] be=e collect$ toge!r4 ,! great] numb] ( m5 7 ( a mix$ bre$1 betwe5 ,negro1 ,indian1 & ,spani>d4 ,i "k n ! reason1 b m5 ( su* orig9 seldom h a good expression ( c\nt5ance4 ,i call$ on ! ,secret>y to %[ my passport4 ,he began to cross-"q me 9 ! mo/ dignifi$ & my/]i\s mann]4 ,by good luck ,i _h a lett] ( recomm5dation f ! gov]nm5t ( ,bu5os ,ayres #e to ! comm&ant ( ,patagones4 ,?is 0 tak5 to ,g5]al ,rosas1 :o s5t me a v oblig+ message2 & ! ,secret>y return$ all smiles & graci\sness4 ,we took up our resid5ce 9 ! ran*o1 or hovel1 ( a curi\s old ,spani>d1 :o _h s]v$ ) ,napoleon 9 ! exp$ition aga9/ ,russia4 ,we /ay$ two days at ! ,colorado2 ,i _h little to d1 = ! surr\nd+ c\ntry 0 a swamp1 :i* 9 summ] 7,decemb]71 :5 ! sn[ melts on ! ,cordill]a1 is ov]-fl[$ by ! riv]4 ,my *ief amusem5t 0 wat*+ ! ,indian families z !y came to buy little articles at ! ran*o :]e we /ay$4 ,x 0 suppos$ t ,g5]al ,rosas _h ab\t six hundr$ ,indian allies4 ,! m5 7 a tall1 f9e race1 yet x 0 aft]w>ds easy to see 9 ! ,fuegian savage ! same c\nt5ance r5d]$ hide\s by cold1 want ( food1 & less civilization4 ,"s au?ors1 9 def9+ ! prim>y races ( mank9d1 h sep>at$ ^! ,indians into two classes2 b ?is is c]ta9ly incorrect4 ,among ! "y wom5 or *9as1 "s des]ve to be call$ ev5 beautiful4 ,_! hair 0 co>se1 b bright & black2 & !y wore x 9 two plaits hang+ d[n to ! wai/4 ,!y _h a high col\r1 & eyes t gli/5$ ) brilliancy2 _! legs1 feet1 & arms 7 small & elegantly =m$2 _! ankles1 & sometimes _! wri/s1 7 ornam5t$ by broad bracelets ( blue beads4 ,no?+ c\ld be m int]e/+ ?an "s ( ! family gr\ps4 ,a "m ) "o or two daught]s w\ld (t5 come to our ran*o1 m\nt$ on ! same horse4 ,!y ride l m51 b ) _! knees tuck$ up mu* high]4 ,?is habit1 p]haps1 arises f _! be+ accu/om$1 :5 travell+1 to ride ! load$ horses4 ,! duty ( ! wom5 is to load & unload ! horses2 to make ! t5ts = ! night2 9 %ort to be1 l ! wives ( all savages1 useful slaves4 ,! m5 fight1 hunt1 take c>e ( ! horses1 & make ! rid+ ge>4 ,"o ( _! *ief indoor occupations is to knock two /ones toge!r till !y become r\nd1 9 ord] to make ! bolas4 ,) ?is important weapon ! ,indian cat*es 8 game1 & also 8 horse1 :i* roams free ov] ! pla94 ,9 fight+1 8 fir/ attempt is to ?r[ d[n ! horse ( 8 adv]s>y ) ! bolas1 & :5 entangl$ by ! fall to kill him ) ! *uzo4 ,if ! balls only cat* ! neck or body ( an animal1 !y are (t5 c>ri$ away & lo/4 ,z ! mak+ ! /ones r\nd is ! lab\r ( two days1 ! manufacture ( ! balls is a v common employm5t4 ,sev]al ( ! m5 & wom5 _h _! faces pa9t$ r$1 b ,i nev] saw ! horizontal b&s :i* are s common among ! ,fuegians4 ,_! *ief pride consi/s 9 hav+ ev]y?+ made ( silv]2 ,i h se5 a cacique ) 8 spurs1 /irrups1 h&le ( 8 knife1 & bridle made ( ?is metal3 ! head-/all & re9s be+ ( wire1 7 n ?ick] ?an :ipcord2 & to see a fi]y /e$ :eel+ ab\t "u ! comm& ( s light a *a91 gave to ! horseman%ip a rem>kable "* ( elegance4 ,g5]al ,rosas intimat$ a wi% to see me2 a circum/ance :i* ,i 0 aft]w>ds v glad (4 ,he is a man ( an extraord9>y "*1 & has a mo/ pr$om9ant influ5ce 9 ! c\ntry1 :i* x seems he w use to its prosp]ity & advancem5t4 #f ,he is said to be ! own] ( sev5ty-f\r squ>e leagues ( l&1 & to h ab\t ?ree hundr$ ?\s& head ( cattle4 ,8 e/ates are admirably manag$1 & are f> m productive ( corn ?an ^? ( o!rs4 ,he fir/ ga9$ 8 celebrity by 8 laws = 8 own e/ancias1 & by discipl9+ sev]al hundr$ m51 s z to resi/ ) success ! attacks ( ! ,indians4 ,!re are _m /ories curr5t ab\t ! rigid mann] 9 :i* 8 laws 7 en=c$4 ,"o ( ^! 01 t no man1 on p5alty ( be+ put into ! /ocks1 %\ld c>ry 8 knife on a ,sunday3 ?is be+ ! pr9cipal day = gambl+ & dr9k+1 _m qu>rels arose1 :i* f ! g5]al mann] ( fight+ ) ! knife (t5 prov$ fatal4 ,"o ,sunday ! ,gov]nor came 9 great =m to pay ! e/ancia a visit1 & ,g5]al ,rosas1 9 8 hurry1 walk$ out to receive him ) 8 knife1 z usual1 /uck 9 8 belt4 ,! /ew>d t\*$ 8 arm1 & rem9d$ him ( ! law2 ^u :i* turn+ to ! ,gov]nor1 he said he 0 extremely sorry1 b t he mu/ g into ! /ocks1 & t till let out1 he possess$ no p[] ev5 9 8 own h\se4 ,aft] a little "t ! /ew>d 0 p]suad$ to op5 ! /ocks1 & to let him out1 b no soon] 0 ?is done1 ?an he turn$ to ! /ew>d & said1 ,y n[ h brok5 ! laws1 s y mu/ take my place 9 ! /ocks4 ,su* actions z ^! delight$ ! ,gau*os1 :o all possess high notions ( _! own equality & dignity4 ,g5]al ,rosas is also a p]fect horseman--an accompli%m5t ( no small consequ5ce ,9 a c\ntry :]e an assembl$ army elect$ its g5]al by ! foll[+ trial3 ,a troop ( unbrok5 horses be+ driv5 into a corral1 7 let out ?r\gh a gateway1 above :i* 0 a cross-b>3 x 0 agre$ :oev] %\ld drop f ! b> on "o ( ^! wild animals1 z x ru%$ out1 & %\ld be able1 )\t saddle or bridle1 n only to ride x1 b also to br+ x back to ! door ( ! corral1 %\ld be _! g5]al4 ,! p]son :o succe$$ 0 accord+ly elect$2 & d\btless made a fit g5]al = su* an army4 ,?is extraord9>y feat has also be5 p]=m$ by ,rosas4 ,by ^! means1 & by con=m+ to ! dress & habits ( ! ,gau*os1 he has obta9$ an unb\nd$ popul>ity 9 ! c\ntry1 & 9 consequ5ce a despotic p[]4 ,i 0 assur$ by an ,engli% m]*ant1 t a man :o _h murd]$ ano!r1 :5 arre/$ & que/ion$ conc]n+ 8 motive1 answ]$1 ,he spoke disrespectfully ( ,g5]al ,rosas1 s ,i kill$ him4 ,at ! end ( a week ! murd]] 0 at lib]ty4 ,?is d\btless 0 ! act ( ! g5]al's p>ty1 & n ( ! g5]al himself4 ,9 conv]sation he is en?usia/ic1 s5sible1 & v grave4 ,8 gravity is c>ri$ to a high pit*3 ,i he>d "o ( 8 mad buffoons 7= he keeps two1 l ! b>ons ( old7 relate ! foll[+ anecdote4 ,i want$ v mu* to he> a c]ta9 piece ( music1 s ,i w5t to ! g5]al two or ?ree times to ask him2 he said to me1 ',g ab\t y\r bus9ess1 = ,i am engag$4' ,i w5t a second "t2 he said1 ',if y come aga9 ,i w puni% y4' ,a ?ird "t ,i ask$1 & he laugh$4 ,i ru%$ out ( ! t5t1 b x 0 too late--he ord]$ two soldi]s to cat* & /ake me4 ,i begg$ by all ! sa9ts 9 heav5 he w\ld let me (f2 b x w\ld n d1--:5 ! g5]al laughs he sp>es nei!r mad man nor s\nd4 ,! poor flighty g5tleman look$ q dolor\s1 at ! v recollection ( ! /ak+4 ,?is is a v sev]e puni%m5t2 f\r po/s are driv5 into ! gr\nd1 & ! man is ext5d$ by 8 arms & legs horizontally1 & !re left to /ret* = sev]al h\rs4 ,! idea is evid5tly tak5 f ! usual me?od ( dry+ hides4 ,my int]view pass$ away1 )\t a smile1 & ,i obta9$ a passport & ord] = ! gov]nm5t po/-horses1 & ?is he gave me 9 ! mo/ oblig+ & ready mann]4 ,9 ! morn+ we />t$ = ,bahia ,blanca1 :i* we rea*$ 9 two days4 ,leav+ ! regul> encampm5t1 we pass$ by ! toldos ( ! ,indians4 ,^! are r\nd l ov5s1 & cov]$ ) hides2 by ! m\? ( ea*1 a tap]+ *uzo 0 /uck 9 ! gr\nd4 ,! toldos 7 divid$ into sep>ate gr\ps1 :i* belong to ! diff]5t caciques' tribes1 & ! gr\ps 7 aga9 divid$ into small] ones1 accord+ to ! relation%ip ( ! own]s4 ,= sev]al miles we travell$ along ! valley ( ! ,colorado4 ,! alluvial pla9s on ! side appe>$ f]tile1 & x is suppos$ t !y are well adapt$ to ! gr[? ( corn4 ,turn+ nor?w>d f ! riv]1 we soon ent]$ on a c\ntry1 diff]+ f ! pla9s s\? ( ! riv]4 ,! l& /ill cont9u$ dry & /]ile3 b x support$ _m diff]5t k9ds ( plants1 & ! grass1 ?\gh br[n & )]$1 0 m abundant1 z ! ?orny bu%es 7 less s4 ,^! latt] 9 a %ort space entirely disappe>$1 & ! pla9s 7 left )\t a ?icket to cov] _! nak$ness4 ,?is *ange 9 ! vegetation m>ks ! comm5cem5t ( ! gr& calc>eo argillace\s deposit1 :i* =ms ! wide ext5t ( ! ,pampas1 & cov]s ! granitic rocks ( ,b&a ,ori5tal4 ,f ! ,/rait ( ,magellan to ! ,colorado1 a di/ance ( ab\t eight hundr$ miles1 ! face ( ! c\ntry is ev]y:]e compos$ ( %+le3 ! pebbles are *iefly ( porphyry1 & probably owe _! orig9 to ! rocks ( ! ,cordill]a4 ,nor? ( ! ,colorado ?is b$ ?9s out1 & ! pebbles become exce$+ly small1 & "h ! *>act]i/ic vegetation ( ,patagonia ceases4 ,hav+ ridd5 ab\t tw5ty-five miles1 we came to a broad belt ( s&-dunes1 :i* /ret*es1 z f> z ! eye c rea*1 to ! ea/ & we/4 ,! s&-hillocks re/+ on ! clay1 all[ small pools ( wat] to collect1 & ?us af=d 9 ?is dry c\ntry an invaluable supply ( fre% wat]4 ,! great advantage aris+ f depressions & elevations ( ! soil1 is n (t5 br\ght home to ! m9d4 ,! two mis]able spr+s 9 ! long passage betwe5 ! ,rio ,negro & ,colorado 7 caus$ by trifl+ inequalities 9 ! pla91 )\t !m n a drop ( wat] w\ld h be5 f\nd4 ,! belt ( s&-dunes is ab\t eight miles wide2 at "s =m] p]iod1 x probably =m$ ! m>g9 ( a gr& e/u>y1 :]e ! ,colorado n[ fl[s4 ,9 ?is di/rict1 :]e absolute pro(s ( ! rec5t elevation ( ! l& occur1 su* speculations c h>dly be neglect$ by any "o1 al?\gh m]ely consid]+ ! physical geography ( ! c\ntry4 ,hav+ cross$ ! s&y tract1 we arriv$ 9 ! ev5+ at "o ( ! po/-h\ses2 &1 z ! fre% horses 7 graz+ at a di/ance we det]m9$ to pass ! night !re4 ,! h\se 0 situat$ at ! base ( a ridge betwe5 "o & two hundr$ feet high--a mo/ rem>kable feature 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,?is po/a 0 comm&$ by a negro lieut5ant1 born 9 ,africa3 to 8 cr$it be x said1 !re 0 n a ran*e betwe5 ! ,colorado & ,bu5os ,ayres 9 ne>ly su* neat ord] z 84 ,he _h a little room = /rang]s1 & a small corral = ! horses1 all made ( /icks & re$s2 he _h also dug a dit* r\nd 8 h\se z a def5ce 9 case ( be+ attack$4 ,?is w\ld1 h[ev]1 h be5 ( little avail1 if ! ,indians _h come2 b 8 *ief com=t seem$ to re/ 9 ! ?\ght ( sell+ 8 life de>ly4 ,a %ort "t be=e1 a body ( ,indians _h travell$ pa/ 9 ! night2 if !y _h be5 aw>e ( ! po/a1 our black fri5d & 8 f\r soldi]s w\ld assur$ly h be5 slaught]$4 ,i did n any:]e meet a m civil & oblig+ man ?an ?is negro2 x 0 !re=e ! m pa9ful to see t he w\ld n sit d[n & eat ) u4 ,9 ! morn+ we s5t = ! horses v e>ly1 & />t$ = ano!r exhil>at+ gallop4 ,we pass$ ! ,cabeza del ,buey1 an old "n giv5 to ! head ( a l>ge m>%1 :i* ext5ds f ,bahia ,blanca4 ,"h we *ang$ horses1 & pass$ ?r\gh "s leagues ( swamps & sal9e m>%es4 ,*ang+ horses = ! la/ "t1 we aga9 began wad+ ?r\gh ! mud4 ,my animal fell & ,i 0 well s\s$ 9 black mire--a v disagreeable accid5t :5 "o does n possess a *ange ( clo!s4 ,"s miles f ! =t we met a man1 :o told u t a great gun _h be5 fir$1 :i* is a signal t ,indians are ne>4 ,we imm$iately left ! road1 & foll[$ ! edge ( a m>%1 :i* :5 *as$ (f]s ! be/ mode ( escape4 ,we 7 glad to arrive )9 ! walls1 :5 we f\nd all ! al>m 0 ab\t no?+1 = ! ,indians turn$ out to be fri5dly ones1 :o wi%$ to jo9 ,g5]al ,rosas4 ,bahia ,blanca sc>cely des]ves ! "n ( a village4 ,a few h\ses & ! b>racks = ! troops are enclos$ by a deep dit* & =tifi$ wall4 ,! settlem5t is only ( rec5t /&+ 7s9ce #ahbh72 & its gr[? has be5 "o ( tr\ble4 ,! gov]nm5t ( ,bu5os ,ayres unju/ly occupi$ x by =ce1 in/ead ( foll[+ ! wise example ( ! ,spani% ,vic]oys1 :o pur*as$ ! l& ne> ! old] settlem5t ( ! ,rio ,negro1 f ! ,indians4 ,h5ce ! ne$ ( ! =tifications2 h5ce ! few h\ses & little cultivat$ l& )\t ! limits ( ! walls2 ev5 ! cattle are n safe f ! attacks ( ! ,indians beyond ! b\nd>ies ( ! pla91 on :i* ! =tress /&s4 ,! "p ( ! h>b\r :]e ! ,beagle int5d$ to an*or be+ di/ant tw5ty-five miles1 ,i obta9$ f ! ,comm&ant a guide & horses1 to take me to see :e!r %e _h arriv$4 ,leav+ ! pla9 ( gre5 turf1 :i* ext5d$ along ! c\rse ( a little brook1 we soon ent]$ on a wide level wa/e consi/+ ei!r ( s&1 sal9e m>%es1 or b>e mud4 ,"s p>ts 7 clo!d by l[ ?ickets1 & o!rs ) ^? succul5t plants1 :i* luxuriate only :]e salt ab\nds4 ,bad z ! c\ntry 01 o/ri*es1 de]1 ag\tis1 & armadilloes1 7 abundant4 ,my guide told me1 t two mon?s be=e he _h a mo/ n>r[ escape ( 8 life3 he 0 out hunt+ ) two o!r m51 at no great di/ance f ?is "p ( ! c\ntry1 :5 !y 7 sudd5ly met by a p>ty ( ,indians1 :o giv+ *ase1 soon ov]took & kill$ 8 two fri5ds4 ,8 own horse's legs 7 also caught by ! bolas1 b he jump$ (f1 & ) 8 knife cut !m free3 :ile do+ ?is he 0 oblig$ to dodge r\nd 8 horse1 & receiv$ two sev]e w\nds f _! *uzos4 ,spr++ on ! saddle1 he manag$1 by a mo/ wond]ful ex]tion1 j to keep ahead ( ! long spe>s ( 8 pursu]s1 :o foll[$ him to )9 sight ( ! =t4 ,f t "t !re 0 an ord] t no "o %\ld /ray f> f ! settlem5t4 ,i did n "k ( ?is :5 ,i />t$1 & 0 surpris$ to obs]ve h[ e>ne/ly my guide wat*$ a de]1 :i* appe>$ to h be5 fright5$ f a di/ant qu>t]4 ,we f\nd ! ,beagle _h n arriv$1 & consequ5tly set out on our return1 b ! horses soon tir+1 we 7 oblig$ to biv\ac on ! pla94 ,9 ! morn+ we _h caught an armadillo1 :i* al?\gh a mo/ excell5t di% :5 roa/$ 9 its %ell1 did n make a v sub/antial breakfa/ & d9n] = two hungry m54 ,! gr\nd at ! place :]e we /opp$ = ! night1 0 incru/$ ) a lay] ( sulphate ( soda1 & h5ce1 ( c\rse1 0 )\t wat]4 ,yet _m ( ! small] rod5ts manag$ to exi/ ev5 "h1 & ! tucutuco 0 mak+ its odd little grunt b5ea? my head1 dur+ half ! night4 ,our horses 7 v poor ones1 & 9 ! morn+ !y 7 soon exhau/$ f n hav+ _h any?+ to dr9k1 s t we 7 oblig$ to walk4 ,ab\t noon ! dogs kill$ a kid1 :i* we roa/$4 ,i ate "s ( x1 b x made me intol]ably ?ir/y4 ,?is 0 ! m di/ress+ z ! road1 f "s rec5t ra91 0 full ( little puddles ( cle> wat]1 yet n a drop 0 dr9kable4 ,i _h sc>cely be5 tw5ty h\rs )\t wat]1 & only "p ( ! "t "u a hot sun1 yet ! ?ir/ r5d]$ me v weak4 ,h[ p survive two or ?ree days "u su* circum/ances1 ,i _c imag9e3 at ! same "t1 ,i mu/ confess t my guide did n suff] at all1 & 0 a/oni%$ t "o day's deprivation %\ld be s tr\blesome to me4 ,i h sev]al times allud$ to ! surface ( ! gr\nd be+ incru/$ ) salt4 ,?is ph5om5on is q diff]5t f t ( ! sal9as1 & m extraord9>y4 ,9 _m p>ts ( ,s\? ,am]ica1 :]ev] ! climate is mod]ately dry1 ^! incru/ations occur2 b ,i h n[h]e se5 !m s abundant z ne> ,bahia ,blanca4 ,! salt "h1 & 9 o!r p>ts ( ,patagonia1 consi/s *iefly ( sulphate ( soda ) "s common salt4 ,z long z ! gr\nd rema9s moi/ 9 ! salitrales 7z ! ,spani>ds improp]ly call !m1 mi/ak+ ?is sub/ance = saltpet]71 no?+ is to be se5 b an ext5sive pla9 compos$ ( a black1 muddy soil1 support+ scatt]$ tufts ( succul5t plants4 ,on return+ ?r\gh "o ( ^! tracts1 aft] a week's hot wea!r1 "o is surpris$ to see squ>e miles ( ! pla9 :ite1 z if f a slight fall ( sn[1 "h & !re heap$ up by ! w9d into little drifts4 ,?is latt] appe>ance is *iefly caus$ by ! salts be+ drawn up1 dur+ ! sl[ evaporation ( ! moi/ure1 r\nd blades ( dead grass1 /umps ( wood1 & pieces ( brok5 e>?1 in/ead ( be+ cry/alliz$ at ! bottoms ( ! puddles ( wat]4 ,! salitrales occur ei!r on level tracts elevat$ only a few feet above ! level ( ! sea1 or on alluvial l& bord]+ riv]s4 ,m4 ,p>*appe #g f\nd t ! sal9e incru/ation on ! pla91 at ! di/ance ( "s miles f ! sea1 consi/$ *iefly ( sulphate ( soda1 ) only sev5 p] c5t4 ( common salt2 :il/ ne>] to ! coa/1 ! common salt increas$ to #cg p>ts 9 a hundr$4 ,?is circum/ance w\ld tempt "o to believe t ! sulphate ( soda is g5]at$ 9 ! soil1 f ! muriate1 left on ! surface dur+ ! sl[ & rec5t elevation ( ?is dry c\ntry4 ,! :ole ph5om5on is well wor?y ! att5tion ( naturali/s4 ,h ! succul5t1 salt-lov+ plants1 :i* are well kn[n to conta9 mu* soda1 ! p[] ( decompos+ ! muriate8 ,does ! black fetid mud1 ab\nd+ ) organic matt]1 yield ! sulphur & ultimately ! sulphuric acid8 ,two days aft]w>ds ,i aga9 rode to ! h>b\r3 :5 n f> f our de/9ation1 my companion1 ! same man z be=e1 spi$ ?ree p hunt+ on horseback4 ,he imm$iately dism\nt$1 & wat*+ !m int5tly1 said1 ,!y don't ride l ,*ri/ians1 & nobody c leave ! =t4 ,! ?ree hunt]s jo9$ company1 & likewise dism\nt$ f _! horses4 ,at la/ "o m\nt$ aga9 & rode ov] ! hill out ( sight4 ,my companion said1 ,we mu/ n[ get on our horses3 load y\r pi/ol2 & he look$ to 8 own sword4 ,i ask$1 ,are !y ,indians8--,qui5 sabe8 7:o kn[s87 if !re are no m ?an ?ree1 x does n signify4 ,x !n /ruck me1 t ! "o man _h gone ov] ! hill to fet* ! re/ ( 8 tribe4 ,i sugge/$ ?is2 b all ! answ] ,i c\ld extort 01 ,qui5 sabe8 ,8 head & eye nev] = a m9ute ceas$ scann+ sl[ly ! di/ant horizon4 ,i ?\ght 8 uncommon coolness too good a joke1 & ask$ him :y he did n return home4 ,i 0 />tl$ :5 he answ]$1 ,we are return+1 b 9 a l9e s z to pass ne> a swamp1 into :i* we c gallop ! horses z f> z !y c g1 & !n tru/ to our own legs2 s t !re is no dang]4 ,i did n feel q s confid5t ( ?is1 & want$ to increase our pace4 ,he said1 ,no1 n until !y d4 ,:5 any little inequality conceal$ u1 we gallop$2 b :5 9 sight1 cont9u$ walk+4 ,at la/ we rea*$ a valley1 & turn+ to ! left1 gallop$ quickly to ! foot ( a hill2 he gave me 8 horse to hold1 made ! dogs lie d[n1 & !n crawl$ on 8 h&s & knees to reconnoitre4 ,he rema9$ 9 ?is position = "s "t1 & at la/1 bur/+ out 9 laught]1 exclaim$1 ,mug]es6 7wom5674 ,he knew !m to be ! wife & si/]-9-law ( ! major's son1 hunt+ = o/ri*'s eggs4 ,i h describ$ ?is man's conduct1 because he act$ "u ! full impression t !y 7 ,indians4 ,z soon1 h[ev]1 z ! absurd mi/ake 0 f\nd out1 he gave me a hundr$ reasons :y !y c\ld n h be5 ,indians2 b all ^! 7 =gott5 at ! "t4 ,we !n rode on 9 peace & quietness to a l[ po9t call$ ,punta ,alta1 :5ce we c\ld see ne>ly ! :ole ( ! great h>b\r ( ,bahia ,blanca4 ,! wide expanse ( wat] is *ok$ up by num]\s great mud-banks1 :i* ! inhabitants call ,cangrejales1 or crabb]ies1 f ! numb] ( small crabs4 ,! mud is s s(t t x is impossible to walk ov] !m1 ev5 = ! %orte/ di/ance4 ,_m ( ! banks h _! surfaces cov]$ ) long ru%es1 ! tops ( :i* alone are visible at high wat]4 ,on "o occasion1 :5 9 a boat1 we 7 s entangl$ by ^! %all[s t we c\ld h>dly f9d our way4 ,no?+ 0 visible b ! flat b$s ( mud2 ! day 0 n v cle>1 & !re 0 mu* refraction1 or z ! sailors express$ x1 ?+s loom$ high4 ,! only object )9 our view :i* 0 n level 0 ! horizon2 ru%es look$ l bu%es unsupport$ 9 ! air1 & wat] l mud-banks1 & mud-banks l wat]4 ,we pass$ ! night 9 ,punta ,alta1 & ,i employ$ myself 9 se>*+ = fossil bones2 ?is po9t be+ a p]fect catacomb = mon/]s ( ext9ct races4 ,! ev5+ 0 p]fectly calm & cle>2 ! extreme monotony ( ! view gave x an int]e/ ev5 9 ! mid/ ( mud-banks & gulls s&-hillocks & solit>y vultures4 ,9 rid+ back 9 ! morn+ we came across a v fre% track ( a ,puma1 b did n succe$ 9 f9d+ x4 ,we saw also a c\ple ( ,zorillos1 or skunks1--odi\s animals1 :i* are f> f uncommon4 ,9 g5]al appe>ance1 ! ,zorillo resembles a polecat1 b x is r l>g]1 & mu* ?ick] 9 proportion4 ,consci\s ( its p[]1 x roams by day ab\t ! op5 pla91 & fe>s nei!r dog nor man4 ,if a dog is urg$ to ! attack1 its c\rage is in/antly *eck$ by a few drops ( ! fetid oil1 :i* br+s on viol5t sickness & runn+ at ! nose4 ,:atev] is once pollut$ by x1 is = ev] useless4 ,az>a says ! smell c be p]ceiv$ at a league di/ant2 m ?an once1 :5 ent]+ ! h>b\r ( ,monte ,video1 ! w9d be+ (f %ore1 we h p]ceiv$ ! od\r on bo>d ! ,beagle4 ,c]ta9 x is1 t e animal mo/ will+ly makes room = ! ,zorillo4 #a ,! corral is an enclosure made ( tall & /rong /akes4 ,e e/ancia1 or f>m+ e/ate1 has "o atta*$ to x4 #b ,! hovels ( ! ,indians are ?us call$4 #c ,report ( ! ,agricult4 ,*em4 ,assoc4 9 ! ,agricult4 ,gazette1 #ahde1 p4 #ic4 #d ,l9naean ,trans41 vol4 xi4 p4 #bje4 ,x is rem>kable h[ all ! circum/ances connect$ ) ! salt-lakes 9 ,sib]ia & ,patagonia are simil>4 ,sib]ia1 l ,patagonia1 appe>s to h be5 rec5tly elevat$ above ! wat]s ( ! sea4 ,9 bo? c\ntries ! salt-lakes occupy %all[ depressions 9 ! pla9s2 9 bo? ! mud on ! bord]s is black & fetid2 b5ea? ! cru/ ( common salt1 sulphate ( soda or ( magnesium occurs1 imp]fectly cry/alliz$2 & 9 bo?1 ! muddy s& is mix$ ) l5tils ( gypsum4 ,! ,sib]ian salt-lakes are inhabit$ by small cru/ace\s animals2 & flam+oes 7,ed94 ,new ,philos4 ,j\r41 ,jan #ahcj7 likewise frequ5t !m4 ,z ^! circum/ances1 app>5tly s trifl+1 occur 9 two di/ant cont95ts1 we may feel sure t !y are ! necess>y results ( a common cause--,see ,pallas's ,travels1 #agic to #agid1 pp4 #abi - #acd4 #e ,i am b\nd to express 9 ! /ronge/ t]ms1 my obligation to ! gov]nm5t ( ,bu5os ,ayres = ! oblig+ mann] 9 :i* passports to all p>ts ( ! c\ntry 7 giv5 me1 z naturali/ ( ! ,beagle4 #f ,?is prophecy has turn$ out entirely & mis]ably wrong4 #ahde4 #g ,voyage dans l',am]ique ,m]id4 p> ,m4 ,a4 d',orbigny4 ,"p4 ,hi/4 tom4 i4 p4 #ffd4 ,,*apt] ,v ,,bahia ,,blanca ,bahia ,blanca--,geology--,num]\s gigantic ,quadrup$s--,rec5t ,ext9ction--,longevity ( species--,l>ge ,animals d n require a luxuriant vegetation--,s\!rn ,africa--,sib]ian ,fossils--,two ,species ( ,o/ri*--,habits ( ,ov5-bird--,armadilloes--,v5om\s ,snake1 ,toad1 ,liz>d--,hyb]nation ( ,animal--,habits ( ,sea-,p5--,indian ,w>s & ,massacres--,arr[-head1 antiqu>ian ,relic4 ,! ,beagle arriv$ "h on ! #bd? ( ,augu/1 & a week aft]w>ds sail$ = ! ,plata4 ,) ,capta9 ,fitz ,roy's cons5t ,i 0 left beh9d1 to travel by l& to ,bu5os ,ayres4 ,i w "h add "s obs]vations1 :i* 7 made dur+ ?is visit & on a previ\s occasion1 :5 ! ,beagle 0 employ$ 9 survey+ ! h>b\r4 ,! pla91 at ! di/ance ( a few miles f ! coa/1 belongs to ! great ,pampean =mation1 :i* consi/s 9 "p ( a r$di% clay1 & 9 "p ( a highly calc>e\s m>ly rock4 ,ne>] ! coa/ !re are "s pla9s =m$ f ! wreck ( ! upp] pla91 & f mud1 gravel1 & s& ?r[n up by ! sea dur+ ! sl[ elevation ( ! l&1 ( :i* elevation we h evid5ce 9 uprais$ b$s ( rec5t %ells1 & 9 r\nd$ pebbles ( pumice scatt]$ ov] ! c\ntry4 ,at ,punta ,alta we h a section ( "o ( ^! lat]-=m$ little pla9s1 :i* is highly int]e/+ f ! numb] & extraord9>y "* ( ! rema9s ( gigantic l&-animals emb$d$ 9 x4 ,^! h be5 fully describ$ by ,pr(essor ,ow51 9 ! ,zoology ( ! voyage ( ! ,beagle1 & are deposit$ 9 ! ,college ( ,surgeons4 ,i w "h give only a brief outl9e ( _! nature4 ,fir/1 p>ts ( ?ree heads & o!r bones ( ! ,mega!rium1 ! huge dim5sions ( :i* are express$ by its "n4 ,secondly1 ! ,megalonyx1 a great alli$ animal4 ,?irdly1 ! ,scelido!rium1 also an alli$ animal1 ( :i* ,i obta9$ a ne>ly p]fect skeleton4 ,x mu/ h be5 z l>ge z a rh9oc]os3 9 ! /ructure ( its head x comes accord+ to ,mr4 ,ow51 ne>e/ to ! ,cape ,anteat]1 b 9 "s o!r respects x approa*es to ! armadilloes4 ,f\r?ly1 ! ,mylodon ,d>w9ii1 a closely relat$ g5us ( little inf]ior size4 ,fif?ly1 ano!r gigantic ed5tal quadrup$4 ,six?ly1 a l>ge animal1 ) an osse\s coat 9 comp>tm5ts1 v l t ( an armadillo4 ,sev5?ly1 an ext9ct k9d ( horse1 to :i* ,i %all h aga9 to ref]4 ,eigh?ly1 a too? ( a ,pa*yd]mat\s animal1 probably ! same ) ! ,macrau*5ia1 a huge bea/ ) a long neck l a camel1 :i* ,i %all also ref] to aga94 ,la/ly1 ! ,toxodon1 p]haps "o ( ! /range/ animals ev] discov]$3 9 size x equall$ an elephant or mega!rium1 b ! /ructure ( its tee?1 z ,mr4 ,ow5 /ates1 proves indisputably t x 0 intimately relat$ to ! ,gnaw]s1 ! ord] :i*1 at ! pres5t day1 includes mo/ ( ! smalle/ quadrup$s3 9 _m details x is alli$ to ! ,pa*yd]mata3 judg+ f ! position ( its eyes1 e>s1 & no/rils1 x 0 probably aquatic1 l ! ,dugong & ,manatee1 to :i* x is also alli$4 ,h[ wond]fully are ! diff]5t ,ord]s1 at ! pres5t "t s well sep>at$1 bl5d$ toge!r 9 diff]5t po9ts ( ! /ructure ( ! ,toxodon6 ,! rema9s ( ^! n9e great quadrup$s1 & _m deta*$ bones1 7 f\nd emb$d$ on ! bea*1 )9 ! space ( ab\t #bjj y>ds squ>e4 ,x is a rem>kable circum/ance t s _m diff]5t species %\ld be f\nd toge!r2 & x proves h[ num]\s 9 k9d ! anci5t inhabitants ( ?is c\ntry mu/ h be54 ,at ! di/ance ( ab\t ?irty miles f ,punta ,alta1 9 a cliff ( r$ e>?1 ,i f\nd sev]al fragm5ts ( bones1 "s ( l>ge size4 ,among !m 7 ! tee? ( a gnaw]1 equall+ 9 size & closely resembl+ ^? ( ! ,capyb>a1 ^: habits h be5 describ$2 & !re=e1 probably1 an aquatic animal4 ,!re 0 also "p ( ! head ( a ,ct5omys2 ! species be+ diff]5t f ! ,tucutuco1 b ) a close g5]al resemblance4 ,! r$ e>?1 l t ( ! ,pampas1 9 :i* ^! rema9s 7 emb$d$1 conta9s1 accord+ to ,pr(essor ,ehr5b]g1 eight fre%-wat] & "o salt-wat] infusorial animalcule2 !re=e1 probably1 x 0 an e/u>y deposit4 ,! rema9s at ,punta ,alta 7 emb$d$ 9 /ratifi$ gravel & r$di% mud1 j su* z ! sea might n[ wa% up on a %all[ bank4 ,!y 7 associat$ ) tw5ty-?ree species ( %ells1 ( :i* ?irte5 are rec5t & f\r o!rs v closely relat$ to rec5t =ms4 #a ,f ! bones ( ! ,scelido!rium1 includ+ ev5 ! knee-cap1 be+ intomb$ 9 _! prop] relative positions1 & f ! osse\s arm\r ( ! great armadillo-l animal be+ s well pres]v$1 toge!r ) ! bones ( "o ( its legs1 we may feel assur$ t ^! rema9s 7 fre% & unit$ by _! ligam5ts1 :5 deposit$ 9 ! gravel toge!r ) ! %ells4 #b ,h5ce we h good evid5ce t ! above enum]at$ gigantic quadrup$s1 m diff]5t f ^? ( ! pres5t day ?an ! olde/ ( ! t]ti>y quadrup$s ( ,europe1 liv$ :il/ ! sea 0 peopl$ ) mo/ ( its pres5t inhabitants2 & we h confirm$ t rem>kable law s (t5 insi/$ on by ,mr4 ,lyell1 namely1 t ! longevity ( ! species 9 ! mammalia is ^u ! :ole inf]ior to t ( ! te/acea4 #c ,! great size ( ! bones ( ! ,mega!roid animals1 includ+ ! ,mega!rium1 ,megalonyx1 ,scelido!rium1 & ,mylodon1 is truly wond]ful4 ,! habits ( life ( ^! animals 7 a complete puzzle to naturali/s1 until ,pr(essor ,ow5 #d solv$ ! problem ) rem>kable +5uity4 ,! tee? indicate1 by _! simple /ructure1 t ^! ,mega!roid animals liv$ on vegetable food1 & probably on ! leaves & small twigs ( trees2 _! pond]\s =ms & great /rong curv$ claws seem s little adapt$ = locomotion1 t "s em95t naturali/s h actually believ$1 t1 l ! slo?s1 to :i* !y are intimately relat$1 !y subsi/$ by climb+ back d[nw>ds on trees1 & fe$+ on ! leaves4 ,x 0 a bold1 n to say prepo/]\s1 idea to conceive ev5 ant$iluvian trees1 ) bran*es /rong en\gh to be> animals z l>ge z elephants4 ,pr(essor ,ow51 ) f> m probability1 believes t1 in/ead ( climb+ on ! trees1 !y pull$ ! bran*es d[n to !m1 & tore up ! small] ones by ! roots1 & s f$ on ! leaves4 ,! colossal bread? & weight ( _! h9d] qu>t]s1 :i* c h>dly be imag9$ )\t hav+ be5 se51 become on ?is view1 ( obvi\s s]vice1 in/ead ( be+ an incumbrance3 _! app>5t clums9ess disappe>s4 ,) _! great tails & _! huge heels firmly fix$ l a tripod on ! gr\nd1 !y c\ld freely ex]t ! full =ce ( _! mo/ p[]ful arms & great claws4 ,/rongly root$1 inde$1 mu/ t tree h be51 :i* c\ld h resi/$ su* =ce6 ,! ,mylodon1 moreov]1 0 furni%$ ) a long ext5sile tongue l t ( ! giraffe1 :i*1 by "o ( ^? beautiful provisions ( nature1 ?us rea*es ) ! aid ( its long neck its leafy food4 ,i may rem>k1 t 9 ,abyss9ia ! elephant1 accord+ to ,bruce1 :5 x _c rea* ) its proboscis ! bran*es1 deeply scores ) its tusks ! trunk ( ! tree1 up & d[n & all r\nd1 till x is suffici5tly weak5$ to be brok5 d[n4 ,! b$s includ+ ! above fossil rema9s1 /& only f fifte5 to tw5ty feet above ! level ( high-wat]2 & h5ce ! elevation ( ! l& has be5 small 7)\t !re has be5 an int]calat$ p]iod ( subsid5ce1 ( :i* we h no evid5ce7 s9ce ! great quadrup$s w&]$ ov] ! surr\nd+ pla9s2 & ! ext]nal features ( ! c\ntry mu/ !n h be5 v ne>ly ! same z n[4 ,:at1 x may naturally be ask$1 0 ! "* ( ! vegetation at t p]iod2 0 ! c\ntry z wret*$ly /]ile z x n[ is8 ,z s _m ( ! co-emb$d$ %ells are ! same ) ^? n[ liv+ 9 ! bay1 ,i 0 at fir/ incl9$ to ?9k t ! =m] vegetation 0 probably simil> to ! exi/+ "o2 b ?is w\ld h be5 an errone\s inf]5ce = "s ( ^! same %ells live on ! luxuriant coa/ ( ,brazil2 & g5]ally1 ! "* ( ! inhabitants ( ! sea are useless z guides to judge ( ^? on ! l&4 ,nev]!less1 f ! foll[+ consid]ations1 ,i d n believe t ! simple fact ( _m gigantic quadrup$s hav+ liv$ on ! pla9s r\nd ,bahia ,blanca1 is any sure guide t !y =m]ly 7 clo!d ) a luxuriant vegetation3 ,i h no d\bt t ! /]ile c\ntry a little s\?w>d1 ne> ! ,rio ,negro1 ) its scatt]$ ?orny trees1 w\ld support _m & l>ge quadrup$s4 ,t l>ge animals require a luxuriant vegetation1 has be5 a g5]al assumption :i* has pass$ f "o "w to ano!r2 b ,i d n hesitate to say t x is completely false1 & t x has vitiat$ ! reason+ ( geologi/s on "s po9ts ( great int]e/ 9 ! anci5t hi/ory ( ! _w4 ,! prejudice has probably be5 d]iv$ f ,india1 & ! ,indian isl&s1 :]e troops ( elephants1 noble =e/s1 & imp5etrable jungles1 are associat$ toge!r 9 e "o's m9d4 ,if1 h[ev]1 we ref] to any "w ( travels ?r\gh ! s\!rn p>ts ( ,africa1 we %all f9d allusions 9 almo/ e page ei!r to ! des]t "* ( ! c\ntry1 or to ! numb]s ( l>ge animals inhabit+ x4 ,! same ?+ is r5d]$ evid5t by ! _m engrav+s :i* h be5 publi%$ ( v>i\s p>ts ( ! int]ior4 ,:5 ! ,beagle 0 at ,cape ,t[n1 ,i made an excursion ( "s days' l5g? into ! c\ntry1 :i* at lea/ 0 suffici5t to r5d] t :i* ,i _h read m fully intelligible4 ,dr4 ,&rew ,smi?1 :o1 at ! head ( 8 adv5tur\s p>ty1 has lately succe$$ 9 pass+ ! ,tropic ( ,capricorn1 in=ms me t1 tak+ into consid]ation ! :ole ( ! s\!rn "p ( ,africa1 !re c be no d\bt ( its be+ a /]ile c\ntry4 ,on ! s\!rn & s\?-ea/]n coa/s !re are "s f9e =e/s1 b ) ^! exceptions1 ! travell] may pass = days toge!r ?r\gh op5 pla9s1 cov]$ by a poor & scanty vegetation4 ,x is difficult to convey any accurate idea ( degrees ( comp>ative f]tility2 b x may be safely said t ! am\nt ( vegetation support$ at any "o "t #e by ,great ,brita91 exce$s1 p]haps ev5 t5fold1 ! quantity on an equal area1 9 ! int]ior p>ts ( ,s\!rn ,africa4 ,! fact t bullock-waggons c travel 9 any direction1 except+ ne> ! coa/1 )\t m ?an occasionally half an h\r's delay 9 cutt+ d[n bu%es1 gives1 p]haps1 a m def9ite notion ( ! scant9ess ( ! vegetation4 ,n[1 if we look to ! animals inhabit+ ^! wide pla9s1 we %all f9d _! numb]s extraord9>ily great1 & _! bulk imm5se4 ,we mu/ enum]ate ! elephant1 ?ree species ( rh9oc]os1 & probably1 accord+ to ,dr4 ,smi?1 two o!rs1 ! hippopotamus1 ! giraffe1 ! bos caff]--z l>ge z a full-gr[n bull1 & ! elan--b little less1 two zebras1 & ! quac*a1 two gnus1 & sev]al antelopes ev5 l>g] ?an ^! latt] animals4 ,x may be suppos$ t al?\gh ! species are num]\s1 ! individuals ( ea* k9d are few4 ,by ! k9dness ( ,dr4 ,smi?1 ,i am enabl$ to %[ t ! case is v diff]5t4 ,he in=ms me1 t 9 lat4 #bd degs41 9 "o day's m>* ) ! bullock-waggons1 he saw1 )\t w&]+ to any great di/ance on ei!r side1 betwe5 "o hundr$ & "o hundr$ & fifty rh9oc]oses1 :i* belong$ to ?ree species3 ! same day he saw sev]al h]ds ( giraffes1 am\nt+ toge!r to ne>ly a hundr$2 & t al?\gh no elephant 0 obs]v$1 yet !y are f\nd 9 ?is di/rict4 ,at ! di/ance ( a little m ?an "o h\r's m>* f _! place ( encampm5t on ! previ\s night1 8 p>ty actually kill$ at "o spot eight hippopotamuses1 & saw _m m4 ,9 ?is same riv] !re 7 likewise crocodiles4 ,( c\rse x 0 a case q extraord9>y1 to see s _m great animals cr[d$ toge!r1 b x evid5tly proves t !y mu/ exi/ 9 great numb]s4 ,dr4 ,smi? describes ! c\ntry pass$ ?r\gh t day1 z be+ ?9ly cov]$ ) grass1 & bu%es ab\t f\r feet high1 & /ill m ?9ly ) mimosa-trees4 ,! waggons 7 n prev5t$ travell+ 9 a ne>ly /raight l9e4 ,besides ^! l>ge animals1 e "o ! lea/ acqua9t$ ) ! natural hi/ory ( ! ,cape1 has read ( ! h]ds ( antelopes1 :i* c be comp>$ only ) ! flocks ( migratory birds4 ,! numb]s inde$ ( ! lion1 pan!r1 & hya5a1 & ! multitude ( birds ( prey1 pla9ly speak ( ! abundance ( ! small] quadrup$s3 "o ev5+ sev5 lions 7 c\nt$ at ! same "t pr[l+ r\nd ,dr4 ,smi?'s encampm5t4 ,z ?is able naturali/ rem>k$ to me1 ! c>nage ea* day 9 ,s\!rn ,africa mu/ inde$ be t]rific6 ,i confess x is truly surpris+ h[ su* a numb] ( animals c f9d support 9 a c\ntry produc+ s little food4 ,! l>g] quadrup$s no d\bt roam ov] wide tracts 9 se>* ( x2 & _! food *iefly consi/s ( und]wood1 :i* probably conta9s mu* nutrim5t 9 a small bulk4 ,dr4 ,smi? also in=ms me t ! vegetation has a rapid gr[?2 no soon] is a "p consum$1 ?an its place is suppli$ by a fre% /ock4 ,!re c be no d\bt1 h[ev]1 t our ideas respect+ ! app>5t am\nt ( food necess>y = ! support ( l>ge quadrup$s are mu* exagg]at$3 x %\ld h be5 rememb]$ t ! camel1 an animal ( no mean bulk1 has always be5 consid]$ z ! emblem ( ! des]t4 ,! belief t :]e l>ge quadrup$s exi/1 ! vegetation mu/ necess>ily be luxuriant1 is ! m rem>kable1 because ! conv]se is f> f true4 ,mr4 ,bur*ell obs]v$ to me t :5 ent]+ ,brazil1 no?+ /ruck him m =cibly ?an ! spl5d\r ( ! ,s\? ,am]ican vegetation contra/$ ) t ( ,s\? ,africa1 toge!r ) ! abs5ce ( all l>ge quadrup$s4 ,9 8 ,travels1 #f he has sugge/$ t ! comp>ison ( ! respective weights 7if !re 7 suffici5t data7 ( an equal numb] ( ! l>ge/ h]bivor\s quadrup$s ( ea* c\ntry w\ld be extremely curi\s4 ,if we take on ! "o side1 ! elephant1 #g hippopotamus1 giraffe1 bos caff]1 elan1 c]ta9ly ?ree1 & probably five species ( rh9oc]os2 & on ! ,am]ican side1 two tapirs1 ! guanaco1 ?ree de]1 ! vicuna1 pecc>i1 capyb>a 7aft] :i* we mu/ *oose f ! monkeys to complete ! numb]71 & !n place ^! two gr\ps alongside ea* o!r1 x is n easy to conceive ranks m disproportionate 9 size4 ,aft] ! above facts1 we are compell$ to conclude1 aga9/ ant]ior probability1 #h t among ! mammalia !re exi/s no close relation betwe5 ! bulk ( ! species1 & ! quantity ( ! vegetation1 9 ! c\ntries :i* !y inhabit4 ,) reg>d to ! numb] ( l>ge quadrup$s1 !re c]ta9ly exi/s no qu>t] ( ! globe :i* w be> comp>ison ) ,s\!rn ,africa4 ,aft] ! diff]5t /atem5ts :i* h be5 giv51 ! extremely des]t "* ( t region w n be disput$4 ,9 ! ,european division ( ! _w1 we mu/ look back to ! t]ti>y epo*s1 to f9d a condition ( ?+s among ! mammalia1 resembl+ t n[ exi/+ at ! ,cape ( ,good ,hope4 ,^? t]ti>y epo*s1 :i* we are apt to consid] z ab\nd+ to an a/oni%+ degree ) l>ge animals1 because we f9d ! rema9s ( _m ages accumulat$ at c]ta9 spots1 c\ld h>dly boa/ ( m l>ge quadrup$s ?an ,s\!rn ,africa does at pres5t4 ,if we speculate on ! condition ( ! vegetation dur+ ^! epo*s we are at lea/ b\nd s f> to consid] exi/+ analogies1 z n to urge z absolutely necess>y a luxuriant vegetation1 :5 we see a /ate ( ?+s s totally diff]5t at ! ,cape ( ,good ,hope4 ,we "k #i t ! extreme regions ( ,nor? ,am]ica1 _m degrees beyond ! limit :]e ! gr\nd at ! dep? ( a few feet rema9s p]petually congeal$1 are cov]$ by =e/s ( l>ge & tall trees4 ,9 a l mann]1 9 ,sib]ia1 we h woods ( bir*1 fir1 asp51 & l>*1 gr[+ 9 a latitude #aj 7#fd degs47 :]e ! mean temp]ature ( ! air falls bel[ ! freez+ po9t1 & :]e ! e>? is s completely froz51 t ! c>cass ( an animal emb$d$ 9 x is p]fectly pres]v$4 ,) ^! facts we mu/ grant1 z f> z quantity alone ( vegetation is conc]n$1 t ! great quadrup$s ( ! lat] t]ti>y epo*s might1 9 mo/ p>ts ( ,nor!rn ,europe & ,asia1 h liv$ on ! spots :]e _! rema9s are n[ f\nd4 ,i d n "h speak ( ! k9d ( vegetation necess>y = _! support2 because1 z !re is evid5ce ( physical *anges1 & z ! animals h become ext9ct1 s may we suppose t ! species ( plants h likewise be5 *ang$4 ,^! rem>ks1 ,i may be p]mitt$ to add1 directly be> on ! case ( ! ,sib]ian animals pres]v$ 9 ice4 ,! firm conviction ( ! necessity ( a vegetation possess+ a "* ( tropical luxuriance1 to support su* l>ge animals1 & ! impossibility ( reconcil+ ?is ) ! proximity ( p]petual congelation1 0 "o *ief cause ( ! sev]al !ories ( sudd5 revolutions ( climate1 & ( ov]:elm+ cata/rophes1 :i* 7 inv5t$ to acc\nt = _! entombm5t4 ,i am f> f suppos+ t ! climate has n *ang$ s9ce ! p]iod :5 ^? animals liv$1 :i* n[ lie buri$ 9 ! ice4 ,at pres5t ,i only wi% to %[1 t z f> z quantity ( food alone is conc]n$1 ! anci5t rh9oc]oses might h roam$ ov] ! /eppes ( c5tral ,sib]ia 7! nor!rn p>ts probably be+ "u wat]7 ev5 9 _! pres5t condition1 z well z ! liv+ rh9oc]oses & elephants ov] ! ,k>ros ( ,s\!rn ,africa4 ,i w n[ give an acc\nt ( ! habits ( "s ( ! m int]e/+ birds :i* are common on ! wild pla9s ( ,nor!rn ,patagonia3 & fir/ = ! l>ge/1 or ,s\? ,am]ican o/ri*4 ,! ord9>y habits ( ! o/ri* are famili> to e "o4 ,!y live on vegetable matt]1 su* z roots & grass2 b at ,bahia ,blanca ,i h repeat$ly se5 ?ree or f\r come d[n at l[ wat] to ! ext5sive mud-banks :i* are !n dry1 = ! sake1 z ! ,gau*os say1 ( fe$+ on small fi%4 ,al?\gh ! o/ri* 9 its habits is s %y1 w>y1 & solit>y1 & al?\gh s fleet 9 its pace1 x is caught )\t mu* difficulty by ! ,indian or ,gau*o arm$ ) ! bolas4 ,:5 sev]al horsem5 appe> 9 a semicircle1 x becomes conf\nd$1 & does n "k :i* way to escape4 ,!y g5]ally pref] runn+ aga9/ ! w9d2 yet at ! fir/ />t !y exp& _! w+s1 & l a vessel make all sail4 ,on "o f9e hot day ,i saw sev]al o/ri*es ent] a b$ ( tall ru%es1 :]e !y squatt$ conceal$1 till q closely approa*$4 ,x is n g5]ally kn[n t o/ri*es readily take to ! wat]4 ,mr4 ,k+ in=ms me t at ! ,bay ( ,san ,blas1 & at ,port ,valdes 9 ,patagonia1 he saw ^! birds swimm+ sev]al times f isl& to isl&4 ,!y ran into ! wat] bo? :5 driv5 d[n to a po9t1 & likewise ( _! own accord :5 n fright5$3 ! di/ance cross$ 0 ab\t two hundr$ y>ds4 ,:5 swimm+1 v little ( _! bodies appe> above wat]2 _! necks are ext5d$ a little =w>d1 & _! progress is sl[4 ,on two occasions ,i saw "s o/ri*es swimm+ across ! ,santa ,cruz riv]1 :]e its c\rse 0 ab\t f\r hundr$ y>ds wide1 & ! /ream rapid4 ,capta9 ,/urt1 #aa :5 desc5d+ ! ,murrumbidgee1 9 ,au/ralia1 saw two emus 9 ! act ( swimm+4 ,! inhabitants ( ! c\ntry readily di/+ui%1 ev5 at a di/ance1 ! cock bird f ! h54 ,! =m] is l>g] & d>k]-col\r$1 #ab & has a bigg] head4 ,! o/ri*1 ,i believe ! cock1 emits a s+ul>1 deep-ton$1 hiss+ note3 :5 fir/ ,i he>d x1 /&+ 9 ! mid/ ( "s s&-hillocks1 ,i ?\ght x 0 made by "s wild bea/1 = x is a s\nd t "o _c tell :5ce x comes1 or f h[ f> di/ant4 ,:5 we 7 at ,bahia ,blanca 9 ! mon?s ( ,septemb] & ,octob]1 ! eggs1 9 extraord9>y numb]s1 7 f\nd all ov] ! c\ntry4 ,!y lie ei!r scatt]$ & s+le1 9 :i* case !y are nev] hat*$1 & are call$ by ! ,spani>ds hua*os2 or !y are collect$ toge!r into a %all[ excavation1 :i* =ms ! ne/4 ,out ( ! f\r ne/s :i* ,i saw1 ?ree conta9$ tw5ty-two eggs ea*1 & ! f\r? tw5ty-sev54 ,9 "o day's hunt+ on horseback sixty-f\r eggs 7 f\nd2 =ty-f\r ( ^! 7 9 two ne/s1 & ! rema9+ tw5ty1 scatt]$ hua*os4 ,! ,gau*os unanim\sly affirm1 & !re is no reason to d\bt _! /atem5t1 t ! male bird alone hat*es ! eggs1 & = "s "t aft]w>ds accompanies ! "y4 ,! cock :5 on ! ne/ lies v close2 ,i h myself almo/ ridd5 ov] "o4 ,x is ass]t$ t at su* times !y are occasionally fi]ce1 & ev5 dang]\s1 & t !y h be5 kn[n to attack a man on horseback1 try+ to kick & leap on him4 ,my in=m] po9t$ out to me an old man1 :om he _h se5 mu* t]rifi$ by "o *as+ him4 ,i obs]ve 9 ,bur*ell's travels 9 ,s\? ,africa1 t he rem>ks1 ,hav+ kill$ a male o/ri*1 & ! fea!rs be+ dirty1 x 0 said by ! ,hott5tots to be a ne/ bird4 ,i und]/& t ! male emu 9 ! ,zoological ,g>d5s takes *>ge ( ! ne/3 ?is habit1 !re=e1 is common to ! family4 ,! ,gau*os unanim\sly affirm t sev]al females lay 9 "o ne/4 ,i h be5 positively told t f\r or five h5 birds h be5 wat*$ to g 9 ! middle ( ! day1 "o aft] ! o!r1 to ! same ne/4 ,i may add1 also1 t x is believ$ 9 ,africa1 t two or m females lay 9 "o ne/4 #ac ,al?\gh ?is habit at fir/ appe>s v /range1 ,i ?9k ! cause may be expla9$ 9 a simple mann]4 ,! numb] ( eggs 9 ! ne/ v>ies f tw5ty to =ty1 & ev5 to fifty2 & accord+ to ,az>a1 "s times to sev5ty or eighty4 ,n[1 al?\gh x is mo/ probable1 f ! numb] ( eggs f\nd 9 "o di/rict be+ s extraord9>ily great 9 proportion to ! p>5t birds1 & likewise f ! /ate ( ! ov>ium ( ! h51 t %e may 9 ! c\rse ( ! season lay a l>ge numb]1 yet ! "t requir$ mu/ be v long4 ,az>a /ates1 #ad t a female 9 a /ate ( dome/ication laid sev5te5 eggs1 ea* at ! int]val ( ?ree days "o f ano!r4 ,if ! h5 0 oblig$ to hat* h] own eggs1 be=e ! la/ 0 laid ! fir/ probably w\ld be addl$2 b if ea* laid a few eggs at successive p]iods1 9 diff]5t ne/s1 & sev]al h5s1 z is /at$ to be ! case1 comb9$ toge!r1 !n ! eggs 9 "o collection w\ld be ne>ly ( ! same age4 ,if ! numb] ( eggs 9 "o ( ^! ne/s is1 z ,i believe1 n great] on an av]age ?an ! numb] laid by "o female 9 ! season1 !n !re mu/ be z _m ne/s z females1 & ea* cock bird w h its fair %>e ( ! lab\r ( incubation2 & t dur+ a p]iod :5 ! females probably c\ld n sit1 f n hav+ f9i%$ lay+4 #ae ,i h be=e m5tion$ ! great numb]s ( hua*os1 or des]t$ eggs2 s t 9 "o day's hunt+ tw5ty 7 f\nd 9 ?is /ate4 ,x appe>s odd t s _m %\ld be wa/$4 ,does x n arise f ! difficulty ( sev]al females associat+ toge!r1 & f9d+ a male ready to und]take ! (fice ( incubation8 ,x is evid5t t !re mu/ at fir/ be "s degree ( association betwe5 at lea/ two females2 o!rwise ! eggs w\ld rema9 scatt]$ ov] ! wide pla91 at di/ances f> too great to all[ ( ! male collect+ !m into "o ne/3 "s au?ors h believ$ t ! scatt]$ eggs 7 deposit$ = ! "y birds to fe$ on4 ,?is c h>dly be ! case 9 ,am]ica1 because ! hua*os1 al?\gh (t5 f\nd addl$ & putrid1 are g5]ally :ole4 ,:5 at ! ,rio ,negro 9 ,nor!rn ,patagonia1 ,i repeat$ly he>d ! ,gau*os talk+ ( a v r>e bird :i* !y call$ ,ave/ruz ,petise4 ,!y describ$ x z be+ less ?an ! common o/ri* 7:i* is !re abundant71 b ) a v close g5]al resemblance4 ,!y said its col\r 0 d>k & mottl$1 & t its legs 7 %ort]1 & fea!r$ l[] d[n ?an ^? ( ! common o/ri*4 ,x is m easily caught by ! bolas ?an ! o!r species4 ,! few inhabitants :o _h se5 bo? k9ds1 affirm$ !y c\ld di/+ui% !m ap>t f a long di/ance4 ,! eggs ( ! small species appe>$1 h[ev]1 m g5]ally kn[n2 & x 0 rem>k$1 ) surprise1 t !y 7 v little less ?an ^? ( ! ,rhea1 b ( a slightly diff]5t =m1 & ) a t+e ( pale blue4 ,?is species occurs mo/ r>ely on ! pla9s bord]+ ! ,rio ,negro2 b ab\t a degree & a half fur!r s\? !y are tol]ably abundant4 ,:5 at ,port ,desire1 9 ,patagonia 7lat4 #dh degs471 ,mr4 ,m>t5s %ot an o/ri*2 & ,i look$ at x1 =gett+ at ! mom5t1 9 ! mo/ unacc\ntable mann]1 ! :ole subject ( ! ,petises1 & ?\ght x 0 a n full-gr[n bird ( ! common sort4 ,x 0 cook$ & eat5 be=e my memory return$4 ,=tunately ! head1 neck1 legs1 w+s1 _m ( ! l>g] fea!rs1 & a l>ge "p ( ! sk91 _h be5 pres]v$2 & f ^! a v ne>ly p]fect specim5 has be5 put toge!r1 & is n[ exhibit$ 9 ! museum ( ! ,zoological ,society4 ,mr4 ,g\ld1 9 describ+ ?is new species1 has done me ! hon\r ( call+ x aft] my "n4 ,among ! ,patagonian ,indians 9 ! ,/rait ( ,magellan1 we f\nd a half ,indian1 :o _h liv$ "s ye>s ) ! tribe1 b _h be5 born 9 ! nor!rn prov9ces4 ,i ask$ him if he _h ev] he>d ( ! ,ave/ruz ,petise8 ,he answ]$ by say+1 ,:y1 !re are none o!rs 9 ^! s\!rn c\ntries4 ,he in=m$ me t ! numb] ( eggs 9 ! ne/ ( ! petise is consid]ably less ?an 9 t ( ! o!r k9d1 namely1 n m ?an fifte5 on an av]age1 b he ass]t$ t m ?an "o female deposit$ !m4 ,at ,santa ,cruz we saw sev]al ( ^! birds4 ,!y 7 excessively w>y3 ,i ?9k !y c\ld see a p]son approa*+ :5 too f> (f to be di/+ui%$ !mselves4 ,9 asc5d+ ! riv] few 7 se52 b 9 our quiet & rapid desc5t1 _m1 9 pairs & by f\rs or fives1 7 obs]v$4 ,x 0 rem>k$ t ?is bird did n exp& its w+s1 :5 fir/ />t+ at full spe$1 aft] ! mann] ( ! nor!rn k9d4 ,9 conclusion ,i may obs]ve1 t ! ,/ru?io rhea inhabits ! c\ntry ( ,la ,plata z f> z a little s\? ( ! ,rio ,negro 9 lat4 #da degs41 & t ! ,/ru?io ,d>w9ii takes its place 9 ,s\!rn ,patagonia2 ! "p ab\t ! ,rio ,negro be+ neutral t]ritory4 ,m4 ,a4 d',orbigny1 #af :5 at ! ,rio ,negro1 made great ex]tions to procure ?is bird1 b nev] _h ! good =tune to succe$4 ,dobrizh(f] #ag long ago 0 aw>e ( !re be+ two k9ds ( o/ri*es1 he says1 ,y mu/ "k1 moreov]1 t ,emus diff] 9 size & habits 9 diff]5t tracts ( l&2 = ^? t inhabit ! pla9s ( ,bu5os ,ayres & ,tucuman are l>g]1 & h black1 :ite & grey fea!rs2 ^? ne> to ! ,/rait ( ,magellan are small] & m beautiful1 = _! :ite fea!rs are tipp$ ) black at ! extremity1 & _! black ones 9 l mann] t]m9ate 9 :ite4 ,a v s+ul> little bird1 ,t9o*orus rumicivorus1 is "h common3 9 its habits & g5]al appe>ance1 x ne>ly equally p>takes ( ! *>act]s1 diff]5t z !y are1 ( ! quail & snipe4 ,! ,t9o*orus is f\nd 9 ! :ole ( s\!rn ,s\? ,am]ica1 :]ev] !re are /]ile pla9s1 or op5 dry pa/ure l&4 ,x frequ5ts 9 pairs or small flocks ! mo/ desolate places1 :]e sc>cely ano!r liv+ creature c exi/4 ,^u be+ approa*$ !y squat close1 & !n are v difficult to be di/+ui%$ f ! gr\nd4 ,:5 fe$+ !y walk r sl[ly1 ) _! legs wide ap>t4 ,!y du/ !mselves 9 roads & s&y places1 & frequ5t p>ticul> spots1 :]e !y may be f\nd day aft] day3 l p>tridges1 !y take w+ 9 a flock4 ,9 all ^! respects1 9 ! muscul> gizz>d adapt$ = vegetable food1 9 ! ar*$ beak & fle%y no/rils1 %ort legs & =m ( foot1 ! ,t9o*orus has a close aff9ity ) quails4 ,b z soon z ! bird is se5 fly+1 its :ole appe>ance *anges2 ! long po9t$ w+s1 s diff]5t f ^? 9 ! gall9ace\s ord]1 ! irregul> mann] ( flight1 & pla9tive cry utt]$ at ! mom5t ( ris+1 recall ! idea ( a snipe4 ,! sportsm5 ( ! ,beagle unanim\sly call$ x ! %ort-bill$ snipe4 ,to ?is g5us1 or r to ! family ( ! ,wad]s1 its skeleton %[s t x is really relat$4 ,! ,t9o*orus is closely relat$ to "s o!r ,s\? ,am]ican birds4 ,two species ( ! g5us ,attagis are 9 almo/ e respect pt>migans 9 _! habits2 "o lives 9 ,ti]ra del ,fuego1 above ! limits ( ! =e/ l&2 & ! o!r j b5ea? ! sn[-l9e on ! ,cordill]a ( ,c5tral ,*ile4 ,a bird ( ano!r closely alli$ g5us1 ,*ionis alba1 is an inhabitant ( ! ant>ctic regions2 x fe$s on sea-we$ & %ells on ! tidal rocks4 ,al?\gh n web foot$1 f "s unacc\ntable habit1 x is frequ5tly met ) f> out at sea4 ,?is small family ( birds is "o ( ^? :i*1 f its v>i$ relations to o!r families1 al?\gh at pres5t (f]+ only difficulties to ! sy/ematic naturali/1 ultimately may assi/ 9 reveal+ ! gr& s*eme1 common to ! pres5t & pa/ ages1 on :i* organiz$ be+s h be5 creat$4 ,! g5us ,furn>ius conta9s sev]al species1 all small birds1 liv+ on ! gr\nd1 & inhabit+ op5 dry c\ntries4 ,9 /ructure !y _c be comp>$ to any ,european =m4 ,orni?ologi/s h g5]ally includ$ !m among ! creep]s1 al?\gh oppos$ to t family 9 e habit4 ,! be/ kn[n species is ! common ov5-bird ( ,la ,plata1 ! ,cas>a or h\semak] ( ! ,spani>ds4 ,! ne/1 :5ce x takes its "n1 is plac$ 9 ! mo/ expos$ situations1 z on ! top ( a po/1 a b>e rock1 or on a cactus4 ,x is compos$ ( mud & bits ( /raw1 & has /rong ?ick walls3 9 %ape x precisely resembles an ov51 or depress$ beehive4 ,! op5+ is l>ge & ar*$1 & directly 9 front1 )9 ! ne/1 !re is a p>tition1 :i* rea*es ne>ly to ! ro(1 ?us =m+ a passage or ante*amb] to ! true ne/4 ,ano!r & small] species ( ,furn>ius 7,f4 cunicul>ius71 resembles ! ov5-bird 9 ! g5]al r$di% t9t ( its plumage1 9 a peculi> %rill reit]at$ cry1 & 9 an odd mann] ( runn+ by />ts4 ,f its aff9ity1 ! ,spani>ds call x ,cas>ita 7or little h\sebuild]71 al?\gh its nidification is q diff]5t4 ,! ,cas>ita builds its ne/ at ! bottom ( a n>r[ cyl9drical hole1 :i* is said to ext5d horizontally to ne>ly six feet "u gr\nd4 ,sev]al ( ! c\ntry p told me1 t :5 boys1 !y _h attempt$ to dig out ! ne/1 b _h sc>cely ev] succe$$ 9 gett+ to ! end ( ! passage4 ,! bird *ooses any l[ bank ( firm s&y soil by ! side ( a road or /ream4 ,"h 7at ,bahia ,blanca7 ! walls r\nd ! h\ses are built ( h>d5$ mud1 & ,i notic$ t "o1 :i* enclos$ a c\rty>d :]e ,i lodg$1 0 bor$ ?r\gh by r\nd holes 9 a score ( places4 ,on ask+ ! own] ! cause ( ?is he bitt]ly compla9$ ( ! little cas>ita1 sev]al ( :i* ,i aft]w>ds obs]v$ at "w4 ,x is r curi\s to f9d h[ incapable ^! birds mu/ be ( acquir+ any notion ( ?ickness1 = al?\gh !y 7 con/antly flitt+ ov] ! l[ wall1 !y cont9u$ va9ly to bore ?r\gh x1 ?9k+ x an excell5t bank = _! ne/s4 ,i d n d\bt t ea* bird1 z (t5 z x came to daylight on ! opposite side1 0 greatly surpris$ at ! m>vell\s fact4 ,i h already m5tion$ ne>ly all ! mammalia common 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,( armadilloes ?ree species occur namely1 ! ,dasypus m9utus or pi*y1 ! ,d4 villosus or peludo1 & ! ap>4 ,! fir/ ext5ds t5 degrees fur!r s\? ?an any o!r k9d2 a f\r? species1 ! ,mulita1 does n come z f> s\? z ,bahia ,blanca4 ,! f\r species h ne>ly simil> habits2 ! peludo1 h[ev]1 is nocturnal1 :ile ! o!rs w&] by day ov] ! op5 pla9s1 fe$+ on beetles1 l>vae1 roots1 & ev5 small snakes4 ,! ap>1 commonly call$ mataco1 is rem>kable by hav+ only ?ree moveable b&s2 ! re/ ( its tesselat$ cov]+ be+ ne>ly inflexible4 ,x has ! p[] ( roll+ itself into a p]fect sph]e1 l "o k9d ( ,engli% woodl\se4 ,9 ?is /ate x is safe f ! attack ( dogs2 = ! dog n be+ able to take ! :ole 9 its m\?1 tries to bite "o side1 & ! ball slips away4 ,! smoo? h>d cov]+ ( ! mataco (f]s a bett] def5ce ?an ! %>p sp9es ( ! h$gehog4 ,! pi*y pref]s a v dry soil2 & ! s&-dunes ne> ! coa/1 :]e = _m mon?s x c nev] ta/e wat]1 is its fav\rite resort3 x (t5 tries to escape notice1 by squatt+ close to ! gr\nd4 ,9 ! c\rse ( a day's ride1 ne> ,bahia ,blanca1 sev]al 7 g5]ally met )4 ,! in/ant "o 0 p]ceiv$1 x 0 necess>y1 9 ord] to cat* x1 almo/ to tumble (f "o's horse2 = 9 s(t soil ! animal burr[$ s quickly1 t its h9d] qu>t]s w\ld almo/ disappe> be=e "o c\ld alight4 ,x seems almo/ a pity to kill su* nice little animals1 = z a ,gau*o said1 :ile %>p5+ 8 knife on ! back ( "o1 ,son tan mansos 7!y are s quiet74 ,( reptiles !re are _m k9ds3 "o snake 7a ,trigonocephalus1 or ,cophias #ah71 f ! size ( ! poison *annel 9 its fangs1 mu/ be v deadly4 ,cuvi]1 9 opposition to "s o!r naturali/s1 makes ?is a sub-g5us ( ! rattlesnake1 & int]m$iate betwe5 x & ! vip]4 ,9 confirmation ( ?is op9ion1 ,i obs]v$ a fact1 :i* appe>s to me v curi\s & in/ructive1 z %[+ h[ e "*1 ev5 ?\gh x may be 9 "s degree indep5d5t ( /ructure1 has a t5d5cy to v>y by sl[ degrees4 ,! extremity ( ! tail ( ?is snake is t]m9at$ by a po9t1 :i* is v slightly enl>g$2 & z ! animal glides along1 x con/antly vibrates ! la/ in*2 & ?is "p /rik+ aga9/ ! dry grass & bru%wood1 produces a rattl+ noise1 :i* c be di/9ctly he>d at ! di/ance ( six feet4 ,z (t5 z ! animal 0 irritat$ or surpris$1 its tail 0 %ak52 & ! vibrations 7 extremely rapid4 ,ev5 z long z ! body reta9$ its irritability1 a t5d5cy to ?is habitual movem5t 0 evid5t4 ,?is ,trigonocephalus has1 !re=e1 9 "s respects ! /ructure ( a vip]1 ) ! habits ( a rattlesnake3 ! noise1 h[ev]1 be+ produc$ by a simpl] device4 ,! expression ( ?is snake's face 0 hide\s & fi]ce2 ! pupil consi/$ ( a v]tical slit 9 a mottl$ & copp]y iris2 ! jaws 7 broad at ! base1 & ! nose t]m9at$ 9 a triangul> projection4 ,i d n ?9k ,i ev] saw any?+ m ugly1 except+1 p]haps1 "s ( ! vampire bats4 ,i imag9e ?is repulsive aspect orig9ates f ! features be+ plac$ 9 positions1 ) respect to ea* o!r1 some:at proportional to ^? ( ! human face2 & ?us we obta9 a scale ( hide\sness4 ,among/ ! ,batra*ian reptiles1 ,i f\nd only "o little toad 7,phryniscus nigricans71 :i* 0 mo/ s+ul> f its col\r4 ,if we imag9e1 fir/1 t x _h be5 /eep$ 9 ! blacke/ ink1 & !n1 :5 dry1 all[$ to crawl ov] a bo>d1 fre%ly pa9t$ ) ! brighte/ v]milion1 s z to col\r ! soles ( its feet & p>ts ( its /oma*1 a good idea ( its appe>ance w be ga9$4 ,if x _h be5 an unnam$ species1 surely x ought to h be5 call$ ,diabolicus1 = x is a fit toad to prea* 9 ! e> ( ,eve4 ,in/ead ( be+ nocturnal 9 its habits1 z o!r toads are1 & liv+ 9 damp obscure recesses1 x crawls dur+ ! heat ( ! day ab\t ! dry s&-hillocks & arid pla9s1 :]e n a s+le drop ( wat] c be f\nd4 ,x mu/ necess>ily dep5d on ! dew = its moi/ure2 & ?is probably is absorb$ by ! sk91 = x is kn[n1 t ^! reptiles possess great p[]s ( cutane\s absorption4 ,at ,maldonado1 ,i f\nd "o 9 a situation ne>ly z dry z at ,bahia ,blanca1 & ?9k+ to give x a great treat1 c>ri$ x to a pool ( wat]2 n only 0 ! little animal unable to swim1 b ,i ?9k )\t help x w\ld soon h be5 dr[n$4 ,( liz>ds !re 7 _m k9ds1 b only "o 7,proctotretus multimaculatus7 rem>kable f its habits4 ,x lives on ! b>e s& ne> ! sea coa/1 & f its mottl$ col\r1 ! br[ni% scales be+ speckl$ ) :ite1 yell[i% r$1 & dirty blue1 c h>dly be di/+ui%$ f ! surr\nd+ surface4 ,:5 fright5$1 x attempts to avoid discov]y by feign+ dea?1 ) out/ret*$ legs1 depress$ body1 & clos$ eyes3 if fur!r mole/$1 x buries itself ) great quickness 9 ! loose s&4 ,?is liz>d1 f its flatt5$ body & %ort legs1 _c run quickly4 ,i w "h add a few rem>ks on ! hyb]nation ( animals 9 ?is "p ( ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,:5 we fir/ arriv$ at ,bahia ,blanca1 ,septemb] #g?1 #ahcb1 we ?\ght nature _h grant$ sc>cely a liv+ creature to ?is s&y & dry c\ntry4 ,by digg+1 h[ev]1 9 ! gr\nd1 sev]al insects1 l>ge spid]s1 & liz>ds 7 f\nd 9 a half-torpid /ate4 ,on ! #ae?1 a few animals began to appe>1 & by ! #ah? 7?ree days f ! equ9ox71 ev]y?+ ann\nc$ ! comm5cem5t ( spr+4 ,! pla9s 7 ornam5t$ by ! fl[]s ( a p9k wood-sorrel1 wild peas1 c5o!rae1 & g]aniums2 & ! birds began to lay _! eggs4 ,num]\s ,lamellicorn & ,het]om]\s insects1 ! latt] rem>kable = _! deeply sculptur$ bodies1 7 sl[ly crawl+ ab\t2 :ile ! liz>d tribe1 ! con/ant inhabitants ( a s&y soil1 d>t$ ab\t 9 e direction4 ,dur+ ! fir/ elev5 days1 :il/ nature 0 dormant1 ! mean temp]ature tak5 f obs]vations made e two h\rs on bo>d ! ,beagle1 0 #ea degs42 & 9 ! middle ( ! day ! !rmomet] seldom rang$ above #ee degs4 ,on ! elev5 succe$+ days1 9 :i* all liv+ ?+s became s animat$1 ! mean 0 #eh degs41 & ! range 9 ! middle ( ! day betwe5 #fj & #gj degs4 ,"h1 !n1 an increase ( sev5 degrees 9 mean temp]ature1 b a great] "o ( extreme heat1 0 suffici5t to awake ! functions ( life4 ,at ,monte ,video1 f :i* we _h j be=e sail$1 9 ! tw5ty-?ree days includ$ betwe5 ! #bf? ( ,july & ! #ai? ( ,augu/1 ! mean temp]ature f #bgf obs]vations 0 #eh4d degs42 ! mean hotte/ day be+ #fe4e degs41 & ! colde/ #df degs4 ,! l[e/ po9t to :i* ! !rmomet] fell 0 #da4e degs41 & occasionally 9 ! middle ( ! day x rose to #fi or #gj degs4 ,yet ) ?is high temp]ature1 almo/ e beetle1 sev]al g5]a ( spid]s1 snails1 & l&-%ells1 toads & liz>ds 7 all ly+ torpid b5ea? /ones4 ,b we h se5 t at ,bahia ,blanca1 :i* is f\r degrees s\?w>d & !re=e ) a climate only a v little cold]1 ?is same temp]ature ) a r less extreme heat1 0 suffici5t to awake all ord]s ( animat$ be+s4 ,?is %[s h[ nicely ! /imulus requir$ to ar\se hyb]nat+ animals is gov]n$ by ! usual climate ( ! di/rict1 & n by ! absolute heat4 ,x is well kn[n t )9 ! tropics1 ! hyb]nation1 or m prop]ly ae/ivation1 ( animals is det]m9$ n by ! temp]ature1 b by ! times ( dr\ght4 ,ne> ,rio de ,janeiro1 ,i 0 at fir/ surpris$ to obs]ve1 t1 a few days aft] "s little depressions _h be5 fill$ ) wat]1 !y 7 peopl$ by num]\s full-gr[n %ells & beetles1 :i* mu/ h be5 ly+ dormant4 ,humboldt has relat$ ! /range accid5t ( a hovel hav+ be5 erect$ ov] a spot :]e a "y crocodile lay buri$ 9 ! h>d5$ mud4 ,he adds1 ,! ,indians (t5 f9d enorm\s boas1 :i* !y call ,uji or wat] s]p5ts1 9 ! same le?>gic /ate4 ,to reanimate !m1 !y mu/ be irritat$ or wett$ ) wat]4 ,i w only m5tion "o o!r animal1 a zoophyte 7,i believe ,virgul>ia ,patagonica71 a k9d ( sea-p54 ,x consi/s ( a ?91 /raight1 fle%y /em1 ) alt]nate r[s ( polypi on ea* side1 & surr\nd+ an ela/ic /ony axis1 v>y+ 9 l5g? f eight in*es to two feet4 ,! /em at "o extremity is truncate1 b at ! o!r is t]m9at$ by a v]mi=m fle%y app5dage4 ,! /ony axis :i* gives /r5g? to ! /em may be trac$ at ?is extremity into a m]e vessel fill$ ) granul> matt]4 ,at l[ wat] hundr$s ( ^! zoophytes might be se51 project+ l /ubble1 ) ! truncate end upw>ds1 a few in*es above ! surface ( ! muddy s&4 ,:5 t\*$ or pull$ !y sudd5ly drew !mselves 9 ) =ce1 s z ne>ly or q to disappe>4 ,by ?is action1 ! highly ela/ic axis mu/ be b5t at ! l[] extremity1 :]e x is naturally slightly curv$2 & ,i imag9e x is by ?is ela/icity alone t ! zoophyte is enabl$ to rise aga9 ?r\gh ! mud4 ,ea* polypus1 ?\gh closely unit$ to its bre?r51 has a di/9ct m\?1 body1 & t5tacula4 ,( ^! polypi1 9 a l>ge specim51 !re mu/ be _m ?\s&s2 yet we see t !y act by "o movem5t3 !y h also "o c5tral axis connect$ ) a sy/em ( obscure circulation1 & ! ova are produc$ 9 an organ di/9ct f ! sep>ate individuals4 #ai ,well may "o be all[$ to ask1 :at is an individual8 ,x is always int]e/+ to discov] ! f\ndation ( ! /range tales ( ! old voyag]s2 & ,i h no d\bt b t ! habits ( ?is ,virgul>ia expla9 "o su* case4 ,capta9 ,lanca/]1 9 8 voyage #bj 9 #afja1 n>rates t on ! sea-s&s ( ! ,isl& ( ,sombr]o1 9 ! ,ea/ ,indies1 he f\nd a small twig gr[+ up l a "y tree1 & on (f]+ to pluck x up x %r9ks d[n to ! gr\nd1 & s9ks1 unless held v h>d4 ,on be+ pluck$ up1 a great worm is f\nd to be its root1 & z ! tree gr[e? 9 greatness1 s do? ! worm dim9i%1 & z soon z ! worm is entirely turn$ into a tree x roote? 9 ! e>?1 & s becomes great4 ,?is trans=mation is "o ( ! /range/ wond]s t ,i saw 9 all my travels3 = if ?is tree is pluck$ up1 :ile "y1 & ! leaves & b>k /ripp$ (f1 x becomes a h>d /one :5 dry1 mu* l :ite coral3 ?us is ?is worm twice trans=m$ into diff]5t natures4 ,( ^! we ga!r$ & br\ght home _m4 ,dur+ my /ay at ,bahia ,blanca1 :ile wait+ = ! ,beagle1 ! place 0 9 a con/ant /ate ( excitem5t1 f rum\rs ( w>s & victories1 betwe5 ! troops ( ,rosas & ! wild ,indians4 ,"o day an acc\nt came t a small p>ty =m+ "o ( ! po/as on ! l9e to ,bu5os ,ayres1 _h be5 f\nd all murd]$4 ,! next day ?ree hundr$ m5 arriv$ f ! ,colorado1 "u ! comm& ( ,comm&ant ,mir&a4 ,a l>ge portion ( ^! m5 7 ,indians 7mansos1 or tame71 belong+ to ! tribe ( ! ,cacique ,b]nantio4 ,!y pass$ ! night "h2 & x 0 impossible to conceive any?+ m wild & savage ?an ! sc5e ( _! biv\ac4 ,"s drank till !y 7 intoxicat$2 o!rs swall[$ ! /eam+ blood ( ! cattle slaught]$ = _! supp]s1 & !n1 be+ sick f drunk5ness1 !y ca/ x up aga91 & 7 besme>$ ) fil? & gore4 ,nam simul expletus dapibus1 v9oque sepultus ,c]vicem inflexam posuit1 jacuitque p] antrum ,imm5sus1 saniem eructans1 ac fru/a cru5ta ,p] somnum commixta m]o4 ,9 ! morn+ !y />t$ = ! sc5e ( ! murd]1 ) ord]s to foll[ ! ra/ro1 or track1 ev5 if x l$ !m to ,*ile4 ,we subsequ5tly he>d t ! wild ,indians _h escap$ into ! great ,pampas1 & f "s cause ! track _h be5 miss$4 ,"o glance at ! ra/ro tells ^! p a :ole hi/ory4 ,suppos+ !y exam9e ! track ( a ?\s& horses1 !y w soon guess ! numb] ( m\nt$ ones by see+ h[ _m h cant]$2 by ! dep? ( ! o!r impressions1 :e!r any horses 7 load$ ) c>goes2 by ! irregul>ity ( ! foot/eps1 h[ f> tir$2 by ! mann] 9 :i* ! food has be5 cook$1 :e!r ! pursu$ travell$ 9 ha/e2 by ! g5]al appe>ance1 h[ long x has be5 s9ce !y pass$4 ,!y consid] a ra/ro ( t5 days or a =tnight1 q rec5t en\gh to be hunt$ out4 ,we also he>d t ,mir&a /ruck f ! we/ end ( ! ,si]ra ,v5tana1 9 a direct l9e to ! isl& ( ,*ole*el1 situat$ sev5ty leagues up ! ,rio ,negro4 ,?is is a di/ance ( betwe5 two & ?ree hundr$ miles1 ?r\gh a c\ntry completely unkn[n4 ,:at o!r troops 9 ! _w are s indep5d5t8 ,) ! sun = _! guide1 m>e's fle% = food1 _! saddle-clo?s = b$s1--z long z !re is a little wat]1 ^! m5 w\ld p5etrate to ! end ( ! _w4 ,a few days aft]w>ds ,i saw ano!r troop ( ^! b&itti-l soldi]s />t on an exp$ition aga9/ a tribe ( ,indians at ! small ,sal9as1 :o _h be5 betray$ by a prison] cacique4 ,! ,spani>d :o br\ght ! ord]s = ?is exp$ition 0 a v intellig5t man4 ,he gave me an acc\nt ( ! la/ engagem5t at :i* he 0 pres5t4 ,"s ,indians1 :o _h be5 tak5 prison]s1 gave in=mation ( a tribe liv+ nor? ( ! ,colorado4 ,two hundr$ soldi]s 7 s5t2 & !y fir/ discov]$ ! ,indians by a cl\d ( du/ f _! horses' feet1 z !y *anc$ to be travell+4 ,! c\ntry 0 m\nta9\s & wild1 & x mu/ h be5 f> 9 ! int]ior1 = ! ,cordill]a 7 9 sight4 ,! ,indians1 m51 wom51 & *ildr51 7 ab\t "o hundr$ & t5 9 numb]1 & !y 7 ne>ly all tak5 or kill$1 = ! soldi]s sabre e man4 ,! ,indians are n[ s t]rifi$ t !y (f] no resi/ance 9 a body1 b ea* flies1 neglect+ ev5 8 wife & *ildr52 b :5 ov]tak51 l wild animals1 !y fight aga9/ any numb] to ! la/ mom5t4 ,"o dy+ ,indian seiz$ ) 8 tee? ! ?umb ( 8 adv]s>y1 & all[$ 8 own eye to be =c$ out soon] ?an rel9qui% 8 hold4 ,ano!r1 :o 0 w\nd$1 feign$ dea?1 keep+ a knife ready to /rike "o m fatal bl[4 ,my in=m] said1 :5 he 0 pursu+ an ,indian1 ! man cri$ out = m]cy1 at ! same "t t he 0 cov]tly loos+ ! bolas f 8 wai/1 mean+ to :irl x r\nd 8 head & s /rike 8 pursu]4 ,i h[ev] /ruck him ) my sabre to ! gr\nd1 & !n got (f my horse1 & cut 8 ?roat ) my knife4 ,?is is a d>k picture2 b h[ mu* m %ock+ is ! unque/ionable fact1 t all ! wom5 :o appe> above tw5ty ye>s old are massacr$ 9 cold blood6 ,:5 ,i exclaim$ t ?is appe>$ r inhuman1 he answ]$1 ,:y1 :at c be done8 !y bre$ s6 ,e "o "h is fully conv9c$ t ?is is ! mo/ j w>1 because x is aga9/ b>b>ians4 ,:o w\ld believe 9 ?is age t su* atrocities c\ld be committ$ 9 a ,*ri/ian civiliz$ c\ntry8 ,! *ildr5 ( ! ,indians are sav$1 to be sold or giv5 away z s]vants1 or r slaves = z long a "t z ! own]s c make !m believe !mselves slaves2 b ,i believe 9 _! treatm5t !re is little to compla9 (4 ,9 ! battle f\r m5 ran away toge!r4 ,!y 7 pursu$1 "o 0 kill$1 & ! o!r ?ree 7 tak5 alive4 ,!y turn$ out to be mess5g]s or ambassadors f a l>ge body ( ,indians1 unit$ 9 ! common cause ( def5ce1 ne> ! ,cordill]a4 ,! tribe to :i* !y _h be5 s5t 0 on ! po9t ( hold+ a gr& c\ncil1 ! fea/ ( m>e's fle% 0 ready1 & ! dance prep>$3 9 ! morn+ ! ambassadors 7 to h return$ to ! ,cordill]a4 ,!y 7 rem>kably f9e m51 v fair1 above six feet high1 & all "u ?irty ye>s ( age4 ,! ?ree survivors ( c\rse possess$ v valuable in=mation & to extort ?is !y 7 plac$ 9 a l9e4 ,! two fir/ be+ que/ion$1 answ]$1 ,no se 7,i d n "k71 & 7 "o aft] ! o!r %ot4 ,! ?ird also said ,no se2 add+1 ,fire1 ,i am a man1 & c die6 ,n "o syllable w\ld !y brea! to injure ! unit$ cause ( _! c\ntry6 ,! conduct ( ! above-m5tion$ cacique 0 v diff]5t2 he sav$ 8 life by betray+ ! int5d$ plan ( w>f>e1 & ! po9t ( union 9 ! ,&es4 ,x 0 believ$ t !re 7 already six or sev5 hundr$ ,indians toge!r1 & t 9 summ] _! numb]s w\ld be d\bl$4 ,ambassadors 7 to h be5 s5t to ! ,indians at ! small ,sal9as1 ne> ,bahia ,blanca1 :om ,i h m5tion$ t ?is same cacique _h betray$4 ,! communication1 !re=e1 betwe5 ! ,indians1 ext5ds f ! ,cordill]a to ! coa/ ( ! ,atlantic4 ,g5]al ,rosas's plan is to kill all /raggl]s1 & hav+ driv5 ! rema9d] to a common po9t1 to attack !m 9 a body1 9 ! summ]1 ) ! assi/ance ( ! ,*il5os4 ,?is op]ation is to be repeat$ = ?ree successive ye>s4 ,i imag9e ! summ] is *os5 z ! "t = ! ma9 attack1 because ! pla9s are !n )\t wat]1 & ! ,indians c only travel 9 p>ticul> directions4 ,! escape ( ! ,indians to ! s\? ( ! ,rio ,negro1 :]e 9 su* a va/ unkn[n c\ntry !y w\ld be safe1 is prev5t$ by a treaty ) ! ,tehuel*es to ?is effect2--t ,rosas pays !m s mu* to slaught] e ,indian :o passes to ! s\? ( ! riv]1 b if !y fail 9 s do+1 !y !mselves are to be ext]m9at$4 ,! w> is wag$ *iefly aga9/ ! ,indians ne> ! ,cordill]a2 = _m ( ! tribes on ?is ea/]n side are fight+ ) ,rosas4 ,! g5]al1 h[ev]1 l ,"l ,*e/]field1 ?9k+ t 8 fri5ds may 9 a future day become 8 enemies1 always places !m 9 ! front ranks1 s t _! numb]s may be ?9n$4 ,s9ce leav+ ,s\? ,am]ica we h he>d t ?is w> ( ext]m9ation completely fail$4 ,among ! captive girls tak5 9 ! same engagem5t1 !re 7 two v pretty ,spani% ones1 :o _h be5 c>ri$ away by ! ,indians :5 "y1 & c\ld n[ only speak ! ,indian tongue4 ,f _! acc\nt !y mu/ h come f ,salta1 a di/ance 9 a /raight l9e ( ne>ly "o ?\s& miles4 ,?is gives "o a gr& idea ( ! imm5se t]ritory ov] :i* ! ,indians roam3 yet1 great z x is1 ,i ?9k !re w n1 9 ano!r half-c5tury1 be a wild ,indian nor?w>d ( ! ,rio ,negro4 ,! w>f>e is too bloody to la/2 ! ,*ri/ians kill+ e ,indian1 & ! ,indians do+ ! same by ! ,*ri/ians4 ,x is melan*oly to trace h[ ! ,indians h giv5 way be=e ! ,spani% invad]s4 ,s*irdel #ba says t 9 #aece1 :5 ,bu5os ,ayres 0 f\nd$1 !re 7 villages conta9+ two & ?ree ?\s& inhabitants4 ,ev5 9 ,falcon]'s "t 7#agej7 ! ,indians made inroads z f> z ,luxan1 ,areco1 & ,arrecife1 b n[ !y are driv5 beyond ! ,salado4 ,n only h :ole tribes be5 ext]m9at$1 b ! rema9+ ,indians h become m b>b>\s3 in/ead ( liv+ 9 l>ge villages1 & be+ employ$ 9 ! arts ( fi%+1 z well z ( ! *ase1 !y n[ w&] ab\t ! op5 pla9s1 )\t home or fix$ occupation4 ,i he>d also "s acc\nt ( an engagem5t :i* took place1 a few weeks previ\sly to ! "o m5tion$1 at ,*ole*el4 ,?is is a v important /ation on acc\nt ( be+ a pass = horses2 & x 01 9 consequ5ce1 = "s "t ! head-qu>t]s ( a division ( ! army4 ,:5 ! troops fir/ arriv$ !re !y f\nd a tribe ( ,indians1 ( :om !y kill$ tw5ty or ?irty4 ,! cacique escap$ 9 a mann] :i* a/oni%$ e "o4 ,! *ief ,indians always h "o or two pick$ horses1 :i* !y keep ready = any urg5t occasion4 ,on "o ( ^!1 an old :ite horse1 ! cacique sprung1 tak+ ) him 8 little son4 ,! horse _h nei!r saddle nor bridle4 ,to avoid ! %ots1 ! ,indian rode 9 ! peculi> me?od ( 8 nation namely1 ) an arm r\nd ! horse's neck1 & "o leg only on its back4 ,?us hang+ on "o side1 he 0 se5 patt+ ! horse's head1 & talk+ to him4 ,! pursu]s urg$ e ef=t 9 ! *ase2 ! ,comm&ant ?ree times *ang$ 8 horse1 b all 9 va94 ,! old ,indian fa!r & 8 son escap$1 & 7 free4 ,:at a f9e picture "o c =m 9 "o's m9d1--! nak$1 bronze-l figure ( ! old man ) 8 little boy1 rid+ l a ,mazeppa on ! :ite horse1 ?us leav+ f> beh9d him ! ho/ ( 8 pursu]s6 ,i saw "o day a soldi] /rik+ fire ) a piece ( fl9t1 :i* ,i imm$iately recognis$ z hav+ be5 a "p ( ! head ( an arr[4 ,he told me x 0 f\nd ne> ! isl& ( ,*ole*el1 & t !y are frequ5tly pick$ up !re4 ,x 0 betwe5 two & ?ree in*es long1 & !re=e twice z l>ge z ^? n[ us$ 9 ,ti]ra del ,fuego3 x 0 made ( opaque cream-col\r$ fl9t1 b ! po9t & b>bs _h be5 int5tionally brok5 (f4 ,x is well kn[n t no ,pampas ,indians n[ use b[s & arr[s4 ,i believe a small tribe 9 ,b&a ,ori5tal mu/ be except$2 b !y are widely sep>at$ f ! ,pampas ,indians1 & bord] close on ^? tribes t inhabit ! =e/1 & live on foot4 ,x appe>s1 !re=e1 t ^! arr[-heads are antiqu>ian #bb relics ( ! ,indians1 be=e ! great *ange 9 habits consequ5t on ! introduction ( ! horse into ,s\? ,am]ica4 #a ,s9ce ?is 0 writt51 ,m4 ,alcide d',orb+y has exam9$ ^! %ells1 & pron\nces !m all to be rec5t4 #b ,m4 ,aug4 ,brav>d has describ$1 9 a ,spani% "w 7',obs]vaciones ,geologicas1' #aheg71 ?is di/rict1 & he believes t ! bones ( ! ext9ct mammals 7 wa%$ out ( ! und]ly+ ,pampean deposit1 & subsequ5tly became emb$d$ ) ! /ill exi/+ %ells2 b ,i am n conv9c$ by 8 rem>ks4 ,m4 ,brav>d believes t ! :ole enorm\s ,pampean deposit is a sub-a]ial =mation1 l s&-dunes3 ?is seems to me to be an unt5able doctr9e4 #c ,pr9ciples ( ,geology1 vol4 iv4 p4 #dj4 #d ,?is !ory 0 fir/ develop$ 9 ! ,zoology ( ! ,voyage ( ! ,beagle1 & subsequ5tly 9 ,pr(essor ,ow5's ,memoir on ,mylodon robu/us4 #e ,i mean ?is to exclude ! total am\nt :i* may h be5 successively produc$ & consum$ dur+ a giv5 p]iod4 #f ,travels 9 ! ,int]ior ( ,s\? ,africa1 vol4 ii4 p4 #bjg #g ,! elephant :i* 0 kill$ at ,exet] ,*ange 0 e/imat$ 7be+ p>tly weigh$7 at five tons & a half4 ,! elephant actress1 z ,i 0 in=m$1 weigh$ "o ton less2 s t we may take five z ! av]age ( a full-gr[n elephant4 ,i 0 told at ! ,surry ,g>d5s1 t a hippopotamus :i* 0 s5t to ,engl& cut up into pieces 0 e/imat$ at ?ree tons & a half2 we w call x ?ree4 ,f ^! premises we may give ?ree tons & a half to ea* ( ! five rh9oc]oses2 p]haps a ton to ! giraffe1 & half to ! bos caff] z well z to ! elan 7a l>ge ox weighs f #abjj to #aejj p\nds74 ,?is w give an av]age 7f ! above e/imates7 ( #b4g ( a ton = ! t5 l>ge/ h]bivor\s animals ( ,s\!rn ,africa4 ,9 ,s\? ,am]ica1 all[+ #abjj p\nds = ! two tapirs toge!r1 #eej = ! guanaco & vicuna1 #ejj = ?ree de]1 #cjj = ! capyb>a1 pecc>i1 & a monkey1 we %all h an av]age ( #bej p\nds1 :i* ,i believe is ov]/at+ ! result4 ,! ratio w !re=e be z #fjdh to #bej1 or #bd to #a1 = ! t5 l>ge/ animals f ! two cont95ts4 #h ,if we suppose ! case ( ! discov]y ( a skeleton ( a ,gre5l& :ale 9 a fossil /ate1 n a s+le cetace\s animal be+ kn[n to exi/1 :at naturali/ w\ld h v5tur$ conjecture on ! possibility ( a c>cass s gigantic be+ support$ on ! m9ute cru/acea & mollusca liv+ 9 ! froz5 seas ( ! extreme ,nor?8 #i ,see ,zoological ,rem>ks to ,capt4 ,back's ,exp$ition1 by ,dr4 ,ri*>dson4 ,he says1 ,! subsoil nor? ( latitude #ef degs4 is p]petually froz51 ! ?aw on ! coa/ n p5etrat+ above ?ree feet1 & at ,be> ,lake1 9 latitude #fd degs41 n m ?an tw5ty in*es4 ,! froz5 sub/ratum does n ( itself de/roy vegetation1 = =e/s fl\ri% on ! surface1 at a di/ance f ! coa/4 #aj ,see ,humboldt1 ,fragm5ts ,asiatiques1 p4 #chf3 ,b>ton's ,geography ( ,plants3 & ,malte ,brun4 ,9 ! latt] "w x is said t ! limit ( ! gr[? ( trees 9 ,sib]ia may be drawn "u ! p>allel ( #gj degs4 #aa ,/urt's ,travels1 vol4 ii4 p4 #gd4 #ab ,a ,gau*o assur$ me t he _h once se5 a sn[-:ite or ,alb9o v>iety1 & t x 0 a mo/ beautiful bird4 #ac ,bur*ell's ,travels1 vol4 i4 p4 #bhj4 #ad ,az>a1 vol4 iv4 p4 #agc4 #ae ,li*t5/e91 h[ev]1 ass]ts 7,travels1 vol4 ii4 p4 #be7 t ! h5s beg9 sitt+ :5 !y h laid t5 or twelve eggs2 & t !y cont9ue lay+1 ,i presume1 9 ano!r ne/4 ,?is appe>s to me v improbable4 ,he ass]ts t f\r or five h5s associate = incubation ) "o cock1 :o sits only at night4 #af ,:5 at ! ,rio ,negro1 we he>d mu* ( ! indefatigable lab\rs ( ?is naturali/4 ,m4 ,alcide d',orbigny1 dur+ ! ye>s #ahbe to #ahcc1 trav]s$ sev]al l>ge portions ( ,s\? ,am]ica1 & has made a collection1 & is n[ publi%+ ! results on a scale ( magnific5ce1 :i* at once places himself 9 ! li/ ( ,am]ican travell]s second only to ,humboldt4 #ag ,acc\nt ( ! ,abipones1 ,a4,d4 #agdi1 vol4 i4 7,engli% ,translation7 p4 #cad #ah ,m4 ,bibron calls x ,t4 crepitans4 #ai ,! cavities lead+ f ! fle%y comp>tm5ts ( ! extremity1 7 fill$ ) a yell[ pulpy matt]1 :i*1 exam9$ "u a microscope1 pres5t$ an extraord9>y appe>ance4 ,! mass consi/$ ( r\nd$1 semi-transp>5t1 irregul> gra9s1 aggregat$ toge!r into p>ticles ( v>i\s sizes4 ,all su* p>ticles1 & ! sep>ate gra9s1 possess$ ! p[] ( rapid movem5t2 g5]ally revolv+ ar\nd diff]5t axes1 b sometimes progressive4 ,! movem5t 0 visible ) a v weak p[]1 b ev5 ) ! highe/ its cause c\ld n be p]ceiv$4 ,x 0 v diff]5t f ! circulation ( ! fluid 9 ! ela/ic bag1 conta9+ ! ?9 extremity ( ! axis4 ,on o!r occasions1 :5 dissect+ small m>9e animals b5ea? ! microscope1 ,i h se5 p>ticles ( pulpy matt]1 "s ( l>ge size1 z soon z !y 7 dis5gag$1 comm5ce revolv+4 ,i h imag9$1 ,i "k n ) h[ mu* tru?1 t ?is granulo-pulpy matt] 0 9 process ( be+ conv]t$ into ova4 ,c]ta9ly 9 ?is zoophyte su* appe>$ to be ! case4 #bj ,k]r's ,collection ( ,voyages1 vol4 viii4 p4 #aai4 #ba ,pur*as's ,collection ( ,voyages4 ,i believe ! date 0 really #aecg4 #bb ,az>a has ev5 d\bt$ :e!r ! ,pampas ,indians ev] us$ b[s4 ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,bahia ,,blanca ,,to ,,bu5os ,,ayres ,set out = ,bu5os ,ayres--,rio ,sauce--,si]ra ,v5tana--,?ird ,po/a--,driv+ ,horses--,bolas--,p>tridges & ,foxes--,features ( ! ,c\ntry--,long-legg$ ,plov]--,t]u-t]o--,hail-/orm--,natural ,enclosures 9 ! ,si]ra ,tapalgu5--,fle% ( ,puma--,meat ,diet--,gu>dia del ,monte--,effects ( ,cattle on ! ,vegetation--,c>doon--,bu5os ,ayres--,corral :]e ,cattle are ,slaught]$4 ,,septemb] #ah?4--,i hir$ a ,gau*o to accompany me on my ride to ,bu5os ,ayres1 ?\gh ) "s difficulty1 z ! fa!r ( "o man 0 afraid to let him g1 & ano!r1 :o seem$ will+1 0 describ$ to me z s fe>ful1 t ,i 0 afraid to take him1 = ,i 0 told t ev5 if he saw an o/ri* at a di/ance1 he w\ld mi/ake x = an ,indian1 & w\ld fly l ! w9d away4 ,! di/ance to ,bu5os ,ayres is ab\t f\r hundr$ miles1 & ne>ly ! :ole way ?r\gh an un9habit$ c\ntry4 ,we />t$ e>ly 9 ! morn+2 asc5d+ a few hundr$ feet f ! bas9 ( gre5 turf on :i* ,bahia ,blanca /&s1 we ent]$ on a wide desolate pla94 ,x consi/s ( a crumbl+ argillaceo-calc>e\s rock1 :i*1 f ! dry nature ( ! climate1 supports only scatt]$ tufts ( )]$ grass1 )\t a s+le bu% or tree to break ! monoton\s uni=mity4 ,! wea!r 0 f9e1 b ! atmosph]e rem>kably hazy2 ,i ?\ght ! appe>ance =ebod$ a gale1 b ! ,gau*os said x 0 ow+ to ! pla91 at "s great di/ance 9 ! int]ior1 be+ on fire4 ,aft] a long gallop1 hav+ *ang$ horses twice1 we rea*$ ! ,rio ,sauce3 x is a deep1 rapid1 little /ream1 n above tw5ty-five feet wide4 ,! second po/a on ! road to ,bu5os ,ayres /&s on its banks1 a little above !re is a =d = horses1 :]e ! wat] does n rea* to ! horses' belly2 b f t po9t1 9 its c\rse to ! sea1 x is q impassable1 & h5ce makes a mo/ useful b>ri] aga9/ ! ,indians4 ,insignificant z ?is /ream is1 ! ,jesuit ,falcon]1 ^: in=mation is g5]ally s v correct1 figures x z a consid]able riv]1 ris+ at ! foot ( ! ,cordill]a4 ,) respect to its s\rce1 ,i d n d\bt t ?is is ! case = ! ,gau*os assur$ me1 t 9 ! middle ( ! dry summ]1 ?is /ream1 at ! same "t ) ! ,colorado has p]iodical floods2 :i* c only orig9ate 9 ! sn[ melt+ on ! ,&es4 ,x is extremely improbable t a /ream s small z ! ,sauce !n 01 %\ld trav]se ! entire wid? ( ! cont95t2 & inde$1 if x 7 ! residue ( a l>ge riv]1 its wat]s1 z 9 o!r asc]ta9$ cases1 w\ld be sal9e4 ,dur+ ! w9t] we mu/ look to ! spr+s r\nd ! ,si]ra ,v5tana z ! s\rce ( its pure & limpid /ream4 ,i suspect ! pla9s ( ,patagonia l ^? ( ,au/ralia1 are trav]s$ by _m wat]-c\rses :i* only p]=m _! prop] p>ts at c]ta9 p]iods4 ,probably ?is is ! case ) ! wat] :i* fl[s into ! head ( ,port ,desire1 & likewise ) ! ,rio ,*upat1 on ! banks ( :i* masses ( highly cellul> scoriae 7 f\nd by ! (fic]s employ$ 9 ! survey4 ,z x 0 e>ly 9 ! aft]noon :5 we arriv$1 we took fre% horses1 & a soldi] = a guide1 & />t$ = ! ,si]ra de la ,v5tana4 ,?is m\nta9 is visible f ! an*orage at ,bahia ,blanca2 & ,capt4 ,fitz ,roy calculates its height to be #ccdj feet--an altitude v rem>kable on ?is ea/]n side ( ! cont95t4 ,i am n aw>e t any =eign]1 previ\s to my visit1 _h asc5d$ ?is m\nta92 & inde$ v few ( ! soldi]s at ,bahia ,blanca knew any?+ ab\t x4 ,h5ce we he>d ( b$s ( coal1 ( gold & silv]1 ( caves1 & ( =e/s1 all ( :i* inflam$ my curiosity1 only to disappo9t x4 ,! di/ance f ! po/a 0 ab\t six leagues ov] a level pla9 ( ! same "* z be=e4 ,! ride 01 h[ev]1 int]e/+1 z ! m\nta9 began to %[ its true =m4 ,:5 we rea*$ ! foot ( ! ma9 ridge1 we _h mu* difficulty 9 f9d+ any wat]1 & we ?\ght we %\ld h be5 oblig$ to h pass$ ! night )\t any4 ,at la/ we discov]$ "s by look+ close to ! m\nta91 = at ! di/ance ev5 ( a few hundr$ y>ds ! /reamlets 7 buri$ & entirely lo/ 9 ! friable calc>e\s /one & loose detritus4 ,i d n ?9k ,nature ev] made a m solit>y1 desolate pile ( rock2--x well des]ves its "n ( ,hurtado1 or sep>at$4 ,! m\nta9 is /eep1 extremely rugg$1 & brok51 & s entirely de/itute ( trees1 & ev5 bu%es1 t we actually c\ld n make a skew] to /ret* out our meat ov] ! fire ( ?i/le-/alks4 #a ,! /range aspect ( ?is m\nta9 is contra/$ by ! sea-l pla91 :i* n only abuts aga9/ its /eep sides1 b likewise sep>ates ! p>allel ranges4 ,! uni=mity ( ! col\r+ gives an extreme quietness to ! view1--! :iti% grey ( ! qu>tz rock1 & ! light br[n ( ! )]$ grass ( ! pla91 be+ unreliev$ by any bright] t9t4 ,f cu/om1 "o expects to see 9 ! neighb\rhood ( a l(ty & bold m\nta91 a brok5 c\ntry /rew$ ov] ) huge fragm5ts4 ,"h nature %[s t ! la/ movem5t be=e ! b$ ( ! sea is *ang$ into dry l& may sometimes be "o ( tranquillity4 ,"u ^! circum/ances ,i 0 curi\s to obs]ve h[ f> f ! p>5t rock any pebbles c\ld be f\nd4 ,on ! %ores ( ,bahia ,blanca1 & ne> ! settlem5t1 !re 7 "s ( qu>tz1 :i* c]ta9ly mu/ h come f ?is s\rce3 ! di/ance is =ty-five miles4 ,! dew1 :i* 9 ! e>ly "p ( ! night wett$ ! saddle-clo?s "u :i* we slept1 0 9 ! morn+ froz54 ,! pla91 ?\gh appe>+ horizontal1 _h ins5sibly slop$ up to a height ( betwe5 #hjj & #ijj feet above ! sea4 ,9 ! morn+ 7#i? ( ,septemb]7 ! guide told me to asc5d ! ne>e/ ridge1 :i* he ?\ght w\ld lead me to ! f\r peaks t cr[n ! summit4 ,! climb+ up su* r\gh rocks 0 v fatigu+2 ! sides 7 s ind5t$1 t :at 0 ga9$ 9 "o five m9utes 0 (t5 lo/ 9 ! next4 ,at la/1 :5 ,i rea*$ ! ridge1 my disappo9tm5t 0 extreme 9 f9d+ a precipit\s valley z deep z ! pla91 :i* cut ! *a9 transv]sely 9 two1 & sep>at$ me f ! f\r po9ts4 ,?is valley is v n>r[1 b flat-bottom$1 & x =ms a f9e horse-pass = ! ,indians1 z x connects ! pla9s on ! nor!rn & s\!rn sides ( ! range4 ,hav+ desc5d$1 & :ile cross+ x1 ,i saw two horses graz+3 ,i imm$iately hid myself 9 ! long grass1 & began to reconnoitre2 b z ,i c\ld see no signs ( ,indians ,i proce$$ cauti\sly on my second asc5t4 ,x 0 late 9 ! day1 & ?is "p ( ! m\nta91 l ! o!r1 0 /eep & rugg$4 ,i 0 on ! top ( ! second peak by two o'clock1 b got !re ) extreme difficulty2 e tw5ty y>ds ,i _h ! cramp 9 ! upp] "p ( bo? ?ighs1 s t ,i 0 afraid ,i %\ld n h be5 able to h got d[n aga94 ,x 0 also necess>y to return by ano!r road1 z x 0 out ( ! "q to pass ov] ! saddle-back4 ,i 0 !re=e oblig$ to give up ! two high] peaks4 ,_! altitude 0 b little great]1 & e purpose ( geology _h be5 answ]$2 s t ! attempt 0 n wor? ! haz>d ( any fur!r ex]tion4 ,i presume ! cause ( ! cramp 0 ! great *ange 9 ! k9d ( muscul> action1 f t ( h>d rid+ to t ( /ill h>d] climb+4 ,x is a lesson wor? rememb]+1 z 9 "s cases x might cause mu* difficulty4 ,i h already said ! m\nta9 is compos$ ( :ite qu>tz rock1 & ) x a little glossy clay-slate is associat$4 ,at ! height ( a few hundr$ feet above ! pla9 pat*es ( conglom]ate adh]$ 9 sev]al places to ! solid rock4 ,!y resembl$ 9 h>dness1 & 9 ! nature ( ! cem5t1 ! masses :i* may be se5 daily =m+ on "s coa/s4 ,i d n d\bt ^! pebbles 7 9 a simil> mann] aggregat$1 at a p]iod :5 ! great calc>e\s =mation 0 deposit+ b5ea? ! surr\nd+ sea4 ,we may believe t ! jagg$ & batt]$ =ms ( ! h>d qu>tz yet %[ ! effects ( ! waves ( an op5 ocean4 ,i 01 on ! :ole1 disappo9t$ ) ?is asc5t4 ,ev5 ! view 0 insignificant2--a pla9 l ! sea1 b )\t its beautiful col\r & def9$ outl9e4 ,! sc5e1 h[ev]1 0 novel1 & a little dang]1 l salt to meat1 gave x a reli%4 ,t ! dang] 0 v little 0 c]ta91 = my two companions made a good fire--a ?+ :i* is nev] done :5 x is suspect$ t ,indians are ne>4 ,i rea*$ ! place ( our biv\ac by sunset1 & dr9k+ mu* mate1 & smok+ sev]al cig>itos1 soon made up my b$ = ! night4 ,! w9d 0 v /rong & cold1 b ,i nev] slept m com=tably4 ,septemb] #aj?4--,9 ! morn+1 hav+ fairly scudd$ be=e ! gale1 we arriv$ by ! middle ( ! day at ! ,sauce po/a4 ,9 ! road we saw great numb]s ( de]1 & ne> ! m\nta9 a guanaco4 ,! pla91 :i* abuts aga9/ ! ,si]ra1 is trav]s$ by "s curi\s gullies1 ( :i* "o 0 ab\t tw5ty feet wide1 & at lea/ ?irty deep2 we 7 oblig$ 9 consequ5ce to make a consid]able circuit be=e we c\ld f9d a pass4 ,we /ay$ ! night at ! po/a1 ! conv]sation1 z 0 g5]ally ! case1 be+ ab\t ! ,indians4 ,! ,si]ra ,v5tana 0 =m]ly a great place ( resort2 & ?ree or f\r ye>s ago !re 0 mu* fight+ !re4 ,my guide _h be5 pres5t :5 _m ,indians 7 kill$3 ! wom5 escap$ to ! top ( ! ridge1 & f\ght mo/ desp]ately ) great /ones2 _m ?us sav+ !mselves4 ,septemb] #aa?4--,proce$$ to ! ?ird po/a 9 company ) ! lieut5ant :o comm&$ x4 ,! di/ance is call$ fifte5 leagues2 b x is only guess-"w1 & is g5]ally ov]/at$4 ,! road 0 un9t]e/+1 ov] a dry grassy pla92 & on our left h& at a great] or less di/ance !re 7 "s l[ hills2 a cont9uation ( :i* we cross$ close to ! po/a4 ,be=e our arrival we met a l>ge h]d ( cattle & horses1 gu>d$ by fifte5 soldi]s2 b we 7 told _m _h be5 lo/4 ,x is v difficult to drive animals across ! pla9s2 = if 9 ! night a puma1 or ev5 a fox1 approa*es1 no?+ c prev5t ! horses disp]s+ 9 e direction2 & a /orm w h ! same effect4 ,a %ort "t s9ce1 an (fic] left ,bu5os ,ayres ) five hundr$ horses1 & :5 he arriv$ at ! army he _h "u tw5ty4 ,soon aft]w>ds we p]ceiv$ by ! cl\d ( du/1 t a p>ty ( horsem5 7 com+ t[>ds u2 :5 f> di/ant my companions knew !m to be ,indians1 by _! long hair /ream+ beh9d _! backs4 ,! ,indians g5]ally h a fillet r\nd _! heads1 b nev] any cov]+2 & _! black hair bl[+ across _! sw>?y faces1 height5s to an uncommon degree ! wildness ( _! appe>ance4 ,!y turn$ out to be a p>ty ( ,b]nantio's fri5dly tribe1 go+ to a sal9a = salt4 ,! ,indians eat mu* salt1 _! *ildr5 suck+ x l sug>4 ,?is habit is v diff]5t f t ( ! ,spani% ,gau*os1 :o1 lead+ ! same k9d ( life1 eat sc>cely any2 accord+ to ,mungo ,p>k1 #b x is p :o live on vegetable food :o h an unconqu]able desire = salt4 ,! ,indians gave u good-hum\r$ nods z !y pass$ at full gallop1 driv+ be=e !m a troop ( horses1 & foll[$ by a tra9 ( lanky dogs4 ,septemb] #ab? & #ac?4--,i /ay$ at ?is po/a two days1 wait+ = a troop ( soldi]s1 :i* ,g5]al ,rosas _h ! k9dness to s5d to in=m me1 w\ld %ortly travel to ,bu5os ,ayres2 & he advis$ me to take ! opportunity ( ! escort4 ,9 ! morn+ we rode to "s neighb\r+ hills to view ! c\ntry1 & to exam9e ! geology4 ,aft] d9n] ! soldi]s divid$ !mselves into two p>ties = a trial ( skill ) ! bolas4 ,two spe>s 7 /uck 9 ! gr\nd tw5ty-five y>ds ap>t1 b !y 7 /ruck & entangl$ only once 9 f\r or five times4 ,! balls c be ?r[n fifty or sixty y>ds1 b ) little c]ta9ty4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 does n apply to a man on horseback2 = :5 ! spe$ ( ! horse is add$ to ! =ce ( ! arm1 x is said1 t !y c be :irl$ ) effect to ! di/ance ( eighty y>ds4 ,z a pro( ( _! =ce1 ,i may m5tion1 t at ! ,falkl& ,isl&s1 :5 ! ,spani>ds murd]$ "s ( _! own c\ntrym5 & all ! ,engli%m51 a "y fri5dly ,spani>d 0 runn+ away1 :5 a great tall man1 by "n ,luciano1 came at full gallop aft] him1 %\t+ to him to /op1 & say+ t he only want$ to speak to him4 ,j z ! ,spani>d 0 on ! po9t ( rea*+ ! boat1 ,luciano ?rew ! balls3 !y /ruck him on ! legs ) su* a j]k1 z to ?r[ him d[n & to r5d] him = "s "t ins5sible4 ,! man1 aft] ,luciano _h _h 8 talk1 0 all[$ to escape4 ,he told u t 8 legs 7 m>k$ by great weals1 :]e ! ?ong _h w\nd r\nd1 z if he _h be5 flogg$ ) a :ip4 ,9 ! middle ( ! day two m5 arriv$1 :o br\ght a p>cel f ! next po/a to be =w>d$ to ! g5]al3 s t besides ^! two1 our p>ty consi/$ ?is ev5+ ( my guide & self1 ! lieut5ant1 & 8 f\r soldi]s4 ,! latt] 7 /range be+s2 ! fir/ a f9e "y negro2 ! second half ,indian & negro2 & ! two o!rs non-descripts2 namely1 an old ,*ilian m9]1 ! col\r ( mahogany1 & ano!r p>tly a mulatto2 b two su* mongrels ) su* dete/able expressions1 ,i nev] saw be=e4 ,at night1 :5 !y 7 sitt+ r\nd ! fire1 & play+ at c>ds1 ,i retir$ to view su* a ,salvator ,rosa sc5e4 ,!y 7 seat$ "u a l[ cliff1 s t ,i c\ld look d[n ^u !m2 ar\nd ! p>ty 7 ly+ dogs1 arms1 remnants ( de] & o/ri*es2 & _! long spe>s 7 /uck 9 ! turf4 ,fur!r 9 ! d>k backgr\nd1 _! horses 7 ti$ up1 ready = any sudd5 dang]4 ,if ! /illness ( ! desolate pla9 0 brok5 by "o ( ! dogs b>k+1 a soldi]1 leav+ ! fire1 w\ld place 8 head close to ! gr\nd1 & ?us sl[ly scan ! horizon4 ,ev5 if ! noisy t]u-t]o utt]$ its scream1 !re w\ld be a pause 9 ! conv]sation1 & e head1 = a mom5t1 a little incl9$4 ,:at a life ( mis]y ^! m5 appe> to u to lead6 ,!y 7 at lea/ t5 leagues f ! ,sauce po/a1 & s9ce ! murd] committ$ by ! ,indians1 tw5ty f ano!r4 ,! ,indians are suppos$ to h made _! attack 9 ! middle ( ! night2 = v e>ly 9 ! morn+ aft] ! murd]1 !y 7 luckily se5 approa*+ ?is po/a4 ,! :ole p>ty "h1 h[ev]1 escap$1 toge!r ) ! troop ( horses2 ea* "o tak+ a l9e = himself1 & driv+ ) him z _m animals z he 0 able to manage4 ,! little hovel1 built ( ?i/le-/alks1 9 :i* !y slept1 nei!r kept out ! w9d nor ra92 inde$ 9 ! latt] case ! only effect ! ro( _h1 0 to cond5se x into l>g] drops4 ,!y _h no?+ to eat except+ :at !y c\ld cat*1 su* z o/ri*es1 de]1 armadilloes1 etc41 & _! only fuel 0 ! dry /alks ( a small plant1 some:at resembl+ an aloe4 ,! sole luxury :i* ^! m5 enjoy$ 0 smok+ ! little pap] cig>s1 & suck+ mate4 ,i us$ to ?9k t ! c>rion vultures1 man's con/ant att5dants on ^! dre>y pla9s1 :ile seat$ on ! little neighb\r+ cliffs seem$ by _! v pati5ce to say1 ,ah6 :5 ! ,indians come we %all h a fea/4 ,9 ! morn+ we all salli$ =? to hunt1 & al?\gh we _h n mu* success1 !re 7 "s animat$ *ases4 ,soon aft] />t+ ! p>ty sep>at$1 & s arrang$ _! plans1 t at a c]ta9 "t ( ! day 79 guess+ :i* !y %[ mu* skill7 !y %\ld all meet f diff]5t po9ts ( ! compass on a pla9 piece ( gr\nd1 & ?us drive toge!r ! wild animals4 ,"o day ,i w5t out hunt+ at ,bahia ,blanca1 b ! m5 !re m]ely rode 9 a cresc5t1 ea* be+ ab\t a qu>t] ( a mile ap>t f ! o!r4 ,a f9e male o/ri* be+ turn$ by ! headmo/ rid]s1 tri$ to escape on "o side4 ,! ,gau*os pursu$ at a reckless pace1 twi/+ _! horses ab\t ) ! mo/ admirable comm&1 & ea* man :irl+ ! balls r\nd 8 head4 ,at l5g? ! =emo/ ?rew !m1 revolv+ ?r\gh ! air3 9 an in/ant ! o/ri* roll$ ov] & ov]1 its legs fairly la%$ toge!r by ! ?ong4 ,! pla9s ab\nd ) ?ree k9ds ( p>tridge1 #c two ( :i* are z l>ge z h5 pheasants4 ,_! de/roy]1 a small & pretty fox1 0 also s+ul>ly num]\s2 9 ! c\rse ( ! day we c\ld n h se5 less ?an =ty or fifty4 ,!y 7 g5]ally ne> _! e>?s1 b ! dogs kill$ "o4 ,:5 we return$ to ! po/a1 we f\nd two ( ! p>ty return$ :o _h be5 hunt+ by !mselves4 ,!y _h kill$ a puma1 & _h f\nd an o/ri*'s ne/ ) tw5ty-sev5 eggs 9 x4 ,ea* ( ^! is said to equal 9 weight elev5 h5's eggs2 s t we obta9$ f ?is "o ne/ z mu* food z #big h5's eggs w\ld h giv54 ,septemb] #ad?4--,z ! soldi]s belong+ to ! next po/a meant to return1 & we %\ld toge!r make a p>ty ( five1 & all arm$1 ,i det]m9$ n to wait = ! expect$ troops4 ,my ho/1 ! lieut5ant1 press$ me mu* to /op4 ,z he _h be5 v oblig+--n only provid+ me ) food1 b l5d+ me 8 private horses--,i want$ to make him "s remun]ation4 ,i ask$ my guide :e!r ,i might d s1 b he told me c]ta9ly n2 t ! only answ] ,i %\ld receive1 probably w\ld be1 ,we h meat = ! dogs 9 our c\ntry1 & !re=e d n grudge x to a ,*ri/ian4 ,x mu/ n be suppos$ t ! rank ( lieut5ant 9 su* an army w\ld at all prev5t ! acceptance ( paym5t3 x 0 only ! high s5se ( hospitality1 :i* e travell] is b\nd to ackn[l$ge z ne>ly univ]sal ?r\gh\t ^! prov9ces4 ,aft] gallop+ "s leagues1 we came to a l[ swampy c\ntry1 :i* ext5ds = ne>ly eighty miles nor?w>d1 z f> z ! ,si]ra ,tapalgu54 ,9 "s p>ts !re 7 f9e damp pla9s1 cov]$ ) grass1 :ile o!rs _h a s(t1 black1 & peaty soil4 ,!re 7 also _m ext5sive b %all[ lakes1 & l>ge b$s ( re$s4 ,! c\ntry on ! :ole resembl$ ! bett] p>ts ( ! ,cambridge%ire f5s4 ,at night we _h "s difficulty 9 f9d+ amid/ ! swamps1 a dry place = our biv\ac4 ,septemb] #ae?4--,rose v e>ly 9 ! morn+ & %ortly aft] pass$ ! po/a :]e ! ,indians _h murd]$ ! five soldi]s4 ,! (fic] _h eighte5 *uzo w\nds 9 8 body4 ,by ! middle ( ! day1 aft] a h>d gallop1 we rea*$ ! fif? po/a3 on acc\nt ( "s difficulty 9 procur+ horses we /ay$ !re ! night4 ,z ?is po9t 0 ! mo/ expos$ on ! :ole l9e1 tw5ty-"o soldi]s 7 /ation$ "h2 at sunset !y return$ f hunt+1 br++ ) !m sev5 de]1 ?ree o/ri*es1 & _m armadilloes & p>tridges4 ,:5 rid+ ?r\gh ! c\ntry1 x is a common practice to set fire to ! pla92 & h5ce at night1 z on ?is occasion1 ! horizon 0 illum9at$ 9 sev]al places by brilliant conflagrations4 ,?is is done p>tly = ! sake ( puzzl+ any /ray ,indians1 b *iefly = improv+ ! pa/ure4 ,9 grassy pla9s unoccupi$ by ! l>g] rum9at+ quadrup$s1 x seems necess>y to remove ! sup]flu\s vegetation by fire1 s z to r5d] ! new ye>'s gr[? s]viceable4 ,! ran*o at ?is place did n boa/ ev5 ( a ro(1 b m]ely consi/$ ( a r+ ( ?i/le-/alks1 to break ! =ce ( ! w9d4 ,x 0 situat$ on ! bord]s ( an ext5sive b %all[ lake1 sw>m+ ) wild f[l1 among :i* ! black-neck$ swan 0 conspicu\s4 ,! k9d ( plov]1 :i* appe>s z if m\nt$ on /ilts 7,himantopus nigricollis71 is "h common 9 flocks ( consid]able size4 ,x has be5 wrongfully accus$ ( inelegance2 :5 wad+ ab\t 9 %all[ wat]1 :i* is its fav\rite resort1 its gait is f> f awkw>d4 ,^! birds 9 a flock utt] a noise1 t s+ul>ly resembles ! cry ( a pack ( small dogs 9 full *ase3 wak+ 9 ! night1 ,i h m ?an once be5 = a mom5t />tl$ at ! di/ant s\nd4 ,! t]u-t]o 7,vanellus cayanus7 is ano!r bird1 :i* (t5 di/urbs ! /illness ( ! night4 ,9 appe>ance & habits x resembles 9 _m respects our peewits2 its w+s1 h[ev]1 are arm$ ) %>p spurs1 l ^? on ! legs ( ! common cock4 ,z our peewit takes its "n f ! s\nd ( its voice1 s does ! t]u-t]o4 ,:ile rid+ ov] ! grassy pla9s1 "o is con/antly pursu$ by ^! birds1 :i* appe> to hate mank9d1 & ,i am sure des]ve to be hat$ = _! nev]-ceas+1 unv>i$1 h>% screams4 ,to ! sportsman !y are mo/ annoy+1 by tell+ e o!r bird & animal ( 8 approa*3 to ! travell] 9 ! c\ntry1 !y may possibly1 z ,mol9a says1 d good1 by w>n+ him ( ! midnight robb]4 ,dur+ ! bre$+ season1 !y attempt1 l our peewits1 by feign+ to be w\nd$1 to draw away f _! ne/s dogs & o!r enemies4 ,! eggs ( ?is bird are e/eem$ a great delicacy4 ,septemb] #af?4--,to ! sev5? po/a at ! foot ( ! ,si]ra ,tapalgu54 ,! c\ntry 0 q level1 ) a co>se h]bage & a s(t peaty soil4 ,! hovel 0 "h rem>kably neat1 ! po/s & raft]s be+ made ( ab\t a doz5 dry ?i/le-/alks b\nd toge!r ) ?ongs ( hide2 & by ! support ( ^! ,ionic-l columns1 ! ro( & sides 7 ?at*$ ) re$s4 ,we 7 "h told a fact1 :i* ,i w\ld n h cr$it$1 if ,i _h n _h p>tly ocul> pro( ( x2 namely1 t1 dur+ ! previ\s night hail z l>ge z small apples1 & extremely h>d1 _h fall5 ) su* viol5ce1 z to kill ! great] numb] ( ! wild animals4 ,"o ( ! m5 _h already f\nd ?irte5 de] 7,c]vus campe/ris7 ly+ dead1 & ,i saw _! fre% hides2 ano!r ( ! p>ty1 a few m9utes aft] my arrival br\ght 9 sev5 m4 ,n[ ,i well "k1 t "o man )\t dogs c\ld h>dly h kill$ sev5 de] 9 a week4 ,! m5 believ$ !y _h se5 ab\t fifte5 o/ri*es 7"p ( "o ( :i* we _h = d9n]72 & !y said t sev]al 7 runn+ ab\t evid5tly bl9d 9 "o eye4 ,numb]s ( small] birds1 z ducks1 hawks1 & p>tridges1 7 kill$4 ,i saw "o ( ! latt] ) a black m>k on its back1 z if x _h be5 /ruck ) a pav+-/one4 ,a f5ce ( ?i/le-/alks r\nd ! hovel 0 ne>ly brok5 d[n1 & my in=m]1 putt+ 8 head out to see :at 0 ! matt]1 receiv$ a sev]e cut1 & n[ wore a b&age4 ,! /orm 0 said to h be5 ( limit$ ext5t3 we c]ta9ly saw f our la/ night's biv\ac a d5se cl\d & lightn+ 9 ?is direction4 ,x is m>vell\s h[ su* /rong animals z de] c\ld ?us h be5 kill$2 b ,i h no d\bt1 f ! evid5ce ,i h giv51 t ! /ory is n 9 ! lea/ exagg]at$4 ,i am glad1 h[ev]1 to h its cr$ibility support$ by ! ,jesuit ,dobrizh(f51 #d :o1 speak+ ( a c\ntry mu* to ! nor?w>d1 says1 hail fell ( an enorm\s size & kill$ va/ numb]s ( cattle3 ! ,indians h5ce call$ ! place ,lalegraicavalca1 mean+ ! little :ite ?+s4 ,dr4 ,malcolmson1 also1 in=ms me t he witness$ 9 #ahca 9 ,india1 a hail-/orm1 :i* kill$ numb]s ( l>ge birds & mu* injur$ ! cattle4 ,^! hail/ones 7 flat1 & "o 0 t5 in*es 9 circumf]5ce1 & ano!r weigh$ two ounces4 ,!y pl\gh$ up a gravel-walk l musket-balls1 & pass$ ?r\gh glass-w9d[s1 mak+ r\nd holes1 b n crack+ !m4 ,hav+ f9i%$ our d9n]1 ( hail-/rick5 meat1 we cross$ ! ,si]ra ,tapalgu52 a l[ range ( hills1 a few hundr$ feet 9 height1 :i* comm5ces at ,cape ,corri5tes4 ,! rock 9 ?is "p is pure qu>tz2 fur!r ea/w>d ,i und]/& x is granitic4 ,! hills are ( a rem>kable =m2 !y consi/ ( flat pat*es ( table-l&1 surr\nd$ by l[ p]p5dicul> cliffs1 l ! outli]s ( a s$im5t>y deposit4 ,! hill :i* ,i asc5d$ 0 v small1 n above a c\ple ( hundr$ y>ds 9 diamet]2 b ,i saw o!rs l>g]4 ,"o :i* goes by ! "n ( ! ,corral1 is said to be two or ?ree miles 9 diamet]1 & encompass$ by p]p5dicul> cliffs1 betwe5 ?irty & =ty feet high1 except+ at "o spot1 :]e ! entrance lies4 ,falcon] #e gives a curi\s acc\nt ( ! ,indians driv+ troops ( wild horses into x1 & !n by gu>d+ ! entrance1 keep+ !m secure4 ,i h nev] he>d ( any o!r in/ance ( table-l& 9 a =mation ( qu>tz1 & :i*1 9 ! hill ,i exam9$1 _h nei!r cleavage nor /ratification4 ,i 0 told t ! rock ( ! ,corral 0 :ite1 & w\ld /rike fire4 ,we did n rea* ! po/a on ! ,rio ,tapalgu5 till aft] x 0 d>k4 ,at supp]1 f some?+ :i* 0 said1 ,i 0 sudd5ly /ruck ) horror at ?9k+ t ,i 0 eat+ "o ( ! fav\rite di%es ( ! c\ntry namely1 a half-=m$ calf1 long be=e its prop] "t ( bir?4 ,x turn$ out to be ,puma2 ! meat is v :ite & rem>kably l veal 9 ta/e4 ,dr4 ,%aw 0 laugh$ at = /at+ t ! fle% ( ! lion is 9 great e/eem hav+ no small aff9ity ) veal1 bo? 9 col\r1 ta/e1 & flav\r4 ,su* c]ta9ly is ! case ) ! ,puma4 ,! ,gau*os diff] 9 _! op9ion1 :e!r ! ,jagu> is good eat+1 b are unanim\s 9 say+ t cat is excell5t4 ,septemb] #ag?4--,we foll[$ ! c\rse ( ! ,rio ,tapalgu51 ?r\gh a v f]tile c\ntry1 to ! n9? po/a4 ,tapalgu51 itself1 or ! t[n ( ,tapalgu51 if x may be s call$1 consi/s ( a p]fectly level pla91 /udd$ ov]1 z f> z ! eye c rea*1 ) ! toldos or ov5-%ap$ huts ( ! ,indians4 ,! families ( ! fri5dly ,indians1 :o 7 fight+ on ! side ( ,rosas1 resid$ "h4 ,we met & pass$ _m "y ,indian wom51 rid+ by two or ?ree toge!r on ! same horse3 !y1 z well z _m ( ! "y m51 7 /rik+ly h&some1--_! f9e ruddy complexions be+ ! picture ( heal?4 ,besides ! toldos1 !re 7 ?ree ran*os2 "o inhabit$ by ! ,comm&ant1 & ! two o!rs by ,spani>ds ) small %ops4 ,we 7 "h able to buy "s biscuit4 ,i _h n[ be5 sev]al days )\t ta/+ any?+ besides meat3 ,i did n at all dislike ?is new regim52 b ,i felt z if x w\ld only h agre$ ) me ) h>d ex]cise4 ,i h he>d t pati5ts 9 ,engl&1 :5 desir$ to conf9e !mselves exclusively to an animal diet1 ev5 ) ! hope ( life be=e _! eyes1 h h>dly be5 able to endure x4 ,yet ! ,gau*o 9 ! ,pampas1 = mon?s toge!r1 t\*es no?+ b beef4 ,b !y eat1 ,i obs]ve1 a v l>ge proportion ( fat1 :i* is ( a less animaliz$ nature2 & !y p>ticul>ly dislike dry meat1 su* z t ( ! ,ag\ti4 ,dr4 ,ri*>dson #f also1 has rem>k$1 t :5 p h f$ = a long "t solely ^u lean animal food1 ! desire = fat becomes s insatiable1 t !y c consume a l>ge quantity ( unmix$ & ev5 oily fat )\t nausea3 ?is appe>s to me a curi\s physiological fact4 ,x is1 p]haps1 f _! meat regim5 t ! ,gau*os1 l o!r c>nivor\s animals1 c ab/a9 long f food4 ,i 0 told t at ,t&eel1 "s troops volunt>ily pursu$ a p>ty ( ,indians = ?ree days1 )\t eat+ or dr9k+4 ,we saw 9 ! %ops _m articles1 su* z horseclo?s1 belts1 & g>t]s1 wov5 by ! ,indian wom54 ,! patt]ns 7 v pretty1 & ! col\rs brilliant2 ! workman%ip ( ! g>t]s 0 s good t an ,engli% m]*ant at ,bu5os ,ayres ma9ta9$ !y mu/ h be5 manufactur$ 9 ,engl&1 till he f\nd ! tassels _h be5 fa/5$ by split s9ew4 ,septemb] #ah?4--,we _h a v long ride ?is day4 ,at ! twelf? po/a1 :i* is sev5 leagues s\? ( ! ,rio ,salado1 we came to ! fir/ e/ancia ) cattle & :ite wom54 ,aft]w>ds we _h to ride = _m miles ?r\gh a c\ntry flood$ ) wat] above our horses' knees4 ,by cross+ ! /irrups1 & rid+ ,arab-l ) our legs b5t up1 we contriv$ to keep tol]ably dry4 ,x 0 ne>ly d>k :5 we arriv$ at ! ,salado2 ! /ream 0 deep1 & ab\t =ty y>ds wide2 9 summ]1 h[ev]1 its b$ becomes almo/ dry1 & ! little rema9+ wat] ne>ly z salt z t ( ! sea4 ,we slept at "o ( ! great e/ancias ( ,g5]al ,rosas4 ,x 0 =tifi$1 & ( su* an ext5t1 t arriv+ 9 ! d>k ,i ?\ght x 0 a t[n & =tress4 ,9 ! morn+ we saw imm5se h]ds ( cattle1 ! g5]al "h hav+ sev5ty-f\r squ>e leagues ( l&4 ,=m]ly ne>ly ?ree hundr$ m5 7 employ$ ab\t ?is e/ate1 & !y defi$ all ! attacks ( ! ,indians4 ,septemb] #ai?4--,pass$ ! ,gu>dia del ,monte4 ,?is is a nice scatt]$ little t[n1 ) _m g>d5s1 full ( pea* & qu9ce trees4 ,! pla9 "h look$ l t ar\nd ,bu5os ,ayres2 ! turf be+ %ort & bright gre51 ) b$s ( clov] & ?i/les1 & ) bizca*a holes4 ,i 0 v mu* /ruck ) ! m>k$ *ange 9 ! aspect ( ! c\ntry aft] hav+ cross$ ! ,salado4 ,f a co>se h]bage we pass$ on to a c>pet ( f9e gre5 v]dure4 ,i at fir/ attribut$ ?is to "s *ange 9 ! nature ( ! soil1 b ! inhabitants assur$ me t "h1 z well z 9 ,b&a ,ori5tal1 :]e !re is z great a diff]5ce betwe5 ! c\ntry r\nd ,monte ,video & ! ?9ly-inhabit$ savannahs ( ,colonia1 ! :ole 0 to be attribut$ to ! manur+ & graz+ ( ! cattle4 ,exactly ! same fact has be5 obs]v$ 9 ! prairies #g ( ,nor? ,am]ica1 :]e co>se grass1 betwe5 five & six feet high1 :5 graz$ by cattle1 *anges into common pa/ure l&4 ,i am n botani/ en\gh to say :e!r ! *ange "h is ow+ to ! introduction ( new species1 to ! alt]$ gr[? ( ! same1 or to a diff]5ce 9 _! proportional numb]s4 ,az>a has also obs]v$ ) a/oni%m5t ?is *ange3 he is likewise mu* p]plex$ by ! imm$iate appe>ance ( plants n occurr+ 9 ! neighb\rhood1 on ! bord]s ( any track t leads to a newly-con/ruct$ hovel4 ,9 ano!r "p he says1 #h ces *evaux 7sauvages7 ont la manie de pref]] les *em9s1 et le bord des r\tes p\r depos] leurs excrem5s1 dont on tr\ve des monceaux dans ces endroits4 ,does ?is n p>tly expla9 ! circum/ance8 ,we ?us h l9es ( ri*ly manur$ l& s]v+ z *annels ( communication across wide di/ricts4 ,ne> ! ,gu>dia we f9d ! s\!rn limit ( two ,european plants1 n[ become extraord9>ily common4 ,! f5nel 9 great pr(usion cov]s ! dit*-banks 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,bu5os ,ayres1 ,monte ,video1 & o!r t[ns4 ,b ! c>doon 7,cyn>a c>dunculus7 has a f> wid] range3 #i x occurs 9 ^! latitudes on bo? sides ( !1 ,cordill]a1 across ! cont95t4 ,i saw x 9 unfrequ5t$ spots 9 ,*ile1 ,entre ,rios1 & ,b&a ,ori5tal4 ,9 ! latt] c\ntry alone1 v _m 7probably sev]al hundr$7 squ>e miles are cov]$ by "o mass ( ^! prickly plants1 & are imp5etrable by man or bea/4 ,ov] ! undulat+ pla9s1 :]e ^! great b$s occur1 no?+ else c n[ live4 ,be=e _! introduction1 h[ev]1 ! surface mu/ h support$1 z 9 o!r p>ts1 a rank h]bage4 ,i d\bt :e!r any case is on record ( an invasion on s gr& a scale ( "o plant ov] ! aborig9es4 ,z ,i h already said1 ,i n[h]e saw ! c>doon s\? ( ! ,salado2 b x is probable t 9 proportion z t c\ntry becomes inhabit$1 ! c>doon w ext5d its limits4 ,! case is diff]5t ) ! giant ?i/le 7) v>iegat$ leaves7 ( ! ,pampas1 = ,i met ) x 9 ! valley ( ! ,sauce4 ,accord+ to ! pr9ciples s well laid d[n by ,mr4 ,lyell1 few c\ntries h und]gone m rem>kable *anges1 s9ce ! ye> #aece1 :5 ! fir/ coloni/ ( ,la ,plata l&$ ) sev5ty-two horses4 ,! c\ntless h]ds ( horses1 cattle1 & %eep1 n only h alt]$ ! :ole aspect ( ! vegetation1 b !y h almo/ bani%$ ! guanaco1 de] & o/ri*4 ,numb]less o!r *anges mu/ likewise h tak5 place2 ! wild pig 9 "s p>ts probably replaces ! pecc>i2 packs ( wild dogs may be he>d h[l+ on ! wood$ banks ( ! less-frequ5t$ /reams2 & ! common cat1 alt]$ into a l>ge & fi]ce animal1 inhabits rocky hills4 ,z ,m4 d',orbigny has rem>k$1 ! increase 9 numb]s ( ! c>rion-vulture1 s9ce ! introduction ( ! dome/ic animals1 mu/ h be5 inf9itely great2 & we h giv5 reasons = believ+ t !y h ext5d$ _! s\!rn range4 ,no d\bt _m plants1 besides ! c>doon & f5nel1 are naturaliz$2 ?us ! isl&s ne> ! m\? ( ! ,p>ana1 are ?ickly clo!d ) pea* & orange trees1 spr++ f se$s c>ri$ !re by ! wat]s ( ! riv]4 ,:ile *ang+ horses at ! ,gu>dia sev]al p que/ion$ u mu* ab\t ! army1--,i nev] saw any?+ l ! en?usiasm = ,rosas1 & = ! success ( ! mo/ j ( all w>s1 because aga9/ b>b>ians4 ,?is expression1 x mu/ be confess$1 is v natural1 = till lately1 nei!r man1 woman nor horse1 0 safe f ! attacks ( ! ,indians4 ,we _h a long day's ride ov] ! same ri* gre5 pla91 ab\nd+ ) v>i\s flocks1 & ) "h & !re a solit>y e/ancia1 & its "o ombu tree4 ,9 ! ev5+ x ra9$ heavily3 on arriv+ at a po/h\se we 7 told by ! own]1 t if we _h n a regul> passport we mu/ pass on1 = !re 7 s _m robb]s he w\ld tru/ no "o4 ,:5 he read1 h[ev]1 my passport1 :i* began ) ,el ,naturali/a ,don ,c>los1 8 respect & civility 7 z unb\nd$ z 8 suspicions _h be5 be=e4 ,:at a naturali/ might be1 nei!r he nor 8 c\ntrym51 ,i suspect1 _h any idea2 b probably my title lo/ no?+ ( its value f t cause4 ,septemb] #bj?4--,we arriv$ by ! middle ( ! day at ,bu5os ,ayres4 ,! outskirts ( ! city look$ q pretty1 ) ! agave h$ges1 & groves ( olive1 pea* & will[ trees1 all j ?r[+ out _! fre% gre5 leaves4 ,i rode to ! h\se ( ,mr4 ,lumb1 an ,engli% m]*ant1 to ^: k9dness & hospitality1 dur+ my /ay 9 ! c\ntry1 ,i 0 greatly indebt$4 ,! city ( ,bu5os ,ayres is l>ge2 #aj & ,i %\ld ?9k "o ( ! mo/ regul> 9 ! _w4 ,e /reet is at "r angles to ! "o x crosses1 & ! p>allel ones be+ equidi/ant1 ! h\ses are collect$ into solid squ>es ( equal dim5sions1 :i* are call$ quadras4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! h\ses !mselves are holl[ squ>es2 all ! rooms op5+ into a neat little c\rty>d4 ,!y are g5]ally only "o /ory high1 ) flat ro(s1 :i* are fitt$ ) seats & are mu* frequ5t$ by ! inhabitants 9 summ]4 ,9 ! c5tre ( ! t[n is ! ,plaza1 :]e ! public (fices1 =tress1 ca!dral1 etc41 /&4 ,"h also1 ! old vic]oys1 be=e ! revolution1 _h _! palaces4 ,! g5]al assemblage ( build+s possesses consid]able ar*itectural beauty1 al?\gh none individually c boa/ ( any4 ,! great corral1 :]e ! animals are kept = slaught] to supply food to ?is beef-eat+ population1 is "o ( ! spectacles be/ wor? see+4 ,! /r5g? ( ! horse z comp>$ to t ( ! bullock is q a/oni%+3 a man on horseback hav+ ?r[n 8 lazo r\nd ! horns ( a bea/1 c drag x any:]e he *ooses4 ,! animal pl\gh+ up ! gr\nd ) out/ret*$ legs1 9 va9 ef=ts to resi/ ! =ce1 g5]ally da%es at full spe$ to "o side2 b ! horse imm$iately turn+ to receive ! %ock1 /&s s firmly t ! bullock is almo/ ?r[n d[n1 & x is surpris+ t _! necks are n brok54 ,! /ruggle is n1 h[ev]1 "o ( fair /r5g?2 ! horse's gir? be+ mat*$ aga9/ ! bullock's ext5d$ neck4 ,9 a simil> mann] a man c hold ! wilde/ horse1 if caught ) ! lazo1 j beh9d ! e>s4 ,:5 ! bullock has be5 dragg$ to ! spot :]e x is to be slaught]$1 ! matador ) great caution cuts ! ham/r+s4 ,!n is giv5 ! dea? bell[2 a noise m expressive ( fi]ce agony ?an any ,i "k4 ,i h (t5 di/+ui%$ x f a long di/ance1 & h always kn[n t ! /ruggle 0 !n draw+ to a close4 ,! :ole sight is horrible & revolt+3 ! gr\nd is almo/ made ( bones2 & ! horses & rid]s are dr5*$ ) gore4 #a ,i call ^! ?i/le-/alks = ! want ( a m correct "n4 ,i believe x is a species ( ,eryngium4 #b ,travels 9 ,africa1 p4 #bcc4 #c ,two species ( ,t9amus & ,eudromia elegans ( ,a4 d',orbigny1 :i* c only be call$ a p>tridge ) reg>d to its habits4 #d ,hi/ory ( ! ,abipones1 vol4 ii4 p4 #f4 #e ,falcon]'s ,patagonia1 p4 #gj4 #f ,fauna ,boreali-,am]icana1 vol4 i4 p4 #ce4 #g ,see ,mr4 ,atwat]'s acc\nt ( ! ,prairies1 9 ,silliman's ,n4 ,a4 ,j\rnal1 vol4 i4 p4 #aag4 #h ,az>a's ,voyages1 vol4 i4 p4 #cgc4 #i ,m4 ,a4 d',orbigny 7vol4 i4 p4 #dgd7 says t ! c>doon & arti*oke are bo? f\nd wild4 ,dr4 ,hook] 7,botanical ,magaz9e1 vol4 iv4 p4 #bhfb71 has describ$ a v>iety ( ! ,cyn>a f ?is "p ( ,s\? ,am]ica "u ! "n ( in]mis4 ,he /ates t botani/s are n[ g5]ally agre$ t ! c>doon & ! arti*oke are v>ieties ( "o plant4 ,i may add1 t an intellig5t f>m] assur$ me t he _h obs]v$ 9 a des]t$ g>d5 "s arti*okes *ang+ into ! common c>doon4 ,dr4 ,hook] believes t ,head's vivid description ( ! ?i/le ( ! ,pampas applies to ! c>doon1 b ?is is a mi/ake4 ,capta9 ,head ref]r$ to ! plant1 :i* ,i h m5tion$ a few l9es l[] d[n1 "u ! title ( giant ?i/le4 ,:e!r x is a true ?i/le ,i d n "k2 b x is q diff]5t f ! c>doon2 & m l a ?i/le prop]ly s call$4 #aj ,x is said to conta9 #fj1jjj inhabitants4 ,monte ,video1 ! second t[n ( importance on ! banks ( ! ,plata1 has #ae1jjj4 ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,bu5os ,,ayres ,,& ,,/4 ,,fe ,excursion to ,/4 ,fe--,?i/le ,b$s--,habits ( ! ,bizca*a--,little ,owl--,sal9e ,/reams--,level ,pla9--,ma/odon--,/4 ,fe--,*ange 9 ,l&scape--,geology--,too? ( ext9ct ,horse--,relation ( ! ,fossil & rec5t ,quadrup$s ( ,nor? & ,s\? ,am]ica--,effects ( a great ,dr\ght--,p>ana--,habits ( ! ,jagu>--,scissor-beak--,k+fi%]1 ,p>rot1 & ,scissor-tail--,revolution--,bu5os ,ayres ,/ate ( ,gov]nm5t4 ,,septemb] #bg?4--,9 ! ev5+ ,i set out on an excursion to ,/4 ,fe1 :i* is situat$ ne>ly ?ree hundr$ ,engli% miles f ,bu5os ,ayres1 on ! banks ( ! ,p>ana4 ,! roads 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ! city aft] ! ra9y wea!r1 7 extraord9>ily bad4 ,i %\ld nev] h ?\ght x possible = a bullock waggon to h crawl$ along3 z x 01 !y sc>cely w5t at ! rate ( a mile an h\r1 & a man 0 kept ahead1 to survey ! be/ l9e = mak+ ! attempt4 ,! bullocks 7 t]ribly jad$3 x is a great mi/ake to suppose t ) improv$ roads1 & an accel]at$ rate ( travell+1 ! suff]+s ( ! animals increase 9 ! same proportion4 ,we pass$ a tra9 ( waggons & a troop ( bea/s on _! road to ,m5doza4 ,! di/ance is ab\t #ehj geographical miles1 & ! j\rney is g5]ally p]=m$ 9 fifty days4 ,^! waggons are v long1 n>r[1 & ?at*$ ) re$s2 !y h only two :eels1 ! diamet] ( :i* 9 "s cases is z mu* z t5 feet4 ,ea* is drawn by six bullocks1 :i* are urg$ on by a goad at lea/ tw5ty feet long3 ?is is susp5d$ f )9 ! ro(2 = ! :eel bullocks a small] "o is kept2 & = ! int]m$iate pair1 a po9t projects at "r angles f ! middle ( ! long "o4 ,! :ole app>atus look$ l "s implem5t ( w>4 ,septemb] #bh?4--,we pass$ ! small t[n ( ,luxan :]e !re is a wood5 bridge ov] ! riv]--a mo/ unusual conv5i5ce 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,we pass$ also ,areco4 ,! pla9s appe>$ level1 b 7 n s 9 fact2 = 9 v>i\s places ! horizon 0 di/ant4 ,! e/ancias are "h wide ap>t2 = !re is little good pa/ure1 ow+ to ! l& be+ cov]$ by b$s ei!r ( an acrid clov]1 or ( ! great ?i/le4 ,! latt]1 well kn[n f ! animat$ description giv5 by ,sir ,f4 ,head1 7 at ?is "t ( ! ye> two-?irds gr[n2 9 "s p>ts !y 7 z high z ! horse's back1 b 9 o!rs !y _h n yet sprung up1 & ! gr\nd 0 b>e & du/y z on a turnpike-road4 ,! clumps 7 ( ! mo/ brilliant gre51 & !y made a pleas+ m9iature-lik5ess ( brok5 =e/ l&4 ,:5 ! ?i/les are full gr[n1 ! great b$s are imp5etrable1 except by a few tracts1 z intricate z ^? 9 a labyr9?4 ,^! are only kn[n to ! robb]s1 :o at ?is season inhabit !m1 & sally =? at night to rob & cut ?roats ) impunity4 ,^u ask+ at a h\se :e!r robb]s 7 num]\s1 ,i 0 answ]$1 ,! ?i/les are n up yet2--! mean+ ( :i* reply 0 n at fir/ v obvi\s4 ,!re is little int]e/ 9 pass+ ov] ^! tracts1 = !y are inhabit$ by few animals or birds1 except+ ! bizca*a & its fri5d ! little owl4 ,! bizca*a #a is well kn[n to =m a prom95t feature 9 ! zoology ( ! ,pampas4 ,x is f\nd z f> s\? z ! ,rio ,negro1 9 lat4 #da degs41 b n beyond4 ,x _c1 l ! ag\ti1 subsi/ on ! gravelly & des]t pla9s ( ,patagonia1 b pref]s a clayey or s&y soil1 :i* produces a diff]5t & m abundant vegetation4 ,ne> ,m5doza1 at ! foot ( ! ,cordill]a1 x occurs 9 close neighb\rhood ) ! alli$ alp9e species4 ,x is a v curi\s circum/ance 9 its geographical di/ribution1 t x has nev] be5 se51 =tunately = ! inhabitants ( ,b&a ,ori5tal1 to ! ea/w>d ( ! riv] ,uruguay3 yet 9 ?is prov9ce !re are pla9s :i* appe> admirably adapt$ to its habits4 ,! ,uruguay has =m$ an insup]able ob/acle to its migration3 al?\gh ! broad] b>ri] ( ! ,p>ana has be5 pass$1 & ! bizca*a is common 9 ,entre ,rios1 ! prov9ce betwe5 ^! two great riv]s4 ,ne> ,bu5os ,ayres ^! animals are exce$+ly common4 ,_! mo/ fav\rite resort appe>s to be ^? p>ts ( ! pla9 :i* dur+ "o-half ( ! ye> are cov]$ ) giant ?i/les1 to ! exclusion ( o!r plants4 ,! ,gau*os affirm t x lives on roots2 :i*1 f ! great /r5g? ( its gnaw+ tee?1 & ! k9d ( places frequ5t$ by x1 seems probable4 ,9 ! ev5+ ! bizca*as come out 9 numb]s1 & quietly sit at ! m\?s ( _! burr[s on _! haun*es4 ,at su* times !y are v tame1 & a man on horseback pass+ by seems only to pres5t an object = _! grave contemplation4 ,!y run v awkw>dly1 & :5 runn+ out ( dang]1 f _! elevat$ tails & %ort front legs mu* resemble great rats4 ,_! fle%1 :5 cook$1 is v :ite & good1 b x is seldom us$4 ,! bizca*a has "o v s+ul> habit2 namely1 dragg+ e h>d object to ! m\? ( its burr[3 ar\nd ea* gr\p ( holes _m bones ( cattle1 /ones1 ?i/le-/alks1 h>d lumps ( e>?1 dry dung1 etc41 are collect$ into an irregul> heap1 :i* frequ5tly am\nts to z mu* z a :eelb>r[ w\ld conta94 ,i 0 cr$ibly in=m$ t a g5tleman1 :5 rid+ on a d>k night1 dropp$ 8 wat*2 he return$ 9 ! morn+1 & by se>*+ ! neighb\rhood ( e bizca*a hole on ! l9e ( road1 z he expect$1 he soon f\nd x4 ,?is habit ( pick+ up :atev] may be ly+ on ! gr\nd any:]e ne> its habitation1 mu/ co/ mu* tr\ble4 ,= :at purpose x is done1 ,i am q unable to =m ev5 ! mo/ remote conjecture3 x _c be = def5ce1 because ! rubbi% is *iefly plac$ above ! m\? ( ! burr[1 :i* ent]s ! gr\nd at a v small incl9ation4 ,no d\bt !re mu/ exi/ "s good reason2 b ! inhabitants ( ! c\ntry are q ignorant ( x4 ,! only fact :i* ,i "k analog\s to x1 is ! habit ( t extraord9>y ,au/ralian bird1 ! ,calod]a maculata1 :i* makes an elegant vault$ passage ( twigs = play+ 91 & :i* collects ne> ! spot1 l& & sea-%ells1 bones & ! fea!rs ( birds1 especially brightly col\r$ ones4 ,mr4 ,g\ld1 :o has describ$ ^! facts1 in=ms me1 t ! natives1 :5 !y lose any h>d object1 se>* ! play+ passages1 & he has kn[n a tobacco-pipe ?us recov]$4 ,! little owl 7,a!ne cunicul>ia71 :i* has be5 s (t5 m5tion$1 on ! pla9s ( ,bu5os ,ayres exclusively inhabits ! holes ( ! bizca*a2 b 9 ,b&a ,ori5tal x is its own workman4 ,dur+ ! op5 day1 b m especially 9 ! ev5+1 ^! birds may be se5 9 e direction /&+ frequ5tly by pairs on ! hillock ne> _! burr[s4 ,if di/urb$ !y ei!r ent] ! hole1 or1 utt]+ a %rill h>% cry1 move ) a rem>kably undulatory flight to a %ort di/ance1 & !n turn+ r\nd1 /eadily gaze at _! pursu]4 ,occasionally 9 ! ev5+ !y may be he>d hoot+4 ,i f\nd 9 ! /oma*s ( two :i* ,i op5$ ! rema9s ( mice1 & ,i "o day saw a small snake kill$ & c>ri$ away4 ,x is said t snakes are _! common prey dur+ ! daytime4 ,i may "h m5tion1 z %[+ on :at v>i\s k9ds ( food owls subsi/1 t a species kill$ among ! islets ( ! ,*onos ,ar*ipelago1 _h its /oma* full ( good-siz$ crabs4 ,9 ,india #b !re is a fi%+ g5us ( owls1 :i* likewise cat*es crabs4 ,9 ! ev5+ we cross$ ! ,rio ,arrecife on a simple raft made ( b>rels la%$ toge!r1 & slept at ! po/-h\se on ! o!r side4 ,i ?is day paid horse-hire = ?irty-"o leagues2 & al?\gh ! sun 0 gl>+ hot ,i 0 b little fatigu$4 ,:5 ,capta9 ,head talks ( rid+ fifty leagues a day1 ,i d n imag9e ! di/ance is equal to #aej ,engli% miles4 ,at all ev5ts1 ! ?irty-"o leagues 0 only #gf miles 9 a /raight l9e1 & 9 an op5 c\ntry ,i %\ld ?9k f\r additional miles = turn+s w\ld be a suffici5t all[ance4 #bi? & #cj?4--,we cont9u$ to ride ov] pla9s ( ! same "*4 ,at ,san ,nicolas ,i fir/ saw ! noble riv] ( ! ,p>ana4 ,at ! foot ( ! cliff on :i* ! t[n /&s1 "s l>ge vessels 7 at an*or4 ,be=e arriv+ at ,roz>io1 we cross$ ! ,saladillo1 a /ream ( f9e cle> runn+ wat]1 b too sal9e to dr9k4 ,roz>io is a l>ge t[n built on a dead level pla91 :i* =ms a cliff ab\t sixty feet high ov] ! ,p>ana4 ,! riv] "h is v broad1 ) _m isl&s1 :i* are l[ & wood$1 z is also ! opposite %ore4 ,! view w\ld resemble t ( a great lake1 if x 7 n = ! l9e>-%ap$ islets1 :i* alone give ! idea ( runn+ wat]4 ,! cliffs are ! mo/ picturesque "p2 sometimes !y are absolutely p]p5dicul>1 & ( a r$ col\r2 at o!r times 9 l>ge brok5 masses1 cov]$ ) cacti & mimosa-trees4 ,! real gr&eur1 h[ev]1 ( an imm5se riv] l ?is1 is d]iv$ f reflect+ h[ important a means ( communication & comm]ce x =ms betwe5 "o nation & ano!r2 to :at a di/ance x travels1 & f h[ va/ a t]ritory x dra9s ! great body ( fre% wat] :i* fl[s pa/ y\r feet4 ,= _m leagues nor? & s\? ( ,san ,nicolas & ,roz>io1 ! c\ntry is really level4 ,sc>cely any?+ :i* travell]s h writt5 ab\t its extreme flatness1 c be consid]$ z exagg]ation4 ,yet ,i c\ld nev] f9d a spot :]e1 by sl[ly turn+ r\nd1 objects 7 n se5 at great] di/ances 9 "s directions ?an 9 o!rs2 & ?is manife/ly proves inequality 9 ! pla94 ,at sea1 a p]son's eye be+ six feet above ! surface ( ! wat]1 8 horizon is two miles & f\r-fif?s di/ant4 ,9 l mann]1 ! m level ! pla91 ! m ne>ly does ! horizon approa* )9 ^! n>r[ limits2 & ?is1 9 my op9ion1 entirely de/roys t gr&eur :i* "o w\ld h imag9$ t a va/ level pla9 w\ld h possess$4 ,octob] #a/4--,we />t$ by moonlight & arriv$ at ! ,rio ,t]c]o by sunrise4 ,! riv] is also call$ ! ,saladillo1 & x des]ves ! "n1 = ! wat] is bracki%4 ,i /ay$ "h ! great] "p ( ! day1 se>*+ = fossil bones4 ,besides a p]fect too? ( ! ,toxodon1 & _m scatt]$ bones1 ,i f\nd two imm5se skeletons ne> ea* o!r1 project+ 9 bold relief f ! p]p5dicul> cliff ( ! ,p>ana4 ,!y 71 h[ev]1 s completely decay$1 t ,i c\ld only br+ away small fragm5ts ( "o ( ! great mol> tee?2 b ^! are suffici5t to %[ t ! rema9s belong$ to a ,ma/odon1 probably to ! same species ) t1 :i* =m]ly mu/ h inhabit$ ! ,cordill]a 9 ,upp] ,p]u 9 su* great numb]s4 ,! m5 :o took me 9 ! canoe1 said !y _h long kn[n ( ^! skeletons1 & _h (t5 wond]$ h[ !y _h got !re3 ! necessity ( a !ory be+ felt1 !y came to ! conclusion t1 l ! bizca*a1 ! ma/odon 0 =m]ly a burr[+ animal6 ,9 ! ev5+ we rode ano!r /age1 & cross$ ! ,monge1 ano!r bracki% /ream1 be>+ ! dregs ( ! wa%+s ( ! ,pampas4 ,octob] #bnd4--,we pass$ ?r\gh ,corunda1 :i*1 f ! luxuriance ( its g>d5s1 0 "o ( ! prettie/ villages ,i saw4 ,f ?is po9t to ,/4 ,fe ! road is n v safe4 ,! we/]n side ( ! ,p>ana nor?w>d1 ceases to be inhabit$2 & h5ce ! ,indians sometimes come d[n ?us f>1 & waylay travell]s4 ,! nature ( ! c\ntry also fav\rs ?is1 = in/ead ( a grassy pla91 !re is an op5 woodl&1 compos$ ( l[ prickly mimosas4 ,we pass$ "s h\ses t _h be5 ransack$ & s9ce des]t$2 we saw also a spectacle1 :i* my guides view$ ) high satisfaction2 x 0 ! skeleton ( an ,indian ) ! dri$ sk9 hang+ on ! bones1 susp5d$ to ! bran* ( a tree4 ,9 ! morn+ we arriv$ at ,/4 ,fe4 ,i 0 surpris$ to obs]ve h[ great a *ange ( climate a diff]5ce ( only ?ree degrees ( latitude betwe5 ?is place & ,bu5os ,ayres _h caus$4 ,?is 0 evid5t f ! dress & complexion ( ! m5--f ! increas$ size ( ! ombu-trees--! numb] ( new cacti & o!r plants--& especially f ! birds4 ,9 ! c\rse ( an h\r ,i rem>k$ half-a-doz5 birds1 :i* ,i _h nev] se5 at ,bu5os ,ayres4 ,consid]+ t !re is no natural b\nd>y betwe5 ! two places1 & t ! "* ( ! c\ntry is ne>ly simil>1 ! diff]5ce 0 mu* great] ?an ,i %\ld h expect$4 ,octob] #crd & #d?4--,i 0 conf9$ = ^! two days to my b$ by a heada*e4 ,a good-natur$ old woman1 :o att5d$ me1 wi%$ me to try _m odd rem$ies4 ,a common practice is1 to b9d an orange-leaf or a bit ( black pla/] to ea* temple3 & a /ill m g5]al plan is1 to split a bean into halves1 moi/5 !m1 & place "o on ea* temple1 :]e !y w easily adh]e4 ,x is n ?\ght prop] ev] to remove ! beans or pla/]1 b to all[ !m to drop (f1 & sometimes1 if a man1 ) pat*es on 8 head1 is ask$1 :at is ! matt]8 he w answ]1 ,i _h a heada*e ! day be=e ye/]day4 ,_m ( ! rem$ies us$ by ! p ( ! c\ntry are ludicr\sly /range1 b too disgu/+ to be m5tion$4 ,"o ( ! lea/ na/y is to kill & cut op5 two puppies & b9d !m on ea* side ( a brok5 limb4 ,little hairless dogs are 9 great reque/ to sleep at ! feet ( invalids4 ,/4 ,fe is a quiet little t[n1 & is kept clean & 9 good ord]4 ,! gov]nor1 ,lopez1 0 a common soldi] at ! "t ( ! revolution2 b has n[ be5 sev5te5 ye>s 9 p[]4 ,?is /ability ( gov]nm5t is ow+ to 8 tyrannical habits2 = tyranny seems z yet bett] adapt$ to ^! c\ntries ?an republicanism4 ,! gov]nor's fav\rite occupation is hunt+ ,indians3 a %ort "t s9ce he slaught]$ =ty-eight1 & sold ! *ildr5 at ! rate ( ?ree or f\r p\nds apiece4 ,octob] #e?4--,we cross$ ! ,p>ana to ,/4 ,fe ,bajada1 a t[n on ! opposite %ore4 ,! passage took "s h\rs1 z ! riv] "h consi/$ ( a labyr9? ( small /reams1 sep>at$ by l[ wood$ isl&s4 ,i _h a lett] ( introduction to an old ,catalonian ,spani>d1 :o treat$ me ) ! mo/ uncommon hospitality4 ,! ,bajada is ! capital ( ,entre ,rios4 ,9 #ahbe ! t[n conta9$ #fjjj inhabitants1 & ! prov9ce #cj1jjj2 yet1 few z ! inhabitants are1 no prov9ce has suff]$ m f bloody & desp]ate revolutions4 ,!y boa/ "h ( repres5tatives1 m9i/]s1 a /&+ army1 & gov]nors3 s x is no wond] t !y h _! revolutions4 ,at "s future day ?is mu/ be "o ( ! ri*e/ c\ntries ( ,la ,plata4 ,! soil is v>i$ & productive2 & its almo/ insul> =m gives x two gr& l9es ( communication by ! riv]s ,p>ana & ,uruguay4 ,i 0 delay$ "h five days1 & employ$ myself 9 exam9+ ! geology ( ! surr\nd+ c\ntry1 :i* 0 v int]e/+4 ,we "h see at ! bottom ( ! cliffs1 b$s conta9+ %>ks' tee? & sea-%ells ( ext9ct species1 pass+ above into an indurat$ m>l1 & f t into ! r$ clayey e>? ( ! ,pampas1 ) its calc>e\s concretions & ! bones ( t]re/rial quadrup$s4 ,?is v]tical section cle>ly tells u ( a l>ge bay ( pure salt-wat]1 gradually encroa*$ on1 & at la/ conv]t$ into ! b$ ( a muddy e/u>y1 into :i* float+ c>casses 7 swept4 ,at ,punta ,gorda1 9 ,b&a ,ori5tal1 ,i f\nd an alt]nation ( ! ,pampaean e/u>y deposit1 ) a lime/one conta9+ "s ( ! same ext9ct sea-%ells2 & ?is %[s ei!r a *ange 9 ! =m] curr5ts1 or m probably an oscillation ( level 9 ! bottom ( ! anci5t e/u>y4 ,until lately1 my reasons = consid]+ ! ,pampaean =mation to be an e/u>y deposit 71 its g5]al appe>ance1 its position at ! m\? ( ! exi/+ great riv] ! ,plata1 & ! pres5ce ( s _m bones ( t]re/rial quadrup$s3 b n[ ,pr(essor ,ehr5b]g has _h ! k9dness to exam9e = me a little ( ! r$ e>?1 tak5 f l[ d[n 9 ! deposit1 close to ! skeletons ( ! ma/odon1 & he f9ds 9 x _m infusoria1 p>tly salt-wat] & p>tly fre%-wat] =ms1 ) ! latt] r prepond]at+2 & !re=e1 z he rem>ks1 ! wat] mu/ h be5 bracki%4 ,m4 ,a4 d',orbigny f\nd on ! banks ( ! ,p>ana1 at ! height ( a hundr$ feet1 great b$s ( an e/u>y %ell1 n[ liv+ a hundr$ miles l[] d[n ne>] ! sea2 & ,i f\nd simil> %ells at a less height on ! banks ( ! ,uruguay2 ?is %[s t j be=e ! ,pampas 0 sl[ly elevat$ into dry l&1 ! wat] cov]+ x 0 bracki%4 ,bel[ ,bu5os ,ayres !re are uprais$ b$s ( sea-%ells ( exi/+ species1 :i* also proves t ! p]iod ( elevation ( ! ,pampas 0 )9 ! rec5t p]iod4 ,9 ! ,pampaean deposit at ! ,bajada ,i f\nd ! osse\s arm\r ( a gigantic armadillo-l animal1 ! inside ( :i*1 :5 ! e>? 0 remov$1 0 l a great cauldron2 ,i f\nd also tee? ( ! ,toxodon & ,ma/odon1 & "o too? ( a ,horse1 9 ! same /a9$ & decay$ /ate4 ,?is latt] too? greatly int]e/$ me1 #c & ,i took scrupul\s c>e 9 asc]ta9+ t x _h be5 emb$d$ contemporane\sly ) ! o!r rema9s2 = ,i 0 n !n aw>e t among/ ! fossils f ,bahia ,blanca !re 0 a horse's too? hidd5 9 ! matrix3 nor 0 x !n kn[n ) c]ta9ty t ! rema9s ( horses are common 9 ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,mr4 ,lyell has lately br\ght f ! ,unit$ ,/ates a too? ( a horse2 & x is an int]e/+ fact1 t ,pr(essor ,ow5 c\ld f9d 9 no species1 ei!r fossil or rec5t1 a slight b peculi> curvature *>act]iz+ x1 until he ?\ght ( comp>+ x ) my specim5 f\nd "h3 he has nam$ ?is ,am]ican horse ,equus curvid5s4 ,c]ta9ly x is a m>vell\s fact 9 ! hi/ory ( ! ,mammalia1 t 9 ,s\? ,am]ica a native horse %\ld h liv$ & disappe>$1 to be succe$$ 9 aft]-ages by ! c\ntless h]ds desc5d$ f ! few introduc$ ) ! ,spani% coloni/s6 ,! exi/5ce 9 ,s\? ,am]ica ( a fossil horse1 ( ! ma/odon1 possibly ( an elephant1 #d & ( a holl[-horn$ rum9ant1 discov]$ by ,,mm4 ,lund & ,claus5 9 ! caves ( ,brazil1 are highly int]e/+ facts ) respect to ! geographical di/ribution ( animals4 ,at ! pres5t "t1 if we divide ,am]ica1 n by ! ,i/hmus ( ,panama1 b by ! s\!rn "p ( ,mexico #e 9 lat4 #bj degs41 :]e ! great table-l& pres5ts an ob/acle to ! migration ( species1 by affect+ ! climate1 & by =m+1 ) ! exception ( "s valleys & ( a fr+e ( l[ l& on ! coa/1 a broad b>ri]2 we %all !n h ! two zoological prov9ces ( ,nor? & ,s\? ,am]ica /rongly contra/$ ) ea* o!r4 ,"s few species alone h pass$ ! b>ri]1 & may be consid]$ z w&]]s f ! s\?1 su* z ! puma1 opossum1 k9kaj\1 & pecc>i4 ,s\? ,am]ica is *>act]iz$ by possess+ _m peculi> gnaw]s1 a family ( monkeys1 ! llama1 pecc>i1 tapir1 opossums1 &1 especially1 sev]al g5]a ( ,ed5tata1 ! ord] :i* includes ! slo?s1 ant-eat]s1 & armadilloes4 ,nor? ,am]ica1 on ! o!r h&1 is *>act]iz$ 7putt+ on "o side a few w&]+ species7 by num]\s peculi> gnaw]s1 & by f\r g5]a 7! ox1 %eep1 goat1 & antelope7 ( holl[-horn$ rum9ants1 ( :i* great division ,s\? ,am]ica is n kn[n to possess a s+le species4 ,=m]ly1 b )9 ! p]iod :5 mo/ ( ! n[ exi/+ %ells 7 liv+1 ,nor? ,am]ica possess$1 besides holl[-horn$ rum9ants1 ! elephant1 ma/odon1 horse1 & ?ree g5]a ( ,ed5tata1 namely1 ! ,mega!rium1 ,megalonyx1 & ,mylodon4 ,)9 ne>ly ?is same p]iod 7z prov$ by ! %ells at ,bahia ,blanca7 ,s\? ,am]ica possess$1 z we h j se51 a ma/odon1 horse1 holl[-horn$ rum9ant1 & ! same ?ree g5]a 7z well z sev]al o!rs7 ( ! ,ed5tata4 ,h5ce x is evid5t t ,nor? & ,s\? ,am]ica1 9 hav+ )9 a late geological p]iod ^! sev]al g5]a 9 common1 7 mu* m closely relat$ 9 ! "* ( _! t]re/rial inhabitants ?an !y n[ are4 ,! m ,i reflect on ?is case1 ! m int]e/+ x appe>s3 ,i "k ( no o!r in/ance :]e we c almo/ m>k ! p]iod & mann] ( ! splitt+ up ( "o great region into two well-*>act]iz$ zoological prov9ces4 ,! geologi/1 :o is fully impress$ ) ! va/ oscillations ( level :i* h affect$ ! e>?'s cru/ )9 late p]iods1 w n fe> to speculate on ! rec5t elevation ( ! ,mexican plat=m1 or1 m probably1 on ! rec5t subm]g5ce ( l& 9 ! ,we/ ,indian ,ar*ipelago1 z ! cause ( ! pres5t zoological sep>ation ( ,nor? & ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,! ,s\? ,am]ican "* ( ! ,we/ ,indian mammals #f seems to indicate t ?is ar*ipelago 0 =m]ly unit$ to ! s\!rn cont95t1 & t x has subsequ5tly be5 an area ( subsid5ce4 ,:5 ,am]ica1 & especially ,nor? ,am]ica1 possess$ its elephants1 ma/odons1 horse1 & holl[-horn$ rum9ants1 x 0 mu* m closely relat$ 9 its zoological *>act]s to ! temp]ate p>ts ( ,europe & ,asia ?an x n[ is4 ,z ! rema9s ( ^! g5]a are f\nd on bo? sides ( ,behr+'s ,/raits #g & on ! pla9s ( ,sib]ia1 we are l$ to look to ! nor?-we/]n side ( ,nor? ,am]ica z ! =m] po9t ( communication betwe5 ! ,old & s-call$ ,new ,_w4 ,& z s _m species1 bo? liv+ & ext9ct1 ( ^! same g5]a inhabit & h inhabit$ ! ,old ,_w1 x seems mo/ probable t ! ,nor? ,am]ican elephants1 ma/odons1 horse1 & holl[-horn$ rum9ants migrat$1 on l& s9ce subm]g$ ne> ,behr+'s ,/raits1 f ,sib]ia into ,nor? ,am]ica1 & !nce1 on l& s9ce subm]g$ 9 ! ,we/ ,indies1 into ,s\? ,am]ica1 :]e = a "t !y m+l$ ) ! =ms *>act]i/ic ( t s\!rn cont95t1 & h s9ce become ext9ct4 ,:ile travell+ ?r\gh ! c\ntry1 ,i receiv$ sev]al vivid descriptions ( ! effects ( a late great dr\ght2 & ! acc\nt ( ?is may ?r[ "s light on ! cases :]e va/ numb]s ( animals ( all k9ds h be5 emb$d$ toge!r4 ,! p]iod includ$ betwe5 ! ye>s #ahbg & #ahcj is call$ ! gran seco1 or ! great dr\ght4 ,dur+ ?is "t s little ra9 fell1 t ! vegetation1 ev5 to ! ?i/les1 fail$2 ! brooks 7 dri$ up1 & ! :ole c\ntry assum$ ! appe>ance ( a du/y high road4 ,?is 0 especially ! case 9 ! nor!rn "p ( ! prov9ce ( ,bu5os ,ayres & ! s\!rn "p ( ,/4 ,fe4 ,v great numb]s ( birds1 wild animals1 cattle1 & horses p]i%$ f ! want ( food & wat]4 ,a man told me t ! de] #h us$ to come into 8 c\rty>d to ! well1 :i* he _h be5 oblig$ to dig to supply 8 own family ) wat]2 & t ! p>tridges _h h>dly /r5g? to fly away :5 pursu$4 ,! l[e/ e/imation ( ! loss ( cattle 9 ! prov9ce ( ,bu5os ,ayres alone1 0 tak5 at "o million head4 ,a proprietor at ,san ,p$ro _h previ\sly to ^! ye>s #bj1jjj cattle2 at ! end n "o rema9$4 ,san ,p$ro is situat$ 9 ! middle ( ! f9e/ c\ntry2 & ev5 n[ ab\nds aga9 ) animals2 yet dur+ ! latt] "p ( ! gran seco1 live cattle 7 br\ght 9 vessels = ! consumption ( ! inhabitants4 ,! animals roam$ f _! e/ancias1 &1 w&]+ f> s\?w>d1 7 m+l$ toge!r 9 su* multitudes1 t a gov]nm5t commission 0 s5t f ,bu5os ,ayres to settle ! disputes ( ! own]s4 ,sir ,woodb9e ,p>i% in=m$ me ( ano!r & v curi\s s\rce ( dispute2 ! gr\nd be+ s long dry1 su* quantities ( du/ 7 bl[n ab\t1 t 9 ?is op5 c\ntry ! l&m>ks became oblit]at$1 & p c\ld n tell ! limits ( _! e/ates4 ,i 0 in=m$ by an eye-witness t ! cattle 9 h]ds ( ?\s&s ru%$ into ! ,p>ana1 & be+ exhau/$ by hung] !y 7 unable to crawl up ! muddy banks1 & ?us 7 dr[n$4 ,! arm ( ! riv] :i* runs by ,san ,p$ro 0 s full ( putrid c>casses1 t ! ma/] ( a vessel told me t ! smell r5d]$ x q impassable4 ,)\t d\bt sev]al hundr$ ?\s& animals ?us p]i%$ 9 ! riv]3 _! bodies :5 putrid 7 se5 float+ d[n ! /ream2 & _m 9 all probability 7 deposit$ 9 ! e/u>y ( ! ,plata4 ,all ! small riv]s became highly sal9e1 & ?is caus$ ! dea? ( va/ numb]s 9 p>ticul> spots2 = :5 an animal dr9ks ( su* wat] x does n recov]4 ,az>a describes #i ! fury ( ! wild horses on a simil> occasion1 ru%+ into ! m>%es1 ^? :i* arriv$ fir/ be+ ov]:elm$ & cru%$ by ^? :i* foll[$4 ,he adds t m ?an once he has se5 ! c>casses ( upw>ds ( a ?\s& wild horses ?us de/roy$4 ,i notic$ t ! small] /reams 9 ! ,pampas 7 pav$ ) a breccia ( bones b ?is probably is ! effect ( a gradual increase1 r ?an ( ! de/ruction at any "o p]iod4 ,subsequ5tly to ! dr\ght ( #ahbg to #ahcb1 a v ra9y season foll[$ :i* caus$ great floods4 ,h5ce x is almo/ c]ta9 t "s ?\s&s ( ! skeletons 7 buri$ by ! deposits ( ! v next ye>4 ,:at w\ld be ! op9ion ( a geologi/1 view+ su* an enorm\s collection ( bones1 ( all k9ds ( animals & ( all ages1 ?us emb$d$ 9 "o ?ick e>?y mass8 ,w\ld he n attribute x to a flood hav+ swept ov] ! surface ( ! l&1 r ?an to ! common ord] ( ?+s8 #aj ,octob] #ab?4--,i _h int5d$ to pu% my excursion fur!r1 b n be+ q well1 ,i 0 compell$ to return by a bal&ra1 or "o-ma/$ vessel ( ab\t a hundr$ tons' burd51 :i* 0 b\nd to ,bu5os ,ayres4 ,z ! wea!r 0 n fair1 we moor$ e>ly 9 ! day to a bran* ( a tree on "o ( ! isl&s4 ,! ,p>ana is full ( isl&s1 :i* und]go a con/ant r\nd ( decay & r5ovation4 ,9 ! memory ( ! ma/] sev]al l>ge ones _h disappe>$1 & o!rs aga9 _h be5 =m$ & protect$ by vegetation4 ,!y are compos$ ( muddy s&1 )\t ev5 ! smalle/ pebble1 & 7 !n ab\t f\r feet above ! level ( ! riv]2 b dur+ ! p]iodical floods !y are inundat$4 ,!y all pres5t "o "*2 num]\s will[s & a few o!r trees are b\nd toge!r by a great v>iety ( creep+ plants1 ?us =m+ a ?ick jungle4 ,^! ?ickets af=d a retreat = capyb>as & jagu>s4 ,! fe> ( ! latt] animal q de/roy$ all pleasure 9 scrambl+ ?r\gh ! woods4 ,?is ev5+ ,i _h n proce$$ a hundr$ y>ds1 be=e f9d+ indubitable signs ( ! rec5t pres5ce ( ! tig]1 ,i 0 oblig$ to come back4 ,on e isl& !re 7 tracks2 & z on ! =m] excursion el ra/ro de los ,indios _h be5 ! subject ( conv]sation1 s 9 ?is 0 el ra/ro del tigre4 ,! wood$ banks ( ! great riv]s appe> to be ! fav\rite haunts ( ! jagu>2 b s\? ( ! ,plata1 ,i 0 told t !y frequ5t$ ! re$s bord]+ lakes3 :]ev] !y are1 !y seem to require wat]4 ,_! common prey is ! capyb>a1 s t x is g5]ally said1 :]e capyb>as are num]\s !re is little dang] f ! jagu>4 ,falcon] /ates t ne> ! s\!rn side ( ! m\? ( ! ,plata !re are _m jagu>s1 & t !y *iefly live on fi%2 ?is acc\nt ,i h he>d repeat$4 ,on ! ,p>ana !y h kill$ _m wood-cutt]s1 & h ev5 ent]$ vessels at night4 ,!re is a man n[ liv+ 9 ! ,bajada1 :o1 com+ up f bel[ :5 x 0 d>k1 0 seiz$ on ! deck2 he escap$1 h[ev]1 ) ! loss ( ! use ( "o arm4 ,:5 ! floods drive ^! animals f ! isl&s1 !y are mo/ dang]\s4 ,i 0 told t a few ye>s s9ce a v l>ge "o f\nd its way into a *ur* at ,/4 ,fe3 two padres ent]+ "o aft] ! o!r 7 kill$1 & a ?ird1 :o came to see :at 0 ! matt]1 escap$ ) difficulty4 ,! bea/ 0 de/roy$ by be+ %ot f a corn] ( ! build+ :i* 0 unro($4 ,!y commit also at ^! times great ravages among cattle & horses4 ,x is said t !y kill _! prey by break+ _! necks4 ,if driv5 f ! c>cass1 !y seldom return to x4 ,! ,gau*os say t ! jagu>1 :5 w&]+ ab\t at night1 is mu* torm5t$ by ! foxes yelp+ z !y foll[ him4 ,?is is a curi\s co9cid5ce ) ! fact :i* is g5]ally affirm$ ( ! jackals accompany+1 9 a simil>ly (fici\s mann]1 ! ,ea/ ,indian tig]4 ,! jagu> is a noisy animal1 ro>+ mu* by night1 & especially be=e bad wea!r4 ,"o day1 :5 hunt+ on ! banks ( ! ,uruguay1 ,i 0 %[n c]ta9 trees1 to :i* ^! animals con/antly recur = ! purpose1 z x is said1 ( %>p5+ _! claws4 ,i saw ?ree well-kn[n trees2 9 front1 ! b>k 0 worn smoo?1 z if by ! brea/ ( ! animal1 & on ea* side !re 7 deep scrat*es1 or r grooves1 ext5d+ 9 an oblique l9e1 ne>ly a y>d 9 l5g?4 ,! sc>s 7 ( diff]5t ages4 ,a common me?od ( asc]ta9+ :e!r a jagu> is 9 ! neighb\rhood is to exam9e ^! trees4 ,i imag9e ?is habit ( ! jagu> is exactly simil> to "o :i* may any day be se5 9 ! common cat1 z ) out/ret*$ legs & exs]t$ claws x scrapes ! leg ( a *air2 & ,i h he>d ( "y fruit-trees 9 an or*>d 9 ,engl& hav+ be5 ?us mu* injur$4 ,"s su* habit mu/ also be common to ! puma1 = on ! b>e h>d soil ( ,patagonia ,i h frequ5tly se5 scores s deep t no o!r animal c\ld h made !m4 ,! object ( ?is practice is1 ,i believe1 to te> (f ! ragg$ po9ts ( _! claws1 & n1 z ! ,gau*os ?9k1 to %>p5 !m4 ,! jagu> is kill$1 )\t mu* difficulty1 by ! aid ( dogs bay+ & driv+ him up a tree1 :]e he is despat*$ ) bullets4 ,ow+ to bad wea!r we rema9$ two days at our moor+s4 ,our only amusem5t 0 cat*+ fi% = our d9n]3 !re 7 sev]al k9ds1 & all good eat+4 ,a fi% call$ ! armado 7a ,silurus7 is rem>kable f a h>% grat+ noise :i* x makes :5 caught by hook & l9e1 & :i* c be di/9ctly he>d :5 ! fi% is b5ea? ! wat]4 ,?is same fi% has ! p[] ( firmly cat*+ hold ( any object1 su* z ! blade ( an o> or ! fi%+-l9e1 ) ! /rong sp9e bo? ( its pectoral & dorsal f94 ,9 ! ev5+ ! wea!r 0 q tropical1 ! !rmomet] /&+ at #gi degs4 ,numb]s ( fireflies 7 hov]+ ab\t1 & ! musquitoes 7 v tr\blesome4 ,i expos$ my h& = five m9utes1 & x 0 soon black ) !m2 ,i d n suppose !re c\ld h be5 less ?an fifty1 all busy suck+4 ,octob] #ae?4--,we got "u way & pass$ ,punta ,gorda1 :]e !re is a colony ( tame ,indians f ! prov9ce ( ,missiones4 ,we sail$ rapidly d[n ! curr5t1 b be=e sunset1 f a silly fe> ( bad wea!r1 we br\ght-to 9 a n>r[ arm ( ! riv]4 ,i took ! boat & r[$ "s di/ance up ?is creek4 ,x 0 v n>r[1 w9d+1 & deep2 on ea* side a wall ?irty or =ty feet high1 =m$ by trees intw9$ ) creep]s1 gave to ! canal a s+ul>ly gloomy appe>ance4 ,i "h saw a v extraord9>y bird1 call$ ! ,scissor-beak 7,rhyn*ops nigra74 ,x has %ort legs1 web feet1 extremely long-po9t$ w+s1 & is ( ab\t ! size ( a t]n4 ,! beak is flatt5$ lat]ally1 t is1 9 a plane at "r angles to t ( a spoonbill or duck4 ,x is z flat & ela/ic z an ivory pap]-cutt]1 & ! l[] m&ible1 diff]+ f e o!r bird1 is an in* & a half long] ?an ! upp]4 ,9 a lake ne> ,maldonado1 f :i* ! wat] _h be5 ne>ly dra9$1 & :i*1 9 consequ5ce1 sw>m$ ) small fry1 ,i saw sev]al ( ^! birds1 g5]ally 9 small flocks1 fly+ rapidly backw>ds & =w>ds close to ! surface ( ! lake4 ,!y kept _! bills wide op51 & ! l[] m&ible half buri$ 9 ! wat]4 ,?us skimm+ ! surface1 !y pl\gh$ x 9 _! c\rse3 ! wat] 0 q smoo?1 & x =m$ a mo/ curi\s spectacle to behold a flock1 ea* bird leav+ its n>r[ wake on ! mirror-l surface4 ,9 _! flight !y frequ5tly twi/ ab\t ) extreme quickness1 & dext]\sly manage ) _! project+ l[] m&ible to pl\gh up small fi%1 :i* are secur$ by ! upp] & %ort] half ( _! scissor-l picture bills4 ,?is fact ,i repeat$ly saw1 z1 l swall[s1 !y cont9u$ to fly backw>ds & =w>ds close be=e me4 ,occasionally :5 leav+ ! surface ( ! wat] _! flight 0 wild1 irregul>1 & rapid2 !y !n utt]$ l\d h>% cries4 ,:5 ^! birds are fi%+1 ! advantage ( ! long prim>y fea!rs ( _! w+s1 9 keep+ !m dry1 is v evid5t4 ,:5 ?us employ$1 _! =ms resemble ! symbol by :i* _m arti/s repres5t m>9e birds4 ,_! tails are mu* us$ 9 /e]+ _! irregul> c\rse4 ,^! birds are common f> inl& along ! c\rse ( ! ,rio ,p>ana2 x is said t !y rema9 "h dur+ ! :ole ye>1 & bre$ 9 ! m>%es4 ,dur+ ! day !y re/ 9 flocks on ! grassy pla9s at "s di/ance f ! wat]4 ,be+ at an*or1 z ,i h said1 9 "o ( ! deep creeks betwe5 ! isl&s ( ! ,p>ana1 z ! ev5+ drew to a close1 "o ( ^! scissor-beaks sudd5ly appe>$4 ,! wat] 0 q /ill1 & _m little fi% 7 ris+4 ,! bird cont9u$ = a long "t to skim ! surface1 fly+ 9 its wild & irregul> mann] up & d[n ! n>r[ canal1 n[ d>k ) ! gr[+ night & ! %ad[s ( ! ov]hang+ trees4 ,at ,monte ,video1 ,i obs]v$ t "s l>ge flocks dur+ ! day rema9$ on ! mud-banks at ! head ( ! h>b\r1 9 ! same mann] z on ! grassy pla9s ne> ! ,p>ana2 & e ev5+ !y took flight seaw>d4 ,f ^! facts ,i suspect t ! ,rhyn*ops g5]ally fi%es by night1 at :i* "t _m ( ! l[] animals come mo/ abundantly to ! surface4 ,m4 ,lesson /ates t he has se5 ^! birds op5+ ! %ells ( ! mactrae buri$ 9 ! s&-banks on ! coa/ ( ,*ile3 f _! weak bills1 ) ! l[] m&ible s mu* project+1 _! %ort legs & long w+s1 x is v improbable t ?is c be a g5]al habit4 ,9 our c\rse d[n ! ,p>ana1 ,i obs]v$ only ?ree o!r birds1 ^: habits are wor? m5tion+4 ,"o is a small k+fi%] 7,c]yle ,am]icana72 x has a long] tail ?an ! ,european species1 & h5ce does n sit 9 s /iff & upright a position4 ,its flight also1 in/ead ( be+ direct & rapid1 l ! c\rse ( an arr[1 is weak & undulatory1 z among ! s(t-bill$ birds4 ,x utt]s a l[ note1 l ! click+ toge!r ( two small /ones4 ,a small gre5 p>rot 7,conurus mur9us71 ) a grey brea/1 appe>s to pref] ! tall trees on ! isl&s to any o!r situation = its build+-place4 ,a numb] ( ne/s are plac$ s close toge!r z to =m "o great mass ( /icks4 ,^! p>rots always live 9 flocks1 & commit great ravages on ! corn-fields4 ,i 0 told1 t ne> ,colonia #bejj 7 kill$ 9 ! c\rse ( "o ye>4 ,a bird ) a =k$ tail1 t]m9at$ by two long fea!rs 7,tyrannus savana71 & nam$ by ! ,spani>ds scissor-tail1 is v common ne> ,bu5os ,ayres3 x commonly sits on a bran* ( ! ombu tree1 ne> a h\se1 & !nce takes a %ort flight 9 pursuit ( insects1 & returns to ! same spot4 ,:5 on ! w+ x pres5ts 9 its mann] ( flight & g5]al appe>ance a c>icature-lik5ess ( ! common swall[4 ,x has ! p[] ( turn+ v %ortly 9 ! air1 & 9 s do+ op5s & %uts its tail1 sometimes 9 a horizontal or lat]al & sometimes 9 a v]tical direction1 j l a pair ( scissors4 ,octob] #af?4--,"s leagues bel[ ,roz>io1 ! we/]n %ore ( ! ,p>ana is b\nd$ by p]p5dicul> cliffs1 :i* ext5d 9 a long l9e to bel[ ,san ,nicolas2 h5ce x m resembles a sea-coa/ ?an t ( a fre%-wat] riv]4 ,x is a great drawback to ! sc5]y ( ! ,p>ana1 t1 f ! s(t nature ( its banks1 ! wat] is v muddy4 ,! ,uruguay1 fl[+ ?r\gh a granitic c\ntry1 is mu* cle>]2 & :]e ! two *annels unite at ! head ( ! ,plata1 ! wat]s may = a long di/ance be di/+ui%$ by _! black & r$ col\rs4 ,9 ! ev5+1 ! w9d be+ n q fair1 z usual we imm$iately moor$1 & ! next day1 z x blew r fre%ly1 ?\gh ) a fav\r+ curr5t1 ! ma/] 0 mu* too indol5t to ?9k ( />t+4 ,at ,bajada1 he 0 describ$ to me z hombre muy aflicto--a man always mis]able to get on2 b c]ta9ly he bore all delays ) admirable resignation4 ,he 0 an old ,spani>d1 & _h be5 _m ye>s 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,he pr(ess$ a great lik+ to ! ,engli%1 b /\tly ma9ta9$ t ! battle ( ,trafalg> 0 m]ely won by ! ,spani% capta9s hav+ be5 all b\ght ov]2 & t ! only really gallant action on ei!r side 0 p]=m$ by ! ,spani% admiral4 ,x /ruck me z r *>act]i/ic1 t ?is man %\ld pref] 8 c\ntrym5 be+ ?\ght ! wor/ ( traitors1 r ?an unskilful or c[>dly4 #ah? & #ai?4--,we cont9u$ sl[ly to sail d[n ! noble /ream3 ! curr5t help$ u b little4 ,we met1 dur+ our desc5t1 v few vessels4 ,"o ( ! be/ gifts ( nature1 9 s gr& a *annel ( communication1 seems "h wilfully ?r[n away--a riv] 9 :i* %ips might navigate f a temp]ate c\ntry1 z surpris+ly abundant 9 c]ta9 productions z de/itute ( o!rs1 to ano!r possess+ a tropical climate1 & a soil :i*1 accord+ to ! be/ ( judges1 ,m4 ,bonpl&1 is p]haps unequall$ 9 f]tility 9 any "p ( ! _w4 ,h[ diff]5t w\ld h be5 ! aspect ( ?is riv] if ,engli% coloni/s _h by good =tune fir/ sail$ up ! ,plata6 ,:at noble t[ns w\ld n[ h occupi$ its %ores6 ,till ! dea? ( ,francia1 ! ,dictator ( ,p>aguay1 ^! two c\ntries mu/ rema9 di/9ct1 z if plac$ on opposite sides ( ! globe4 ,& :5 ! old bloody-m9d$ tyrant is gone to 8 long acc\nt1 ,p>aguay w be torn by revolutions1 viol5t 9 proportion to ! previ\s unnatural calm4 ,t c\ntry w h to le>n1 l e o!r ,s\? ,am]ican /ate1 t a republic _c succe$ till x conta9s a c]ta9 body ( m5 imbu$ ) ! pr9ciples ( ju/ice & hon\r4 ,octob] #bj?4--,be+ arriv$ at ! m\? ( ! ,p>ana1 & z ,i 0 v anxi\s to rea* ,bu5os ,ayres1 ,i w5t on %ore at ,las ,con*as1 ) ! int5tion ( rid+ !re4 ,^u l&+1 ,i f\nd to my great surprise t ,i 0 to a c]ta9 degree a prison]4 ,a viol5t revolution hav+ brok5 out1 all ! ports 7 laid "u an emb>go4 ,i c\ld n return to my vessel1 & z = go+ by l& to ! city1 x 0 out ( ! "q4 ,aft] a long conv]sation ) ! comm&ant1 ,i obta9$ p]mission to g ! next day to ,g5]al ,rolor1 :o comm&$ a division ( ! rebels on ?is side ! capital4 ,9 ! morn+ ,i rode to ! encampm5t4 ,! g5]al1 (fic]s1 & soldi]s1 all appe>$1 & ,i believe really 71 great villa9s4 ,! g5]al1 ! v ev5+ be=e he left ! city1 volunt>ily w5t to ! ,gov]nor1 & ) 8 h& to 8 he>t1 pl$g$ 8 ^w ( hon\r t he at lea/ w\ld rema9 fai?ful to ! la/4 ,! g5]al told me t ! city 0 9 a /ate ( close blockade1 & t all he c\ld d 0 to give me a passport to ! comm&]-9-*ief ( ! rebels at ,quilmes4 ,we _h !re=e to take a great sweep r\nd ! city1 & x 0 ) mu* difficulty t we procur$ horses4 ,my reception at ! encampm5t 0 q civil1 b ,i 0 told x 0 impossible t ,i c\ld be all[$ to ent] ! city4 ,i 0 v anxi\s ab\t ?is1 z ,i anticipat$ ! ,beagle's dep>ture f ! ,rio ,plata e>li] ?an x took place4 ,hav+ m5tion$1 h[ev]1 ,g5]al ,rosas's oblig+ k9dness to me :5 at ! ,colorado1 magic itself c\ld n h alt]$ circum/ances quick] ?an did ?is conv]sation4 ,i 0 in/antly told t ?\gh !y c\ld n give me a passport1 if ,i *ose to leave my guide & horses1 ,i might pass _! s5t9els4 ,i 0 too glad to accept ( ?is1 & an (fic] 0 s5t ) me to give directions t ,i %\ld n be /opp$ at ! bridge4 ,! road = ! space ( a league 0 q des]t$4 ,i met "o p>ty ( soldi]s1 :o 7 satisfi$ by gravely look+ at an old passport3 & at l5g? ,i 0 n a little pleas$ to f9d myself )9 ! city4 ,?is revolution 0 support$ by sc>cely any pretext ( grievances3 b 9 a /ate :i*1 9 ! c\rse ( n9e mon?s 7f ,febru>y to ,octob]1 #ahbj71 und]w5t fifte5 *anges 9 its gov]nm5t--ea* gov]nor1 accord+ to ! con/itution1 be+ elect$ = ?ree ye>s--x w\ld be v unreasonable to ask = pretexts4 ,9 ?is case1 a p>ty ( m5--:o1 be+ atta*$ to ,rosas1 7 disgu/$ ) ! gov]nor ,balc>ce--to ! numb] ( sev5ty left ! city1 & ) ! cry ( ,rosas ! :ole c\ntry took arms4 ,! city 0 !n blockad$1 no provisions1 cattle or horses1 7 all[$ to ent]2 besides ?is1 !re 0 only a little skirmi%+1 & a few m5 daily kill$4 ,! outside p>ty well knew t by /opp+ ! supply ( meat !y w\ld c]ta9ly be victori\s4 ,g5]al ,rosas c\ld n h kn[n ( ?is ris+2 b x appe>s to be q consonant ) ! plans ( 8 p>ty4 ,a ye> ago he 0 elect$ gov]nor1 b he refus$ x1 unless ! ,sala w\ld also conf] on him extraord9>y p[]s4 ,?is 0 refus$1 & s9ce !n 8 p>ty h %[n t no o!r gov]nor c keep 8 place4 ,! w>f>e on bo? sides 0 av[$ly protract$ till x 0 possible to he> f ,rosas4 ,a note arriv$ a few days aft] ,i left ,bu5os ,ayres1 :i* /at$ t ! ,g5]al disapprov$ ( peace hav+ be5 brok51 b t he ?\ght ! outside p>ty _h ju/ice on _! side4 ,on ! b>e reception ( ?is1 ! ,gov]nor1 m9i/]s1 & "p ( ! milit>y1 to ! numb] ( "s hundr$s1 fl$ f ! city4 ,! rebels ent]$1 elect$ a new gov]nor1 & 7 paid = _! s]vices to ! numb] ( #eejj m54 ,f ^! proce$+s1 x 0 cle> t ,rosas ultimately w\ld become ! dictator3 to ! t]m k+1 ! p 9 ?is1 z 9 o!r republics1 h a p>ticul> dislike4 ,s9ce leav+ ,s\? ,am]ica1 we h he>d t ,rosas has be5 elect$1 ) p[]s & = a "t altoge!r oppos$ to ! con/itutional pr9ciples ( ! republic4 #a ,! bizca*a 7,lago/omus tri*odactylus7 some:at resembles a l>ge rabbit1 b ) bigg] gnaw+ tee? & a long tail2 x has1 h[ev]1 only ?ree toes beh9d1 l ! ag\ti4 ,dur+ ! la/ ?ree or f\r ye>s ! sk9s ( ^! animals h be5 s5t to ,engl& = ! sake ( ! fur4 #b ,j\rnal ( ,asiatic ,soc41 vol4 v4 p4 #cfc4 #c ,i ne$ h>dly /ate "h t !re is good evid5ce aga9/ any horse liv+ 9 ,am]ica at ! "t ( ,columbus4 #d ,cuvi]4 ,ossem5s ,fossils1 tom4 i4 p4 #aeh4 #e ,?is is ! geographical division foll[$ by ,li*t5/e91 ,swa9son1 ,eri*son1 & ,ri*>dson4 ,! section f ,v]a ,cruz to ,acapulco1 giv5 by ,humboldt 9 ! ,polit4 ,essay on ,k+dom ( ,n4 ,spa9 w %[ h[ imm5se a b>ri] ! ,mexican table-l& =ms4 ,dr4 ,ri*>dson1 9 8 admirable ,report on ! ,zoology ( ,n4 ,am]ica read be=e ! ,brit4 ,assoc4 #ahcf 7p4 #aeg71 talk+ ( ! id5tification ( a ,mexican animal ) ! ,syne!res preh5silis1 says1 ,we d n "k ) :at propriety1 b if correct1 x is1 if n a solit>y in/ance1 at lea/ v ne>ly s1 ( a rod5t animal be+ common to ,nor? & ,s\? ,am]ica4 #f ,see ,dr4 ,ri*>dson's ,report1 p4 #aeg2 also ,l',in/itut1 #ahcg1 p4 #bec4 ,cuvi] says ! k9kaj\ is f\nd 9 ! l>g] ,antilles1 b ?is is d\btful4 ,m4 ,g]vais /ates t ! ,didelphis crancrivora is f\nd !re4 ,x is c]ta9 t ! ,we/ ,indies possess "s mammif]s peculi> to !mselves4 ,a too? ( a ma/adon has be5 br\ght f ,bahama2 ,ed94 ,new ,phil4 ,j\rn41 #ahbf1 p4 #cie4 #g ,see ! admirable ,app5dix by ,dr4 ,buckl& to ,bee*ey's ,voyage2 also ! writ+s ( ,*amisso 9 ,kotzebue's ,voyage4 #h ,9 ,capta9 ,ow5's ,survey+ ,voyage 7vol4 ii4 p4 #bgd7 !re is a curi\s acc\nt ( ! effects ( a dr\ght on ! elephants1 at ,b5guela 7we/ coa/ ( ,africa74 ,a numb] ( ^! animals _h "s "t s9ce ent]$ ! t[n1 9 a body1 to possess !mselves ( ! wells1 n be+ able to procure any wat] 9 ! c\ntry4 ,! inhabitants mu/]$1 :5 a desp]ate conflict ensu$1 :i* t]m9at$ 9 ! ultimate discomfiture ( ! invad]s1 b n until !y _h kill$ "o man1 & w\nd$ sev]al o!rs4 ,! t[n is said to h a population ( ne>ly ?ree ?\s&6 ,dr4 ,malcolmson in=ms me t1 dur+ a great dr\ght 9 ,india1 ! wild animals ent]$ ! t5ts ( "s troops at ,ellore1 & t a h>e drank out ( a vessel held by ! adjutant ( ! regim5t4 #i ,travels1 vol4 i4 p4 #cgd4 #aj ,^! dr\ghts to a c]ta9 degree seem to be almo/ p]iodical2 ,i 0 told ! dates ( sev]al o!rs1 & ! int]vals 7 ab\t fifte5 ye>s4 ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,b&a ,,ori5tal ,,& ,,patagonia ,excursion to ,colonia del ,sacrami5to--,value ( an ,e/ancia--,cattle1 h[ c\nt$--,s+ul> ,bre$ ( ,ox5--,p]=at$ ,pebbles--,%eph]d ,dogs--,horses brok5-91 ,gau*os rid+--,"* ( ,inhabitants--,rio ,plata--,flocks ( ,butt]flies--,a]onaut ,spid]s--,phosphoresc5ce ( ! ,sea--,port ,desire--,guanaco--,port ,/4 ,julian--,geology ( ,patagonia--,fossil gigantic ,animal--,types ( ,organization con/ant--,*ange 9 ! ,zoology ( ,am]ica--,causes ( ,ext9ction4 ,,hav+ be5 delay$ = ne>ly a =tnight 9 ! city1 ,i 0 glad to escape on bo>d a packet b\nd = ,monte ,video4 ,a t[n 9 a /ate ( blockade mu/ always be a disagreeable place ( resid5ce2 9 ?is case moreov] !re 7 con/ant appreh5sions f robb]s )94 ,! s5t9els 7 ! wor/ ( all2 =1 f _! (fice & f hav+ arms 9 _! h&s1 !y robb$ ) a degree ( au?ority :i* o!r m5 c\ld n imitate4 ,our passage 0 a v long & t$i\s "o4 ,! ,plata looks l a noble e/u>y on ! map2 b is 9 tru? a poor affair4 ,a wide expanse ( muddy wat] has nei!r gr&eur nor beauty4 ,at "o "t ( ! day1 ! two %ores1 bo? ( :i* are extremely l[1 c\ld j be di/+ui%$ f ! deck4 ,on arriv+ at ,monte ,video ,i f\nd t ! ,beagle w\ld n sail = "s "t1 s ,i prep>$ = a %ort excursion 9 ?is "p ( ,b&a ,ori5tal4 ,ev]y?+ :i* ,i h said ab\t ! c\ntry ne> ,maldonado is applicable to ,monte ,video2 b ! l&1 ) ! "o exception ( ! ,gre5 ,m\nt #dej feet high1 f :i* x takes its "n1 is f> m level4 ,v little ( ! undulat+ grassy pla9 is enclos$2 b ne> ! t[n !re are a few h$ge-banks1 cov]$ ) agaves1 cacti1 & f5nel4 ,novemb] #ad?4--,we left ,monte ,video 9 ! aft]noon4 ,i int5d$ to proce$ to ,colonia del ,sacrami5to1 situat$ on ! nor!rn bank ( ! ,plata & opposite to ,bu5os ,ayres1 & !nce1 foll[+ up ! ,uruguay1 to ! village ( ,m]c$es on ! ,rio ,negro 7"o ( ! _m riv]s ( ?is "n 9 ,s\? ,am]ica71 & f ?is po9t to return direct to ,monte ,video4 ,we slept at ! h\se ( my guide at ,canelones4 ,9 ! morn+ we rose e>ly1 9 ! hopes ( be+ able to ride a good di/ance2 b x 0 a va9 attempt1 = all ! riv]s 7 flood$4 ,we pass$ 9 boats ! /reams ( ,canelones1 ,/4 ,lucia1 & ,san ,jose1 & ?us lo/ mu* "t4 ,on a =m] excursion ,i cross$ ! ,lucia ne> its m\?1 & ,i 0 surpris$ to obs]ve h[ easily our horses1 al?\gh n us$ to swim1 pass$ ov] a wid? ( at lea/ six hundr$ y>ds4 ,on m5tion+ ?is at ,monte ,video1 ,i 0 told t a vessel conta9+ "s m\ntebanks & _! horses1 be+ wreck$ 9 ! ,plata1 "o horse swam sev5 miles to ! %ore4 ,9 ! c\rse ( ! day ,i 0 amus$ by ! dext]ity ) :i* a ,gau*o =c$ a re/ive horse to swim a riv]4 ,he /ripp$ (f 8 clo!s1 & jump+ on its back1 rode into ! wat] till x 0 out ( its dep?2 !n slipp+ (f ov] ! crupp]1 he caught hold ( ! tail1 & z (t5 z ! horse turn$ r\nd ! man fright5$ x back by spla%+ wat] 9 its face4 ,z soon z ! horse t\*$ ! bottom on ! o!r side1 ! man pull$ himself on1 & 0 firmly seat$1 bridle 9 h&1 be=e ! horse ga9$ ! bank4 ,a nak$ man on a nak$ horse is a f9e spectacle2 ,i _h no idea h[ well ! two animals suit$ ea* o!r4 ,! tail ( a horse is a v useful app5dage2 ,i h pass$ a riv] 9 a boat ) f\r p 9 x1 :i* 0 f]ri$ across 9 ! same way z ! ,gau*o4 ,if a man & horse h to cross a broad riv]1 ! be/ plan is = ! man to cat* hold ( ! pommel or mane1 & help himself ) ! o!r arm4 ,we slept & /ay$ ! foll[+ day at ! po/ ( ,cufre4 ,9 ! ev5+ ! po/man or lett]-c>ri] arriv$4 ,he 0 a day aft] 8 "t1 ow+ to ! ,rio ,roz>io be+ flood$4 ,x w\ld n1 h[ev]1 be ( mu* consequ5ce2 =1 al?\gh he _h pass$ ?r\gh "s ( ! pr9cipal t[ns 9 ,b&a ,ori5tal1 8 luggage consi/$ ( two lett]s6 ,! view f ! h\se 0 pleas+2 an undulat+ gre5 surface1 ) di/ant glimpses ( ! ,plata4 ,i f9d t ,i look at ?is prov9ce ) v diff]5t eyes f :at ,i did ^u my fir/ arrival4 ,i recollect ,i !n ?\ght x s+ul>ly level2 b n[1 aft] gallop+ ov] ! ,pampas1 my only surprise is1 :at c\ld h induc$ me ev] to call x level4 ,! c\ntry is a s]ies ( undulations1 9 !mselves p]haps n absolutely great1 b1 z comp>$ to ! pla9s ( ,/4 ,fe1 real m\nta9s4 ,f ^! inequalities !re is an abundance ( small rivulets1 & ! turf is gre5 & luxuriant4 ,novemb] #ag?4--,we cross$ ! ,roz>io1 :i* 0 deep & rapid1 & pass+ ! village ( ,colla1 arriv$ at midday at ,colonia del ,sacrami5to4 ,! di/ance is tw5ty leagues1 ?r\gh a c\ntry cov]$ ) f9e grass1 b poorly /ock$ ) cattle or inhabitants4 ,i 0 invit$ to sleep at ,colonia1 & to accompany on ! foll[+ day a g5tleman to 8 e/ancia1 :]e !re 7 "s lime/one rocks4 ,! t[n is built on a /ony promontory some?+ 9 ! same mann] z at ,monte ,video4 ,x is /rongly =tifi$1 b bo? =tifications & t[n suff]$ mu* 9 ! ,brazilian w>4 ,x is v anci5t2 & ! irregul>ity ( ! /reets1 & ! surr\nd+ groves ( old orange & pea* trees1 gave x a pretty appe>ance4 ,! *ur* is a curi\s ru92 x 0 us$ z a p[d]-magaz9e1 & 0 /ruck by lightn+ 9 "o ( ! t5 ?\s& ?und]/orms ( ! ,rio ,plata4 ,two-?irds ( ! build+ 7 bl[n away to ! v f\ndation2 & ! re/ /&s a %att]$ & curi\s monum5t ( ! unit$ p[]s ( lightn+ & gunp[d]4 ,9 ! ev5+ ,i w&]$ ab\t ! half-demoli%$ walls ( ! t[n4 ,x 0 ! *ief seat ( ! ,brazilian w>2--a w> mo/ injuri\s to ?is c\ntry1 n s mu* 9 its imm$iate effects1 z 9 be+ ! orig9 ( a multitude ( g5]als & all o!r grades ( (fic]s4 ,m g5]als are numb]$ 7b n paid7 9 ! ,unit$ ,prov9ces ( ,la ,plata ?an 9 ! ,unit$ ,k+dom ( ,great ,brita94 ,^! g5tlem5 h le>n$ to l p[]1 & d n object to a little skirmi%+4 ,h5ce !re are _m always on ! wat* to create di/urbance & to ov]turn a gov]nm5t :i* z yet has nev] re/$ on any /aple f\ndation4 ,i notic$1 h[ev]1 bo? "h & 9 o!r places1 a v g5]al int]e/ 9 ! ensu+ election = ! ,presid5t2 & ?is appe>s a good sign = ! prosp]ity ( ?is little c\ntry4 ,! inhabitants d n require mu* education 9 _! repres5tatives2 ,i he>d "s m5 discuss+ ! m]its ( ^? = ,colonia2 & x 0 said t1 al?\gh !y 7 n m5 ( bus9ess1 !y c\ld all sign _! names3 ) ?is !y seem$ to ?9k e reasonable man ought to be satisfi$4 #ah?4--,rode ) my ho/ to 8 e/ancia1 at ! ,arroyo de ,san ,juan4 ,9 ! ev5+ we took a ride r\nd ! e/ate3 x conta9$ two squ>e leagues & a half1 & 0 situat$ 9 :at is call$ a r9con2 t is1 "o side 0 front$ by ! ,plata1 & ! two o!rs gu>d$ by impassable brooks4 ,!re 0 an excell5t port = little vessels1 & an abundance ( small wood1 :i* is valuable z supply+ fuel to ,bu5os ,ayres4 ,i 0 curi\s to "k ! value ( s complete an e/ancia4 ,( cattle !re 7 #cjjj1 & x w\ld well support ?ree or f\r times t numb]2 ( m>es #hjj1 toge!r ) #aej brok5-9 horses1 & #fjj %eep4 ,!re 0 pl5ty ( wat] & lime/one1 a r\gh h\se1 excell5t corrals1 & a pea* or*>d4 ,= all ?is he _h be5 (f]$ #bjjj ,p\nds1 & he only want$ #ejj ,p\nds additional1 & probably w\ld sell x = less4 ,! *ief tr\ble ) an e/ancia is driv+ ! cattle twice a week to a c5tral spot1 9 ord] to make !m tame1 & to c\nt !m4 ,?is latt] op]ation w\ld be ?\ght difficult1 :]e !re are t5 or fifte5 ?\s& head toge!r4 ,x is manag$ on ! pr9ciple t ! cattle inv>iably divide !mselves into little troops ( f =ty to "o hundr$4 ,ea* troop is recogniz$ by a few peculi>ly m>k$ animals1 & its numb] is kn[n3 s t1 "o be+ lo/ out ( t5 ?\s&1 x is p]ceiv$ by its abs5ce f "o ( ! tropillas4 ,dur+ a /ormy night ! cattle all m+le toge!r2 b ! next morn+ ! tropillas sep>ate z be=e2 s t ea* animal mu/ "k its fell[ out ( t5 ?\s& o!rs4 ,on two occasions ,i met ) 9 ?is prov9ce "s ox5 ( a v curi\s bre$1 call$ nata or niata4 ,!y appe> ext]nally to hold ne>ly ! same relation to o!r cattle1 :i* bull or pug dogs d to o!r dogs4 ,_! =ehead is v %ort & broad1 ) ! nasal end turn$ up1 & ! upp] lip mu* drawn back2 _! l[] jaws project beyond ! upp]1 & h a correspond+ upw>d curve2 h5ce _! tee? are always expos$4 ,_! no/rils are seat$ high up & are v op52 _! eyes project outw>ds4 ,:5 walk+ !y c>ry _! heads l[1 on a %ort neck2 & _! h9d] legs are r long] comp>$ ) ! front legs ?an is usual4 ,_! b>e tee?1 _! %ort heads1 & upturn$ no/rils give !m ! mo/ ludicr\s self-confid5t air ( defiance imag9able4 ,s9ce my return1 ,i h procur$ a skeleton head1 ?r\gh ! k9dness ( my fri5d ,capta9 ,sulivan1 ,r4 ,n41 :i* is n[ deposit$ 9 ! ,college ( ,surgeons4 #a ,don ,f4 ,muniz1 ( ,luxan1 has k9dly collect$ = me all ! in=mation :i* he c\ld respect+ ?is bre$4 ,f 8 acc\nt x seems t ab\t eighty or n9ety ye>s ago1 !y 7 r>e & kept z curiosities at ,bu5os ,ayres4 ,! bre$ is univ]sally believ$ to h orig9at$ among/ ! ,indians s\?w>d ( ! ,plata2 & t x 0 ) !m ! commone/ k9d4 ,ev5 to ?is day1 ^? re>$ 9 ! prov9ces ne> ! ,plata %[ _! less civiliz$ orig91 9 be+ fi]c] ?an common cattle1 & 9 ! c[ easily des]t+ h] fir/ calf1 if visit$ too (t5 or mole/$4 ,x is a s+ul> fact t an almo/ simil> /ructure to ! abnormal #b "o ( ! niata bre$1 *>act]izes1 z ,i am in=m$ by ,dr4 ,falcon]1 t great ext9ct rum9ant ( ,india1 ! ,siva!rium4 ,! bre$ is v true2 & a niata bull & c[ inv>iably produce niata calves4 ,a niata bull ) a common c[1 or ! rev]se cross1 produces (fspr+ hav+ an int]m$iate "*1 b ) ! niata *>act]s /rongly display$3 accord+ to ,s5or ,muniz1 !re is ! cle>e/ evid5ce1 contr>y to ! common belief ( agriculturi/s 9 analog\s cases1 t ! niata c[ :5 cross$ ) a common bull transmits h] peculi>ities m /rongly ?an ! niata bull :5 cross$ ) a common c[4 ,:5 ! pa/ure is tol]ably long1 ! niata cattle fe$ ) ! tongue & palate z well z common cattle2 b dur+ ! great dr\ghts1 :5 s _m animals p]i%1 ! niata bre$ is "u a great disadvantage1 & w\ld be ext]m9at$ if n att5d$ to2 = ! common cattle1 l horses1 are able j to keep alive1 by br[s+ ) _! lips on twigs ( trees & re$s2 ?is ! niatas _c s well d1 z _! lips d n jo91 & h5ce !y are f\nd to p]i% be=e ! common cattle4 ,?is /rikes me z a good illu/ration ( h[ little we are able to judge f ! ord9>y habits ( life1 on :at circum/ances1 occurr+ only at long int]vals1 ! r>ity or ext9ction ( a species may be det]m9$4 ,novemb] #ai?4--,pass+ ! valley ( ,las ,vacas1 we slept at a h\se ( a ,nor? ,am]ican1 :o work$ a lime-kiln on ! ,arroyo de las ,vivoras4 ,9 ! morn+ we rode to a protect+ headl& on ! banks ( ! riv]1 call$ ,punta ,gorda4 ,on ! way we tri$ to f9d a jagu>4 ,!re 7 pl5ty ( fre% tracks1 & we visit$ ! trees1 on :i* !y are said to %>p5 _! claws2 b we did n succe$ 9 di/urb+ "o4 ,f ?is po9t ! ,rio ,uruguay pres5t$ to our view a noble volume ( wat]4 ,f ! cle>ness & rapidity ( ! /ream1 its appe>ance 0 f> sup]ior to t ( its neighb\r ! ,p>ana4 ,on ! opposite coa/1 sev]al bran*es f ! latt] riv] ent]$ ! ,uruguay4 ,z ! sun 0 %9+1 ! two col\rs ( ! wat]s c\ld be se5 q di/9ct4 ,9 ! ev5+ we proce$$ on our road t[>ds ,m]c$es on ! ,rio ,negro4 ,at night we ask$ p]mission to sleep at an e/ancia at :i* we happ5$ to arrive4 ,x 0 a v l>ge e/ate1 be+ t5 leagues squ>e1 & ! own] is "o ( ! greate/ l&[n]s 9 ! c\ntry4 ,8 nephew _h *>ge ( x1 & ) him !re 0 a capta9 9 ! army1 :o ! o!r day ran away f ,bu5os ,ayres4 ,consid]+ _! /ation1 _! conv]sation 0 r amus+4 ,!y express$1 z 0 usual1 unb\nd$ a/oni%m5t at ! globe be+ r\nd1 & c\ld sc>cely cr$it t a hole w\ld1 if deep en\gh1 come out on ! o!r side4 ,!y _h1 h[ev]1 he>d ( a c\ntry :]e !re 7 six mon?s ( light & six ( d>kness1 & :]e ! inhabitants 7 v tall & ?96 ,!y 7 curi\s ab\t ! price & condition ( horses & cattle 9 ,engl&4 ,^u f9d+ out we did n cat* our animals ) ! lazo1 !y cri$ out1 ,ah1 !n1 y use no?+ b ! bolas3 ! idea ( an enclos$ c\ntry 0 q new to !m4 ,! capta9 at la/ said1 he _h "o "q to ask me1 :i* he %\ld be v mu* oblig$ if ,i w\ld answ] ) all tru?4 ,i trembl$ to ?9k h[ deeply sci5tific x w\ld be3 x 01 ,:e!r ! ladies ( ,bu5os ,ayres 7 n ! h&some/ 9 ! _w4 ,i repli$1 l a r5egade1 ,*>m+ly s4 ,he add$1 ,i h "o o!r "q3 ,d ladies 9 any o!r "p ( ! _w we> su* l>ge combs8 ,i solemnly assur$ him t !y did n4 ,!y 7 absolutely delight$4 ,! capta9 exclaim$1 ,look !re6 a man :o has se5 half ! _w says x is ! case2 we always ?\ght s1 b n[ we "k x4 ,my excell5t judgm5t 9 combs & beauty procur$ me a mo/ hospitable reception2 ! capta9 =c$ me to take 8 b$1 & he w\ld sleep on 8 recado4 #ba/4--,/>t$ at sunrise1 & rode sl[ly dur+ ! :ole day4 ,! geological nature ( ?is "p ( ! prov9ce 0 diff]5t f ! re/1 & closely resembl$ t ( ! ,pampas4 ,9 consequ5ce1 !re 7 imm5se b$s ( ! ?i/le1 z well z ( ! c>doon3 ! :ole c\ntry1 inde$1 may be call$ "o great b$ ( ^! plants4 ,! two sorts gr[ sep>ate1 ea* plant 9 company ) its own k9d4 ,! c>doon is z high z a horse's back1 b ! ,pampas ?i/le is (t5 high] ?an ! cr[n ( ! rid]'s head4 ,to leave ! road = a y>d is out ( ! "q2 & ! road itself is p>tly1 & 9 "s cases entirely clos$4 ,pa/ure1 ( c\rse !re is none2 if cattle or horses once ent] ! b$1 !y are = ! "t completely lo/4 ,h5ce x is v haz>d\s to attempt to drive cattle at ?is season ( ! ye>2 = :5 jad$ en\gh to face ! ?i/les1 !y ru% among !m1 & are se5 no m4 ,9 ^! di/ricts !re are v few e/ancias1 & ^! few are situat$ 9 ! neighb\rhood ( damp valleys1 :]e =tunately nei!r ( ^! ov]:elm+ plants c exi/4 ,z night came on be=e we arriv$ at our j\rney's end1 we slept at a mis]able little hovel inhabit$ by ! poore/ p4 ,! extreme ?\gh r =mal c\rtesy ( our ho/ & ho/ess1 consid]+ _! grade ( life1 0 q delightful4 ,novemb] #bbnd4--,arriv$ at an e/ancia on ! ,b]quelo belong+ to a v hospitable ,engli%man1 to :om ,i _h a lett] ( introduction f my fri5d ,mr4 ,lumb4 ,i /ay$ "h ?ree days4 ,"o morn+ ,i rode ) my ho/ to ! ,si]ra del ,p$ro ,flaco1 ab\t tw5ty miles up ! ,rio ,negro4 ,ne>ly ! :ole c\ntry 0 cov]$ ) good ?\gh co>se grass1 :i* 0 z high z a horse's belly2 yet !re 7 squ>e leagues )\t a s+le head ( cattle4 ,! prov9ce ( ,b&a ,ori5tal1 if well /ock$1 w\ld support an a/oni%+ numb] ( animals1 at pres5t ! annual export ( hides f ,monte ,video am\nts to ?ree hundr$ ?\s&2 & ! home consumption1 f wa/e1 is v consid]able4 ,an e/anci]o told me t he (t5 _h to s5d l>ge h]ds ( cattle a long j\rney to a salt+ e/abli%m5t1 & t ! tir$ bea/s 7 frequ5tly oblig$ to be kill$ & sk9n$2 b t he c\ld nev] p]suade ! ,gau*os to eat ( !m1 & e ev5+ a fre% bea/ 0 slaught]$ = _! supp]s6 ,! view ( ! ,rio ,negro f ! ,si]ra 0 m picturesque ?an any o!r :i* ,i saw 9 ?is prov9ce4 ,! riv]1 broad1 deep1 & rapid1 w\nd at ! foot ( a rocky precipit\s cliff3 a belt ( wood foll[$ its c\rse1 & ! horizon t]m9at$ 9 ! di/ant undulations ( ! turf-pla94 ,:5 9 ?is neighb\rhood1 ,i sev]al times he>d ( ! ,si]ra de las ,cu5tas3 a hill di/ant _m miles to ! nor?w>d4 ,! "n signifies hill ( beads4 ,i 0 assur$ t va/ numb]s ( little r\nd /ones1 ( v>i\s col\rs1 ea* ) a small cyl9drical hole1 are f\nd !re4 ,=m]ly ! ,indians us$ to collect !m1 = ! purpose ( mak+ necklaces & bracelets--a ta/e1 ,i may obs]ve1 :i* is common to all savage nations1 z well z to ! mo/ poli%$4 ,i did n "k :at to und]/& f ?is /ory1 b ^u m5tion+ x at ! ,cape ( ,good ,hope to ,dr4 ,&rew ,smi?1 he told me t he recollect$ f9d+ on ! s\?-ea/]n coa/ ( ,africa1 ab\t "o hundr$ miles to ! ea/w>d ( ,/4 ,john's riv]1 "s qu>tz cry/als ) _! edges blunt$ f attrition1 & mix$ ) gravel on ! sea-bea*4 ,ea* cry/al 0 ab\t five l9es 9 diamet]1 & f an in* to an in* & a half 9 l5g?4 ,_m ( !m _h a small canal ext5d+ f "o extremity to ! o!r1 p]fectly cyl9drical1 & ( a size t readily admitt$ a co>se ?read or a piece ( f9e catgut4 ,_! col\r 0 r$ or dull :ite4 ,! natives 7 acqua9t$ ) ?is /ructure 9 cry/als4 ,i h m5tion$ ^! circum/ances because1 al?\gh no cry/alliz$ body is at pres5t kn[n to assume ?is =m1 x may lead "s future travell] to inve/igate ! real nature ( su* /ones4 ,:ile /ay+ at ?is e/ancia1 ,i 0 amus$ ) :at ,i saw & he>d ( ! %eph]d-dogs ( ! c\ntry4 #c ,:5 rid+1 x is a common ?+ to meet a l>ge flock ( %eep gu>d$ by "o or two dogs1 at ! di/ance ( "s miles f any h\se or man4 ,i (t5 wond]$ h[ s firm a fri5d%ip _h be5 e/abli%$4 ,! me?od ( education consi/s 9 sep>at+ ! puppy1 :ile v "y1 f ! bit*1 & 9 accu/om+ x to its future companions4 ,an ewe is held ?ree or f\r times a day = ! little ?+ to suck1 & a ne/ ( wool is made = x 9 ! %eep-p52 at no "t is x all[$ to associate ) o!r dogs1 or ) ! *ildr5 ( ! family4 ,! puppy is1 moreov]1 g5]ally ca/rat$2 s t1 :5 gr[n up1 x c sc>cely h any feel+s 9 common ) ! re/ ( its k9d4 ,f ?is education x has no wi% to leave ! flock1 & j z ano!r dog w def5d its ma/]1 man1 s w ^! ! %eep4 ,x is amus+ to obs]ve1 :5 approa*+ a flock1 h[ ! dog imm$iately advances b>k+1 & ! %eep all close 9 8 re>1 z if r\nd ! olde/ ram4 ,^! dogs are also easily taught to br+ home ! flock1 at a c]ta9 h\r 9 ! ev5+4 ,_! mo/ tr\blesome fault1 :5 "y1 is _! desire ( play+ ) ! %eep2 = 9 _! sport !y sometimes gallop _! poor subjects mo/ unm]cifully4 ,! %eph]d-dog comes to ! h\se e day = "s meat1 & z soon z x is giv5 him1 he skulks away z if a%am$ ( himself4 ,on ^! occasions ! h\se-dogs are v tyrannical1 & ! lea/ ( !m w attack & pursue ! /rang]4 ,! m9ute1 h[ev]1 ! latt] has rea*$ ! flock1 he turns r\nd & beg9s to b>k1 & !n all ! h\se-dogs take v quickly to _! heels4 ,9 a simil> mann] a :ole pack ( ! hungry wild dogs w sc>cely ev] 7& ,i 0 told by "s nev]7 v5ture to attack a flock gu>d$ by ev5 "o ( ^! fai?ful %eph]ds4 ,! :ole acc\nt appe>s to me a curi\s in/ance ( ! pliability ( ! affections 9 ! dog2 & yet1 :e!r wild or h[ev] educat$1 he has a feel+ ( respect or fe> = ^? t are fulfill+ _! in/9ct ( association4 ,= we c und]/& on no pr9ciple ! wild dogs be+ driv5 away by ! s+le "o ) its flock1 except t !y consid]1 f "s confus$ notion1 t ! "o ?us associat$ ga9s p[]1 z if 9 company ) its own k9d4 ,f4 ,cuvi] has obs]v$ t all animals t readily ent] into dome/ication1 consid] man z a memb] ( _! own society1 & ?us fulfil _! in/9ct ( association4 ,9 ! above case ! %eph]d-dog ranks ! %eep z its fell[-bre?r51 & ?us ga9s confid5ce2 & ! wild dogs1 ?\gh kn[+ t ! individual %eep are n dogs1 b are good to eat1 yet p>tly cons5t to ?is view :5 see+ !m 9 a flock ) a %eph]d-dog at _! head4 ,"o ev5+ a domidor 7a subdu] ( horses7 came = ! purpose ( break+-9 "s colts4 ,i w describe ! prep>atory /eps1 = ,i believe !y h n be5 m5tion$ by o!r travell]s4 ,a troop ( wild "y horses is driv5 into ! corral1 or l>ge enclosure ( /akes1 & ! door is %ut4 ,we w suppose t "o man alone has to cat* & m\nt a horse1 :i* z yet _h nev] felt bridle or saddle4 ,i conceive1 except by a ,gau*o1 su* a feat w\ld be utt]ly impracticable4 ,! ,gau*o picks out a full-gr[n colt2 & z ! bea/ ru%es r\nd ! circus he ?r[s 8 lazo s z to cat* bo? ! front legs4 ,in/antly ! horse rolls ov] ) a heavy %ock1 & :il/ /ruggl+ on ! gr\nd1 ! ,gau*o1 hold+ ! lazo tight1 makes a circle1 s z to cat* "o ( ! h9d legs j b5ea? ! fetlock1 & draws x close to ! two front legs3 he !n hit*es ! lazo1 s t ! ?ree are b\nd toge!r4 ,!n sitt+ on ! horse's neck1 he fixes a /rong bridle1 )\t a bit1 to ! l[] jaw3 ?is he does by pass+ a n>r[ ?ong ?r\gh ! eye-holes at ! end ( ! re9s1 & sev]al times r\nd bo? jaw & tongue4 ,! two front legs are n[ ti$ closely toge!r ) a /rong lea!rn ?ong1 fa/5$ by a slip-knot4 ,! lazo1 :i* b\nd ! ?ree toge!r1 be+ !n loos$1 ! horse rises ) difficulty4 ,! ,gau*o n[ hold+ fa/ ! bridle fix$ to ! l[] jaw1 leads ! horse outside ! corral4 ,if a second man is pres5t 7o!rwise ! tr\ble is mu* great]7 he holds ! animal's head1 :il/ ! fir/ puts on ! horseclo?s & saddle1 & gir?s ! :ole toge!r4 ,dur+ ?is op]ation1 ! horse1 f dread & a/oni%m5t at ?us be+ b\nd r\nd ! wai/1 ?r[s himself ov] & ov] aga9 on ! gr\nd1 &1 till beat51 is unwill+ to rise4 ,at la/1 :5 ! saddl+ is f9i%$1 ! poor animal c h>dly brea! f fe>1 & is :ite ) foam & sweat4 ,! man n[ prep>es to m\nt by press+ heavily on ! /irrup1 s t ! horse may n lose its balance2 & at ! mom5t t he ?r[s 8 leg ov] ! animal's back1 he pulls ! slip-knot b9d+ ! front legs1 & ! bea/ is free4 ,"s domidors pull ! knot :ile ! animal is ly+ on ! gr\nd1 &1 /&+ ov] ! saddle1 all[ him to rise b5ea? !m4 ,! horse1 wild ) dread1 gives a few mo/ viol5t b\nds1 & !n />ts (f at full gallop3 :5 q exhau/$1 ! man1 by pati5ce1 br+s him back to ! corral1 :]e1 reek+ hot & sc>cely alive1 ! poor bea/ is let free4 ,^? animals :i* w n gallop away1 b ob/9ately ?r[ !mselves on ! gr\nd1 are by f> ! mo/ tr\blesome4 ,?is process is trem5d\sly sev]e1 b 9 two or ?ree trials ! horse is tam$4 ,x is n1 h[ev]1 = "s weeks t ! animal is ridd5 ) ! iron bit & solid r+1 = x mu/ le>n to associate ! w ( its rid] ) ! feel ( ! re91 be=e ! mo/ p[]ful bridle c be ( any s]vice4 ,animals are s abundant 9 ^! c\ntries1 t humanity & self-int]e/ are n closely unit$2 !re=e ,i fe> x is t ! =m] is "h sc>cely kn[n4 ,"o day1 rid+ 9 ! ,pampas ) a v respectable e/anci]o1 my horse1 be+ tir$1 lagg$ beh9d4 ,! man (t5 %\t$ to me to spur him4 ,:5 ,i remon/rat$ t x 0 a pity1 = ! horse 0 q exhau/$1 he cri$ out1 ,:y n8--nev] m9d--spur him--x is my horse4 ,i _h !n "s difficulty 9 mak+ him compreh5d t x 0 = ! horse's sake1 & n on 8 acc\nt1 t ,i did n *oose to use my spurs4 ,he exclaim$1 ) a look ( great surprise1 ,ah1 ,don ,c>los1 que cosa6 ,x 0 cle> t su* an idea _h nev] be=e ent]$ 8 head4 ,! ,gau*os are well kn[n to be p]fect rid]s4 ,! idea ( be+ ?r[n1 let ! horse d :at x likes2 nev] ent]s _! head4 ,_! crit]ion ( a good rid] is1 a man :o c manage an untam$ colt1 or :o1 if 8 horse falls1 alights on 8 own feet1 or c p]=m o!r su* exploits4 ,i h he>d ( a man bett+ t he w\ld ?r[ 8 horse d[n tw5ty times1 & t n9ete5 times he w\ld n fall himself4 ,i recollect see+ a ,gau*o rid+ a v /ubborn horse1 :i* ?ree times successively re>$ s high z to fall backw>ds ) great viol5ce4 ,! man judg$ ) uncommon coolness ! prop] mom5t = slipp+ (f1 n an in/ant be=e or aft] ! "r "t2 & z soon z ! horse got up1 ! man jump$ on 8 back1 & at la/ !y />t$ at a gallop4 ,! ,gau*o nev] appe>s to ex]t any muscul> =ce4 ,i 0 "o day wat*+ a good rid]1 z we 7 gallop+ along at a rapid pace1 & ?\ght to myself1 ,surely if ! horse />ts1 y appe> s c>eless on y\r seat1 y mu/ fall4 ,at ?is mom5t1 a male o/ri* sprang f its ne/ "r b5ea? ! horse's nose3 ! "y colt b\nd$ on "o side l a /ag2 b z = ! man1 all t c\ld be said 01 t he />t$ & took fright ) 8 horse4 ,9 ,*ile & ,p]u m pa9s are tak5 ) ! m\? ( ! horse ?an 9 ,la ,plata1 & ?is is evid5tly a consequ5ce ( ! m intricate nature ( ! c\ntry4 ,9 ,*ile a horse is n consid]$ p]fectly brok51 till he c be br\ght up /&+1 9 ! mid/ ( 8 full spe$1 on any p>ticul> spot1--= in/ance1 on a cloak ?r[n on ! gr\nd3 or1 aga91 he w *>ge a wall1 & re>+1 scrape ! surface ) 8 ho(s4 ,i h se5 an animal b\nd+ ) _s1 yet m]ely re9$ by a =e-f+] & ?umb1 tak5 at full gallop across a c\rty>d1 & !n made to :eel r\nd ! po/ ( a v]&a ) great spe$1 b at s equal a di/ance1 t ! rid]1 ) out/ret*$ arm1 all ! :ile kept "o f+] rubb+ ! po/4 ,!n mak+ a demi-volte 9 ! air1 ) ! o!r arm out/ret*$ 9 a l mann]1 he :eel$ r\nd1 ) a/oni%+ =ce1 9 an opposite direction4 ,su* a horse is well brok52 & al?\gh ?is at fir/ may appe> useless1 x is f> o!rwise4 ,x is only c>ry+ t :i* is daily necess>y into p]fection4 ,:5 a bullock is *eck$ & caught by ! lazo1 x w sometimes gallop r\nd & r\nd 9 a circle1 & ! horse be+ al>m$ at ! great /ra91 if n well brok51 w n readily turn l ! pivot ( a :eel4 ,9 consequ5ce _m m5 h be5 kill$2 = if ! lazo once takes a twi/ r\nd a man's body1 x w in/antly1 f ! p[] ( ! two oppos$ animals1 almo/ cut him 9 twa94 ,on ! same pr9ciple ! races are manag$2 ! c\rse is only two or ?ree hundr$ y>ds long1 ! wi% be+ to h horses t c make a rapid da%4 ,! race-horses are tra9$ n only to /& ) _! ho(s t\*+ a l9e1 b to draw all f\r feet toge!r1 s z at ! fir/ spr+ to br+ into play ! full action ( ! h9d-qu>t]s4 ,9 ,*ile ,i 0 told an anecdote1 :i* ,i believe 0 true2 & x (f]s a good illu/ration ( ! use ( a well-brok5 animal4 ,a respectable man rid+ "o day met two o!rs1 "o ( :om 0 m\nt$ on a horse1 :i* he knew to h be5 /ol5 f himself4 ,he *all5g$ !m2 !y answ]$ him by draw+ _! sabres & giv+ *ase4 ,! man1 on 8 good & fleet bea/1 kept j ahead3 z he pass$ a ?ick bu% he :eel$ r\nd x1 & br\ght up 8 horse to a dead *eck4 ,! pursu]s 7 oblig$ to %oot on "o side & ahead4 ,!n in/antly da%+ on1 "r beh9d !m1 he buri$ 8 knife 9 ! back ( "o1 w\nd$ ! o!r1 recov]$ 8 horse f ! dy+ robb]1 & rode home4 ,= ^! feats ( horseman%ip two ?+s are necess>y3 a mo/ sev]e bit1 l ! ,mameluke1 ! p[] ( :i*1 ?\gh seldom us$1 ! horse kn[s full well2 & l>ge blunt spurs1 t c be appli$ ei!r z a m]e t\*1 or z an in/rum5t ( extreme pa94 ,i conceive t ) ,engli% spurs1 ! slighte/ t\* ( :i* pricks ! sk91 x w\ld be impossible to break 9 a horse aft] ! ,s\? ,am]ican fa%ion4 ,at an e/ancia ne> ,las ,vacas l>ge numb]s ( m>es are weekly slaught]$ = ! sake ( _! hides1 al?\gh wor? only five pap] doll>s1 or ab\t half a cr[n apiece4 ,x seems at fir/ /range t x c answ] to kill m>es = su* a trifle2 b z x is ?\ght ridicul\s 9 ?is c\ntry ev] to break 9 or ride a m>e1 !y are ( no value except = bre$+4 ,! only ?+ = :i* ,i ev] saw m>es us$1 0 to tread out :eat f ! e>1 = :i* purpose !y 7 driv5 r\nd a circul> enclosure1 :]e ! :eat-%eaves 7 /rew$4 ,! man employ$ = slaught]+ ! m>es happ5$ to be celebrat$ = 8 dext]ity ) ! lazo4 ,/&+ at ! di/ance ( twelve y>ds f ! m\? ( ! corral1 he has laid a wag] t he w\ld cat* by ! legs e animal1 )\t miss+ "o1 z x ru%$ pa/ him4 ,!re 0 ano!r man :o said he w\ld ent] ! corral on foot1 cat* a m>e1 fa/5 h] front legs toge!r1 drive h] out1 ?r[ h] d[n1 kill1 sk91 & /ake ! hide = dry+ 7:i* latt] is a t$i\s job72 & he engag$ t he w\ld p]=m ?is :ole op]ation on tw5ty-two animals 9 "o day4 ,or he w\ld kill & take ! sk9 (f fifty 9 ! same "t4 ,?is w\ld h be5 a prodigi\s task1 = x is consid]$ a good day's "w to sk9 & /ake ! hides ( fifte5 or sixte5 animals4 ,novemb] #bf?4--,i set out on my return 9 a direct l9e = ,monte ,video4 ,hav+ he>d ( "s giant's bones at a neighb\r+ f>m-h\se on ! ,s>&is1 a small /ream ent]+ ! ,rio ,negro1 ,i rode !re accompani$ by my ho/1 & pur*as$ = ! value ( eighte5 p5ce ! head ( ! ,toxodon4 #d ,:5 f\nd x 0 q p]fect2 b ! boys knock$ out "s ( ! tee? ) /ones1 & !n set up ! head z a m>k to ?r[ at4 ,by a mo/ =tunate *ance ,i f\nd a p]fect too?1 :i* exactly fitt$ "o ( ! sockets 9 ?is skull1 emb$d$ by itself on ! banks ( ! ,rio ,t]c]o1 at ! di/ance ( ab\t #ahj miles f ?is place4 ,i f\nd rema9s ( ?is extraord9>y animal at two o!r places1 s t x mu/ =m]ly h be5 common4 ,i f\nd "h1 also1 "s l>ge portions ( ! arm\r ( a gigantic armadillo-l animal1 & "p ( ! great head ( a ,mylodon4 ,! bones ( ?is head are s fre%1 t !y conta91 accord+ to ! analysis by ,mr4 ,t4 ,reeks1 sev5 p] c5t ( animal matt]2 & :5 plac$ 9 a _s-lamp1 !y burn ) a small flame4 ,! numb] ( ! rema9s emb$d$ 9 ! gr& e/u>y deposit :i* =ms ! ,pampas & cov]s ! granitic rocks ( ,b&a ,ori5tal1 mu/ be extraord9>ily great4 ,i believe a /raight l9e drawn 9 any direction ?r\gh ! ,pampas w\ld cut ?r\gh "s skeleton or bones4 ,besides ^? :i* ,i f\nd dur+ my %ort excursions1 ,i he>d ( _m o!rs1 & ! orig9 ( su* names z ! /ream ( ! animal1 ! hill ( ! giant1 is obvi\s4 ,at o!r times ,i he>d ( ! m>vell\s prop]ty ( c]ta9 riv]s1 :i* _h ! p[] ( *ang+ small bones into l>ge2 or1 z "s ma9ta9$1 ! bones !mselves grew4 ,z f> z ,i am aw>e1 n "o ( ^! animals p]i%$1 z 0 =m]ly suppos$1 9 ! m>%es or muddy riv]-b$s ( ! pres5t l&1 b _! bones h be5 expos$ by ! /reams int]sect+ ! subaque\s deposit 9 :i* !y 7 orig9ally emb$d$4 ,we may conclude t ! :ole area ( ! ,pampas is "o wide sepul*re ( ^! ext9ct gigantic quadrup$s4 ,by ! middle ( ! day1 on ! #bh?1 we arriv$ at ,monte ,video1 hav+ be5 two days & a half on ! road4 ,! c\ntry = ! :ole way 0 ( a v uni=m "*1 "s p>ts be+ r m rocky & hilly ?an ne> ! ,plata4 ,n f> f ,monte ,video we pass$ ?r\gh ! village ( ,las ,pietras1 s nam$ f "s l>ge r\nd$ masses ( sy5ite4 ,its appe>ance 0 r pretty4 ,9 ?is c\ntry a few fig-trees r\nd a gr\p ( h\ses1 & a site elevat$ a hundr$ feet above ! g5]al level1 ought always to be call$ picturesque4 ,dur+ ! la/ six mon?s ,i h _h an opportunity ( see+ a little ( ! "* ( ! inhabitants ( ^! prov9ces4 ,! ,gau*os1 or c\ntryrm51 are v sup]ior to ^? :o reside 9 ! t[ns4 ,! ,gau*o is inv>iably mo/ oblig+1 polite1 & hospitable3 ,i did n meet ) ev5 "o in/ance ( rud5ess or inhospitality4 ,he is mode/1 bo? respect+ himself & c\ntry1 b at ! same "t a spirit$1 bold fell[4 ,on ! o!r h&1 _m robb]ies are committ$1 & !re is mu* blood%$3 ! habit ( con/antly we>+ ! knife is ! *ief cause ( ! latt]4 ,x is lam5table to he> h[ _m lives are lo/ 9 trifl+ qu>rels4 ,9 fight+1 ea* p>ty tries to m>k ! face ( 8 adv]s>y by sla%+ 8 nose or eyes2 z is (t5 atte/$ by deep & horrid-look+ sc>s4 ,robb]ies are a natural consequ5ce ( univ]sal gambl+1 mu* dr9k+1 & extreme indol5ce4 ,at ,m]c$es ,i ask$ two m5 :y !y did n "w4 ,"o gravely said ! days 7 too long2 ! o!r t he 0 too poor4 ,! numb] ( horses & ! pr(usion ( food are ! de/ruction ( all indu/ry4 ,moreov]1 !re are s _m fea/-days2 & aga91 no?+ c succe$ )\t x be begun :5 ! moon is on ! increase2 s t half ! mon? is lo/ f ^! two causes4 ,police & ju/ice are q ineffici5t4 ,if a man :o is poor commits murd] & is tak51 he w be imprison$1 & p]haps ev5 %ot2 b if he is ri* & has fri5ds1 he may rely on x no v sev]e consequ5ce w ensue4 ,x is curi\s t ! mo/ respectable inhabitants ( ! c\ntry inv>iably assi/ a murd]] to escape3 !y seem to ?9k t ! individual s9s aga9/ ! gov]nm5t1 & n aga9/ ! p4 ,a travell] has no protection besides 8 fire-arms2 & ! con/ant habit ( c>ry+ !m is ! ma9 *eck to m frequ5t robb]ies4 ,! "* ( ! high] & m educat$ classes :o reside 9 ! t[ns1 p>takes1 b p]haps 9 a less] degree1 ( ! good p>ts ( ! ,gau*o1 b is1 ,i fe>1 /a9$ by _m vices ( :i* he is free4 ,s5suality1 mock]y ( all religion1 & ! grosse/ corruption1 are f> f uncommon4 ,ne>ly e public (fic] c be brib$4 ,! head man 9 ! po/-(fice sold =g$ gov]nm5t franks4 ,! gov]nor & prime m9i/] op5ly comb9$ to plund] ! /ate4 ,ju/ice1 :]e gold came into play1 0 h>dly expect$ by any "o4 ,i knew an ,engli%man1 :o w5t to ! ,*ief ,ju/ice 7he told me1 t n !n und]/&+ ! ways ( ! place1 he trembl$ z he ent]$ ! room71 & said1 ,sir1 ,i h come to (f] y two hundr$ 7pap]7 doll>s 7value ab\t five p\nds /]l+7 if y w arre/ be=e a c]ta9 "t a man :o has *eat$ me4 ,i "k x is aga9/ ! law1 b my lawy] 7nam+ him7 recomm5d$ me to take ?is /ep4 ,! ,*ief ,ju/ice smil$ acquiesc5ce1 ?ank$ him1 & ! man be=e night 0 safe 9 prison4 ,) ?is entire want ( pr9ciple 9 _m ( ! lead+ m51 ) ! c\ntry full ( ill-paid turbul5t (fic]s1 ! p yet hope t a democratic =m ( gov]nm5t c succe$6 ,on fir/ ent]+ society 9 ^! c\ntries1 two or ?ree features /rike "o z p>ticul>ly rem>kable4 ,! polite & dignifi$ mann]s p]vad+ e rank ( life1 ! excell5t ta/e display$ by ! wom5 9 _! dresses1 & ! equality among/ all ranks4 ,at ! ,rio ,colorado "s m5 :o kept ! humble/ %ops us$ to d9e ) ,g5]al ,rosas4 ,a son ( a major at ,bahia ,blanca ga9$ 8 livelihood by mak+ pap] cig>s1 & he wi%$ to accompany me1 z guide or s]vant1 to ,bu5os ,ayres1 b 8 fa!r object$ on ! score ( ! dang] alone4 ,_m (fic]s 9 ! army c nei!r read nor write1 yet all meet 9 society z equals4 ,9 ,entre ,rios1 ! ,sala consi/$ ( only six repres5tatives4 ,"o ( !m kept a common %op1 & evid5tly 0 n degrad$ by ! (fice4 ,all ?is is :at w\ld be expect$ 9 a new c\ntry2 nev]!less ! abs5ce ( g5tlem5 by pr(ession appe>s to an ,engli%man some?+ /range4 ,:5 speak+ ( ^! c\ntries1 ! mann] 9 :i* !y h be5 br\ght up by _! unnatural p>5t1 ,spa91 %\ld always be borne 9 m9d4 ,on ! :ole1 p]haps1 m cr$it is due = :at has be5 done1 ?an blame = t :i* may be defici5t4 ,x is impossible to d\bt b t ! extreme lib]alism ( ^! c\ntries mu/ ultimately lead to good results4 ,! v g5]al tol]ation ( =eign religions1 ! reg>d paid to ! means ( education1 ! fre$om ( ! press1 ! facilities (f]$ to all =eign]s1 & especially1 z ,i am b\nd to add1 to e "o pr(ess+ ! humble/ pret5sions to sci5ce1 %\ld be recollect$ ) gratitude by ^? :o h visit$ ,spani% ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,decemb] #f?4--,! ,beagle sail$ f ! ,rio ,plata1 nev] aga9 to ent] its muddy /ream4 ,our c\rse 0 direct$ to ,port ,desire1 on ! coa/ ( ,patagonia4 ,be=e proce$+ any fur!r1 ,i w "h put toge!r a few obs]vations made at sea4 ,sev]al times :5 ! %ip has be5 "s miles (f ! m\? ( ! ,plata1 & at o!r times :5 (f ! %ores ( ,nor!rn ,patagonia1 we h be5 surr\nd$ by insects4 ,"o ev5+1 :5 we 7 ab\t t5 miles f ! ,bay ( ,san ,blas1 va/ numb]s ( butt]flies1 9 b&s or flocks ( c\ntless myriads1 ext5d$ z f> z ! eye c\ld range4 ,ev5 by ! aid ( a telescope x 0 n possible to see a space free f butt]flies4 ,! seam5 cri$ out x 0 sn[+ butt]flies1 & su* 9 fact 0 ! appe>ance4 ,m species ?an "o 7 pres5t1 b ! ma9 "p belong$ to a k9d v simil> to1 b n id5tical )1 ! common ,engli% ,colias edusa4 ,"s mo?s & hym5opt]a accompani$ ! butt]flies2 & a f9e beetle 7,calosoma7 flew on bo>d4 ,o!r in/ances are kn[n ( ?is beetle hav+ be5 caught f> out at sea2 & ?is is ! m rem>kable1 z ! great] numb] ( ! ,c>abidae seldom or nev] take w+4 ,! day _h be5 f9e & calm1 & ! "o previ\s to x equally s1 ) light & v>iable airs4 ,h5ce we _c suppose t ! insects 7 bl[n (f ! l&1 b we mu/ conclude t !y volunt>ily took flight4 ,! great b&s ( ! ,colias seem at fir/ to af=d an in/ance l ^? on record ( ! migrations ( ano!r butt]fly1 ,vanessa c>dui2 #e b ! pres5ce ( o!r insects makes ! case di/9ct1 & ev5 less intelligible4 ,be=e sunset a /rong breeze sprung up f ! nor?1 & ?is mu/ h caus$ t5s ( ?\s&s ( ! butt]flies & o!r insects to h p]i%$4 ,on ano!r occasion1 :5 sev5te5 miles (f ,cape ,corri5tes1 ,i _h a net ov]bo>d to cat* pelagic animals4 ,^u draw+ x up1 to my surprise1 ,i f\nd a consid]able numb] ( beetles 9 x1 & al?\gh 9 ! op5 sea1 !y did n appe> mu* injur$ by ! salt wat]4 ,i lo/ "s ( ! specim5s1 b ^? :i* ,i pres]v$ belong$ to ! g5]a ,colymbetes1 ,hydroporus1 ,hydrobius 7two species71 ,notaphus1 ,cynucus1 ,adimonia1 & ,sc>abaeus4 ,at fir/ ,i ?\ght t ^! insects _h be5 bl[n f ! %ore2 b ^u reflect+ t out ( ! eight species f\r 7 aquatic1 & two o!rs p>tly s 9 _! habits1 x appe>$ to me mo/ probable t !y 7 float$ into ! sea by a small /ream :i* dra9s a lake ne> ,cape ,corri5tes4 ,on any supposition x is an int]e/+ circum/ance to f9d live insects swimm+ 9 ! op5 ocean sev5te5 miles f ! ne>e/ po9t ( l&4 ,!re are sev]al acc\nts ( insects hav+ be5 bl[n (f ! ,patagonian %ore4 ,capta9 ,cook obs]v$ x1 z did m lately ,capta9 ,k+ ( ! ,adv5ture4 ,! cause probably is due to ! want ( %elt]1 bo? ( trees & hills1 s t an insect on ! w+ ) an (f-%ore breeze1 w\ld be v apt to be bl[n out to sea4 ,! mo/ rem>kable in/ance ,i h kn[n ( an insect be+ caught f> f ! l&1 0 t ( a l>ge gras%opp] 7,acrydium71 :i* flew on bo>d1 :5 ! ,beagle 0 to w9dw>d ( ! ,cape de ,v]d ,isl&s1 & :5 ! ne>e/ po9t ( l&1 n directly oppos$ to ! trade-w9d1 0 ,cape ,blanco on ! coa/ ( ,africa1 #cgj miles di/ant4 #f ,on sev]al occasions1 :5 ! ,beagle has be5 )9 ! m\? ( ! ,plata1 ! rigg+ has be5 coat$ ) ! web ( ! ,gossam] ,spid]4 ,"o day 7,novemb] #a/1 #ahcb7 ,i paid p>ticul> att5tion to ?is subject4 ,! wea!r _h be5 f9e & cle>1 & 9 ! morn+ ! air 0 full ( pat*es ( ! floccul5t web1 z on an autumnal day 9 ,engl&4 ,! %ip 0 sixty miles di/ant f ! l&1 9 ! direction ( a /eady ?\gh light breeze4 ,va/ numb]s ( a small spid]1 ab\t "o-t5? ( an in* 9 l5g?1 & ( a dusky r$ col\r1 7 atta*$ to ! webs4 ,!re mu/ h be51 ,i %\ld suppose1 "s ?\s&s on ! %ip4 ,! little spid]1 :5 fir/ com+ 9 contact ) ! rigg+1 0 always seat$ on a s+le ?read1 & n on ! floccul5t mass4 ,?is latt] seems m]ely to be produc$ by ! entanglem5t ( ! s+le ?reads4 ,! spid]s 7 all ( "o species1 b ( bo? sexes1 toge!r ) "y ones4 ,^! latt] 7 di/+ui%$ by _! small] size & m dusky col\r4 ,i w n give ! description ( ?is spid]1 b m]ely /ate t x does n appe> to me to be includ$ 9 any ( ,latreille's g5]a4 ,! little a]onaut z soon z x arriv$ on bo>d 0 v active1 runn+ ab\t1 sometimes lett+ itself fall1 & !n reasc5d+ ! same ?read2 sometimes employ+ itself 9 mak+ a small & v irregul> me% 9 ! corn]s betwe5 ! ropes4 ,x c\ld run ) facility on ! surface ( ! wat]4 ,:5 di/urb$ x lift$ up its front legs1 9 ! attitude ( att5tion4 ,on its fir/ arrival x appe>$ v ?ir/y1 & ) exs]t$ maxillae drank eag]ly ( drops ( wat]1 ?is same circum/ance has be5 obs]v$ by ,/rack3 may x n be 9 consequ5ce ( ! little insect hav+ pass$ ?r\gh a dry & r>efi$ atmosph]e8 ,its /ock ( web seem$ inexhau/ible4 ,:ile wat*+ "s t 7 susp5d$ by a s+le ?read1 ,i sev]al times obs]v$ t ! slighte/ brea? ( air bore !m away out ( sight1 9 a horizontal l9e4 ,on ano!r occasion 7#be?7 "u simil> circum/ances1 ,i repeat$ly obs]v$ ! same k9d ( small spid]1 ei!r :5 plac$ or hav+ crawl$ on "s little em95ce1 elevate its abdom51 s5d =? a ?read1 & !n sail away horizontally1 b ) a rapidity :i* 0 q unacc\ntable4 ,i ?\ght ,i c\ld p]ceive t ! spid]1 be=e p]=m+ ! above prep>atory /eps1 connect$ its legs toge!r ) ! mo/ delicate ?reads1 b ,i am n sure :e!r ?is obs]vation 0 correct4 ,"o day1 at ,/4 ,fe1 ,i _h a bett] opportunity ( obs]v+ "s simil> facts4 ,a spid] :i* 0 ab\t ?ree-t5?s ( an in* 9 l5g?1 & :i* 9 its g5]al appe>ance resembl$ a ,citigrade 7!re=e q diff]5t f ! gossam]71 :ile /&+ on ! summit ( a po/1 d>t$ =? f\r or five ?reads f its sp9n]s4 ,^!1 glitt]+ 9 ! sun%9e1 might be comp>$ to div]g+ rays ( light2 !y 7 n1 h[ev]1 /raight1 b 9 undulations l films ( silk bl[n by ! w9d4 ,!y 7 m ?an a y>d 9 l5g?1 & div]g$ 9 an asc5d+ direction f ! orifices4 ,! spid] !n sudd5ly let g its hold ( ! po/1 & 0 quickly borne out ( sight4 ,! day 0 hot & app>5tly calm2 yet "u su* circum/ances1 ! atmosph]e c nev] be s tranquil z n to affect a vane s delicate z ! ?read ( a spid]'s web4 ,if dur+ a w>m day we look ei!r at ! %ad[ ( any object ca/ on a bank1 or ov] a level pla9 at a di/ant l&m>k1 ! effect ( an asc5d+ curr5t ( heat$ air is almo/ always evid5t3 su* upw>d curr5ts1 x has be5 rem>k$1 are also %[n by ! asc5t ( soap-bubbles1 :i* w n rise 9 an 9-doors room4 ,h5ce ,i ?9k !re is n mu* difficulty 9 und]/&+ ! asc5t ( ! f9e l9es project$ f a spid]'s sp9n]s1 & aft]w>ds ( ! spid] itself2 ! div]g5ce ( ! l9es has be5 attempt$ to be expla9$1 ,i believe by ,mr4 ,murray1 by _! simil> electrical condition4 ,! circum/ance ( spid]s ( ! same species1 b ( diff]5t sexes & ages1 be+ f\nd on sev]al occasions at ! di/ance ( _m leagues f ! l&1 atta*$ 9 va/ numb]s to ! l9es1 r5d]s x probable t ! habit ( sail+ ?r\gh ! air is z *>act]i/ic ( ?is tribe1 z t ( div+ is ( ! ,argyroneta4 ,we may !n reject ,latreille's supposition1 t ! gossam] owes its orig9 indiff]5tly to ! "y ( sev]al g5]a ( spid]s3 al?\gh1 z we h se51 ! "y ( o!r spid]s d possess ! p[] ( p]=m+ a]ial voyages4 #g ,dur+ our diff]5t passages s\? ( ! ,plata1 ,i (t5 t[$ a/]n a net made ( bunt+1 & ?us caught _m curi\s animals4 ,( ,cru/acea !re 7 _m /range & undescrib$ g5]a4 ,"o1 :i* 9 "s respects is alli$ to ! ,notopods 7or ^? crabs :i* h _! po/]ior legs plac$ almo/ on _! backs1 = ! purpose ( adh]+ to ! "u side ( rocks71 is v rem>kable f ! /ructure ( its h9d pair ( legs4 ,! p5ultimate jo9t1 in/ead ( t]m9at+ 9 a simple claw1 ends 9 ?ree bri/le-l app5dages ( dissimil> l5g?s--! longe/ equall+ t ( ! entire leg4 ,^! claws are v ?91 & are s]rat$ ) ! f9e/ tee?1 direct$ backw>ds3 _! curv$ extremities are flatt5$1 & on ?is "p five mo/ m9ute cups are plac$ :i* seem to act 9 ! same mann] z ! suck]s on ! arms ( ! cuttle-fi%4 ,z ! animal lives 9 ! op5 sea1 & probably wants a place ( re/1 ,i suppose ?is beautiful & mo/ anomal\s /ructure is adapt$ to take hold ( float+ m>9e animals4 ,9 deep wat]1 f> f ! l&1 ! numb] ( liv+ creatures is extremely small3 s\? ( ! latitude #ce degs41 ,i nev] succe$$ 9 cat*+ any?+ besides "s b]oe1 & a few species ( m9ute entomo/rac\s cru/acea4 ,9 %oal] wat]1 at ! di/ance ( a few miles f ! coa/1 v _m k9ds ( cru/acea & "s o!r animals are num]\s1 b only dur+ ! night4 ,betwe5 latitudes #ef & #eg degs4 s\? ( ,cape ,horn1 ! net 0 put a/]n sev]al times2 x nev]1 h[ev]1 br\ght up any?+ besides a few ( two extremely m9ute species ( ,entomo/raca4 ,yet :ales & seals1 petrels & albatross1 are exce$+ly abundant ?r\gh\t ?is "p ( ! ocean4 ,x has always be5 a my/]y to me on :at ! albatross1 :i* lives f> f ! %ore1 c subsi/2 ,i presume t1 l ! condor1 x is able to fa/ long2 & t "o good fea/ on ! c>cass ( a putrid :ale la/s = a long "t4 ,! c5tral & int]tropical p>ts ( ! ,atlantic sw>m ) ,pt]opoda1 ,cru/acea1 & ,radiata1 & ) _! dev\r]s ! fly+-fi%1 & aga9 ) _! dev\r]s ! bonitos & albicores2 ,i presume t ! num]\s l[] pelagic animals fe$ on ! ,infusoria1 :i* are n[ kn[n1 f ! rese>*es ( ,ehr5b]g1 to ab\nd 9 ! op5 ocean3 b on :at1 9 ! cle> blue wat]1 d ^! ,infusoria subsi/8 ,:ile sail+ a little s\? ( ! ,plata on "o v d>k night1 ! sea pres5t$ a wond]ful & mo/ beautiful spectacle4 ,!re 0 a fre% breeze1 & e "p ( ! surface1 :i* dur+ ! day is se5 z foam1 n[ gl[$ ) a pale light4 ,! vessel drove be=e h] b[s two bill[s ( liquid phosphorus1 & 9 h] wake %e 0 foll[$ by a milky tra94 ,z f> z ! eye rea*$1 ! cre/ ( e wave 0 bright1 & ! sky above ! horizon1 f ! reflect$ gl>e ( ^! livid flames1 0 n s utt]ly obscure z ov] ! vault ( ! heav5s4 ,z we proce$ fur!r s\?w>d ! sea is seldom phosphoresc5t2 & (f ,cape ,horn ,i d n recollect m ?an once hav+ se5 x s1 & !n x 0 f> f be+ brilliant4 ,?is circum/ance probably has a close connection ) ! sc>city ( organic be+s 9 t "p ( ! ocean4 ,aft] ! elaborate pap]1 #h by ,ehr5b]g1 on ! phosphoresc5ce ( ! sea1 x is almo/ sup]flu\s on my "p to make any obs]vations on ! subject4 ,i may h[ev] add1 t ! same torn & irregul> p>ticles ( gelat9\s matt]1 describ$ by ,ehr5b]g1 seem 9 ! s\!rn z well z 9 ! nor!rn hemisph]e1 to be ! common cause ( ?is ph5om5on4 ,! p>ticles 7 s m9ute z easily to pass ?r\gh f9e gauze2 yet _m 7 di/9ctly visible by ! nak$ eye4 ,! wat] :5 plac$ 9 a tumbl] & agitat$1 gave out sp>ks1 b a small portion 9 a wat*-glass sc>cely ev] 0 lum9\s4 ,ehr5b]g /ates t ^! p>ticles all reta9 a c]ta9 degree ( irritability4 ,my obs]vations1 "s ( :i* 7 made directly aft] tak+ up ! wat]1 gave a diff]5t result4 ,i may also m5tion1 t hav+ us$ ! net dur+ "o night1 ,i all[$ x to become p>tially dry1 & hav+ occasion twelve h\rs aft]w>ds to employ x aga91 ,i f\nd ! :ole surface sp>kl$ z brightly z :5 fir/ tak5 out ( ! wat]4 ,x does n appe> probable 9 ?is case1 t ! p>ticles c\ld h rema9$ s long alive4 ,on "o occasion hav+ kept a jelly-fi% ( ! g5us ,dianaea till x 0 dead1 ! wat] 9 :i* x 0 plac$ became lum9\s4 ,:5 ! waves sc9tillate ) bright gre5 sp>ks1 ,i believe x is g5]ally ow+ to m9ute cru/acea4 ,b !re c be no d\bt t v _m o!r pelagic animals1 :5 alive1 are phosphoresc5t4 ,on two occasions ,i h obs]v$ ! sea lum9\s at consid]able dep?s b5ea? ! surface4 ,ne> ! m\? ( ! ,plata "s circul> & oval pat*es1 f two to f\r y>ds 9 diamet]1 & ) def9$ outl9es1 %one ) a /eady b pale light2 :ile ! surr\nd+ wat] only gave out a few sp>ks4 ,! appe>ance resembl$ ! reflection ( ! moon1 or "s lum9\s body2 = ! edges 7 s9u\s f ! undulations ( ! surface4 ,! %ip1 :i* drew ?irte5 feet ( wat]1 pass$ ov]1 )\t di/urb+ ^! pat*es4 ,!re=e we mu/ suppose t "s animals 7 congregat$ toge!r at a great] dep? ?an ! bottom ( ! vessel4 ,ne> ,f]n&o ,noronha ! sea gave out light 9 fla%es4 ,! appe>ance 0 v simil> to t :i* might be expect$ f a l>ge fi% mov+ rapidly ?r\gh a lum9\s fluid4 ,to ?is cause ! sailors attribut$ x2 at ! "t1 h[ev]1 ,i ent]ta9$ "s d\bts1 on acc\nt ( ! frequ5cy & rapidity ( ! fla%es4 ,i h already rem>k$ t ! ph5om5on is v mu* m common 9 w>m ?an 9 cold c\ntries2 & ,i h sometimes imag9$ t a di/urb$ electrical condition ( ! atmosph]e 0 mo/ fav\rable to its production4 ,c]ta9ly ,i ?9k ! sea is mo/ lum9\s aft] a few days ( m calm wea!r ?an ord9>y1 dur+ :i* "t x has sw>m$ ) v>i\s animals4 ,obs]v+ t ! wat] *>g$ ) gelat9\s p>ticles is 9 an impure /ate1 & t ! lum9\s appe>ance 9 all common cases is produc$ by ! agitation ( ! fluid 9 contact ) ! atmosph]e1 ,i am incl9$ to consid] t ! phosphoresc5ce is ! result ( ! decomposition ( ! organic p>ticles1 by :i* process 7"o is tempt$ almo/ to call x a k9d ( respiration7 ! ocean becomes purifi$4 ,decemb] #bcrd4--,we arriv$ at ,port ,desire1 situat$ 9 lat4 #dg degs41 on ! coa/ ( ,patagonia4 ,! creek runs = ab\t tw5ty miles inl&1 ) an irregul> wid?4 ,! ,beagle an*or$ a few miles )9 ! entrance1 9 front ( ! ru9s ( an old ,spani% settlem5t4 ,! same ev5+ ,i w5t on %ore4 ,! fir/ l&+ 9 any new c\ntry is v int]e/+1 & especially :51 z 9 ?is case1 ! :ole aspect be>s ! /amp ( a m>k$ & individual "*4 ,at ! height ( betwe5 two & ?ree hundr$ feet above "s masses ( porphyry a wide pla9 ext5ds1 :i* is truly *>act]i/ic ( ,patagonia4 ,! surface is q level1 & is compos$ ( well-r\nd$ %+le mix$ ) a :iti% e>?4 ,"h & !re scatt]$ tufts ( br[n wiry grass are support$1 & /ill m r>ely1 "s l[ ?orny bu%es4 ,! wea!r is dry & pleasant1 & ! f9e blue sky is b seldom obscur$4 ,:5 /&+ 9 ! middle ( "o ( ^! des]t pla9s & look+ t[>ds ! int]ior1 ! view is g5]ally b\nd$ by ! esc>pm5t ( ano!r pla91 r high]1 b equally level & desolate2 & 9 e o!r direction ! horizon is indi/9ct f ! trembl+ mirage :i* seems to rise f ! heat$ surface4 ,9 su* a c\ntry ! fate ( ! ,spani% settlem5t 0 soon decid$2 ! dryness ( ! climate dur+ ! great] "p ( ! ye>1 & ! occasional ho/ile attacks ( ! w&]+ ,indians1 compell$ ! coloni/s to des]t _! half-f9i%$ build+s4 ,! /yle1 h[ev]1 9 :i* !y 7 comm5c$ %[s ! /rong & lib]al h& ( ,spa9 9 ! old "t4 ,! result ( all ! attempts to colonize ?is side ( ,am]ica s\? ( #da degs41 has be5 mis]able4 ,port ,fam9e expresses by its "n ! l+]+ & extreme suff]+s ( sev]al hundr$ wret*$ p1 ( :om "o alone surviv$ to relate _! mis=tunes4 ,at ,/4 ,joseph's ,bay1 on ! coa/ ( ,patagonia1 a small settlem5t 0 made2 b dur+ "o ,sunday ! ,indians made an attack & massacr$ ! :ole p>ty1 except+ two m51 :o rema9$ captives dur+ _m ye>s4 ,at ! ,rio ,negro ,i conv]s$ ) "o ( ^! m51 n[ 9 extreme old age4 ,! zoology ( ,patagonia is z limit$ z its flora4 #i ,on ! arid pla9s a few black beetles 7,het]om]a7 might be se5 sl[ly crawl+ ab\t1 & occasionally a liz>d d>t$ f side to side4 ,( birds we h ?ree c>rion hawks & 9 ! valleys a few f9*es & insect-fe$]s4 ,an ibis 7,!ri/icus melanops--a species said to be f\nd 9 c5tral ,africa7 is n uncommon on ! mo/ des]t p>ts3 9 _! /oma*s ,i f\nd gras%opp]s1 cicadae1 small liz>ds1 & ev5 scorpions4 #aj ,at "o "t ( ! ye> ^! birds g 9 flocks1 at ano!r 9 pairs1 _! cry is v l\d & s+ul>1 l ! neigh+ ( ! guanaco4 ,! guanaco1 or wild llama1 is ! *>act]i/ic quadrup$ ( ! pla9s ( ,patagonia2 x is ! ,s\? ,am]ican repres5tative ( ! camel ( ! ,ea/4 ,x is an elegant animal 9 a /ate ( nature1 ) a long sl5d] neck & f9e legs4 ,x is v common ov] ! :ole ( ! temp]ate p>ts ( ! cont95t1 z f> s\? z ! isl&s ne> ,cape ,horn4 ,x g5]ally lives 9 small h]ds ( f half a doz5 to ?irty 9 ea*2 b on ! banks ( ! ,/4 ,cruz we saw "o h]d :i* mu/ h conta9$ at lea/ five hundr$4 ,!y are g5]ally wild & extremely w>y4 ,mr4 ,/okes told me1 t he "o day saw ?r\gh a glass a h]d ( ^! animals :i* evid5tly _h be5 fright5$1 & 7 runn+ away at full spe$1 al?\gh _! di/ance 0 s great t he c\ld n di/+ui% !m ) 8 nak$ eye4 ,! sportsman frequ5tly receives ! fir/ notice ( _! pres5ce1 by he>+ f a long di/ance _! peculi> %rill neigh+ note ( al>m4 ,if he !n looks att5tively1 he w probably see ! h]d /&+ 9 a l9e on ! side ( "s di/ant hill4 ,on approa*+ ne>]1 a few m squeals are giv51 & (f !y set at an app>5tly sl[1 b really quick cant]1 along "s n>r[ beat5 track to a neighb\r+ hill4 ,if1 h[ev]1 by *ance he abruptly meets a s+le animal1 or sev]al toge!r1 !y w g5]ally /& motionless & int5tly gaze at him2 !n p]haps move on a few y>ds1 turn r\nd1 & look aga94 ,:at is ! cause ( ?is diff]5ce 9 _! %yness8 ,d !y mi/ake a man 9 ! di/ance = _! *ief enemy ! puma8 ,or does curiosity ov]come _! timidity8 ,t !y are curi\s is c]ta92 = if a p]son lies on ! gr\nd1 & plays /range antics1 su* z ?r[+ up 8 feet 9 ! air1 !y w almo/ always approa* by degrees to reconnoitre him4 ,x 0 an artifice t 0 repeat$ly practis$ by our sportsm5 ) success1 & x _h moreov] ! advantage ( all[+ sev]al %ots to be fir$1 :i* 7 all tak5 z p>ts ( ! p]=mance4 ,on ! m\nta9s ( ,ti]ra del ,fuego1 ,i h m ?an once se5 a guanaco1 on be+ approa*$1 n only neigh & squeal1 b prance & leap ab\t 9 ! mo/ ridicul\s mann]1 app>5tly 9 defiance z a *all5ge4 ,^! animals are v easily dome/icat$1 & ,i h se5 "s ?us kept 9 nor!rn ,patagonia ne> a h\se1 ?\gh n "u any re/ra9t4 ,!y are 9 ?is /ate v bold1 & readily attack a man by /rik+ him f beh9d ) bo? knees4 ,x is ass]t$ t ! motive = ^! attacks is jeal\sy on acc\nt ( _! females4 ,! wild guanacos1 h[ev]1 h no idea ( def5ce2 ev5 a s+le dog w secure "o ( ^! l>ge animals1 till ! huntsman c come up4 ,9 _m ( _! habits !y are l %eep 9 a flock4 ,?us :5 !y see m5 approa*+ 9 sev]al directions on horseback1 !y soon become bewild]$1 & "k n :i* way to run4 ,?is greatly facilitates ! ,indian me?od ( hunt+1 = !y are ?us easily driv5 to a c5tral po9t1 & are encompass$4 ,! guanacos readily take to ! wat]3 sev]al times at ,port ,valdes !y 7 se5 swimm+ f isl& to isl&4 ,byron1 9 8 voyage says he saw !m dr9k+ salt wat]4 ,"s ( our (fic]s likewise saw a h]d app>5tly dr9k+ ! br9y fluid f a sal9a ne> ,cape ,blanco4 ,i imag9e 9 sev]al p>ts ( ! c\ntry1 if !y d n dr9k salt wat]1 !y dr9k none at all4 ,9 ! middle ( ! day !y frequ5tly roll 9 ! du/1 9 sauc]-%ap$ holl[s4 ,! males fight toge!r2 two "o day pass$ q close to me1 squeal+ & try+ to bite ea* o!r2 & sev]al 7 %ot ) _! hides deeply scor$4 ,h]ds sometimes appe> to set out on explor+ p>ties3 at ,bahia ,blanca1 :]e1 )9 ?irty miles ( ! coa/1 ^! animals are extremely unfrequ5t1 ,i "o day saw ! tracks ( ?irty or =ty1 :i* _h come 9 a direct l9e to a muddy salt-wat] creek4 ,!y !n mu/ h p]ceiv$ t !y 7 approa*+ ! sea1 = !y _h :eel$ ) ! regul>ity ( cavalry1 & _h return$ back 9 z /raight a l9e z !y _h advanc$4 ,! guanacos h "o s+ul> habit1 :i* is to me q inexplicable2 namely1 t on successive days !y drop _! dung 9 ! same def9$ heap4 ,i saw "o ( ^! heaps :i* 0 eight feet 9 diamet]1 & 0 compos$ ( a l>ge quantity4 ,?is habit1 accord+ to ,m4 ,a4 d',orbigny1 is common to all ! species ( ! g5us2 x is v useful to ! ,p]uvian ,indians1 :o use ! dung = fuel1 & are ?us sav$ ! tr\ble ( collect+ x4 ,! guanacos appe> to h fav\rite spots = ly+ d[n to die4 ,on ! banks ( ! ,/4 ,cruz1 9 c]ta9 circumscrib$ spaces1 :i* 7 g5]ally bu%y & all ne> ! riv]1 ! gr\nd 0 actually :ite ) bones4 ,on "o su* spot ,i c\nt$ betwe5 t5 & tw5ty heads4 ,i p>ticul>ly exam9$ ! bones2 !y did n appe>1 z "s scatt]$ ones :i* ,i _h se51 gnaw$ or brok51 z if dragg$ toge!r by bea/s ( prey4 ,! animals 9 mo/ cases mu/ h crawl$1 be=e dy+1 b5ea? & among/ ! bu%es4 ,mr4 ,bynoe in=ms me t dur+ a =m] voyage he obs]v$ ! same circum/ance on ! banks ( ! ,rio ,gallegos4 ,i d n at all und]/& ! reason ( ?is1 b ,i may obs]ve1 t ! w\nd$ guanacos at ! ,/4 ,cruz inv>iably walk$ t[>ds ! riv]4 ,at ,/4 ,jago 9 ! ,cape de ,v]d ,isl&s1 ,i rememb] hav+ se5 9 a rav9e a retir$ corn] cov]$ ) bones ( ! goat2 we at ! "t exclaim$ t x 0 ! burial gr\nd ( all ! goats 9 ! isl&4 ,i m5tion ^! trifl+ circum/ances1 because 9 c]ta9 cases !y might expla9 ! occurr5ce ( a numb] ( un9jur$ bones 9 a cave1 or buri$ "u alluvial accumulations2 & likewise ! cause :y c]ta9 animals are m commonly emb$d$ ?an o!rs 9 s$im5t>y deposits4 ,"o day ! yawl 0 s5t "u ! comm& ( ,mr4 ,*aff]s ) ?ree days' provisions to survey ! upp] "p ( ! h>b\r4 ,9 ! morn+ we se>*$ = "s wat]+-places m5tion$ 9 an old ,spani% *>t4 ,we f\nd "o creek1 at ! head ( :i* !re 0 a trickl+ rill 7! fir/ we _h se57 ( bracki% wat]4 ,"h ! tide compell$ u to wait sev]al h\rs2 & 9 ! int]val ,i walk$ "s miles into ! int]ior4 ,! pla9 z usual consi/$ ( gravel1 m+l$ ) soil resembl+ *alk 9 appe>ance1 b v diff]5t f x 9 nature4 ,f ! s(tness ( ^! mat]ials x 0 worn into _m gulleys4 ,!re 0 n a tree1 &1 except+ ! guanaco1 :i* /ood on ! hill-top a wat*ful s5t9el ov] its h]d1 sc>cely an animal or a bird4 ,all 0 /illness & desolation4 ,yet 9 pass+ ov] ^! sc5es1 )\t "o bright object ne>1 an ill-def9$ b /rong s5se ( pleasure is vividly excit$4 ,"o ask$ h[ _m ages ! pla9 _h ?us la/$1 & h[ _m m x 0 doom$ ?us to cont9ue4 ,none c reply--all seems et]nal n[4 ,! wild]ness has a my/]i\s tongue1 ,:i* tea*es awful d\bt4 #aa ,9 ! ev5+ we sail$ a few miles fur!r up1 & !n pit*$ ! t5ts = ! night4 ,by ! middle ( ! next day ! yawl 0 agr\nd1 & f ! %oalness ( ! wat] c\ld n proce$ any high]4 ,! wat] be+ f\nd p>tly fre%1 ,mr4 ,*aff]s took ! d+ey & w5t up two or ?ree miles fur!r1 :]e %e also gr\nd$1 b 9 a fre%-wat] riv]4 ,! wat] 0 muddy1 & ?\gh ! /ream 0 mo/ insignificant 9 size1 x w\ld be difficult to acc\nt = its orig91 except f ! melt+ sn[ on ! ,cordill]a4 ,at ! spot :]e we biv\ack$1 we 7 surr\nd$ by bold cliffs & /eep p9nacles ( porphyry4 ,i d n ?9k ,i ev] saw a spot :i* appe>$ m seclud$ f ! re/ ( ! _w1 ?an ?is rocky crevice 9 ! wide pla94 ,! second day aft] our return to ! an*orage1 a p>ty ( (fic]s & myself w5t to ransack an old ,indian grave1 :i* ,i _h f\nd on ! summit ( a neighb\r+ hill4 ,two imm5se /ones1 ea* probably weigh+ at lea/ a c\ple ( tons1 _h be5 plac$ 9 front ( a l$ge ( rock ab\t six feet high4 ,at ! bottom ( ! grave on ! h>d rock !re 0 a lay] ( e>? ab\t a foot deep1 :i* mu/ h be5 br\ght up f ! pla9 bel[4 ,above x a pavem5t ( flat /ones 0 plac$1 on :i* o!rs 7 pil$1 s z to fill up ! space betwe5 ! l$ge & ! two great blocks4 ,to complete ! grave1 ! ,indians _h contriv$ to deta* f ! l$ge a huge fragm5t1 & to ?r[ x ov] ! pile s z to re/ on ! two blocks4 ,we und]m9$ ! grave on bo? sides1 b c\ld n f9d any relics1 or ev5 bones4 ,! latt] probably _h decay$ long s9ce 79 :i* case ! grave mu/ h be5 ( extreme antiquity71 = ,i f\nd 9 ano!r place "s small] heaps b5ea? :i* a v few crumbl+ fragm5ts c\ld yet be di/+ui%$ z hav+ belong$ to a man4 ,falcon] /ates1 t :]e an ,indian dies he is buri$1 b t subsequ5tly 8 bones are c>efully tak5 up & c>ri$1 let ! di/ance be ev] s great1 to be deposit$ ne> ! sea-coa/4 ,?is cu/om1 ,i ?9k1 may be acc\nt$ = by recollect+1 t be=e ! introduction ( horses1 ^! ,indians mu/ h l$ ne>ly ! same life z ! ,fuegians n[ d1 & !re=e g5]ally h resid$ 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ! sea4 ,! common prejudice ( ly+ :]e "o's ance/ors h la91 w\ld make ! n[ roam+ ,indians br+ ! less p]i%able "p ( _! dead to _! anci5t burial-gr\nd on ! coa/4 ,janu>y #i?1 #ahcd4--;,be=e x 0 d>k ! ,beagle an*or$ 9 ! f9e spaci\s h>b\r ( ,port ,/4 ,julian1 situat$ ab\t "o hundr$ & t5 miles to ! s\? ( ,port ,desire4 ,we rema9$ "h eight days4 ,! c\ntry is ne>ly simil> to t ( ,port ,desire1 b p]haps r m /]ile4 ,"o day a p>ty accompani$ ,capta9 ,fitz ,roy on a long walk r\nd ! head ( ! h>b\r4 ,we 7 elev5 h\rs )\t ta/+ any wat]1 & "s ( ! p>ty 7 q exhau/$4 ,f ! summit ( a hill 7s9ce well nam$ ,?ir/y ,hill7 a f9e lake 0 spi$1 & two ( ! p>ty proce$$ ) conc]t$ signals to %[ :e!r x 0 fre% wat]4 ,:at 0 our disappo9tm5t to f9d a sn[-:ite expanse ( salt1 cry/alliz$ 9 great cubes6 ,we attribut$ our extreme ?ir/ to ! dryness ( ! atmosph]e2 b :atev] ! cause might be1 we 7 exce$+ly glad late 9 ! ev5+ to get back to ! boats4 ,al?\gh we c\ld n[h]e f9d1 dur+ our :ole visit1 a s+le drop ( fre% wat]1 yet "s mu/ exi/2 = by an odd *ance ,i f\nd on ! surface ( ! salt wat]1 ne> ! head ( ! bay1 a ,colymbetes n q dead1 :i* mu/ h liv$ 9 "s n f> di/ant pool4 ,?ree o!r insects 7a ,c9c9dela1 l hybrida1 a ,cym9dis1 & a ,h>palus1 :i* all live on muddy flats occasionally ov]fl[$ by ! sea71 & "o o!r f\nd dead on ! pla91 complete ! li/ ( ! beetles4 ,a good-siz$ fly 7,tabanus7 0 extremely num]\s1 & torm5t$ u by its pa9ful bite4 ,! common horsefly1 :i* is s tr\blesome 9 ! %ady lanes ( ,engl&1 belongs to ?is same g5us4 ,we "h h ! puzzle t s frequ5tly occurs 9 ! case ( musquitoes--on ! blood ( :at animals d ^! insects commonly fe$8 ,! guanaco is ne>ly ! only w>m-blood$ quadrup$1 & x is f\nd 9 q inconsid]able numb]s comp>$ ) ! multitude ( flies4 ,! geology ( ,patagonia is int]e/+4 ,diff]5tly f ,europe1 :]e ! t]ti>y =mations appe> to h accumulat$ 9 bays1 "h along hundr$s ( miles ( coa/ we h "o great deposit1 includ+ _m t]ti>y %ells1 all app>5tly ext9ct4 ,! mo/ common %ell is a massive gigantic oy/]1 sometimes ev5 a foot 9 diamet]4 ,^! b$s are cov]$ by o!rs ( a peculi> s(t :ite /one1 includ+ mu* gypsum1 & resembl+ *alk1 b really ( a pumice\s nature4 ,x is highly rem>kable1 f be+ compos$1 to at lea/ "o-t5? ( its bulk1 ( ,infusoria4 ,pr(essor ,ehr5b]g has already asc]ta9$ 9 x ?irty oceanic =ms4 ,?is b$ ext5ds = #ejj miles along ! coa/1 & probably = a consid]ably great] di/ance4 ,at ,port ,/4 ,julian its ?ickness is m ?an #hjj feet6 ,^! :ite b$s are ev]y:]e capp$ by a mass ( gravel1 =m+ probably "o ( ! l>ge/ b$s ( %+le 9 ! _w3 x c]ta9ly ext5ds f ne> ! ,rio ,colorado to betwe5 #fjj & #gjj nautical miles s\?w>d1 at ,santa ,cruz 7a riv] a little s\? ( ,/4 ,julian71 x rea*es to ! foot ( ! ,cordill]a2 half way up ! riv]1 its ?ickness is m ?an #bjj feet2 x probably ev]y:]e ext5ds to ?is great *a91 :5ce ! well-r\nd$ pebbles ( porphyry h be5 d]iv$3 we may consid] its av]age bread? z #bjj miles1 & its av]age ?ickness z ab\t #ej feet4 ,if ?is great b$ ( pebbles1 )\t includ+ ! mud necess>ily d]iv$ f _! attrition1 0 pil$ into a m\nd1 x w\ld =m a great m\nta9 *a96 ,:5 we consid] t all ^! pebbles1 c\ntless z ! gra9s ( s& 9 ! des]t1 h be5 d]iv$ f ! sl[ fall+ ( masses ( rock on ! old coa/-l9es & banks ( riv]s1 & t ^! fragm5ts h be5 da%$ into small] pieces1 & t ea* ( !m has s9ce be5 sl[ly roll$1 r\nd$1 & f> transport$ ! m9d is /upefi$ 9 ?9k+ ov] ! long1 absolutely necess>y1 lapse ( ye>s4 ,yet all ?is gravel has be5 transport$1 & probably r\nd$1 subsequ5tly to ! deposition ( ! :ite b$s1 & long subsequ5tly to ! und]ly+ b$s ) ! t]ti>y %ells4 ,ev]y?+ 9 ?is s\!rn cont95t has be5 effect$ on a gr& scale3 ! l&1 f ! ,rio ,plata to ,ti]ra del ,fuego1 a di/ance ( #abjj miles1 has be5 rais$ 9 mass 7& 9 ,patagonia to a height ( betwe5 #cjj & #djj feet71 )9 ! p]iod ( ! n[ exi/+ sea-%ells4 ,! old & wea!r$ %ells left on ! surface ( ! uprais$ pla9 /ill p>tially reta9 _! col\rs4 ,! upris+ movem5t has be5 int]rupt$ by at lea/ eight long p]iods ( re/1 dur+ :i* ! sea ate1 deeply back into ! l&1 =m+ at successive levels ! long l9es ( cliffs1 or esc>pm5ts1 :i* sep>ate ! diff]5t pla9s z !y rise l /eps "o beh9d ! o!r4 ,! elevatory movem5t1 & ! eat+-back p[] ( ! sea dur+ ! p]iods ( re/1 h be5 equable ov] long l9es ( coa/2 = ,i 0 a/oni%$ to f9d t ! /ep-l pla9s /& at ne>ly correspond+ heights at f> di/ant po9ts4 ,! l[e/ pla9 is #ij feet high2 & ! highe/1 :i* ,i asc5d$ ne> ! coa/1 is #iej feet2 & ( ?is1 only relics are left 9 ! =m ( flat gravel-capp$ hills4 ,! upp] pla9 ( ,santa ,cruz slopes up to a height ( #cjjj feet at ! foot ( ! ,cordill]a4 ,i h said t )9 ! p]iod ( exi/+ sea-%ells1 ,patagonia has be5 uprais$ #cjj to #djj feet3 ,i may add1 t )9 ! p]iod :5 iceb]gs transport$ b\ld]s ov] ! upp] pla9 ( ,santa ,cruz1 ! elevation has be5 at lea/ #aejj feet4 ,nor has ,patagonia be5 affect$ only by upw>d movem5ts3 ! ext9ct t]ti>y %ells f ,port ,/4 ,julian & ,santa ,cruz _c h liv$1 accord+ to ,pr(essor ,e4 ,=bes1 9 a great] dep? ( wat] ?an f #dj to #bej feet2 b !y are n[ cov]$ ) sea-deposit$ /rata f #hjj to #ajjj feet 9 ?ickness3 h5ce ! b$ ( ! sea1 on :i* ^! %ells once liv$1 mu/ h sunk d[nw>ds sev]al hundr$ feet1 to all[ ( ! accumulation ( ! sup]9cumb5t /rata4 ,:at a hi/ory ( geological *anges does ! simply-con/ruct$ coa/ ( ,patagonia reveal6 ,at ,port ,/4 ,julian1 #ab 9 "s r$ mud capp+ ! gravel on ! #ij-;feet pla91 ,i f\nd half ! skeleton ( ! ,macrau*5ia ,pata*onica1 a rem>kable quadrup$1 full z l>ge z a camel4 ,x belongs to ! same division ( ! ,pa*yd]mata ) ! rh9oc]os1 tapir1 & palaeo!rium2 b 9 ! /ructure ( ! bones ( its long neck x %[s a cle> relation to ! camel1 or r to ! guanaco & llama4 ,f rec5t sea-%ells be+ f\nd on two ( ! high] /ep-=m$ pla9s1 :i* mu/ h be5 modell$ & uprais$ be=e ! mud 0 deposit$ 9 :i* ! ,macrau*5ia 0 entomb$1 x is c]ta9 t ?is curi\s quadrup$ liv$ long aft] ! sea 0 inhabit$ by its pres5t %ells4 ,i 0 at fir/ mu* surpris$ h[ a l>ge quadrup$ c\ld s lately h subsi/$1 9 lat4 #di degs4 #ae'1 on ^! wret*$ gravel pla9s1 ) _! /unt$ vegetation2 b ! relation%ip ( ! ,macrau*5ia to ! ,guanaco1 n[ an inhabitant ( ! mo/ /]ile p>ts1 p>tly expla9s ?is difficulty4 ,! relation%ip1 ?\gh di/ant1 betwe5 ! ,macrau*5ia & ! ,guanaco1 betwe5 ! ,toxodon & ! ,capyb>a1--! clos] relation%ip betwe5 ! _m ext9ct ,ed5tata & ! liv+ slo?s1 ant-eat]s1 & armadillos1 n[ s em95tly *>act]i/ic ( ,s\? ,am]ican zoology1--& ! /ill clos] relation%ip betwe5 ! fossil & liv+ species ( ,ct5omys & ,hydro*a]us1 are mo/ int]e/+ facts4 ,?is relation%ip is %[n wond]fully--z wond]fully z betwe5 ! fossil & ext9ct ,m>supial animals ( ,au/ralia--by ! great collection lately br\ght to ,europe f ! caves ( ,brazil by ,,mm4 ,lund & ,claus54 ,9 ?is collection !re are ext9ct species ( all ! ?irty-two g5]a1 except+ f\r1 ( ! t]re/rial quadrup$s n[ inhabit+ ! prov9ces 9 :i* ! caves occur2 & ! ext9ct species are mu* m num]\s ?an ^? n[ liv+3 !re are fossil ant-eat]s1 armadillos1 tapirs1 pecc>ies1 guanacos1 opossums1 & num]\s ,s\? ,am]ican gnaw]s & monkeys1 & o!r animals4 ,?is wond]ful relation%ip 9 ! same cont95t betwe5 ! dead & ! liv+1 w1 ,i d n d\bt1 h]eaft] ?r[ m light on ! appe>ance ( organic be+s on our e>?1 & _! disappe>ance f x1 ?an any o!r class ( facts4 ,x is impossible to reflect on ! *ang$ /ate ( ! ,am]ican cont95t )\t ! deepe/ a/oni%m5t4 ,=m]ly x mu/ h sw>m$ ) great mon/]s3 n[ we f9d m]e pigmies1 comp>$ ) ! antec$5t1 alli$ races4 ,if ,buffon _h kn[n ( ! gigantic slo? & armadillo-l animals1 & ( ! lo/ ,pa*yd]mata1 he might h said ) a great] semblance ( tru? t ! creative =ce 9 ,am]ica _h lo/ its p[]1 r ?an t x _h nev] possess$ great vig\r4 ,! great] numb]1 if n all1 ( ^! ext9ct quadrup$s liv$ at a late p]iod1 & 7 ! contempor>ies ( mo/ ( ! exi/+ sea-%ells4 ,s9ce !y liv$1 no v great *ange 9 ! =m ( ! l& c h tak5 place4 ,:at1 !n1 has ext]m9at$ s _m species & :ole g5]a8 ,! m9d at fir/ is irresi/ibly hurri$ into ! belief ( "s great cata/rophe2 b ?us to de/roy animals1 bo? l>ge & small1 9 ,s\!rn ,patagonia1 9 ,brazil1 on ! ,cordill]a ( ,p]u1 9 ,nor? ,am]ica up to ,behr+'s ,/raits1 we mu/ %ake ! entire framework ( ! globe4 ,an exam9ation1 moreov]1 ( ! geology ( ,la ,plata & ,patagonia1 leads to ! belief t all ! features ( ! l& result f sl[ & gradual *anges4 ,x appe>s f ! "* ( ! fossils 9 ,europe1 ,asia1 ,au/ralia1 & 9 ,nor? & ,s\? ,am]ica1 t ^? conditions :i* fav\r ! life ( ! l>g] quadrup$s 7 lately co-ext5sive ) ! _w3 :at ^? conditions 71 no "o has yet ev5 conjectur$4 ,x c\ld h>dly h be5 a *ange ( temp]ature1 :i* at ab\t ! same "t de/roy$ ! inhabitants ( tropical1 temp]ate1 & arctic latitudes on bo? sides ( ! globe4 ,9 ,nor? ,am]ica we positively "k f ,mr4 ,lyell1 t ! l>ge quadrup$s liv$ subsequ5tly to t p]iod1 :5 b\ld]s 7 br\ght into latitudes at :i* iceb]gs n[ nev] arrive3 f conclusive b indirect reasons we may feel sure1 t 9 ! s\!rn hemisph]e ! ,macrau*5ia1 also1 liv$ long subsequ5tly to ! ice-transport+ b\ld]-p]iod4 ,did man1 aft] 8 fir/ inroad into ,s\? ,am]ica1 de/roy1 z has be5 sugge/$1 ! unwieldy ,mega!rium & ! o!r ,ed5tata8 ,we mu/ at lea/ look to "s o!r cause = ! de/ruction ( ! little tucutuco at ,bahia ,blanca1 & ( ! _m fossil mice & o!r small quadrup$s 9 ,brazil4 ,no "o w imag9e t a dr\ght1 ev5 f> sev]] ?an ^? :i* cause su* losses 9 ! prov9ces ( ,la ,plata1 c\ld de/roy e individual ( e species f ,s\!rn ,patagonia to ,behr+'s ,/raits4 ,:at %all we say ( ! ext9ction ( ! horse8 ,did ^? pla9s fail ( pa/ure1 :i* h s9ce be5 ov]run by ?\s&s & hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( ! desc5dants ( ! /ock introduc$ by ! ,spani>ds8 ,h ! subsequ5tly introduc$ species consum$ ! food ( ! great antec$5t races8 ,c we believe t ! ,capyb>a has tak5 ! food ( ! ,toxodon1 ! ,guanaco ( ! ,macrau*5ia1 ! exi/+ small ,ed5tata ( _! num]\s gigantic prototypes8 ,c]ta9ly1 no fact 9 ! long hi/ory ( ! _w is s />tl+ z ! wide & repeat$ ext]m9ations ( its inhabitants4 ,nev]!less1 if we consid] ! subject "u ano!r po9t ( view1 x w appe> less p]plex+4 ,we d n /eadily be> 9 m9d1 h[ pr(\ndly ignorant we are ( ! conditions ( exi/5ce ( e animal2 nor d we always rememb]1 t "s *eck is con/antly prev5t+ ! too rapid increase ( e organiz$ be+ left 9 a /ate ( nature4 ,! supply ( food1 on an av]age1 rema9s con/ant1 yet ! t5d5cy 9 e animal to increase by propagation is geometrical2 & its surpris+ effects h n[h]e be5 m a/oni%+ly %[n1 ?an 9 ! case ( ! ,european animals run wild dur+ ! la/ few c5turies 9 ,am]ica4 ,e animal 9 a /ate ( nature regul>ly bre$s2 yet 9 a species long e/abli%$1 any great increase 9 numb]s is obvi\sly impossible1 & mu/ be *eck$ by "s means4 ,we are1 nev]!less1 seldom able ) c]ta9ty to tell 9 any giv5 species1 at :at p]iod ( life1 or at :at p]iod ( ! ye>1 or :e!r only at long int]vals1 ! *eck falls2 or1 aga91 :at is ! precise nature ( ! *eck4 ,h5ce probably x is1 t we feel s little surprise at "o1 ( two species closely alli$ 9 habits1 be+ r>e & ! o!r abundant 9 ! same di/rict2 or1 aga91 t "o %\ld be abundant 9 "o di/rict1 & ano!r1 fill+ ! same place 9 ! economy ( nature1 %\ld be abundant 9 a neighb\r+ di/rict1 diff]+ v little 9 its conditions4 ,if ask$ h[ ?is is1 "o imm$iately replies t x is det]m9$ by "s slight diff]5ce1 9 climate1 food1 or ! numb] ( enemies3 yet h[ r>ely1 if ev]1 we c po9t out ! precise cause & mann] ( action ( ! *eck6 ,we are !re=e1 driv5 to ! conclusion1 t causes g5]ally q inappreciable by u1 det]m9e :e!r a giv5 species %all be abundant or scanty 9 numb]s4 ,9 ! cases :]e we c trace ! ext9ction ( a species ?r\gh man1 ei!r :olly or 9 "o limit$ di/rict1 we "k t x becomes r>] & r>]1 & is !n lo/3 x w\ld be difficult to po9t out any j di/9ction #ac betwe5 a species de/roy$ by man or by ! increase ( its natural enemies4 ,! evid5ce ( r>ity prec$+ ext9ction1 is m /rik+ 9 ! successive t]ti>y /rata1 z rem>k$ by sev]al able obs]v]s2 x has (t5 be5 f\nd t a %ell v common 9 a t]ti>y /ratum is n[ mo/ r>e1 & has ev5 long be5 ?\ght ext9ct4 ,if !n1 z appe>s probable1 species fir/ become r>e & !n ext9ct--if ! too rapid increase ( e species1 ev5 ! mo/ fav\r$1 is /eadily *eck$1 z we mu/ admit1 ?\gh h[ & :5 x is h>d to say--& if we see1 )\t ! smalle/ surprise1 ?\gh unable to assign ! precise reason1 "o species abundant & ano!r closely alli$ species r>e 9 ! same di/rict--:y %\ld we feel su* great a/oni%m5t at ! r>ity be+ c>ri$ "o /ep fur!r to ext9ction8 ,an action go+ on1 on e side ( u1 & yet b>ely appreciable1 might surely be c>ri$ a little fur!r1 )\t excit+ our obs]vation4 ,:o w\ld feel any great surprise at he>+ t ! ,magalonyx 0 =m]ly r>e comp>$ ) ! ,mega!rium1 or t "o ( ! fossil monkeys 0 few 9 numb] comp>$ ) "o ( ! n[ liv+ monkeys8 & yet 9 ?is comp>ative r>ity1 we %\ld h ! pla9e/ evid5ce ( less fav\rable conditions = _! exi/5ce4 ,to admit t species g5]ally become r>e be=e !y become ext9ct--to feel no surprise at ! comp>ative r>ity ( "o species ) ano!r1 & yet to call 9 "s extraord9>y ag5t & to m>vel greatly :5 a species ceases to exi/1 appe>s to me mu* ! same z to admit t sickness 9 ! individual is ! prelude to dea?--to feel no surprise at sickness--b :5 ! sick man dies to wond]1 & to believe t he di$ ?r\gh viol5ce4 #a ,mr4 ,wat]h\se has drawn up a detail$ description ( ?is head1 :i* ,i hope he w publi% 9 "s ,j\rnal4 #b ,a ne>ly simil> abnormal1 b ,i d n "k :e!r h]$it>y1 /ructure has be5 obs]v$ 9 ! c>p1 & likewise 9 ! crocodile ( ! ,ganges3 ,hi/oire des ,anomalies1 p> ,m4 ,isid4 ,ge(froy ,/4 ,hilaire1 tom4 i4 p4 #bdd4 #c ,m4 ,a4 d',orbigny has giv5 ne>ly a simil> acc\nt ( ^! dogs1 tom4 i4 p4 #age4 #d ,i mu/ express my obligations to ,mr4 ,keane1 at ^: h\se ,i 0 /ay+ on ! ,b]quelo1 & to ,mr4 ,lumb at ,bu5os ,ayres1 = )\t _! assi/ance ^! valuable rema9s w\ld nev] h rea*$ ,engl&4 #e ,lyell's ,pr9ciples ( ,geology1 vol4 iii4 p4 #fc4 #f ,! flies :i* frequ5tly accompany a %ip = "s days on its passage f h>b\r to h>b\r1 w&]+ f ! vessel1 are soon lo/1 & all disappe>4 #g ,mr4 ,blackwall1 9 8 ,rese>*es 9 ,zoology1 has _m excell5t obs]vations on ! habits ( spid]s4 #h ,an ab/ract is giv5 9 ,no4 ,,iv4 ( ! ,magaz9e ( ,zoology & ,botany4 #i ,i f\nd "h a species ( cactus1 describ$ by ,pr(essor ,h5sl[1 "u ! "n ( ,opuntia ,d>w9ii 7,magaz9e ( ,zoology & ,botany1 vol4 i4 p4 #dff71 :i* 0 rem>kable = ! irritability ( ! /am5s1 :5 ,i ins]t$ ei!r a piece ( /ick or ! end ( my f+] 9 ! fl[]4 ,! segm5ts ( ! p]ian? also clos$ on ! pi/il1 b m sl[ly ?an ! /am5s4 ,plants ( ?is family1 g5]ally consid]$ z tropical1 occur 9 ,nor? ,am]ica 7,lewis & ,cl>ke's ,travels1 p4 #bba71 9 ! same high latitude z "h1 namely1 9 bo? cases1 9 #dg degs4 #aj ,^! insects 7 n uncommon b5ea? /ones4 ,i f\nd "o cannibal scorpion quietly dev\r+ ano!r4 #aa ,%elley1 ,l9es on ,mt4 ,blanc4 #ab ,i h lately he>d t ,capt4 ,sulivan1 ,r4,n41 has f\nd num]\s fossil bones1 emb$d$ 9 regul> /rata1 on ! banks ( ! ,r4 ,gallegos1 9 lat4 #ea degs4 #d'4 ,"s ( ! bones are l>ge2 o!rs are small1 & appe> to h belong$ to an armadillo4 ,?is is a mo/ int]e/+ & important discov]y4 #ac ,see ! excell5t rem>ks on ?is subject by ,mr4 ,lyell1 9 8 ,pr9ciples ( ,geology4 ,,*apt] ,,ix ,,santa ,,cruz1 ,,patagonia1 ,,& ,,! ,,falkl& ,,isl&s ,santa ,cruz--,exp$ition up ! ,riv]--,indians--,imm5se ,/reams ( ,basaltic ,lava--,fragm5ts n transport$ by ! ,riv]--,excavations ( ! ,valley--,condor1 ,habits (--,cordill]a--,erratic ,b\ld]s ( great size--,indian ,relics--,return to ! ,%ip--,falkl& ,isl&s--,wild ,horses1 ,cattle1 ,rabbits--,wolf-l ,fox--,fire made ( ,bones--,mann] ( ,hunt+ ,wild ,cattle--,geology--,/reams ( ,/ones--,sc5es ( ,viol5ce--,p5gu9s--,geese--,eggs ( ,doris--,comp\nd ,animals4 ,,april #ac1 #ahcd4--,! ,beagle an*or$ )9 ! m\? ( ! ,santa ,cruz4 ,?is riv] is situat$ ab\t sixty miles s\? ( ,port ,/4 ,julian4 ,dur+ ! la/ voyage ,capta9 ,/okes proce$$ ?irty miles up x1 b !n1 f ! want ( provisions1 0 oblig$ to return4 ,except+ :at 0 discov]$ at t "t1 sc>cely any?+ 0 kn[n ab\t ?is l>ge riv]4 ,capta9 ,fitz ,roy n[ det]m9$ to foll[ its c\rse z f> z "t w\ld all[4 ,on ! #ah? ?ree :ale-boats />t$1 c>ry+ ?ree weeks' provisions2 & ! p>ty consi/$ ( tw5ty-five s\ls--a =ce :i* w\ld h be5 suffici5t to h defi$ a ho/ ( ,indians4 ,) a /rong flood-tide & a f9e day we made a good run1 soon drank "s ( ! fre% wat]1 & 7 at night ne>ly above ! tidal influ5ce4 ,! riv] "h assum$ a size & appe>ance :i*1 ev5 at ! highe/ po9t we ultimately rea*$1 0 sc>cely dim9i%$4 ,x 0 g5]ally f ?ree to f\r hundr$ y>ds broad1 & 9 ! middle ab\t sev5te5 feet deep4 ,! rapidity ( ! curr5t1 :i* 9 its :ole c\rse runs at ! rate ( f f\r to six knots an h\r1 is p]haps its mo/ rem>kable feature4 ,! wat] is ( a f9e blue col\r1 b ) a slight milky t+e1 & n s transp>5t z at fir/ sight w\ld h be5 expect$4 ,x fl[s ov] a b$ ( pebbles1 l ^? :i* compose ! bea* & ! surr\nd+ pla9s4 ,x runs 9 a w9d+ c\rse ?r\gh a valley1 :i* ext5ds 9 a direct l9e we/w>d4 ,?is valley v>ies f five to t5 miles 9 bread?2 x is b\nd$ by /ep-=m$ t]races1 :i* rise 9 mo/ p>ts1 "o above ! o!r1 to ! height ( five hundr$ feet1 & h on ! opposite sides a rem>kable correspond5ce4 ,april #ai?4--,aga9/ s /rong a curr5t x 01 ( c\rse1 q impossible to r[ or sail3 consequ5tly ! ?ree boats 7 fa/5$ toge!r head & /]n1 two h&s left 9 ea*1 & ! re/ came on %ore to track4 ,z ! g5]al arrangem5ts made by ,capta9 ,fitz ,roy 7 v good = facilitat+ ! "w ( all1 & z all _h a %>e 9 x1 ,i w describe ! sy/em4 ,! p>ty includ+ e "o1 0 divid$ into two spells1 ea* ( :i* haul$ at ! track+ l9e alt]nately = an h\r & a half4 ,! (fic]s ( ea* boat liv$ )1 ate ! same food1 & slept 9 ! same t5t ) _! crew1 s t ea* boat 0 q indep5d5t ( ! o!rs4 ,aft] sunset ! fir/ level spot :]e any bu%es 7 gr[+1 0 *os5 = our night's lodg+4 ,ea* ( ! crew took x 9 turns to be cook4 ,imm$iately ! boat 0 haul$ up1 ! cook made 8 fire2 two o!rs pit*$ ! t5t2 ! coxswa9 h&$ ! ?+s out ( ! boat2 ! re/ c>ri$ !m up to ! t5ts & collect$ firewood4 ,by ?is ord]1 9 half an h\r ev]y?+ 0 ready = ! night4 ,a wat* ( two m5 & an (fic] 0 always kept1 ^: duty x 0 to look aft] ! boats1 keep up ! fire1 & gu>d aga9/ ,indians4 ,ea* 9 ! p>ty _h 8 "o h\r e night4 ,dur+ ?is day we track$ b a %ort di/ance1 = !re 7 _m islets1 cov]$ by ?orny bu%es1 & ! *annels betwe5 !m 7 %all[4 ,april #bj?4--,we pass$ ! isl&s & set to "w4 ,our regul> day's m>*1 al?\gh x 0 h>d en\gh1 c>ri$ u on an av]age only t5 miles 9 a /raight l9e1 & p]haps fifte5 or tw5ty altoge!r4 ,beyond ! place :]e we slept la/ night1 ! c\ntry is completely t]ra incognita1 = x 0 !re t ,capta9 ,/okes turn$ back4 ,we saw 9 ! di/ance a great smoke1 & f\nd ! skeleton ( a horse1 s we knew t ,indians 7 9 ! neighb\rhood4 ,on ! next morn+ 7#ba/7 tracks ( a p>ty ( horse & m>ks left by ! trail+ ( ! *uzos1 or long spe>s1 7 obs]v$ on ! gr\nd4 ,x 0 g5]ally ?\ght t ! ,indians _h reconnoitr$ u dur+ ! night4 ,%ortly aft]w>ds we came to a spot :]e1 f ! fre% foot/eps ( m51 *ildr51 & horses1 x 0 evid5t t ! p>ty _h cross$ ! riv]4 ,april #bbnd4--,! c\ntry rema9$ ! same1 & 0 extremely un9t]e/+4 ,! complete simil>ity ( ! productions ?r\gh\t ,patagonia is "o ( its mo/ /rik+ *>act]s4 ,! level pla9s ( arid %+le support ! same /unt$ & dw>f plants2 & 9 ! valleys ! same ?orn-be>+ bu%es gr[4 ,ev]y:]e we see ! same birds & insects4 ,ev5 ! v banks ( ! riv] & ( ! cle> /reamlets :i* ent]$ x1 7 sc>cely enliv5$ by a bright] t9t ( gre54 ,! curse ( /]ility is on ! l&1 & ! wat] fl[+ ov] a b$ ( pebbles p>takes ( ! same curse4 ,h5ce ! numb] ( wat]-f[ls is v scanty2 = !re is no?+ to support life 9 ! /ream ( ?is b>r5 riv]4 ,patagonia1 poor z %e is 9 "s respects1 c h[ev] boa/ ( a great] /ock ( small rod5ts #a ?an p]haps any o!r c\ntry 9 ! _w4 ,sev]al species ( mice are ext]nally *>act]iz$ by l>ge ?9 e>s & a v f9e fur4 ,^! little animals sw>m among/ ! ?ickets 9 ! valleys1 :]e !y _c = mon?s toge!r ta/e a drop ( wat] except+ ! dew4 ,!y all seem to be cannibals = no soon] 0 a m\se caught 9 "o ( my traps t x 0 dev\r$ by o!rs4 ,a small & delicately %ap$ fox1 :i* is likewise v abundant1 probably d]ives its entire support f ^! small animals4 ,! guanaco is also 9 8 prop] di/rict1 h]ds ( fifty or a hundr$ 7 common2 &1 z ,i h /at$1 we saw "o :i* mu/ h conta9$ at lea/ five hundr$4 ,! puma1 ) ! condor & o!r c>rion-hawks 9 its tra91 foll[s & preys ^u ^! animals4 ,! foot/eps ( ! puma 7 to be se5 almo/ ev]y:]e on ! banks ( ! riv]2 & ! rema9s ( sev]al guanacos1 ) _! necks dislocat$ & bones brok51 %[$ h[ !y _h met _! dea?4 ,april #bd?4--,l ! navigators ( old :5 approa*+ an unkn[n l&1 we exam9$ & wat*$ = ! mo/ trivial sign ( a *ange4 ,! drift$ trunk ( a tree1 or a b\ld] ( primitive rock1 0 hail$ ) joy1 z if we _h se5 a =e/ gr[+ on ! flanks ( ! ,cordill]a4 ,! top1 h[ev]1 ( a heavy bank ( cl\ds1 :i* rema9$ almo/ con/antly 9 "o position1 0 ! mo/ promis+ sign1 & ev5tually turn$ out a true h>b+]4 ,at fir/ ! cl\ds 7 mi/ak5 = ! m\nta9s !mselves1 in/ead ( ! masses ( vap\r cond5s$ by _! icy summits4 ,april #bf?4--,we ?is day met ) a m>k$ *ange 9 ! geological /ructure ( ! pla9s4 ,f ! fir/ />t+ ,i _h c>efully exam9$ ! gravel 9 ! riv]1 & = ! two la/ days _h notic$ ! pres5ce ( a few small pebbles ( a v cellul> basalt4 ,^! gradually increas$ 9 numb] & 9 size1 b none 7 z l>ge z a man's head4 ,?is morn+1 h[ev]1 pebbles ( ! same rock1 b m compact1 sudd5ly became abundant1 & 9 ! c\rse ( half an h\r we saw1 at ! di/ance ( five ( six miles1 ! angul> edge ( a great basaltic plat=m4 ,:5 we arriv$ at its base we f\nd ! /ream bubbl+ among ! fall5 blocks4 ,= ! next tw5ty-eight miles ! riv]-c\rse 0 encumb]$ ) ^! basaltic masses4 ,above t limit imm5se fragm5ts ( primitive rocks1 d]iv$ f its surr\nd+ b\ld]-=mation1 7 equally num]\s4 ,none ( ! fragm5ts ( any consid]able size _h be5 wa%$ m ?an ?ree or f\r miles d[n ! riv] bel[ _! p>5t-s\rce3 consid]+ ! s+ul> rapidity ( ! great body ( wat] 9 ! ,santa ,cruz1 & t no /ill rea*es occur 9 any "p1 ?is example is a mo/ /rik+ "o1 ( ! ineffici5cy ( riv]s 9 transport+ ev5 mod]ately-siz$ fragm5ts4 ,! basalt is only lava1 :i* has fl[$ b5ea? ! sea2 b ! eruptions mu/ h be5 on ! gr&e/ scale4 ,at ! po9t :]e we fir/ met ?is =mation x 0 #abj feet 9 ?ickness2 foll[+ up ! riv] c\rse1 ! surface imp]ceptibly rose & ! mass became ?ick]1 s t at =ty miles above ! fir/ /ation x 0 #cbj feet ?ick4 ,:at ! ?ickness may be close to ! ,cordill]a1 ,i h no means ( kn[+1 b ! plat=m !re atta9s a height ( ab\t ?ree ?\s& feet above ! level ( ! sea2 we mu/ !re=e look to ! m\nta9s ( t great *a9 = its s\rce2 & wor?y ( su* a s\rce are /reams t h fl[$ ov] ! g5tly incl9$ b$ ( ! sea to a di/ance ( "o hundr$ miles4 ,at ! fir/ glance ( ! basaltic cliffs on ! opposite sides ( ! valley1 x 0 evid5t t ! /rata once 7 unit$4 ,:at p[]1 !n1 has remov$ along a :ole l9e ( c\ntry1 a solid mass ( v h>d rock1 :i* _h an av]age ?ickness ( ne>ly ?ree hundr$ feet1 & a bread? v>y+ f r less ?an two miles to f\r miles8 ,! riv]1 ?\gh x has s little p[] 9 transport+ ev5 inconsid]able fragm5ts1 yet 9 ! lapse ( ages might produce by its gradual erosion an effect ( :i* x is difficult to judge ! am\nt4 ,b 9 ?is case1 indep5d5tly ( ! insignificance ( su* an ag5cy1 good reasons c be assign$ = believ+ t ?is valley 0 =m]ly occupi$ by an arm ( ! sea4 ,x is ne$less 9 ?is "w to detail ! argum5ts lead+ to ?is conclusion1 d]iv$ f ! =m & ! nature ( ! /ep-=m$ t]races on bo? sides ( ! valley1 f ! mann] 9 :i* ! bottom ( ! valley ne> ! ,&es exp&s into a great e/u>y-l pla9 ) s&-hillocks on x1 & f ! occurr5ce ( a few sea-%ells ly+ 9 ! b$ ( ! riv]4 ,if ,i _h space ,i c\ld prove t ,s\? ,am]ica 0 =m]ly "h cut (f by a /rait1 jo9+ ! ,atlantic & ,pacific oceans1 l t ( ,magellan4 ,b x may yet be ask$1 h[ has ! solid basalt be5 mov$8 ,geologi/s =m]ly w\ld h br\ght into play ! viol5t action ( "s ov]:elm+ debacle2 b 9 ?is case su* a supposition w\ld h be5 q inadmissible1 because1 ! same /ep-l pla9s ) exi/+ sea-%ells ly+ on _! surface1 :i* front ! long l9e ( ! ,patagonian coa/1 sweep up on ea* side ( ! valley ( ,santa ,cruz4 ,no possible action ( any flood c\ld ?us h modell$ ! l&1 ei!r )9 ! valley or along ! op5 coa/2 & by ! =mation ( su* /ep-l pla9s or t]races ! valley itself _h be5 holl[$ out4 ,al?\gh we "k t !re are tides1 :i* run )9 ! ,n>r[s ( ! ,/rait ( ,magellan at ! rate ( eight knots an h\r1 yet we mu/ confess t x makes ! head almo/ giddy to reflect on ! numb] ( ye>s1 c5tury aft] c5tury1 :i* ! tides1 unaid$ by a heavy surf1 mu/ h requir$ to h corrod$ s va/ an area & ?ickness ( solid basaltic lava4 ,nev]!less1 we mu/ believe t ! /rata und]m9$ by ! wat]s ( ?is anci5t /rait1 7 brok5 up into huge fragm5ts1 & ^! ly+ scatt]$ on ! bea* 7 r$uc$ fir/ to small] blocks1 !n to pebbles & la/ly to ! mo/ impalpable mud1 :i* ! tides drift$ f> into ! ,ea/]n or ,we/]n ,ocean4 ,) ! *ange 9 ! geological /ructure ( ! pla9s ! "* ( ! l&scape likewise alt]$4 ,:ile rambl+ up "s ( ! n>r[ & rocky defiles1 ,i c\ld almo/ h fanci$ myself transport$ back aga9 to ! b>r5 valleys ( ! isl& ( ,/4 ,jago4 ,among ! basaltic cliffs ,i f\nd "s plants :i* ,i _h se5 n[h]e else1 b o!rs ,i recognis$ z be+ w&]]s f ,ti]ra del ,fuego4 ,^! por\s rocks s]ve z a res]voir = ! scanty ra9-wat]2 & consequ5tly on ! l9e :]e ! igne\s & s$im5t>y =mations unite1 "s small spr+s 7mo/ r>e occurr5ces 9 ,patagonia7 bur/ =?2 & !y c\ld be di/+ui%$ at a di/ance by ! circumscrib$ pat*es ( bright gre5 h]bage4 ,april #bg?4--,! b$ ( ! riv] became r n>r[] & h5ce ! /ream m rapid4 ,x "h ran at ! rate ( six knots an h\r4 ,f ?is cause1 & f ! _m great angul> fragm5ts1 track+ ! boats became bo? dang]\s & labori\s4 ,?is day ,i %ot a condor4 ,x measur$ f tip to tip ( ! w+s1 eight & a half feet1 & f beak to tail1 f\r feet4 ,?is bird is kn[n to h a wide geographical range1 be+ f\nd on ! we/ coa/ ( ,s\? ,am]ica1 f ! ,/rait ( ,magellan along ! ,cordill]a z f> z eight degrees nor? ( ! equator4 ,! /eep cliff ne> ! m\? ( ! ,rio ,negro is its nor!rn limit on ! ,patagonian coa/2 & !y h !re w&]$ ab\t f\r hundr$ miles f ! great c5tral l9e ( _! habitations 9 ! ,&es4 ,fur!r s\?1 among ! bold precipices at ! head ( ,port ,desire1 ! condor is n uncommon2 yet only a few /raggl]s occasionally visit ! sea-coa/4 ,a l9e ( cliff ne> ! m\? ( ! ,santa ,cruz is frequ5t$ by ^! birds1 & ab\t eighty miles up ! riv]1 :]e ! sides ( ! valley are =m$ by /eep basaltic precipices1 ! condor reappe>s4 ,f ^! facts x seems t ! condors require p]p5dicul> cliffs4 ,9 ,*ile1 !y haunt1 dur+ ! great] "p ( ! ye>1 ! l[] c\ntry ne> ! %ores ( ! ,pacific1 & at night sev]al roo/ toge!r 9 "o tree2 b 9 ! e>ly "p ( summ]1 !y retire to ! mo/ inaccessible p>ts ( ! inn] ,cordill]a1 !re to bre$ 9 peace4 ,) respect to _! propagation1 ,i 0 told by ! c\ntry p 9 ,*ile1 t ! condor makes no sort ( ne/1 b 9 ! mon?s ( ,novemb] & ,decemb] lays two l>ge :ite eggs on a %elf ( b>e rock4 ,x is said t ! "y condors _c fly = an entire ye>2 & long aft] !y are able1 !y cont9ue to roo/ by night1 & hunt by day ) _! p>5ts4 ,! old birds g5]ally live 9 pairs2 b among ! inl& basaltic cliffs ( ! ,santa ,cruz1 ,i f\nd a spot1 :]e scores mu/ usually haunt4 ,on com+ sudd5ly to ! br[ ( ! precipice1 x 0 a gr& spectacle to see betwe5 tw5ty & ?irty ( ^! great birds />t heavily f _! re/+-place1 & :eel away 9 maje/ic circles4 ,f ! quantity ( dung on ! rocks !y mu/ long h frequ5t$ ?is cliff = roo/+ & bre$+4 ,hav+ gorg$ !mselves ) c>rion on ! pla9s bel[1 !y retire to ^! fav\rite l$ges to dige/ _! food4 ,f ^! facts1 ! condor1 l ! gall9azo1 mu/ to a c]ta9 degree be consid]$ z a greg>i\s bird4 ,9 ?is "p ( ! c\ntry !y live altoge!r on ! guanacos :i* h di$ a natural dea?1 or z m commonly happ5s1 h be5 kill$ by ! pumas4 ,i believe1 f :at ,i saw 9 ,patagonia1 t !y d n on ord9>y occasions ext5d _! daily excursions to any great di/ance f _! regul> sleep+-places4 ,! condors may (t5times be se5 at a great height1 so>+ ov] a c]ta9 spot 9 ! mo/ graceful circles4 ,on "s occasions ,i am sure t !y d ?is only = pleasure1 b on o!rs1 ! ,*il5o c\ntryman tells y t !y are wat*+ a dy+ animal1 or ! puma dev\r+ its prey4 ,if ! condors glide d[n1 & !n sudd5ly all rise toge!r1 ! ,*il5o kn[s t x is ! puma :i*1 wat*+ ! c>cass1 has sprung out to drive away ! robb]s4 ,besides fe$+ on c>rion1 ! condors frequ5tly attack "y goats & lambs2 & ! %eph]d-dogs are tra9$1 :5ev] !y pass ov]1 to run out1 & look+ upw>ds to b>k viol5tly4 ,! ,*il5os de/roy & cat* numb]s4 ,two me?ods are us$2 "o is to place a c>cass on a level piece ( gr\nd )9 an enclosure ( /icks ) an op5+1 & :5 ! condors are gorg$ to gallop up on horseback to ! entrance1 & ?us enclose !m3 = :5 ?is bird has n space to run1 x _c give its body suffici5t mom5tum to rise f ! gr\nd4 ,! second me?od is to m>k ! trees 9 :i*1 frequ5tly to ! numb] ( five or six toge!r1 !y roo/1 & !y at night to climb up & noose !m4 ,!y are su* heavy sleep]s1 z ,i h myself witness$1 t ?is is n a difficult task4 ,at ,valp>aiso1 ,i h se5 a liv+ condor sold = sixp5ce1 b ! common price is eight or t5 %ill+s4 ,"o :i* ,i saw br\ght 91 _h be5 ti$ ) rope1 & 0 mu* injur$2 yet1 ! mom5t ! l9e 0 cut by :i* its bill 0 secur$1 al?\gh surr\nd$ by p1 x began rav5\sly to te> a piece ( c>rion4 ,9 a g>d5 at ! same place1 betwe5 tw5ty & ?irty 7 kept alive4 ,!y 7 f$ only once a week1 b !y appe>$ 9 pretty good heal?4 #b ,! ,*il5o c\ntrym5 ass]t t ! condor w live1 & reta9 its vig\r1 betwe5 five & six weeks )\t eat+3 ,i _c answ] = ! tru? ( ?is1 b x is a cruel exp]im5t1 :i* v likely has be5 tri$4 ,:5 an animal is kill$ 9 ! c\ntry1 x is well kn[n t ! condors1 l o!r c>rion-vultures1 soon ga9 intellig5ce ( x1 & congregate 9 an inexplicable mann]4 ,9 mo/ cases x mu/ n be ov]look$1 t ! birds h discov]$ _! prey1 & h pick$ ! skeleton clean1 be=e ! fle% is 9 ! lea/ degree ta9t$4 ,rememb]+ ! exp]im5ts ( ,m4 ,audubon1 on ! little smell+ p[]s ( c>rion-hawks1 ,i tri$ 9 ! above m5tion$ g>d5 ! foll[+ exp]im5t3 ! condors 7 ti$1 ea* by a rope1 9 a long r[ at ! bottom ( a wall2 & hav+ fold$ up a piece ( meat 9 :ite pap]1 ,i walk$ backw>ds & =w>ds1 c>ry+ x 9 my h& at ! di/ance ( ab\t ?ree y>ds f !m1 b no notice :atev] 0 tak54 ,i !n ?rew x on ! gr\nd1 )9 "o y>d ( an old male bird2 he look$ at x = a mom5t ) att5tion1 b !n reg>d$ x no m4 ,) a /ick ,i pu%$ x clos] & clos]1 until at la/ he t\*$ x ) 8 beak2 ! pap] 0 !n in/antly torn (f ) fury1 & at ! same mom5t1 e bird 9 ! long r[ began /ruggl+ & flapp+ its w+s4 ,"u ! same circum/ances1 x w\ld h be5 q impossible to h deceiv$ a dog4 ,! evid5ce 9 fav\r ( & aga9/ ! acute smell+ p[]s ( c>rion-vultures is s+ul>ly balanc$4 ,pr(essor ,ow5 has demon/rat$ t ! olfactory n]ves ( ! turkey-buzz>d 7,ca?>tes aura7 are highly develop$1 & on ! ev5+ :5 ,mr4 ,ow5's pap] 0 read at ! ,zoological ,society1 x 0 m5tion$ by a g5tleman t he _h se5 ! c>rion-hawks 9 ! ,we/ ,indies on two occasions collect on ! ro( ( a h\se1 :5 a corpse _h become (f5sive f n hav+ be5 buri$1 9 ?is case1 ! intellig5ce c\ld h>dly h be5 acquir$ by sight4 ,on ! o!r h&1 besides ! exp]im5ts ( ,audubon & t "o by myself1 ,mr4 ,ba*man has tri$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates _m v>i$ plans1 %[+ t nei!r ! turkey-buzz>d 7! species dissect$ by ,pr(essor ,ow57 nor ! gall9azo f9d _! food by smell4 ,he cov]$ portions ( highly-(f5sive (fal ) a ?9 canvas clo?1 & /rew$ pieces ( meat on x3 ^! ! c>rion-vultures ate up1 & !n rema9$ quietly /&+1 ) _! beaks )9 ! eigh? ( an in* ( ! putrid mass1 )\t discov]+ x4 ,a small r5t 0 made 9 ! canvas1 & ! (fal 0 imm$iately discov]$2 ! canvas 0 replac$ by a fre% piece1 & meat aga9 put on x1 & 0 aga9 dev\r$ by ! vultures )\t _! discov]+ ! hidd5 mass on :i* !y 7 trampl+4 ,^! facts are atte/$ by ! signatures ( six g5tlem51 besides t ( ,mr4 ,ba*man4 #c ,(t5 :5 ly+ d[n to re/ on ! op5 pla9s1 on look+ upw>ds1 ,i h se5 c>rion-hawks sail+ ?r\gh ! air at a great height4 ,:]e ! c\ntry is level ,i d n believe a space ( ! heav5s1 ( m ?an fifte5 degrees above ! horizon1 is commonly view$ ) any att5tion by a p]son ei!r walk+ or on horseback4 ,if su* be ! case1 & ! vulture is on ! w+ at a height ( betwe5 ?ree & f\r ?\s& feet1 be=e x c\ld come )9 ! range ( vision1 its di/ance 9 a /raight l9e f ! behold]'s eye1 w\ld be r m ?an two ,briti% miles4 ,might x n ?us readily be ov]look$8 ,:5 an animal is kill$ by ! sportsman 9 a lonely valley1 may he n all ! :ile be wat*$ f above by ! %>p-sight$ bird8 ,& w n ! mann] ( its desc5d proclaim ?r\gh\t ! di/rict to ! :ole family ( c>rion-fe$]s1 t _! prey is at h&8 ,:5 ! condors are :eel+ 9 a flock r\nd & r\nd any spot1 _! flight is beautiful4 ,except :5 ris+ f ! gr\nd1 ,i d n recollect ev] hav+ se5 "o ( ^! birds flap its w+s4 ,ne> ,lima1 ,i wat*$ sev]al = ne>ly half an h\r1 )\t once tak+ (f my eyes1 !y mov$ 9 l>ge curves1 sweep+ 9 circles1 desc5d+ & asc5d+ )\t giv+ a s+le flap4 ,z !y glid$ close ov] my head1 ,i int5tly wat*$ f an oblique position1 ! outl9es ( ! sep>ate & great t]m9al fea!rs ( ea* w+2 & ^! sep>ate fea!rs1 if !re _h be5 ! lea/ vibratory movem5t1 w\ld h appe>$ z if bl5d$ toge!r2 b !y 7 se5 di/9ct aga9/ ! blue sky4 ,! head & neck 7 mov$ frequ5tly1 & app>5tly ) =ce2 & ! ext5d$ w+s seem$ to =m ! fulcrum on :i* ! movem5ts ( ! neck1 body1 & tail act$4 ,if ! bird wi%$ to desc5d1 ! w+s 7 = a mom5t collaps$2 & :5 aga9 exp&$ ) an alt]$ incl9ation1 ! mom5tum ga9$ by ! rapid desc5t seem$ to urge ! bird upw>ds ) ! ev5 & /eady movem5t ( a pap] kite4 ,9 ! case ( any bird so>+1 its motion mu/ be suffici5tly rapid s t ! action ( ! incl9$ surface ( its body on ! atmosph]e may c\nt]balance its gravity4 ,! =ce to keep up ! mom5tum ( a body mov+ 9 a horizontal plane 9 ! air 79 :i* !re is s little friction7 _c be great1 & ?is =ce is all t is want$4 ,! movem5ts ( ! neck & body ( ! condor1 we mu/ suppose1 is suffici5t = ?is4 ,h[ev] ?is may be1 x is truly wond]ful & beautiful to see s great a bird1 h\r aft] h\r1 )\t any app>5t ex]tion1 :eel+ & glid+ ov] m\nta9 & riv]4 ,april #bi?4--,f "s high l& we hail$ ) joy ! :ite summits ( ! ,cordill]a1 z !y 7 se5 occasionally peep+ ?r\gh _! dusky envelope ( cl\ds4 ,dur+ ! few succe$+ days we cont9u$ to get on sl[ly1 = we f\nd ! riv]-c\rse v tortu\s1 & /rew$ ) imm5se fragm5ts ( v>i\s anci5t slate rocks1 & ( granite4 ,! pla9 bord]+ ! valley has "h atta9$ an elevation ( ab\t #aajj feet above ! riv]1 & its "* 0 mu* alt]$4 ,! well-r\nd$ pebbles ( porphyry 7 m+l$ ) _m imm5se angul> fragm5ts ( basalt & ( prim>y rocks4 ,! fir/ ( ^! erratic b\ld]s :i* ,i notic$1 0 sixty-sev5 miles di/ant f ! ne>e/ m\nta92 ano!r :i* ,i measur$ 0 five y>ds squ>e1 & project$ five feet above ! gravel4 ,its edges 7 s angul>1 & its size s great1 t ,i at fir/ mi/ook x = a rock 9 situ1 & took out my compass to obs]ve ! direction ( its cleavage4 ,! pla9 "h 0 n q s level z t ne>] ! coa/1 b yet 9 betray$ no signs ( any great viol5ce4 ,"u ^! circum/ances x is1 ,i believe1 q impossible to expla9 ! transportal ( ^! gigantic masses ( rock s _m miles f _! p>5t-s\rce1 on any !ory except by t ( float+ iceb]gs4 ,dur+ ! two la/ days we met ) signs ( horses1 & ) sev]al small articles :i* _h belong$ to ! ,indians--su* z p>ts ( a mantle & a bun* ( o/ri* fea!rs--1 b !y appe>$ to h be5 ly+ long on ! gr\nd4 ,betwe5 ! place :]e ! ,indians _h s lately cross$ ! riv] & ?is neighb\rhood1 ?\gh s _m miles ap>t1 ! c\ntry appe>s to be q unfrequ5t$4 ,at fir/1 consid]+ ! abundance ( ! guanacos1 ,i 0 surpris$ at ?is2 b x is expla9$ by ! /ony nature ( ! pla9s1 :i* w\ld soon disable an un%od horse f tak+ "p 9 ! *ase4 ,nev]!less1 9 two places 9 ?is v c5tral region1 ,i f\nd small heaps ( /ones1 :i* ,i d n ?9k c\ld h be5 accid5tally ?r[n toge!r4 ,!y 7 plac$ on po9ts1 project+ ov] ! edge ( ! highe/ lava cliff1 & !y resembl$1 b on a small scale1 ^? ne> ,port ,desire4 ,may #d?4--,capta9 ,fitz ,roy det]m9$ to take ! boats no high]4 ,! riv] _h a w9d+ c\rse1 & 0 v rapid2 & ! appe>ance ( ! c\ntry (f]$ no temptation to proce$ any fur!r4 ,ev]y:]e we met ) ! same productions1 & ! same dre>y l&scape4 ,we 7 n[ "o hundr$ & =ty miles di/ant f ! ,atlantic & ab\t sixty f ! ne>e/ arm ( ! ,pacific4 ,! valley 9 ?is upp] "p exp&$ into a wide bas91 b\nd$ on ! nor? & s\? by ! basaltic plat=ms1 & front$ by ! long range ( ! sn[-clad ,cordill]a4 ,b we view$ ^! gr& m\nta9s ) regret1 = we 7 oblig$ to imag9e _! nature & productions1 in/ead ( /&+1 z we _h hop$1 on _! summits4 ,besides ! useless loss ( "t :i* an attempt to asc5d ! riv] & high] w\ld h co/ u1 we _h already be5 = "s days on half all[ance ( bread4 ,?is1 al?\gh really en\gh = reasonable m51 01 aft] a h>d day's m>*1 r scanty food3 a light /oma* & an easy dige/ion are good ?+s to talk ab\t1 b v unpleasant 9 practice4 #e?4--,be=e sunrise we comm5c$ our desc5t4 ,we %ot d[n ! /ream ) great rapidity1 g5]ally at ! rate ( t5 knots an h\r4 ,9 ?is "o day we effect$ :at _h co/ u five-&-a-half h>d days' lab\r 9 asc5d+4 ,on ! #h?1 we rea*$ ! ,beagle aft] our tw5ty-"o days' exp$ition4 ,e "o1 except+ myself1 _h cause to be dissatisfi$2 b to me ! asc5t af=d$ a mo/ int]e/+ section ( ! great t]ti>y =mation ( ,patagonia4 ,on ,m>* #a/1 #ahcc1 & aga9 on ,m>* #af?1 #ahcd1 ! ,beagle an*or$ 9 ,b]keley ,s\nd1 9 ,ea/ ,falkl& ,isl&4 ,?is ar*ipelago is situat$ 9 ne>ly ! same latitude ) ! m\? ( ! ,/rait ( ,magellan2 x cov]s a space ( "o hundr$ & tw5ty by sixty geographical miles1 & is little m ?an half ! size ( ,irel&4 ,aft] ! possession ( ^! mis]able isl&s _h be5 conte/$ by ,france1 ,spa91 & ,engl&1 !y 7 left un9habit$4 ,! gov]nm5t ( ,bu5os ,ayres !n sold !m to a private individual1 b likewise us$ !m1 z old ,spa9 _h done be=e1 = a p5al settlem5t4 ,engl& claim$ h] "r & seiz$ !m4 ,! ,engli%man :o 0 left 9 *>ge ( ! flag 0 consequ5tly murd]$4 ,a ,briti% (fic] 0 next s5t1 unsupport$ by any p[]3 & :5 we arriv$1 we f\nd him 9 *>ge ( a population1 ( :i* r m ?an half 7 runaway rebels & murd]]s4 ,! !atre is wor?y ( ! sc5es act$ on x4 ,an undulat+ l&1 ) a desolate & wret*$ aspect1 is ev]y:]e cov]$ by a peaty soil & wiry grass1 ( "o monoton\s br[n col\r4 ,"h & !re a peak or ridge ( grey qu>tz rock breaks ?r\gh ! smoo? surface ,e "o has he>d ( ! climate ( ^! regions2 x may be comp>$ to t :i* is exp]i5c$ at ! height ( betwe5 "o & two ?\s& feet1 on ! m\nta9s ( ,nor? ,wales2 hav+ h[ev] less sun%9e & less fro/ b m w9d & ra94 #d #af?4--,i w n[ describe a %ort excursion :i* made r\nd a "p ( ?is isl&4 ,9 ! morn+ ,i />t$ ) six horses & two ,gau*os3 ! latt] 7 capital m5 = ! purpose1 & well accu/om$ to liv+ on _! own res\rces4 ,! wea!r 0 v boi/]\s & cold ) heavy hail-/orms4 ,we got on1 h[ev]1 pretty well b1 except ! geology1 no?+ c\ld be less int]e/+ ?an our day's ride4 ,! c\ntry is uni=mly ! same undulat+ moorl&2 ! surface be+ cov]$ by light br[n )]$ grass & a few v small %rubs1 all spr++ out ( an ela/ic peaty soil4 ,9 ! valleys "h & !re might be se5 a small flock ( wild geese1 & ev]y:]e ! gr\nd 0 s s(t t ! snipe 7 able to fe$4 ,besides ^! two birds !re 7 few o!rs4 ,!re is "o ma9 range ( hills1 ne>ly two ?\s& feet 9 height1 & compos$ ( qu>tz rock1 ! rugg$ & b>r5 cre/s ( :i* gave u "s tr\ble to cross4 ,on ! s\? side we came to ! be/ c\ntry = wild cattle2 we met1 h[ev]1 no great numb]1 = !y _h be5 lately mu* h>ass$4 ,9 ! ev5+ we came across a small h]d4 ,"o ( my companions1 ,/4 ,jago by "n1 soon sep>at$ a fat c[3 he ?rew ! bolas1 & x /ruck h] legs1 b fail$ 9 becom+ entangl$4 ,!n dropp+ 8 hat to m>k ! spot :]e ! balls 7 left1 :ile at full gallop1 he uncoil$ 8 lazo1 & aft] a mo/ sev]e *ase1 aga9 came up to ! c[1 & caught h] r\nd ! horns4 ,! o!r ,gau*o _h gone on ahead ) ! sp>e horses1 s t ,/4 ,jago _h "s difficulty 9 kill+ ! furi\s bea/4 ,he manag$ to get h] on a level piece ( gr\nd1 by tak+ advantage ( h] z (t5 z %e ru%$ at him2 & :5 %e w\ld n move1 my horse1 f hav+ be5 tra9$1 w\ld cant] up1 & ) 8 *e/ give h] a viol5t pu%4 ,b :5 on level gr\nd x does n appe> an easy job = "o man to kill a bea/ mad ) t]ror4 ,nor w\ld x be s1 if ! horse1 :5 left to itself )\t its rid]1 did n soon le>n1 = its own safety1 to keep ! lazo tight1 s t1 if ! c[ or ox moves =w>d1 ! horse moves j z quickly =w>d2 o!rwise1 x /&s motionless lean+ on "o side4 ,?is horse1 h[ev]1 0 a "y "o1 & w\ld n /& /ill1 b gave 9 to ! c[ z %e /ruggl$4 ,x 0 admirable to see ) :at dext]ity ,/4 ,jago dodg$ beh9d ! bea/1 till at la/ he contriv$ to give ! fatal t\* to ! ma9 t5don ( ! h9d leg aft] :i*1 )\t mu* difficulty1 he drove 8 knife into ! head ( ! sp9al m>r[1 & ! c[ dropp$ z if /ruck by lightn+4 ,he cut (f pieces ( fle% ) ! sk9 to x1 b )\t any bones1 suffici5t = our exp$ition4 ,we !n rode on to our sleep+-place1 & _h = supp] c>ne con cu]o1 or meat roa/$ ) ! sk9 on x4 ,?is is z sup]ior to common beef z v5ison is to mutton4 ,a l>ge circul> piece tak5 f ! back is roa/$ on ! emb]s ) ! hide d[nw>ds & is ! =m ( a sauc]1 s t none ( ! gravy is lo/4 ,if any wor?y ald]man _h supp$ ) u t ev5+1 c>ne con cu]o1 )\t d\bt1 w\ld soon h be5 celebrat$ 9 ,london4 ,dur+ ! night x ra9$1 & ! next day 7#ag?7 0 v /ormy1 ) mu* hail & sn[4 ,we rode across ! isl& to ! neck ( l& :i* jo9s ! ,r9con del ,toro 7! great p59sula at ! ,s4 ,w4 extremity7 to ! re/ ( ! isl&4 ,f ! great numb] ( c[s :i* h be5 kill$1 !re is a l>ge proportion ( bulls4 ,^! w&] ab\t s+le1 or two & ?ree toge!r1 & are v savage4 ,i nev] saw su* magnific5t bea/s2 !y equall$ 9 ! size ( _! huge heads & necks ! ,grecian m>ble sculptures4 ,capt4 ,sulivan in=ms me t ! hide ( an av]age-siz$ bull weighs =ty-sev5 p\nds1 :]eas a hide ( ?is weight1 less ?or\ghly dri$1 is consid]$ z a v heavy "o at ,monte ,video4 ,! "y bulls g5]ally run away1 = a %ort di/ance2 b ! old ones d n /ir a /ep1 except to ru% at man & horse2 & _m horses h be5 ?us kill$4 ,an old bull cross$ a boggy /ream1 & took 8 /& on ! opposite side to u2 we 9 va9 tri$ to drive him away1 & fail+1 7 oblig$ to make a l>ge circuit4 ,! ,gau*os 9 rev5ge det]m9$ to emasculate him & r5d] him = ! future h>mless4 ,x 0 v int]e/+ to see h[ art completely ma/]$ =ce4 ,"o lazo 0 ?r[n ov] 8 horns z he ru%$ at ! horse1 & ano!r r\nd 8 h9d legs3 9 a m9ute ! mon/] 0 /ret*$ p[]less on ! gr\nd4 ,aft] ! lazo has once be5 drawn tightly r\nd ! horns ( a furi\s animal1 x does n at fir/ appe> an easy ?+ to dis5gage x aga9 )\t kill+ ! bea/3 nor1 ,i appreh5d1 w\ld x be s if ! man 0 by himself4 ,by ! aid1 h[ev]1 ( a second p]son ?r[+ 8 lazo s z to cat* bo? h9d legs1 x is quickly manag$3 = ! animal1 z long z its h9d legs are kept out/ret*$1 is q helpless1 & ! fir/ man c ) 8 h&s loos5 8 lazo f ! horns1 & !n quietly m\nt 8 horse2 b ! mom5t ! second man1 by back+ ev] s little1 relaxes ! /ra91 ! lazo slips (f ! legs ( ! /ruggl+ bea/1 :i* !n rises free1 %akes himself1 & va9ly ru%es at 8 antagoni/4 ,dur+ our :ole ride we saw only "o troop ( wild horses4 ,^! animals1 z well z ! cattle1 7 introduc$ by ! ,fr5* 9 #agfd1 s9ce :i* "t bo? h greatly increas$4 ,x is a curi\s fact1 t ! horses h nev] left ! ea/]n end ( ! isl&1 al?\gh !re is no natural b\nd>y to prev5t !m f roam+1 & t "p ( ! isl& is n m tempt+ ?an ! re/4 ,! ,gau*os :om ,i ask$1 ?\gh ass]t+ ?is to be ! case1 7 unable to acc\nt = x1 except f ! /rong atta*m5t :i* horses h to any locality to :i* !y are accu/om$4 ,consid]+ t ! isl& does n appe> fully /ock$1 & t !re are no bea/s ( prey1 ,i 0 p>ticul>ly curi\s to "k :at has *eck$ _! orig9ally rapid increase4 ,t 9 a limit$ isl& "s *eck w\ld soon] or lat] sup]v5e1 is inevitable2 b :y _h ! increase ( ! horse be5 *eck$ soon] ?an t ( ! cattle8 ,capt4 ,sulivan has tak5 mu* pa9s = me 9 ?is inquiry4 ,! ,gau*os employ$ "h attribute x *iefly to ! /allions con/antly roam+ f place to place1 & compell+ ! m>es to accompany !m1 :e!r or n ! "y foals are able to foll[4 ,"o ,gau*o told ,capt4 ,sulivan t he _h wat*$ a /allion = a :ole h\r1 viol5tly kick+ & bit+ a m>e till he =c$ h] to leave h] foal to its fate4 ,capt4 ,sulivan c s f> corroborate ?is curi\s acc\nt1 t he has sev]al times f\nd "y foals dead1 :]eas he has nev] f\nd a dead calf4 ,moreov]1 ! dead bodies ( full-gr[n horses are m frequ5tly f\nd1 z if m subject to disease or accid5ts1 ?an ^? ( ! cattle4 ,f ! s(tness ( ! gr\nd _! ho(s (t5 gr[ irregul>ly to a great l5g?1 & ?is causes lam5ess4 ,! pr$om9ant col\rs are roan & iron-grey4 ,all ! horses br$ "h1 bo? tame & wild1 are r small-siz$1 ?\gh g5]ally 9 good condition2 & !y h lo/ s mu* /r5g?1 t !y are unfit to be us$ 9 tak+ wild cattle ) ! lazo3 9 consequ5ce1 x is necess>y to g to ! great exp5se ( import+ fre% horses f ! ,plata4 ,at "s future p]iod ! s\!rn hemisph]e probably w h its bre$ ( ,falkl& ponies1 z ! nor!rn has its ,%etl& bre$4 ,! cattle1 in/ead ( hav+ deg5]at$ l ! horses seem1 z be=e rem>k$1 to h increas$ 9 size2 & !y are mu* m num]\s ?an ! horses4 ,capt4 ,sulivan in=ms me t !y v>y mu* less 9 ! g5]al =m ( _! bodies & 9 ! %ape ( _! horns ?an ,engli% cattle4 ,9 col\r !y diff] mu*2 & x is a rem>kable circum/ance1 t 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ?is "o small isl&1 diff]5t col\rs pr$om9ate4 ,r\nd ,m\nt ,usborne1 at a height ( f #ajjj to #aejj feet above ! sea1 ab\t half ( "s ( ! h]ds are m\se or lead-col\r$1 a t9t :i* is n common 9 o!r p>ts ( ! isl&4 ,ne> ,port ,pleasant d>k br[n prevails1 :]eas s\? ( ,*oiseul ,s\nd 7:i* almo/ divides ! isl& into two p>ts71 :ite bea/s ) black heads & feet are ! mo/ common3 9 all p>ts black1 & "s spott$ animals may be obs]v$4 ,capt4 ,sulivan rem>ks1 t ! diff]5ce 9 ! prevail+ col\rs 0 s obvi\s1 t 9 look+ = ! h]ds ne> ,port ,pleasant1 !y appe>$ f a long di/ance l black spots1 :il/ s\? ( ,*oiseul ,s\nd !y appe>$ l :ite spots on ! hill-sides4 ,capt4 ,sulivan ?9ks t ! h]ds d n m+le2 & x is a s+ul> fact1 t ! m\se-col\r$ cattle1 ?\gh liv+ on ! high l&1 calve ab\t a mon? e>li] 9 ! season ?an ! o!r col\r$ bea/s on ! l[] l&4 ,x is int]e/+ ?us to f9d ! once dome/icat$ cattle break+ into ?ree col\rs1 ( :i* "s "o col\r w\ld 9 all probability ultimately prevail ov] ! o!rs1 if ! h]ds 7 left undi/urb$ = ! next sev]al c5turies4 ,! rabbit is ano!r animal :i* has be5 introduc$2 & has succe$$ v well2 s t !y ab\nd ov] l>ge p>ts ( ! isl&4 ,yet1 l ! horses1 !y are conf9$ )9 c]ta9 limits2 = !y h n cross$ ! c5tral *a9 ( hills1 nor w\ld !y h ext5d$ ev5 s f> z its base1 if1 z ! ,gau*os in=m$ me1 small colonies has n be5 c>ri$ !re4 ,i %\ld n h suppos$ t ^! animals1 natives ( nor!rn ,africa1 c\ld h exi/$ 9 a climate s humid z ?is1 & :i* enjoys s little sun%9e t ev5 :eat rip5s only occasionally4 ,x is ass]t$ t 9 ,sw$51 :i* any "o w\ld h ?\ght a m fav\rable climate1 ! rabbit _c live out ( doors4 ,! fir/ few pairs1 moreov]1 _h "h to cont5t aga9/ pre-exi/+ enemies1 9 ! fox & "s l>ge hawks4 ,! ,fr5* naturali/s h consid]$ ! black v>iety a di/9ct species1 & call$ x ,lepus ,magellanicus4 #e ,!y imag9$ t ,magellan1 :5 talk+ ( an animal "u ! "n ( conejos 9 ! ,/rait ( ,magellan1 ref]r$ to ?is species2 b he 0 allud+ to a small cavy1 :i* to ?is day is ?us call$ by ! ,spani>ds4 ,! ,gau*os laugh$ at ! idea ( ! black k9d be+ diff]5t f ! grey1 & !y said t at all ev5ts x _h n ext5d$ its range any fur!r ?an ! grey k9d2 t ! two 7 nev] f\nd sep>ate2 & t !y readily br$ toge!r1 & produc$ piebald (fspr+4 ,( ! latt] ,i n[ possess a specim51 & x is m>k$ ab\t ! head diff]5tly f ! ,fr5* specific description4 ,?is circum/ance %[s h[ cauti\s naturali/s %\ld be 9 mak+ species2 = ev5 ,cuvi]1 on look+ at ! skull ( "o ( ^! rabbits1 ?\ght x 0 probably di/9ct6 ,! only quadrup$ native to ! isl& #f2 is a l>ge wolf-l fox 7,canis ant>cticus71 :i* is common to bo? ,ea/ & ,we/ ,falkl&4 ,i h no d\bt x is a peculi> species1 & conf9$ to ?is ar*ipelago2 because _m seal]s1 ,gau*os1 & ,indians1 :o h visit$ ^! isl&s1 all ma9ta9 t no su* animal is f\nd 9 any "p ( ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,mol9a1 f a simil>ity 9 habits1 ?\ght t ?is 0 ! same ) 8 culpeu2 #g b ,i h se5 bo?1 & !y are q di/9ct4 ,^! wolves are well kn[n f ,byron's acc\nt ( _! tam5ess & curiosity1 :i* ! sailors1 :o ran into ! wat] to avoid !m1 mi/ook = fi]c5ess4 ,to ?is day _! mann]s rema9 ! same4 ,!y h be5 obs]v$ to ent] a t5t1 & actually pull "s meat f b5ea? ! head ( a sleep+ seaman4 ,! ,gau*os also h frequ5tly 9 ! ev5+ kill$ !m1 by hold+ out a piece ( meat 9 "o h&1 & 9 ! o!r a knife ready to /ick !m4 ,z f> z ,i am aw>e1 !re is no o!r in/ance 9 any "p ( ! _w1 ( s small a mass ( brok5 l&1 di/ant f a cont95t1 possess+ s l>ge an aborig9al quadrup$ peculi> to itself4 ,_! numb]s h rapidly decreas$2 !y are already bani%$ f t half ( ! isl& :i* lies to ! ea/w>d ( ! neck ( l& betwe5 ,/4 ,salvador ,bay & ,b]keley ,s\nd4 ,)9 a v few ye>s aft] ^! isl&s %all h become regul>ly settl$1 9 all probability ?is = w be class$ ) ! dodo1 z an animal :i* has p]i%$ f ! face ( ! e>?4 ,at night 7#ag?7 we slept on ! neck ( l& at ! head ( ,*oiseul ,s\nd1 :i* =ms ! s\?-we/ p59sula4 ,! valley 0 pretty well %elt]$ f ! cold w9d1 b !re 0 v little bru%wood = fuel4 ,! ,gau*os1 h[ev]1 soon f\nd :at1 to my great surprise1 made ne>ly z hot a fire z coals2 ?is 0 ! skeleton ( a bullock lately kill$1 f :i* ! fle% _h be5 pick$ by ! c>rion-hawks4 ,!y told me t 9 w9t] !y (t5 kill$ a bea/1 clean$ ! fle% f ! bones ) _! knives1 & !n ) ^! same bones roa/$ ! meat = _! supp]s4 #ah?4--,x ra9$ dur+ ne>ly ! :ole day4 ,at night we manag$1 h[ev]1 ) our saddle-clo?s to keep ourselves pretty well dry & w>m2 b ! gr\nd on :i* we slept 0 on ea* occasion ne>ly 9 ! /ate ( a bog1 & !re 0 n a dry spot to sit d[n on aft] our day's ride4 ,i h 9 ano!r "p /at$ h[ s+ul> x is t !re %\ld be absolutely no trees on ^! isl&s1 al?\gh ,ti]ra del ,fuego is cov]$ by "o l>ge =e/4 ,! l>ge/ bu% 9 ! isl& 7belong+ to ! family ( ,compositae7 is sc>cely s tall z our gorse4 ,! be/ fuel is af=d$ by a gre5 little bu% ab\t ! size ( common hea?1 :i* has ! useful prop]ty ( burn+ :ile fre% & gre54 ,x 0 v surpris+ to see ! ,gau*os1 9 ! mid/ ( ra9 & ev]y?+ soak+ wet1 ) no?+ m ?an a t9d]-box & a piece ( rag1 imm$iately make a fire4 ,!y s\ght b5ea? ! tufts ( grass & bu%el = a few dry twigs1 & ^! !y rubb$ into fibres2 !n surr\nd+ !m ) co>s] twigs1 some?+ l a bird's ne/1 !y put ! rag ) its sp>k ( fire 9 ! middle & cov]$ x up4 ,! ne/ be+ !n held up to ! w9d1 by degrees x smok$ m & m1 & at la/ bur/ out 9 flames4 ,i d n ?9k any o!r me?od w\ld h _h a *ance ( succe$+ ) su* damp mat]ials4 #ai?4--,ea* morn+1 f n hav+ ridd5 = "s "t previ\sly1 ,i 0 v /iff4 ,i 0 surpris$ to he> ! ,gau*os1 :o h f infancy almo/ liv$ on horseback1 say t1 "u simil> circum/ances1 !y always suff]4 ,/4 ,jago told me1 t hav+ be5 conf9$ = ?ree mon?s by illness1 he w5t out hunt+ wild cattle1 & 9 consequ5ce1 = ! next two days1 8 ?ighs 7 s /iff t he 0 oblig$ to lie 9 b$4 ,?is %[s t ! ,gau*os1 al?\gh !y d n appe> to d s1 yet really mu/ ex]t mu* muscul> ef=t 9 rid+4 ,! hunt+ wild cattle1 9 a c\ntry s difficult to pass z ?is is on acc\nt ( ! swampy gr\nd1 mu/ be v h>d "w4 ,! ,gau*os say !y (t5 pass at full spe$ ov] gr\nd :i* w\ld be impassable at a sl[] pace2 9 ! same mann] z a man is able to skate ov] ?9 ice4 ,:5 hunt+1 ! p>ty endeav\rs to get z close z possible to ! h]d )\t be+ discov]$4 ,ea* man c>ries f\r or five pair ( ! bolas2 ^! he ?r[s "o aft] ! o!r at z _m cattle1 :i*1 :5 once entangl$1 are left = "s days till !y become a little exhau/$ by hung] & /ruggl+4 ,!y are !n let free & driv5 t[>ds a small h]d ( tame animals1 :i* h be5 br\ght to ! spot on purpose4 ,f _! previ\s treatm5t1 be+ too mu* t]rifi$ to leave ! h]d1 !y are easily driv51 if _! /r5g? la/ out1 to ! settlem5t4 ,! wea!r cont9u$ s v bad t we det]m9e to make a pu%1 & try to rea* ! vessel be=e night4 ,f ! quantity ( ra9 :i* _h fall51 ! surface ( ! :ole c\ntry 0 swampy4 ,i suppose my horse fell at lea/ a doz5 times1 & sometimes ! :ole six horses 7 fl\nd]+ 9 ! mud toge!r4 ,all ! little /reams are bord]$ by s(t peat1 :i* makes x v difficult = ! horses to leap !m )\t fall+4 ,to complete our discom=ts we 7 oblig$ to cross ! head ( a creek ( ! sea1 9 :i* ! wat] 0 z high z our horses' backs2 & ! little waves1 ow+ to ! viol5ce ( ! w9d1 broke ov] u1 & made u v wet & cold4 ,ev5 ! iron-fram$ ,gau*os pr(ess$ !mselves glad :5 !y rea*$ ! settlem5t1 aft] our little excursion4 ,! geological /ructure ( ^! isl&s is 9 mo/ respects simple4 ,! l[] c\ntry consi/s ( clay-slate & s&/one1 conta9+ fossils1 v closely relat$ to1 b n id5tical )1 ^? f\nd 9 ! ,silurian =mations ( ,europe2 ! hills are =m$ ( :ite granul> qu>tz rock4 ,! /rata ( ! latt] are frequ5tly ar*$ ) p]fect symmetry1 & ! appe>ance ( "s ( ! masses is 9 consequ5ce mo/ s+ul>4 ,p]nety #h has devot$ sev]al pages to ! description ( a ,hill ( ,ru9s1 ! successive /rata ( :i* he has ju/ly comp>$ to ! seats ( an amphi!atre4 ,! qu>tz rock mu/ h be5 q pa/y :5 x und]w5t su* rem>kable flexures )\t be+ %att]$ into fragm5ts4 ,z ! qu>tz ins5sibly passes into ! s&/one1 x seems probable t ! =m] owes its orig9 to ! s&/one hav+ be5 heat$ to su* a degree t x became viscid1 & ^u cool+ cry/alliz$4 ,:ile 9 ! s(t /ate x mu/ h be5 pu%$ up ?r\gh ! ov]ly+ b$s4 ,9 _m p>ts ( ! isl& ! bottoms ( ! valleys are cov]$ 9 an extraord9>y mann] by myriads ( great loose angul> fragm5ts ( ! qu>tz rock1 =m+ /reams ( /ones4 ,^! h be5 m5tion$ ) surprise by e voyag] s9ce ! "t ( ,p]nety4 ,! blocks are n wat]-worn1 _! angles be+ only a little blunt$2 !y v>y 9 size f "o or two feet 9 diamet] to t51 or ev5 m ?an tw5ty times z mu*4 ,!y are n ?r[n toge!r into irregul> piles1 b are spread out into level %eets or great /reams4 ,x is n possible to asc]ta9 _! ?ickness1 b ! wat] ( small /reamlets c be he>d trickl+ ?r\gh ! /ones _m feet bel[ ! surface4 ,! actual dep? is probably great1 because ! crevices betwe5 ! l[] fragm5ts mu/ long ago h be5 fill$ up ) s&4 ,! wid? ( ^! %eets ( /ones v>i$ f a few hundr$ feet to a mile2 b ! peaty soil daily encroa*es on ! bord]s1 & ev5 =ms islets :]ev] a few fragm5ts happ5 to lie close toge!r4 ,9 a valley s\? ( ,b]keley ,s\nd1 :i* "s ( our p>ty call$ ! great valley ( fragm5ts1 x 0 necess>y to cross an un9t]rupt$ b& half a mile wide1 by jump+ f "o po9t$ /one to ano!r4 ,s l>ge 7 ! fragm5ts1 t be+ ov]tak5 by a %[] ( ra91 ,i readily f\nd %elt] b5ea? "o ( !m4 ,_! little incl9ation is ! mo/ rem>kable circum/ance 9 ^! /reams ( /ones4 ,on ! hill-sides ,i h se5 !m slop+ at an angle ( t5 degrees ) ! horizon2 b 9 "s ( ! level1 broad-bottom$ valleys1 ! incl9ation is only j suffici5t to be cle>ly p]ceiv$4 ,on s rugg$ a surface !re 0 no means ( measur+ ! angle1 b to give a common illu/ration1 ,i may say t ! slope w\ld n h *eck$ ! spe$ ( an ,engli% mail-coa*4 ,9 "s places1 a cont9u\s /ream ( ^! fragm5ts foll[$ up ! c\rse ( a valley1 & ev5 ext5d$ to ! v cre/ ( ! hill4 ,on ^! cre/s huge masses1 exce$+ 9 dim5sions any small build+1 seem$ to /& arre/$ 9 _! headlong c\rse3 !re1 also1 ! curv$ /rata ( ! ar*ways lay pil$ on ea* o!r1 l ! ru9s ( "s va/ & anci5t ca!dral4 ,9 endeav\r+ to describe ^! sc5es ( viol5ce "o is tempt$ to pass f "o simile to ano!r4 ,we may imag9e t /reams ( :ite lava _h fl[$ f _m p>ts ( ! m\nta9s into ! l[] c\ntry1 & t :5 solidifi$ !y _h be5 r5t by "s enorm\s convulsion into myriads ( fragm5ts4 ,! expression /reams ( /ones1 :i* imm$iately occurr$ to e "o1 conveys ! same idea4 ,^! sc5es are on ! spot r5d]$ m /rik+ by ! contra/ ( ! l[ r\nd$ =ms ( ! neighb\r+ hills4 ,i 0 int]e/$ by f9d+ on ! highe/ peak ( "o range 7ab\t #gjj feet above ! sea7 a great ar*$ fragm5t1 ly+ on its convex side1 or back d[nw>ds4 ,mu/ we believe t x 0 fairly pit*$ up 9 ! air1 & ?us turn$8 ,or1 ) m probability1 t !re exi/$ =m]ly a "p ( ! same range m elevat$ ?an ! po9t on :i* ?is monum5t ( a great convulsion ( nature n[ lies4 ,z ! fragm5ts 9 ! valleys are nei!r r\nd$ nor ! crevices fill$ up ) s&1 we mu/ inf] t ! p]iod ( viol5ce 0 subsequ5t to ! l& hav+ be5 rais$ above ! wat]s ( ! sea4 ,9 a transv]se section )9 ^! valleys1 ! bottom is ne>ly level1 or rises b v little t[>ds ei!r side4 ,h5ce ! fragm5ts appe> to h travell$ f ! head ( ! valley2 b 9 reality x seems m probable t !y h be5 hurl$ d[n f ! ne>e/ slopes2 & t s9ce1 by a vibratory movem5t ( ov]:elm+ =ce1 #i ! fragm5ts h be5 levell$ into "o cont9u\s %eet4 ,if dur+ ! e>?quake #aj :i* 9 #ahce ov]?rew ,concepcion1 9 ,*ile1 x 0 ?\ght wond]ful t small bodies %\ld h be5 pit*$ a few in*es f ! gr\nd1 :at mu/ we say to a movem5t :i* has caus$ fragm5ts _m tons 9 weight1 to move onw>ds l s mu* s& on a vibrat+ bo>d1 & f9d _! level8 ,i h se51 9 ! ,cordill]a ( ! ,&es1 ! evid5t m>ks :]e /up5d\s m\nta9s h be5 brok5 into pieces l s mu* ?9 cru/1 & ! /rata ?r[n ( _! v]tical edges2 b nev] did any sc5e1 l ^! /reams ( /ones1 s =cibly convey to my m9d ! idea ( a convulsion1 ( :i* 9 hi/orical records we might 9 va9 seek = any c\nt]p>t3 yet ! progress ( k w probably "s day give a simple explanation ( ?is ph5om5on1 z x already has ( ! s long-?\ght inexplicable transportal ( ! erratic b\ld]s1 :i* are /rew$ ov] ! pla9s ( ,europe4 ,i h little to rem>k on ! zoology ( ^! isl&s4 h be=e describ$ ! c>rion-vulture ( ,polyborus4 ,!re are "s o!r hawks1 owls1 & a few small l&-birds4 ,! wat]-f[l are p>ticul>ly num]\s1 & !y mu/ =m]ly1 f ! acc\nts ( ! old navigators1 h be5 mu* m s4 ,"o day ,i obs]v$ a cormorant play+ ) a fi% :i* x _h caught4 ,eight times successively ! bird let its prey g1 !n div$ aft] x1 & al?\gh 9 deep wat]1 br\ght x ea* "t to ! surface4 ,9 ! ,zoological ,g>d5s ,i h se5 ! ott] treat a fi% 9 ! same mann]1 mu* z a cat does a m\se3 ,i d n "k ( any o!r in/ance :]e dame ,nature appe>s s wilfully cruel4 ,ano!r day1 hav+ plac$ myself betwe5 a p5gu9 7,apt5odytes dem]sa7 & ! wat]1 ,i 0 mu* amus$ by wat*+ its habits4 ,x 0 a brave bird2 & till rea*+ ! sea1 x regul>ly f\ght & drove me backw>ds4 ,no?+ less ?an heavy bl[s w\ld h /opp$ him2 e in* he ga9$ he firmly kept1 /&+ close be=e me erect & det]m9$4 ,:5 ?us oppos$ he cont9ually roll$ 8 head f side to side1 9 a v odd mann]1 z if ! p[] ( di/9ct vision lay only 9 ! ant]ior & basal "p ( ea* eye4 ,?is bird is commonly call$ ! jackass p5gu91 f its habit1 :ile on %ore1 ( ?r[+ its head backw>ds1 & mak+ a l\d /range noise1 v l ! bray+ ( an ass2 b :ile at sea1 & undi/urb$1 its note is v deep & solemn1 & is (t5 he>d 9 ! night-"t4 ,9 div+1 its little w+s are us$ z f9s2 b on ! l&1 z front legs4 ,:5 crawl+1 x may be said on f\r legs1 ?r\gh ! tussocks or on ! side ( a grassy cliff1 x moves s v quickly t x might easily be mi/ak5 = a quadrup$4 ,:5 at sea & fi%+1 x comes to ! surface = ! purpose ( brea?+ ) su* a spr+1 & dives aga9 s in/antane\sly1 t ,i defy any "o at fir/ sight to be sure t x 0 n a fi% leap+ = sport4 ,two k9ds ( geese frequ5t ! ,falkl&s4 ,! upl& species 7,anas ,magellanica7 is common1 9 pairs & 9 small flocks1 ?r\gh\t ! isl&4 ,!y d n migrate1 b build on ! small outly+ islets4 ,?is is suppos$ to be f fe> ( ! foxes3 & x is p]haps f ! same cause t ^! birds1 ?\gh v tame by day1 are %y & wild 9 ! dusk ( ! ev5+4 ,!y live entirely on vegetable matt]4 ,! rock-goose1 s call$ f liv+ exclusively on ! sea-bea* 7,anas ant>ctica71 is common bo? "h & on ! we/ coa/ ( ,am]ica1 z f> nor? z ,*ile4 ,9 ! deep & retir$ *annels ( ,ti]ra del ,fuego1 ! sn[-:ite g&]1 inv>iably accompani$ by 8 d>k] consort1 & /&+ close by ea* o!r on "s di/ant rocky po9t1 is a common feature 9 ! l&scape4 ,9 ^! isl&s a great logg]head$ duck or goose 7,anas bra*ypt]a71 :i* sometimes weighs tw5ty-two p\nds1 is v abundant4 ,^! birds 7 9 =m] days call$1 f _! extraord9>y mann] ( paddl+ & spla%+ ^u ! wat]1 race-horses2 b n[ !y are nam$1 mu* m appropriately1 /eam]s4 ,_! w+s are too small & weak to all[ ( flight1 b by _! aid1 p>tly swimm+ & p>tly flapp+ ! surface ( ! wat]1 !y move v quickly4 ,! mann] is some?+ l t by :i* ! common h\se-duck escapes :5 pursu$ by a dog2 b ,i am ne>ly sure t ! /eam] moves its w+s alt]nately1 in/ead ( bo? toge!r1 z 9 o!r birds4 ,^! clumsy1 logg]head$ ducks make su* a noise & spla%+1 t ! effect is exce$+ly curi\s4 ,?us we f9d 9 ,s\? ,am]ica ?ree birds :i* use _! w+s = o!r purposes besides flight2 ! p5gu9s z f9s1 ! /eam] z paddles1 & ! o/ri* z sails3 & ! ,apt]yz ( ,new ,zeal&1 z well z its gigantic ext9ct prototype ! ,de9ornis1 possess only rudim5t>y repres5tatives ( w+s4 ,! /eam] is able to dive only to a v %ort di/ance4 ,x fe$s entirely on %ell-fi% f ! kelp & tidal rocks3 h5ce ! beak & head1 = ! purpose ( break+ !m1 are surpris+ly heavy & /rong3 ! head is s /rong t ,i h sc>cely be5 able to fracture x ) my geological hamm]2 & all our sportsm5 soon discov]$ h[ t5aci\s ^! birds 7 ( life4 ,:5 9 ! ev5+ plum+ !mselves 9 a flock1 !y make ! same odd mixture ( s\nds :i* bull-frogs d )9 ! tropics4 ,9 ,ti]ra del ,fuego1 z well z 9 ! ,falkl& ,isl&s1 made _m obs]vations on ! l[] m>9e animals1 #aa b !y are ( little g5]al int]e/4 ,i w m5tion only "o class ( facts1 relat+ to c]ta9 zoophytes 9 ! m highly organiz$ division ( t class4 ,sev]al g5]a 7,flu/ra1 ,es*>a1 ,cell>ia1 ,crisia1 & o!rs7 agree 9 hav+ s+ul> moveable organs 7l ^? ( ,flu/ra avicul>ia1 f\nd 9 ! ,european seas7 atta*$ to _! cells4 ,! organ1 9 ! great] numb] ( cases1 v closely resembles ! head ( a vulture2 b ! l[] m&ible c be op5$ mu* wid] ?an 9 a real bird's beak4 ,! head itself possess$ consid]able p[]s ( movem5t1 by means ( a %ort neck4 ,9 "o zoophyte ! head itself 0 fix$1 b ! l[] jaw free3 9 ano!r x 0 replac$ by a triangul> hood1 ) beautifully-fitt$ trap-door1 :i* evid5tly answ]$ to ! l[] m&ible4 ,9 ! great] numb] ( species1 ea* cell 0 provid$ ) "o head1 b 9 o!rs ea* cell _h two4 ,! "y cells at ! end ( ! bran*es ( ^! corall9es conta9 q immature polypi1 yet ! vulture-head atta*$ to !m1 ?\gh small1 are 9 e respect p]fect ,:5 ! polypus 0 remov$ by a ne$le f any ( ! cells1 ^! organs did n appe> 9 ! lea/ affect$4 ,:5 "o ( ! vulture-l heads 0 cut (f f ! cell1 ! l[] m&ible reta9$ its p[] ( op5+ & clos+4 ,p]haps ! mo/ s+ul> "p ( _! /ructure is1 t :5 !re 7 m ?an two r[s ( cells on a bran*1 ! c5tral cells 7 furni%$ ) ^! app5dages1 ( only "o-f\r? ! size ( ! outside ones4 ,_! movem5ts v>i$ accord+ to ! species2 b 9 "s ,i nev] saw ! lea/ motion2 :ile o!rs1 ) ! l[] m&ible g5]ally wide op51 oscillat$ backw>ds & =w>ds at ! rate ( ab\t five seconds ea* turn1 o!rs mov$ rapidly & by />ts4 ,:5 t\*$ ) a ne$le1 ! beak g5]ally seiz$ ! po9t s firmly1 t ! :ole bran* might be %ak54 ,^! bodies h no relation :atev] ) ! production ( ! eggs or gemmules1 z !y are =m$ be=e ! "y polypi appe> 9 ! cells at ! end ( ! gr[+ bran*es2 z !y move indep5d5tly ( ! polypi1 & d n appe> to be 9 any way connect$ ) !m2 & z !y diff] 9 size on ! out] & inn] r[s ( cells1 ,i h little d\bt1 t 9 _! functions1 !y are relat$ r to ! horny axis ( ! bran*es ?an to ! polypi 9 ! cells4 ,! fle%y app5dage at ! l[] extremity ( ! sea-p5 7describ$ at ,bahia ,blanca7 also =ms "p ( ! zoophyte1 z a :ole1 9 ! same mann] z ! roots ( a tree =m "p ( ! :ole tree1 & n ( ! individual leaf or fl[]-buds4 ,9 ano!r elegant little corall9e 7,crisia871 ea* cell 0 furni%$ ) a long-too!d bri/le1 :i* _h ! p[] ( mov+ quickly4 ,ea* ( ^! bri/les & ea* ( ! vulture-l heads g5]ally mov$ q indep5d5tly ( ! o!rs1 b sometimes all on bo? sides ( a bran*1 sometimes only ^? on "o side1 mov$ toge!r co9/antane\sly1 sometimes ea* mov$ 9 regul> ord] "o aft] ano!r4 ,9 ^! actions we app>5tly behold z p]fect a transmission ( w 9 ! zoophyte1 ?\gh compos$ ( ?\s&s ( di/9ct polypi1 z 9 any s+le animal4 ,! case1 inde$1 is n diff]5t f t ( ! sea-p5s1 :i*1 :5 t\*$1 drew !mselves into ! s& on ! coa/ ( ,bahia ,blanca4 ,i w /ate "o o!r in/ance ( uni=m action1 ?\gh ( a v diff]5t nature1 9 a zoophyte closely alli$ to ,clytia1 & !re=e v simply organiz$4 ,hav+ kept a l>ge tuft ( x 9 a bas9 ( salt-wat]1 :5 x 0 d>k ,i f\nd t z (t5 z ,i rubb$ any "p ( a bran*1 ! :ole became /rongly phosphoresc5t ) a gre5 light3 ,i d n ?9k ,i ev] saw any object m beautifully s4 ,b ! rem>kable circum/ance 01 t ! fla%es ( light always proce$$ up ! bran*es1 f ! base t[>ds ! extremities4 ,! exam9ation ( ^! comp\nd animals 0 always v int]e/+ to me4 ,:at c be m rem>kable t to see a plant-l body produc+ an egg1 capable ( swimm+ ab\t & ( *oos+ a prop] place to adh]e to1 :i* !n spr\ts into bran*es1 ea* cr[d$ ) innum]able di/9ct animals1 (t5 ( complicat$ organizations4 ,! bran*es1 moreov]1 z we h j se51 sometimes possess organs capable ( movem5t & indep5d5t ( ! polypi4 ,surpris+ z ?is union ( sep>ate individuals 9 common /ock mu/ always appe>1 e tree displays ! same fact1 = buds mu/ be consid]$ z individual plants4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 natural to consid] a polypus1 furni%$ ) a m\?1 inte/9es1 & o!r organs1 z a di/9ct individual1 :]eas ! individuality ( a leaf-bud is n easily realis$1 s t ! union ( sep>ate individuals 9 a common body is m /rik+ 9 a corall9e ?an 9 a tree4 ,our conception ( a comp\nd animal1 :]e 9 "s respects ! individuality ( ea* is n complet$1 may be aid$1 by reflect+ on ! production ( two di/9ct creatures by bisect+ a s+le "o ) a knife1 or :]e ,nature h]self p]=ms ! task ( bisection4 ,we may consid] ! polypi 9 a zoophyte1 or ! buds 9 a tree1 z cases :]e ! division ( ! individual has n be5 completely effect$4 ,c]ta9ly 9 ! case ( trees1 & judg+ f analogy 9 t ( corall9es1 ! individuals propagat$ by buds seem m intimately relat$ to ea* o!r1 ?an eggs or se$s are to _! p>5ts4 ,x seems n[ pretty well e/abli%$ t plants propagat$ by buds all p>take ( a common duration ( life2 & x is famili> to e "o1 :at s+ul> & num]\s peculi>ities are transmitt$ ) c]ta9ty1 by buds1 lay]s1 & grafts1 :i* by sem9al propagation nev] or only casually reappe>4 #a ,! dess]ts ( ,syria are *>act]iz$1 accord+ to ,volney 7tom4 i4 p4 #cea71 by woody bu%es1 num]\s rats1 gazelles & h>es4 ,9 ! l&scape ( ,patagonia1 ! guanaco replaces ! gazelle1 & ! ag\ti ! h>e4 #b ,i notic$ t sev]al h\rs be=e any "o ( ! condors di$1 all ! lice1 ) :i* x 0 infe/$1 crawl$ to ! outside fea!rs4 ,i 0 assur$ t ?is always happ5s4 #c ,london's ,magaz9e ( ,nat4 ,hi/41 vol4 vii4 #d ,f acc\nts publi%$ s9ce our voyage1 & m especially f sev]al int]e/+ lett]s f ,capt4 ,sulivan1 ,r4 ,n41 employ$ on ! survey1 x appe>s t we took an exagg]at$ view ( ! badness ( ! climate on ^! isl&s4 ,b :5 ,i reflect on ! almo/ univ]sal cov]+ ( peat1 & on ! fact ( :eat seldom rip5+ "h1 ,i c h>dly believe t ! climate 9 summ] is s f9e & dry z x has lately be5 repres5t$4 #e ,lesson's ,zoology ( ! ,voyage ( ! ,coquille1 tom4 i4 p4 #afh4 ,all ! e>ly voyag]s1 & especially ,b\ga9ville1 di/9ctly /ate t ! wolf-l fox 0 ! only native animal on ! isl&4 ,! di/9ction ( ! rabbit z a species1 is tak5 f peculi>ities 9 ! fur1 f ! %ape ( ! head1 & f ! %ortness ( ! e>s4 ,i may "h obs]ve t ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! ,iri% & ,engli% h>e re/s ^u ne>ly simil> *>act]s1 only m /rongly m>k$4 #f ,i h reason1 h[ev]1 to suspect t !re is a field-m\se4 ,! common ,european rat & m\se h roam$ f> f ! habitations ( ! settl]s4 ,! common hog has also run wild on "o islet2 all are ( a black col\r3 ! bo>s are v fi]ce1 & h great trunks4 #g ,! culpeu is ! ,canis ,magellanicus br\ght home by ,capta9 ,k+ f ! ,/rait ( ,magellan4 ,x is common 9 ,*ile4 #h ,p]nety1 ,voyage aux ,isles ,mal\9es1 p4 #ebf4 #i ,n\s n'avons pas ete mo9s saisis d'etonnem5t a la vue de l'innombrable quantite de pi]res de t\ts gr&eurs1 b\lev]sees les unes sur les autres1 et cep5d5t rangees1 comme si elles avoi5t ete amoncelees negligemm5t p\r remplir des rav9s4 ,on ne se lassoit pas d'admir] les effets prodigieux de la nature4--,p]nety1 p4 #ebf4 #aj ,an inhabitant ( ,m5doza1 & h5ce well capable ( judg+1 assur$ me t1 dur+ ! sev]al ye>s he _h resid$ on ^! isl&s1 he _h nev] felt ! slighte/ %ock ( an e>?quake4 #aa ,i 0 surpris$ to f9d1 on c\nt+ ! eggs ( a l>ge :ite ,doris 7?is sea-slug 0 ?ree & a half in*es long71 h[ extraord9>ily num]\s !y 74 ,f two to five eggs 7ea* ?ree-?\s&?s ( an in* 9 diamet]7 7 conta9$ 9 sph]ical little case4 ,^! 7 arrang$ two deep 9 transv]se r[s =m+ a ribbon4 ,! ribbon adh]$ by its edge to ! rock 9 an oval spire4 ,"o :i* ,i f\nd1 measur$ ne>ly tw5ty in*es 9 l5g? & half 9 bread?4 ,by c\nt+ h[ _m balls 7 conta9$ 9 a t5? ( an in* 9 ! r[1 & h[ _m r[s 9 an equal l5g? ( ! ribbon1 on ! mo/ mod]ate computation !re 7 six hundr$ ?\s& eggs4 ,yet ?is ,doris 0 c]ta9ly n v common2 al?\gh ,i 0 (t5 se>*+ "u ! /ones1 ,i saw only sev5 individuals4 ,no fallacy is m common ) naturali/s1 ?an t ! numb]s ( an individual species dep5d on its p[]s ( propagation4 ,,*apt] ,x ,,ti]ra ,,del ,,fuego ,ti]ra del ,fuego1 fir/ arrival--,good ,success ,bay--,an ,acc\nt ( ! ,fuegians on bo>d--,int]view ,) ! ,savages--,sc5]y ( ! ,=e/s--,cape ,horn--,wigwam ,cove--,mis]able ,condition ( ! ,savages--,fam9es--,cannibals--,matricid e--,religi\s ,feel+s--,great ,gale--,beagle ,*annel--,ponsonby ,s\nd--,build ,wigwams & settle ! ,fuegians--,bifurcation ( ! ,beagle ,*annel--,glaci]s--,return to ! ,%ip--,second ,visit 9 ! ,%ip to ! ,settlem5t--,equality ( ,condition among/ ! ,natives4 ,,decemb] #ag?1 #ahcb4--;,hav+ n[ f9i%$ ) ,patagonia & ! ,falkl& ,isl&s1 ,i w describe our fir/ arrival 9 ,ti]ra del ,fuego4 ,a little aft] noon we d\bl$ ,cape ,/4 ,diego1 & ent]$ ! fam\s /rait ( ,le ,maire4 ,we kept close to ! ,fuegian %ore1 b ! outl9e ( ! rugg$1 inhospitable ,/at5l& 0 visible amid/ ! cl\ds4 ,9 ! aft]noon we an*or$ 9 ! ,bay ( ,good ,success4 ,:ile ent]+ we 7 salut$ 9 a mann] becom+ ! inhabitants ( ?is savage l&4 ,a gr\p ( ,fuegians p>tly conceal$ by ! entangl$ =e/1 7 p]*$ on a wild po9t ov]hang+ ! sea2 & z we pass$ by1 !y sprang up & wav+ _! tatt]$ cloaks s5t =? a l\d & sonor\s %\t4 ,! savages foll[$ ! %ip1 & j be=e d>k we saw _! fire1 & aga9 he>d _! wild cry4 ,! h>b\r consi/s ( a f9e piece ( wat] half surr\nd$ by l[ r\nd$ m\nta9s ( clay-slate1 :i* are cov]$ to ! wat]'s edge by "o d5se gloomy =e/4 ,a s+le glance at ! l&scape 0 suffici5t to %[ me h[ widely diff]5t x 0 f any?+ ,i _h ev] beheld4 ,at night x blew a gale ( w9d1 & heavy squalls f ! m\nta9s swept pa/ u4 ,x w\ld h be5 a bad "t out at sea1 & we1 z well z o!rs1 may call ?is ,good ,success ,bay4 ,9 ! morn+ ! ,capta9 s5t a p>ty to communicate ) ! ,fuegians4 ,:5 we came )9 hail1 "o ( ! f\r natives :o 7 pres5t advanc$ to receive u1 & began to %\t mo/ vehem5tly1 wi%+ to direct u :]e to l&4 ,:5 we 7 on %ore ! p>ty look$ r al>m$1 b cont9u$ talk+ & mak+ ge/ures ) great rapidity4 ,x 0 )\t exception ! mo/ curi\s & int]e/+ spectacle ,i ev] beheld3 ,i c\ld n h believ$ h[ wide 0 ! diff]5ce betwe5 savage & civiliz$ man3 x is great] ?an betwe5 a wild & dome/icat$ animal1 inasmu* z 9 man !re is a great] p[] ( improvem5t4 ,! *ief spokesman 0 old1 & appe>$ to be ! head ( ! family2 ! ?ree o!rs 7 p[]ful "y m51 ab\t six feet high4 ,! wom5 & *ildr5 _h be5 s5t away4 ,^! ,fuegians are a v diff]5t race f ! /unt$1 mis]able wret*es f>!r we/w>d2 & !y seem closely alli$ to ! fam\s ,patagonians ( ! ,/rait ( ,magellan4 ,_! only g>m5t consi/s ( a mantle made ( guanaco sk91 ) ! wool outside3 ?is !y we> j ?r[n ov] _! %\ld]s1 leav+ _! p]sons z (t5 expos$ z cov]$4 ,_! sk9 is ( a dirty copp]y-r$ col\r4 ,! old man _h a fillet ( :ite fea!rs ti$ r\nd 8 head1 :i* p>tly conf9$ 8 black1 co>se1 & entangl$ hair4 ,8 face 0 cross$ by two broad transv]se b>s2 "o1 pa9t$ bright r$1 rea*$ f e> to e> & includ$ ! upp] lip2 ! o!r1 :ite l *alk1 ext5d$ above & p>allel to ! fir/1 s t ev5 8 eyelids 7 ?us col\r$4 ,! o!r two m5 7 ornam5t$ by /reaks ( black p[d]1 made ( *>coal4 ,! p>ty altoge!r closely resembl$ ! devils :i* come on ! /age 9 plays l ,d] ,freis*utz4 ,_! v attitudes 7 abject1 & ! expression ( _! c\nt5ances di/ru/ful1 surpris$1 & />tl$4 ,aft] we _h pres5t$ !m ) "s sc>let clo?1 :i* !y imm$iately ti$ r\nd _! necks1 !y became good fri5ds4 ,?is 0 %[n by ! old man patt+ our brea/s1 & mak+ a *uckl+ k9d ( noise1 z p d :5 fe$+ *ick5s4 ,i walk$ ) ! old man1 & ?is demon/ration ( fri5d%ip 0 repeat$ sev]al times2 x 0 conclud$ by ?ree h>d slaps1 :i* 7 giv5 me on ! brea/ & back at ! same "t4 ,he !n b>$ 8 bosom = me to return ! complim5t1 :i* be+ done1 he seem$ highly pleas$4 ,! language ( ^! p1 accord+ to our notions1 sc>cely des]ves to be call$ articulate4 ,capta9 ,cook has comp>$ x to a man cle>+ 8 ?roat1 b c]ta9ly no ,european ev] cle>$ 8 ?roat ) s _m ho>se1 guttural1 & click+ s\nds4 ,!y are excell5t mimics3 z (t5 z we c\gh$ or yawn$1 or made any odd motion1 !y imm$iately imitat$ u4 ,"s ( our p>ty began to squ9t & look awry2 b "o ( ! "y ,fuegians 7^: :ole face 0 pa9t$ black1 except+ a :ite b& across 8 eyes7 succe$$ 9 mak+ f> m hide\s grimaces4 ,!y c\ld repeat ) p]fect correctness ea* ^w 9 any s5t5ce we address$ !m1 & !y rememb]$ su* words = "s "t4 ,yet we ,europeans all "k h[ difficult x is to di/+ui% ap>t ! s\nds 9 a =eign language4 ,:i* ( u1 = in/ance1 c\ld foll[ an ,am]ican ,indian ?r\gh a s5t5ce ( m ?an ?ree words8 ,all savages appe> to possess1 to an uncommon degree1 ?is p[] ( mimicry4 ,i 0 told1 almo/ 9 ! same words1 ( ! same ludicr\s habit among ! ,caffres2 ! ,au/ralians1 likewise1 h long be5 notori\s = be+ able to imitate & describe ! gait ( any man1 s t he may be recogniz$4 ,h[ c ?is faculty be expla9$8 is x a consequ5ce ( ! m practis$ habits ( p]ception & ke5] s5ses1 common to all m5 9 a savage /ate1 z comp>$ ) ^? long civiliz$8 ,:5 a song 0 /ruck up by our p>ty1 ,i ?\ght ! ,fuegians w\ld h fall5 d[n ) a/oni%m5t4 ,) equal surprise !y view$ our danc+2 b "o ( ! "y m51 :5 ask$1 _h no objection to a little waltz+4 ,little accu/om$ to ,europeans z !y appe>$ to be1 yet !y knew & dread$ our fire-arms2 no?+ w\ld tempt !m to take a gun 9 _! h&s4 ,!y begg$ = knives1 call+ !m by ! ,spani% ^w cu*illa4 ,!y expla9$ also :at !y want$1 by act+ z if !y _h a piece ( blubb] 9 _! m\?1 & !n pret5d+ to cut in/ead ( te> x4 ,i h n z yet notic$ ! ,fuegians :om we _h on bo>d4 ,dur+ ! =m] voyage ( ! ,adv5ture & ,beagle 9 #ahbf to #ahcj1 ,capta9 ,fitz ,roy seiz$ on a p>ty ( natives1 z ho/ages = ! loss ( a boat1 :i* _h be5 /ol51 to ! great jeop>dy ( a p>ty employ$ on ! survey2 & "s ( ^! natives1 z well z a *ild :om he b\ght = a pe>l-button1 he took ) him to ,engl&1 det]m9+ to educate !m & in/ruct !m 9 religion at 8 own exp5se4 ,to settle ^! natives 9 _! own c\ntry1 0 "o *ief inducem5t to ,capta9 ,fitz ,roy to und]take our pres5t voyage2 & be=e ! ,admiralty _h resolv$ to s5d out ?is exp$ition1 ,capta9 ,fitz ,roy _h g5]\sly *>t]$ a vessel1 & w\ld himself h tak5 !m back4 ,! natives 7 accompani$ by a mission>y1 ,r4 ,mat!ws2 ( :om & ( ! natives1 ,capta9 ,fitz ,roy has publi%$ a full & excell5t acc\nt4 ,two m51 "o ( :om di$ 9 ,engl& ( ! small-pox1 a boy & a little girl1 7 orig9ally tak52 & we _h n[ on bo>d1 ,york ,m9/]1 ,jemmy ,button 7^: "n expresses 8 pur*ase-money71 & ,fuegia ,basket4 ,york ,m9/] 0 a full-gr[n1 %ort1 ?ick1 p[]ful man3 8 disposition 0 res]v$1 taciturn1 morose1 & :5 excit$ viol5tly passionate2 8 affections 7 v /rong t[>ds a few fri5ds on bo>d2 8 intellect good4 ,jemmy ,button 0 a univ]sal fav\rite1 b likewise passionate2 ! expression ( 8 face at once %[$ 8 nice disposition4 ,he 0 m]ry & (t5 laugh$1 & 0 rem>kably sympa!tic ) any "o 9 pa93 :5 ! wat] 0 r\gh1 ,i 0 (t5 a little sea-sick1 & he us$ to come to me & say 9 a pla9tive voice1 ,poor1 poor fell[6 b ! notion1 aft] 8 aquatic life1 ( a man be+ sea-sick1 0 too ludicr\s1 & he 0 g5]ally oblig$ to turn on "o side to hide a smile or laugh1 & !n he w\ld repeat 8 ,poor1 poor fell[6 ,he 0 ( a patriotic disposition2 & he lik$ to praise 8 own tribe & c\ntry1 9 :i* he truly said !re 7 pl5ty ( trees1 & he abus$ all ! o!r tribes3 he /\tly decl>$ t !re 0 no ,devil 9 8 l&4 ,jemmy 0 %ort1 ?ick1 & fat1 b va9 ( 8 p]sonal appe>ance2 he us$ always to we> gloves1 8 hair 0 neatly cut1 & he 0 di/ress$ if 8 well-poli%$ %oes 7 dirti$4 ,he 0 fond ( admir+ himself 9 a look+ glass2 & a m]ry-fac$ little ,indian boy f ! ,rio ,negro1 :om we _h = "s mon?s on bo>d1 soon p]ceiv$ ?is1 & us$ to mock him3 ,jemmy1 :o 0 always r jeal\s ( ! att5tion paid to ?is little boy1 did n at all l ?is1 & us$ to say1 ) r a contemptu\s twi/ ( 8 head1 ,too mu* skyl>k4 ,x seems yet wond]ful to me1 :5 ,i ?9k ov] all 8 _m good qualities t he %\ld h be5 ( ! same race1 & d\btless p>tak5 ( ! same "*1 ) ! mis]able1 degrad$ savages :om we fir/ met "h4 ,la/ly1 ,fuegia ,basket 0 a nice1 mode/1 res]v$ "y girl1 ) a r pleas+ b sometimes sull5 expression1 & v quick 9 le>n+ any?+1 especially languages4 ,?is %e %[$ 9 pick+ up "s ,portuguese & ,spani%1 :5 left on %ore = only a %ort "t at ,rio de ,janeiro & ,monte ,video1 & 9 h] k ( ,engli%4 ,york ,m9/] 0 v jeal\s ( any att5tion paid to h]2 = x 0 cle> he det]m9$ to m>ry h] z soon z !y 7 settl$ on %ore4 ,al?\gh all ?ree c\ld bo? speak & und]/& a good deal ( ,engli%1 x 0 s+ul>ly difficult to obta9 mu* in=mation f !m1 conc]n+ ! habits ( _! c\ntrym52 ?is 0 p>tly ow+ to _! app>5t difficulty 9 und]/&+ ! simple/ alt]native4 ,e "o accu/om$ to v "y *ildr51 kn[s h[ seldom "o c get an answ] ev5 to s simple a "q z :e!r a ?+ is black or :ite2 ! idea ( black or :ite seems alt]nately to fill _! m9ds4 ,s x 0 ) ^! ,fuegians1 & h5ce x 0 g5]ally impossible to f9d out1 by cross que/ion+1 :e!r "o _h rightly und]/ood any?+ :i* !y _h ass]t$4 ,_! sight 0 rem>kably acute2 x is well kn[n t sailors1 f long practice1 c make out a di/ant object mu* bett] ?an a l&sman2 b bo? ,york & ,jemmy 7 mu* sup]ior to any sailor on bo>d3 sev]al times !y h decl>$ :at "s di/ant object has be51 & ?\gh d\bt$ by e "o1 !y h prov$ "r1 :5 x has be5 exam9$ ?r\gh a telescope4 ,!y 7 q consci\s ( ?is p[]2 & ,jemmy1 :5 he _h any little qu>rel ) ! (fic] on wat*1 w\ld say1 ,me see %ip1 me no tell4 ,x 0 int]e/+ to wat* ! conduct ( ! savages1 :5 we l&$1 t[>ds ,jemmy ,button3 !y imm$iately p]ceiv$ ! diff]5ce betwe5 him & ourselves1 & held mu* conv]sation "o ) ano!r on ! subject4 ,! old man address$ a long h>angue to ,jemmy1 :i* x seems 0 to invite him to /ay ) !m4 ,b ,jemmy und]/ood v little ( _! language1 & 01 moreov]1 ?or\ghly a%am$ ( 8 c\ntrym54 ,:5 ,york ,m9/] aft]w>ds came on %ore1 !y notic$ him 9 ! same way1 & told him he ought to %ave2 yet he _h n tw5ty dw>f hairs on 8 face1 :il/ we all wore our untrimm$ be>ds4 ,!y exam9$ ! col\r ( 8 sk91 & comp>$ x ) ours4 ,"o ( our arms be+ b>$1 !y express$ ! livelie/ surprise & admiration at its :it5ess1 j 9 ! same way 9 :i* ,i h se5 ! ourang\tang d at ! ,zoological ,g>d5s4 ,we ?\ght t !y mi/ook two or ?ree ( ! (fic]s1 :o 7 r %ort] & fair]1 ?\gh adorn$ ) l>ge be>ds1 = ! ladies ( our p>ty4 ,! talle/ among/ ! ,fuegians 0 evid5tly mu* pleas$ at 8 height be+ notic$4 ,:5 plac$ back to back ) ! talle/ ( ! boat's crew1 he tri$ 8 be/ to edge on high] gr\nd1 & to /& on tiptoe4 ,he op5$ 8 m\? to %[ 8 tee?1 & turn$ 8 face = a side view2 & all ?is 0 done ) su* alacrity1 t ,i d>e say he ?\ght himself ! h&some/ man 9 ,ti]ra del ,fuego4 ,aft] our fir/ feel+ ( grave a/oni%m5t 0 ov]1 no?+ c\ld be m ludicr\s ?an ! odd mixture ( surprise & imitation :i* ^! savages e mom5t exhibit$4 ,! next day ,i attempt$ to p5etrate "s way into ! c\ntry4 ,ti]ra del ,fuego may be describ$ z a m\nta9\s l&1 p>tly subm]g$ 9 ! sea1 s t deep inlets & bays occupy ! place :]e valleys %\ld exi/4 ,! m\nta9 sides1 except on ! expos$ we/]n coa/1 are cov]$ f ! wat]'s edge upw>ds by "o great =e/4 ,! trees rea* to an elevation ( betwe5 #ajjj & #aejj feet1 & are succe$$ by a b& ( peat1 ) m9ute alp9e plants2 & ?is aga9 is succe$$ by ! l9e ( p]petual sn[1 :i*1 accord+ to ,capta9 ,k+1 9 ! ,/rait ( ,magellan desc5ds to betwe5 #cjjj & #djjj feet4 ,to f9d an acre ( level l& 9 any "p ( ! c\ntry is mo/ r>e4 ,i recollect only "o little flat piece ne> ,port ,fam9e1 & ano!r ( r l>g] ext5t ne> ,go]ee ,road4 ,9 bo? places1 & ev]y:]e else1 ! surface is cov]$ by a ?ick b$ ( swampy peat4 ,ev5 )9 ! =e/1 ! gr\nd is conceal$ by a mass ( sl[ly putrefy+ vegetable matt]1 :i*1 f be+ soak$ ) wat]1 yields to ! foot4 ,f9d+ x ne>ly hopeless to pu% my way ?r\gh ! wood1 ,i foll[$ ! c\rse ( a m\nta9 torr5t4 ,at fir/1 f ! wat]falls & numb] ( dead trees1 ,i c\ld h>dly crawl along2 b ! b$ ( ! /ream soon became a little m op51 f ! floods hav+ swept ! sides4 ,i cont9u$ sl[ly to advance = an h\r along ! brok5 & rocky banks1 & 0 amply repaid by ! gr&eur ( ! sc5e4 ,! gloomy dep? ( ! rav9e well accord$ ) ! univ]sal signs ( viol5ce4 ,on e side 7 ly+ irregul> masses ( rock & torn-up trees2 o!r trees1 ?\gh /ill erect1 7 decay$ to ! he>t & ready to fall4 ,! entangl$ mass ( ! ?riv+ & ! fall5 rem9d$ me ( ! =e/s )9 ! tropics--yet !re 0 a diff]5ce3 = 9 ^! /ill solitudes1 ,dea?1 in/ead ( ,life1 seem$ ! pr$om9ant _s4 ,i foll[$ ! wat]-c\rse till ,i came to a spot :]e a great slip _h cle>$ a /raight space d[n ! m\nta9 side4 ,by ?is road ,i asc5d$ to a consid]able elevation1 & obta9$ a good view ( ! surr\nd+ woods4 ,! trees all belong to "o k9d1 ! ,fagus betuloides2 = ! numb] ( ! o!r species ( ,fagus & ( ! ,w9t]'s ,b>k1 is q inconsid]able4 ,?is bee* keeps its leaves ?r\gh\t ! ye>2 b its foliage is ( a peculi> br[ni%-gre5 col\r1 ) a t+e ( yell[4 ,z ! :ole l&scape is ?us col\r$1 x has a sombre1 dull appe>ance2 nor is x (t5 enliv5$ by ! rays ( ! sun4 ,decemb] #bj?4--,"o side ( ! h>b\r is =m$ by a hill ab\t #aejj feet high1 :i* ,capta9 ,fitz ,roy has call$ aft] ,sir ,j4 ,banks1 9 commemoration ( 8 disa/r\s excursion1 :i* prov$ fatal to two m5 ( 8 p>ty1 & ne>ly s to ,dr4 ,sol&]4 ,! sn[-/orm1 :i* 0 ! cause ( _! mis=tune1 happ5$ 9 ! middle ( ,janu>y1 correspond+ to our ,july1 & 9 ! latitude ( ,durham6 ,i 0 anxi\s to rea* ! summit ( ?is m\nta9 to collect alp9e plants2 = fl[]s ( any k9d 9 ! l[] p>ts are few 9 numb]4 ,we foll[$ ! same wat]-c\rse z on ! previ\s day1 till x dw9dl$ away1 & we 7 !n compell$ to crawl bl9dly among ! trees4 ,^!1 f ! effects ( ! elevation & ( ! impetu\s w9ds1 7 l[1 ?ick & crook$4 ,at l5g? we rea*$ t :i* f a di/ance appe>$ l a c>pet ( f9e gre5 turf1 b :i*1 to our vexation1 turn$ out to be a compact mass ( little bee*-trees ab\t f\r or five feet high4 ,!y 7 z ?ick toge!r z box 9 ! bord] ( a g>d51 & we 7 oblig$ to /ruggle ov] ! flat b trea*]\s surface4 ,aft] a little m tr\ble we ga9$ ! peat1 & !n ! b>e slate rock4 ,a ridge connect$ ?is hill ) ano!r1 di/ant "s miles1 & m l(ty1 s t pat*es ( sn[ 7 ly+ on x4 ,z ! day 0 n f> advanc$1 ,i det]m9$ to walk !re & collect plants along ! road4 ,x w\ld h be5 v h>d "w1 _h x n be5 = a well-beat5 & /raight pa? made by ! guanacos2 = ^! animals1 l %eep1 always foll[ ! same l9e4 ,:5 we rea*$ ! hill we f\nd x ! highe/ 9 ! imm$iate neighb\rhood1 & ! wat]s fl[$ to ! sea 9 opposite directions4 ,we obta9$ a wide view ov] ! surr\nd+ c\ntry3 to ! nor? a swampy moorl& ext5d$1 b to ! s\? we _h a sc5e ( savage magnific5ce1 well becom+ ,ti]ra del ,fuego4 ,!re 0 a degree ( my/]i\s gr&eur 9 m\nta9 beh9d m\nta91 ) ! deep int]v5+ valleys1 all cov]$ by "o ?ick1 dusky mass ( =e/4 ,! atmosph]e1 likewise1 9 ?is climate1 :]e gale succe$s gale1 ) ra91 hail1 & sleet1 seems black] ?an any:]e else4 ,9 ! ,/rait ( ,magellan look+ due s\?w>d f ,port ,fam9e1 ! di/ant *annels betwe5 ! m\nta9s appe>$ f _! gloom9ess to lead beyond ! conf9es ( ?is _w4 ,decemb] #ba/4--,! ,beagle got "u way3 & on ! succe$+ day1 fav\r$ to an uncommon degree by a f9e ea/]ly breeze1 we clos$ 9 ) ! ,b>nevelts1 & runn+ pa/ ,cape ,deceit ) its /ony peaks1 ab\t ?ree o'clock d\bl$ ! wea!r-beat5 ,cape ,horn4 ,! ev5+ 0 calm & bright1 & we enjoy$ a f9e view ( ! surr\nd+ isles4 ,cape ,horn1 h[ev]1 dem&$ 8 tribute1 & be=e night s5t u a gale ( w9d directly 9 our tee?4 ,we /ood out to sea1 & on ! second day aga9 made ! l&1 :5 we saw on our wea!r-b[ ?is notori\s promontory 9 its prop] =m--veil$ 9 a mi/1 & its dim outl9e surr\nd$ by a /orm ( w9d & wat]4 ,great black cl\ds 7 roll+ across ! heav5s1 & squalls ( ra91 ) hail1 swept by u ) su* extreme viol5ce1 t ! ,capta9 det]m9$ to run into ,wigwam ,cove4 ,?is is a snug little h>b\r1 n f> f ,cape ,horn2 & "h1 at ,*ri/mas-eve1 we an*or$ 9 smoo? wat]4 ,! only ?+ :i* rem9d$ u ( ! gale outside1 0 e n[ & !n a puff f ! m\nta9s1 :i* made ! %ip surge at h] an*ors4 ,decemb] #be?4--,close by ! ,cove1 a po9t$ hill1 call$ ,kat]'s ,peak1 rises to ! height ( #agjj feet4 ,! surr\nd+ isl&s all consi/ ( conical masses ( gre5/one1 associat$ sometimes ) less regul> hills ( bak$ & alt]$ clay-slate4 ,?is "p ( ,ti]ra del ,fuego may be consid]$ z ! extremity ( ! subm]g$ *a9 ( m\nta9s already allud$ to4 ,! cove takes its "n ( ,wigwam f "s ( ! ,fuegian habitations2 b e bay 9 ! neighb\rhood might be s call$ ) equal propriety4 ,! inhabitants1 liv+ *iefly ^u %ell-fi%1 are oblig$ con/antly to *ange _! place ( resid5ce2 b !y return at int]vals to ! same spots1 z is evid5t f ! piles ( old %ells1 :i* mu/ (t5 am\nt to _m tons 9 freight4 ,^! heaps c be di/+ui%$ at a long di/ance by ! bright gre5 col\r ( c]ta9 plants1 :i* inv>iably gr[ on !m4 ,among ^! may be enum]at$ ! wild cel]y & scurvy grass1 two v s]viceable plants1 ! use ( :i* has n be5 discov]$ by ! natives4 ,! ,fuegian wigwam resembles1 9 size & dim5sions1 a haycock4 ,x m]ely consi/s ( a few brok5 bran*es /uck 9 ! gr\nd1 & v imp]fectly ?at*$ on "o side ) a few tufts ( grass & ru%es4 ,! :ole _c be ! "w ( an h\r1 & x is only us$ = a few days4 ,at ,go]ee ,roads ,i saw a place :]e "o ( ^! nak$ m5 _h slept1 :i* absolutely (f]$ no m cov] ?an ! =m ( a h>e4 ,! man 0 evid5tly liv+ by himself1 & ,york ,m9/] said he 0 v bad man1 & t probably he _h /ol5 some?+4 ,on ! we/ coa/1 h[ev]1 ! wigwams are r bett]1 = !y are cov]$ ) seal-sk9s4 ,we 7 deta9$ "h sev]al days by ! bad wea!r4 ,! climate is c]ta9ly wret*$3 ! summ] sol/ice 0 n[ pass$1 yet e day sn[ fell on ! hills1 & 9 ! valleys !re 0 ra91 accompani$ by sleet4 ,! !rmomet] g5]ally /ood ab\t #de degs41 b 9 ! night fell to #ch or #dj degs4 ,f ! damp & boi/]\s /ate ( ! atmosph]e1 n *e]$ by a gleam ( sun%9e1 "o fanci$ ! climate ev5 worse ?an x really 04 ,:ile go+ "o day on %ore ne> ,wolla/on ,isl&1 we pull$ alongside a canoe ) six ,fuegians4 ,^! 7 ! mo/ abject & mis]able creatures ,i any:]e beheld4 ,on ! ea/ coa/ ! natives1 z we h se51 h guanaco cloaks1 & on ! we/ !y possess seal-sk9s4 ,among/ ^! c5tral tribes ! m5 g5]ally h an ott]-sk91 or "s small scrap ab\t z l>ge z a pocket-h&k]*ief1 :i* is b>ely suffici5t to cov] _! backs z l[ d[n z _! lo9s4 ,x is lac$ across ! brea/ by /r+s1 & accord+ z ! w9d bl[s1 x is %ift$ f side to side4 ,b ^! ,fuegians 9 ! canoe 7 q nak$1 & ev5 "o full-gr[n woman 0 absolutely s4 ,x 0 ra9+ heavily1 & ! fre% wat]1 toge!r ) ! spray1 trickl$ d[n h] body4 ,9 ano!r h>b\r n f> di/ant1 a woman1 :o 0 suckl+ a rec5tly-born *ild1 came "o day alongside ! vessel1 & rema9$ !re out ( m]e curiosity1 :il/ ! sleet fell & ?aw$ on h] nak$ bosom1 & on ! sk9 ( h] nak$ baby6 ,^! poor wret*es 7 /unt$ 9 _! gr[?1 _! hide\s faces b$aub$ ) :ite pa9t1 _! sk9s fil?y & greasy1 _! hair entangl$1 _! voices discordant1 & _! ge/ures viol5t4 ,view+ su* m51 "o c h>dly make "o's self believe t !y are fell[-creatures1 & inhabitants ( ! same _w4 ,x is a common subject ( conjecture :at pleasure 9 life "s ( ! l[] animals c enjoy3 h[ mu* m reasonably ! same "q may be ask$ ) respect to ^! b>b>ians6 ,at night1 five or six human be+s1 nak$ & sc>cely protect$ f ! w9d & ra9 ( ?is tempe/u\s climate1 sleep on ! wet gr\nd coil$ up l animals4 ,:5ev] x is l[ wat]1 w9t] or summ]1 night or day1 !y mu/ rise to pick %ell-fi% f ! rocks2 & ! wom5 ei!r dive to collect sea-eggs1 or sit pati5tly 9 _! canoes1 & ) a bait$ hair-l9e )\t any hook1 j]k out little fi%4 ,if a seal is kill$1 or ! float+ c>cass ( a putrid :ale is discov]$1 x is a fea/2 & su* mis]able food is assi/$ by a few ta/eless b]ries & fungi4 ,!y (t5 suff] f fam9e3 ,i he>d ,mr4 ,l[1 a seal+-ma/] intimately acqua9t$ ) ! natives ( ?is c\ntry1 give a curi\s acc\nt ( ! /ate ( a p>ty ( "o hundr$ & fifty natives on ! we/ coa/1 :o 7 v ?9 & 9 great di/ress4 ,a succession ( gales prev5t$ ! wom5 f gett+ %ell-fi% on ! rocks1 & !y c\ld n g out 9 _! canoes to cat* seal4 ,a small p>ty ( ^! m5 "o morn+ set out1 & ! o!r ,indians expla9$ to him1 t !y 7 go+ a f\r days' j\rney = food3 on _! return1 ,l[ w5t to meet !m1 & he f\nd !m excessively tir$1 ea* man c>ry+ a great squ>e piece ( putrid :ale's-blubb] ) a hole 9 ! middle1 ?r\gh :i* !y put _! heads1 l ! ,gau*os d ?r\gh _! pon*os or cloaks4 ,z soon z ! blubb] 0 br\ght into a wigwam1 an old man cut (f ?9 slices1 & mutt]+ ov] !m1 broil$ !m = a m9ute1 & di/ribut$ !m to ! fami%$ p>ty1 :o dur+ ?is "t pres]v$ a pr(\nd sil5ce4 ,mr4 ,l[ believes t :5ev] a :ale is ca/ on %ore1 ! natives bury l>ge pieces ( x 9 ! s&1 z a res\rce 9 "t ( fam9e2 & a native boy1 :om he _h on bo>d1 once f\nd a /ock ?us buri$4 ,! diff]5t tribes :5 at w> are cannibals4 ,f ! concurr5t1 b q indep5d5t evid5ce ( ! boy tak5 by ,mr4 ,l[1 & ( ,jemmy ,button1 x is c]ta9ly true1 t :5 press$ 9 w9t] by hung]1 !y kill & dev\r _! old wom5 be=e !y kill _! dogs3 ! boy1 be+ ask$ by ,mr4 ,l[ :y !y did ?is1 answ]$1 ,doggies cat* ott]s1 old wom5 no4 ,?is boy describ$ ! mann] 9 :i* !y are kill$ by be+ held ov] smoke & ?us *ok$2 he imitat$ _! screams z a joke1 & describ$ ! p>ts ( _! bodies :i* are consid]$ be/ to eat4 ,horrid z su* a dea? by ! h&s ( _! fri5ds & relatives mu/ be1 ! fe>s ( ! old wom51 :5 hung] beg9s to press1 are m pa9ful to ?9k (2 we are told t !y !n (t5 run away into ! m\nta9s1 b t !y are pursu$ by ! m5 & br\ght back to ! slaught]-h\se at _! own firesides6 ,capta9 ,fitz ,roy c\ld nev] asc]ta9 t ! ,fuegians h any di/9ct belief 9 a future life4 ,!y sometimes bury _! dead 9 caves1 & sometimes 9 ! m\nta9 =e/s2 we d n "k :at c]emonies !y p]=m4 ,jemmy ,button w\ld n eat l&-birds1 because eat dead m53 !y are unwill+ ev5 to m5tion _! dead fri5ds4 ,we h no reason to believe t !y p]=m any sort ( religi\s wor%ip2 ?\gh p]haps ! mutt]+ ( ! old man be=e he di/ribut$ ! putrid blubb] to 8 fami%$ p>ty1 may be ( ?is nature4 ,ea* family or tribe has a wiz>d or conjur+ doctor1 ^: (fice we c\ld nev] cle>ly asc]ta94 ,jemmy believ$ 9 dreams1 ?\gh n1 z ,i h said1 9 ! devil3 ,i d n ?9k t our ,fuegians 7 mu* m sup]/iti\s ?an "s ( ! sailors2 = an old qu>t]ma/] firmly believ$ t ! successive heavy gales1 :i* we enc\nt]$ (f ,cape ,horn1 7 caus$ by our hav+ ! ,fuegians on bo>d4 ,! ne>e/ approa* to a religi\s feel+ :i* ,i he>d (1 0 %[n by ,york ,m9/]1 :o1 :5 ,mr4 ,bynoe %ot "s v "y duckl+s z specim5s1 decl>$ 9 ! mo/ solemn mann]1 ,oh1 ,mr4 ,bynoe1 mu* ra91 sn[1 bl[ mu*4 ,?is 0 evid5tly a retributive puni%m5t = wa/+ human food4 ,9 a wild & excit$ mann] he also relat$1 t 8 bro!r1 "o day :il/ return+ to pick up "s dead birds :i* he _h left on ! coa/1 obs]v$ "s fea!rs bl[n by ! w9d4 ,8 bro!r said 7,york imitat+ 8 mann]71 ,:at t8 & crawl+ onw>ds1 he peep$ ov] ! cliff1 & saw wild man pick+ 8 birds2 he crawl$ a little ne>]1 & !n hurl$ d[n a great /one & kill$ him4 ,york decl>$ = a long "t aft]w>ds /orms rag$1 & mu* ra9 & sn[ fell4 ,z f> z we c\ld make out1 he seem$ to consid] ! elem5ts !mselves z ! av5g+ ag5ts3 x is evid5t 9 ?is case1 h[ naturally1 9 a race a little m advanc$ 9 culture1 ! elem5ts w\ld become p]sonifi$4 ,:at ! bad wild m5 71 has always appe>$ to me mo/ my/]i\s3 f :at ,york said1 :5 we f\nd ! place l ! =m ( a h>e1 :]e a s+le man _h slept ! night be=e1 ,i %\ld h ?\ght t !y 7 ?ieves :o _h be5 driv5 f _! tribes2 b o!r obscure spee*es made me d\bt ?is2 ,i h sometimes imag9$ t ! mo/ probable explanation 0 t !y 7 insane4 ,! diff]5t tribes h no gov]nm5t or *ief2 yet ea* is surr\nd$ by o!r ho/ile tribes1 speak+ diff]5t dialects1 & sep>at$ f ea* o!r only by a des]t$ bord] or neutral t]ritory3 ! cause ( _! w>f>e appe>s to be ! means ( subsi/5ce4 ,_! c\ntry is a brok5 mass ( wild rocks1 l(ty hills1 & useless =e/s3 & ^! are view$ ?r\gh mi/s & endless /orms4 ,! habitable l& is r$uc$ to ! /ones on ! bea*2 9 se>* ( food !y are compell$ unceas+ly to w&] f spot to spot1 & s /eep is ! coa/1 t !y c only move ab\t 9 _! wret*$ canoes4 ,!y _c "k ! feel+ ( hav+ a home1 & /ill less t ( dome/ic affection2 = ! husb& is to ! wife a brutal ma/] to a labori\s slave4 ,0 a m horrid de$ ev] p]petrat$1 ?an t witness$ on ! we/ coa/ by ,byron1 :o saw a wret*$ "m pick up h] ble$+ dy+ infant-boy1 :om h] husb& _h m]cilessly da%$ on ! /ones = dropp+ a basket ( sea-eggs6 ,h[ little c ! high] p[]s ( ! m9d be br\ght into play3 :at is !re = imag9ation to picture1 = reason to comp>e1 or judgm5t to decide ^u8 to knock a limpet f ! rock does n require ev5 cunn+1 t l[e/ p[] ( ! m9d4 ,_! skill 9 "s respects may be comp>$ to ! in/9ct ( animals2 = x is n improv$ by exp]i5ce3 ! canoe1 _! mo/ +5i\s "w1 poor z x is1 has rema9$ ! same1 z we "k f ,drake1 = ! la/ two hundr$ & fifty ye>s4 ,:il/ behold+ ^! savages1 "o asks1 :5ce h !y come8 ,:at c\ld h tempt$1 or :at *ange compell$ a tribe ( m51 to leave ! f9e regions ( ! nor?1 to travel d[n ! ,cordill]a or backbone ( ,am]ica1 to inv5t & build canoes1 :i* are n us$ by ! tribes ( ,*ile1 ,p]u1 & ,brazil1 & !n to ent] on "o ( ! mo/ inhospitable c\ntries )9 ! limits ( ! globe8 ,al?\gh su* reflections mu/ at fir/ seize on ! m9d1 yet we may feel sure t !y are p>tly errone\s4 ,!re is no reason to believe t ! ,fuegians decrease 9 numb]2 !re=e we mu/ suppose t !y enjoy a suffici5t %>e ( happ9ess1 ( :atev] k9d x may be1 to r5d] life wor? hav+4 ,nature by mak+ habit omnipot5t1 & its effects h]$it>y1 has fitt$ ! ,fuegian to ! climate & ! productions ( 8 mis]able c\ntry4 ,aft] hav+ be5 deta9$ six days 9 ,wigwam ,cove by v bad wea!r1 we put to sea on ! #cj? ( ,decemb]4 ,capta9 ,fitz ,roy wi%$ to get we/w>d to l& ,york & ,fuegia 9 _! own c\ntry4 ,:5 at sea we _h a con/ant succession ( gales1 & ! curr5t 0 aga9/ u3 we drift$ to #eg degs4 #bc' s\?4 ,on ! #aa? ( ,janu>y1 #ahcc1 by c>ry+ a press ( sail1 we fet*$ )9 a few miles ( ! great rugg$ m\nta9 ( ,york ,m9/] 7s call$ by ,capta9 ,cook1 & ! orig9 ( ! "n ( ! eld] ,fuegian71 :5 a viol5t squall compell$ u to %ort5 sail & /& out to sea4 ,! surf 0 break+ fe>fully on ! coa/1 & ! spray 0 c>ri$ ov] a cliff e/imat$ to #bjj feet 9 height4 ,on ! #ab? ! gale 0 v heavy1 & we did n "k exactly :]e we 73 x 0 a mo/ unpleasant s\nd to he> con/antly repeat$1 keep a good look-out to leew>d4 ,on ! #ac? ! /orm rag$ ) its full fury3 our horizon 0 n>r[ly limit$ by ! %eets ( spray borne by ! w9d4 ,! sea look$ om9\s1 l a dre>y wav+ pla9 ) pat*es ( drift$ sn[3 :il/ ! %ip lab\r$ heavily1 ! albatross glid$ ) its exp&$ w+s "r up ! w9d4 ,at noon a great sea broke ov] u1 & fill$ "o ( ! :ale boats1 :i* 0 oblig$ to be in/antly cut away4 ,! poor ,beagle trembl$ at ! %ock1 & = a few m9utes w\ld n obey h] helm2 b soon1 l a good %ip t %e 01 %e right$ & came up to ! w9d aga94 ,_h ano!r sea foll[$ ! fir/1 our fate w\ld h be5 decid$ soon1 & = ev]4 ,we _h n[ be5 tw5ty-f\r days try+ 9 va9 to get we/w>d2 ! m5 7 worn out ) fatigue1 & !y _h n _h = _m nights or days a dry ?+ to put on4 ,capta9 ,fitz ,roy gave up ! attempt to get we/w>d by ! outside coa/4 ,9 ! ev5+ we ran 9 beh9d ,false ,cape ,horn1 & dropp$ our an*or 9 =ty-sev5 fa?oms1 fire fla%+ f ! w9dlass z ! *a9 ru%$ r\nd x4 ,h[ delightful 0 t /ill night1 aft] hav+ be5 s long involv$ 9 ! d9 ( ! w>r+ elem5ts6 ,janu>y #ae?1 #ahcc4--,! ,beagle an*or$ 9 ,go]ee ,roads4 ,capta9 ,fitz ,roy hav+ resolv$ to settle ! ,fuegians1 accord+ to _! wi%es1 9 ,ponsonby ,s\nd1 f\r boats 7 equipp$ to c>ry !m !re ?r\gh ! ,beagle ,*annel4 ,?is *annel1 :i* 0 discov]$ by ,capta9 ,fitz ,roy dur+ ! la/ voyage1 is a mo/ rem>kable feature 9 ! geography ( ?is1 or inde$ ( any o!r c\ntry3 x may be comp>$ to ! valley ( ,lo*ness 9 ,scotl&1 ) its *a9 ( lakes & fri?s4 ,x is ab\t "o hundr$ & tw5ty miles long1 ) an av]age bread?1 n subject to any v great v>iation1 ( ab\t two miles2 & is ?r\gh\t ! great] "p s p]fectly /raight1 t ! view1 b\nd$ on ea* side by a l9e ( m\nta9s1 gradually becomes indi/9ct 9 ! long di/ance4 ,x crosses ! s\!rn "p ( ,ti]ra del ,fuego 9 an ea/ & we/ l9e1 & 9 ! middle is jo9$ at "r angles on ! s\? side by an irregul> *annel1 :i* has be5 call$ ,ponsonby ,s\nd4 ,?is is ! resid5ce ( ,jemmy ,button's tribe & family4 #ai?4--,?ree :ale-boats & ! yawl1 ) a p>ty ( tw5ty-eight1 />t$ "u ! comm& ( ,capta9 ,fitz ,roy4 ,9 ! aft]noon we ent]$ ! ea/]n m\? ( ! *annel1 & %ortly aft]w>ds f\nd a snug little cove conceal$ by "s surr\nd+ islets4 ,"h we pit*$ our t5ts & light$ our fires4 ,no?+ c\ld look m com=table ?an ?is sc5e4 ,! glassy wat] ( ! little h>b\r1 ) ! bran*es ( ! trees hang+ ov] ! rocky bea*1 ! boats at an*or1 ! t5ts support$ by ! cross$ o>s1 & ! smoke curl+ up ! wood$ valley1 =m$ a picture ( quiet retirem5t4 ,! next day 7#bj?7 we smoo?ly glid$ onw>ds 9 our little fleet1 & came to a m inhabit$ di/rict4 ,few if any ( ^! natives c\ld ev] h se5 a :ite man2 c]ta9ly no?+ c\ld exce$ _! a/oni%m5t at ! app>ition ( ! f\r boats4 ,fires 7 light$ on e po9t 7h5ce ! "n ( ,ti]ra del ,fuego1 or ! l& ( fire71 bo? to attract our att5tion & to spread f> & wide ! news4 ,"s ( ! m5 ran = miles along ! %ore4 ,i %all nev] =get h[ wild & savage "o gr\p appe>$3 sudd5ly f\r or five m5 came to ! edge ( an ov]hang+ cliff2 !y 7 absolutely nak$1 & _! long hair /ream$ ab\t _! faces2 !y held rugg$ /affs 9 _! h&s1 &1 spr++ f ! gr\nd1 !y wav$ _! arms r\nd _! heads1 & s5t =? ! mo/ hide\s yells4 ,at d9n]-"t we l&$ among a p>ty ( ,fuegians4 ,at fir/ !y 7 n incl9$ to be fri5dly2 = until ! ,capta9 pull$ 9 ahead ( ! o!r boats1 !y kept _! sl+s 9 _! h&s4 ,we soon1 h[ev]1 delight$ !m by trifl+ pres5ts1 su* z ty+ r$ tape r\nd _! heads4 ,!y lik$ our biscuit3 b "o ( ! savages t\*$ ) 8 f+] "s ( ! meat pres]v$ 9 t9 cases :i* ,i 0 eat+1 & feel+ x s(t & cold1 %[$ z mu* disgu/ at x1 z ,i %\ld h done at putrid blubb]4 ,jemmy 0 ?or\ghly a%am$ ( 8 c\ntrym51 & decl>$ 8 own tribe 7 q diff]5t1 9 :i* he 0 w(ully mi/ak54 ,x 0 z easy to please z x 0 difficult to satisfy ^! savages4 ,"y & old1 m5 & *ildr51 nev] ceas$ repeat+ ! ^w yamm]s*oon]1 :i* means give me4 ,aft] po9t+ to almo/ e object1 "o aft] ! o!r1 ev5 to ! buttons on our coats1 & say+ _! fav\rite ^w 9 z _m intonations z possible1 !y w\ld !n use x 9 a neut] s5se1 & vacantly repeat yamm]s*oon]4 ,aft] yamm]s*oon]+ = any article v eag]ly1 !y w\ld by a simple artifice po9t to _! "y wom5 or little *ildr51 z mu* z to say1 ,if y w n give x me1 surely y w to su* z ^!4 ,at night we endeav\r$ 9 va9 to f9d an un9habit$ cove2 & at la/ 7 oblig$ to biv\ac n f> f a p>ty ( natives4 ,!y 7 v in(f5sive z long z !y 7 few 9 numb]s1 b 9 ! morn+ 7#ba/7 be+ jo9$ by o!rs !y %[$ symptoms ( ho/ility1 & we ?\ght t we %\ld h come to a skirmi%4 ,an ,european lab\rs "u great disadvantages :5 treat+ ) savages l ^!1 :o h n ! lea/ idea ( ! p[] ( fire-arms4 ,9 ! v act ( levell+ 8 musket he appe>s to ! savage f> inf]ior to a man arm$ ) a b[ & arr[1 a spe>1 or ev5 a sl+4 ,nor is x easy to tea* !m our sup]iority except by /rik+ a fatal bl[4 ,l wild bea/s1 !y d n appe> to comp>e numb]s2 = ea* individual1 if attack$1 in/ead ( retir+1 w endeav\r to da% y\r bra9s out ) a /one1 z c]ta9ly z a tig] "u simil> circum/ances w\ld te> y4 ,capta9 ,fitz ,roy on "o occasion be+ v anxi\s1 f good reasons1 to fright5 away a small p>ty1 fir/ fl\ri%$ a cutlass ne> !m1 at :i* !y only laugh$2 he !n twice fir$ 8 pi/ol close to a native4 ,! man bo? times look$ a/\nd$1 & c>efully b quickly rubb$ 8 head2 he !n />$ a:ile1 & gabbl$ to 8 companions1 b he nev] seem$ to ?9k ( runn+ away4 ,we c h>dly put ourselves 9 ! position ( ^! savages1 & und]/& _! actions4 ,9 ! case ( ?is ,fuegian1 ! possibility ( su* a s\nd z ! report ( a gun close to 8 e> c\ld nev] h ent]$ 8 m9d4 ,he p]haps lit]ally did n = a second "k :e!r x 0 a s\nd or a bl[1 & !re=e v naturally rubb$ 8 head4 ,9 a simil> mann]1 :5 a savage sees a m>k /ruck by a bullet1 x may be "s "t be=e he is able at all to und]/& h[ x is effect$2 = ! fact ( a body be+ invisible f its velocity w\ld p]haps be to him an idea totally inconceivable4 ,moreov]1 ! extreme =ce ( a bullet1 t p5etrates a h>d sub/ance )\t te>+ x1 may conv9ce ! savage t x has no =ce at all4 ,c]ta9ly ,i believe t _m savages ( ! l[e/ grade1 su* z ^! ( ,ti]ra del ,fuego1 h se5 objects /ruck1 & ev5 small animals kill$ by ! musket1 )\t be+ 9 ! lea/ aw>e h[ deadly an in/rum5t x is4 #bbnd4--,aft] hav+ pass$ an unmole/$ night1 9 :at w\ld appe> to be neutral t]ritory betwe5 ,jemmy's tribe & ! p :om we saw ye/]day1 we sail$ pleasantly along4 ,i d n "k any?+ :i* %[s m cle>ly ! ho/ile /ate ( ! diff]5t tribes1 ?an ^! wide bord] or neutral tracts4 ,al?\gh ,jemmy ,button well knew ! =ce ( our p>ty1 he 01 at fir/1 unwill+ to l& amid/ ! ho/ile tribe ne>e/ to 8 own4 ,he (t5 told u h[ ! savage ,o5s m5 :5 ! leaf r$1 cross$ ! m\nta9s f ! ea/]n coa/ ( ,ti]ra del ,fuego1 & made inroads on ! natives ( ?is "p ( ! c\ntry4 ,x 0 mo/ curi\s to wat* him :5 ?us talk+1 & see 8 eyes gleam+ & 8 :ole face assume a new & wild expression4 ,z we proce$$ along ! ,beagle ,*annel1 ! sc5]y assum$ a peculi> & v magnific5t "*2 b ! effect 0 mu* less5$ f ! l[ness ( ! po9t ( view 9 a boat1 & f look+ along ! valley1 & ?us los+ all ! beauty ( a succession ( ridges4 ,! m\nta9s 7 "h ab\t ?ree ?\s& feet high1 & t]m9at$ 9 %>p & jagg$ po9ts4 ,!y rose 9 "o unbrok5 sweep f ! wat]'s edge1 & 7 cov]$ to ! height ( f\rte5 or fifte5 hundr$ feet by ! dusky-col\r$ =e/4 ,x 0 mo/ curi\s to obs]ve1 z f> z ! eye c\ld range1 h[ level & truly horizontal ! l9e on ! m\nta9 side 01 at :i* trees ceas$ to gr[3 x precisely resembl$ ! high-wat] m>k ( drift-we$ on a sea-bea*4 ,at night we slept close to ! junction ( ,ponsonby ,s\nd ) ! ,beagle ,*annel4 ,a small family ( ,fuegians1 :o 7 liv+ 9 ! cove1 7 quiet & in(f5sive1 & soon jo9$ our p>ty r\nd a blaz+ fire4 ,we 7 well clo!d1 & ?\gh sitt+ close to ! fire 7 f> f too w>m2 yet ^! nak$ savages1 ?\gh fur!r (f1 7 obs]v$1 to our great surprise1 to be /ream+ ) p]spiration at und]go+ su* a roa/+4 ,!y seem$1 h[ev]1 v well pleas$1 & all jo9$ 9 ! *orus ( ! seam5's songs3 b ! mann] 9 :i* !y 7 inv>iably a little beh9dh& 0 q ludicr\s4 ,dur+ ! night ! news _h spread1 & e>ly 9 ! morn+ 7#bcrd7 a fre% p>ty arriv$1 belong+ to ! ,tek5ika1 or ,jemmy's tribe4 ,sev]al ( !m _h run s fa/ t _! noses 7 ble$+1 & _! m\?s fro!d f ! rapidity ) :i* !y talk$2 & ) _! nak$ bodies all b$aub$ ) black1 :ite1 #a & r$1 !y look$ l s _m demoniacs :o _h be5 fight+4 ,we !n proce$$ 7accompani$ by twelve canoes1 ea* hold+ f\r or five p7 d[n ,ponsonby ,s\nd to ! spot :]e poor ,jemmy expect$ to f9d 8 "m & relatives4 ,he _h already he>d t 8 fa!r 0 dead2 b z he _h _h a dream 9 8 head to t effect1 he did n seem to c>e mu* ab\t x1 & repeat$ly com=t$ himself ) ! v natural reflection--,me no help x4 ,he 0 n able to le>n any p>ticul>s reg>d+ 8 fa!r's dea?1 z 8 relations w\ld n speak ab\t x4 ,jemmy 0 n[ 9 a di/rict well kn[n to him1 & guid$ ! boats to a quiet pretty cove nam$ ,woollya1 surr\nd$ by islets1 e "o ( :i* & e po9t _h its prop] native "n4 ,we f\nd "h a family ( ,jemmy's tribe1 b n 8 relations3 we made fri5ds ) !m2 & 9 ! ev5+ !y s5t a canoe to in=m ,jemmy's "m & bro!rs4 ,! cove 0 bord]$ by "s acres ( good slop+ l&1 n cov]$ 7z else:]e7 ei!r by peat or by =e/-trees4 ,capta9 ,fitz ,roy orig9ally int5d$1 z be=e /at$1 to h tak5 ,york ,m9/] & ,fuegia to _! own tribe on ! we/ coa/2 b z !y express$ a wi% to rema9 "h1 & z ! spot 0 s+ul>ly fav\rable1 ,capta9 ,fitz ,roy det]m9$ to settle "h ! :ole p>ty1 includ+ ,mat!ws1 ! mission>y4 ,five days 7 sp5t 9 build+ = !m ?ree l>ge wigwams1 9 l&+ _! goods1 9 digg+ two g>d5s1 & s[+ se$s4 ,! next morn+ aft] our arrival 7! #bd?7 ! ,fuegians began to p\r 91 & ,jemmy's "m & bro!rs arriv$4 ,jemmy recognis$ ! /5torian voice ( "o ( 8 bro!rs at a prodigi\s di/ance4 ,! meet+ 0 less int]e/+ ?an t betwe5 a horse1 turn$ out into a field1 :5 he jo9s an old companion4 ,!re 0 no demon/ration ( affection2 !y simply />$ = a %ort "t at ea* o!r2 & ! "m imm$iately w5t to look aft] h] canoe4 ,we he>d1 h[ev]1 ?r\gh ,york t ! "m has be5 inconsolable = ! loss ( ,jemmy & _h se>*$ ev]y:]e = him1 ?9k+ t he might h be5 left aft] hav+ be5 tak5 9 ! boat4 ,! wom5 took mu* notice ( & 7 v k9d to ,fuegia4 ,we _h already p]ceiv$ t ,jemmy _h almo/ =gott5 8 own language4 ,i %\ld ?9k !re 0 sc>cely ano!r human be+ ) s small a /ock ( language1 = 8 ,engli% 0 v imp]fect4 ,x 0 laughable1 b almo/ pitiable1 to he> him speak to 8 wild bro!r 9 ,engli%1 & !n ask him 9 ,spani% 7no sabe87 :e!r he did n und]/& him4 ,ev]y?+ w5t on peaceably dur+ ! ?ree next days :il/ ! g>d5s 7 digg+ & wigwams build+4 ,we e/imat$ ! numb] ( natives at ab\t "o hundr$ & tw5ty4 ,! wom5 work$ h>d1 :il/ ! m5 l\ng$ ab\t all day long1 wat*+ u4 ,!y ask$ = ev]y?+ !y saw1 & /ole :at !y c\ld4 ,!y 7 delight$ at our danc+ & s++1 & 7 p>ticul>ly int]e/$ at see+ u wa% 9 a neighb\r+ brook2 !y did n pay mu* att5tion to any?+ else1 n ev5 to our boats4 ,( all ! ?+s :i* ,york saw1 dur+ 8 abs5ce f 8 c\ntry1 no?+ seems m to h a/oni%$ him ?an an o/ri*1 ne> ,maldonado3 brea?less ) a/oni%m5t he came runn+ to ,mr4 ,bynoe1 ) :om he 0 out walk+--,oh1 ,mr4 ,bynoe1 oh1 bird all same horse6 ,mu* z our :ite sk9s surpris$ ! natives1 by ,mr4 ,l['s acc\nt a negro-cook to a seal+ vessel1 did s m effectually1 & ! poor fell[ 0 s mobb$ & %\t$ at t he w\ld nev] g on %ore aga94 ,ev]y?+ w5t on s quietly t "s ( ! (fic]s & myself took long walks 9 ! surr\nd+ hills & woods4 ,sudd5ly1 h[ev]1 on ! #bg?1 e woman & *ild disappe>$4 ,we 7 all uneasy at ?is1 z nei!r ,york nor ,jemmy c\ld make out ! cause4 ,x 0 ?\ght by "s t !y _h be5 fright5$ by our clean+ & fir+ (f our muskets on ! previ\s ev5+2 by o!rs1 t x 0 ow+ to (f5ce tak5 by an old savage1 :o1 :5 told to keep fur!r (f1 _h coolly spit 9 ! s5try's face1 & _h !n1 by ge/ures act$ ov] a sleep+ ,fuegian1 pla9ly %[$1 z x 0 said1 t he %\ld l to cut up & eat our man4 ,capta9 ,fitz ,roy1 to avoid ! *ance ( an enc\nt]1 :i* w\ld h be5 fatal to s _m ( ! ,fuegians1 ?\ght x advisable = u to sleep at a cove a few miles di/ant4 ,mat!ws1 ) 8 usual quiet =titude 7rem>kable 9 a man app>5tly possess+ little en]gy ( "*71 det]m9$ to /ay ) ! ,fuegians1 :o ev9c$ no al>m = !mselves2 & s we left !m to pass _! fir/ awful night4 ,on our return 9 ! morn+ 7#bh?7 we 7 delight$ to f9d all quiet1 & ! m5 employ$ 9 _! canoes spe>+ fi%4 ,capta9 ,fitz ,roy det]m9$ to s5d ! yawl & "o :ale-boat back to ! %ip2 & to proce$ ) ! two o!r boats1 "o "u 8 own comm& 79 :i* he mo/ k9dly all[$ me to accompany him71 & "o "u ,mr4 ,hammond1 to survey ! we/]n p>ts ( ! ,beagle ,*annel1 & aft]w>ds to return & visit ! settlem5t4 ,! day to our a/oni%m5t 0 ov]p[]+ly hot1 s t our sk9s 7 scor*$3 ) ?is beautiful wea!r1 ! view 9 ! middle ( ! ,beagle ,*annel 0 v rem>kable4 ,look+ t[>ds ei!r h&1 no object int]cept$ ! vani%+ po9ts ( ?is long canal betwe5 ! m\nta9s4 ,! circum/ance ( its be+ an arm ( ! sea 0 r5d]$ v evid5t by sev]al huge :ales #b sp\t+ 9 diff]5t directions4 ,on "o occasion ,i saw two ( ^! mon/]s1 probably male & female1 sl[ly swimm+ "o aft] ! o!r1 )9 less ?an a /one's ?r[ ( ! %ore1 ov] :i* ! bee*-tree ext5d$ its bran*es4 ,we sail$ on till x 0 d>k1 & !n pit*$ our t5ts 9 a quiet creek4 ,! greate/ luxury 0 to f9d = our b$s a bea* ( pebbles1 = !y 7 dry & yield$ to ! body4 ,peaty soil is damp2 rock is unev5 & h>d2 s& gets into "o's meat1 :5 cook$ & eat5 boat-fa%ion2 b :5 ly+ 9 our blanket-bags1 on a good b$ ( smoo? pebbles1 we pass$ mo/ com=table nights4 ,x 0 my wat* till "o o'clock4 ,!re is some?+ v solemn 9 ^! sc5es4 ,at no "t does ! consci\sness 9 :at a remote corn] ( ! _w y are !n /&+1 come s /rongly be=e ! m9d4 ,ev]y?+ t5ds to ?is effect2 ! /illness ( ! night is int]rupt$ only by ! heavy brea?+ ( ! seam5 b5ea? ! t5ts1 & sometimes by ! cry ( a night-bird4 ,! occasional b>k+ ( a dog1 he>d 9 ! di/ance1 rem9ds "o t x is ! l& ( ! savage4 ,janu>y #bj?4--,e>ly 9 ! morn+ we arriv$ at ! po9t :]e ! ,beagle ,*annel divides into two arms2 & we ent]$ ! nor!rn "o4 ,! sc5]y "h becomes ev5 gr&] ?an be=e4 ,! l(ty m\nta9s on ! nor? side compose ! granitic axis1 or backbone ( ! c\ntry & boldly rise to a height ( betwe5 ?ree & f\r ?\s& feet1 ) "o peak above six ?\s& feet4 ,!y are cov]$ by a wide mantle ( p]petual sn[1 & num]\s cascades p\r _! wat]s1 ?r\gh ! woods1 into ! n>r[ *annel bel[4 ,9 _m p>ts1 magnific5t glaci]s ext5d f ! m\nta9 side to ! wat]'s edge4 ,x is sc>cely possible to imag9e any?+ m beautiful ?an ! b]yl-l blue ( ^! glaci]s1 & especially z contra/$ ) ! dead :ite ( ! upp] expanse ( sn[4 ,! fragm5ts :i* _h fall5 f ! glaci] into ! wat] 7 float+ away1 & ! *annel ) its iceb]gs pres5t$1 = ! space ( a mile1 a m9iature lik5ess ( ! ,pol> ,sea4 ,! boats be+ haul$ on %ore at our d9n]-h\r1 we 7 admir+ f ! di/ance ( half a mile a p]p5dicul> cliff ( ice1 & 7 wi%+ t "s m fragm5ts w\ld fall4 ,at la/1 d[n came a mass ) a ro>+ noise1 & imm$iately we saw ! smoo? outl9e ( a wave travell+ t[>ds u4 ,! m5 ran d[n z quickly z !y c\ld to ! boats2 = ! *ance ( _! be+ da%$ to pieces 0 evid5t4 ,"o ( ! seam5 j caught hold ( ! b[s1 z ! curl+ break] rea*$ x3 he 0 knock$ ov] & ov]1 b n hurt1 & ! boats ?\gh ?rice lift$ on high & let fall aga91 receiv$ no damage4 ,?is 0 mo/ =tunate = u1 = we 7 a hundr$ miles di/ant f ! %ip1 & we %\ld h be5 left )\t provisions or fire-arms4 ,i _h previ\sly obs]v$ t "s l>ge fragm5ts ( rock on ! bea* _h be5 lately displac$2 b until see+ ?is wave1 ,i did n und]/& ! cause4 ,"o side ( ! creek 0 =m$ by a spur ( mica-slate2 ! head by a cliff ( ice ab\t =ty feet high2 & ! o!r side by a promontory fifty feet high1 built up ( huge r\nd$ fragm5ts ( granite & mica-slate1 out ( :i* old trees 7 gr[+4 ,?is promontory 0 evid5tly a mora9e1 heap$ up at a p]iod :5 ! glaci] _h great] dim5sions4 ,:5 we rea*$ ! we/]n m\? ( ?is nor!rn bran* ( ! ,beagle ,*annel1 we sail$ among/ _m unkn[n desolate isl&s1 & ! wea!r 0 wret*$ly bad4 ,we met ) no natives4 ,! coa/ 0 almo/ ev]y:]e s /eep1 t we _h sev]al times to pull _m miles be=e we c\ld f9d space en\gh to pit* our two t5ts3 "o night we slept on l>ge r\nd b\ld]s1 ) putrefy+ sea-we$ betwe5 !m2 & :5 ! tide rose1 we _h to get up & move our blanket-bags4 ,! f>!/ po9t we/w>d :i* we rea*$ 0 ,/ew>t ,isl&1 a di/ance ( ab\t "o hundr$ & fifty miles f our %ip4 ,we return$ into ! ,beagle ,*annel by ! s\!rn arm1 & !nce proce$$1 ) no adv5ture1 back to ,ponsonby ,s\nd4 ,febru>y #f?4--,we arriv$ at ,woollya4 ,mat!ws gave s bad an acc\nt ( ! conduct ( ! ,fuegians1 t ,capta9 ,fitz ,roy det]m9$ to take him back to ! ,beagle2 & ultimately he 0 left at ,new ,zeal&1 :]e 8 bro!r 0 a mission>y4 ,f ! "t ( our leav+1 a regul> sy/em ( plund] comm5c$2 fre% p>ties ( ! natives kept arriv+3 ,york & ,jemmy lo/ _m ?+s1 & ,mat!ws almo/ ev]y?+ :i* _h n be5 conceal$ und]gr\nd4 ,e article seem$ to h be5 torn up & divid$ by ! natives4 ,mat!ws describ$ ! wat* he 0 oblig$ always to keep z mo/ h>ass+2 night & day he 0 surr\nd$ by ! natives1 :o tri$ to tire him out by mak+ an incessant noise close to 8 head4 ,"o day an old man1 :om ,mat!ws ask$ to leave 8 wigwam1 imm$iately return$ ) a l>ge /one 9 8 h&3 ano!r day a :ole p>ty came arm$ ) /ones & /akes1 & "s ( ! y\ng] m5 & ,jemmy's bro!r 7 cry+3 ,mat!ws met !m ) pres5ts4 ,ano!r p>ty %[$ by signs t !y wi%$ to /rip him nak$ & pluck all ! hairs out ( 8 face & body4 ,i ?9k we arriv$ j 9 "t to save 8 life4 ,jemmy's relatives _h be5 s va9 & fooli%1 t !y _h %[$ to /rang]s _! plund]1 & _! mann] ( obta9+ x4 ,x 0 q melan*oly leav+ ! ?ree ,fuegians ) _! savage c\ntrym52 b x 0 a great com=t t !y _h no p]sonal fe>s4 ,york1 be+ a p[]ful resolute man1 0 pretty sure to get on well1 toge!r ) 8 wife ,fuegia4 ,poor ,jemmy look$ r disconsolate1 & w\ld !n1 ,i h little d\bt1 h be5 glad to h return$ ) u4 ,8 own bro!r _h /ol5 _m ?+s f him2 & z he rem>k$1 ,:at fa%ion call t3 he abus$ 8 c\ntrym51 all bad m51 no sabe 7"k7 no?+ &1 ?\gh ,i nev] he>d him swe> be=e1 damn$ fools4 ,our ?ree ,fuegians1 ?\gh !y _h be5 only ?ree ye>s ) civiliz$ m51 w\ld1 ,i am sure1 h be5 glad to h reta9$ _! new habits2 b ?is 0 obvi\sly impossible4 ,i fe> x is m ?an d\btful1 :e!r _! visit w h be5 ( any use to !m4 ,9 ! ev5+1 ) ,mat!ws on bo>d1 we made sail back to ! %ip1 n by ! ,beagle ,*annel1 b by ! s\!rn coa/4 ,! boats 7 heavily lad5 & ! sea r\gh1 & we _h a dang]\s passage4 ,by ! ev5+ ( ! #g? we 7 on bo>d ! ,beagle aft] an abs5ce ( tw5ty days1 dur+ :i* "t we _h gone ?ree hundr$ miles 9 ! op5 boats4 ,on ! #aa?1 ,capta9 ,fitz ,roy paid a visit by himself to ! ,fuegians & f\nd !m go+ on well2 & t !y _h lo/ v few m ?+s4 ,on ! la/ day ( ,febru>y 9 ! succe$+ ye> 7#ahcd7 ! ,beagle an*or$ 9 a beautiful little cove at ! ea/]n entrance ( ! ,beagle ,*annel4 ,capta9 ,fitz ,roy det]m9$ on ! bold1 & z x prov$ successful1 attempt to beat aga9/ ! we/]ly w9ds by ! same r\te1 :i* we _h foll[$ 9 ! boats to ! settlem5t at ,woollya4 ,we did n see _m natives until we 7 ne> ,ponsonby ,s\nd1 :]e we 7 foll[$ by t5 or twelve canoes4 ,! natives did n at all und]/& ! reason ( our tack+1 &1 in/ead ( meet+ u at ea* tack1 va9ly /rove to foll[ u 9 our zigzag c\rse4 ,i 0 amus$ at f9d+ :at a diff]5ce ! circum/ance ( be+ q sup]ior 9 =ce made1 9 ! int]e/ ( behold+ ^! savages4 ,:ile 9 ! boats ,i got to hate ! v s\nd ( _! voices1 s mu* tr\ble did !y give u4 ,! fir/ & la/ ^w 0 yamm]s*oon]4 ,:51 ent]+ "s quiet little cove1 we h look$ r\nd & ?\ght to pass a quiet night1 ! odi\s ^w yamm]s*oon] has %rilly s\nd$ f "s gloomy nook1 & !n ! little signal-smoke has curl$ up to spread ! news f> & wide4 ,on leav+ "s place we h said to ea* o!r1 ,?ank heav51 we h at la/ fairly left ^! wret*es6 :5 "o m fa9t hallo f an all-p[]ful voice1 he>d at a prodigi\s di/ance1 w\ld rea* our e>s1 & cle>ly c\ld we di/+ui%--yamm]s*oon]4 ,b n[1 ! m ,fuegians ! m]ri]2 & v m]ry "w x 04 ,bo? p>ties laugh+1 wond]+1 gap+ at ea* o!r2 we pity+ !m1 = giv+ u good fi% & crabs = rags1 etc42 !y grasp+ at ! *ance ( f9d+ p s fooli% z to ex*ange su* spl5did ornam5ts = a good supp]4 ,x 0 mo/ amus+ to see ! undisguis$ smile ( satisfaction ) :i* "o "y woman ) h] face pa9t$ black1 ti$ sev]al bits ( sc>let clo? r\nd h] head ) ru%es4 ,h] husb&1 :o enjoy$ ! v univ]sal privilege 9 ?is c\ntry ( possess+ two wives1 evid5tly became jeal\s ( all ! att5tion paid to 8 "y wife2 &1 aft] a consultation ) 8 nak$ beauties1 0 paddl$ away by !m4 ,"s ( ! ,fuegians pla9ly %[$ t !y _h a fair notion ( b>t]4 ,i gave "o man a l>ge nail 7a mo/ valuable pres5t7 )\t mak+ any signs = a return2 b he imm$iately pick$ out two fi%1 & h&$ !m up on ! po9t ( 8 spe>4 ,if any pres5t 0 design$ = "o canoe1 & x fell ne> ano!r1 x 0 inv>iably giv5 to ! "r own]4 ,! ,fuegian boy1 :om ,mr4 ,l[ _h on bo>d %[$1 by go+ into ! mo/ viol5t passion1 t he q und]/ood ! reproa* ( be+ call$ a li>1 :i* 9 tru? he 04 ,we 7 ?is "t1 z on all =m] occasions1 mu* surpris$ at ! little notice1 or r none :atev]1 :i* 0 tak5 ( _m ?+s1 ! use ( :i* mu/ h be5 evid5t to ! natives4 ,simple circum/ances--su* z ! beauty ( sc>let clo? or blue beads1 ! abs5ce ( wom51 our c>e 9 wa%+ ourselves1--excit$ _! admiration f> m ?an any gr& or complicat$ object1 su* z our %ip4 ,b\ga9ville has well rem>k$ conc]n+ ^! p1 t !y treat ! *efs d'oeuvre de l'indu/rie huma9e1 comme ils trait5t les loix de la nature et ses ph5om5es4 ,on ! #e? ( ,m>*1 we an*or$ 9 a cove at ,woollya1 b we saw n a s\l !re4 ,we 7 al>m$ at ?is1 = ! natives 9 ,ponsonby ,s\nd %[$ by ge/ures1 t !re _h be5 fight+2 & we aft]w>ds he>d t ! dread$ ,o5s m5 _h made a desc5t4 ,soon a canoe1 ) a little flag fly+1 0 se5 approa*+1 ) "o ( ! m5 9 x wa%+ ! pa9t (f 8 face4 ,?is man 0 poor ,jemmy1--n[ a ?91 hagg>d savage1 ) long disord]$ hair1 & nak$1 except a bit ( blanket r\nd 8 wai/4 ,we did n recognize him till he 0 close to u1 = he 0 a%am$ ( himself1 & turn$ 8 back to ! %ip4 ,we _h left him plump1 fat1 clean1 & well-dress$2--,i nev] saw s complete & griev\s a *ange4 ,z soon1 h[ev]1 z he 0 clo!d1 & ! fir/ flurry 0 ov]1 ?+s wore a good appe>ance4 ,he d9$ ) ,capta9 ,fitz ,roy1 & ate 8 d9n] z tidily z =m]ly4 ,he told u t he _h too mu* 7mean+ en\gh7 to eat1 t he 0 n cold1 t 8 relations 7 v good p1 & t he did n wi% to g back to ,engl&3 9 ! ev5+ we f\nd out ! cause ( ?is great *ange 9 ,jemmy's feel+s1 9 ! arrival ( 8 "y & nice-look+ wife4 ,) 8 usual good feel+ he br\ght two beautiful ott]-sk9s = two ( 8 be/ fri5ds1 & "s spe>-heads & arr[s made ) 8 own h&s = ! ,capta94 ,he said he _h built a canoe = himself1 & he boa/$ t he c\ld talk a little ( 8 own language6 ,b x is a mo/ s+ul> fact1 t he appe>s to h taught all 8 tribe "s ,engli%3 an old man spontane\sly ann\nc$ ,jemmy ,button's wife4 ,jemmy _h lo/ all 8 prop]ty4 ,he told u t ,york ,m9/] _h built a l>ge canoe1 & ) 8 wife ,fuegia1 #c _h sev]al mon?s s9ce gone to 8 own c\ntry1 & _h tak5 f>ewell by an act ( consummate villa9y2 he p]suad$ ,jemmy & 8 "m to come ) him1 & !n on ! way des]t$ !m by night1 /eal+ e article ( _! prop]ty4 ,jemmy w5t to sleep on %ore1 & 9 ! morn+ return$1 & rema9$ on bo>d till ! %ip got "u way1 :i* fright5$ 8 wife1 :o cont9u$ cry+ viol5tly till he got into 8 canoe4 ,he return$ load$ ) valuable prop]ty4 ,e s\l on bo>d 0 he>tily sorry to %ake h&s ) him = ! la/ "t4 ,i d n n[ d\bt t he w be z happy z1 p]haps happi] ?an1 if he _h nev] left 8 own c\ntry4 ,e "o mu/ s9c]ely hope t ,capta9 ,fitz ,roy's noble hope may be fulfill$1 ( be+ rew>d$ = ! _m g5]\s sacrifices :i* he made = ^! ,fuegians1 by "s %ipwreck$ sailor be+ protect$ by ! desc5dants ( ,jemmy ,button & 8 tribe6 ,:5 ,jemmy rea*$ ! %ore1 he light$ a signal fire1 & ! smoke curl$ up1 bidd+ u a la/ & long f>ewell1 z ! %ip /ood on h] c\rse into ! op5 sea4 ,! p]fect equality among ! individuals compos+ ! ,fuegian tribes mu/ = a long "t ret>d _! civilization4 ,z we see ^? animals1 ^: in/9ct compels !m to live 9 society & obey a *ief1 are mo/ capable ( improvem5t1 s is x ) ! races ( mank9d4 ,:e!r we look at x z a cause or a consequ5ce1 ! m civiliz$ always h ! mo/ artificial gov]nm5ts4 ,= in/ance1 ! inhabitants ( ,otaheite1 :o1 :5 fir/ discov]$1 7 gov]n$ by h]$it>y k+s1 _h arriv$ at a f> high] grade ?an ano!r bran* ( ! same p1 ! ,new ,zeal&]s1--:o1 al?\gh b5efit$ by be+ compell$ to turn _! att5tion to agriculture1 7 republicans 9 ! mo/ absolute s5se4 ,9 ,ti]ra del ,fuego1 until "s *ief %all arise ) p[] suffici5t to secure any acquir$ advantage1 su* z ! dome/icat$ animals1 x seems sc>cely possible t ! political /ate ( ! c\ntry c be improv$4 ,at pres5t1 ev5 a piece ( clo? giv5 to "o is torn into %r$s & di/ribut$2 & no "o individual becomes ri*] ?an ano!r4 ,on ! o!r h&1 x is difficult to und]/& h[ a *ief c arise till !re is prop]ty ( "s sort by :i* he might manife/ 8 sup]iority & increase 8 p[]4 ,i believe1 9 ?is extreme "p ( ,s\? ,am]ica1 man exi/s 9 a l[] /ate ( improvem5t ?an 9 any o!r "p ( ! _w4 ,! ,s\? ,sea ,isl&]s1 ( ! two races inhabit+ ! ,pacific1 are comp>atively civiliz$4 ,! ,esquimau 9 8 subt]ranean hut1 enjoys "s ( ! com=ts ( life1 & 9 8 canoe1 :5 fully equipp$1 manife/s mu* skill4 ,"s ( ! tribes ( ,s\!rn ,africa pr[l+ ab\t 9 se>* ( roots1 & liv+ conceal$ on ! wild & arid pla9s1 are suffici5tly wret*$4 ,! ,au/ralian1 9 ! simplicity ( ! arts ( life1 comes ne>e/ ! ,fuegian3 he c1 h[ev]1 boa/ ( 8 boom]ang1 8 spe> & ?r[+-/ick1 8 me?od ( climb+ trees1 ( track+ animals1 & ( hunt+4 ,al?\gh ! ,au/ralian may be sup]ior 9 acquirem5ts1 x by no means foll[s t he is likewise sup]ior 9 m5tal capacity3 inde$1 f :at ,i saw ( ! ,fuegians :5 on bo>d & f :at ,i h read ( ! ,au/ralians1 ,i %\ld ?9k ! case 0 exactly ! rev]se4 #a ,?is sub/ance1 :5 dry1 is tol]ably compact1 & ( little specific gravity3 ,pr(essor ,ehr5b]g has exam9$ x3 he /ates 7,konig ,akad4 d] ,wiss53 ,b]l91 ,feb4 #ahde7 t x is compos$ ( infusoria1 includ+ f\rte5 polyga/rica1 & f\r phytoli?>ia4 ,he says t !y are all inhabitants ( fre%-wat]2 ?is is a beautiful example ( ! results obta9able ?r\gh ,pr(essor ,ehr5b]g's microscopic rese>*es2 = ,jemmy ,button told me t x is always collect$ at ! bottoms ( m\nta9-brooks4 ,x is1 moreov]1 a /rik+ fact t 9 ! geographical di/ribution ( ! infusoria1 :i* are well kn[n to h v wide ranges1 t all ! species 9 ?is sub/ance1 al?\gh br\ght f ! extreme s\!rn po9t ( ,ti]ra del ,fuego1 are old1 kn[n =ms4 #b ,"o day1 (f ! ,ea/ coa/ ( ,ti]ra del ,fuego1 we saw a gr& sight 9 sev]al sp]maceti :ales jump+ upright q out ( ! wat]1 ) ! exception ( _! tail-f9s4 ,z !y fell d[n sideways1 !y spla%$ ! wat] high up1 & ! s\nd rev]b]at$ l a di/ant broadside4 #c ,capta9 ,sulivan1 :o1 s9ce 8 voyage 9 ! ,beagle1 has be5 employ$ on ! survey ( ! ,falkl& ,isl&s1 he>d f a seal] 9 7#ahdb871 t :5 9 ! we/]n "p ( ! ,/rait ( ,magellan1 he 0 a/oni%$ by a native woman com+ on bo>d1 :o c\ld talk "s ,engli%4 ,)\t d\bt ?is 0 ,fuega ,basket4 ,%e liv$ 7,i fe> ! t]m probably be>s a d\ble int]pretation7 "s days on bo>d4 ,,*apt] ,,xi ,,/rait ,,( ,,magellan4--,,climate ,,( ,,! ,,s\!rn ,,coa/s ,/rait ( ,magellan--,port ,fam9e--,asc5t ( ,m\nt ,t>n--,=e/s--,edible ,fungus--,zoology--,great ,sea-we$--,leave ,ti]ra del ,fuego--,climate--,fruit-trees & ,productions ( ! ,s\!rn ,coa/s--,height ( ,sn[-l9e on ! ,cordill]a--,desc5t ( ,glaci]s to ! ,sea--,iceb]gs =m$--,transportal ( ,b\ld]s--,climate & ,productions ( ! ,ant>ctic ,isl&s--,pres]vation ( ,froz5 ,c>casses--,recapitulation4 ,,9 ,,! end ( ,may1 #ahcd1 we ent]$ = a second "t ! ea/]n m\? ( ! ,/rait ( ,magellan4 ,! c\ntry on bo? sides ( ?is "p ( ! ,/rait consi/s ( ne>ly level pla9s1 l ^? ( ,patagonia4 ,cape ,negro1 a little )9 ! second ,n>r[s1 may be consid]$ z ! po9t :]e ! l& beg9s to assume ! m>k$ features ( ,ti]ra del ,fuego4 ,on ! ea/ coa/1 s\? ( ! ,/rait1 brok5 p>k-l sc5]y 9 a l mann] connects ^! two c\ntries1 :i* are oppos$ to ea* o!r 9 almo/ e feature4 ,x is truly surpris+ to f9d 9 a space ( tw5ty miles su* a *ange 9 ! l&scape4 ,if we take a r great] di/ance1 z betwe5 ,port ,fam9e & ,gregory ,bay1 t is ab\t sixty miles1 ! diff]5ce is /ill m wond]ful4 ,at ! =m] place1 we h r\nd$ m\nta9s conceal$ by imp]vi\s =e/s1 :i* are dr5*$ ) ! ra91 br\ght by an endless succession ( gales2 :ile at ,cape ,gregory1 !re is a cle> & bright blue sky ov] ! dry & /]ile pla9s4 ,! atmosph]ic curr5ts1 #a al?\gh rapid1 turbul5t1 & unconf9$ by any app>5t limits1 yet seem to foll[1 l a riv] 9 its b$1 a regul>ly det]m9$ c\rse4 ,dur+ our previ\s visit 79 ,janu>y71 we _h an int]view at ,cape ,gregory ) ! fam\s s-call$ gigantic ,patagonians1 :o gave u a cordial reception4 ,_! height appe>s great] ?an x really is1 f _! l>ge guanaco mantles1 _! long fl[+ hair1 & g5]al figure3 on an av]age1 _! height is ab\t six feet1 ) "s m5 tall] & only a few %ort]2 & ! wom5 are also tall2 altoge!r !y are c]ta9ly ! talle/ race :i* we any:]e saw4 ,9 features !y /rik+ly resemble ! m nor!rn ,indians :om ,i saw ) ,rosas1 b !y h a wild] & m =midable appe>ance3 _! faces 7 mu* pa9t$ ) r$ & black1 & "o man 0 r+$ & dott$ ) :ite l a ,fuegian4 ,capta9 ,fitz ,roy (f]$ to take any ?ree ( !m on bo>d1 & all seem$ det]m9$ to be ( ! ?ree4 ,x 0 long be=e we c\ld cle> ! boat2 at la/ we got on bo>d ) our ?ree giants1 :o d9$ ) ! ,capta91 & behav$ q l g5tlem51 help+ !mselves ) knives1 =ks1 & spoons3 no?+ 0 s mu* reli%$ z sug>4 ,?is tribe has _h s mu* communication ) seal]s & :al]s t mo/ ( ! m5 c speak a little ,engli% & ,spani%2 & !y are half civiliz$1 & proportionally demoraliz$4 ,! next morn+ a l>ge p>ty w5t on %ore1 to b>t] = sk9s & o/ri*-fea!rs2 fire-arms be+ refus$1 tobacco 0 9 greate/ reque/1 f> m s ?an axes or tools4 ,! :ole population ( ! toldos1 m51 wom51 & *ildr51 7 arrang$ on a bank4 ,x 0 an amus+ sc5e1 & x 0 impossible n to l ! s-call$ giants1 !y 7 s ?or\ghly good-hum\r$ & unsuspect+3 !y ask$ u to come aga94 ,!y seem to l to h ,europeans to live ) !m2 & old ,m>ia1 an important woman 9 ! tribe1 once begg$ ,mr4 ,l[ to leave any "o ( 8 sailors ) !m4 ,!y sp5d ! great] "p ( ! ye> "h2 b 9 summ] !y hunt along ! foot ( ! ,cordill]a3 sometimes !y travel z f> z ! ,rio ,negro #gej miles to ! nor?4 ,!y are well /ock$ ) horses1 ea* man hav+1 accord+ to ,mr4 ,l[1 six or sev51 & all ! wom51 & ev5 *ildr51 _! "o own horse4 ,9 ! "t ( ,s>mi5to 7#aehj71 ^! ,indians _h b[s & arr[s1 n[ long s9ce disus$2 !y !n also possess$ "s horses4 ,?is is a v curi\s fact1 %[+ ! extraord9>ily rapid multiplication ( horses 9 ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,! horse 0 fir/ l&$ at ,bu5os ,ayres 9 #aecg1 & ! colony be+ !n = a "t des]t$1 ! horse ran wild2 #b 9 #aehj1 only =ty-?ree ye>s aft]w>ds1 we he> ( !m at ! ,/rait ( ,magellan6 ,mr4 ,l[ in=ms me1 t a neighb\r+ tribe ( foot-,indians is n[ *ang+ into horse-,indians3 ! tribe at ,gregory ,bay giv+ !m _! worn-out horses1 & s5d+ 9 w9t] a few ( _! be/ skill$ m5 to hunt = !m4 ,june #a/4--,we an*or$ 9 ! f9e bay ( ,port ,fam9e4 ,x 0 n[ ! beg9n+ ( w9t]1 & ,i nev] saw a m *e]less prospect2 ! dusky woods1 piebald ) sn[1 c\ld be only se5 indi/9ctly1 ?r\gh a drizzl+ hazy atmosph]e4 ,we 71 h[ev]1 lucky 9 gett+ two f9e days4 ,on "o ( ^!1 ,m\nt ,s>mi5to1 a di/ant m\nta9 #fhjj feet high1 pres5t$ a v noble spectacle4 ,i 0 frequ5tly surpris$ 9 ! sc5]y ( ,ti]ra del ,fuego1 at ! little app>5t elevation ( m\nta9s really l(ty4 ,i suspect x is ow+ to a cause :i* w\ld n at fir/ be imag9$1 namely1 t ! :ole mass1 f ! summit to ! wat]'s edge1 is g5]ally 9 full view4 ,i rememb] hav+ se5 a m\nta91 fir/ f ! ,beagle ,*annel1 :]e ! :ole sweep f ! summit to ! base 0 full 9 view1 & !n f ,ponsonby ,s\nd across sev]al successive ridges2 & x 0 curi\s to obs]ve 9 ! latt] case1 z ea* fre% ridge af=d$ fre% means ( judg+ ( ! di/ance1 h[ ! m\nta9 rose 9 height4 ,be=e rea*+ ,port ,fam9e1 two m5 7 se5 runn+ along ! %ore & hail+ ! %ip4 ,a boat 0 s5t = !m4 ,!y turn$ out to be two sailors :o _h run away f a seal+-vessel1 & _h jo9$ ! ,patagonians4 ,^! ,indians _h treat$ !m ) _! usual dis9t]e/$ hospitality4 ,!y _h p>t$ company ?r\gh accid5t1 & 7 !n proce$+ to ,port ,fam9e 9 hopes ( f9d+ "s %ip4 ,i d>e say !y 7 wor?less vagabonds1 b ,i nev] saw m mis]able-look+ ones4 ,!y _h be5 liv+ = "s days on mussel-%ells & b]ries1 & _! tatt]$ clo!s _h be5 burnt by sleep+ s ne> _! fires4 ,!y _h be5 expos$ night & day1 )\t any %elt]1 to ! late incessant gales1 ) ra91 sleet1 & sn[1 & yet !y 7 9 good heal?4 ,dur+ our /ay at ,port ,fam9e1 ! ,fuegians twice came & plagu$ u4 ,z !re 7 _m in/rum5ts1 clo!s1 & m5 on %ore1 x 0 ?\ght necess>y to fright5 !m away4 ,! fir/ "t a few great guns 7 fir$1 :5 !y 7 f> di/ant4 ,x 0 mo/ ludicr\s to wat* ?r\gh a glass ! ,indians1 z (t5 z ! %ot /ruck ! wat]1 take up /ones1 &1 z a bold defiance1 ?r[ !m t[>ds ! %ip1 ?\gh ab\t a mile & a half di/ant6 ,a boat 0 s5t ) ord]s to fire a few musket-%ots wide ( !m4 ,! ,fuegians hid !mselves beh9d ! trees1 & = e dis*>ge ( ! muskets !y fir$ _! arr[s2 all1 h[ev]1 fell %ort ( ! boat1 & ! (fic] z he po9t$ at !m laugh$4 ,?is made ! ,fuegians frantic ) passion1 & !y %ook _! mantles 9 va9 rage4 ,at la/1 see+ ! balls cut & /rike ! trees1 !y ran away1 & we 7 left 9 peace & quietness4 ,dur+ ! =m] voyage ! ,fuegians 7 "h v tr\blesome1 & to fright5 !m a rocket 0 fir$ at night ov] _! wigwams2 x answ]$ effectually1 & "o ( ! (fic]s told me t ! clam\r fir/ rais$1 & ! b>k+ ( ! dogs1 0 q ludicr\s 9 contra/ ) ! pr(\nd sil5ce :i* 9 a m9ute or two aft]w>ds prevail$4 ,! next morn+ n a s+le ,fuegian 0 9 ! neighb\rhood4 ,:5 ! ,beagle 0 "h 9 ! mon? ( ,febru>y1 ,i />t$ "o morn+ at f\r o'clock to asc5d ,m\nt ,t>n1 :i* is #bfjj feet high1 & is ! mo/ elevat$ po9t 9 ?is imm$iate di/rict4 ,we w5t 9 a boat to ! foot ( ! m\nta9 7b unluckily n to ! be/ "p71 & !n began our asc5t4 ,! =e/ comm5ces at ! l9e ( high-wat] m>k1 & dur+ ! fir/ two h\rs ,i gave ov] all hopes ( rea*+ ! summit4 ,s ?ick 0 ! wood1 t x 0 necess>y to h con/ant rec\rse to ! compass2 = e l&m>k1 ?\gh 9 a m\nta9\s c\ntry1 0 completely %ut out4 ,9 ! deep rav9es1 ! dea?-l sc5e ( desolation exce$$ all description2 outside x 0 bl[+ a gale1 b 9 ^! holl[s1 n ev5 a brea? ( w9d /irr$ ! leaves ( ! talle/ trees4 ,s gloomy1 cold1 & wet 0 e "p1 t n ev5 ! fungi1 mosses1 or f]ns c\ld fl\ri%4 ,9 ! valleys x 0 sc>cely possible to crawl along1 !y 7 s completely b>ricad$ by great m\ld]+ trunks1 :i* _h fall5 d[n 9 e direction4 ,:5 pass+ ov] ^! natural bridges1 "o's c\rse 0 (t5 arre/$ by s9k+ knee deep into ! rott5 wood2 at o!r times1 :5 attempt+ to lean aga9/ a firm tree1 "o 0 />tl$ by f9d+ a mass ( decay$ matt] ready to fall at ! slighte/ t\*4 ,we at la/ f\nd ourselves among ! /unt$ trees1 & !n soon rea*$ ! b>e ridge1 :i* conduct$ u to ! summit4 ,"h 0 a view *>act]i/ic ( ,ti]ra del ,fuego2 irregul> *a9s ( hills1 mottl$ ) pat*es ( sn[1 deep yell[i%-gre5 valleys1 & arms ( ! sea int]sect+ ! l& 9 _m directions4 ,! /rong w9d 0 pi]c+ly cold1 & ! atmosph]e r hazy1 s t we did n /ay long on ! top ( ! m\nta94 ,our desc5t 0 n q s labori\s z our asc5t1 = ! weight ( ! body =c$ a passage1 & all ! slips & falls 7 9 ! "r direction4 ,i h already m5tion$ ! sombre & dull "* ( ! ev]gre5 =e/s1 #c 9 :i* two or ?ree species ( trees gr[1 to ! exclusion ( all o!rs4 ,above ! =e/ l&1 !re are _m dw>f alp9e plants1 :i* all spr+ f ! mass ( peat1 & help to compose x3 ^! plants are v rem>kable f _! close alliance ) ! species gr[+ on ! m\nta9s ( ,europe1 ?\gh s _m ?\s& miles di/ant4 ,! c5tral "p ( ,ti]ra del ,fuego1 :]e ! clay-slate =mation occurs1 is mo/ fav\rable to ! gr[? ( trees2 on ! out] coa/ ! poor] granitic soil1 & a situation m expos$ to ! viol5t w9ds1 d n all[ ( _! atta9+ any great size4 ,ne> ,port ,fam9e ,i h se5 m l>ge trees ?an any:]e else3 ,i measur$ a ,w9t]'s ,b>k :i* 0 f\r feet six in*es 9 gir?1 & sev]al ( ! bee* 7 z mu* z ?irte5 feet4 ,capta9 ,k+ also m5tions a bee* :i* 0 sev5 feet 9 diamet]1 sev5te5 feet above ! roots4 ,!re is "o vegetable production des]v+ notice f its importance z an article ( food to ! ,fuegians4 ,x is a globul>1 bright-yell[ fungus1 :i* gr[s 9 va/ numb]s on ! bee*-trees4 ,:5 "y x is ela/ic & turgid1 ) picture a smoo? surface2 b :5 mature x %r9ks1 becomes t\gh]1 & has its entire surface deeply pitt$ or honey-comb$1 z repres5t$ 9 ! accompany+ woodcut4 ,?is fungus belongs to a new & curi\s g5us1 #d ,i f\nd a second species on ano!r species ( bee* 9 ,*ile3 & ,dr4 ,hook] in=ms me1 t j lately a ?ird species has be5 discov]$ on a ?ird species ( bee* 9 ,van ,di]nan's ,l&4 ,h[ s+ul> is ?is relation%ip betwe5 p>asitical fungi & ! trees on :i* !y gr[1 9 di/ant p>ts ( ! _w6 ,9 ,ti]ra del ,fuego ! fungus 9 its t\gh & mature /ate is collect$ 9 l>ge quantities by ! wom5 & *ildr51 & is eat5 un-cook$4 ,x has a mucilag9\s1 slightly sweet ta/e1 ) a fa9t smell l t ( a mu%room4 ,) ! exception ( a few b]ries1 *iefly ( a dw>f arbutus1 ! natives eat no vegetable food besides ?is fungus4 ,9 ,new ,zeal&1 be=e ! introduction ( ! potato1 ! roots ( ! f]n 7 l>gely consum$2 at ! pres5t "t1 ,i believe1 ,ti]ra del ,fuego is ! only c\ntry 9 ! _w :]e a cryptogamic plant af=ds a /aple article ( food4 ,! zoology ( ,ti]ra del ,fuego1 z might h be5 expect$ f ! nature ( its climate & vegetation1 is v poor4 ,( mammalia1 besides :ales & seals1 !re is "o bat1 a k9d ( m\se 7,rei?rodon *9*illoides71 two true mice1 a ct5omys alli$ to or id5tical ) ! tucutuco1 two foxes 7,canis ,magellanicus & ,c4 ,az>ae71 a sea-ott]1 ! guanaco1 & a de]4 ,mo/ ( ^! animals inhabit only ! dri] ea/]n p>ts ( ! c\ntry2 & ! de] has nev] be5 se5 s\? ( ! ,/rait ( ,magellan4 ,obs]v+ ! g5]al correspond5ce ( ! cliffs ( s(t s&/one1 mud1 & %+le1 on ! opposite sides ( ! ,/rait1 & on "s int]v5+ isl&s1 "o is /rongly tempt$ to believe t ! l& 0 once jo9$1 & ?us all[$ animals s delicate & helpless z ! tucutuco & ,rei?rodon to pass ov]4 ,! correspond5ce ( ! cliffs is f> f prov+ any junction2 because su* cliffs g5]ally are =m$ by ! int]section ( slop+ deposits1 :i*1 be=e ! elevation ( ! l&1 _h be5 accumulat$ ne> ! !n exi/+ %ores4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 a rem>kable co9cid5ce1 t 9 ! two l>ge isl&s cut (f by ! ,beagle ,*annel f ! re/ ( ,ti]ra del ,fuego1 "o has cliffs compos$ ( matt] t may be call$ /ratifi$ alluvium1 :i* front simil> ones on ! opposite side ( ! *annel1--:ile ! o!r is exclusively bord]$ by old cry/all9e rocks3 9 ! =m]1 call$ ,nav>9 ,isl&1 bo? foxes & guanacos occur2 b 9 ! latt]1 ,ho/e ,isl&1 al?\gh simil> 9 e respect1 & only sep>at$ by a *annel a little m ?an half a mile wide1 ,i h ! ^w ( ,jemmy ,button = say+ t nei!r ( ^! animals are f\nd4 ,! gloomy woods are inhabit$ by few birds3 occasionally ! pla9tive note ( a :ite-tuft$ tyrant-flycat*] 7,myiobius albiceps7 may be he>d1 conceal$ ne> ! summit ( ! mo/ l(ty trees2 & m r>ely ! l\d /range cry ( a black wood-peck]1 ) a f9e sc>let cre/ on its head4 ,a little1 dusky-col\r$ wr5 7,scytalopus ,magellanicus7 hops 9 a skulk+ mann] among ! entangl$ mass ( ! fall5 & decay+ trunks4 ,b ! creep] 7,oxyurus tup9i]i7 is ! commone/ bird 9 ! c\ntry4 ,?r\gh\t ! bee* =e/s1 high up & l[ d[n1 9 ! mo/ gloomy1 wet1 & imp5etrable rav9es1 x may be met )4 ,?is little bird no d\bt appe>s m num]\s ?an x really is1 f its habit ( foll[+ ) seem+ curiosity any p]son :o ent]s ^! sil5t woods3 cont9ually utt]+ a h>% twitt]1 x flutt]s f tree to tree1 )9 a few feet ( ! intrud]'s face4 ,x is f> f wi%+ = ! mode/ concealm5t ( ! true creep] 7,c]?ia famili>is72 nor does x1 l t bird1 run up ! trunks ( trees1 b indu/ri\sly1 aft] ! mann] ( a will[-wr51 hops ab\t1 & se>*es = insects on e twig & bran*4 ,9 ! m op5 p>ts1 ?ree or f\r species ( f9*es1 a ?ru%1 a />l+ 7or ,ict]us71 two ,opetiorhyn*i1 & sev]al hawks & owls occur4 ,! abs5ce ( any species :atev] 9 ! :ole class ( ,reptiles1 is a m>k$ feature 9 ! zoology ( ?is c\ntry1 z well z 9 t ( ! ,falkl& ,isl&s4 ,i d n gr\nd ?is /atem5t m]ely on my own obs]vation1 b ,i he>d x f ! ,spani% inhabitants ( ! latt] place1 & f ,jemmy ,button ) reg>d to ,ti]ra del ,fuego4 ,on ! banks ( ! ,santa ,cruz1 9 #ej degs4 s\?1 ,i saw a frog2 & x is n improbable t ^! animals1 z well z liz>ds1 may be f\nd z f> s\? z ! ,/rait ( ,magellan1 :]e ! c\ntry reta9s ! "* ( ,patagonia2 b )9 ! damp & cold limit ( ,ti]ra del ,fuego n "o occurs4 ,t ! climate w\ld n h suit$ "s ( ! ord]s1 su* z liz>ds1 might h be5 =ese52 b ) respect to frogs1 ?is 0 n s obvi\s4 ,beetles occur 9 v small numb]s3 x 0 long be=e ,i c\ld believe t a c\ntry z l>ge z ,scotl&1 cov]$ ) vegetable productions & ) a v>iety ( /ations1 c\ld be s unproductive4 ,! few :i* ,i f\nd 7 alp9e species 7,h>palidae & ,het]omidae7 liv+ "u /ones4 ,! vegetable-fe$+ ,*rysomelidae1 s em95tly *>act]i/ic ( ! ,tropics1 are "h almo/ entirely abs5t2 #e ,i saw v few flies1 butt]flies1 or bees1 & no crickets or ,or?opt]a4 ,9 ! pools ( wat] ,i f\nd b a few aquatic beetles1 & n any fre%-wat] %ells3 ,succ9ea at fir/ appe>s an exception2 b "h x mu/ be call$ a t]re/rial %ell1 = x lives on ! damp h]bage f> f ! wat]4 ,l&-%ells c\ld be procur$ only 9 ! same alp9e situations ) ! beetles4 ,i h already contra/$ ! climate z well z ! g5]al appe>ance ( ,ti]ra del ,fuego ) t ( ,patagonia2 & ! diff]5ce is /rongly exemplifi$ 9 ! entomology4 ,i d n believe !y h "o species 9 common2 c]ta9ly ! g5]al "* ( ! insects is widely diff]5t4 ,if we turn f ! l& to ! sea1 we %all f9d ! latt] z abundantly /ock$ ) liv+ creatures z ! =m] is poorly s4 ,9 all p>ts ( ! _w a rocky & p>tially protect$ %ore p]haps supports1 9 a giv5 space1 a great] numb] ( individual animals ?an any o!r /ation4 ,!re is "o m>9e production :i*1 f its importance1 is wor?y ( a p>ticul> hi/ory4 ,x is ! kelp1 or ,macrocy/is pyrif]a4 ,?is plant gr[s on e rock f l[-wat] m>k to a great dep?1 bo? on ! out] coa/ & )9 ! *annels4 #f ,i believe1 dur+ ! voyages ( ! ,adv5ture & ,beagle1 n "o rock ne> ! surface 0 discov]$ :i* 0 n buoy$ by ?is float+ we$4 ,! good s]vice x ?us af=ds to vessels navigat+ ne> ?is /ormy l& is evid5t2 & x c]ta9ly has sav$ _m a "o f be+ wreck$4 ,i "k few ?+s m surpris+ ?an to see ?is plant gr[+ & fl\ri%+ amid/ ^? great break]s ( ! we/]n ocean1 :i* no mass ( rock1 let x be ev] s h>d1 c long resi/4 ,! /em is r\nd1 slimy1 & smoo?1 & seldom has a diamet] ( s mu* z an in*4 ,a few tak5 toge!r are suffici5tly /rong to support ! weight ( ! l>ge loose /ones1 to :i* 9 ! inl& *annels !y gr[ atta*$2 & yet "s ( ^! /ones 7 s heavy t :5 drawn to ! surface1 !y c\ld sc>cely be lift$ into a boat by "o p]son4 ,capta9 ,cook1 9 8 second voyage1 says1 t ?is plant at ,k]guel5 ,l& rises f a great] dep? ?an tw5ty-f\r fa?oms2 & z x does n gr[ 9 a p]p5dicul> direction1 b makes a v acute angle ) ! bottom1 & mu* ( x aft]w>ds spreads _m fa?oms on ! surface ( ! sea1 ,i am well w>rant$ to say t "s ( x gr[s to ! l5g? ( sixty fa?oms & upw>ds4 ,i d n suppose ! /em ( any o!r plant atta9s s great a l5g? z ?ree hundr$ & sixty feet1 z /at$ by ,capta9 ,cook4 ,capta9 ,fitz ,roy1 moreov]1 f\nd x gr[+ #g up f ! great] dep? ( =ty-five fa?oms4 ,! b$s ( ?is sea-we$1 ev5 :5 ( n great bread?1 make excell5t natural float+ breakwat]s4 ,x is q curi\s to see1 9 an expos$ h>b\r1 h[ soon ! waves f ! op5 sea1 z !y travel ?r\gh ! /raggl+ /ems1 s9k 9 height1 & pass into smoo? wat]4 ,! numb] ( liv+ creatures ( all ,ord]s1 ^: exi/5ce intimately dep5ds on ! kelp1 is wond]ful4 ,a great volume might be writt51 describ+ ! inhabitants ( "o ( ^! b$s ( sea-we$4 ,almo/ all ! leaves1 except+ ^? t float on ! surface1 are s ?ickly incru/$ ) corall9es z to be ( a :ite col\r4 ,we f9d exquisitely delicate /ructures1 "s inhabit$ by simple hydra-l polypi1 o!rs by m organiz$ k9ds1 & beautiful comp\nd ,ascidiae4 ,on ! leaves1 also1 v>i\s patelli=m %ells1 ,tro*i1 uncov]$ molluscs1 & "s bivalves are atta*$4 ,innum]able cru/acea frequ5t e "p ( ! plant4 ,on %ak+ ! great entangl$ roots1 a pile ( small fi%1 %ells1 cuttle-fi%1 crabs ( all ord]s1 sea-eggs1 />-fi%1 beautiful ,holu?uriae1 ,plan>iae1 & crawl+ n]eid\s animals ( a multitude ( =ms1 all fall out toge!r4 ,(t5 z ,i recurr$ to a bran* ( ! kelp1 ,i nev] fail$ to discov] animals ( new & curi\s /ructures4 ,9 ,*iloe1 :]e ! kelp does n ?rive v well1 ! num]\s %ells1 corall9es1 & cru/acea are abs5t2 b !re yet rema9 a few ( ! ,flu/raceae1 & "s comp\nd ,ascidiae2 ! latt]1 h[ev]1 are ( diff]5t species f ^? 9 ,ti]ra del ,fuego3 we see "h ! fucus possess+ a wid] range ?an ! animals :i* use x z an abode4 ,i c only comp>e ^! great aquatic =e/s ( ! s\!rn hemisph]e ) ! t]re/rial ones 9 ! int]tropical regions4 ,yet if 9 any c\ntry a =e/ 0 de/roy$1 ,i d n believe ne>ly s _m species ( animals w\ld p]i% z w\ld "h1 f ! de/ruction ( ! kelp4 ,amid/ ! leaves ( ?is plant num]\s species ( fi% live1 :i* n[h]e else c\ld f9d food or %elt]2 ) _! de/ruction ! _m cormorants & o!r fi%+ birds1 ! ott]s1 seals1 & porpoises1 w\ld soon p]i% also2 & la/ly1 ! ,fuegian savage1 ! mis]able "l ( ?is mis]able l&1 w\ld r$\ble 8 cannibal fea/1 decrease 9 numb]s1 & p]haps cease to exi/4 ,june #h?4--,we weigh$ an*or e>ly 9 ! morn+ & left ,port ,fam9e4 ,capta9 ,fitz ,roy det]m9$ to leave ! ,/rait ( ,magellan by ! ,magdal5 ,*annel1 :i* _h n long be5 discov]$4 ,our c\rse lay due s\?1 d[n t gloomy passage :i* ,i h be=e allud$ to z appe>+ to lead to ano!r & worse _w4 ,! w9d 0 fair1 b ! atmosph]e 0 v ?ick2 s t we miss$ mu* curi\s sc5]y4 ,! d>k ragg$ cl\ds 7 rapidly driv5 ov] ! m\nta9s1 f _! summits ne>ly d[n to _! bases4 ,! glimpses :i* we caught ?r\gh ! dusky mass 7 highly int]e/+2 jagg$ po9ts1 cones ( sn[1 blue glaci]s1 /rong outl9es1 m>k$ on a lurid sky1 7 se5 at diff]5t di/ances & heights4 ,9 ! mid/ ( su* sc5]y we an*or$ at ,cape ,turn1 close to ,m\nt ,s>mi5to1 :i* 0 !n hidd5 9 ! cl\ds4 ,at ! base ( ! l(ty & almo/ p]p5dicul> sides ( our little cove !re 0 "o des]t$ wigwam1 & x alone rem9d$ u t man sometimes w&]$ into ^! desolate regions4 ,b x w\ld be difficult to imag9e a sc5e :]e he seem$ to h few] claims or less au?ority4 ,! inanimate works ( nature--rock1 ice1 sn[1 w9d1 & wat]--all w>r+ ) ea* o!r1 yet comb9$ aga9/ man--"h reign$ 9 absolute sov]eignty4 ,june #i?4--,9 ! morn+ we 7 delight$ by see+ ! veil ( mi/ gradually rise f ,s>mi5to1 & display x to our view4 ,?is m\nta91 :i* is "o ( ! highe/ 9 ,ti]ra del ,fuego1 has an altitude ( #fhjj feet4 ,its base1 = ab\t an eigh? ( its total height1 is clo!d by dusky woods1 & above ?is a field ( sn[ ext5ds to ! summit4 ,^! va/ piles ( sn[1 :i* nev] melt1 & seem de/9$ to la/ z long z ! _w holds toge!r1 pres5t a noble & ev5 sublime spectacle4 ,! outl9e ( ! m\nta9 0 admirably cle> & def9$4 ,ow+ to ! abundance ( light reflect$ f ! :ite & glitt]+ surface1 no %ad[s 7 ca/ on any "p2 & ^? l9es :i* int]sect$ ! sky c\ld alone be di/+ui%$3 h5ce ! mass /ood out 9 ! bolde/ relief4 ,sev]al glaci]s desc5d$ 9 a w9d+ c\rse f ! upp] great expanse ( sn[ to ! sea-coa/3 !y may be lik5$ to great froz5 ,niag>as2 & p]haps ^! cat>acts ( blue ice are full z beautiful z ! mov+ ones ( wat]4 ,by night we rea*$ ! we/]n "p ( ! *annel2 b ! wat] 0 s deep t no an*orage c\ld be f\nd4 ,we 7 9 consequ5ce oblig$ to /& (f & on 9 ?is n>r[ arm ( ! sea1 dur+ a pit*-d>k night ( f\rte5 h\rs long4 ,june #aj?4--,9 ! morn+ we made ! be/ ( our way into ! op5 ,pacific4 ,! we/]n coa/ g5]ally consi/s ( l[1 r\nd$1 q b>r5 hills ( granite & gre5/one4 ,sir ,j4 ,n>bor\gh call$ "o "p ,s\? ,desolation1 because x is s desolate a l& to behold3 & well inde$ might he say s4 ,outside ! ma9 isl&s1 !re are numb]less scatt]$ rocks on :i* ! long swell ( ! op5 ocean incessantly rages4 ,we pass$ out betwe5 ! ,ea/ & ,we/ ,furies2 & a little f>!r nor?w>d !re are s _m break]s t ! sea is call$ ! ,milky ,way4 ,"o sight ( su* a coa/ is en\gh to make a l&sman dream = a week ab\t %ipwrecks1 p]il1 & dea?2 & ) ?is sight we bade f>ewell = ev] to ,ti]ra del ,fuego4 ,! foll[+ discussion on ! climate ( ! s\!rn p>ts ( ! cont95t ) relation to its productions1 on ! sn[-l9e1 on ! extraord9>ily l[ desc5t ( ! glaci]s1 & on ! zone ( p]petual congelation 9 ! ant>ctic isl&s1 may be pass$ ov] by any "o n int]e/$ 9 ^! curi\s subjects1 or ! f9al recapitulation alone may be read4 ,i %all1 h[ev]1 "h give only an ab/ract1 & mu/ ref] = details to ! ,?irte5? ,*apt] & ! ,app5dix ( ! =m] edition ( ?is "w4 ,on ! ,climate & ,productions ( ,ti]ra del ,fuego & ( ! ,s\?-we/ ,coa/4--,! foll[+ table gives ! mean temp]ature ( ,ti]ra del ,fuego1 ! ,falkl& ,isl&s1 &1 = comp>ison1 t ( ,dubl93-- ,summ] ,w9t] ,mean ( ,summ] ,latitude ,temp4 ,temp4 & ,w9t] ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ,ti]ra del ,fuego #ec #ch' ,s4 #ej #cc4jh #da4ed ,falkl& ,isl&s #ea #ch' ,s4 #ea -- -- ,dubl9 #ec #ba' ,n4 #ei4ed #ci4b #di4cg ,h5ce we see t ! c5tral "p ( ,ti]ra del ,fuego is cold] 9 w9t]1 & no less ?an #i4e degs4 less hot 9 summ]1 ?an ,dubl94 ,accord+ to von ,bu*1 ! mean temp]ature ( ,july 7n ! hotte/ mon? 9 ! ye>7 at ,salt5fiord 9 ,norway1 is z high z #eg4h degs41 & ?is place is actually #ac degs4 ne>] ! pole ?an ,port ,fam9e6 #h ,inhospitable z ?is climate appe>s to our feel+s ev]gre5 trees fl\ri% luxuriantly "u x4 ,humm+-birds may be se5 suck+ ! fl[]s1 & p>rots fe$+ on ! se$s ( ! ,w9t]'s ,b>k1 9 lat4 #ee degs4 ,s4 ,i h already rem>k$ to :at a degree ! sea sw>ms ) liv+ creatures2 & ! %ells 7su* z ! ,patellae1 ,fissurellae1 ,*itons1 & ,b>nacles71 accord+ to ,mr4 ,g4 ,b4 ,s[]by1 are ( a mu* l>g] size & ( a m vigor\s gr[?1 ?an ! analog\s species 9 ! nor!rn hemisph]e4 ,a l>ge ,voluta is abundant 9 s\!rn ,ti]ra del ,fuego & ! ,falkl& ,isl&s4 ,at ,bahia ,blanca1 9 lat4 #ci degs4 ,s41 ! mo/ abundant %ells 7 ?ree species ( ,oliva 7"o ( l>ge size71 "o or two ,volutas1 & a ,t]ebra4 ,n[1 ^! are among/ ! be/ *>act]iz$ tropical =ms4 ,x is d\btful :e!r ev5 "o small species ( ,oliva exi/s on ! s\!rn %ores ( ,europe1 & !re are no species ( ! two o!r g5]a4 ,if a geologi/ 7 to f9d 9 lat #ci degs4 on ! coa/ ( ,portugal a b$ conta9+ num]\s %ells belong+ to ?ree species ( ,oliva1 to a ,voluta & ,t]ebra1 he w\ld probably ass]t t ! climate at ! p]iod ( _! exi/5ce mu/ h be5 tropical2 b judg+ f ,s\? ,am]ica1 su* an inf]5ce might be errone\s4 ,! equable1 humid1 & w9dy climate ( ,ti]ra del ,fuego ext5ds1 ) only a small increase ( heat1 = _m degrees along ! we/ coa/ ( ! cont95t4 ,! =e/s = #fjj miles nor?w>d ( ,cape ,horn1 h a v simil> aspect4 ,z a pro( ( ! equable climate1 ev5 = #cjj or #djj miles /ill fur!r nor?w>d1 ,i may m5tion t 9 ,*iloe 7correspond+ 9 latitude ) ! nor!rn p>ts ( ,spa97 ! pea* seldom produces fruit1 :il/ /rawb]ries & apples ?rive to p]fection4 ,ev5 ! crops ( b>ley & :eat #i are (t5 br\ght into ! h\ses to be dri$ & rip5$4 ,at ,valdivia 79 ! same latitude ( #dj degs41 ) ,madrid7 grapes & figs rip51 b are n common2 olives seldom rip5 ev5 p>tially1 & oranges n at all4 ,^! fruits1 9 correspond+ latitudes 9 ,europe1 are well kn[n to succe$ to p]fection2 & ev5 9 ?is cont95t1 at ! ,rio ,negro1 "u ne>ly ! same p>allel ) ,valdivia1 sweet potatoes 7convolvulus7 are cultivat$2 & grapes1 figs1 olives1 oranges1 wat] & musk melons1 produce abundant fruit4 ,al?\gh ! humid & equable climate ( ,*iloe1 & ( ! coa/ nor?w>d & s\?w>d ( x1 is s unfav\rable to our fruits1 yet ! native =e/s1 f lat4 #de to #ch degs41 almo/ rival 9 luxuriance ^? ( ! gl[+ int]tropical regions4 ,/ately trees ( _m k9ds1 ) smoo? & highly col\r$ b>ks1 are load$ by p>asitical monocotyl$on\s plants2 l>ge & elegant f]ns are num]\s1 & arboresc5t grasses entw9e ! trees into "o entangl$ mass to ! height ( ?irty or =ty feet above ! gr\nd4 ,palm-trees gr[ 9 lat #cg degs42 an arboresc5t grass1 v l a bamboo1 9 #dj degs42 & ano!r closely alli$ k9d1 ( great l5g?1 b n erect1 fl\ri%es ev5 z f> s\? z #de degs4 ,s4 ,an equable climate1 evid5tly due to ! l>ge area ( sea comp>$ ) ! l&1 seems to ext5d ov] ! great] "p ( ! s\!rn hemisph]e2 &1 z a consequ5ce1 ! vegetation p>takes ( a semi-tropical "*4 ,tree-f]ns ?rive luxuriantly 9 ,van ,diem5's ,l& 7lat4 #de degs471 & ,i measur$ "o trunk no less ?an six feet 9 circumf]5ce4 ,an arboresc5t f]n 0 f\nd by ,=/] 9 ,new ,zeal& 9 #df degs41 :]e or*ide\s plants are p>asitical on ! trees4 ,9 ! ,auckl& ,isl&s1 f]ns1 accord+ to ,dr4 ,dieff5ba* #aj h trunks s ?ick & high t !y may be almo/ call$ tree-f]ns2 & 9 ^! isl&s1 & ev5 z f> s\? z lat4 #ee degs4 9 ! ,macqu>rie ,isl&s1 p>rots ab\nd4 ,on ! ,height ( ! ,sn[-l9e1 & on ! ,desc5t ( ! ,glaci]s 9 ,s\? ,am]ica4--,= ! detail$ au?orities = ! foll[+ table1 ,i mu/ ref] to ! =m] edition3-- ,height 9 feet ,latitude ( ,sn[-l9e ,obs]v] ---------------------------------------- ------------------------ ,equatorial region2 mean result #ae1gdh ,humboldt4 ,bolivia1 lat4 #af to #ah degs4 ,s4 #ag1jjj ,p5tl&4 ,c5tral ,*ile1 lat4 #cc degs4 ,s4 #ad1ejj - #ae1jjj ,gillies1 & ! ,au?or4 ,*iloe1 lat4 #da to #dc degs4 ,s4 #f1jjj ,(fic]s ( ! ,beagle & ! ,au?or4 ,ti]ra del ,fuego1 #ed degs4 ,s4 #c1ejj - #d1jjj ,k+4 ,z ! height ( ! plane ( p]petual sn[ seems *iefly to be det]m9$ by ! extreme heat ( ! summ]1 r ?an by ! mean temp]ature ( ! ye>1 we ought n to be surpris$ at its desc5t 9 ! ,/rait ( ,magellan1 :]e ! summ] is s cool1 to only #cejj or #djjj feet above ! level ( ! sea2 al?\gh 9 ,norway1 we mu/ travel to betwe5 lat4 #fg & #gj degs4 ,n41 t is1 ab\t #ad degs4 ne>] ! pole1 to meet ) p]petual sn[ at ?is l[ level4 ,! diff]5ce 9 height1 namely1 ab\t #ijjj feet1 betwe5 ! sn[-l9e on ! ,cordill]a beh9d ,*iloe 7) its highe/ po9ts rang+ f only #efjj to #gejj feet7 & 9 c5tral ,*ile #aa 7a di/ance ( only #i degs4 ( latitude71 is truly wond]ful4 ,! l& f ! s\?w>d ( ,*iloe to ne> ,concepcion 7lat4 #cg degs47 is hidd5 by "o d5se =e/ dripp+ ) moi/ure4 ,! sky is cl\dy1 & we h se5 h[ badly ! fruits ( s\!rn ,europe succe$4 ,9 c5tral ,*ile1 on ! o!r h&1 a little nor?w>d ( ,concepcion1 ! sky is g5]ally cle>1 ra9 does n fall = ! sev5 summ] mon?s1 & s\!rn ,european fruits succe$ admirably2 & ev5 ! sug>-cane has be5 cultivat$4 #ab ,no d\bt ! plane ( p]petual sn[ und]goes ! above rem>kable flexure ( #ijjj feet1 unp>allel$ 9 o!r p>ts ( ! _w1 n f> f ! latitude ( ,concepcion1 :]e ! l& ceases to be cov]$ ) =e/-trees2 = trees 9 ,s\? ,am]ica indicate a ra9y climate1 & ra9 a cl\d$ sky & little heat 9 summ]4 ,! desc5t ( glaci]s to ! sea mu/1 ,i conceive1 ma9ly dep5d 7subject1 ( c\rse1 to a prop] supply ( sn[ 9 ! upp] region7 on ! l[ness ( ! l9e ( p]petual sn[ on /eep m\nta9s ne> ! coa/4 ,z ! sn[-l9e is s l[ 9 ,ti]ra del ,fuego1 we might h expect$ t _m ( ! glaci]s w\ld h rea*$ ! sea4 ,nev]!less1 ,i 0 a/oni%$ :5 ,i fir/ saw a range1 only f #cjjj to #djjj feet 9 height1 9 ! latitude ( ,cumb]l&1 ) e valley fill$ ) /reams ( ice desc5d+ to ! sea-coa/4 ,almo/ e arm ( ! sea1 :i* p5etrates to ! int]ior high] *a91 n only 9 ,ti]ra del ,fuego1 b on ! coa/ = #fej miles nor?w>ds1 is t]m9at$ by trem5d\s & a/oni%+ glaci]s1 z describ$ by "o ( ! (fic]s on ! survey4 ,great masses ( ice frequ5tly fall f ^! icy cliffs1 & ! cra% rev]b]ates l ! broadside ( a man-(-w> ?r\gh ! lonely *annels4 ,^! falls1 z notic$ 9 ! la/ *apt]1 produce great waves :i* break on ! adjo9+ coa/s4 ,x is kn[n t e>?quakes frequ5tly cause masses ( e>? to fall f sea-cliffs3 h[ t]rific1 !n1 w\ld be ! effect ( a sev]e %ock 7& su* occur "h #ac7 on a body l a glaci]1 already 9 motion1 & trav]s$ by fissures6 ,i c readily believe t ! wat] w\ld be fairly beat5 back out ( ! deepe/ *annel1 & !n1 return+ ) an ov]:elm+ =ce1 w\ld :irl ab\t huge masses ( rock l s mu* *aff4 ,9 ,eyre's ,s\nd1 9 ! latitude ( ,p>is1 !re are imm5se glaci]s1 & yet ! l(tie/ neighb\r+ m\nta9 is only #fbjj feet high4 ,9 ?is ,s\nd1 ab\t fifty iceb]gs 7 se5 at "o "t float+ outw>ds1 & "o ( !m mu/ h be5 at lea/ #afh feet 9 total height4 ,"s ( ! iceb]gs 7 load$ ) blocks ( no inconsid]able size1 ( granite & o!r rocks1 diff]5t f ! clay-slate ( ! surr\nd+ m\nta9s4 ,! glaci] fur!/ f ! pole1 survey$ dur+ ! voyages ( ! ,adv5ture & ,beagle1 is 9 lat4 #df degs4 #ej'1 9 ! ,gulf ( ,p5as4 ,x is #ae miles long1 & 9 "o "p #g broad & desc5ds to ! sea-coa/4 ,b ev5 a few miles nor?w>d ( ?is glaci]1 9 ,laguna de ,san picture ,rafael1 "s ,spani% mission>ies #ad enc\nt]$ _m iceb]gs1 "s great1 "s small1 & o!rs middle-siz$1 9 a n>r[ arm ( ! sea1 on ! #bbnd ( ! mon? correspond+ ) our ,june1 & 9 a latitude correspond+ ) t ( ! ,lake ( ,g5eva6 ,9 ,europe1 ! mo/ s\!rn glaci] :i* comes d[n to ! sea is met )1 accord+ to ,von ,bu*1 on ! coa/ ( ,norway1 9 lat4 #fg degs4 ,n[1 ?is is m ?an #bj degs4 ( latitude1 or #abcj miles1 ne>] ! pole ?an ! ,laguna de ,san ,rafael4 ,! position ( ! glaci]s at ?is place & 9 ! ,gulf ( ,p5as may be put ev5 9 a m /rik+ po9t ( view1 = !y desc5d to ! sea-coa/ )9 #g4e degs4 ( latitude1 or #dej miles1 ( a h>b\r1 :]e ?ree species ( ,oliva1 a ,voluta1 & a ,t]ebra1 are ! commone/ %ells1 )9 less ?an #i degs4 f :]e palms gr[1 )9 #d4e degs4 ( a region :]e ! jagu> & puma range ov] ! pla9s1 less ?an #b4e degs4 f arboresc5t grasses1 & 7look+ to ! we/w>d 9 ! same hemisph]e7 less ?an #b degs4 f or*ide\s p>asites1 & )9 a s+le degree ( tree-f]ns6 ,^! facts are ( high geological int]e/ ) respect to ! climate ( ! nor!rn hemisph]e at ! p]iod :5 b\ld]s 7 transport$4 ,i w n "h detail h[ simply ! !ory ( iceb]gs be+ *>g$ ) fragm5ts ( rock1 expla9 ! orig9 & position ( ! gigantic b\ld]s ( ea/]n ,ti]ra del ,fuego1 on ! high pla9 ( ,santa ,cruz1 & on ! isl& ( ,*iloe4 ,9 ,ti]ra del ,fuego1 ! great] numb] ( b\ld]s lie on ! l9es ( old sea-*annels1 n[ conv]t$ into dry valleys by ! elevation ( ! l&4 ,!y are associat$ ) a great un/ratifi$ =mation ( mud & s&1 conta9+ r\nd$ & angul> fragm5ts ( all sizes1 :i* has orig9at$ #ae 9 ! repeat$ pl\gh+ up ( ! sea-bottom by ! /r&+ ( iceb]gs1 & by ! matt] transport$ on !m4 ,few geologi/s n[ d\bt t ^? erratic b\ld]s :i* lie ne> l(ty m\nta9s h be5 pu%$ =w>d by ! glaci]s !mselves1 & t ^? di/ant f m\nta9s1 & emb$d$ 9 subaque\s deposits1 h be5 convey$ ?i!r ei!r on iceb]gs or froz5 9 coa/-ice4 ,! connection betwe5 ! transportal ( b\ld]s & ! pres5ce ( ice 9 "s =m1 is /rik+ly %[n by _! geographical di/ribution ov] ! e>?4 ,9 ,s\? ,am]ica !y are n f\nd fur!r ?an #dh degs4 ( latitude1 measur$ f ! s\!rn pole2 9 ,nor? ,am]ica x appe>s t ! limit ( _! transportal ext5ds to #ec4e degs4 f ! nor!rn pole2 b 9 ,europe to n m ?an #dj degs4 ( latitude1 measur$ f ! same po9t4 ,on ! o!r h&1 9 ! int]tropical p>ts ( ,am]ica1 ,asia1 & ,africa1 !y h nev] be5 obs]v$2 nor at ! ,cape ( ,good ,hope1 nor 9 ,au/ralia4 #af ,on ! ,climate & ,productions ( ! ,ant>ctic ,isl&s4--,consid]+ ! rankness ( ! vegetation 9 ,ti]ra del ,fuego1 & on ! coa/ nor?w>d ( x1 ! condition ( ! isl&s s\? & s\?-we/ ( ,am]ica is truly surpris+4 ,s&wi* ,l&1 9 ! latitude ( ! nor? "p ( ,scotl&1 0 f\nd by ,cook1 dur+ ! hotte/ mon? ( ! ye>1 cov]$ _m fa?oms ?ick ) ev]la/+ sn[2 & !re seems to be sc>cely any vegetation4 ,georgia1 an isl& #if miles long & #aj broad1 9 ! latitude ( ,york%ire1 9 ! v height ( summ]1 is 9 a mann] :olly cov]$ ) froz5 sn[4 ,x c boa/ only ( moss1 "s tufts ( grass1 & wild burnet2 x has only "o l&-bird 7,an?us corr5d]a71 yet ,icel&1 :i* is #aj degs4 ne>] ! pole1 has1 accord+ to ,mack5zie1 fifte5 l&-birds4 ,! ,s\? ,%etl& ,isl&s1 9 ! same latitude z ! s\!rn half ( ,norway1 possess only "s li*5s1 moss1 & a little grass2 & ,lieut4 ,k5dall #ag f\nd ! bay1 9 :i* he 0 at an*or1 beg9n+ to freeze at a p]iod correspond+ ) our #h? ( ,septemb]4 ,! soil "h consi/s ( ice & volcanic a%es int]/ratifi$2 & at a little dep? b5ea? ! surface x mu/ rema9 p]petually congeal$1 = ,lieut4 ,k5dall f\nd ! body ( a =eign sailor :i* _h long be5 buri$1 ) ! fle% & all ! features p]fectly pres]v$4 ,x is a s+ul> fact1 t on ! two great cont95ts 9 ! nor!rn hemisph]e 7b n 9 ! brok5 l& ( ,europe betwe5 !m 71 we h ! zone ( p]petually froz5 "u-soil 9 a l[ latitude--namely1 9 #ef degs4 9 ,nor? ,am]ica at ! dep? ( ?ree feet1 #ah & 9 #fb degs4 9 ,sib]ia at ! dep? ( twelve to fifte5 feet--z ! result ( a directly opposite condition ( ?+s to ^? ( ! s\!rn hemisph]e4 ,on ! nor!rn cont95ts1 ! w9t] is r5d]$ excessively cold by ! radiation f a l>ge area ( l& into a cle> sky1 nor is x mod]at$ by ! w>m?-br++ curr5ts ( ! sea2 ! %ort summ]1 on ! o!r h&1 is hot4 ,9 ! ,s\!rn ,ocean ! w9t] is n s excessively cold1 b ! summ] is f> less hot1 = ! cl\d$ sky seldom all[s ! sun to w>m ! ocean1 itself a bad absorb5t ( heat3 & h5ce ! mean temp]ature ( ! ye>1 :i* regulates ! zone ( p]petually congeal$ "u-soil1 is l[4 ,x is evid5t t a rank vegetation1 :i* does n s mu* require heat z x does protection f int5se cold1 w\ld approa* mu* ne>] to ?is zone ( p]petual congelation "u ! equable climate ( ! s\!rn hemisph]e1 ?an "u ! extreme climate ( ! nor!rn cont95ts4 ,! case ( ! sailor's body p]fectly pres]v$ 9 ! icy soil ( ! ,s\? ,%etl& ,isl&s 7lat4 #fb to #fc degs4 ,s471 9 a r l[] latitude ?an t 7lat4 #fd degs4 ,n47 "u :i* ,pallas f\nd ! froz5 rh9oc]os 9 ,sib]ia1 is v int]e/+4 ,al?\gh x is a fallacy1 z ,i h endeav\r$ to %[ 9 a =m] *apt]1 to suppose t ! l>g] quadrup$s require a luxuriant vegetation = _! support1 nev]!less x is important to f9d 9 ! ,s\? ,%etl& ,isl&s a froz5 "u-soil )9 #cfj miles ( ! =e/-clad isl&s ne> ,cape ,horn1 :]e1 z f> z ! bulk ( vegetation is conc]n$1 any numb] ( great quadrup$s might be support$4 ,! p]fect pres]vation ( ! c>casses ( ! ,sib]ian elephants & rh9oc]oses is c]ta9ly "o ( ! mo/ wond]ful facts 9 geology2 b indep5d5tly ( ! imag9$ difficulty ( supply+ !m ) food f ! adjo9+ c\ntries1 ! :ole case is n1 ,i ?9k1 s p]plex+ z x has g5]ally be5 consid]$4 ,! pla9s ( ,sib]ia1 l ^? ( ! ,pampas1 appe> to h be5 =m$ "u ! sea1 into :i* riv]s br\ght d[n ! bodies ( _m animals2 ( ! great] numb] ( ^!1 only ! skeletons h be5 pres]v$1 b ( o!rs ! p]fect c>cass4 ,n[1 x is kn[n t 9 ! %all[ sea on ! ,arctic coa/ ( ,am]ica ! bottom freezes1 #ai & does n ?aw 9 spr+ s soon z ! surface ( ! l&1 moreov] at great] dep?s1 :]e ! bottom ( ! sea does n freeze ! mud a few feet b5ea? ! top lay] might rema9 ev5 9 summ] bel[ #cb degs41 z 9 ! case on ! l& ) ! soil at ! dep? ( a few feet4 ,at /ill great] dep?s1 ! temp]ature ( ! mud & wat] w\ld probably n be l[ en\gh to pres]ve ! fle%2 & h5ce1 c>casses drift$ beyond ! %all[ p>ts ne> an ,arctic coa/1 w\ld h only _! skeletons pres]v$3 n[ 9 ! extreme nor!rn p>ts ( ,sib]ia bones are inf9itely num]\s1 s t ev5 islets are said to be almo/ compos$ ( !m2 #bj & ^? islets lie no less ?an t5 degrees ( latitude nor? ( ! place :]e ,pallas f\nd ! froz5 rh9oc]os4 ,on ! o!r h&1 a c>cass wa%$ by a flood into a %all[ "p ( ! ,arctic ,sea1 w\ld be pres]v$ = an indef9ite p]iod1 if x 7 soon aft]w>ds cov]$ ) mud suffici5tly ?ick to prev5t ! heat ( ! summ]-wat] p5etrat+ to x2 & if1 :5 ! sea-bottom 0 uprais$ into l&1 ! cov]+ 0 suffici5tly ?ick to prev5t ! heat ( ! summ] air & sun ?aw+ & corrupt+ x4 ,recapitulation4--,i w recapitulate ! pr9cipal facts ) reg>d to ! climate1 ice-action1 & organic productions ( ! s\!rn hemisph]e1 transpos+ ! places 9 imag9ation to ,europe1 ) :i* we are s mu* bett] acqua9t$4 ,!n1 ne> ,lisbon1 ! commone/ sea-%ells1 namely1 ?ree species ( ,oliva1 a ,voluta1 & a ,t]ebra1 w\ld h a tropical "*4 ,9 ! s\!rn prov9ces ( ,france1 magnific5t =e/s1 intw9$ by arboresc5t grasses & ) ! trees load$ ) p>asitical plants1 w\ld hide ! face ( ! l&4 ,! puma & ! jagu> w\ld haunt ! ,pyr5ees4 ,9 ! latitude ( ,mont ,blanc1 b on an isl& z f> we/w>d z ,c5tral ,nor? ,am]ica1 tree-f]ns & p>asitical ,or*ideae w\ld ?rive amid/ ! ?ick woods4 ,ev5 z f> nor? z c5tral ,d5m>k1 humm+-birds w\ld be se5 flutt]+ ab\t delicate fl[]s1 & p>rots fe$+ amid/ ! ev]gre5 woods2 & 9 ! sea !re1 we %\ld h a ,voluta1 & all ! %ells ( l>ge size & vigor\s gr[?4 ,nev]!less1 on "s isl&s only #cfj miles nor?w>d ( our new ,cape ,horn 9 ,d5m>k1 a c>cass buri$ 9 ! soil 7or if wa%$ into a %all[ sea1 & cov]$ up ) mud7 w\ld be pres]v$ p]petually froz54 ,if "s bold navigator attempt$ to p5etrate nor?w>d ( ^! isl&s1 he w\ld run a ?\s& dang]s amid/ gigantic iceb]gs1 on "s ( :i* he w\ld see great blocks ( rock borne f> away f _! orig9al site4 ,ano!r isl& ( l>ge size 9 ! latitude ( s\!rn ,scotl&1 b twice z f> to ! we/1 w\ld be almo/ :olly cov]$ ) ev]la/+ sn[1 & w\ld h ea* bay t]m9at$ by ice-cliffs1 :5ce great masses w\ld be ye>ly deta*$3 ?is isl& w\ld boa/ only ( a little moss1 grass1 & burnet1 & a titl>k w\ld be its only l& inhabitant4 ,f our new ,cape ,horn 9 ,d5m>k1 a *a9 ( m\nta9s1 sc>cely half ! height ( ! ,alps1 w\ld run 9 a /raight l9e due s\?w>d2 & on its we/]n flank e deep creek ( ! sea1 or fiord1 w\ld end 9 bold & a/oni%+ glaci]s4 ,^! lonely *annels w\ld frequ5tly rev]b]ate ) ! falls ( ice1 & s (t5 w\ld great waves ru% along _! coa/s2 num]\s iceb]gs1 "s z tall z ca!drals1 & occasionally load$ ) no inconsid]able blocks ( rock1 w\ld be /r&$ on ! outly+ islets2 at int]vals viol5t e>?quakes w\ld %oot prodigi\s masses ( ice into ! wat]s bel[4 ,la/ly1 "s mission>ies attempt+ to p5etrate a long arm ( ! sea1 w\ld behold ! n l(ty surr\nd+ m\nta9s1 s5d+ d[n _! _m gr& icy /reams to ! sea-coa/1 & _! progress 9 ! boats w\ld be *eck$ by ! innum]able float+ iceb]gs1 "s small & "s great2 & ?is w\ld h occurr$ on our tw5ty-second ( ,june1 & :]e ! ,lake ( ,g5eva is n[ spread out6 #ba #a ,! s\?-we/]ly breezes are g5]ally v dry4 ,janu>y #bi?1 be+ at an*or "u ,cape ,gregory3 a v h>d gale f ,w4 by ,s41 cle> sky ) few cumuli2 temp]ature #eg degs41 dew-po9t #cf degs41--diff]5ce #ba degs4 ,on ,janu>y #ae?1 at ,port ,/4 ,julian3 9 ! morn+1 light w9ds ) mu* ra91 foll[$ by a v heavy squall ) ra91--settl$ into heavy gale ) l>ge cumuli1--cle>$ up1 bl[+ v /rong f ,s4,s4,w4 ,temp]ature #fj degs41 dew-po9t #db degs41--diff]5ce #ah degs4 #b ,r5gg]1 ,natur4 d] ,saeuge?i]e von ,p>aguay4 ,s4 #ccd4 #c ,capta9 ,fitz ,roy in=ms me t 9 ,april 7our ,octob]71 ! leaves ( ^? trees :i* gr[ ne> ! base ( ! m\nta9s *ange col\r1 b n ^? on ! m elevat$ p>ts4 ,i rememb] hav+ read "s obs]vations1 %[+ t 9 ,engl& ! leaves fall e>li] 9 a w>m & f9e autumn ?an 9 a late & cold "o1 ,! *ange 9 ! col\r be+ "h ret>d$ 9 ! m elevat$1 & !re=e cold] situations1 mu/ be ow+ to ! same g5]al law ( vegetation4 ,! trees ( ,ti]ra del ,fuego dur+ no "p ( ! ye> entirely %$ _! leaves4 #d ,describ$ f my specim5s & notes by ! ,rev4 ,j4 ,m4 ,b]keley1 9 ! ,l9nean ,transactions 7vol4 xix4 p4 #cg71 "u ! "n ( ,cytt>ia ,d>w9ii2 ! ,*ilean species is ! ,c4 ,b]t]oii4 ,?is g5us is alli$ to ,bulg>ia4 #e ,i believe ,i mu/ except "o alp9e ,haltica1 & a s+le specim5 ( a ,melasoma4 ,mr4 ,wat]h\se in=ms me1 t ( ! ,h>palidae !re are eight or n9e species--! =ms ( ! great] numb] be+ v peculi>2 ( ,het]om]a1 f\r or five species2 ( ,rhyncophora1 six or sev52 & ( ! foll[+ families "o species 9 ea*3 ,/aphyl9idae1 ,elat]idae1 ,cebrionidae1 ,melolon?idae4 ,! species 9 ! o!r ord]s are ev5 few]4 ,9 all ! ord]s1 ! sc>city ( ! individuals is ev5 m rem>kable ?an t ( ! species4 ,mo/ ( ! ,coleopt]a h be5 c>efully describ$ by ,mr4 ,wat]h\se 9 ! ,annals ( ,nat4 ,hi/4 #f ,its geographical range is rem>kably wide2 x is f\nd f ! extreme s\!rn islets ne> ,cape ,horn1 z f> nor? on ! ea/]n coa/ 7accord+ to in=mation giv5 me by ,mr4 ,/okes7 z lat4 #dc degs41--b on ! we/]n coa/1 z ,dr4 ,hook] tells me1 x ext5ds to ! ,r4 ,san ,francisco 9 ,cali=nia1 & p]haps ev5 to ,kamts*atka4 ,we ?us h an imm5se range 9 latitude2 & z ,cook1 :o mu/ h be5 well acqua9t$ ) ! species1 f\nd x at ,k]guel5 ,l&1 no less ?an #adj degs4 9 longitude4 #g ,voyages ( ! ,adv5ture & ,beagle1 vol4 i4 p4 #cfc4--;,x appe>s t sea-we$ gr[s extremely quick4--,mr4 ,/eph5son f\nd 7,wilson's ,voyage r\nd ,scotl&1 vol4 ii4 p4 #bbh7 t a rock uncov]$ only at spr+-tides1 :i* _h be5 *isell$ smoo? 9 ,novemb]1 on ! foll[+ ,may1 t is1 )9 six mon?s aft]w>ds1 0 ?ickly cov]$ ) ,fucus digitatus two feet1 & ,f4 escul5tus six feet1 9 l5g?4 #h ,) reg>d to ,ti]ra del ,fuego1 ! results are d$uc$ f ! obs]vations ( ,capt4 ,k+ 7,geographical ,j\rnal1 #ahcj71 & ^? tak5 on bo>d ! ,beagle4 ,= ! ,falkl& ,isl&s1 ,i am indebt$ to ,capt4 ,sulivan = ! mean ( ! mean temp]ature 7r$uc$ f c>eful obs]vations at midnight1 #h ,a4,m41 noon1 & #h ,p4,m47 ( ! ?ree hotte/ mon?s1 viz41 ,decemb]1 ,janu>y1 & ,febru>y4 ,! temp]ature ( ,dubl9 is tak5 f ,b>ton4 #i ,agu]os1 ,descrip4 ,hi/4 de la ,prov4 de ,*iloe1 #agia1 p4 #id4 #aj ,see ! ,g]man ,translation ( ?is ,j\rnal2 & = ! o!r facts1 ,mr4 ,br[n's ,app5dix to ,fl9d]s's ,voyage4 #aa ,on ! ,cordill]a ( c5tral ,*ile1 ,i believe ! sn[-l9e v>ies exce$+ly 9 height 9 diff]5t summ]s4 ,i 0 assur$ t dur+ "o v dry & long summ]1 all ! sn[ disappe>$ f ,aconcagua1 al?\gh x atta9s ! prodigi\s height ( #bc1jjj feet4 ,x is probable t mu* ( ! sn[ at ^! great heights is evaporat$ r ?an ?aw$4 #ab ,mi]s's ,*ile1 vol4 i4 p4 #dae4 ,x is said t ! sug>-cane grew at ,+5io1 lat4 #cb to #cc degs41 b n 9 suffici5t quantity to make ! manufacture pr(itable4 ,9 ! valley ( ,quillota1 s\? ( ,+5io1 ,i saw "s l>ge date palm trees4 #ac ,bulkeley's & ,cumm9's ,fai?ful ,n>rative ( ! ,loss ( ! ,wag]4 ,! e>?quake happ5$ ,augu/ #be1 #agda4 #ad ,agu]os1 ,desc4 ,hi/4 de ,*iloe1 p4 #bbg4 #ae ,geological ,transactions1 vol4 vi4 p4 #dae4 #af ,i h giv5 details 7! fir/1 ,i believe1 publi%$7 on ?is subject 9 ! fir/ edition1 & 9 ! ,app5dix to x4 ,i h !re %[n t ! app>5t exceptions to ! abs5ce ( erratic b\ld]s 9 c]ta9 c\ntries1 are due to errone\s obs]vations2 sev]al /atem5ts !re giv5 ,i h s9ce f\nd confirm$ by v>i\s au?ors4 #ag ,geographical ,j\rnal1 #ahcj1 pp4 #fe1 #ff4 #ah ,ri*>dson's ,app5d4 to ,back's ,exp$41 & ,humboldt's ,fragm4 ,asiat41 tom4 ii4 p4 #chf4 #ai ,messrs4 ,dease & ,simpson1 9 ,geograph4 ,j\rn41 vol4 viii4 pp4 #bah & #bbj4 #bj ,cuvi] 7,ossem5s ,fossiles1 tom4 i4 p4 #aea71 f ,bill+'s ,voyage4 #ba ,9 ! =m] edition & ,app5dix1 ,i h giv5 "s facts on ! transportal ( erratic b\ld]s & iceb]gs 9 ! ,atlantic ,ocean4 ,?is subject has lately be5 treat$ excell5tly by ,mr4 ,hayes1 9 ! ,bo/on ,j\rnal 7vol4 iv4 p4 #dbf74 ,! au?or does n appe> aw>e ( a case publi%$ by me 7,geographical ,j\rnal1 vol4 ix4 p4 #ebh7 ( a gigantic b\ld] emb$d$ 9 an iceb]g 9 ! ,ant>ctic ,ocean1 almo/ c]ta9ly "o hundr$ miles di/ant f any l&1 & p]haps mu* m di/ant4 ,9 ! ,app5dix ,i h discuss$ at l5g? ! probability 7at t "t h>dly ?\ght (7 ( iceb]gs1 :5 /r&$1 groov+ & poli%+ rocks1 l glaci]s4 ,?is is n[ a v commonly receiv$ op9ion2 & ,i _c /ill avoid ! suspicion t x is applicable ev5 to su* cases z t ( ! ,jura4 ,dr4 ,ri*>dson has assur$ me t ! iceb]gs (f ,nor? ,am]ica pu% be=e !m pebbles & s&1 & leave ! subm>9e rocky flats q b>e2 x is h>dly possible to d\bt t su* l$ges mu/ be poli%$ & scor$ 9 ! direction ( ! set ( ! prevail+ curr5ts4 ,s9ce writ+ t ,app5dix1 ,i h se5 9 ,nor? ,wales 7,london ,phil4 ,mag41 vol4 xxi4 p4 #ahj7 ! adjo9+ action ( glaci]s & float+ iceb]gs4 ,,*apt] ,,xii ,,c5tral ,,*ile ,valp>aiso--,excursion to ! ,foot ( ! ,&es--,/ructure ( ! ,l&--,asc5d ! ,bell ( ,quillota--,%att]$ ,masses ( ,gre5/one--,imm5se ,valleys--,m9es--,/ate ( ,m9]s--,santiago--,hot-ba?s ( ,cauqu5es--,gold-m9es--,gr9d+-mills--,p] =at$ ,/ones--,habits ( ! ,puma--,el ,turco & ,tapacolo--,humm+-birds4 ,,july #bcrd4--,! ,beagle an*or$ late at night 9 ! bay ( ,valp>aiso1 ! *ief seaport ( ,*ile4 ,:5 morn+ came1 ev]y?+ appe>$ delightful4 ,aft] ,ti]ra del ,fuego1 ! climate felt q delici\s--! atmosph]e s dry1 & ! heav5s s cle> & blue ) ! sun %9+ brightly1 t all nature seem$ sp>kl+ ) life4 ,! view f ! an*orage is v pretty4 ,! t[n is built at ! v foot ( a range ( hills1 ab\t #afjj feet high1 & r /eep4 ,f its position1 x consi/s ( "o long1 /raggl+ /reet1 :i* runs p>allel to ! bea*1 & :]ev] a rav9e comes d[n1 ! h\ses are pil$ up on ea* side ( x4 ,! r\nd$ hills1 be+ only p>tially protect$ by a v scanty vegetation1 are worn into numb]less little gullies1 :i* expose a s+ul>ly bright r$ soil4 ,f ?is cause1 & f ! l[ :itewa%$ h\ses ) tile ro(s1 ! view rem9d$ me ( ,/4 ,cruz 9 ,t5]iffe4 ,9 a nor?-we/]ly direction !re are "s f9e glimpses ( ! ,&es3 b ^! m\nta9s appe> mu* gr&] :5 view$ f ! neighb\r+ hills3 ! great di/ance at :i* !y are situat$ c !n m readily be p]ceiv$4 ,! volcano ( ,aconcagua is p>ticul>ly magnific5t4 ,?is huge & irregul>ly conical mass has an elevation great] ?an t ( ,*imborazo2 =1 f measurem5ts made by ! (fic]s 9 ! ,beagle1 its height is no less ?an #bc1jjj feet4 ,! ,cordill]a1 h[ev]1 view$ f ?is po9t1 owe ! great] "p ( _! beauty to ! atmosph]e ?r\gh :i* !y are se54 ,:5 ! sun 0 sett+ 9 ! ,pacific1 x 0 admirable to wat* h[ cle>ly _! rugg$ outl9es c\ld be di/+ui%$1 yet h[ v>i$ & h[ delicate 7 ! %ades ( _! col\r4 ,i _h ! good =tune to f9d liv+ "h ,mr4 ,ri*>d ,corfield1 an old s*oolfell[ & fri5d1 to ^: hospitality & k9dness ,i 0 greatly indebt$1 9 hav+ af=d$ me a mo/ pleasant resid5ce dur+ ! ,beagle's /ay 9 ,*ile4 ,! imm$iate neighb\rhood ( ,valp>aiso is n v productive to ! naturali/4 ,dur+ ! long summ] ! w9d bl[s /eadily f ! s\?w>d1 & a little (f %ore1 s t ra9 nev] falls2 dur+ ! ?ree w9t] mon?s1 h[ev]1 x is suffici5tly abundant4 ,! vegetation 9 consequ5ce is v scanty3 except 9 "s deep valleys1 !re are no trees1 & only a little grass & a few l[ bu%es are scatt]$ ov] ! less /eep p>ts ( ! hills4 ,:5 we reflect1 t at ! di/ance ( #cej miles to ! s\?1 ?is side ( ! ,&es is completely hidd5 by "o imp5etrable =e/1 ! contra/ is v rem>kable4 ,i took sev]al long walks :ile collect+ objects ( natural hi/ory4 ,! c\ntry is pleasant = ex]cise4 ,!re are _m v beautiful fl[]s2 &1 z 9 mo/ o!r dry climates1 ! plants & %rubs possess /rong & peculi> od\rs--ev5 "o's clo!s by bru%+ ?r\gh !m became sc5t$4 ,i did n cease f wond] at f9d+ ea* succe$+ day z f9e z ! =ego+4 ,:at a diff]5ce does climate make 9 ! enjoym5t ( life6 ,h[ opposite are ! s5sations :5 view+ black m\nta9s half envelop$ 9 cl\ds1 & see+ ano!r range ?r\gh ! light blue haze ( a f9e day6 ,! "o = a "t may be v sublime2 ! o!r is all gaiety & happy life4 ,augu/ #ad?4--,i set out on a rid+ excursion1 = ! purpose ( geologiz+ ! basal p>ts ( ! ,&es1 :i* alone at ?is "t ( ! ye> are n %ut up by ! w9t] sn[4 ,our fir/ day's ride 0 nor?w>d along ! sea-coa/4 ,aft] d>k we rea*$ ! ,haci5da ( ,qu9t]o1 ! e/ate :i* =m]ly belong$ to ,"l ,co*rane4 ,my object 9 com+ "h 0 to see ! great b$s ( %ells1 :i* /& "s y>ds above ! level ( ! sea1 & are burnt = lime4 ,! pro(s ( ! elevation ( ?is :ole l9e ( coa/ are unequivocal3 at ! height ( a few hundr$ feet old-look+ %ells are num]\s1 & ,i f\nd "s at #acjj feet4 ,^! %ells ei!r lie loose on ! surface1 or are emb$d$ 9 a r$di%-black vegetable m\ld4 ,i 0 mu* surpris$ to f9d "u ! microscope t ?is vegetable m\ld is really m>9e mud1 full ( m9ute p>ticles ( organic bodies4 #ae?4--,we return$ t[>ds ! valley ( ,quillota4 ,! c\ntry 0 exce$+ly pleasant2 j su* z poets w\ld call pa/oral3 gre5 op5 lawns1 sep>at$ by small valleys ) rivulets1 & ! cottages1 we may suppose ( ! %eph]ds scatt]$ on ! hill-sides4 ,we 7 oblig$ to cross ! ridge ( ! ,*ilicauqu54 ,at its base !re 7 _m f9e ev]gre5 =e/-trees1 b ^! fl\ri%$ only 9 ! rav9es1 :]e !re 0 runn+ wat]4 ,any p]son :o _h se5 only ! c\ntry ne> ,valp>aiso1 w\ld nev] h imag9$ t !re _h be5 su* picturesque spots 9 ,*ile4 ,z soon z we rea*$ ! br[ ( ! ,si]ra1 ! valley ( ,quillota 0 imm$iately "u our feet4 ,! prospect 0 "o ( rem>kable artificial luxuriance4 ,! valley is v broad & q flat1 & is ?us easily irrigat$ 9 all p>ts4 ,! little squ>e g>d5s are cr[d$ ) orange & olive trees1 & e sort ( vegetable4 ,on ea* side huge b>e m\nta9s rise1 & ?is f ! contra/ r5d]s ! pat*work valley ! m pleas+4 ,:oev] call$ ,valp>aiso ! ,valley ( ,p>adise1 mu/ h be5 ?9k+ ( ,quillota4 ,we cross$ ov] to ! ,haci5da de ,san ,isidro1 situat$ at ! v foot ( ! ,bell ,m\nta94 ,*ile1 z may be se5 9 ! maps1 is a n>r[ /rip ( l& betwe5 ! ,cordill]a & ! ,pacific2 & ?is /rip is itself trav]s$ by sev]al m\nta9-l9es1 :i* 9 ?is "p run p>allel to ! great range4 ,betwe5 ^! out] l9es & ! ma9 ,cordill]a1 a succession ( level bas9s1 g5]ally op5+ into ea* o!r by n>r[ passages1 ext5d f> to ! s\?w>d3 9 ^!1 ! pr9cipal t[ns are situat$1 z ,san ,felipe1 ,santiago1 ,san ,f]n&o4 ,^! bas9s or pla9s1 toge!r ) ! transv]se flat valleys 7l t ( ,quillota7 :i* connect !m ) ! coa/1 ,i h no d\bt are ! bottoms ( anci5t inlets & deep bays1 su* z at ! pres5t day int]sect e "p ( ,ti]ra del ,fuego & ! we/]n coa/4 ,*ile mu/ =m]ly h resembl$ ! latt] c\ntry 9 ! configuration ( its l& & wat]4 ,! resemblance 0 occasionally %[n /rik+ly :5 a level fog-bank cov]$1 z ) a mantle1 all ! l[] p>ts ( ! c\ntry3 ! :ite vap\r curl+ into ! rav9es1 beautifully repres5t$ little coves & bays2 & "h & !re a solit>y hillock peep+ up1 %[$ t x _h =m]ly /ood !re z an islet4 ,! contra/ ( ^! flat valleys & bas9s ) ! irregul> m\nta9s1 gave ! sc5]y a "* :i* to me 0 new & v int]e/+4 ,f ! natural slope to seaw>d ( ^! pla9s1 !y are v easily irrigat$1 & 9 consequ5ce s+ul>ly f]tile4 ,)\t ?is process ! l& w\ld produce sc>cely any?+1 = dur+ ! :ole summ] ! sky is cl\dless4 ,! m\nta9s & hills are dott$ ov] ) bu%es & l[ trees1 & except+ ^! ! vegetation is v scanty4 ,ea* l&[n] 9 ! valley possesses a c]ta9 portion ( hill-c\ntry1 :]e 8 half-wild cattle1 9 consid]able numb]s1 manage to f9d suffici5t pa/ure4 ,once e ye> !re is a gr& rodeo1 :5 all ! cattle are driv5 d[n1 c\nt$1 & m>k$1 & a c]ta9 numb] sep>at$ to be fatt5$ 9 ! irrigat$ fields4 ,:eat is ext5sively cultivat$1 & a good deal ( ,indian corn3 a k9d ( bean is1 h[ev]1 ! /aple article ( food = ! common lab\r]s4 ,! or*>ds produce an ov]fl[+ abundance ( pea*es figs1 & grapes4 ,) all ^! advantages1 ! inhabitants ( ! c\ntry ought to be mu* m prosp]\s ?an !y are4 #af?4--,! mayor-domo ( ! ,haci5da 0 good en\gh to give me a guide & fre% horses2 & 9 ! morn+ we set out to asc5d ! ,campana1 or ,bell ,m\nta91 :i* is #fdjj feet high4 ,! pa?s 7 v bad1 b bo? ! geology & sc5]y amply repaid ! tr\ble4 ,we rea*$ by ! ev5+1 a spr+ call$ ! ,agua del ,guanaco1 :i* is situat$ at a great height4 ,?is mu/ be an old "n1 = x is v _m ye>s s9ce a guanaco drank its wat]s4 ,dur+ ! asc5t ,i notic$ t no?+ b bu%es grew on ! nor!rn slope1 :il/ on ! s\!rn slope !re 0 a bamboo ab\t fifte5 feet high4 ,9 a few places !re 7 palms1 & ,i 0 surpris$ to see "o at an elevation ( at lea/ #dejj feet4 ,^! palms are1 = _! family1 ugly trees4 ,_! /em is v l>ge1 & ( a curi\s =m1 be+ ?ick] 9 ! middle ?an at ! base or top4 ,!y are excessively num]\s 9 "s p>ts ( ,*ile1 & valuable on acc\nt ( a sort ( treacle made f ! sap4 ,on "o e/ate ne> ,petorca !y tri$ to c\nt !m1 b fail$1 aft] hav+ numb]$ sev]al hundr$ ?\s&4 ,e ye> 9 ! e>ly spr+1 9 ,augu/1 v _m are cut d[n1 & :5 ! trunk is ly+ on ! gr\nd1 ! cr[n ( leaves is lopp$ (f4 ,! sap !n imm$iately beg9s to fl[ f ! upp] end1 & cont9ues s do+ = "s mon?s3 x is1 h[ev]1 necess>y t a ?9 slice %\ld be %av$ (f f t end e morn+1 s z to expose a fre% surface4 ,a good tree w give n9ety gallons1 & all ?is mu/ h be5 conta9$ 9 ! vessels ( ! app>5tly dry trunk4 ,x is said t ! sap fl[s mu* m quickly on ^? days :5 ! sun is p[]ful2 & likewise1 t x is absolutely necess>y to take c>e1 9 cutt+ d[n ! tree1 t x %\ld fall ) its head upw>ds on ! side ( ! hill2 = if x falls d[n ! slope1 sc>cely any sap w fl[2 al?\gh 9 t case "o w\ld h ?\ght t ! action w\ld h be5 aid$1 in/ead ( *eck$1 by ! =ce ( gravity4 ,! sap is conc5trat$ by boil+1 & is !n call$ treacle1 :i* x v mu* resembles 9 ta/e4 ,we unsaddl$ our horses ne> ! spr+1 & prep>$ to pass ! night4 ,! ev5+ 0 f9e1 & ! atmosph]e s cle>1 t ! ma/s ( ! vessels at an*or 9 ! bay ( ,valp>aiso1 al?\gh no less ?an tw5ty-six geographical miles di/ant1 c\ld be di/+ui%$ cle>ly z little black /reaks4 ,a %ip d\bl+ ! po9t "u sail1 appe>$ z a bright :ite speck4 ,anson expresses mu* surprise1 9 8 voyage1 at ! di/ance at :i* 8 vessels 7 discov]$ f ! coa/2 b he did n suffici5tly all[ = ! height ( ! l&1 & ! great transp>5cy ( ! air4 ,! sett+ ( ! sun 0 glori\s2 ! valleys be+ black :il/ ! sn[y peaks ( ! ,&es yet reta9$ a ruby t9t4 ,:5 x 0 d>k1 we made a fire b5ea? a little arb\r ( bamboos1 fri$ our *>qui 7or dri$ slips ( beef71 took our mate1 & 7 q com=table4 ,!re is an inexpressible *>m 9 ?us liv+ 9 ! op5 air4 ,! ev5+ 0 calm & /ill2--! %rill noise ( ! m\nta9 bizca*a1 & ! fa9t cry ( a goatsuck]1 7 occasionally to be he>d4 ,besides ^!1 few birds1 or ev5 insects1 frequ5t ^! dry1 p>*$ m\nta9s4 ,augu/ #ag?4--,9 ! morn+ we climb$ up ! r\gh mass ( gre5/one :i* cr[ns ! summit4 ,?is rock1 z frequ5tly happ5s1 0 mu* %att]$ & brok5 into huge angul> fragm5ts4 ,i obs]v$1 h[ev]1 "o rem>kable circum/ance1 namely1 t _m ( ! surfaces pres5t$ e degree ( fre%ness "s appe>+ z if brok5 ! day be=e1 :il/ on o!rs li*5s _h ei!r j become1 or _h long gr[n1 atta*$4 ,i s fully believ$ t ?is 0 ow+ to ! frequ5t e>?quakes1 t ,i felt incl9$ to hurry f bel[ ea* loose pile4 ,z "o might v easily be deceiv$ 9 a fact ( ?is k9d1 ,i d\bt$ its accuracy1 until asc5d+ ,m\nt ,well+ton1 9 ,van ,diem5's ,l&1 :]e e>?quakes d n occur2 & !re ,i saw ! summit ( ! m\nta9 simil>ly compos$ & simil>ly %att]$1 b all ! blocks appe>$ z if !y _h be5 hurl$ into _! pres5t position ?\s&s ( ye>s ago4 ,we sp5t ! day on ! summit1 & ,i nev] enjoy$ "o m ?or\ghly4 ,*ile1 b\nd$ by ! ,&es & ! ,pacific1 0 se5 z 9 a map4 ,! pleasure f ! sc5]y1 9 itself beautiful1 0 height5$ by ! _m reflections :i* arose f ! m]e view ( ! ,campana range ) its less] p>allel ones1 & ( ! broad valley ( ,quillota directly int]sect+ !m4 ,:o c avoid wond]+ at ! =ce :i* has upheav$ ^! m\nta9s1 & ev5 m s at ! c\ntless ages :i* x mu/ h requir$ to h brok5 ?r\gh1 remov$1 & levell$ :ole masses ( !m8 ,x is well 9 ?is case to call to m9d ! va/ %+le & s$im5t>y b$s ( ,patagonia1 :i*1 if heap$ on ! ,cordill]a1 w\ld increase its height by s _m ?\s& feet4 ,:5 9 t c\ntry1 ,i wond]$ h[ any m\nta9-*a9 c\ld h suppli$ su* masses1 & n h be5 utt]ly oblit]at$4 ,we mu/ n n[ rev]se ! wond]1 & d\bt :e!r all-p[]ful "t c gr9d d[n m\nta9s--ev5 ! gigantic ,cordill]a--into-gravel & mud4 ,! appe>ance ( ! ,&es 0 diff]5t f t :i* ,i _h expect$4 ,! l[] l9e ( ! sn[ 0 ( c\rse horizontal1 & to ?is l9e ! ev5 summits ( ! range seem$ q p>allel4 ,only at long int]vals1 a gr\p ( po9ts or a s+le cone %[$ :]e a volcano _h exi/$1 or does n[ exi/4 ,h5ce ! range resembl$ a great solid wall1 surm\nt$ "h & !re by a t[]1 & mak+ a mo/ p]fect b>ri] to ! c\ntry4 ,almo/ e "p ( ! hill _h be5 drill$ by attempts to op5 gold-m9es3 ! rage = m9+ has left sc>cely a spot 9 ,*ile unexam9$4 ,i sp5t ! ev5+ z be=e1 talk+ r\nd ! fire ) my two companions4 ,! ,guasos ( ,*ile1 :o correspond to ! ,gau*os ( ! ,pampas1 are1 h[ev]1 a v diff]5t set ( be+s4 ,*ile is ! m civiliz$ ( ! two c\ntries1 & ! inhabitants1 9 consequ5ce1 h lo/ mu* individual "*4 ,gradations 9 rank are mu* m /rongly m>k$3 ! ,guaso does n by any means consid] e man 8 equal2 & ,i 0 q surpris$ to f9d t my companions did n l to eat at ! same "t ) myself4 ,?is feel+ ( inequality is a necess>y consequ5ce ( ! exi/5ce ( an ari/ocracy ( weal?4 ,x is said t "s few ( ! great] l&[n]s possess f five to t5 ?\s& p\nds /]l+ p] annum3 an inequality ( ri*es :i* ,i believe is n met ) 9 any ( ! cattle-bre$+ c\ntries ea/w>d ( ! ,&es4 ,a travell] does n "h meet t unb\nd$ hospitality :i* refuses all paym5t1 b yet is s k9dly (f]$ t no scruples c be rais$ 9 accept+ x4 ,almo/ e h\se 9 ,*ile w receive y = ! night1 b a trifle is expect$ to be giv5 9 ! morn+2 ev5 a ri* man w accept two or ?ree %ill+s4 ,! ,gau*o1 al?\gh he may be a cut?roat1 is a g5tleman2 ! ,guaso is 9 few respects bett]1 b at ! same "t a vulg>1 ord9>y fell[4 ,! two m51 al?\gh employ$ mu* 9 ! same mann]1 are diff]5t 9 _! habits & attire2 & ! peculi>ities ( ea* are univ]sal 9 _! respective c\ntries4 ,! ,gau*o seems "p ( 8 horse1 & scorns to ex]t himself except :5 on 8 back3 ! ,guaso may be hir$ to "w z a lab\r] 9 ! fields4 ,! =m] lives entirely on animal food2 ! latt] almo/ :olly on vegetable4 ,we d n "h see ! :ite boots1 ! broad draw]s & sc>let *ilipa2 ! picturesque co/ume ( ! ,pampas4 ,"h1 common tr\s]s are protect$ by black & gre5 wor/$ legg+s4 ,! pon*o1 h[ev]1 is common to bo?4 ,! *ief pride ( ! ,guaso lies 9 8 spurs1 :i* are absurdly l>ge4 ,i measur$ "o :i* 0 six in*es 9 ! diamet] ( ! r[el1 & ! r[el itself conta9$ upw>ds ( ?irty po9ts4 ,! /irrups are on ! same scale1 ea* consi/+ ( a squ>e1 c>v$ block ( wood1 holl[$ out1 yet weigh+ ?ree or f\r p\nds4 ,! ,guaso is p]haps m exp]t ) ! lazo ?an ! ,gau*o2 b1 f ! nature ( ! c\ntry1 he does n "k ! use ( ! bolas4 ,augu/ #ah?4--,we desc5d$ ! m\nta91 & pass$ "s beautiful little spots1 ) rivulets & f9e trees4 ,hav+ slept at ! same haci5da z be=e1 we rode dur+ ! two succe$+ days up ! valley1 & pass$ ?r\gh ,quillota1 :i* is m l a collection ( nurs]y-g>d5s ?an a t[n4 ,! or*>ds 7 beautiful1 pres5t+ "o mass ( pea*-blossoms4 ,i saw1 also1 9 "o or two places ! date-palm2 x is a mo/ /ately tree2 & ,i %\ld ?9k a gr\p ( !m 9 _! native ,asiatic or ,african des]ts mu/ be sup]b4 ,we pass$ likewise ,san ,felipe1 a pretty /raggl+ t[n l ,quillota4 ,! valley 9 ?is "p exp&s into "o ( ^? great bays or pla9s1 rea*+ to ! foot ( ! ,cordill]a1 :i* h be5 m5tion$ z =m+ s curi\s a "p ( ! sc5]y ( ,*ile4 ,9 ! ev5+ we rea*$ ! m9es ( ,jajuel1 situat$ 9 a rav9e at ! flank ( ! great *a94 ,i /ay$ "h five days4 ,my ho/ ! sup]9t5d5t ( ! m9e1 0 a %rewd b r ignorant ,corni% m9]4 ,he _h m>ri$ a ,spani% woman1 & did n mean to return home2 b 8 admiration = ! m9es ( ,cornwall rema9$ unb\nd$4 ,among/ _m o!r que/ions1 he ask$ me1 ,n[ t ,george ,rex is dead1 h[ _m m ( ! family ( ,rexes are yet alive8 ,?is ,rex c]ta9ly mu/ be a relation ( ! great au?or ,f9is1 :o wrote all books6 ,^! m9es are ( copp]1 & ! ore is all %ipp$ to ,swansea1 to be smelt$4 ,h5ce ! m9es h an aspect s+ul>ly quiet1 z comp>$ to ^? 9 ,engl&3 "h no smoke1 furnaces1 or great /eam-eng9es1 di/urb ! solitude ( ! surr\nd+ m\nta9s4 ,! ,*ilian gov]nm5t1 or r ! old ,spani% law1 enc\rages by e me?od ! se>*+ = m9es4 ,! discov]] may "w a m9e on any gr\nd1 by pay+ five %ill+s2 & be=e pay+ ?is he may try1 ev5 9 ! g>d5 ( ano!r man1 = tw5ty days4 ,x is n[ well kn[n t ! ,*ilian me?od ( m9+ is ! *eape/4 ,my ho/ says t ! two pr9cipal improvem5ts introduc$ by =eign]s h be51 fir/1 r$uc+ by previ\s roa/+ ! copp] pyrites--:i*1 be+ ! common ore 9 ,cornwall1 ! ,engli% m9]s 7 a/\nd$ on _! arrival to f9d ?r[n away z useless3 secondly1 /amp+ & wa%+ ! scoriae f ! old furnaces--by :i* process p>ticles ( metal are recov]$ 9 abundance4 ,i h actually se5 mules c>ry+ to ! coa/1 = transportation to ,engl&1 a c>go ( su* c9d]s4 ,b ! fir/ case is mu* ! mo/ curi\s4 ,! ,*ilian m9]s 7 s conv9c$ t copp] pyrites conta9$ n a p>ticle ( copp]1 t !y laugh$ at ! ,engli%m5 = _! ignorance1 :o laugh$ 9 turn1 & b\ght _! ri*e/ ve9s = a few doll>s4 ,x is v odd t1 9 a c\ntry :]e m9+ _h be5 ext5sively c>ri$ on = _m ye>s1 s simple a process z g5tly roa/+ ! ore to expel ! sulphur previ\s to smelt+ x1 _h nev] be5 discov]$4 ,a few improvem5ts h likewise be5 introduc$ 9 "s ( ! simple ma*9]y2 b ev5 to ! pres5t day1 wat] is remov$ f "s m9es by m5 c>ry+ x up ! %aft 9 lea!rn bags6 ,! lab\r+ m5 "w v h>d4 ,!y h little "t all[$ = _! meals1 & dur+ summ] & w9t] !y beg9 :5 x is light1 & leave (f at d>k4 ,!y are paid "o p\nd /]l+ a mon?1 & _! food is giv5 !m3 ?is = breakfa/ consi/s ( sixte5 figs & two small loaves ( bread2 = d9n]1 boil$ beans2 = supp]1 brok5 roa/$ :eat gra94 ,!y sc>cely ev] ta/e meat2 z1 ) ! twelve p\nds p] annum1 !y h to clo! !mselves1 & support _! families4 ,! m9]s :o "w 9 ! m9e itself h tw5ty-five %ill+s p] mon?1 & are all[$ a little *>qui4 ,b ^! m5 come d[n f _! bleak habitations only once 9 e =tnight or ?ree weeks4 ,dur+ my /ay "h ,i ?or\ghly enjoy$ scrambl+ ab\t ^! huge m\nta9s4 ,! geology1 z might h be5 expect$1 0 v int]e/+4 ,! %att]$ & bak$ rocks1 trav]s$ by innum]able dykes ( gre5/one1 %[$ :at commotions _h =m]ly tak5 place4 ,! sc5]y 0 mu* ! same z t ne> ! ,bell ( ,quillota--dry b>r5 m\nta9s1 dott$ at int]vals by bu%es ) a scanty foliage4 ,! cactuses1 or r opuntias 7 "h v num]\s4 ,i measur$ "o ( a sph]ical figure1 :i*1 includ+ ! sp9es1 0 six feet & f\r in*es 9 circumf]5ce4 ,! height ( ! common cyl9drical1 bran*+ k9d1 is f twelve to fifte5 feet1 & ! gir? 7) sp9es7 ( ! bran*es betwe5 ?ree & f\r feet4 ,a heavy fall ( sn[ on ! m\nta9s prev5t$ me dur+ ! la/ two days1 f mak+ "s int]e/+ excursions4 ,i attempt$ to rea* a lake :i* ! inhabitants1 f "s unacc\ntable reason1 believe to be an arm ( ! sea4 ,dur+ a v dry season1 x 0 propos$ to attempt cutt+ a *annel f x = ! sake ( ! wat]1 b ! padre1 aft] a consultation1 decl>$ x 0 too dang]\s1 z all ,*ile w\ld be inundat$1 if1 z g5]ally suppos$1 ! lake 0 connect$ ) ! ,pacific4 ,we asc5d$ to a great height1 b becom+ involv$ 9 ! sn[-drifts fail$ 9 rea*+ ?is wond]ful lake1 & _h "s difficulty 9 return+4 ,i ?\ght we %\ld h lo/ our horses2 = !re 0 no means ( guess+ h[ deep ! drifts 71 & ! animals1 :5 l$1 c\ld only move by jump+4 ,! black sky %[$ t a fre% sn[-/orm 0 ga!r+1 & we !re=e 7 n a little glad :5 we escap$4 ,by ! "t we rea*$ ! base ! /orm comm5c$1 & x 0 lucky = u t ?is did n happ5 ?ree h\rs e>li] 9 ! day4 ,augu/ #bf?4--,we left ,jajuel & aga9 cross$ ! bas9 ( ,san ,felipe4 ,! day 0 truly ,*ilian3 gl>+ly bright1 & ! atmosph]e q cle>4 ,! ?ick & uni=m cov]+ ( newly fall5 sn[ r5d]$ ! view ( ! volcano ( ,aconcagua & ! ma9 *a9 q glori\s4 ,we 7 n[ on ! road to ,santiago1 ! capital ( ,*ile4 ,we cross$ ! ,c]ro del ,talgu51 & slept at a little ran*o4 ,! ho/1 talk+ ab\t ! /ate ( ,*ile z comp>$ to o!r c\ntries1 0 v humble3 ,"s see ) two eyes1 & "s ) "o1 b = my "p ,i d n ?9k t ,*ile sees ) any4 ,augu/ #bg?4--,aft] cross+ _m l[ hills we desc5d$ into ! small l&-lock$ pla9 ( ,guitron4 ,9 ! bas9s1 su* z ?is "o1 :i* are elevat$ f "o ?\s& to two ?\s& feet above ! sea1 two species ( acacia1 :i* are /unt$ 9 _! =ms1 & /& wide ap>t f ea* o!r1 gr[ 9 l>ge numb]s4 ,^! trees are nev] f\nd ne> ! sea-coa/2 & ?is gives ano!r *>act]i/ic feature to ! sc5]y ( ^! bas9s4 ,we cross$ a l[ ridge :i* sep>ates ,guitron f ! great pla9 on :i* ,santiago /&s4 ,! view 0 "h pre-em95tly /rik+3 ! dead level surface1 cov]$ 9 p>ts by woods ( acacia1 & ) ! city 9 ! di/ance1 abutt+ horizontally aga9/ ! base ( ! ,&es1 ^: sn[y peaks 7 bright ) ! ev5+ sun4 ,at ! fir/ glance ( ?is view1 x 0 q evid5t t ! pla9 repres5t$ ! ext5t ( a =m] inl& sea4 ,z soon z we ga9$ ! level road we pu%$ our horses into a gallop1 & rea*$ ! city be=e x 0 d>k4 ,i /ay$ a week 9 ,santiago1 & enjoy$ myself v mu*4 ,9 ! morn+ ,i rode to v>i\s places on ! pla91 & 9 ! ev5+ d9$ ) sev]al ( ! ,engli% m]*ants1 ^: hospitality at ?is place is well kn[n4 ,a nev]-fail+ s\rce ( pleasure 0 to asc5d ! little hillock ( rock 7,/4 ,lucia7 :i* projects 9 ! middle ( ! city4 ,! sc5]y c]ta9ly is mo/ /rik+1 &1 z ,i h said1 v peculi>4 ,i am in=m$ t ?is same "* is common to ! cities on ! great ,mexican plat=m4 ,( ! t[n ,i h no?+ to say 9 detail3 x is n s f9e or s l>ge z ,bu5os ,ayres1 b is built aft] ! same model4 ,i arriv$ "h by a circuit to ! nor?2 s ,i resolv$ to return to ,valp>aiso by a r long] excursion to ! s\? ( ! direct road4 ,septemb] #e?4--,by ! middle ( ! day we arriv$ at "o ( ! susp5sion bridges1 made ( hide1 :i* cross ! ,maypu1 a l>ge turbul5t riv] a few leagues s\?w>d ( ,santiago4 ,^! bridges are v poor affairs4 ,! road1 foll[+ ! curvature ( ! susp5d+ ropes1 is made ( bundles ( /icks plac$ close toge!r4 ,x 0 full ( holes1 & oscillat$ r fe>fully1 ev5 ) ! weight ( a man lead+ 8 horse4 ,9 ! ev5+ we rea*$ a com=table f>m-h\se1 :]e !re 7 sev]al v pretty s5oritas4 ,!y 7 mu* horrifi$ at my hav+ ent]$ "o ( _! *ur*es out ( m]e curiosity4 ,!y ask$ me1 ,:y d y n become a ,*ri/ian--= our religion is c]ta98 ,i assur$ !m ,i 0 a sort ( ,*ri/ian2 b !y w\ld n he> ( x--appeal+ to my own words1 ,d n y\r padres1 y\r v bi%ops1 m>ry8 ,! absurdity ( a bi%op hav+ a wife p>ticul>ly /ruck !m3 !y sc>cely knew :e!r to be mo/ amus$ or horror-/ruck at su* an enormity4 #f?4--,we proce$$ due s\?1 & slept at ,rancagua4 ,! road pass$ ov] ! level b n>r[ pla91 b\nd$ on "o side by l(ty hills1 & on ! o!r by ! ,cordill]a4 ,! next day we turn$ up ! valley ( ! ,rio ,ca*apual1 9 :i* ! hot-ba?s ( ,cauqu5es1 long celebrat$ = _! m$ic9al prop]ties1 are situat$4 ,! susp5sion bridges1 9 ! less frequ5t$ p>ts1 are g5]ally tak5 d[n dur+ ! w9t] :5 ! riv]s are l[4 ,su* 0 ! case 9 ?is valley1 & we 7 !re=e oblig$ to cross ! /ream on horseback4 ,?is is r disagreeable1 = ! foam+ wat]1 ?\gh n deep1 ru%es s quickly ov] ! b$ ( l>ge r\nd$ /ones1 t "o's head becomes q confus$1 & x is difficult ev5 to p]ceive :e!r ! horse is mov+ onw>d or /&+ /ill4 ,9 summ]1 :5 ! sn[ melts1 ! torr5ts are q impassable2 _! /r5g? & fury are !n extremely great1 z might be pla9ly se5 by ! m>ks :i* !y _h left4 ,we rea*$ ! ba?s 9 ! ev5+1 & /ay$ !re five days1 be+ conf9$ ! two la/ by heavy ra94 ,! build+s consi/ ( a squ>e ( mis]able little hovels1 ea* ) a s+le table & b5*4 ,!y are situat$ 9 a n>r[ deep valley j )\t ! c5tral ,cordill]a4 ,x is a quiet1 solit>y spot1 ) a good deal ( wild beauty4 ,! m9]al spr+s ( ,cauqu5es bur/ =? on a l9e ( dislocation1 cross+ a mass ( /ratifi$ rock1 ! :ole ( :i* betrays ! action ( heat4 ,a consid]able quantity ( gas is cont9ually escap+ f ! same orifices ) ! wat]4 ,?\gh ! spr+s are only a few y>ds ap>t1 !y h v diff]5t temp]ature2 & ?is appe>s to be ! result ( an unequal mixture ( cold wat]3 = ^? ) ! l[e/ temp]ature h sc>cely any m9]al ta/e4 ,aft] ! great e>?quake ( #ahbb ! spr+s ceas$1 & ! wat] did n return = ne>ly a ye>4 ,!y 7 also mu* affect$ by ! e>?quake ( #ahce2 ! temp]ature be+ sudd5ly *ang$ f #aah to #ib degs4 #a ,x seems probable t m9]al wat]s ris+ deep f ! b[els ( ! e>?1 w\ld always be m d]ang$ by subt]ranean di/urbances ?an ^? ne>] ! surface4 ,! man :o _h *>ge ( ! ba?s assur$ me t 9 summ] ! wat] is hott] & m pl5tiful ?an 9 w9t]4 ,! =m] circum/ance ,i %\ld h expect$1 f ! less mixture1 dur+ ! dry season1 ( cold wat]2 b ! latt] /atem5t appe>s v /range & contradictory4 ,! p]iodical increase dur+ ! summ]1 :5 ra9 nev] falls1 c1 ,i ?9k1 only be acc\nt$ = by ! melt+ ( ! sn[3 yet ! m\nta9s :i* are cov]$ by sn[ dur+ t season1 are ?ree or f\r leagues di/ant f ! spr+s4 ,i h no reason to d\bt ! accuracy ( my in=m]1 :o1 hav+ liv$ on ! spot = sev]al ye>s1 ought to be well acqua9t$ ) ! circum/ance1--:i*1 if true1 c]ta9ly is v curi\s3 = we mu/ suppose t ! sn[-wat]1 be+ conduct$ ?r\gh por\s /rata to ! regions ( heat1 is aga9 ?r[n up to ! surface by ! l9e ( dislocat$ & inject$ rocks at ,cauqu5es2 & ! regul>ity ( ! ph5om5on w\ld seem to indicate t 9 ?is di/rict heat$ rock occurr$ at a dep? n v great4 ,"o day ,i rode up ! valley to ! f>!/ inhabit$ spot4 ,%ortly above t po9t1 ! ,ca*apual divides into two deep trem5d\s rav9es1 :i* p5etrate directly into ! great range4 ,i scrambl$ up a peak$ m\nta91 probably m ?an six ?\s& feet high4 ,"h1 z inde$ ev]y:]e else1 sc5es ( ! highe/ int]e/ pres5t$ !mselves4 ,x 0 by "o ( ^! rav9es1 t ,p9*eira ent]$ ,*ile & ravag$ ! neighb\r+ c\ntry4 ,?is is ! same man ^: attack on an e/ancia at ! ,rio ,negro ,i h describ$4 ,he 0 a r5egade half-ca/e ,spani>d1 :o collect$ a great body ( ,indians toge!r & e/abli%$ himself by a /ream 9 ! ,pampas1 :i* place none ( ! =ces s5t aft] him c\ld ev] discov]4 ,f ?is po9t he us$ to sally =?1 & cross+ ! ,cordill]a by passes hi!rto unattempt$1 he ravag$ ! f>m-h\ses & drove ! cattle to 8 secret r5dezv\s4 ,p9*eira 0 a capital horseman1 & he made all ar\nd him equally good1 = he inv>iably %ot any "o :o hesitat$ to foll[ him4 ,x 0 aga9/ ?is man1 & o!r w&]+ ,indian tribes1 t ,rosas wag$ ! w> ( ext]m9ation4 ,septemb] #ac?4--,we left ! ba?s ( ,cauqu5es1 &1 rejo9+ ! ma9 road1 slept at ! ,rio ,cl>a4 ,f ?is place we rode to ! t[n ( ,san ,f]n&o4 ,be=e arriv+ !re1 ! la/ l&-lock$ bas9 _h exp&$ into a great pla91 :i* ext5d$ s f> to ! s\?1 t ! sn[y summits ( ! m di/ant ,&es 7 se5 z if above ! horizon ( ! sea4 ,san ,f]n&o is =ty leagues f ,santiago2 & x 0 my f>!/ po9t s\?w>d2 = we "h turn$ at "r angles t[>ds ! coa/4 ,we slept at ! gold-m9es ( ,yaquil1 :i* are work$ by ,mr4 ,nixon1 an ,am]ican g5tleman1 to ^: k9dness ,i 0 mu* indebt$ dur+ ! f\r days ,i /ay$ at 8 h\se4 ,! next morn+ we rode to ! m9es1 :i* are situat$ at ! di/ance ( "s leagues1 ne> ! summit ( a l(ty hill4 ,on ! way we _h a glimpse ( ! lake ,tagua-tagua1 celebrat$ = its float+ isl&s1 :i* h be5 describ$ by ,m4 ,gay4 #b ,!y are compos$ ( ! /alks ( v>i\s dead plants int]tw9$ toge!r1 & on ! surface ( :i* o!r liv+ ones take root4 ,_! =m is g5]ally circul>1 & _! ?ickness f f\r to six feet1 ( :i* ! great] "p is imm]s$ 9 ! wat]4 ,z ! w9d bl[s1 !y pass f "o side ( ! lake to ! o!r1 & (t5 c>ry cattle & horses z pass5g]s4 ,:5 we arriv$ at ! m9e1 ,i 0 /ruck by ! pale appe>ance ( _m ( ! m51 & inquir$ f ,mr4 ,nixon respect+ _! condition4 ,! m9e is #dej feet deep1 & ea* man br+s up ab\t #bjj p\nds weight ( /one4 ,) ?is load !y h to climb up ! alt]nate not*es cut 9 ! trunks ( trees1 plac$ 9 a zigzag l9e up ! %aft4 ,ev5 be>dless "y m51 eighte5 & tw5ty ye>s old1 ) little muscul> developm5t ( _! bodies 7!y are q nak$ except+ draw]s7 asc5d ) ?is great load f ne>ly ! same dep?4 ,a /rong man1 :o is n accu/om$ to ?is lab\r1 p]spires mo/ pr(usely1 ) m]ely c>ry+ up 8 own body4 ,) ?is v sev]e lab\r1 !y live entirely on boil$ beans & bread4 ,!y w\ld pref] hav+ bread alone2 b _! ma/]s1 f9d+ t !y _c "w s h>d ^u ?is1 treat !m l horses1 & make !m eat ! beans4 ,_! pay is "h r m ?an at ! m9es ( ,jajuel1 be+ f #bd to #bh %ill+s p] mon?4 ,!y leave ! m9e only once 9 ?ree weeks2 :5 !y /ay ) _! families = two days4 ,"o ( ! rules ( ?is m9e s\nds v h>%1 b answ]s pretty well = ! ma/]4 ,! only me?od ( /eal+ gold is to secrete pieces ( ! ore1 & take !m out z occasion may (f]4 ,:5ev] ! major-domo f9ds a lump ?us hidd51 its full value is /opp$ out ( ! wages ( all ! m52 :o ?us1 )\t !y all comb9e1 are oblig$ to keep wat* ov] ea* o!r4 ,:5 ! ore is br\ght to ! mill1 x is gr\nd into an impalpable p[d]2 ! process ( wa%+ removes all ! light] p>ticles1 & amalgamation f9ally secures ! gold-du/4 ,! wa%+1 :5 describ$1 s\nds a v simple process2 b x is beautiful to see h[ ! exact adaptation ( ! curr5t ( wat] to ! specific gravity ( ! gold1 s easily sep>ates ! p[d]$ matrix f ! metal4 ,! mud :i* passes f ! mills is collect$ into pools1 :]e x subsides1 & e n[ & !n is cle>$ out1 & ?r[n into a common heap4 ,a great deal ( *emical action !n comm5ces1 salts ( v>i\s k9ds effloresce on ! surface1 & ! mass becomes h>d4 ,aft] hav+ be5 left = a ye> or two1 & !n rewa%$1 x yields gold2 & ?is process may be repeat$ ev5 six or sev5 times2 b ! gold ea* "t becomes less 9 quantity1 & ! int]vals requir$ 7z ! inhabitants say1 to g5]ate ! metal7 are long]4 ,!re c be no d\bt t ! *emical action1 already m5tion$1 ea* "t lib]ates fre% gold f "s comb9ation4 ,! discov]y ( a me?od to effect ?is be=e ! fir/ gr9d+ w\ld )\t d\bt raise ! value ( gold-ores _m fold4 ,x is curi\s to f9d h[ ! m9ute p>ticles ( gold1 be+ scatt]$ ab\t & n corrod+1 at la/ accumulate 9 "s quantity4 ,a %ort "t s9ce a few m9]s1 be+ out ( "w1 obta9$ p]mission to scrape ! gr\nd r\nd ! h\se & mills2 !y wa%$ ! e>? ?us got toge!r1 & s procur$ ?irty doll>s' wor? ( gold4 ,?is is an exact c\nt]p>t ( :at takes place 9 nature4 ,m\nta9s suff] degradation & we> away1 & ) !m ! metallic ve9s :i* !y conta94 ,! h>de/ rock is worn into impalpable mud1 ! ord9>y metals oxidate1 & bo? are remov$2 b gold1 plat9a1 & a few o!rs are ne>ly inde/ructible1 & f _! weight1 s9k+ to ! bottom1 are left beh9d4 ,aft] :ole m\nta9s h pass$ ?r\gh ?is gr9d+ mill1 & h be5 wa%$ by ! h& ( nature1 ! residue becomes metallif]\s1 & man f9ds x wor? 8 :ile to complete ! task ( sep>ation4 ,bad z ! above treatm5t ( ! m9]s appe>s1 x is gladly accept$ ( by !m2 = ! condition ( ! lab\r+ agriculturi/s is mu* worse4 ,_! wages are l[]1 & !y live almo/ exclusively on beans4 ,?is pov]ty mu/ be *iefly ow+ to ! feudal-l sy/em on :i* ! l& is till$3 ! l&[n] gives a small plot ( gr\nd to ! lab\r] = build+ on & cultivat+1 & 9 return has 8 s]vices 7or ^? ( a proxy7 = e day ( 8 life1 )\t any wages4 ,until a fa!r has a gr[n-up son1 :o c by 8 lab\r pay ! r5t1 !re is no "o1 except on occasional days1 to take c>e ( 8 own pat* ( gr\nd4 ,h5ce extreme pov]ty is v common among ! lab\r+ classes 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,!re are "s old ,indian ru9s 9 ?is neighb\rhood1 & ,i 0 %[n "o ( ! p]=at$ /ones1 :i* ,mol9a m5tions z be+ f\nd 9 _m places 9 consid]able numb]s4 ,!y are ( a circul> flatt5$ =m1 f five to six in*es 9 diamet]1 ) a hole pass+ q ?r\gh ! c5tre4 ,x has g5]ally be5 suppos$ t !y 7 us$ z heads to clubs1 al?\gh _! =m does n appe> at all well adapt$ = t purpose4 ,bur*ell #c /ates t "s ( ! tribes 9 ,s\!rn ,africa dig up roots by ! aid ( a /ick po9t$ at "o end1 ! =ce & weight ( :i* are increas$ by a r\nd /one ) a hole 9 x1 into :i* ! o!r end is firmly w$g$4 ,x appe>s probable t ! ,indians ( ,*ile =m]ly us$ "s su* rude agricultural in/rum5t4 ,"o day1 a ,g]man collector 9 natural hi/ory1 ( ! "n ( ,r5\s1 call$1 & ne>ly at ! same "t an old ,spani% lawy]4 ,i 0 amus$ at be+ told ! conv]sation :i* took place betwe5 !m4 ,r5\s speaks ,spani% s well1 t ! old lawy] mi/ook him = a ,*ilian4 ,r5\s allud+ to me1 ask$ him :at he ?\ght ( ! ,k+ ( ,engl& s5d+ out a collector to _! c\ntry1 to pick up liz>ds & beetles1 & to break /ones8 ,! old g5tleman ?\ght s]i\sly = "s "t1 & !n said1 ,x is n well1--hay un gato enc]rado aqui 7!re is a cat %ut up "h74 ,no man is s ri* z to s5d out p to pick up su* rubbi%4 ,i d n l x3 if "o ( u 7 to g & d su* ?+s 9 ,engl&1 d n y ?9k ! ,k+ ( ,engl& w\ld v soon s5d u out ( 8 c\ntry8 ,& ?is old g5tleman1 f 8 pr(ession1 belongs to ! bett] in=m$ & m intellig5t classes6 ,r5\s himself1 two or ?ree ye>s be=e1 left 9 a h\se at ,san ,f]n&o "s cat]pill>s1 "u *>ge ( a girl to fe$1 t !y might turn into butt]flies4 ,?is 0 rum\r$ ?r\gh ! t[n1 & at la/ ! padres & gov]nor consult$ toge!r1 & agre$ x mu/ be "s h]esy4 ,accord+ly1 :5 ,r5\s return$1 he 0 arre/$4 ,septemb] #ai?4--,we left ,yaquil1 & foll[$ ! flat valley1 =m$ l t ( ,quillota1 9 :i* ! ,rio ,t9d]idica fl[s4 ,ev5 at ^! few miles s\? ( ,santiago ! climate is mu* damp]2 9 consequ5ce !re are f9e tracts ( pa/urage1 :i* are n irrigat$4 7#bj?47 ,we foll[$ ?is valley till x exp&$ into a great pla91 :i* rea*es f ! sea to ! m\nta9s we/ ( ,rancagua4 ,we %ortly lo/ all trees & ev5 bu%es2 s t ! inhabitants are ne>ly z badly (f = firewood z ^? 9 ! ,pampas4 ,nev] hav+ he>d ( ^! pla9s1 ,i 0 mu* surpris$ at meet+ ) su* sc5]y 9 ,*ile4 ,! pla9s belong to m ?an "o s]ies ( diff]5t elevations1 & !y are trav]s$ by broad flat-bottom$ valleys2 bo? ( :i* circum/ances1 z 9 ,patagonia1 bespeak ! action ( ! sea on g5tly ris+ l&4 ,9 ! /eep cliffs bord]+ ^! valleys1 !re are "s l>ge caves1 :i* no d\bt 7 orig9ally =m$ by ! waves3 "o ( ^! is celebrat$ "u ! "n ( ,cueva del ,obispo2 hav+ =m]ly be5 consecrat$4 ,dur+ ! day ,i felt v unwell1 & f t "t till ! end ( ,octob] did n recov]4 ,septemb] #bbnd4--,we cont9u$ to pass ov] gre5 pla9s )\t a tree4 ,! next day we arriv$ at a h\se ne> ,nav$ad1 on ! sea-coa/1 :]e a ri* ,haci5d]o gave u lodg+s4 ,i /ay$ "h ! two ensu+ days1 & al?\gh v unwell1 manag$ to collect f ! t]ti>y =mation "s m>9e %ells4 #bd?4--,our c\rse 0 n[ direct$ t[>ds ,valp>aiso1 :i* ) great difficulty ,i rea*$ on ! #bg?1 & 0 !re conf9$ to my b$ till ! end ( ,octob]4 ,dur+ ?is "t ,i 0 an inmate 9 ,mr4 ,corfield's h\se1 ^: k9dness to me ,i d n "k h[ to express4 ,i w "h add a few obs]vations on "s ( ! animals & birds ( ,*ile4 ,! ,puma1 or ,s\? ,am]ican ,lion1 is n uncommon4 ,?is animal has a wide geographical range2 be+ f\nd f ! equatorial =e/s1 ?r\gh\t ! des]ts ( ,patagonia z f> s\? z ! damp & cold latitudes 7#ec to #ed degs47 ( ,ti]ra del ,fuego4 ,i h se5 its foot/eps 9 ! ,cordill]a ( c5tral ,*ile1 at an elevation ( at lea/ #aj1jjj feet4 ,9 ,la ,plata ! puma preys *iefly on de]1 o/ri*es1 bizca*a1 & o!r small quadrup$s2 x !re seldom attacks cattle or horses1 & mo/ r>ely man4 ,9 ,*ile1 h[ev]1 x de/roys _m "y horses & cattle1 ow+ probably to ! sc>city ( o!r quadrup$s3 ,i he>d1 likewise1 ( two m5 & a woman :o _h be5 ?us kill$4 ,x is ass]t$ t ! puma always kills its prey by spr++ on ! %\ld]s1 & !n draw+ back ! head ) "o ( its paws1 until ! v]tebrae break3 ,i h se5 9 ,patagonia ! skeletons ( guanacos1 ) _! necks ?us dislocat$4 ,! puma1 aft] eat+ its fill1 cov]s ! c>cass ) _m l>ge bu%es1 & lies d[n to wat* x4 ,?is habit is (t5 ! cause ( its be+ discov]$2 = ! condors :eel+ 9 ! air e n[ & !n desc5d to p>take ( ! fea/1 & be+ angrily driv5 away1 rise all toge!r on ! w+4 ,! ,*il5o ,guaso !n kn[s !re is a lion wat*+ 8 prey--! ^w is giv5--& m5 & dogs hurry to ! *ase4 ,sir ,f4 ,head says t a ,gau*o 9 ! pampas1 ^u m]ely see+ "s condors :eel+ 9 ! air1 cri$ ,a lion6 ,i c\ld nev] myself meet ) any "o :o pret5d$ to su* p[]s ( discrim9ation4 ,x is ass]t$ t1 if a puma has once be5 betray$ by ?us wat*+ ! c>cass1 & has !n be5 hunt$1 x nev] resumes ?is habit2 b t1 hav+ gorg$ itself1 x w&]s f> away4 ,! puma is easily kill$4 ,9 an op5 c\ntry1 x is fir/ entangl$ ) ! bolas1 !n lazo$1 & dragg$ along ! gr\nd till r5d]$ ins5sible4 ,at ,t&eel 7s\? ( ! plata71 ,i 0 told t )9 ?ree mon?s "o hundr$ 7 ?us de/roy$4 ,9 ,*ile !y are g5]ally driv5 up bu%es or trees1 & are !n ei!r %ot1 or bait$ to dea? by dogs4 ,! dogs employ$ 9 ?is *ase belong to a p>ticul> bre$1 call$ ,leon]os3 !y are weak1 slight animals1 l long-legg$ t]ri]s1 b are born ) a p>ticul> in/9ct = ?is sport4 ,! puma is describ$ z be+ v crafty3 :5 pursu$1 x (t5 returns on its =m] track1 & !n sudd5ly mak+ a spr+ on "o side1 waits !re till ! dogs h pass$ by4 ,x is a v sil5t animal1 utt]+ no cry ev5 :5 w\nd$1 & only r>ely dur+ ! bre$+ season4 ,( birds1 two species ( ! g5us ,pt]opto*os 7megapodius & albicollis ( ,kittlitz7 are p]haps ! mo/ conspicu\s4 ,! =m]1 call$ by ! ,*il5os el ,turco1 is z l>ge z a fieldf>e1 to :i* bird x has "s alliance2 b its legs are mu* long]1 tail %ort]1 & beak /rong]3 its col\r is a r$di% br[n4 ,! ,turco is n uncommon4 ,x lives on ! gr\nd1 %elt]$ among ! ?ickets :i* are scatt]$ ov] ! dry & /]ile hills4 ,) its tail erect1 & /ilt-l legs1 x may be se5 e n[ & !n popp+ f "o bu% to ano!r ) uncommon quickness4 ,x really requires little imag9ation to believe t ! bird is a%am$ ( itself1 & is aw>e ( its mo/ ridicul\s figure4 ,on fir/ see+ x1 "o is tempt$ to exclaim1 ,a vilely /uff$ specim5 has escap$ f "s museum1 & has come to life aga96 ,x _c be made to take flight )\t ! greate/ tr\ble1 nor does x run1 b only hops4 ,! v>i\s l\d cries :i* x utt]s :5 conceal$ among/ ! bu%es1 are z /range z its appe>ance4 ,x is said to build its ne/ 9 a deep hole b5ea? ! gr\nd4 ,i dissect$ sev]al specim5s3 ! gizz>d1 :i* 0 v muscul>1 conta9$ beetles1 vegetable fibres1 & pebbles4 ,f ?is "*1 f ! l5g? ( its legs1 scrat*+ feet1 membran\s cov]+ to ! no/rils1 %ort & ar*$ w+s1 ?is bird seems 9 a c]ta9 degree to connect ! ?ru%es ) ! gall9ace\s ord]4 ,! second species 7or ,p4 albicollis7 is alli$ to ! fir/ 9 its g5]al =m4 ,x is call$ ,tapacolo1 or cov] y\r po/]ior2 & well does ! %ameless little bird des]ve its "n2 = x c>ries its tail m ?an erect1 t is1 incl9$ backw>ds t[>ds its head4 ,x is v common1 & frequ5ts ! bottoms ( h$ge-r[s1 & ! bu%es scatt]$ ov] ! b>r5 hills1 :]e sc>cely ano!r bird c exi/4 ,9 its g5]al mann] ( fe$+1 ( quickly hopp+ out ( ! ?ickets & back aga91 9 its desire ( concealm5t1 unwill+ness to take flight1 & nidification1 x be>s a close resemblance to ! ,turco2 b its appe>ance is n q s ridicul\s4 ,! ,tapacolo is v crafty3 :5 fright5$ by any p]son1 x w rema9 motionless at ! bottom ( a bu%1 & w !n1 aft] a little :ile1 try ) mu* address to crawl away on ! opposite side4 ,x is also an active bird1 & cont9ually mak+ a noise3 ^! noises are v>i\s & /rangely odd2 "s are l ! coo+ ( doves1 o!rs l ! bubbl+ ( wat]1 & _m defy all similes4 ,! c\ntry p say x *anges its cry five times 9 ! ye>--accord+ to "s *ange ( season1 ,i suppose4 #d ,two species ( humm+-birds are common2 ,tro*ilus =ficatus is f\nd ov] a space ( #bejj miles on ! we/ coa/1 f ! hot dry c\ntry ( ,lima1 to ! =e/s ( ,ti]ra del ,fuego--:]e x may be se5 flitt+ ab\t 9 sn[-/orms4 ,9 ! wood$ isl& ( ,*iloe1 :i* has an extremely humid climate1 ?is little bird1 skipp+ f side to side amid/ ! dripp+ foliage1 is p]haps m abundant ?an almo/ any o!r k9d4 ,i op5$ ! /oma*s ( sev]al specim5s1 %ot 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! cont95t1 & 9 all1 rema9s ( insects 7 z num]\s z 9 ! /oma* ( a creep]4 ,:5 ?is species migrates 9 ! summ] s\?w>d1 x is replac$ by ! arrival ( ano!r species com+ f ! nor?4 ,?is second k9d 7,tro*ilus gigas7 is a v l>ge bird = ! delicate family to :i* x belongs3 :5 on ! w+ its appe>ance is s+ul>4 ,l o!rs ( ! g5us1 x moves f place to place ) a rapidity :i* may be comp>$ to t ( ,syrphus among/ flies1 & ,sph9x among mo?s2 b :il/ hov]+ ov] a fl[]1 x flaps its w+s ) a v sl[ & p[]ful movem5t1 totally diff]5t f t vibratory "o common to mo/ ( ! species1 :i* produces ! humm+ noise4 ,i nev] saw any o!r bird :]e ! =ce ( its w+s appe>$ 7z 9 a butt]fly7 s p[]ful 9 proportion to ! weight ( its body4 ,:5 hov]+ by a fl[]1 its tail is con/antly exp&$ & %ut l a fan1 ! body be+ kept 9 a ne>ly v]tical position4 ,?is action appe>s to /eady & support ! bird1 betwe5 ! sl[ movem5ts ( its w+s4 ,al?\gh fly+ f fl[] to fl[] 9 se>* ( food1 its /oma* g5]ally conta9$ abundant rema9s ( insects1 :i* ,i suspect are mu* m ! object ( its se>* ?an honey4 ,! note ( ?is species1 l t ( ne>ly ! :ole family1 is extremely %rill4 #a ,caldeleugh1 9 ,philosoph4 ,transact4 = #ahcf4 #b ,annales des ,sci5ces ,naturelles1 ,m>*1 #ahcc4 ,m4 ,gay1 a zeal\s & able naturali/1 0 !n occupi$ 9 /udy+ e bran* ( natural hi/ory ?r\gh\t ! k+dom ( ,*ile4 #c ,bur*ess's ,travels1 vol4 ii4 p4 #de4 #d ,x is a rem>kable fact1 t ,mol9a1 ?\gh describ+ 9 detail all ! birds & animals ( ,*ile1 nev] once m5tions ?is g5us1 ! species ( :i* are s common1 & s rem>kable 9 _! habits4 ,0 he at a loss h[ to classify !m1 & did he consequ5tly ?9k t sil5ce 0 ! m prud5t c\rse8 ,x is "o m in/ance ( ! frequ5cy ( omissions by au?ors1 on ^? v subjects :]e x might h be5 lea/ expect$4 ,,*apt] ,,xiii ,,*iloe ,,& ,,*onos ,,isl&s ,*iloe--,g5]al ,aspect--,boat ,excursion--,native ,indians--,ca/ro--,tame ,fox--,asc5d ,san ,p$ro--,*onos ,ar*ipelago--,p59sula ( ,tres ,montes--,granitic ,range--,boat-wreck$ ,sailors--,l['s ,h>b\r--,wild ,potato--,=mation ( ,peat--,myopotamus1 ,ott] & ,mice--,*eucau & ,b>k+-bird--,opetiorhyn*us--,s+ul> ,"* ( ,orni?ology--,petrels4 ,,novemb] #aj?4--,! ,beagle sail$ f ,valp>aiso to ! s\?1 = ! purpose ( survey+ ! s\!rn "p ( ,*ile1 ! isl& ( ,*iloe1 & ! brok5 l& call$ ! ,*onos ,ar*ipelago1 z f> s\? z ! ,p59sula ( ,tres ,montes4 ,on ! #ba/ we an*or$ 9 ! bay ( ,s4 ,c>los1 ! capital ( ,*iloe4 ,?is isl& is ab\t n9ety miles long1 ) a bread? ( r less ?an ?irty4 ,! l& is hilly1 b n m\nta9\s1 & is cov]$ by "o great =e/1 except :]e a few gre5 pat*es h be5 cle>$ r\nd ! ?at*$ cottages4 ,f a di/ance ! view some:at resembles t ( ,ti]ra del ,fuego2 b ! woods1 :5 se5 ne>]1 are incomp>ably m beautiful4 ,_m k9ds ( f9e ev]gre5 trees1 & plants ) a tropical "*1 "h take ! place ( ! gloomy bee* ( ! s\!rn %ores4 ,9 w9t] ! climate is dete/able1 & 9 summ] x is only a little bett]4 ,i %\ld ?9k !re are few p>ts ( ! _w1 )9 ! temp]ate regions1 :]e s mu* ra9 falls4 ,! w9ds are v boi/]\s1 & ! sky almo/ always cl\d$3 to h a week ( f9e wea!r is some?+ wond]ful4 ,x is ev5 difficult to get a s+le glimpse ( ! ,cordill]a3 dur+ our fir/ visit1 once only ! volcano ( ,osorno /ood out 9 bold relief1 & t 0 be=e sunrise2 x 0 curi\s to wat*1 z ! sun rose1 ! outl9e gradually fad+ away 9 ! gl>e ( ! ea/]n sky4 ,! inhabitants1 f _! complexion & l[ /ature2 appe> to h ?ree-f\r?s ( ,indian blood 9 _! ve9s4 ,!y are an humble1 quiet1 indu/ri\s set ( m54 ,al?\gh ! f]tile soil1 result+ f ! decomposition ( ! volcanic rocks1 supports a rank vegetation1 yet ! climate is n fav\rable to any production :i* requires mu* sun%9e to rip5 x4 ,!re is v little pa/ure = ! l>g] quadrup$s2 & 9 consequ5ce1 ! /aple articles ( food are pigs1 potatoes1 & fi%4 ,! p all dress 9 /rong wooll5 g>m5ts1 :i* ea* family makes = itself1 & dyes ) indigo ( a d>k blue col\r4 ,! arts1 h[ev]1 are 9 ! rude/ /ate2--z may be se5 9 _! /range fa%ion ( pl\gh+1 _! me?od ( sp9n+1 gr9d+ corn1 & 9 ! con/ruction ( _! boats4 ,! =e/s are s imp5etrable1 t ! l& is n[h]e cultivat$ except ne> ! coa/ & on ! adjo9+ islets4 ,ev5 :]e pa?s exi/1 !y are sc>cely passable f ! s(t & swampy /ate ( ! soil4 ,! inhabitants1 l ^? ( ,ti]ra del ,fuego1 move ab\t *iefly on ! bea* or 9 boats4 ,al?\gh ) pl5ty to eat1 ! p are v poor3 !re is no dem& = lab\r1 & consequ5tly ! l[] ord]s _c scrape toge!r money suffici5t to pur*ase ev5 ! smalle/ luxuries4 ,!re is also a great defici5cy ( a circulat+ m$ium4 ,i h se5 a man br++ on 8 back a bag ( *>coal1 ) :i* to buy "s trifle1 & ano!r c>ry+ a plank to ex*ange = a bottle ( w9e4 ,h5ce e tradesman mu/ also be a m]*ant1 & aga9 sell ! goods :i* he takes 9 ex*ange4 ,novemb] #bd?4--,! yawl & :ale-boat 7 s5t "u ! comm& ( ,mr4 7n[ ,capta97 ,sulivan1 to survey ! ea/]n or inl& coa/ ( ,*iloe2 & ) ord]s to meet ! ,beagle at ! s\!rn extremity ( ! isl&2 to :i* po9t %e w\ld proce$ by ! outside1 s z ?us to circumnavigate ! :ole4 ,i accompani$ ?is exp$ition1 b in/ead ( go+ 9 ! boats ! fir/ day1 ,i hir$ horses to take me to ,*acao1 at ! nor!rn extremity ( ! isl&4 ,! road foll[$ ! coa/2 e n[ & !n cross+ promontories cov]$ by f9e =e/s4 ,9 ^! %ad$ pa?s x is absolutely necess>y t ! :ole road %\ld be made ( logs ( wood1 :i* are squ>$ & plac$ by ! side ( ea* o!r4 ,f ! rays ( ! sun nev] p5etrat+ ! ev]gre5 foliage1 ! gr\nd is s damp & s(t1 t except by ?is means nei!r man nor horse w\ld be able to pass along4 ,i arriv$ at ! village ( ,*acao %ortly aft] ! t5ts belong+ to ! boats 7 pit*$ = ! night4 ,! l& 9 ?is neighb\rhood has be5 ext5sively cle>$1 & !re 7 _m quiet & mo/ picturesque nooks 9 ! =e/4 ,*acao 0 =m]ly ! pr9cipal port 9 ! isl&2 b _m vessels hav+ be5 lo/1 ow+ to ! dang]\s curr5ts & rocks 9 ! /raits1 ! ,spani% gov]nm5t burnt ! *ur*1 & ?us arbitr>ily compell$ ! great] numb] ( inhabitants to migrate to ,s4 ,c>los4 ,we _h n long biv\ack$1 be=e ! b>efoot$ son ( ! gov]nor came d[n to reconnoitre u4 ,see+ ! ,engli% flag hoi/$ at ! yawl's ma/-head1 he ask$ ) ! utmo/ indiff]5ce1 :e!r x 0 always to fly at ,*acao4 ,9 sev]al places ! inhabitants 7 mu* a/oni%$ at ! appe>ance ( m5-(-w>'s boats1 & hop$ & believ$ x 0 ! =]unn] ( a ,spani% fleet1 com+ to recov] ! isl& f ! patriot gov]nm5t ( ,*ile4 ,all ! m5 9 p[]1 h[ev]1 _h be5 in=m$ ( our int5d$ visit1 & 7 exce$+ly civil4 ,:ile we 7 eat+ our supp]1 ! gov]nor paid u a visit4 ,he _h be5 a lieut5ant-colonel 9 ! ,spani% s]vice1 b n[ 0 mis]ably poor4 ,he gave u two %eep1 & accept$ 9 return two cotton h&k]*iefs1 "s brass tr9kets1 & a little tobacco4 #be?4--,torr5ts ( ra93 we manag$1 h[ev]1 to run d[n ! coa/ z f> z ,huapi-l5\4 ,! :ole ( ?is ea/]n side ( ,*iloe has "o aspect2 x is a pla91 brok5 by valleys & divid$ into little isl&s1 & ! :ole ?ickly cov]$ ) "o imp]vi\s blacki%-gre5 =e/4 ,on ! m>g9s !re are "s cle>$ spaces1 surr\nd+ ! high-ro($ cottages4 #bf?--,! day rose spl5didly cle>4 ,! volcano ( ,orsono 0 sp\t+ out volumes ( smoke4 ,?is mo/ beautiful m\nta91 =m$ l a p]fect cone1 & :ite ) sn[1 /&s out 9 front ( ! ,cordill]a4 ,ano!r great volcano1 ) a saddle-%ap$ summit1 also emitt$ f its imm5se crat] little jets ( /eam4 ,subsequ5tly we saw ! l(ty-peak$ ,corcovado--well des]v+ ! "n ( el famoso ,corcovado4 ,?us we beheld1 f "o po9t ( view1 ?ree great active volcanoes1 ea* ab\t sev5 ?\s& feet high4 ,9 addition to ?is1 f> to ! s\?1 !re 7 o!r l(ty cones cov]$ ) sn[1 :i*1 al?\gh n kn[n to be active1 mu/ be 9 _! orig9 volcanic4 ,! l9e ( ! ,&es is n1 9 ?is neighb\rhood1 ne>ly s elevat$ z 9 ,*ile2 nei!r does x appe> to =m s p]fect a b>ri] betwe5 ! regions ( ! e>?4 ,?is great range1 al?\gh runn+ 9 a /raight nor? & s\? l9e1 ow+ to an optical deception1 always appe>$ m or less curv$2 = ! l9es drawn f ea* peak to ! behold]'s eye1 necess>ily conv]g$ l ! radii ( a semicircle1 & z x 0 n possible 7ow+ to ! cle>ness ( ! atmosph]e & ! abs5ce ( all int]m$iate objects7 to judge h[ f> di/ant ! f>!/ peaks 7 (f1 !y appe>$ to /& 9 a flatti% semicircle4 ,l&+ at midday1 we saw a family ( pure ,indian extraction4 ,! fa!r 0 s+ul>ly l ,york ,m9/]2 & "s ( ! y\ng] boys1 ) _! ruddy complexions1 might h be5 mi/ak5 = ,pampas ,indians4 ,ev]y?+ ,i h se51 conv9ces me ( ! close connexion ( ! diff]5t ,am]ican tribes1 :o nev]!less speak di/9ct languages4 ,?is p>ty c\ld mu/] b little ,spani%1 & talk$ to ea* o!r 9 _! own tongue4 ,x is a pleasant ?+ to see ! aborig9es advanc$ to ! same degree ( civilization1 h[ev] l[ t may be1 :i* _! :ite conqu]ors h atta9$4 ,m to ! s\? we saw _m pure ,indians3 inde$1 all ! inhabitants ( "s ( ! islets reta9 _! ,indian surnames4 ,9 ! c5sus ( #ahcb1 !re 7 9 ,*iloe & its dep5d5cies =ty-two ?\s& s\ls2 ! great] numb] ( ^! appe> to be ( mix$ blood4 ,elev5 ?\s& reta9 _! ,indian surnames1 b x is probable t n ne>ly all ( ^! are ( a pure bre$4 ,_! mann] ( life is ! same ) t ( ! o!r poor inhabitants1 & !y are all ,*ri/ians2 b x is said t !y yet reta9 "s /range sup]/iti\s c]emonies1 & t !y pret5d to hold communication ) ! devil 9 c]ta9 caves4 ,=m]ly1 e "o convict$ ( ?is (f5ce 0 s5t to ! ,inquisition at ,lima4 ,_m ( ! inhabitants :o are n includ$ 9 ! elev5 ?\s& ) ,indian surnames1 _c be di/+ui%$ by _! appe>ance f ,indians4 ,gomez1 ! gov]nor ( ,lemuy1 is desc5d$ f noblem5 ( ,spa9 on bo? sides2 b by con/ant int]m>riages ) ! natives ! pres5t man is an ,indian4 ,on ! o!r h& ! gov]nor ( ,qu9*ao boa/s mu* ( 8 purely kept ,spani% blood4 ,we rea*$ at night a beautiful little cove1 nor? ( ! isl& ( ,caucahue4 ,! p "h compla9$ ( want ( l&4 ,?is is p>tly ow+ to _! own neglig5ce 9 n cle>+ ! woods1 & p>tly to re/rictions by ! gov]nm5t1 :i* makes x necess>y1 be=e buy+ ev] s small a piece1 to pay two %ill+s to ! surveyor = measur+ ea* quadra 7#aej y>ds squ>e71 toge!r ) :atev] price he fixes = ! value ( ! l&4 ,aft] 8 valuation ! l& mu/ be put up ?ree times to auction1 & if no "o bids m1 ! pur*as] c h x at t rate4 ,all ^! exactions mu/ be a s]i\s *eck to cle>+ ! gr\nd1 :]e ! inhabitants are s extremely poor4 ,9 mo/ c\ntries1 =e/s are remov$ )\t mu* difficulty by ! aid ( fire2 b 9 ,*iloe1 f ! damp nature ( ! climate1 & ! sort ( trees1 x is necess>y fir/ to cut !m d[n4 ,?is is a heavy drawback to ! prosp]ity ( ,*iloe4 ,9 ! "t ( ! ,spani>ds ! ,indians c\ld n hold l&2 & a family1 aft] hav+ cle>$ a piece ( gr\nd1 might be driv5 away1 & ! prop]ty seiz$ by ! gov]nm5t4 ,! ,*ilian au?orities are n[ p]=m+ an act ( ju/ice by mak+ retribution to ^! poor ,indians1 giv+ to ea* man1 accord+ to 8 grade ( life1 a c]ta9 portion ( l&4 ,! value ( uncle>$ gr\nd is v little4 ,! gov]nm5t gave ,mr4 ,d\glas 7! pres5t surveyor1 :o in=m$ me ( ^! circum/ances7 eight & a half squ>e miles ( =e/ ne> ,s4 ,c>los1 9 lieu ( a debt2 & ?is he sold = #cej doll>s1 or ab\t #gj p\nds /]l+4 ,! two succe$+ days 7 f9e1 & at night we rea*$ ! isl& ( ,qu9*ao4 ,?is neighb\rhood is ! mo/ cultivat$ "p ( ! ,ar*ipelago2 = a broad /rip ( l& on ! coa/ ( ! ma9 isl&1 z well z on _m ( ! small] adjo9+ ones1 is almo/ completely cle>$4 ,"s ( ! f>m-h\ses seem$ v com=table4 ,i 0 curi\s to asc]ta9 h[ ri* any ( ^! p might be1 b ,mr4 ,d\glas says t no "o c be consid]$ z possess+ a regul> income4 ,"o ( ! ri*e/ l&[n]s might possibly accumulate1 9 a long indu/ri\s life1 z mu* z #ajjj p\nds /]l+2 b %\ld ?is happ51 x w\ld all be /[$ away 9 "s secret corn]1 = x is ! cu/om ( almo/ e family to h a j> or treasure-*e/ buri$ 9 ! gr\nd4 ,novemb] #cj?4--,e>ly on ,sunday morn+ we rea*$ ,ca/ro1 ! anci5t capital ( ,*iloe1 b n[ a mo/ =lorn & des]t$ place4 ,! usual quadrangul> arrangem5t ( ,spani% t[ns c\ld be trac$1 b ! /reets & plaza 7 coat$ ) f9e gre5 turf1 on :i* %eep 7 br[s+4 ,! *ur*1 :i* /&s 9 ! middle1 is entirely built ( plank1 & has a picturesque & v5]able appe>ance4 ,! pov]ty ( ! place may be conceiv$ f ! fact1 t al?\gh conta9+ "s hundr$s ( inhabitants1 "o ( our p>ty 0 unable any:]e to pur*ase ei!r a p\nd ( sug> or an ord9>y knife4 ,no individual possess$ ei!r a wat* or a clock2 & an old man1 :o 0 suppos$ to h a good idea ( "t1 0 employ$ to /rike ! *ur* bell by guess4 ,! arrival ( our boats 0 a r>e ev5t 9 ?is quiet retir$ corn] ( ! _w2 & ne>ly all ! inhabitants came d[n to ! bea* to see u pit* our t5ts4 ,!y 7 v civil1 & (f]$ u a h\se2 & "o man ev5 s5t u a cask ( cid] z a pres5t4 ,9 ! aft]noon we paid our respects to ! gov]nor--a quiet old man1 :o1 9 8 appe>ance & mann] ( life1 0 sc>cely sup]ior to an ,engli% cottag]4 ,at night heavy ra9 set 91 :i* 0 h>dly suffici5t to drive away f our t5ts ! l>ge circle ( look]s-on4 ,an ,indian family1 :o _h come to trade 9 a canoe f ,cayl51 biv\ack$ ne> u4 ,!y _h no %elt] dur+ ! ra94 ,9 ! morn+ ,i ask$ a "y ,indian1 :o 0 wet to ! sk91 h[ he _h pass$ ! night4 ,he seem$ p]fectly cont5t1 & answ]$1 ,muy bi51 s5or4 ,decemb] #a/4--,we /e]$ = ! isl& ( ,lemuy4 ,i 0 anxi\s to exam9e a report$ coal-m9e :i* turn$ out to be lignite ( little value1 9 ! s&/one 7probably ( an anci5t t]ti>y epo*7 ( :i* ^! isl&s are compos$4 ,:5 we rea*$ ,lemuy we _h mu* difficulty 9 f9d+ any place to pit* our t5ts1 = x 0 spr+-tide1 & ! l& 0 wood$ d[n to ! wat]'s edge4 ,9 a %ort "t we 7 surr\nd$ by a l>ge gr\p ( ! ne>ly pure ,indian inhabitants4 ,!y 7 mu* surpris$ at our arrival1 & said "o to ! o!r1 ,?is is ! reason we h se5 s _m p>rots lately2 ! *eucau 7an odd r$-brea/$ little bird1 :i* inhabits ! ?ick =e/1 & utt]s v peculi> noises7 has n cri$ 'bew>e' = no?+4 ,!y 7 soon anxi\s = b>t]4 ,money 0 sc>cely wor? any?+1 b _! eag]ness = tobacco 0 some?+ q extraord9>y4 ,aft] tobacco1 indigo came next 9 value2 !n capsicum1 old clo!s1 & gunp[d]4 ,! latt] article 0 requir$ = a v innoc5t purpose3 ea* p>i% has a public musket1 & ! gunp[d] 0 want$ = mak+ a noise on _! sa9t or fea/ days4 ,! p "h live *iefly on %ell-fi% & potatoes4 ,at c]ta9 seasons !y cat* also1 9 corrales1 or h$ges "u wat]1 _m fi% :i* are left on ! mud-banks z ! tide falls4 ,!y occasionally possess f[ls1 %eep1 goats1 pigs1 horses1 & cattle2 ! ord] 9 :i* !y are "h m5tion$1 express+ _! respective numb]s4 ,i nev] saw any?+ m oblig+ & humble ?an ! mann]s ( ^! p4 ,!y g5]ally began ) /at+ t !y 7 poor natives ( ! place1 & n ,spani>ds & t !y 7 9 sad want ( tobacco & o!r com=ts4 ,at ,cayl51 ! mo/ s\!rn isl&1 ! sailors b\ght ) a /ick ( tobacco1 ( ! value ( ?ree-halfp5ce1 two f[ls1 "o ( :i*1 ! ,indian /at$1 _h sk9 betwe5 its toes1 & turn$ out to be a f9e duck2 & ) "s cotton h&k]*iefs1 wor? ?ree %ill+s1 ?ree %eep & a l>ge bun* ( onions 7 procur$4 ,! yawl at ?is place 0 an*or$ "s way f ! %ore1 & we _h fe>s = h] safety f robb]s dur+ ! night4 ,our pilot1 ,mr4 ,d\glas1 accord+ly told ! con/able ( ! di/rict t we always plac$ s5t9els ) load$ arms & n und]/&+ ,spani%1 if we saw any p]son 9 ! d>k1 we %\ld assur$ly %oot him4 ,! con/able1 ) mu* humility1 agre$ to ! p]fect propriety ( ?is arrangem5t1 & promis$ u t no "o %\ld /ir out ( 8 h\se dur+ t night4 ,dur+ ! f\r succe$+ days we cont9u$ sail+ s\?w>d4 ,! g5]al features ( ! c\ntry rema9$ ! same1 b x 0 mu* less ?ickly inhabit$4 ,on ! l>ge isl& ( ,tanqui !re 0 sc>cely "o cle>$ spot1 ! trees on e side ext5d+ _! bran*es ov] ! sea-bea*4 ,i "o day notic$1 gr[+ on ! s&/one cliffs1 "s v f9e plants ( ! panke 7,gunn]a scabra71 :i* some:at resembles ! rhub>b on a gigantic scale4 ,! inhabitants eat ! /alks1 :i* are subacid1 & tan lea!r ) ! roots1 & prep>e a black dye f !m4 ,! leaf is ne>ly circul>1 b deeply ind5t$ on its m>g94 ,i measur$ "o :i* 0 ne>ly eight feet 9 diamet]1 & !re=e no less ?an tw5ty-f\r 9 circumf]5ce6 ,! /alk is r m ?an a y>d high1 & ea* plant s5ds out f\r or five ( ^! enorm\s leaves1 pres5t+ toge!r a v noble appe>ance4 ,decemb] #f?4--,we rea*$ ,cayl51 call$ el f9 del ,cri/i&ad4 ,9 ! morn+ we /opp$ = a few m9utes at a h\se on ! nor!rn end ( ,laylec1 :i* 0 ! extreme po9t ( ,s\? ,am]ican ,*ri/5dom1 & a mis]able hovel x 04 ,! latitude is #dc degs4 #aj'1 :i* is two degrees f>!r s\? ?an ! ,rio ,negro on ! ,atlantic coa/4 ,^! extreme ,*ri/ians 7 v poor1 &1 "u ! plea ( _! situation1 begg$ = "s tobacco4 ,z a pro( ( ! pov]ty ( ^! ,indians1 ,i may m5tion t %ortly be=e ?is1 we _h met a man1 :o _h travell$ ?ree days & a half on foot1 & _h z _m to return1 = ! sake ( recov]+ ! value ( a small axe & a few fi%4 ,h[ v difficult x mu/ be to buy ! smalle/ article1 :5 su* tr\ble is tak5 to recov] s small a debt4 ,9 ! ev5+ we rea*$ ! isl& ( ,san ,p$ro1 :]e we f\nd ! ,beagle at an*or4 ,9 d\bl+ ! po9t1 two ( ! (fic]s l&$ to take a r\nd ( angles ) ! !odolite4 ,a fox 7,canis fulvipes71 ( a k9d said to be peculi> to ! isl&1 & v r>e 9 x1 & :i* is a new species1 0 sitt+ on ! rocks4 ,he 0 s int5tly absorb$ 9 wat*+ ! "w ( ! (fic]s1 t ,i 0 able1 by quietly walk+ up beh9d1 to knock him on ! head ) my geological hamm]4 ,?is fox1 m curi\s or m sci5tific1 b less wise1 ?an ! g5]ality ( 8 bre?r51 is n[ m\nt$ 9 ! museum ( ! ,zoological ,society4 ,we /ay$ ?ree days 9 ?is h>b\r1 on "o ( :i* ,capta9 ,fitz ,roy1 ) a p>ty1 attempt$ to asc5d to ! summit ( ,san ,p$ro4 ,! woods "h _h r a diff]5t appe>ance f ^? on ! nor!rn "p ( ! isl&4 ,! rock1 also1 be+ micace\s slate1 !re 0 no bea*1 b ! /eep sides dipp$ directly b5ea? ! wat]4 ,! g5]al aspect 9 consequ5ce 0 m l t ( ,ti]ra del ,fuego ?an ( ,*iloe4 ,9 va9 we tri$ to ga9 ! summit3 ! =e/ 0 s imp5etrable1 t no "o :o has n beheld x c imag9e s entangl$ a mass ( dy+ & dead trunks4 ,i am sure t (t51 = m ?an t5 m9utes toge!r1 our feet nev] t\*$ ! gr\nd1 & we 7 frequ5tly t5 or fifte5 feet above x1 s t ! seam5 z a joke call$ out ! s\nd+s4 ,at o!r times we crept "o aft] ano!r on our h&s & knees1 "u ! rott5 trunks4 ,9 ! l[] "p ( ! m\nta91 noble trees ( ! ,w9t]'s ,b>k1 & a laurel l ! sassafras ) fragrant leaves1 & o!rs1 ! names ( :i* ,i d n "k1 7 matt$ toge!r by a trail+ bamboo or cane4 ,"h we 7 m l fi%es /ruggl+ 9 a net ?an any o!r animal4 ,on ! high] p>ts1 bru%wood takes ! place ( l>g] trees1 ) "h & !re a r$ c$> or an al]ce p9e4 ,i 0 also pleas$ to see1 at an elevation ( a little less ?an #ajjj feet1 our old fri5d ! s\!rn bee*4 ,!y 71 h[ev]1 poor /unt$ trees1 & ,i %\ld ?9k t ?is mu/ be ne>ly _! nor!rn limit4 ,we ultimately gave up ! attempt 9 despair4 ,decemb] #aj?4--,! yawl & :ale-boat1 ) ,mr4 ,sulivan1 proce$$ on _! survey1 b ,i rema9$ on bo>d ! ,beagle1 :i* ! next day left ,san ,p$ro = ! s\?w>d4 ,on ! #ac? we ran into an op5+ 9 ! s\!rn "p ( ,guayatecas1 or ! ,*onos ,ar*ipelago2 & x 0 =tunate we did s1 = on ! foll[+ day a /orm1 wor?y ( ,ti]ra del ,fuego1 rag$ ) great fury4 ,:ite massive cl\ds 7 pil$ up aga9/ a d>k blue sky1 & across !m black ragg$ %eets ( vap\r 7 rapidly driv54 ,! successive m\nta9 ranges appe>$ l dim %ad[s1 & ! sett+ sun ca/ on ! woodl& a yell[ gleam1 mu* l t produc$ by ! flame ( spirits ( w9e4 ,! wat] 0 :ite ) ! fly+ spray1 & ! w9d lull$ & ro>$ aga9 ?r\gh ! rigg+3 x 0 an om9\s1 sublime sc5e4 ,dur+ a few m9utes !re 0 a bright ra9b[1 & x 0 curi\s to obs]ve ! effect ( ! spray1 :i* be+ c>ri$ along ! surface ( ! wat]1 *ang$ ! ord9>y semicircle into a circle--a b& ( prismatic col\rs be+ cont9u$1 f bo? feet ( ! common ar* across ! bay1 close to ! vessel's side3 ?us =m+ a di/ort$1 b v ne>ly entire r+4 ,we /ay$ "h ?ree days4 ,! wea!r cont9u$ bad3 b ?is did n mu* signify1 = ! surface ( ! l& 9 all ^! isl&s is all b impassable4 ,! coa/ is s v rugg$ t to attempt to walk 9 t direction requires cont9u$ scrambl+ up & d[n ov] ! %>p rocks ( mica-slate2 & z = ! woods1 our faces1 h&s1 & %9-bones all bore witness to ! maltreatm5t we receiv$1 9 m]ely attempt+ to p5etrate _! =bidd5 recesses4 ,decemb] #ah?4--,we /ood out to sea4 ,on ! #bj? we bade f>ewell to ! s\?1 & ) a fair w9d turn$ ! %ip's head nor?w>d4 ,f ,cape ,tres ,montes we sail$ pleasantly along ! l(ty wea!r-beat5 coa/1 :i* is rem>kable = ! bold outl9e ( its hills1 & ! ?ick cov]+ ( =e/ ev5 on ! almo/ precipit\s flanks4 ,! next day a h>b\r 0 discov]$1 :i* on ?is dang]\s coa/ might be ( great s]vice to a di/ress$ vessel4 ,x c easily be recogniz$ by a hill #afjj feet high1 :i* is ev5 m p]fectly conical ?an ! fam\s sug>-loaf at ,rio de ,janeiro4 ,! next day1 aft] an*or+1 ,i succe$$ 9 rea*+ ! summit ( ?is hill4 ,x 0 a labori\s und]tak+1 = ! sides 7 s /eep t 9 "s p>ts x 0 necess>y to use ! trees z ladd]s4 ,!re 7 also sev]al ext5sive brakes ( ! ,fu*sia1 cov]$ ) its beautiful droop+ fl[]s1 b v difficult to crawl ?r\gh4 ,9 ^! wild c\ntries x gives mu* delight to ga9 ! summit ( any m\nta94 ,!re is an indef9ite expectation ( see+ some?+ v /range1 :i*1 h[ev] (t5 x may be balk$1 nev] fail$ ) me to recur on ea* successive attempt4 ,e "o mu/ "k ! feel+ ( triumph & pride :i* a gr& view f a height communicates to ! m9d4 ,9 ^! little frequ5t$ c\ntries !re is also jo9$ to x "s vanity1 t y p]haps are ! fir/ man :o ev] /ood on ?is p9nacle or admir$ ?is view4 ,a /rong desire is always felt to asc]ta9 :e!r any human be+ has previ\sly visit$ an unfrequ5t$ spot4 ,a bit ( wood ) a nail 9 x1 is pick$ up & /udi$ z if x 7 cov]$ ) hi]oglyphics4 ,possess$ ) ?is feel+1 ,i 0 mu* int]e/$ by f9d+1 on a wild "p ( ! coa/1 a b$ made ( grass b5ea? a l$ge ( rock4 ,close by x !re _h be5 a fire1 & ! man _h us$ an axe4 ,! fire1 b$1 & situation %[$ ! dext]ity ( an ,indian2 b he c\ld sc>cely h be5 an ,indian1 = ! race is 9 ?is "p ext9ct1 ow+ to ! ,ca?olic desire ( mak+ at "o bl[ ,*ri/ians & ,slaves4 ,i _h at ! "t "s misgiv+s t ! solit>y man :o _h made 8 b$ on ?is wild spot1 mu/ h be5 "s poor %ipwreck$ sailor1 :o1 9 try+ to travel up ! coa/1 _h "h laid himself d[n = 8 dre>y night4 ,decemb] #bh?4--,! wea!r cont9u$ v bad1 b x at la/ p]mitt$ u to proce$ ) ! survey4 ,! "t hung heavy on our h&s1 z x always did :5 we 7 delay$ f day to day by successive gales ( w9d4 ,9 ! ev5+ ano!r h>b\r 0 discov]$1 :]e we an*or$4 ,directly aft]w>ds a man 0 se5 wav+ a %irt1 & a boat 0 s5t :i* br\ght back two seam54 ,a p>ty ( six _h run away f an ,am]ican :al+ vessel1 & _h l&$ a little to ! s\?w>d 9 a boat1 :i* 0 %ortly aft]w>ds knock$ to pieces by ! surf4 ,!y _h n[ be5 w&]+ up & d[n ! coa/ = fifte5 mon?s1 )\t kn[+ :i* way to g1 or :]e !y 74 ,:at a s+ul> piece ( good =tune x 0 t ?is h>b\r 0 n[ discov]$6 ,_h x n be5 = ?is "o *ance1 !y might h w&]$ till !y _h gr[n old m51 & at la/ h p]i%$ on ?is wild coa/4 ,_! suff]+s _h be5 v great1 & "o ( _! p>ty _h lo/ 8 life by fall+ f ! cliffs4 ,!y 7 sometimes oblig$ to sep>ate 9 se>* ( food1 & ?is expla9$ ! b$ ( ! solit>y man4 ,consid]+ :at !y _h und]gone1 ,i ?9k !y _h kept a v good reckon+ ( "t1 = !y _h lo/ only f\r days4 ,decemb] #cj?4--,we an*or$ 9 a snug little cove at ! foot ( "s high hills1 ne> ! nor!rn extremity ( ,tres ,montes4 ,aft] breakfa/ ! next morn+1 a p>ty asc5d$ "o ( ^! m\nta9s1 :i* 0 #bdjj feet high4 ,! sc5]y 0 rem>kable ,! *ief "p ( ! range 0 compos$ ( gr&1 solid1 abrupt masses ( granite1 :i* appe>$ z if !y _h be5 coeval ) ! beg9n+ ( ! _w4 ,! granite 0 capp$ ) mica-slate1 & ?is 9 ! lapse ( ages _h be5 worn into /range f+]-%ap$ po9ts4 ,^! two =mations1 ?us diff]+ 9 _! outl9es1 agree 9 be+ almo/ de/itute ( vegetation4 ,?is b>r5ness _h to our eyes a /range appe>ance1 f hav+ be5 s long accu/om$ to ! sight ( an almo/ univ]sal =e/ ( d>k-gre5 trees4 ,i took mu* delight 9 exam9+ ! /ructure ( ^! m\nta9s4 ,! complicat$ & l(ty ranges bore a noble aspect ( durability--equally pr(itless1 h[ev]1 to man & to all o!r animals4 ,granite to ! geologi/ is classic gr\nd3 f its widespread limits1 & its beautiful & compact texture1 few rocks h be5 m anci5tly recognis$4 ,granite has giv5 rise1 p]haps1 to m discussion conc]n+ its orig9 ?an any o!r =mation4 ,we g5]ally see x con/itut+ ! fundam5tal rock1 &1 h[ev] =m$1 we "k x is ! deepe/ lay] 9 ! cru/ ( ?is globe to :i* man has p5etrat$4 ,! limit ( man's k 9 any subject possesses a high int]e/1 :i* is p]haps increas$ by its close neighb\rhood to ! realms ( imag9ation4 ,janu>y #a/ #ahce4--,! new ye> is u%]$ 9 ) ! c]emonies prop] to x 9 ^! regions4 ,%e lays out no false hopes3 a heavy nor?-we/]n gale1 ) /eady ra91 bespeaks ! ris+ ye>4 ,?ank ,god1 we are n de/9$ "h to see ! end ( x1 b hope !n to be 9 ! ,pacific ,ocean1 :]e a blue sky tells "o !re is a heav51--a some?+ beyond ! cl\ds above our heads4 ,! nor?-we/ w9ds prevail+ = ! next f\r days1 we only manag$ to cross a great bay1 & !n an*or$ 9 ano!r secure h>b\r4 ,i accompani$ ! ,capta9 9 a boat to ! head ( a deep creek4 ,on ! way ! numb] ( seals :i* we saw 0 q a/oni%+3 e bit ( flat rock1 & p>ts ( ! bea*1 7 cov]$ ) !m4 ,!re appe>$ to be ( a lov+ disposition1 & lay huddl$ toge!r1 fa/ asleep1 l s _m pigs2 b ev5 pigs w\ld h be5 a%am$ ( _! dirt1 & ( ! f\l smell :i* came f !m4 ,ea* h]d 0 wat*$ by ! pati5t b inauspici\s eyes ( ! turkey-buzz>d4 ,?is disgu/+ bird1 ) its bald sc>let head1 =m$ to wall[ 9 putridity1 is v common on ! we/ coa/1 & _! att5dance on ! seals %[s on :at !y rely = _! food4 ,we f\nd ! wat] 7probably only t ( ! surface7 ne>ly fre%3 ?is 0 caus$ by ! numb] ( torr5ts :i*1 9 ! =m ( cascades1 came tumbl+ ov] ! bold granite m\nta9s into ! sea4 ,! fre% wat] attracts ! fi%1 & ^! br+ _m t]ns1 gulls1 & two k9ds ( cormorant4 ,we saw also a pair ( ! beautiful black-neck$ swans1 & sev]al small sea-ott]s1 ! fur ( :i* is held 9 su* high e/imation4 ,9 return+1 we 7 aga9 amus$ by ! impetu\s mann] 9 :i* ! heap ( seals1 old & "y1 tumbl$ into ! wat] z ! boat pass$4 ,!y did n rema9 long "u wat]1 b ris+1 foll[$ u ) out/ret*$ necks1 express+ great wond] & curiosity4 #g?4--,hav+ run up ! coa/1 we an*or$ ne> ! nor!rn end ( ! ,*onos ,ar*ipelago1 9 ,l['s ,h>b\r1 :]e we rema9$ a week4 ,! isl&s 7 "h1 z 9 ,*iloe1 compos$ ( a /ratifi$1 s(t1 littoral deposit2 & ! vegetation 9 consequ5ce 0 beautifully luxuriant4 ,! woods came d[n to ! sea-bea*1 j 9 ! mann] ( an ev]gre5 %rubb]y ov] a gravel walk4 ,we also enjoy$ f ! an*orage a spl5did view ( f\r great sn[y cones ( ! ,cordill]a1 includ+ el famoso ,corcovado2 ! range itself _h 9 ?is latitude s little height1 t few p>ts ( x appe>$ above ! tops ( ! neighb\r+ islets4 ,we f\nd "h a p>ty ( five m5 f ,cayl51 el f9 del ,cri/i&ad1 :o _h mo/ adv5tur\sly cross$ 9 _! mis]able boat-canoe1 = ! purpose ( fi%+1 ! op5 space ( sea :i* sep>ates ,*onos f ,*iloe4 ,^! isl&s w1 9 all probability1 9 a %ort "t become peopl$ l ^? adjo9+ ! coa/ ( ,*iloe4 ,! wild potato gr[s on ^! isl&s 9 great abundance1 on ! s&y1 %elly soil ne> ! sea-bea*4 ,! talle/ plant 0 f\r feet 9 height4 ,! tub]s 7 g5]ally small1 b ,i f\nd "o1 ( an oval %ape1 two in*es 9 diamet]3 !y resembl$ 9 e respect1 & _h ! same smell z ,engli% potatoes2 b :5 boil$ !y %runk mu*1 & 7 wat]y & insipid1 )\t any bitt] ta/e4 ,!y are und\bt$ly "h indig5\s3 !y gr[ z f> s\?1 accord+ to ,mr4 ,l[1 z lat4 #ej degs41 & are call$ ,aqu9as by ! wild ,indians ( t "p3 ! ,*ilotan ,indians h a diff]5t "n = !m4 ,pr(essor ,h5sl[1 :o has exam9$ ! dri$ specim5s :i* ,i br\ght home1 says t !y are ! same ) ^? describ$ by ,mr4 ,sab9e #a f ,valp>aiso1 b t !y =m a v>iety :i* by "s botani/s has be5 consid]$ z specifically di/9ct4 ,x is rem>kable t ! same plant %\ld be f\nd on ! /]ile m\nta9s ( c5tral ,*ile1 :]e a drop ( ra9 does n fall = m ?an six mon?s1 & )9 ! damp =e/s ( ^! s\!rn isl&s4 ,9 ! c5tral p>ts ( ! ,*onos ,ar*ipelago 7lat4 #de degs471 ! =e/ has v mu* ! same "* ) t along ! :ole we/ coa/1 = #fjj miles s\?w>d to ,cape ,horn4 ,! arboresc5t grass ( ,*iloe is n f\nd "h2 :ile ! bee* ( ,ti]ra del ,fuego gr[s to a good size1 & =ms a consid]able proportion ( ! wood2 n1 h[ev]1 9 ! same exclusive mann] z x does f>!r s\?w>d4 ,cryptogamic plants "h f9d a mo/ cong5ial climate4 ,9 ! ,/rait ( ,magellan1 z ,i h be=e rem>k$1 ! c\ntry appe>s too cold & wet to all[ ( _! arriv+ at p]fection2 b 9 ^! isl&s1 )9 ! =e/1 ! numb] ( species & great abundance ( mosses1 li*5s1 & small f]ns1 is q extraord9>y4 #b ,9 ,ti]ra del ,fuego trees gr[ only on ! hill-sides2 e level piece ( l& be+ inv>iably cov]$ by a ?ick b$ ( peat2 b 9 ,*iloe flat l& supports ! mo/ luxuriant =e/s4 ,"h1 )9 ! ,*onos ,ar*ipelago1 ! nature ( ! climate m closely approa*es t ( ,ti]ra del ,fuego ?an t ( nor!rn ,*iloe2 = e pat* ( level gr\nd is cov]$ by two species ( plants 7,a/elia pumila & ,donatia magellanica71 :i* by _! jo9t decay compose a ?ick b$ ( ela/ic peat4 ,9 ,ti]ra del ,fuego1 above ! region ( woodl&1 ! =m] ( ^! em95tly sociable plants is ! *ief ag5t 9 ! production ( peat4 ,fre% leaves are always succe$+ "o to ! o!r r\nd ! c5tral tap-root1 ! l[] ones soon decay1 & 9 trac+ a root d[nw>ds 9 ! peat1 ! leaves1 yet hold+ _! place1 c be obs]v$ pass+ ?r\gh e /age ( decomposition1 till ! :ole becomes bl5d$ 9 "o confus$ mass4 ,! ,a/elia is assi/$ by a few o!r plants1--"h & !re a small creep+ ,myrtus 7,m4 nummul>ia71 ) a woody /em l our cranb]ry & ) a sweet b]ry1--an ,empetrum 7,e4 rubrum71 l our hea?1--a ru% 7,juncus gr&iflorus71 are ne>ly ! only ones t gr[ on ! swampy surface4 ,^! plants1 ?\gh possess+ a v close g5]al resemblance to ! ,engli% species ( ! same g5]a1 are diff]5t4 ,9 ! m level p>ts ( ! c\ntry1 ! surface ( ! peat is brok5 up into little pools ( wat]1 :i* /& at diff]5t heights1 & appe> z if artificially excavat$4 ,small /reams ( wat]1 fl[+ und]gr\nd1 complete ! disorganization ( ! vegetable matt]1 & consolidate ! :ole4 ,! climate ( ! s\!rn "p ( ,am]ica appe>s p>ticul>ly fav\rable to ! production ( peat4 ,9 ! ,falkl& ,isl&s almo/ e k9d ( plant1 ev5 ! co>se grass :i* cov]s ! :ole surface ( ! l&1 becomes conv]t$ into ?is sub/ance3 sc>cely any situation *ecks its gr[?2 "s ( ! b$s are z mu* z twelve feet ?ick1 & ! l[] "p becomes s solid :5 dry1 t x w h>dly burn4 ,al?\gh e plant l5ds its aid1 yet 9 mo/ p>ts ! ,a/elia is ! mo/ effici5t4 ,x is r a s+ul> circum/ance1 z be+ s v diff]5t f :at occurs 9 ,europe1 t ,i n[h]e saw moss =m+ by its decay any portion ( ! peat 9 ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,) respect to ! nor!rn limit1 at :i* ! climate all[s ( t peculi> k9d ( sl[ decomposition :i* is necess>y = its production1 ,i believe t 9 ,*iloe 7lat4 #da to #db degs471 al?\gh !re is mu* swampy gr\nd1 no well-*>act]iz$ peat occurs3 b 9 ! ,*onos ,isl&s1 ?ree degrees f>!r s\?w>d1 we h se5 t x is abundant4 ,on ! ea/]n coa/ 9 ,la ,plata 7lat4 #ce degs47 ,i 0 told by a ,spani% resid5t :o _h visit$ ,irel&1 t he _h (t5 s\ght = ?is sub/ance1 b _h nev] be5 able to f9d any4 ,he %[$ me1 z ! ne>e/ approa* to x :i* he _h discov]$1 a black peaty soil1 s p5etrat$ ) roots z to all[ ( an extremely sl[ & imp]fect combu/ion4 ,! zoology ( ^! brok5 islets ( ! ,*onos ,ar*ipelago is1 z might h be5 expect$1 v poor4 ,( quadrup$s two aquatic k9ds are common4 ,! ,myopotamus ,coypus 7l a beav]1 b ) a r\nd tail7 is well kn[n f its f9e fur1 :i* is an object ( trade ?r\gh\t ! tribut>ies ( ,la ,plata4 ,x "h1 h[ev]1 exclusively frequ5ts salt wat]2 :i* same circum/ance has be5 m5tion$ z sometimes occurr+ ) ! great rod5t1 ! ,capyb>a4 ,a small sea-ott] is v num]\s2 ?is animal does n fe$ exclusively on fi%1 b1 l ! seals1 draws a l>ge supply f a small r$ crab1 :i* swims 9 %oals ne> ! surface ( ! wat]4 ,mr4 ,bynoe saw "o 9 ,ti]ra del ,fuego eat+ a cuttle-fi%2 & at ,l['s ,h>b\r1 ano!r 0 kill$ 9 ! act ( c>ry+ to its hole a l>ge volute %ell4 ,at "o place ,i caught 9 a trap a s+ul> little m\se 7,m4 bra*iotis72 x appe>$ common on sev]al ( ! islets1 b ! ,*ilotans at ,l['s ,h>b\r said t x 0 n f\nd 9 all4 ,:at a succession ( *ances1 #c or :at *anges ( level mu/ h be5 br\ght into play1 ?us to spread ^! small animals ?r\gh\t ?is brok5 ar*ipelago6 ,9 all p>ts ( ,*iloe & ,*onos1 two v /range birds occur1 :i* are alli$ to1 & replace1 ! ,turco & ,tapacolo ( c5tral ,*ile4 ,"o is call$ by ! inhabitants ,*eucau 7,pt]opto*os rubecula73 x frequ5ts ! mo/ gloomy & retir$ spots )9 ! damp =e/s4 ,sometimes1 al?\gh its cry may be he>d close at h&1 let a p]son wat* ev] s att5tively he w n see ! *eucau2 at o!r times1 let him /& motionless & ! r$-brea/$ little bird w approa* )9 a few feet 9 ! mo/ famili> mann]4 ,x !n busily hops ab\t ! entangl$ mass ( rott+ cones & bran*es1 ) its little tail cock$ upw>ds4 ,! *eucau is held 9 sup]/iti\s fe> by ! ,*ilotans1 on acc\nt ( its /range & v>i$ cries4 ,!re are ?ree v di/9ct cries3 ,"o is call$ *iduco1 & is an om5 ( good2 ano!r1 huitreu1 :i* is extremely unfav\rable2 & a ?ird1 :i* ,i h =gott54 ,^! words are giv5 9 imitation ( ! noises2 & ! natives are 9 "s ?+s absolutely gov]n$ by !m4 ,! ,*ilotans assur$ly h *os5 a mo/ comical little creature = _! prophet4 ,an alli$ species1 b r l>g]1 is call$ by ! natives ,guid-guid 7,pt]opto*os ,t>nii71 & by ! ,engli% ! b>k+-bird4 ,?is latt] "n is well giv52 = ,i defy any "o at fir/ to feel c]ta9 t a small dog is n yelp+ some:]e 9 ! =e/4 ,j z ) ! *eucau1 a p]son w sometimes he> ! b>k close by1 b 9 va9 _m endeav\r by wat*+1 & ) /ill less *ance by beat+ ! bu%es1 to see ! bird2 yet at o!r times ! guid-guid fe>lessly comes ne>4 ,its mann] ( fe$+ & its g5]al habits are v simil> to ^? ( ! *eucau4 ,on ! coa/1 #d a small dusky-col\r$ bird 7,opetiorhyn*us ,patagonicus7 is v common4 ,x is rem>kable f its quiet habits2 x lives entirely on ! sea-bea*1 l a s&pip]4 ,besides ^! birds only few o!rs inhabit ?is brok5 l&4 ,9 my r\gh notes ,i describe ! /range noises1 :i*1 al?\gh frequ5tly he>d )9 ^! gloomy =e/s1 yet sc>cely di/urb ! g5]al sil5ce4 ,! yelp+ ( ! guid-guid1 & ! sudd5 :ew-:ew ( ! *eucau1 sometimes come f af> (f1 & sometimes f close at h&2 ! little black wr5 ( ,ti]ra del ,fuego occasionally adds its cry2 ! creep] 7,oxyurus7 foll[s ! intrud] scream+ & twitt]+2 ! humm+-bird may be se5 e n[ & !n d>t+ f side to side1 & emitt+1 l an insect1 its %rill *irp2 la/ly1 f ! top ( "s l(ty tree ! indi/9ct b pla9tive note ( ! :ite-tuft$ tyrant-flycat*] 7,myiobius7 may be notic$4 ,f ! great prepond]ance 9 mo/ c\ntries ( c]ta9 common g5]a ( birds1 su* z ! f9*es1 "o feels at fir/ surpris$ at meet+ ) ! peculi> =ms above enum]at$1 z ! commone/ birds 9 any di/rict4 ,9 c5tral ,*ile two ( !m1 namely1 ! ,oxyurus & ,scytalopus1 occur1 al?\gh mo/ r>ely4 ,:5 f9d+1 z 9 ?is case1 animals :i* seem to play s insignificant a "p 9 ! great s*eme ( nature1 "o is apt to wond] :y !y 7 creat$4 ,b x %\ld always be recollect$1 t 9 "s o!r c\ntry p]haps !y are ess5tial memb]s ( society1 or at "s =m] p]iod may h be5 s4 ,if ,am]ica s\? ( #cg degs4 7 sunk b5ea? ! wat]s ( ! ocean1 ^! two birds might cont9ue to exi/ 9 c5tral ,*ile = a long p]iod1 b x is v improbable t _! numb]s w\ld increase4 ,we %\ld !n see a case :i* mu/ inevitably h happ5$ ) v _m animals4 ,^! s\!rn seas are frequ5t$ by sev]al species ( ,petrels3 ! l>ge/ k9d1 ,procell>ia gigantea1 or nelly 7quebrantahuesos1 or break-bones1 ( ! ,spani>ds71 is a common bird1 bo? 9 ! inl& *annels & on ! op5 sea4 ,9 its habits & mann] ( flight1 !re is a v close resemblance ) ! albatross2 & z ) ! albatross1 a p]son may wat* x = h\rs toge!r )\t see+ on :at x fe$s4 ,! break-bones is1 h[ev]1 a rapaci\s bird1 = x 0 obs]v$ by "s ( ! (fic]s at ,port ,/4 ,antonio *as+ a div]1 :i* tri$ to escape by div+ & fly+1 b 0 cont9ually /ruck d[n1 & at la/ kill$ by a bl[ on its head4 ,at ,port ,/4 ,julian ^! great petrels 7 se5 kill+ & dev\r+ "y gulls4 ,a second species 7,puff9us c9]eus71 :i* is common to ,europe1 ,cape ,horn1 & ! coa/ ( ,p]u1 is ( mu* small] size ?an ! ,p4 gigantea1 b1 l x1 ( a dirty black col\r4 ,x g5]ally frequ5ts ! inl& s\nds 9 v l>ge flocks3 ,i d n ?9k ,i ev] saw s _m birds ( any o!r sort toge!r1 z ,i once saw ( ^! beh9d ! isl& ( ,*iloe4 ,hundr$s ( ?\s&s flew 9 an irregul> l9e = sev]al h\rs 9 "o direction4 ,:5 "p ( ! flock settl$ on ! wat] ! surface 0 black5$1 & a noise proce$$ f !m z ( human be+s talk+ 9 ! di/ance4 ,!re are sev]al o!r species ( petrels1 b ,i w only m5tion "o o!r k9d1 ! ,pelacanoides ,b]>di :i* (f]s an example ( ^? extraord9>y cases1 ( a bird evid5tly belong+ to "o well-m>k$ family1 yet bo? 9 its habits & /ructure alli$ to a v di/9ct tribe4 ,?is bird nev] leaves ! quiet inl& s\nds4 ,:5 di/urb$ x dives to a di/ance1 & on com+ to ! surface1 ) ! same movem5t takes flight4 ,aft] fly+ by a rapid movem5t ( its %ort w+s = a space 9 a /raight l9e1 x drops1 z if /ruck dead1 & dives aga94 ,! =m ( its beak & no/rils1 l5g? ( foot1 & ev5 ! col\r+ ( its plumage1 %[ t ?is bird is a petrel3 on ! o!r h&1 its %ort w+s & consequ5t little p[] ( flight1 its =m ( body & %ape ( tail1 ! abs5ce ( a h9d toe to its foot1 its habit ( div+1 & its *oice ( situation1 make x at fir/ d\btful :e!r its relation%ip is n equally close ) ! auks4 ,x w\ld und\bt$ly be mi/ak5 = an auk1 :5 se5 f a di/ance1 ei!r on ! w+1 or :5 div+ & quietly swimm+ ab\t ! retir$ *annels ( ,ti]ra del ,fuego4 #a ,horticultural ,transact41 vol4 v4 p4 #bdi4 ,mr4 ,caldeleugh s5t home two tub]s1 :i*1 be+ well manur$1 ev5 ! fir/ season produc$ num]\s potatoes & an abundance ( leaves4 ,see ,humboldt's int]e/+ discussion on ?is plant1 :i* x appe>s 0 unkn[n 9 ,mexico1--9 ,polit4 ,essay on ,new ,spa91 book iv4 *ap4 ix4 #b ,by sweep+ ) my insect-net1 ,i procur$ f ^! situations a consid]able numb] ( m9ute insects1 ( ! family ( ,/aphyl9idae1 & o!rs alli$ to ,pselaphus1 & m9ute ,hym5opt]a4 ,b ! mo/ *>act]i/ic family 9 numb]1 bo? ( individuals & species1 ?r\gh\t ! m op5 p>ts ( ,*iloe & ,*onos is t ( ,telephoridae4 #c ,x is said t "s rapaci\s birds br+ _! prey alive to _! ne/s4 ,if s1 9 ! c\rse ( c5turies1 e n[ & !n1 "o might escape f ! "y birds4 ,"s su* ag5cy is necess>y1 to acc\nt = ! di/ribution ( ! small] gnaw+ animals on isl&s n v ne> ea* o!r4 #d ,i may m5tion1 z a pro( ( h[ great a diff]5ce !re is betwe5 ! seasons ( ! wood$ & ! op5 p>ts ( ?is coa/1 t on ,septemb] #bj?1 9 lat4 #cd degs41 ^! birds _h "y ones 9 ! ne/1 :ile among ! ,*onos ,isl&s1 ?ree mon?s lat] 9 ! summ]1 !y 7 only lay+1 ! diff]5ce 9 latitude betwe5 ^! two places be+ ab\t #gjj miles4 ,,*apt] ,,xiv ,,*iloe ,,& ,,concepcion3 ,,great ,,e>?quake ,san ,c>los1 ,*iloe--,osorno 9 eruption1 contemporane\sly ) ,aconcagua & ,cosegu9a--,ride to ,cucao--,imp5etrable ,=e/s--,valdivia ,indians--,e>?quake--,concepcion--,great ,e>?quake--,rocks fissur$--,appe>ance ( ! =m] ,t[ns--,! ,sea ,black & ,boil+--,direction ( ! ,vibrations--,/ones twi/$ r\nd--,great ,wave--,p]man5t ,elevation ( ! ,l&--,area ( ,volcanic ,ph5om5a--,! connection betwe5 ! ,elevatory & ,eruptive ,=ces--,cause ( ,e>?quakes--,sl[ ,elevation ( ,m\nta9-*a9s4 ,,on ,,janu>y ! #ae? we sail$ f ,l['s ,h>b\r1 & ?ree days aft]w>ds an*or$ a second "t 9 ! bay ( ,s4 ,c>los 9 ,*iloe4 ,on ! night ( ! #ai? ! volcano ( ,osorno 0 9 action4 ,at midnight ! s5try obs]v$ some?+ l a l>ge />1 :i* gradually increas$ 9 size till ab\t ?ree o'clock1 :5 x pres5t$ a v magnific5t spectacle4 ,by ! aid ( a glass1 d>k objects1 9 con/ant succession1 7 se51 9 ! mid/ ( a great gl>e ( r$ light1 to be ?r[n up & to fall d[n4 ,! light 0 suffici5t to ca/ on ! wat] a long bright reflection4 ,l>ge masses ( molt5 matt] seem v commonly to be ca/ out ( ! crat]s 9 ?is "p ( ! ,cordill]a4 ,i 0 assur$ t :5 ! ,corcovado is 9 eruption1 great masses are project$ upw>ds & are se5 to bur/ 9 ! air1 assum+ _m fanta/ical =ms1 su* z trees3 _! size mu/ be imm5se1 = !y c be di/+ui%$ f ! high l& beh9d ,s4 ,c>los1 :i* is no less ?an n9ety-?ree miles f ! ,corcovado4 ,9 ! morn+ ! volcano became tranquil4 ,i 0 surpris$ at he>+ aft]w>ds t ,aconcagua 9 ,*ile1 #dhj miles nor?w>ds1 0 9 action on ! same night2 & /ill m surpris$ to he> t ! great eruption ( ,cosegu9a 7#bgjj miles nor? ( ,aconcagua71 accompani$ by an e>?quake felt ov] a #ajjj miles1 also occurr$ )9 six h\rs ( ?is same "t4 ,?is co9cid5ce is ! m rem>kable1 z ,cosegu9a _h be5 dormant = tw5ty-six ye>s2 & ,aconcagua mo/ r>ely %[s any signs ( action4 ,x is difficult ev5 to conjecture :e!r ?is co9cid5ce 0 accid5tal1 or %[s "s subt]ranean connection4 ,if ,vesuvius1 ,etna1 & ,hecla 9 ,icel& 7all ?ree relatively ne>] ea* o!r ?an ! correspond+ po9ts 9 ,s\? ,am]ica71 sudd5ly bur/ =? 9 eruption on ! same night1 ! co9cid5ce w\ld be ?\ght rem>kable2 b x is f> m rem>kable 9 ?is case1 :]e ! ?ree v5ts fall on ! same great m\nta9-*a91 & :]e ! va/ pla9s along ! entire ea/]n coa/1 & ! uprais$ rec5t %ells along m ?an #bjjj miles on ! we/]n coa/1 %[ 9 h[ equable & connect$ a mann] ! elevatory =ces h act$4 ,capta9 ,fitz ,roy be+ anxi\s t "s be>+s %\ld be tak5 on ! out] coa/ ( ,*iloe1 x 0 plann$ t ,mr4 ,k+ & myself %\ld ride to ,ca/ro1 & !nce across ! isl& to ! ,capella de ,cucao1 situat$ on ! we/ coa/4 ,hav+ hir$ horses & a guide1 we set out on ! morn+ ( ! #bbnd4 ,we _h n proce$$ f>1 be=e we 7 jo9$ by a woman & two boys1 :o 7 b5t on ! same j\rney4 ,e "o on ?is road acts on a hail fell[ well met fa%ion2 & "o may "h enjoy ! privilege1 s r>e 9 ,s\? ,am]ica1 ( travell+ )\t fire-arms4 ,at fir/1 ! c\ntry consi/$ ( a succession ( hills & valleys3 ne>] to ,ca/ro x became v level4 ,! road itself is a curi\s affair2 x consi/s 9 its :ole l5g?1 ) ! exception ( v few p>ts1 ( great logs ( wood1 :i* are ei!r broad & laid longitud9ally1 or n>r[ & plac$ transv]sely4 ,9 summ] ! road is n v bad2 b 9 w9t]1 :5 ! wood is r5d]$ slipp]y f ra91 travell+ is exce$+ly difficult4 ,at t "t ( ! ye>1 ! gr\nd on ea* side becomes a morass1 & is (t5 ov]fl[$3 h5ce x is necess>y t ! longitud9al logs %\ld be fa/5$ d[n by transv]se poles1 :i* are pegg$ on ea* side into ! e>?4 ,^! pegs r5d] a fall f a horse dang]\s1 z ! *ance ( alight+ on "o ( !m is n small4 ,x is rem>kable1 h[ev]1 h[ active cu/om has made ! ,*ilotan horses4 ,9 cross+ bad p>ts1 :]e ! logs _h be5 displac$1 !y skipp$ f "o to ! o!r1 almo/ ) ! quickness & c]ta9ty ( a dog4 ,on bo? h&s ! road is bord]$ by ! l(ty =e/-trees1 ) _! bases matt$ toge!r by canes4 ,:5 occasionally a long rea* ( ?is av5ue c\ld be beheld1 x pres5t$ a curi\s sc5e ( uni=mity3 ! :ite l9e ( logs1 n>r[+ 9 p]spective1 became hidd5 by ! gloomy =e/1 or t]m9at$ 9 a zigzag :i* asc5d$ "s /eep hill4 ,al?\gh ! di/ance f ,s4 ,c>los to ,ca/ro is only twelve leagues 9 a /raight l9e1 ! =mation ( ! road mu/ h be5 a great lab\r4 ,i 0 told t sev]al p _h =m]ly lo/ _! lives 9 attempt+ to cross ! =e/4 ,! fir/ :o succe$$ 0 an ,indian1 :o cut 8 way ?r\gh ! canes 9 eight days1 & rea*$ ,s4 ,c>los3 he 0 rew>d$ by ! ,spani% gov]nm5t ) a grant ( l&4 ,dur+ ! summ]1 _m ( ! ,indians w&] ab\t ! =e/s 7b *iefly 9 ! high] p>ts1 :]e ! woods are n q s ?ick7 9 se>* ( ! half-wild cattle :i* live on ! leaves ( ! cane & c]ta9 trees4 ,x 0 "o ( ^! huntsm5 :o by *ance discov]$1 a few ye>s s9ce1 an ,engli% vessel1 :i* _h be5 wreck$ on ! out] coa/4 ,! crew 7 beg9n+ to fail 9 provisions1 & x is n probable t1 )\t ! aid ( ?is man1 !y w\ld ev] h extricat$ !mselves f ^! sc>cely p5etrable woods4 ,z x 01 "o seaman di$ on ! m>*1 f fatigue4 ,! ,indians 9 ^! excursions /e] by ! sun2 s t if !re is a cont9uance ( cl\dy wea!r1 !y c n travel4 ,! day 0 beautiful1 & ! numb] ( trees :i* 7 9 full fl[] p]fum$ ! air2 yet ev5 ?is c\ld h>dly dissipate ! effects ( ! gloomy dampness ( ! =e/4 ,moreov]1 ! _m dead trunks t /& l skeletons1 nev] fail to give to ^! primeval woods a "* ( solemnity1 abs5t 9 ^? ( c\ntries long civiliz$4 ,%ortly aft] sunset we biv\ack$ = ! night4 ,our female companion1 :o 0 r good-look+1 belong$ to "o ( ! mo/ respectable families 9 ,ca/ro3 %e rode1 h[ev]1 a/ride1 & )\t %oes or /ock+s4 ,i 0 surpris$ at ! total want ( pride %[n by h] & h] bro!r4 ,!y br\ght food ) !m1 b at all our meals sat wat*+ ,mr4 ,k+ & myself :il/ eat+1 till we 7 fairly %am$ into fe$+ ! :ole p>ty4 ,! night 0 cl\dless2 & :ile ly+ 9 our b$s1 we enjoy$ ! sight 7& x is a high enjoym5t7 ( ! multitude ( />s :i* illum9$ ! d>kness ( ! =e/4 ,janu>y #bcrd4--,we rose e>ly 9 ! morn+1 & rea*$ ! pretty quiet t[n ( ,ca/ro by two o'clock4 ,! old gov]nor _h di$ s9ce our la/ visit1 & a ,*il5o 0 act+ 9 8 place4 ,we _h a lett] ( introduction to ,don ,p$ro1 :om we f\nd exce$+ly hospitable & k9d1 & m dis9t]e/$ ?an is usual on ?is side ( ! cont95t4 ,! next day ,don ,p$ro procur$ u fre% horses1 & (f]$ to accompany u himself4 ,we proce$$ to ! s\?--g5]ally foll[+ ! coa/1 & pass+ ?r\gh sev]al hamlets1 ea* ) its l>ge b>n-l *apel built ( wood4 ,at ,vilipilli1 ,don ,p$ro ask$ ! comm&ant to give u a guide to ,cucao4 ,! old g5tleman (f]$ to come himself2 b = a long "t no?+ w\ld p]suade him t two ,engli%m5 really wi%$ to g to su* an out-(-!-way place z ,cucao4 ,we 7 ?us accompani$ by ! two greate/ ari/ocrats 9 ! c\ntry1 z 0 pla9ly to be se5 9 ! mann] ( all ! poor] ,indians t[>ds !m4 ,at ,*on*i we /ruck across ! isl&1 foll[+ intricate w9d+ pa?s1 sometimes pass+ ?r\gh magnific5t =e/s1 & sometimes ?r\gh pretty cle>$ spots1 ab\nd+ ) corn & potato crops4 ,?is undulat+ woody c\ntry1 p>tially cultivat$1 rem9d$ me ( ! wild] p>ts ( ,engl&1 & !re=e _h to my eye a mo/ fasc9at+ aspect4 ,at ,vil9co1 :i* is situat$ on ! bord]s ( ! lake ( ,cucao1 only a few fields 7 cle>$2 & all ! inhabitants appe>$ to be ,indians4 ,?is lake is twelve miles long1 & runs 9 an ea/ & we/ direction4 ,f local circum/ances1 ! sea-breeze bl[s v regul>ly dur+ ! day1 & dur+ ! night x falls calm3 ?is has giv5 rise to /range exagg]ations1 = ! ph5om5on1 z describ$ to u at ,s4 ,c>los1 0 q a prodigy4 ,! road to ,cucao 0 s v bad t we det]m9$ to emb>k 9 a p]iagua4 ,! comm&ant1 9 ! mo/ au?oritative mann]1 ord]$ six ,indians to get ready to pull u ov]1 )\t deign+ to tell !m :e!r !y w\ld be paid4 ,! p]iagua is a /range r\gh boat1 b ! crew 7 /ill /rang]3 ,i d\bt if six ugli] little m5 ev] got into a boat toge!r4 ,!y pull$1 h[ev]1 v well & *e]fully4 ,! /roke-o>sman gabbl$ ,indian1 & utt]$ /range cries1 mu* aft] ! fa%ion ( a pig-driv] driv+ 8 pigs4 ,we />t$ ) a light breeze aga9/ u1 b yet rea*$ ! ,capella de ,cucao be=e x 0 late4 ,! c\ntry on ea* side ( ! lake 0 "o unbrok5 =e/4 ,9 ! same p]iagua ) u1 a c[ 0 emb>k$4 ,to get s l>ge an animal into a small boat appe>s at fir/ a difficulty1 b ! ,indians manag$ x 9 a m9ute4 ,!y br\ght ! c[ alongside ! boat1 :i* 0 heel$ t[>ds h]2 !n plac+ two o>s "u h] belly1 ) _! ends re/+ on ! gunwale1 by ! aid ( ^! lev]s !y fairly tumbl$ ! poor bea/ heels ov] head into ! bottom ( ! boat1 & !n la%$ h] d[n ) ropes4 ,at ,cucao we f\nd an un9habit$ hovel 7:i* is ! resid5ce ( ! padre :5 he pays ?is ,capella a visit71 :]e1 light+ a fire1 we cook$ our supp]1 & 7 v com=table4 ,! di/rict ( ,cucao is ! only inhabit$ "p on ! :ole we/ coa/ ( ,*iloe4 ,x conta9s ab\t ?irty or =ty ,indian families1 :o are scatt]$ along f\r or five miles ( ! %ore4 ,!y are v mu* seclud$ f ! re/ ( ,*iloe1 & h sc>cely any sort ( comm]ce1 except sometimes 9 a little oil1 :i* !y get f seal-blubb]4 ,!y are tol]ably dress$ 9 clo!s ( _! own manufacture1 & !y h pl5ty to eat4 ,!y seem$1 h[ev]1 discont5t$1 yet humble to a degree :i* x 0 q pa9ful to witness4 ,^! feel+s are1 ,i ?9k1 *iefly to be attribut$ to ! h>% & au?oritative mann] 9 :i* !y are treat$ by _! rul]s4 ,our companions1 al?\gh s v civil to u1 behav$ to ! poor ,indians z if !y _h be5 slaves1 r ?an free m54 ,!y ord]$ provisions & ! use ( _! horses1 )\t ev] condesc5d+ to say h[ mu*1 or inde$ :e!r ! own]s %\ld be paid at all4 ,9 ! morn+1 be+ left alone ) ^! poor p1 we soon +ratiat$ ourselves by pres5ts ( cig>s & mate4 ,a lump ( :ite sug> 0 divid$ betwe5 all pres5t1 & ta/$ ) ! greate/ curiosity4 ,! ,indians end$ all _! compla9ts by say+1 ,& x is only because we are poor ,indians1 & "k no?+2 b x 0 n s :5 we _h a ,k+4 ,! next day aft] breakfa/1 we rode a few miles nor?w>d to ,punta ,huantamo4 ,! road lay along a v broad bea*1 on :i*1 ev5 aft] s _m f9e days1 a t]rible surf 0 break+4 ,i 0 assur$ t aft] a heavy gale1 ! ro> c be he>d at night ev5 at ,ca/ro1 a di/ance ( no less ?an tw5ty-"o sea-miles across a hilly & wood$ c\ntry4 ,we _h "s difficulty 9 rea*+ ! po9t1 ow+ to ! intol]ably bad pa?s2 = ev]y:]e 9 ! %ade ! gr\nd soon becomes a p]fect quagmire4 ,! po9t itself is a bold rocky hill4 ,x is cov]$ by a plant alli$1 ,i believe1 to ,bromelia1 & call$ by ! inhabitants ,*epones4 ,9 scrambl+ ?r\gh ! b$s1 our h&s 7 v mu* scrat*$4 ,i 0 amus$ by obs]v+ ! precaution our ,indian guide took1 9 turn+ up 8 tr\s]s1 ?9k+ t !y 7 m delicate ?an 8 own h>d sk94 ,?is plant be>s a fruit1 9 %ape l an arti*oke1 9 :i* a numb] ( se$-vessels are pack$3 ^! conta9 a pleasant sweet pulp1 "h mu* e/eem$4 ,i saw at ,l['s ,h>b\r ! ,*ilotans mak+ *i*i1 or cid]1 ) ?is fruit3 s true is x1 z ,humboldt rem>ks1 t almo/ ev]y:]e man f9ds means ( prep>+ "s k9d ( bev]age f ! vegetable k+dom4 ,! savages1 h[ev]1 ( ,ti]ra del ,fuego1 & ,i believe ( ,au/ralia1 h n advanc$ ?us f> 9 ! arts4 ,! coa/ to ! nor? ( ,punta ,huantamo is exce$+ly rugg$ & brok51 & is front$ by _m break]s1 on :i* ! sea is et]nally ro>+4 ,mr4 ,k+ & myself 7 anxi\s to return1 if x _h be5 possible1 on foot along ?is coa/2 b ev5 ! ,indians said x 0 q impracticable4 ,we 7 told t m5 h cross$ by /rik+ directly ?r\gh ! woods f ,cucao to ,s4 ,c>los1 b nev] by ! coa/4 ,on ^! exp$itions1 ! ,indians c>ry ) !m only roa/$ corn1 & ( ?is !y eat sp>+ly twice a day4 #bf?4--,re-emb>k+ 9 ! p]iagua1 we return$ across ! lake1 & !n m\nt$ our horses4 ,! :ole ( ,*iloe took advantage ( ?is week ( unusually f9e wea!r1 to cle> ! gr\nd by burn+4 ,9 e direction volumes ( smoke 7 curl+ upw>ds4 ,al?\gh ! inhabitants 7 s assidu\s 9 sett+ fire to e "p ( ! wood1 yet ,i did n see a s+le fire :i* !y _h succe$$ 9 mak+ ext5sive4 ,we d9$ ) our fri5d ! comm&ant1 & did n rea* ,ca/ro till aft] d>k4 ,! next morn+ we />t$ v e>ly4 ,aft] hav+ ridd5 = "s "t1 we obta9$ f ! br[ ( a /eep hill an ext5sive view 7& x is a r>e ?+ on ?is road7 ( ! great =e/4 ,ov] ! horizon ( trees1 ! volcano ( ,corcovado1 & ! great flat-topp$ "o to ! nor?1 /ood out 9 pr\d pre-em95ce3 sc>cely ano!r peak 9 ! long range %[$ its sn[y summit4 ,i hope x w be long be=e ,i =get ?is f>ewell view ( ! magnific5t ,cordill]a front+ ,*iloe4 ,at night we biv\ack$ "u a cl\dless sky1 & ! next morn+ rea*$ ,s4 ,c>los4 ,we arriv$ on ! "r day1 = be=e ev5+ heavy ra9 comm5c$4 ,febru>y #d?4--,sail$ f ,*iloe4 ,dur+ ! la/ week ,i made sev]al %ort excursions4 ,"o 0 to exam9e a great b$ ( n[-exi/+ %ells1 elevat$ #cej feet above ! level ( ! sea3 f among ^! %ells1 l>ge =e/-trees 7 gr[+4 ,ano!r ride 0 to ,p4 ,hue*ucucuy4 ,i _h ) me a guide :o knew ! c\ntry f> too well2 = he w\ld p]t9aci\sly tell me endless ,indian names = e little po9t1 rivulet1 & creek4 ,9 ! same mann] z 9 ,ti]ra del ,fuego1 ! ,indian language appe>s s+ul>ly well adapt$ = atta*+ names to ! mo/ trivial features ( ! l&4 ,i believe e "o 0 glad to say f>ewell to ,*iloe2 yet if we c\ld =get ! gloom & ceaseless ra9 ( w9t]1 ,*iloe might pass = a *>m+ isl&4 ,!re is also some?+ v attractive 9 ! simplicity & humble polit5ess ( ! poor inhabitants4 ,we /e]$ nor?w>d along %ore1 b ow+ to ?ick wea!r did n rea* ,valdivia till ! night ( ! #h?4 ,! next morn+ ! boat proce$$ to ! t[n1 :i* is di/ant ab\t t5 miles4 ,we foll[$ ! c\rse ( ! riv]1 occasionally pass+ a few hovels1 & pat*es ( gr\nd cle>$ out ( ! o!rwise unbrok5 =e/2 & sometimes meet+ a canoe ) an ,indian family4 ,! t[n is situat$ on ! l[ banks ( ! /ream1 & is s completely buri$ 9 a wood ( apple-trees t ! /reets are m]ely pa?s 9 an or*>d4 ,i h nev] se5 any c\ntry1 :]e apple-trees appe>$ to ?rive s well z 9 ?is damp "p ( ,s\? ,am]ica3 on ! bord]s ( ! roads !re 7 _m "y trees evid5tly self-gr[n4 ,9 ,*iloe ! inhabitants possess a m>vell\sly %ort me?od ( mak+ an or*>d4 ,at ! l[] "p ( almo/ e bran*1 small1 conical1 br[n1 wr9kl$ po9ts project3 ^! are always ready to *ange into roots1 z may sometimes be se51 :]e any mud has be5 accid5tally spla%$ aga9/ ! tree4 ,a bran* z ?ick z a man's ?igh is *os5 9 ! e>ly spr+1 & is cut (f j b5ea? a gr\p ( ^! po9ts1 all ! small] bran*es are lopp$ (f1 & x is !n plac$ ab\t two feet deep 9 ! gr\nd4 ,dur+ ! ensu+ summ] ! /ump ?r[s out long %oots1 & sometimes ev5 be>s fruit3 ,i 0 %[n "o :i* _h produc$ z _m z tw5ty-?ree apples1 b ?is 0 ?\ght v unusual4 ,9 ! ?ird season ! /ump is *ang$ 7z ,i h myself se57 into a well-wood$ tree1 load$ ) fruit4 ,an old man ne> ,valdivia illu/rat$ 8 motto1 ,necesidad es la madre del inv5cion1 by giv+ an acc\nt ( ! sev]al useful ?+s he manufactur$ f 8 apples4 ,aft] mak+ cid]1 & likewise w9e1 he extract$ f ! refuse a :ite & f9ely flav\r$ _s2 by ano!r process he procur$ a sweet treacle1 or1 z he call$ x1 honey4 ,8 *ildr5 & pigs seem$ almo/ to live1 dur+ ?is season ( ! ye>1 9 8 or*>d4 ,febru>y #aa?4--,i set out ) a guide on a %ort ride1 9 :i*1 h[ev]1 ,i manag$ to see s+ul>ly little1 ei!r ( ! geology ( ! c\ntry or ( its inhabitants4 ,!re is n mu* cle>$ l& ne> ,valdivia3 aft] cross+ a riv] at ! di/ance ( a few miles1 we ent]$ ! =e/1 & !n pass$ only "o mis]able hovel1 be=e rea*+ our sleep+-place = ! night4 ,! %ort diff]5ce 9 latitude1 ( #aej miles1 has giv5 a new aspect to ! =e/ comp>$ ) t ( ,*iloe4 ,?is is ow+ to a slightly diff]5t proportion 9 ! k9ds ( trees4 ,! ev]gre5s d n appe> to be q s num]\s1 & ! =e/ 9 consequ5ce has a bright] t9t4 ,z 9 ,*iloe1 ! l[] p>ts are matt$ toge!r by canes3 "h also ano!r k9d 7resembl+ ! bamboo ( ,brazil & ab\t tw5ty feet 9 height7 gr[s 9 clu/]s1 & ornam5ts ! banks ( "s ( ! /reams 9 a v pretty mann]4 ,x is ) ?is plant t ! ,indians make _! *uzos1 or long tap]+ spe>s4 ,our re/+-h\se 0 s dirty t ,i pref]r$ sleep+ outside3 on ^! j\rneys ! fir/ night is g5]ally v uncom=table1 because "o is n accu/om$ to ! tickl+ & bit+ ( ! fleas4 ,i am sure1 9 ! morn+1 !re 0 n a space on my legs ! size ( a %ill+ :i* _h n its little r$ m>k :]e ! flea _h fea/$4 #ab?4--,we cont9u$ to ride ?r\gh ! uncle>$ =e/2 only occasionally meet+ an ,indian on horseback1 or a troop ( f9e mules br++ al]ce-planks & corn f ! s\!rn pla9s4 ,9 ! aft]noon "o ( ! horses knock$ up3 we 7 !n on a br[ ( a hill1 :i* comm&$ a f9e view ( ! ,llanos4 ,! view ( ^! op5 pla9s 0 v refre%+1 aft] be+ hemm$ 9 & buri$ 9 ! wild]ness ( trees4 ,! uni=mity ( a =e/ soon becomes v we>isome4 ,?is we/ coa/ makes me rememb] ) pleasure ! free1 unb\nd$ pla9s ( ,patagonia2 yet1 ) ! true _s ( contradiction1 ,i _c =get h[ sublime is ! sil5ce ( ! =e/4 ,! ,llanos are ! mo/ f]tile & ?ickly peopl$ p>ts ( ! c\ntry1 z !y possess ! imm5se advantage ( be+ ne>ly free f trees4 ,be=e leav+ ! =e/ we cross$ "s flat little lawns1 ar\nd :i* s+le trees /ood1 z 9 an ,engli% p>k3 ,i h (t5 notic$ ) surprise1 9 wood$ undulatory di/ricts1 t ! q level p>ts h be5 de/itute ( trees4 ,on acc\nt ( ! tir$ horse1 ,i det]m9$ to /op at ! ,mission ( ,cudico1 to ! fri> ( :i* ,i _h a lett] ( introduction4 ,cudico is an int]m$iate di/rict betwe5 ! =e/ & ! ,llanos4 ,!re are a good _m cottages1 ) pat*es ( corn & potatoes1 ne>ly all belong+ to ,indians4 ,! tribes dep5d5t on ,valdivia are r$ucidos y cri/ianos4 ,! ,indians f>!r nor?w>d1 ab\t ,arauco & ,imp]ial1 are /ill v wild1 & n conv]t$2 b !y h all mu* int]c\rse ) ! ,spani>ds4 ,! padre said t ! ,*ri/ian ,indians did n mu* l com+ to mass1 b t o!rwise !y %[$ respect = religion4 ,! greate/ difficulty is 9 mak+ !m obs]ve ! c]emonies ( m>riage4 ,! wild ,indians take z _m wives z !y c support1 & a cacique w sometimes h m ?an t53 on ent]+ 8 h\se1 ! numb] may be told by t ( ! sep>ate fires4 ,ea* wife lives a week 9 turn ) ! cacique2 b all are employ$ 9 weav+ pon*os1 etc41 = 8 pr(it4 ,to be ! wife ( a cacique1 is an hon\r mu* s\ght aft] by ! ,indian wom54 ,! m5 ( all ^! tribes we> a co>se wool5 pon*o3 ^? s\? ( ,valdivia we> %ort tr\s]s1 & ^? nor? ( x a petticoat1 l ! *ilipa ( ! ,gau*os4 ,all h _! long hair b\nd by a sc>let fillet1 b ) no o!r cov]+ on _! heads4 ,^! ,indians are good-siz$ m52 _! *eek-bones are prom95t1 & 9 g5]al appe>ance !y resemble ! great ,am]ican family to :i* !y belong2 b _! physiognomy seem$ to me to be slightly diff]5t f t ( any o!r tribe :i* ,i _h be=e se54 ,_! expression is g5]ally grave1 & ev5 au/]e1 & possesses mu* "*3 ?is may pass ei!r = hone/ bluntness or fi]ce det]m9ation4 ,! long black hair1 ! grave & mu*-l9$ features1 & ! d>k complexion1 call$ to my m9d old portraits ( ,james ,i4 ,on ! road we met ) none ( t humble polit5ess s univ]sal 9 ,*iloe4 ,"s gave _! m>i-m>i 7good morn+7 ) promptness1 b ! great] numb] did n seem incl9$ to (f] any salute4 ,?is indep5d5ce ( mann]s is probably a consequ5ce ( _! long w>s1 & ! repeat$ victories :i* !y alone1 ( all ! tribes 9 ,am]ica1 h ga9$ ov] ! ,spani>ds4 ,i sp5t ! ev5+ v pleasantly1 talk+ ) ! padre4 ,he 0 exce$+ly k9d & hospitable2 & com+ f ,santiago1 _h contriv$ to surr\nd himself ) "s few com=ts4 ,be+ a man ( "s little education1 he bitt]ly compla9$ ( ! total want ( society4 ,) no p>ticul> zeal = religion1 no bus9ess or pursuit1 h[ completely mu/ ?is man's life be wa/$6 ,! next day1 on our return1 we met sev5 v wild-look+ ,indians1 ( :om "s 7 caciques t _h j receiv$ f ! ,*ilian gov]nm5t _! ye>ly small /ip5d = hav+ long rema9$ fai?ful4 ,!y 7 f9e-look+ m51 & !y rode "o aft] ! o!r1 ) mo/ gloomy faces4 ,an old cacique1 :o head$ !m1 _h be51 ,i suppose1 m excessively drunk ?an ! re/1 = he seem$ extremely grave & v crabb$4 ,%ortly be=e ?is1 two ,indians jo9$ u1 :o 7 travell+ f a di/ant mission to ,valdivia conc]n+ "s lawsuit4 ,"o 0 a good-hum\r$ old man1 b f 8 wr9kl$ be>dless face look$ m l an old woman ?an a man4 ,i frequ5tly pres5t$ bo? ( !m ) cig>s2 & ?\gh ready to receive !m1 & ,i d>e say grateful1 !y w\ld h>dly condesc5d to ?ank me4 ,a ,*ilotan ,indian w\ld h tak5 (f 8 hat1 & giv5 8 ,dios le page6 ,! travell+ 0 v t$i\s1 bo? f ! badness ( ! roads1 & f ! numb] ( great fall5 trees1 :i* x 0 necess>y ei!r to leap ov] or to avoid by mak+ long circuits4 ,we slept on ! road1 & next morn+ rea*$ ,valdivia1 :5ce ,i proce$$ on bo>d4 ,a few days aft]w>ds ,i cross$ ! bay ) a p>ty ( (fic]s1 & l&$ ne> ! =t call$ ,niebla4 ,! build+s 7 9 a mo/ ru9\s /ate1 & ! gun-c>riages q rott54 ,mr4 ,wickham rem>k$ to ! comm&+ (fic]1 t ) "o dis*>ge !y w\ld c]ta9ly all fall to pieces4 ,! poor man1 try+ to put a good face ^u x1 gravely repli$1 ,no1 ,i am sure1 sir1 !y w\ld /& two6 ,! ,spani>ds mu/ h int5d$ to h made ?is place impregnable4 ,!re is n[ ly+ 9 ! middle ( ! c\rty>d a little m\nta9 ( mort>1 :i* rivals 9 h>dness ! rock on :i* x is plac$4 ,x 0 br\ght f ,*ile1 & co/ #gjjj doll>s4 ,! revolution hav+ brok5 out1 prev5t$ its be+ appli$ to any purpose1 & n[ x rema9s a monum5t ( ! fall5 greatness ( ,spa94 ,i want$ to g to a h\se ab\t a mile & a half di/ant1 b my guide said x 0 q impossible to p5etrate ! wood 9 a /raight l9e4 ,he (f]$1 h[ev]1 to lead me1 by foll[+ obscure cattle-tracks1 ! %orte/ way3 ! walk1 nev]!less1 took no less ?an ?ree h\rs6 ,?is man is employ$ 9 hunt+ /ray$ cattle2 yet1 well z he mu/ "k ! woods1 he 0 n long s9ce lo/ = two :ole days1 & _h no?+ to eat4 ,^! facts convey a good idea ( ! impracticability ( ! =e/s ( ^! c\ntries4 ,a "q (t5 occurr$ to me--h[ long does any ve/ige ( a fall5 tree rema98 ,?is man %[$ me "o :i* a p>ty ( fugitive royali/s _h cut d[n f\rte5 ye>s ago2 & tak+ ?is z a crit]ion1 ,i %\ld ?9k a bole a foot & a half 9 diamet] w\ld 9 ?irty ye>s be *ang$ into a heap ( m\ld4 ,febru>y #bj?4--,?is day has be5 memorable 9 ! annals ( ,valdivia1 = ! mo/ sev]e e>?quake exp]i5c$ by ! olde/ inhabitant4 ,i happ5$ to be on %ore1 & 0 ly+ d[n 9 ! wood to re/ myself4 ,x came on sudd5ly1 & la/$ two m9utes1 b ! "t appe>$ mu* long]4 ,! rock+ ( ! gr\nd 0 v s5sible4 ,! undulations appe>$ to my companion & myself to come f due ea/1 :il/ o!rs ?\ght !y proce$$ f s\?-we/3 ?is %[s h[ difficult x sometimes is to p]ceive ! directions ( ! vibrations4 ,!re 0 no difficulty 9 /&+ upright1 b ! motion made me almo/ giddy3 x 0 some?+ l ! movem5t ( a vessel 9 a little cross-ripple1 or /ill m l t felt by a p]son skat+ ov] ?9 ice1 :i* b5ds "u ! weight ( 8 body4 ,a bad e>?quake at once de/roys our olde/ associations3 ! e>?1 ! v emblem ( solidity1 has mov$ b5ea? our feet l a ?9 cru/ ov] a fluid2--"o second ( "t has creat$ 9 ! m9d a /range idea ( insecurity1 :i* h\rs ( reflection w\ld n h produc$4 ,9 ! =e/1 z a breeze mov$ ! trees1 ,i felt only ! e>? tremble1 b saw no o!r effect4 ,capta9 ,fitz ,roy & "s (fic]s 7 at ! t[n dur+ ! %ock1 & !re ! sc5e 0 m /rik+2 = al?\gh ! h\ses1 f be+ built ( wood1 did n fall1 !y 7 viol5tly %ak51 & ! bo>ds creak$ & rattl$ toge!r4 ,! p ru%$ out ( doors 9 ! greate/ al>m4 ,x is ^! accompanim5ts t create t p]fect horror ( e>?quakes1 exp]i5c$ by all :o h ?us se51 z well z felt1 _! effects4 ,)9 ! =e/ x 0 a deeply int]e/+1 b by no means an awe-excit+ ph5om5on4 ,! tides 7 v curi\sly affect$4 ,! great %ock took place at ! "t ( l[ wat]2 & an old woman :o 0 on ! bea* told me t ! wat] fl[$ v quickly1 b n 9 great waves1 to high-wat] m>k1 & !n z quickly return$ to its prop] level2 ?is 0 also evid5t by ! l9e ( wet s&4 ,! same k9d ( quick b quiet movem5t 9 ! tide happ5$ a few ye>s s9ce at ,*iloe1 dur+ a slight e>?quake1 & creat$ mu* causeless al>m4 ,9 ! c\rse ( ! ev5+ !re 7 _m weak] %ocks1 :i* seem$ to produce 9 ! h>b\r ! mo/ complicat$ curr5ts1 & "s ( great /r5g?4 ,m>* #d?4--,we ent]$ ! h>b\r ( ,concepcion4 ,:ile ! %ip 0 beat+ up to ! an*orage1 ,i l&$ on ! isl& ( ,quiriqu9a4 ,! mayor-domo ( ! e/ate quickly rode d[n to tell me ! t]rible news ( ! great e>?quake ( ! #bj?3--,t n a h\se 9 ,concepcion or ,talcahuano 7! port7 0 /&+2 t sev5ty villages 7 de/roy$2 & t a great wave _h almo/ wa%$ away ! ru9s ( ,talcahuano4 ,( ?is latt] /atem5t ,i soon saw abundant pro(s--! :ole coa/ be+ /rew$ ov] ) timb] & furniture z if a ?\s& %ips _h be5 wreck$4 ,besides *airs1 tables1 book-%elves1 etc41 9 great numb]s1 !re 7 sev]al ro(s ( cottages1 :i* _h be5 transport$ almo/ :ole4 ,! /oreh\ses at ,talcahuano _h be5 bur/ op51 & great bags ( cotton1 y]ba1 & o!r valuable m]*&ise 7 scatt]$ on ! %ore4 ,dur+ my walk r\nd ! isl&1 ,i obs]v$ t num]\s fragm5ts ( rock1 :i*1 f ! m>9e productions adh]+ to !m1 mu/ rec5tly h be5 ly+ 9 deep wat]1 _h be5 ca/ up high on ! bea*2 "o ( ^! 0 six feet long1 ?ree broad1 & two ?ick4 ,! isl& itself z pla9ly %[$ ! ov]:elm+ p[] ( ! e>?quake1 z ! bea* did t ( ! consequ5t great wave4 ,! gr\nd 9 _m p>ts 0 fissur$ 9 nor? & s\? l9es1 p]haps caus$ by ! yield+ ( ! p>allel & /eep sides ( ?is n>r[ isl&4 ,"s ( ! fissures ne> ! cliffs 7 a y>d wide4 ,_m enorm\s masses _h already fall5 on ! bea*2 & ! inhabitants ?\ght t :5 ! ra9s comm5c$ f> great] slips w\ld happ54 ,! effect ( ! vibration on ! h>d prim>y slate1 :i* composes ! f\ndation ( ! isl&1 0 /ill m curi\s3 ! sup]ficial p>ts ( "s n>r[ ridges 7 z completely %iv]$ z if !y _h be5 bla/$ by gunp[d]4 ,?is effect1 :i* 0 r5d]$ conspicu\s by ! fre% fractures & displac$ soil1 mu/ be conf9$ to ne> ! surface1 = o!rwise !re w\ld n exi/ a block ( solid rock ?r\gh\t ,*ile2 nor is ?is improbable1 z x is kn[n t ! surface ( a vibrat+ body is affect$ diff]5tly f ! c5tral "p4 ,x is1 p]haps1 ow+ to ?is same reason1 t e>?quakes d n cause q su* t]rific havoc )9 deep m9es z w\ld be expect$4 ,i believe ?is convulsion has be5 m effectual 9 less5+ ! size ( ! isl& ( ,quiriqu9a1 ?an ! ord9>y we>-&-te> ( ! sea & wea!r dur+ ! c\rse ( a :ole c5tury4 ,! next day ,i l&$ at ,talcahuano1 & aft]w>ds rode to ,concepcion4 ,bo? t[ns pres5t$ ! mo/ awful yet int]e/+ spectacle ,i ev] beheld4 ,to a p]son :o _h =m]ly kn[n !m1 x possibly might h be5 /ill m impressive2 = ! ru9s 7 s m+l$ toge!r1 & ! :ole sc5e possess$ s little ! air ( a habitable place1 t x 0 sc>cely possible to imag9e its =m] condition4 ,! e>?quake comm5c$ at half-pa/ elev5 o'clock 9 ! =5oon4 ,if x _h happ5$ 9 ! middle ( ! night1 ! great] numb] ( ! inhabitants 7:i* 9 ?is "o prov9ce mu/ am\nt to _m ?\s&s7 mu/ h p]i%$1 in/ead ( less ?an a hundr$3 z x 01 ! inv>iable practice ( runn+ out ( doors at ! fir/ trembl+ ( ! gr\nd1 alone sav$ !m4 ,9 ,concepcion ea* h\se1 or r[ ( h\ses1 /ood by itself1 a heap or l9e ( ru9s2 b 9 ,talcahuano1 ow+ to ! great wave1 little m ?an "o lay] ( bricks1 tiles1 & timb] ) "h & !re "p ( a wall left /&+1 c\ld be di/+ui%$4 ,f ?is circum/ance ,concepcion1 al?\gh n s completely desolat$1 0 a m t]rible1 & if ,i may s call x1 picturesque sight4 ,! fir/ %ock 0 v sudd54 ,! mayor-domo at ,quiriqu9a told me1 t ! fir/ notice he receiv$ ( x1 0 f9d+ bo? ! horse he rode & himself1 roll+ toge!r on ! gr\nd4 ,ris+ up1 he 0 aga9 ?r[n d[n4 ,he also told me t "s c[s :i* 7 /&+ on ! /eep side ( ! isl& 7 roll$ into ! sea4 ,! great wave caus$ ! de/ruction ( _m cattle2 on "o l[ isl& ne> ! head ( ! bay1 sev5ty animals 7 wa%$ (f & dr[n$4 ,x is g5]ally ?\ght t ?is has be5 ! wor/ e>?quake ev] record$ 9 ,*ile2 b z ! v sev]e ones occur only aft] long int]vals1 ?is _c easily be kn[n2 nor inde$ w\ld a mu* worse %ock h made any diff]5ce1 = ! ru9 0 n[ complete4 ,innum]able small trembl+s foll[$ ! great e>?quake1 & )9 ! fir/ twelve days no less ?an ?ree hundr$ 7 c\nt$4 ,aft] view+ ,concepcion1 ,i _c und]/& h[ ! great] numb] ( inhabitants escap$ unhurt4 ,! h\ses 9 _m p>ts fell outw>ds2 ?us =m+ 9 ! middle ( ! /reets little hillocks ( brickwork & rubbi%4 ,mr4 ,r\se1 ! ,engli% consul1 told u t he 0 at breakfa/ :5 ! fir/ movem5t w>n$ him to run out4 ,he _h sc>cely rea*$ ! middle ( ! c\rty>d1 :5 "o side ( 8 h\se came ?und]+ d[n4 ,he reta9$ pres5ce ( m9d to rememb]1 t if he once got on ! top ( t "p :i* _h already fall51 he w\ld be safe4 ,n be+ able f ! motion ( ! gr\nd to /&1 he crawl$ up on 8 h&s & knees2 & no soon] _h he asc5d$ ?is little em95ce1 ?an ! o!r side ( ! h\se fell 91 ! great beams sweep+ close 9 front ( 8 head4 ,) 8 eyes bl9d$1 & 8 m\? *ok$ ) ! cl\d ( du/ :i* d>k5$ ! sky1 at la/ he ga9$ ! /reet4 ,z %ock succe$$ %ock1 at ! int]val ( a few m9utes1 no "o d>$ approa* ! %att]$ ru9s1 & no "o knew :e!r 8 de>e/ fri5ds & relations 7 n p]i%+ f ! want ( help4 ,^? :o _h sav$ any prop]ty 7 oblig$ to keep a con/ant wat*1 = ?ieves pr[l$ ab\t1 & at ea* little trembl+ ( ! gr\nd1 ) "o h& !y beat _! brea/s & cri$ ,mis]icordia6 & !n ) ! o!r fil*$ :at !y c\ld f ! ru9s4 ,! ?at*$ ro(s fell ov] ! fires1 & flames bur/ =? 9 all p>ts4 ,hundr$s knew !mselves ru9$1 & few _h ! means ( provid+ food = ! day4 ,e>?quakes alone are suffici5t to de/roy ! prosp]ity ( any c\ntry4 ,if b5ea? ,engl& ! n[ in]t subt]ranean =ces %\ld ex]t ^? p[]s1 :i* mo/ assur$ly 9 =m] geological ages !y h ex]t$1 h[ completely w\ld ! entire condition ( ! c\ntry be *ang$6 ,:at w\ld become ( ! l(ty h\ses1 ?ickly pack$ cities1 great manufactories1 ! beautiful public & private edifices8 ,if ! new p]iod ( di/urbance 7 fir/ to comm5ce by "s great e>?quake 9 ! dead ( ! night1 h[ t]rific w\ld be ! c>nage6 ,engl& w\ld at once be bankrupt2 all pap]s1 records1 & acc\nts w\ld f t mom5t be lo/4 ,gov]nm5t be+ unable to collect ! taxes1 & fail+ to ma9ta9 its au?ority1 ! h& ( viol5ce & rap9e w\ld rema9 uncontroll$4 ,9 e l>ge t[n fam9e w\ld g =?1 pe/il5ce & dea? foll[+ 9 its tra94 ,%ortly aft] ! %ock1 a great wave 0 se5 f ! di/ance ( ?ree or f\r miles1 approa*+ 9 ! middle ( ! bay ) a smoo? outl9e2 b along ! %ore x tore up cottages & trees1 z x swept onw>ds ) irresi/ible =ce4 ,at ! head ( ! bay x broke 9 a fe>ful l9e ( :ite break]s1 :i* ru%$ up to a height ( #bc v]tical feet above ! highe/ spr+-tides4 ,_! =ce mu/ h be5 prodigi\s2 = at ! ,=t a cannon ) its c>riage1 e/imat$ at f\r tons 9 weight1 0 mov$ #ae feet inw>ds4 ,a s*oon] 0 left 9 ! mid/ ( ! ru9s1 #bjj y>ds f ! bea*4 ,! fir/ wave 0 foll[$ by two o!rs1 :i* 9 _! retreat c>ri$ away a va/ wreck ( float+ objects4 ,9 "o "p ( ! bay1 a %ip 0 pit*$ high & dry on %ore1 0 c>ri$ (f1 aga9 driv5 on %ore1 & aga9 c>ri$ (f4 ,9 ano!r "p1 two l>ge vessels an*or$ ne> toge!r 7 :irl$ ab\t1 & _! cables 7 ?rice w\nd r\nd ea* o!r2 ?\gh an*or$ at a dep? ( #cf feet1 !y 7 = "s m9utes agr\nd4 ,! great wave mu/ h travell$ sl[ly1 = ! inhabitants ( ,talcahuano _h "t to run up ! hills beh9d ! t[n2 & "s sailors pull$ out seaw>d1 tru/+ successfully to _! boat rid+ securely ov] ! swell1 if !y c\ld rea* x be=e x broke4 ,"o old woman ) a little boy1 f\r or five ye>s old1 ran into a boat1 b !re 0 nobody to r[ x out3 ! boat 0 consequ5tly da%$ aga9/ an an*or & cut 9 twa92 ! old woman 0 dr[n$1 b ! *ild 0 pick$ up "s h\rs aft]w>ds cl++ to ! wreck4 ,pools ( salt-wat] 7 /ill /&+ amid/ ! ru9s ( ! h\ses1 & *ildr51 mak+ boats ) old tables & *airs1 appe>$ z happy z _! p>5ts 7 mis]able4 ,x 01 h[ev]1 exce$+ly int]e/+ to obs]ve1 h[ mu* m active & *e]ful all appe>$ ?an c\ld h be5 expect$4 ,x 0 rem>k$ ) mu* tru?1 t f ! de/ruction be+ univ]sal1 no "o individual 0 humbl$ m ?an ano!r1 or c\ld suspect 8 fri5ds ( coldness--t mo/ griev\s result ( ! loss ( weal?4 ,mr4 ,r\se1 & a l>ge p>ty :om he k9dly took "u 8 protection1 liv$ = ! fir/ week 9 a g>d5 b5ea? "s apple-trees4 ,at fir/ !y 7 z m]ry z if x _h be5 a picnic2 b soon aft]w>ds heavy ra9 caus$ mu* discom=t1 = !y 7 absolutely )\t %elt]4 ,9 ,capta9 ,fitz ,roy's excell5t acc\nt ( ! e>?quake1 x is said t two explosions1 "o l a column ( smoke & ano!r l ! bl[+ ( a great :ale1 7 se5 9 ! bay4 ,! wat] also appe>$ ev]y:]e to be boil+2 & x became black1 & exhal$ a mo/ disagreeable sulphure\s smell4 ,^! latt] circum/ances 7 obs]v$ 9 ! ,bay ( ,valp>aiso dur+ ! e>?quake ( #ahbb2 !y may1 ,i ?9k1 be acc\nt$ =1 by ! di/urbance ( ! mud at ! bottom ( ! sea conta9+ organic matt] 9 decay4 ,9 ! ,bay ( ,callao1 dur+ a calm day1 ,i notic$1 t z ! %ip dragg$ h] cable ov] ! bottom1 its c\rse 0 m>k$ by a l9e ( bubbles4 ,! l[] ord]s 9 ,talcahuano ?\ght t ! e>?quake 0 caus$ by "s old ,indian wom51 :o two ye>s ago1 be+ (f5d$1 /opp$ ! volcano ( ,antuco4 ,?is silly belief is curi\s1 because x %[s t exp]i5ce has taught !m to obs]ve1 t !re exi/s a relation betwe5 ! suppress$ action ( ! volcanos1 & ! trembl+ ( ! gr\nd4 ,x 0 necess>y to apply ! wit*craft to ! po9t :]e _! p]ception ( cause & effect fail$2 & ?is 0 ! clos+ ( ! volcanic v5t4 ,?is belief is ! m s+ul> 9 ?is p>ticul> in/ance1 because1 accord+ to ,capta9 ,fitz ,roy1 !re is reason to believe t ,antuco 0 n[ays affect$4 ,! t[n ( ,concepcion 0 built 9 ! usual ,spani% fa%ion1 ) all ! /reets runn+ at "r angles to ea* o!r2 "o set rang+ ,s4,w4 by ,w41 & ! o!r set ,n4,w4 by ,n4 ,! walls 9 ! =m] direction c]ta9ly /ood bett] ?an ^? 9 ! latt]2 ! great] numb] ( ! masses ( brickwork 7 ?r[n d[n t[>ds ! ,n4,e4 ,bo? ^! circum/ances p]fectly agree ) ! g5]al idea1 ( ! undulations hav+ come f ! ,s4,w41 9 :i* qu>t] subt]ranean noises 7 also he>d2 = x is evid5t t ! walls runn+ ,s4,w4 & ,n4,e4 :i* pres5t$ _! ends to ! po9t :5ce ! undulations came1 w\ld be mu* less likely to fall ?an ^? walls :i*1 runn+ ,n4,w4 & ,s4,e41 mu/ 9 _! :ole l5g?s h be5 at ! same in/ant ?r[n out ( ! p]p5dicul>2 = ! undulations1 com+ f ! ,s4,w41 mu/ h ext5d$ 9 ,n4,w4 & ,s4,e4 waves1 z !y pass$ "u ! f\ndations4 ,?is may be illu/rat$ by plac+ books edgeways on a c>pet1 & !n1 aft] ! mann] sugge/$ by ,mi*ell1 imitat+ ! undulations ( an e>?quake3 x w be f\nd t !y fall ) m or less read9ess1 accord+ z _! direction m or less ne>ly co9cides ) ! l9e ( ! waves4 ,! fissures 9 ! gr\nd g5]ally1 ?\gh n uni=mly1 ext5d$ 9 a ,s4,e4 & ,n4,w4 direction1 & !re=e correspond$ to ! l9es ( undulation or ( pr9cipal flexure4 ,be>+ 9 m9d all ^! circum/ances1 :i* s cle>ly po9t to ! ,s4,w4 z ! *ief focus ( di/urbance1 x is a v int]e/+ fact t ! isl& ( ,s4 ,m>ia1 situat$ 9 t qu>t]1 01 dur+ ! g5]al uplift+ ( ! l&1 rais$ to ne>ly ?ree times ! height ( any o!r "p ( ! coa/4 ,! diff]5t resi/ance (f]$ by ! walls1 accord+ to _! direction1 0 well exemplifi$ 9 ! case ( ! ,ca!dral4 ,! side :i* front$ ! ,n4,e4 pres5t$ a gr& pile ( ru9s1 9 ! mid/ ( :i* door-cases & masses ( timb] /ood up1 z if float+ 9 a /ream4 ,"s ( ! angul> blocks ( brickwork 7 ( great dim5sions2 & !y 7 roll$ to a di/ance on ! level plaza1 l fragm5ts ( rock at ! base ( "s high m\nta94 ,! side walls 7runn+ ,s4,w4 & ,n4,e471 ?\gh exce$+ly fractur$1 yet rema9$ /&+2 b ! va/ buttresses 7at "r angles to !m1 & !re=e p>allel to ! walls t fell7 7 9 _m cases cut clean (f1 z if by a *isel1 & hurl$ to ! gr\nd4 ,"s squ>e ornam5ts on ! cop+ ( ^! same walls1 7 mov$ by ! e>?quake into a diagonal position4 ,a simil> circum/ance 0 obs]v$ aft] an e>?quake at ,valp>aiso1 ,calabria1 & o!r places1 includ+ "s ( ! anci5t ,greek temples4 #a ,?is twi/+ displacem5t1 at fir/ appe>s to indicate a vorticose movem5t b5ea? ea* po9t ?us affect$2 b ?is is highly improbable4 ,may x n be caus$ by a t5d5cy 9 ea* /one to arrange itself 9 "s p>ticul> position1 ) respect to ! l9es ( vibration1--9 a mann] some:at simil> to p9s on a %eet ( pap] :5 %ak58 ,g5]ally speak+1 ar*$ doorways or w9d[s /ood mu* bett] ?an any o!r "p ( ! build+s4 ,nev]!less1 a poor lame old man1 :o _h be5 9 ! habit1 dur+ trifl+ %ocks1 ( crawl+ to a c]ta9 doorway1 0 ?is "t cru%$ to pieces4 ,i h n attempt$ to give any detail$ description ( ! appe>ance ( ,concepcion1 = ,i feel t x is q impossible to convey ! m+l$ feel+s :i* ,i exp]i5c$4 ,sev]al ( ! (fic]s visit$ x be=e me1 b _! /ronge/ language fail$ to give a j idea ( ! sc5e ( desolation4 ,x is a bitt] & humiliat+ ?+ to see works1 :i* h co/ man s mu* "t & lab\r1 ov]?r[n 9 "o m9ute2 yet compassion = ! inhabitants 0 almo/ in/antly bani%$1 by ! surprise 9 see+ a /ate ( ?+s produc$ 9 a mom5t ( "t1 :i* "o 0 accu/om$ to attribute to a succession ( ages4 ,9 my op9ion1 we h sc>cely beheld1 s9ce leav+ ,engl&1 any sight s deeply int]e/+4 ,9 almo/ e sev]e e>?quake1 ! neighb\r+ wat]s ( ! sea are said to h be5 greatly agitat$4 ,! di/urbance seems g5]ally1 z 9 ! case ( ,concepcion1 to h be5 ( two k9ds3 fir/1 at ! in/ant ( ! %ock1 ! wat] swells high up on ! bea* ) a g5tle motion1 & !n z quietly retreats2 secondly1 "s "t aft]w>ds1 ! :ole body ( ! sea retires f ! coa/1 & !n returns 9 waves ( ov]:elm+ =ce4 ,! fir/ movem5t seems to be an imm$iate consequ5ce ( ! e>?quake affect+ diff]5tly a fluid & a solid1 s t _! respective levels are slightly d]ang$3 b ! second case is a f> m important ph5om5on4 ,dur+ mo/ e>?quakes1 & especially dur+ ^? on ! we/ coa/ ( ,am]ica1 x is c]ta9 t ! fir/ great movem5t ( ! wat]s has be5 a retirem5t4 ,"s au?ors h attempt$ to expla9 ?is1 by suppos+ t ! wat] reta9s its level1 :il/ ! l& oscillates upw>ds2 b surely ! wat] close to ! l&1 ev5 on a r /eep coa/1 w\ld p>take ( ! motion ( ! bottom3 moreov]1 z urg$ by ,mr4 ,lyell1 simil> movem5ts ( ! sea h occurr$ at isl&s f> di/ant f ! *ief l9e ( di/urbance1 z 0 ! case ) ,juan ,f]n&ez dur+ ?is e>?quake1 & ) ,madeira dur+ ! fam\s ,lisbon %ock4 ,i suspect 7b ! subject is a v obscure "o7 t a wave1 h[ev] produc$1 fir/ draws ! wat] f ! %ore1 on :i* x is advanc+ to break3 ,i h obs]v$ t ?is happ5s ) ! little waves f ! paddles ( a /eam-boat4 ,x is rem>kable t :il/ ,talcahuano & ,callao 7ne> ,lima71 bo? situat$ at ! head ( l>ge %all[ bays1 h suff]$ dur+ e sev]e e>?quake f great waves1 ,valp>aiso1 seat$ close to ! edge ( pr(\ndly deep wat]1 has nev] be5 ov]:elm$1 ?\gh s (t5 %ak5 by ! sev]e/ %ocks4 ,f ! great wave n imm$iately foll[+ ! e>?quake1 b sometimes aft] ! int]val ( ev5 half an h\r1 & f di/ant isl&s be+ affect$ simil>ly ) ! coa/s ne> ! focus ( ! di/urbance1 x appe>s t ! wave fir/ rises 9 ! (f+2 & z ?is is ( g5]al occurr5ce1 ! cause mu/ be g5]al3 ,i suspect we mu/ look to ! l9e1 :]e ! less di/urb$ wat]s ( ! deep ocean jo9 ! wat] ne>] ! coa/1 :i* has p>tak5 ( ! movem5ts ( ! l&1 z ! place :]e ! great wave is fir/ g5]at$2 x w\ld also appe> t ! wave is l>g] or small]1 accord+ to ! ext5t ( %oal wat] :i* has be5 agitat$ toge!r ) ! bottom on :i* x re/$4 ,! mo/ rem>kable effect ( ?is e>?quake 0 ! p]man5t elevation ( ! l&1 x w\ld probably be f> m correct to speak ( x z ! cause4 ,!re c be no d\bt t ! l& r\nd ! ,bay ( ,concepcion 0 uprais$ two or ?ree feet2 b x des]ves notice1 t ow+ to ! wave hav+ oblit]at$ ! old l9es ( tidal action on ! slop+ s&y %ores1 ,i c\ld discov] no evid5ce ( ?is fact1 except 9 ! unit$ te/imony ( ! inhabitants1 t "o little rocky %oal1 n[ expos$1 0 =m]ly cov]$ ) wat]4 ,at ! isl& ( ,s4 ,m>ia 7ab\t ?irty miles di/ant7 ! elevation 0 great]2 on "o "p1 ,capta9 ,fitz ,roy f\nds b$s ( putrid mussel-%ells /ill adh]+ to ! rocks1 t5 feet above high-wat] m>k3 ! inhabitants _h =m]ly div$ at l[]-wat] spr+-tides = ^! %ells4 ,! elevation ( ?is prov9ce is p>ticul>ly int]e/+1 f its hav+ be5 ! !atre ( sev]al o!r viol5t e>?quakes1 & f ! va/ numb]s ( sea-%ells scatt]$ ov] ! l&1 up to a height ( c]ta9ly #fjj1 & ,i believe1 ( #ajjj feet4 ,at ,valp>aiso1 z ,i h rem>k$1 simil> %ells are f\nd at ! height ( #acjj feet3 x is h>dly possible to d\bt t ?is great elevation has be5 effect$ by successive small upris+s1 su* z t :i* accompani$ or caus$ ! e>?quake ( ?is ye>1 & likewise by an ins5sibly sl[ rise1 :i* is c]ta9ly 9 progress on "s p>ts ( ?is coa/4 ,! isl& ( ,juan ,f]n&ez1 #cfj miles to ! ,n4,e41 01 at ! "t ( ! great %ock ( ! #bj?1 viol5tly %ak51 s t ! trees beat aga9/ ea* o!r1 & a volcano bur/ =? "u wat] close to ! %ore3 ^! facts are rem>kable because ?is isl&1 dur+ ! e>?quake ( #agea1 0 !n also affect$ m viol5tly ?an o!r places at an equal di/ance f ,concepcion1 & ?is seems to %[ "s subt]ranean connection betwe5 ^! two po9ts4 ,*iloe1 ab\t #cdj miles s\?w>d ( ,concepcion1 appe>s to h be5 %ak5 m /rongly ?an ! int]m$iate di/rict ( ,valdivia1 :]e ! volcano ( ,vill>ica 0 n[ays affect$1 :il/ 9 ! ,cordill]a 9 front ( ,*iloe1 two ( ! volcanos bur/-=? at ! same in/ant 9 viol5t action4 ,^! two volcanos1 & "s neighb\r+ ones1 cont9u$ = a long "t 9 eruption1 & t5 mon?s aft]w>ds 7 aga9 influ5c$ by an e>?quake at ,concepcion4 ,"s m51 cutt+ wood ne> ! base ( "o ( ^! volcanos1 did n p]ceive ! %ock ( ! #bj?1 al?\gh ! :ole surr\nd+ ,prov9ce 0 !n trembl+2 "h we h an eruption reliev+ & tak+ ! place ( an e>?quake1 z w\ld h happ5$ at ,concepcion1 accord+ to ! belief ( ! l[] ord]s1 if ! volcano at ,antuco _h n be5 clos$ by wit*craft4 ,two ye>s & ?ree-qu>t]s aft]w>ds1 ,valdivia & ,*iloe 7 aga9 %ak51 m viol5tly ?an on ! #bj?1 & an isl& 9 ! ,*onos ,ar*ipelago 0 p]man5tly elevat$ m ?an eight feet4 ,x w give a bett] idea ( ! scale ( ^! ph5om5a1 if 7z 9 ! case ( ! glaci]s7 we suppose !m to h tak5 place at correspond+ di/ances 9 ,europe3--!n w\ld ! l& f ! ,nor? ,sea to ! ,m$it]ranean h be5 viol5tly %ak51 & at ! same in/ant ( "t a l>ge tract ( ! ea/]n coa/ ( ,engl& w\ld h be5 p]man5tly elevat$1 toge!r ) "s outly+ isl&s1--a tra9 ( volcanos on ! coa/ ( ,holl& w\ld h bur/ =? 9 action1 & an eruption tak5 place at ! bottom ( ! sea1 ne> ! nor!rn extremity ( ,irel&--& la/ly1 ! anci5t v5ts ( ,auv]gne1 ,cantal1 & ,mont d',or w\ld ea* h s5t up to ! sky a d>k column ( smoke1 & h long rema9$ 9 fi]ce action4 ,two ye>s & ?ree-qu>t]s aft]w>ds1 ,france1 f its c5tre to ! ,engli% ,*annel1 w\ld h be5 aga9 desolat$ by an e>?quake & an isl& p]man5tly uprais$ 9 ! ,m$it]ranean4 ,! space1 f "u :i* volcanic matt] on ! #bj? 0 actually erupt$1 is #gbj miles 9 "o l9e1 & #djj miles 9 ano!r l9e at "r angles to ! fir/3 h5ce1 9 all probability1 a subt]ranean lake ( lava is "h /ret*$ out1 ( ne>ly d\ble ! area ( ! ,black ,sea4 ,f ! intimate & complicat$ mann] 9 :i* ! elevatory & eruptive =ces 7 %[n to be connect$ dur+ ?is tra9 ( ph5om5a1 we may confid5tly come to ! conclusion1 t ! =ces :i* sl[ly & by little />ts uplift cont95ts1 & ^? :i* at successive p]iods p\r =? volcanic matt] f op5 orifices1 are id5tical4 ,f _m reasons1 ,i believe t ! frequ5t quak+s ( ! e>? on ?is l9e ( coa/ are caus$ by ! r5d+ ( ! /rata1 necess>ily consequ5t on ! t5sion ( ! l& :5 uprais$1 & _! injection by fluidifi$ rock4 ,?is r5d+ & injection w\ld1 if repeat$ (t5 en\gh 7& we "k t e>?quakes repeat$ly affect ! same areas 9 ! same mann]71 =m a *a9 ( hills2--& ! l9e> isl& ( ,s4 ,m>y1 :i* 0 uprais$ ?rice ! height ( ! neighb\r+ c\ntry1 seems to be und]go+ ?is process4 ,i believe t ! solid axis ( a m\nta91 diff]s 9 its mann] ( =mation f a volcanic hill1 only 9 ! molt5 /one hav+ be5 repeat$ly inject$1 in/ead ( hav+ be5 repeat$ly eject$4 ,moreov]1 ,i believe t x is impossible to expla9 ! /ructure ( great m\nta9-*a9s1 su* z t ( ! ,cordill]a1 7 ! /rata1 capp+ ! inject$ axis ( plutonic rock1 h be5 ?r[n on _! edges along sev]al p>allel & neighb\r+ l9es ( elevation1 except on ?is view ( ! rock ( ! axis hav+ be5 repeat$ly inject$1 aft] int]vals suffici5tly long to all[ ! upp] p>ts or w$ges to cool & become solid2--= if ! /rata _h be5 ?r[n into _! pres5t highly incl9$1 v]tical1 & ev5 inv]t$ positions1 by a s+le bl[1 ! v b[els ( ! e>? w\ld h gu%$ out2 & in/ead ( behold+ abrupt m\nta9-axes ( rock solidifi$ "u great pressure1 deluges ( lava w\ld h fl[$ out at innum]able po9ts on e l9e ( elevation4 #b #a ,m4 ,arago 9 ,l',in/itut1 #ahci1 p4 #ccg4 ,see also ,mi]s's ,*ile1 vol4 i4 p4 #cib2 also ,lyell's ,pr9ciples ( ,geology1 *ap4 xv41 book ii4 #b ,= a full acc\nt ( ! volcanic ph5om5a :i* accompani$ ! e>?quake ( ! #bj?1 & = ! conclusions d$ucible f !m1 ,i mu/ ref] to ,volume ,v4 ( ! ,geological ,transactions4 ,,*apt] ,,xv ,,passage ,,( ,,! ,,cordill]a ,valp>aiso--,portillo ,pass--,sagacity ( ,mules--,m\nta9-torr5ts--,m9es1 h[ discov]$--,pro(s ( ! gradual ,elevation ( ! ,cordill]a--,effect ( ,sn[ on ,rocks--,geological ,/ructure ( ! two ma9 ,ranges1 _! di/9ct ,orig9 & ,upheaval--,great ,subsid5ce--,r$ ,sn[--,w9ds--,p9nacles ( ,sn[--,dry & cle> ,atmosph]e--,electricity--,pampas--,zool ogy ( ! opposite ,side ( ! ,&es--,locu/s--,great ,bugs--,m5doza--,uspallata ,pass--,silicifi$ ,trees buri$ z !y grew--,incas ,bridge--,badness ( ! ,passes exagg]at$--,cumbre--,casu*as--,valp>aiso 4 ,,m>* #g?1 #ahce4--,we /ay$ ?ree days at ,concepcion1 & !n sail$ = ,valp>aiso4 ,! w9d be+ nor!rly1 we only rea*$ ! m\? ( ! h>b\r ( ,concepcion be=e x 0 d>k4 ,be+ v ne> ! l&1 & a fog com+ on1 ! an*or 0 dropp$4 ,pres5tly a l>ge ,am]ican :al] appe>$ alongside ( u2 & we he>d ! ,yankee swe>+ at 8 m5 to keep quiet1 :il/ he li/5$ = ! break]s4 ,capta9 ,fitz ,roy hail$ him1 9 a l\d cle> voice1 to an*or :]e he !n 04 ,! poor man mu/ h ?\ght ! voice came f ! %ore3 su* a ,babel ( cries issu$ at once f ! %ip--e "o halloo+ out1 ,let g ! an*or6 ve] cable6 %ort5 sail6 ,x 0 ! mo/ laughable ?+ ,i ev] he>d4 ,if ! %ip's crew _h be5 all capta9s1 & no m51 !re c\ld n h be5 a great] upro> ( ord]s4 ,we aft]w>ds f\nd t ! mate /utt]$3 ,i suppose all h&s 7 assi/+ him 9 giv+ 8 ord]s4 ,on ! #aa? we an*or$ at ,valp>aiso1 & two days aft]w>ds ,i set out to cross ! ,cordill]a4 ,i proce$$ to ,santiago1 :]e ,mr4 ,caldcleugh mo/ k9dly assi/$ me 9 e possible way 9 mak+ ! little prep>ations :i* 7 necess>y4 ,9 ?is "p ( ,*ile !re are two passes across ! ,&es to ,m5doza3 ! "o mo/ commonly us$1 namely1 t ( ,aconcagua or ,uspallata--is situat$ "s way to ! nor?2 ! o!r1 call$ ! ,portillo1 is to ! s\?1 & ne>]1 b m l(ty & dang]\s4 ,m>* #ah?4--,we set out = ! ,portillo pass4 ,leav+ ,santiago we cross$ ! wide burnt-up pla9 on :i* t city /&s1 & 9 ! aft]noon arriv$ at ! ,maypu1 "o ( ! pr9cipal riv]s 9 ,*ile4 ,! valley1 at ! po9t :]e x ent]s ! fir/ ,cordill]a1 is b\nd$ on ea* side by l(ty b>r5 m\nta9s2 & al?\gh n broad1 x is v f]tile4 ,num]\s cottages 7 surr\nd$ by v9es1 & by or*>ds ( apple1 nect>9e1 & pea*-trees--_! b\ghs break+ ) ! weight ( ! beautiful ripe fruit4 ,9 ! ev5+ we pass$ ! cu/om-h\se1 :]e our luggage 0 exam9$4 ,! fronti] ( ,*ile is bett] gu>d$ by ! ,cordill]a1 ?an by ! wat]s ( ! sea4 ,!re are v few valleys :i* lead to ! c5tral ranges1 & ! m\nta9s are q impassable 9 o!r p>ts by bea/s ( burd54 ,! cu/om-h\se (fic]s 7 v civil1 :i* 0 p]haps p>tly ow+ to ! passport :i* ! ,presid5t ( ! ,republic _h giv5 me2 b ,i mu/ express my admiration at ! natural polit5ess ( almo/ e ,*il5o4 ,9 ?is in/ance1 ! contra/ ) ! same class ( m5 9 mo/ o!r c\ntries 0 /rongly m>k$4 ,i may m5tion an anecdote ) :i* ,i 0 at ! "t mu* pleas$3 we met ne> ,m5doza a little & v fat negress1 rid+ a/ride on a mule4 ,%e _h a goitre s enorm\s t x 0 sc>cely possible to avoid gaz+ at h] = a mom5t2 b my two companions almo/ in/antly1 by way ( apology1 made ! common salute ( ! c\ntry by tak+ (f _! hats4 ,:]e w\ld "o ( ! l[] or high] classes 9 ,europe1 h %[n su* feel+ polit5ess to a poor & mis]able object ( a degrad$ race8 ,at night we slept at a cottage4 ,our mann] ( travell+ 0 delightfully indep5d5t4 ,9 ! inhabit$ p>ts we b\ght a little firewood1 hir$ pa/ure = ! animals1 & biv\ack$ 9 ! corn] ( ! same field ) !m4 ,c>ry+ an iron pot1 we cook$ & ate our supp] "u a cl\dless sky1 & knew no tr\ble4 ,my companions 7 ,m>iano ,gonzales1 :o _h =m]ly accompani$ me 9 ,*ile1 & an arri]o1 ) 8 t5 mules & a madr9a4 ,! madr9a 7or godmo!r7 is a mo/ important p]sonage3 ,%e is an old /eady m>e1 ) a little bell r\nd h] neck2 & :]ev] %e goes1 ! mules1 l good *ildr51 foll[ h]4 ,! affection ( ^! animals = _! madr9as saves inf9ite tr\ble4 ,if sev]al l>ge troops are turn$ into "o field to graze1 9 ! morn+ ! mulete]s h only to lead ! madr9as a little ap>t1 & t9kle _! bells2 al?\gh !re may be two or ?ree hundr$ toge!r1 ea* mule imm$iately kn[s ! bell ( its own madr9a1 & comes to h]4 ,x is ne>ly impossible to lose an old mule2 = if deta9$ = sev]al h\rs by =ce1 %e w1 by ! p[] ( smell1 l a dog1 track out h] companions1 or r ! madr9a1 =1 accord+ to ! mulete]1 %e is ! *ief object ( affection4 ,! feel+1 h[ev]1 is n ( an individual nature2 = ,i believe ,i am "r 9 say+ t any animal ) a bell w s]ve z a madr9a4 ,9 a troop ea* animal c>ries on a level road1 a c>go weigh+ #daf p\nds 7m ?an #bi /one71 b 9 a m\nta9\s c\ntry #ajj p\nds less2 yet ) :at delicate slim limbs1 )\t any proportional bulk ( muscle1 ^! animals support s great a burd56 ,! mule always appe>s to me a mo/ surpris+ animal4 ,t a hybrid %\ld possess m reason1 memory1 ob/9acy1 social affection1 p[]s ( muscul> endurance1 & l5g? ( life1 ?an ei!r ( its p>5ts1 seems to indicate t art has "h outdone nature4 ,( our t5 animals1 six 7 int5d$ = rid+1 & f\r = c>ry+ c>goes1 ea* tak+ turn ab\t4 ,we c>ri$ a good deal ( food 9 case we %\ld be sn[$ up1 z ! season 0 r late = pass+ ! ,portillo4 ,m>* #ai?4--,we rode dur+ ?is day to ! la/1 & !re=e mo/ elevat$1 h\se 9 ! valley4 ,! numb] ( inhabitants became scanty2 b :]ev] wat] c\ld be br\ght on ! l&1 x 0 v f]tile4 ,all ! ma9 valleys 9 ! ,cordill]a are *>act]iz$ by hav+1 on bo? sides1 a fr+e or t]race ( %+le & s&1 rudely /ratifi$1 & g5]ally ( consid]able ?ickness4 ,^! fr+es evid5tly once ext5d$ across ! valleys & 7 unit$2 & ! bottoms ( ! valleys 9 nor!rn ,*ile1 :]e !re are no /reams1 are ?us smoo?ly fill$ up4 ,on ^! fr+es ! roads are g5]ally c>ri$1 = _! surfaces are ev51 & !y rise1 ) a v g5tle slope up ! valleys3 h5ce1 also1 !y are easily cultivat$ by irrigation4 ,!y may be trac$ up to a height ( betwe5 #gjjj & #ijjj feet1 :]e !y become hidd5 by ! irregul> piles ( debris4 ,at ! l[] end or m\?s ( ! valleys1 !y are cont9u\sly unit$ to ^? l&-lock$ pla9s 7also =m$ ( %+le7 at ! foot ( ! ma9 ,cordill]a1 :i* ,i h describ$ 9 a =m] *apt] z *>act]i/ic ( ! sc5]y ( ,*ile1 & :i* 7 und\bt$ly deposit$ :5 ! sea p5etrat$ ,*ile1 z x n[ does ! m s\!rn coa/s4 ,no "o fact 9 ! geology ( ,s\? ,am]ica1 int]e/$ me m ?an ^! t]races ( rudely-/ratifi$ %+le4 ,!y precisely resemble 9 composition ! matt] :i* ! torr5ts 9 ea* valley w\ld deposit1 if !y 7 *eck$ 9 _! c\rse by any cause1 su* z ent]+ a lake or arm ( ! sea2 b ! torr5ts1 in/ead ( deposit+ matt]1 are n[ /eadily at "w we>+ away bo? ! solid rock & ^! alluvial deposits1 along ! :ole l9e ( e ma9 valley & side valley4 ,x is impossible "h to give ! reasons1 b ,i am conv9c$ t ! %+le t]races 7 accumulat$1 dur+ ! gradual elevation ( ! ,cordill]a1 by ! torr5ts deliv]+1 at successive levels1 _! detritus on ! bea*heads ( long n>r[ arms ( ! sea1 fir/ high up ! valleys1 !n l[] & l[] d[n z ! l& sl[ly rose4 ,if ?is be s1 & ,i _c d\bt x1 ! gr& & brok5 *a9 ( ! ,cordill]a1 in/ead ( hav+ be5 sudd5ly ?r[n up1 z 0 till lately ! univ]sal1 & /ill is ! common op9ion ( geologi/s1 has be5 sl[ly upheav$ 9 mass1 9 ! same gradual mann] z ! coa/s ( ! ,atlantic & ,pacific h ris5 )9 ! rec5t p]iod4 ,a multitude ( facts 9 ! /ructure ( ! ,cordill]a1 on ?is view receive a simple explanation4 ,! riv]s :i* fl[ 9 ^! valleys ought r to be call$ m\nta9-torr5ts4 ,_! incl9ation is v great1 & _! wat] ! col\r ( mud4 ,! ro> :i* ! ,maypu made1 z x ru%$ ov] ! great r\nd$ fragm5ts1 0 l t ( ! sea4 ,amid/ ! d9 ( ru%+ wat]s1 ! noise f ! /ones1 z !y rattl$ "o ov] ano!r1 0 mo/ di/9ctly audible ev5 f a di/ance4 ,?is rattl+ noise1 night & day1 may be he>d along ! :ole c\rse ( ! torr5t4 ,! s\nd spoke eloqu5tly to ! geologi/2 ! ?\s&s & ?\s&s ( /ones1 :i*1 /rik+ aga9/ ea* o!r1 made ! "o dull uni=m s\nd1 7 all hurry+ 9 "o direction4 ,x 0 l ?9k+ on "t1 :]e ! m9ute t n[ glides pa/ is irrevocable4 ,s 0 x ) ^! /ones2 ! ocean is _! et]nity1 & ea* note ( t wild music told ( "o m /ep t[>ds _! de/9y4 ,x is n possible = ! m9d to compreh5d1 except by a sl[ process1 any effect :i* is produc$ by a cause repeat$ s (t51 t ! multipli] itself conveys an idea1 n m def9ite ?an ! savage implies :5 he po9ts to ! hairs ( 8 head4 ,z (t5 z ,i h se5 b$s ( mud1 s&1 & %+le1 accumulat$ to ! ?ickness ( _m ?\s& feet1 ,i h felt incl9$ to exclaim t causes1 su* z ! pres5t riv]s & ! pres5t bea*es1 c\ld nev] h gr\nd d[n & produc$ su* masses4 ,b1 on ! o!r h&1 :5 li/5+ to ! rattl+ noise ( ^! torr5ts1 & call+ to m9d t :ole races ( animals h pass$ away f ! face ( ! e>?1 & t dur+ ?is :ole p]iod1 night & day1 ^! /ones h gone rattl+ onw>ds 9 _! c\rse1 ,i h ?\ght to myself1 c any m\nta9s1 any cont95t1 )/& su* wa/e8 ,9 ?is "p ( ! valley1 ! m\nta9s on ea* side 7 f #cjjj to #fjjj or #hjjj feet high1 ) r\nd$ outl9es & /eep b>e flanks4 ,! g5]al col\r ( ! rock 0 dulli% purple1 & ! /ratification v di/9ct4 ,if ! sc5]y 0 n beautiful1 x 0 rem>kable & gr&4 ,we met dur+ ! day sev]al h]ds ( cattle1 :i* m5 7 driv+ d[n f ! high] valleys 9 ! ,cordill]a4 ,?is sign ( ! approa*+ w9t] hurri$ our /eps1 m ?an 0 conv5i5t = geologiz+4 ,! h\se :]e we slept 0 situat$ at ! foot ( a m\nta91 on ! summit ( :i* are ! m9es ( ,s4 ,p$ro de ,nolasko4 ,sir ,f4 ,head m>vels h[ m9es h be5 discov]$ 9 su* extraord9>y situations1 z ! bleak summit ( ! m\nta9 ( ,s4 ,p$ro de ,nolasko4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 metallic ve9s 9 ?is c\ntry are g5]ally h>d] ?an ! surr\nd+ /rata3 h5ce1 dur+ ! gradual we> ( ! hills1 !y project above ! surface ( ! gr\nd4 ,secondly1 almo/ e lab\r]1 especially 9 ! nor!rn p>ts ( ,*ile1 und]/&s some?+ ab\t ! appe>ance ( ores4 ,9 ! great m9+ prov9ces ( ,coquimbo & ,copiapo1 firewood is v sc>ce1 & m5 se>* = x ov] e hill & dale2 & by ?is means ne>ly all ! ri*e/ m9es h !re be5 discov]$4 ,*anuncillo1 f :i* silv] to ! value ( _m hundr$ ?\s& p\nds has be5 rais$ 9 ! c\rse ( a few ye>s1 0 discov]$ by a man :o ?rew a /one at 8 load$ donkey1 & ?9k+ t x 0 v heavy1 he pick$ x up1 & f\nd x full ( pure silv]3 ! ve9 occurr$ at no great di/ance1 /&+ up l a w$ge ( metal4 ,! m9]s1 also1 tak+ a cr[b> ) !m1 (t5 w&] on ,sundays ov] ! m\nta9s4 ,9 ?is s\? "p ( ,*ile1 ! m5 :o drive cattle into ! ,cordill]a1 & :o frequ5t e rav9e :]e !re is a little pa/ure1 are ! usual discov]]s4 #bj?4--,z we asc5d$ ! valley1 ! vegetation1 ) ! exception ( a few pretty alp9e fl[]s1 became exce$+ly scanty1 & ( quadrup$s1 birds1 or insects1 sc>cely "o c\ld be se54 ,! l(ty m\nta9s1 _! summits m>k$ ) a few pat*es ( sn[1 /ood well sep>at$ f ea* o!r1 ! valleys be+ fill$ up ) an imm5se ?ickness ( /ratifi$ alluvium4 ,! features 9 ! sc5]y ( ! ,&es :i* /ruck me mo/1 z contra/$ ) ! o!r m\nta9 *a9s ) :i* ,i am acqua9t$1 71--! flat fr+es sometimes exp&+ into n>r[ pla9s on ea* side ( ! valleys1--! bright col\rs1 *iefly r$ & purple1 ( ! utt]ly b>e & precipit\s hills ( porphyry1 ! gr& & cont9u\s wall-l dykes1--! pla9ly-divid$ /rata :i*1 :]e ne>ly v]tical1 =m$ ! picturesque & wild c5tral p9nacles1 b :]e less incl9$1 compos$ ! great massive m\nta9s on ! outskirts ( ! range1--& la/ly1 ! smoo? conical piles ( f9e & brightly col\r$ detritus1 :i* slop$ up at a high angle f ! base ( ! m\nta9s1 sometimes to a height ( m ?an #bjjj feet4 ,i frequ5tly obs]v$1 bo? 9 ,ti]ra del ,fuego & )9 ! ,&es1 t :]e ! rock 0 cov]$ dur+ ! great] "p ( ! ye> ) sn[1 x 0 %iv]$ 9 a v extraord9>y mann] into small angul> fragm5ts4 ,scoresby #a has obs]v$ ! same fact 9 ,spitzb]g54 ,! case appe>s to me r obscure3 = t "p ( ! m\nta9 :i* is protect$ by a mantle ( sn[1 mu/ be less subject to repeat$ & great *anges ( temp]ature ?an any o!r "p4 ,i h sometimes ?\ght1 t ! e>? & fragm5ts ( /one on ! surface1 7 p]haps less effectually remov$ by sl[ly p]colat+ sn[-wat] #b ?an by ra91 & !re=e t ! appe>ance ( a quick] dis9tegration ( ! solid rock "u ! sn[1 0 deceptive4 ,:atev] ! cause may be1 ! quantity ( crumbl+ /one on ! ,cordill]a is v great4 ,occasionally 9 ! spr+1 great masses ( ?is detritus slide d[n ! m\nta9s1 & cov] ! sn[-drifts 9 ! valleys1 ?us =m+ natural ice-h\ses4 ,we rode ov] "o1 ! height ( :i* 0 f> bel[ ! limit ( p]petual sn[4 ,z ! ev5+ drew to a close1 we rea*$ a s+ul> bas9-l pla91 call$ ! ,valle del ,yeso4 ,x 0 cov]$ by a little dry pa/ure1 & we _h ! pleasant sight ( a h]d ( cattle amid/ ! surr\nd+ rocky des]ts4 ,! valley takes its "n ( ,yeso f a great b$1 ,i %\ld ?9k at lea/ #bjjj feet ?ick1 ( :ite1 & 9 "s p>ts q pure1 gypsum4 ,we slept ) a p>ty ( m51 :o 7 employ$ 9 load+ mules ) ?is sub/ance1 :i* is us$ 9 ! manufacture ( w9e4 ,we set out e>ly 9 ! morn+ 7#ba/71 & cont9u$ to foll[ ! c\rse ( ! riv]1 :i* _h become v small1 till we arriv$ at ! foot ( ! ridge1 t sep>ates ! wat]s fl[+ into ! ,pacific & ,atlantic ,oceans4 ,! road1 :i* z yet _h be5 good ) a /eady b v gradual asc5t1 n[ *ang$ into a /eep zigzag track up ! great range1 divid+ ! republics ( ,*ile & ,m5doza4 ,i w "h give a v brief sket* ( ! geology ( ! sev]al p>allel l9es =m+ ! ,cordill]a4 ,( ^! l9es1 !re are two consid]ably high] ?an ! o!rs2 namely1 on ! ,*ilian side1 ! ,peuqu5es ridge1 :i*1 :]e ! road crosses x1 is #ac1baj feet above ! sea2 & ! ,portillo ridge1 on ! ,m5doza side1 :i* is #ad1cje feet4 ,! l[] b$s ( ! ,peuqu5es ridge1 & ( ! sev]al great l9es to ! we/w>d ( x1 are compos$ ( a va/ pile1 _m ?\s& feet 9 ?ickness1 ( porphyries :i* h fl[$ z subm>9e lavas1 alt]nat+ ) angul> & r\nd$ fragm5ts ( ! same rocks1 ?r[n out ( ! subm>9e crat]s4 ,^! alt]nat+ masses are cov]$ 9 ! c5tral p>ts1 by a great ?ickness ( r$ s&/one1 conglom]ate1 & calc>e\s clay-slate1 associat$ )1 & pass+ into1 prodigi\s b$s ( gypsum4 ,9 ^! upp] b$s %ells are tol]ably frequ5t2 & !y belong to ab\t ! p]iod ( ! l[] *alk ( ,europe4 ,x is an old /ory1 b n ! less wond]ful1 to he> ( %ells :i* 7 once crawl+ on ! bottom ( ! sea1 n[ /&+ ne>ly #ad1jjj feet above its level4 ,! l[] b$s 9 ?is great pile ( /rata1 h be5 dislocat$1 bak$1 cry/alliz$ & almo/ bl5d$ toge!r1 ?r\gh ! ag5cy ( m\nta9 masses ( a peculi> :ite soda-granitic rock4 ,! o!r ma9 l9e1 namely1 t ( ! ,portillo1 is ( a totally diff]5t =mation3 x consi/s *iefly ( gr& b>e p9nacles ( a r$ pota%-granite1 :i* l[ d[n on ! we/]n flank are cov]$ by a s&/one1 conv]t$ by ! =m] heat into a qu>tz-rock4 ,on ! qu>tz1 !re re/ b$s ( a conglom]ate sev]al ?\s& feet 9 ?ickness1 :i* h be5 upheav$ by ! r$ granite1 & dip at an angle ( #de degs4 t[>ds ! ,peuqu5es l9e4 ,i 0 a/oni%$ to f9d t ?is conglom]ate 0 p>tly compos$ ( pebbles1 d]iv$ f ! rocks1 ) _! fossil %ells1 ( ! ,peuqu5es range2 & p>tly ( r$ pota%-granite1 l t ( ! ,portillo4 ,h5ce we mu/ conclude1 t bo? ! ,peuqu5es & ,portillo ranges 7 p>tially upheav$ & expos$ to we> & te>1 :5 ! conglom]ate 0 =m+2 b z ! b$s ( ! conglom]ate h be5 ?r[n (f at an angle ( #de degs4 by ! r$ ,portillo granite 7) ! und]ly+ s&/one bak$ by x71 we may feel sure1 t ! great] "p ( ! injection & upheaval ( ! already p>tially =m$ ,portillo l9e1 took place aft] ! accumulation ( ! conglom]ate1 & long aft] ! elevation ( ! ,peuqu5es ridge4 ,s t ! ,portillo1 ! l(tie/ l9e 9 ?is "p ( ! ,cordill]a1 is n s old z ! less l(ty l9e ( ! ,peuqu5es4 ,evid5ce d]iv$ f an incl9$ /ream ( lava at ! ea/]n base ( ! ,portillo1 might be adduc$ to %[1 t x owes "p ( its great height to elevations ( a /ill lat] date4 ,look+ to its e>lie/ orig91 ! r$ granite seems to h be5 inject$ on an anci5t pre-exi/+ l9e ( :ite granite & mica-slate4 ,9 mo/ p>ts1 p]haps 9 all p>ts1 ( ! ,cordill]a1 x may be conclud$ t ea* l9e has be5 =m$ by repeat$ upheavals & injections2 & t ! sev]al p>allel l9es are ( diff]5t ages4 ,only ?us c we ga9 "t1 at all suffici5t to expla9 ! truly a/oni%+ am\nt ( d5udation1 :i* ^! great1 ?\gh comp>atively ) mo/ o!r ranges rec5t1 m\nta9s h suff]$4 ,f9ally1 ! %ells 9 ! ,peuqu5es or olde/ ridge1 prove1 z be=e rem>k$1 t x has be5 uprais$ #ad1jjj feet s9ce a ,second>y p]iod1 :i* 9 ,europe we are accu/om$ to consid] z f> f anci5t2 b s9ce ^! %ells liv$ 9 a mod]ately deep sea1 x c be %[n t ! area n[ occupi$ by ! ,cordill]a1 mu/ h subsid$ sev]al ?\s& feet--9 nor!rn ,*ile z mu* z #fjjj feet--s z to h all[$ t am\nt ( subm>9e /rata to h be5 heap$ on ! b$ on :i* ! %ells liv$4 ,! pro( is ! same ) t by :i* x 0 %[n1 t at a mu* lat] p]iod1 s9ce ! t]ti>y %ells ( ,patagonia liv$1 !re mu/ h be5 !re a subsid5ce ( sev]al hundr$ feet1 z well z an ensu+ elevation4 ,daily x is =c$ home on ! m9d ( ! geologi/1 t no?+1 n ev5 ! w9d t bl[s1 is s un/able z ! level ( ! cru/ ( ?is e>?4 ,i w make only "o o!r geological rem>k3 al?\gh ! ,portillo *a9 is "h high] ?an ! ,peuqu5es1 ! wat]s dra9+ ! int]m$iate valleys1 h bur/ ?r\gh x4 ,! same fact1 on a gr&] scale1 has be5 rem>k$ 9 ! ea/]n & l(tie/ l9e ( ! ,bolivian ,cordill]a1 ?r\gh :i* ! riv]s pass3 analog\s facts h also be5 obs]v$ 9 o!r qu>t]s ( ! _w4 ,on ! supposition ( ! subsequ5t & gradual elevation ( ! ,portillo l9e1 ?is c be und]/ood2 = a *a9 ( islets w\ld at fir/ appe>1 &1 z ^! 7 lift$ up1 ! tides w\ld be always we>+ deep] & broad] *annels betwe5 !m4 ,at ! pres5t day1 ev5 9 ! mo/ retir$ ,s\nds on ! coa/ ( ,ti]ra del ,fuego1 ! curr5ts 9 ! transv]se breaks :i* connect ! longitud9al *annels1 are v /rong1 s t 9 "o transv]se *annel ev5 a small vessel "u sail 0 :irl$ r\nd & r\nd4 ,ab\t noon we began ! t$i\s asc5t ( ! ,peuqu5es ridge1 & !n = ! fir/ "t exp]i5c$ "s little difficulty 9 our respiration4 ,! mules w\ld halt e fifty y>ds1 & aft] re/+ = a few seconds ! poor will+ animals />t$ ( _! own accord aga94 ,! %ort brea?+ f ! r>efi$ atmosph]e is call$ by ! ,*il5os puna2 & !y h mo/ ridicul\s notions conc]n+ its orig94 ,"s say all ! wat]s "h h puna2 o!rs t :]e !re is sn[ !re is puna2--& ?is no d\bt is true4 ,! only s5sation ,i exp]i5c$ 0 a slight tightness across ! head & *e/1 l t felt on leav+ a w>m room & runn+ quickly 9 fro/y wea!r4 ,!re 0 "s imag9ation ev5 9 ?is2 = ^u f9d+ fossil %ells on ! highe/ ridge1 ,i entirely =got ! puna 9 my delight4 ,c]ta9ly ! ex]tion ( walk+ 0 extremely great1 & ! respiration became deep & labori\s3 ,i am told t 9 ,potosi 7ab\t #ac1jjj feet above ! sea7 /rang]s d n become ?or\ghly accu/om$ to ! atmosph]e = an entire ye>4 ,! inhabitants all recomm5d onions = ! puna2 z ?is vegetable has sometimes be5 giv5 9 ,europe = pectoral compla9ts1 x may possibly be ( real s]vice3--= my "p ,i f\nd no?+ s good z ! fossil %ells6 ,:5 ab\t half-way up we met a l>ge p>ty ) sev5ty load$ mules4 ,x 0 int]e/+ to he> ! wild cries ( ! mulete]s1 & to wat* ! long desc5d+ /r+ ( ! animals2 !y appe>$ s dim9utive1 !re be+ no?+ b ! black m\nta9s ) :i* !y c\ld be comp>$4 ,:5 ne> ! summit1 ! w9d1 z g5]ally happ5s1 0 impetu\s & extremely cold4 ,on ea* side ( ! ridge1 we _h to pass ov] broad b&s ( p]petual sn[1 :i* 7 n[ soon to be cov]$ by a fre% lay]4 ,:5 we rea*$ ! cre/ & look$ backw>ds1 a glori\s view 0 pres5t$4 ,! atmosph]e respl5d5tly cle>2 ! sky an int5se blue2 ! pr(\nd valleys2 ! wild brok5 =ms3 ! heaps ( ru9s1 pil$ up dur+ ! lapse ( ages2 ! bright-col\r$ rocks1 contra/$ ) ! quiet m\nta9s ( sn[1 all ^! toge!r produc$ a sc5e no "o c\ld h imag9$4 ,nei!r plant nor bird1 except+ a few condors :eel+ ar\nd ! high] p9nacles1 di/ract$ my att5tion f ! inanimate mass4 ,i felt glad t ,i 0 alone3 x 0 l wat*+ a ?und]/orm1 or he>+ 9 full or*e/ra a *orus ( ! ,messiah4 ,on sev]al pat*es ( ! sn[ ,i f\nd ! ,protococcus nivalis1 or r$ sn[1 s well kn[n f ! acc\nts ( ,arctic navigators4 ,my att5tion 0 call$ to x1 by obs]v+ ! foot/eps ( ! mules /a9$ a pale r$1 z if _! ho(s _h be5 slightly bloody4 ,i at fir/ ?\ght t x 0 ow+ to du/ bl[n f ! surr\nd+ m\nta9s ( r$ porphyry2 = f ! magnify+ p[] ( ! cry/als ( sn[1 ! gr\ps ( ^! microscopical plants appe>$ l co>se p>ticles4 ,! sn[ 0 col\r$ only :]e x _h ?aw$ v rapidly1 or _h be5 accid5tally cru%$4 ,a little rubb$ on pap] gave x a fa9t rose t+e m+l$ ) a little brick-r$4 ,i aft]w>ds scrap$ "s (f ! pap]1 & f\nd t x consi/$ ( gr\ps ( little sph]es 9 col\rless cases1 ea* ( ! ?\s&? "p ( an in* 9 diamet]4 ,! w9d on ! cre/ ( ! ,peuqu5es1 z j rem>k$1 is g5]ally impetu\s & v cold3 x is said #c to bl[ /eadily f ! we/w>d or ,pacific side4 ,z ! obs]vations h be5 *iefly made 9 summ]1 ?is w9d mu/ be an upp] & return curr5t4 ,! ,peak ( ,t5]iffe1 ) a less elevation1 & situat$ 9 lat4 #bh degs41 9 l mann] falls )9 an upp] return /ream4 ,at fir/ x appe>s r surpris+1 t ! trade-w9d along ! nor!rn p>ts ( ,*ile & on ! coa/ ( ,p]u1 %\ld bl[ 9 s v s\!rly a direction z x does2 b :5 we reflect t ! ,cordill]a1 runn+ 9 a nor? & s\? l9e1 int]cepts1 l a great wall1 ! entire dep? ( ! l[] atmosph]ic curr5t1 we c easily see t ! trade-w9d mu/ be drawn nor?w>d1 foll[+ ! l9e ( m\nta9s1 t[>ds ! equatorial regions1 & ?us lose "p ( t ea/]ly movem5t :i* x o!rwise w\ld h ga9$ f ! e>?'s rotation4 ,at ,m5doza1 on ! ea/]n foot ( ! ,&es1 ! climate is said to be subject to long calms1 & to frequ5t ?\gh false appe>ances ( ga!r+ ra9-/orms3 we may imag9e t ! w9d1 :i* com+ f ! ea/w>d is ?us bank$ up by ! l9e ( m\nta9s1 w\ld become /agnant & irregul> 9 its movem5ts4 ,hav+ cross$ ! ,peuqu5es1 we desc5d$ into a m\nta9\s c\ntry1 int]m$iate betwe5 ! two ma9 ranges1 & !n took up our qu>t]s = ! night4 ,we 7 n[ 9 ! republic ( ,m5doza4 ,! elevation 0 probably n "u #aa1jjj feet1 & ! vegetation 9 consequ5ce exce$+ly scanty4 ,! root ( a small scrubby plant s]v$ z fuel1 b x made a mis]able fire1 & ! w9d 0 pi]c+ly cold4 ,be+ q tir$ ) my days "w1 ,i made up my b$ z quickly z ,i c\ld1 & w5t to sleep4 ,ab\t midnight ,i obs]v$ ! sky became sudd5ly cl\d$3 ,i awak5$ ! arri]o to "k if !re 0 any dang] ( bad wea!r2 b he said t )\t ?und] & lightn+ !re 0 no risk ( a heavy sn[-/orm4 ,! p]il is imm95t1 & ! difficulty ( subsequ5t escape great1 to any "o ov]tak5 by bad wea!r betwe5 ! two ranges4 ,a c]ta9 cave (f]s ! only place ( refuge3 ,mr4 ,caldcleugh1 :o cross$ on ?is same day ( ! mon?1 0 deta9$ !re = "s "t by a heavy fall ( sn[4 ,casu*as1 or h\ses ( refuge1 h n be5 built 9 ?is pass z 9 t ( ,uspallata1 &1 !re=e1 dur+ ! autumn1 ! ,portillo is little frequ5t$4 ,i may "h rem>k t )9 ! ma9 ,cordill]a ra9 nev] falls1 = dur+ ! summ] ! sky is cl\dless1 & 9 w9t] sn[-/orms alone occur4 ,at ! place :]e we slept wat] necess>ily boil$1 f ! dim9i%$ pressure ( ! atmosph]e1 at a l[] temp]ature ?an x does 9 a less l(ty c\ntry2 ! case be+ ! conv]se ( t ( a ,pap9's dige/]4 ,h5ce ! potatoes1 aft] rema9+ = "s h\rs 9 ! boil+ wat]1 7 ne>ly z h>d z ev]4 ,! pot 0 left on ! fire all night1 & next morn+ x 0 boil$ aga91 b yet ! potatoes 7 n cook$4 ,i f\nd out ?is1 by ov]he>+ my two companions discuss+ ! cause1 !y _h come to ! simple conclusion1 t ! curs$ pot :i* 0 a new "o did n *oose to boil potatoes4 ,m>* #bbnd4--,aft] eat+ our potatoless breakfa/1 we travell$ across ! int]m$iate tract to ! foot ( ! ,portillo range4 ,9 ! middle ( summ] cattle are br\ght up "h to graze2 b !y _h n[ all be5 remov$3 ev5 ! great] numb] ( ! ,guanacos _h decamp$1 kn[+ well t if ov]tak5 "h by a sn[-/orm1 !y w\ld be caught 9 a trap4 ,we _h a f9e view ( a mass ( m\nta9s call$ ,tupungato1 ! :ole clo!d ) unbrok5 sn[1 9 ! mid/ ( :i* !re 0 a blue pat*1 no d\bt a glaci]2--a circum/ance ( r>e occurr5ce 9 ^! m\nta9s4 ,n[ comm5c$ a heavy & long climb1 simil> to t ( ! ,peuqu5es4 ,bold conical hills ( r$ granite rose on ea* h&2 9 ! valleys !re 7 sev]al broad fields ( p]petual sn[4 ,^! froz5 masses1 dur+ ! process ( ?aw+1 _h 9 "s p>ts be5 conv]t$ into p9nacles or columns1 #d :i*1 z !y 7 high & close toge!r1 made x difficult = ! c>go mules to pass4 ,on "o ( ^! columns ( ice1 a froz5 horse 0 /ick+ z on a p$e/al1 b ) its h9d legs /raight up 9 ! air4 ,! animal1 ,i suppose1 mu/ h fall5 ) its head d[nw>d into a hole1 :5 ! sn[ 0 cont9u\s1 & aft]w>ds ! surr\nd+ p>ts mu/ h be5 remov$ by ! ?aw4 ,:5 ne>ly on ! cre/ ( ! ,portillo1 we 7 envelop$ 9 a fall+ cl\d ( m9ute froz5 spicula4 ,?is 0 v un=tunate1 z x cont9u$ ! :ole day1 & q int]cept$ our view4 ,! pass takes its "n ( ,portillo1 f a n>r[ cleft or doorway on ! highe/ ridge1 ?r\gh :i* ! road passes4 ,f ?is po9t1 on a cle> day1 ^? va/ pla9s :i* un9t]rupt$ly ext5d to ! ,atlantic ,ocean c be se54 ,we desc5d$ to ! upp] limit ( vegetation1 & f\nd good qu>t]s = ! night "u ! %elt] ( "s l>ge fragm5ts ( rock4 ,we met "h "s pass5g]s1 :o made anxi\s inquiries ab\t ! /ate ( ! road4 ,%ortly aft] x 0 d>k ! cl\ds sudd5ly cle>$ away1 & ! effect 0 q magical4 ,! great m\nta9s1 bright ) ! full moon1 seem$ imp5d+ ov] u on all sides1 z ov] a deep crevice3 "o morn+1 v e>ly1 ,i witness$ ! same /rik+ effect4 ,z soon z ! cl\ds 7 disp]s$ x froze sev]ely2 b z !re 0 no w9d1 we slept v com=tably4 ,! increas$ brilliancy ( ! moon & />s at ?is elevation1 ow+ to ! p]fect transp>5cy ( ! atmosph]e1 0 v rem>kable4 ,travel]s hav+ obs]v$ ! difficulty ( judg+ heights & di/ances amid/ l(ty m\nta9s1 h g5]ally attribut$ x to ! abs5ce ( objects ( comp>ison4 ,x appe>s to me1 t x is fully z mu* ow+ to ! transp>5cy ( ! air conf\nd+ objects at diff]5t di/ances1 & likewise p>tly to ! novelty ( an unusual degree ( fatigue aris+ f a little ex]tion1--habit be+ ?us oppos$ to ! evid5ce ( ! s5ses4 ,i am sure t ?is extreme cle>ness ( ! air gives a peculi> "* to ! l&scape1 all objects appe>+ to be br\ght ne>ly into "o plane1 z 9 a draw+ or panorama4 ,! transp>5cy is1 ,i presume1 ow+ to ! equable & high /ate ( atmosph]ic dryness4 ,?is dryness 0 %[n by ! mann] 9 :i* woodwork %rank 7z ,i soon f\nd by ! tr\ble my geological hamm] gave me72 by articles ( food1 su* z bread & sug>1 becom+ extremely h>d2 & by ! pres]vation ( ! sk9 & p>ts ( ! fle% ( ! bea/s1 :i* _h p]i%$ on ! road4 ,to ! same cause we mu/ attribute ! s+ul> facility ) :i* electricity is excit$4 ,my flannel wai/coat1 :5 rubb$ 9 ! d>k1 appe>$ z if x _h be5 wa%$ ) phosphorus1--e hair on a dog's back crackl$2--ev5 ! l95 %eets1 & lea!rn /raps ( ! saddle1 :5 h&l$1 emitt$ sp>ks4 ,m>* #bcrd4--,! desc5t on ! ea/]n side ( ! ,cordill]a is mu* %ort] or /eep] ?an on ! ,pacific side2 9 o!r words1 ! m\nta9s rise m abruptly f ! pla9s ?an f ! alp9e c\ntry ( ,*ile4 ,a level & brilliantly :ite sea ( cl\ds 0 /ret*$ out b5ea? our feet1 %utt+ out ! view ( ! equally level ,pampas4 ,we soon ent]$ ! b& ( cl\ds1 & did n aga9 em]ge f x t day4 ,ab\t noon1 f9d+ pa/ure = ! animals & bu%es = firewood at ,los ,ar5ales1 we /opp$ = ! night4 ,?is 0 ne> ! upp]mo/ limit ( bu%es1 & ! elevation1 ,i suppose1 0 betwe5 sev5 & eight ?\s& feet4 ,i 0 mu* /ruck ) ! m>k$ diff]5ce betwe5 ! vegetation ( ^! ea/]n valleys & ^? on ! ,*ilian side3 yet ! climate1 z well z ! k9d ( soil1 is ne>ly ! same1 & ! diff]5ce ( longitude v trifl+4 ,! same rem>k holds good ) ! quadrup$s1 & 9 a less] degree ) ! birds & insects4 ,i may in/ance ! mice1 ( :i* ,i obta9$ ?irte5 species on ! %ores ( ! ,atlantic1 & five on ! ,pacific1 & n "o ( !m is id5tical4 ,we mu/ except all ^? species1 :i* habitually or occasionally frequ5t elevat$ m\nta9s2 & c]ta9 birds1 :i* range z f> s\? z ! ,/rait ( ,magellan4 ,?is fact is 9 p]fect accordance ) ! geological hi/ory ( ! ,&es2 = ^! m\nta9s h exi/$ z a great b>ri] s9ce ! pres5t races ( animals h appe>$2 & !re=e1 unless we suppose ! same species to h be5 creat$ 9 two diff]5t places1 we ought n to expect any clos] simil>ity betwe5 ! organic be+s on ! opposite sides ( ! ,&es ?an on ! opposite %ores ( ! ocean4 ,9 bo? cases1 we mu/ leave out ( ! "q ^? k9ds :i* h be5 able to cross ! b>ri]1 :e!r ( solid rock or salt-wat]4 #e ,a great numb] ( ! plants & animals 7 absolutely ! same z1 or mo/ closely alli$ to1 ^? ( ,patagonia4 ,we "h h ! ag\ti1 bizca*a1 ?ree species ( armadillo1 ! o/ri*1 c]ta9 k9ds ( p>tridges & o!r birds1 none ( :i* are ev] se5 9 ,*ile1 b are ! *>act]i/ic animals ( ! des]t pla9s ( ,patagonia4 ,we h likewise _m ( ! same 7to ! eyes ( a p]son :o is n a botani/7 ?orny /unt$ bu%es1 )]$ grass1 & dw>f plants4 ,ev5 ! black sl[ly crawl+ beetles are closely simil>1 & "s1 ,i believe1 on rigor\s exam9ation1 absolutely id5tical4 ,x _h always be5 to me a subject ( regret1 t we 7 unavoidably compell$ to give up ! asc5t ( ! ,s4 ,cruz riv] be=e rea*+ ! m\nta9s3 ,i always _h a lat5t hope ( meet+ ) "s great *ange 9 ! features ( ! c\ntry2 b ,i n[ feel sure1 t x w\ld only h be5 foll[+ ! pla9s ( ,patagonia up a m\nta9\s asc5t4 ,m>* #bd?4--,e>ly 9 ! morn+ ,i climb$ up a m\nta9 on "o side ( ! valley1 & enjoy$ a f> ext5d$ view ov] ! ,pampas4 ,?is 0 a spectacle to :i* ,i _h always look$ =w>d ) int]e/1 b ,i 0 disappo9t$3 at ! fir/ glance x mu* resembl$ a di/ant view ( ! ocean1 b 9 ! nor!rn p>ts _m irregul>ities 7 soon di/+ui%able4 ,! mo/ /rik+ feature consi/$ 9 ! riv]s1 :i*1 fac+ ! ris+ sun1 glitt]$ l silv] ?reads1 till lo/ 9 ! imm5sity ( ! di/ance4 ,at midday we desc5d$ ! valley1 & rea*$ a hovel1 :]e an (fic] & ?ree soldi]s 7 po/$ to exam9e passports4 ,"o ( ^! m5 0 a ?or\ghbr$ ,pampas ,indian3 he 0 kept mu* = ! same purpose z a bloodh\nd1 to track out any p]son :o might pass by secretly1 ei!r on foot or horseback4 ,"s ye>s ago1 a pass5g] endeav\r$ to escape detection1 by mak+ a long circuit ov] a neighb\r+ m\nta92 b ?is ,indian1 hav+ by *ance cross$ 8 track1 foll[$ x = ! :ole day ov] dry & v /ony hills1 till at la/ he came on 8 prey hidd5 9 a gully4 ,we "h he>d t ! silv]y cl\ds1 :i* we _h admir$ f ! bright region above1 _h p\r$ d[n torr5ts ( ra94 ,! valley f ?is po9t gradually op5$1 & ! hills became m]e wat]-worn hillocks comp>$ to ! giants beh9d3 x !n exp&$ into a g5tly slop+ pla9 ( %+le1 cov]$ ) l[ trees & bu%es4 ,?is talus1 al?\gh appe>+ n>r[1 mu/ be ne>ly t5 miles wide be=e x bl5ds into ! app>5tly dead level ,pampas4 ,we pass$ ! only h\se 9 ?is neighb\rhood1 ! ,e/ancia ( ,*aquaio3 & at sunset we pull$ up 9 ! fir/ snug corn]1 & !re biv\ack$4 ,m>* #be?4--,i 0 rem9d$ ( ! ,pampas ( ,bu5os ,ayres1 by see+ ! disk ( ! ris+ sun1 int]sect$ by an horizon level z t ( ! ocean4 ,dur+ ! night a heavy dew fell1 a circum/ance :i* we did n exp]i5ce )9 ! ,cordill]a4 ,! road proce$$ = "s di/ance due ea/ across a l[ swamp2 !n meet+ ! dry pla91 x turn$ to ! nor? t[>ds ,m5doza4 ,! di/ance is two v long days' j\rney4 ,our fir/ day's j\rney 0 call$ f\rte5 leagues to ,e/acado1 & ! second sev5te5 to ,luxan1 ne> ,m5doza4 ,! :ole di/ance is ov] a level des]t pla91 ) n m ?an two or ?ree h\ses4 ,! sun 0 exce$+ly p[]ful1 & ! ride devoid ( all int]e/4 ,!re is v little wat] 9 ?is trav]sia1 & 9 our second day's j\rney we f\nd only "o little pool4 ,little wat] fl[s f ! m\nta9s1 & x soon becomes absorb$ by ! dry & por\s soil2 s t1 al?\gh we travell$ at ! di/ance ( only t5 or fifte5 miles f ! out] range ( ! ,cordill]a1 we did n cross a s+le /ream4 ,9 _m p>ts ! gr\nd 0 incru/$ ) a sal9e effloresc5ce2 h5ce we _h ! same salt-lov+ plants :i* are common ne> ,bahia ,blanca4 ,! l&scape has a uni=m "* f ! ,/rait ( ,magellan1 along ! :ole ea/]n coa/ ( ,patagonia1 to ! ,rio ,colorado2 & x appe>s t ! same k9d ( c\ntry ext5ds inl& f ?is riv]1 9 a sweep+ l9e z f> z ,san ,luis & p]haps ev5 fur!r nor?4 ,to ! ea/w>d ( ?is curv$ l9e lies ! bas9 ( ! comp>atively damp & gre5 pla9s ( ,bu5os ,ayres4 ,! /]ile pla9s ( ,m5doza & ,patagonia consi/ ( a b$ ( %+le1 worn smoo? & accumulat$ by ! waves ( ! sea :ile ! ,pampas1 cov]$ by ?i/les1 clov]1 & grass1 h be5 =m$ by ! anci5t e/u>y mud ( ! ,plata4 ,aft] our two days' t$i\s j\rney1 x 0 refre%+ to see 9 ! di/ance ! r[s ( popl>s & will[s gr[+ r\nd ! village & riv] ( ,luxan4 ,%ortly be=e we arriv$ at ?is place1 we obs]v$ to ! s\? a ragg$ cl\d ( d>k r$di%-br[n col\r4 ,at fir/ we ?\ght t x 0 smoke f "s great fire on ! pla9s2 b we soon f\nd t x 0 a sw>m ( locu/s4 ,!y 7 fly+ nor?w>d2 & ) ! aid ( a light breeze1 !y ov]took u at a rate ( t5 or fifte5 miles an h\r4 ,! ma9 body fill$ ! air f a height ( tw5ty feet1 to t1 z x appe>$1 ( two or ?ree ?\s& above ! gr\nd2 & ! s\nd ( _! w+s 0 z ! s\nd ( *>iots ( _m horses runn+ to battle3 or r1 ,i %\ld say1 l a /rong breeze pass+ ?r\gh ! rigg+ ( a %ip4 ,! sky1 se5 ?r\gh ! advanc$ gu>d1 appe>$ l a mezzot9to engrav+1 b ! ma9 body 0 imp]vi\s to sight2 !y 7 n1 h[ev]1 s ?ick toge!r1 b t !y c\ld escape a /ick wav$ backw>ds & =w>ds4 ,:5 !y alight$1 !y 7 m num]\s ?an ! leaves 9 ! field1 & ! surface became r$di% in/ead ( be+ gre53 ! sw>m hav+ once alight$1 ! individuals flew f side to side 9 all directions4 ,locu/s are n an uncommon pe/ 9 ?is c\ntry3 already dur+ ! season1 sev]al small] sw>ms _h come up f ! s\?1 :]e1 z app>5tly 9 all o!r p>ts ( ! _w1 !y are br$ 9 ! des]ts4 ,! poor cottag]s 9 va9 attempt$ by light+ fires1 by %\ts1 & by wav+ bran*es to av]t ! attack4 ,?is species ( locu/ closely resembles1 & p]haps is id5tical )1 ! fam\s ,gryllus migratorius ( ! ,ea/4 ,we cross$ ! ,luxan1 :i* is a riv] ( consid]able size1 ?\gh its c\rse t[>ds ! sea-coa/ is v imp]fectly kn[n3 x is ev5 d\btful :e!r1 9 pass+ ov] ! pla9s1 x is n evaporat$ & lo/4 ,we slept 9 ! village ( ,luxan1 :i* is a small place surr\nd$ by g>d5s1 & =ms ! mo/ s\!rn cultivat$ di/rict 9 ! ,prov9ce ( ,m5doza2 x is five leagues s\? ( ! capital4 ,at night ,i exp]i5c$ an attack 7= x des]ves no less a "n7 ( ! ,b5*uca1 a species ( ,r$uvius1 ! great black bug ( ! ,pampas4 ,x is mo/ disgu/+ to feel s(t w+less insects1 ab\t an in* long1 crawl+ ov] "o's body4 ,be=e suck+ !y are q ?91 b aft]w>ds !y become r\nd & bloat$ ) blood1 & 9 ?is /ate are easily cru%$4 ,"o :i* ,i caught at ,iquique1 7= !y are f\nd 9 ,*ile & ,p]u17 0 v empty4 ,:5 plac$ on a table1 & ?\gh surr\nd$ by p1 if a f+] 0 pres5t$1 ! bold insect w\ld imm$iately protrude its suck]1 make a *>ge1 & if all[$1 draw blood4 ,no pa9 0 caus$ by ! w\nd4 ,x 0 curi\s to wat* its body dur+ ! act ( suck+1 z 9 less ?an t5 m9utes x *ang$ f be+ z flat z a waf] to a globul> =m4 ,?is "o fea/1 = :i* ! b5*uca 0 indebt$ to "o ( ! (fic]s1 kept x fat dur+ f\r :ole mon?s2 b1 aft] ! fir/ =tnight1 x 0 q ready to h ano!r suck4 ,m>* #bg?4--,we rode on to ,m5doza4 ,! c\ntry 0 beautifully cultivat$1 & resembl$ ,*ile4 ,?is neighb\rhood is celebrat$ = its fruit2 & c]ta9ly no?+ c\ld appe> m fl\ri%+ ?an ! v9ey>ds & ! or*>ds ( figs1 pea*es1 & olives4 ,we b\ght wat]-melons ne>ly twice z l>ge z a man's head1 mo/ delici\sly cool & well-flav\r$1 = a halfp5ny apiece2 & = ! value ( ?reep5ce1 half a :eelb>r[ful ( pea*es4 ,! cultivat$ & enclos$ "p ( ?is prov9ce is v small2 !re is little m ?an t :i* we pass$ ?r\gh betwe5 ,luxan & ! capital4 ,! l&1 z 9 ,*ile1 owes its f]tility entirely to artificial irrigation2 & x is really wond]ful to obs]ve h[ extraord9>ily productive a b>r5 trav]sia is ?us r5d]$4 ,we /ay$ ! ensu+ day 9 ,m5doza4 ,! prosp]ity ( ! place has mu* decl9$ ( late ye>s4 ,! inhabitants say x is good to live 91 b v bad to gr[ ri* 94 ,! l[] ord]s h ! l\ng+1 reckless mann]s ( ! ,gau*os ( ! ,pampas2 & _! dress1 rid+-ge>1 & habits ( life1 are ne>ly ! same4 ,to my m9d ! t[n _h a /upid1 =lorn aspect4 ,nei!r ! boa/$ alam$a1 nor ! sc5]y1 is at all comp>able ) t ( ,santiago2 b to ^? :o1 com+ f ,bu5os ,ayres1 h j cross$ ! unv>i$ ,pampas1 ! g>d5s & or*>ds mu/ appe> delightful4 ,sir ,f4 ,head1 speak+ ( ! inhabitants1 says1 ,!y eat _! d9n]s1 & x is s v hot1 !y g to sleep--& c\ld !y d bett]8 ,i q agree ) ,sir ,f4 ,head3 ! happy doom ( ! ,m5doz9os is to eat1 sleep & be idle4 ,m>* #bi?4--,we set out on our return to ,*ile1 by ! ,uspallata pass situat$ nor? ( ,m5doza4 ,we _h to cross a long & mo/ /]ile trav]sia ( fifte5 leagues4 ,! soil 9 p>ts 0 absolutely b>e1 9 o!rs cov]$ by numb]less dw>f cacti1 arm$ ) =midable sp9es1 & call$ by ! inhabitants little lions4 ,!re 71 also1 a few l[ bu%es4 ,al?\gh ! pla9 is ne>ly ?ree ?\s& feet above ! sea1 ! sun 0 v p[]ful2 & ! heat z well z ! cl\ds ( impalpable du/1 r5d]$ ! travell+ extremely irksome4 ,our c\rse dur+ ! day lay ne>ly p>allel to ! ,cordill]a1 b gradually approa*+ !m4 ,be=e sunset we ent]$ "o ( ! wide valleys1 or r bays1 :i* op5 on ! pla93 ?is soon n>r[$ into a rav9e1 :]e a little high] up ! h\se ( ,villa ,vic5cio is situat$4 ,z we _h ridd5 all day )\t a drop ( wat]1 bo? our mules & selves 7 v ?ir/y1 & we look$ out anxi\sly = ! /ream :i* fl[s d[n ?is valley4 ,x 0 curi\s to obs]ve h[ gradually ! wat] made its appe>ance3 on ! pla9 ! c\rse 0 q dry2 by degrees x became a little damp]2 !n puddles ( wat] appe>$2 ^! soon became connect$2 & at ,villa ,vic5cio !re 0 a nice little rivulet4 #cj?4--,! solit>y hovel :i* be>s ! impos+ "n ( ,villa ,vic5cio1 has be5 m5tion$ by e travell] :o has cross$ ! ,&es4 ,i /ay$ "h & at "s neighb\r+ m9es dur+ ! two succe$+ days4 ,! geology ( ! surr\nd+ c\ntry is v curi\s4 ,! ,uspallata range is sep>at$ f ! ma9 ,cordill]a by a long n>r[ pla9 or bas91 l ^? s (t5 m5tion$ 9 ,*ile1 b high]1 be+ six ?\s& feet above ! sea4 ,?is range has ne>ly ! same geographical position ) respect to ! ,cordill]a1 :i* ! gigantic ,portillo l9e has1 b x is ( a totally diff]5t orig93 x consi/s ( v>i\s k9ds ( subm>9e lava1 alt]nat+ ) volcanic s&/ones & o!r rem>kable s$im5t>y deposits2 ! :ole hav+ a v close resemblance to "s ( ! t]ti>y b$s on ! %ores ( ! ,pacific4 ,f ?is resemblance ,i expect$ to f9d silicifi$ wood1 :i* is g5]ally *>act]i/ic ( ^? =mations4 ,i 0 gratifi$ 9 a v extraord9>y mann]4 ,9 ! c5tral "p ( ! range1 at an elevation ( ab\t sev5 ?\s& feet1 ,i obs]v$ on a b>e slope "s sn[-:ite project+ columns4 ,^! 7 petrifi$ trees1 elev5 be+ silicifi$1 & f ?irty to =ty conv]t$ into co>sely-cry/alliz$ :ite calc>e\s sp>4 ,!y 7 abruptly brok5 (f1 ! upright /umps project+ a few feet above ! gr\nd4 ,! trunks measur$ f ?ree to five feet ea* 9 circumf]5ce4 ,!y /ood a little way ap>t f ea* o!r1 b ! :ole =m$ "o gr\p4 ,mr4 ,rob]t ,br[n has be5 k9d en\gh to exam9e ! wood3 he says x belongs to ! fir tribe1 p>tak+ ( ! "* ( ! ,arauc>ian family1 b ) "s curi\s po9ts ( aff9ity ) ! yew4 ,! volcanic s&/one 9 :i* ! trees 7 emb$d$1 & f ! l[] "p ( :i* !y mu/ h sprung1 _h accumulat$ 9 successive ?9 lay]s ar\nd _! trunks2 & ! /one yet reta9$ ! impression ( ! b>k4 ,x requir$ little geological practice to int]pret ! m>vell\s /ory :i* ?is sc5e at once unfold$2 ?\gh ,i confess ,i 0 at fir/ s mu* a/oni%$ t ,i c\ld sc>cely believe ! pla9e/ evid5ce4 ,i saw ! spot :]e a clu/] ( f9e trees once wav$ _! bran*es on ! %ores ( ! ,atlantic1 :5 t ocean 7n[ driv5 back #gjj miles7 came to ! foot ( ! ,&es4 ,i saw t !y _h sprung f a volcanic soil :i* _h be5 rais$ above ! level ( ! sea1 & t subsequ5tly ?is dry l&1 ) its upright trees1 _h be5 let d[n into ! dep?s ( ! ocean4 ,9 ^! dep?s1 ! =m]ly dry l& 0 cov]$ by s$im5t>y b$s1 & ^! aga9 by enorm\s /reams ( subm>9e lava--"o su* mass atta9+ ! ?ickness ( a ?\s& feet2 & ^! deluges ( molt5 /one & aque\s deposits five times alt]nately _h be5 spread out4 ,! ocean :i* receiv$ su* ?ick masses1 mu/ h be5 pr(\ndly deep2 b aga9 ! subt]ranean =ces ex]t$ !mselves1 & ,i n[ beheld ! b$ ( t ocean1 =m+ a *a9 ( m\nta9s m ?an sev5 ?\s& feet 9 height4 ,nor _h ^? antagoni/ic =ces be5 dormant1 :i* are always at "w we>+ d[n ! surface ( ! l&2 ! great piles ( /rata _h be5 int]sect$ by _m wide valleys1 & ! trees n[ *ang$ into silex1 7 expos$ project+ f ! volcanic soil1 n[ *ang$ into rock1 :5ce =m]ly1 9 a gre5 & budd+ /ate1 !y _h rais$ _! l(ty heads4 ,n[1 all is utt]ly irreclaimable & des]t2 ev5 ! li*5 _c adh]e to ! /ony ca/s ( =m] trees4 ,va/1 & sc>cely compreh5sible z su* *anges mu/ ev] appe>1 yet !y h all occurr$ )9 a p]iod1 rec5t :5 comp>$ ) ! hi/ory ( ! ,cordill]a2 & ! ,cordill]a itself is absolutely mod]n z comp>$ ) _m ( ! fossilif]\s /rata ( ,europe & ,am]ica4 ,april #a/4--,we cross$ ! ,upsallata range1 & at night slept at ! cu/om-h\se--! only inhabit$ spot on ! pla94 ,%ortly be=e leav+ ! m\nta9s1 !re 0 a v extraord9>y view2 r$1 purple1 gre51 & q :ite s$im5t>y rocks1 alt]nat+ ) black lavas1 7 brok5 up & ?r[n into all k9ds ( disord] by masses ( porphyry ( e %ade ( col\r1 f d>k br[n to ! brighte/ lilac4 ,x 0 ! fir/ view ,i ev] saw1 :i* really resembl$ ^? pretty sections :i* geologi/s make ( ! inside ( ! e>?4 ,! next day we cross$ ! pla91 & foll[$ ! c\rse ( ! same great m\nta9 /ream :i* fl[s by ,luxan4 ,"h x 0 a furi\s torr5t1 q impassable1 & appe>$ l>g] ?an 9 ! l[ c\ntry1 z 0 ! case ) ! rivulet ( ,villa ,vic5cio4 ,on ! ev5+ ( ! succe$+ day1 we rea*$ ! ,rio de las ,vacas1 :i* is consid]$ ! wor/ /ream 9 ! ,cordill]a to cross4 ,z all ^! riv]s h a rapid & %ort c\rse1 & are =m$ by ! melt+ ( ! sn[1 ! h\r ( ! day makes a consid]able diff]5ce 9 _! volume4 ,9 ! ev5+ ! /ream is muddy & full1 b ab\t daybreak x becomes cle>]1 & mu* less impetu\s4 ,?is we f\nd to be ! case ) ! ,rio ,vacas1 & 9 ! morn+ we cross$ x ) little difficulty4 ,! sc5]y ?us f> 0 v un9t]e/+1 comp>$ ) t ( ! ,portillo pass4 ,little c be se5 beyond ! b>e walls ( ! "o gr& flat-bottom$ valley1 :i* ! road foll[s up to ! highe/ cre/4 ,! valley & ! huge rocky m\nta9s are extremely b>r53 dur+ ! two previ\s nights ! poor mules _h absolutely no?+ to eat1 = except+ a few l[ res9\s bu%es1 sc>cely a plant c be se54 ,9 ! c\rse ( ?is day we cross$ "s ( ! wor/ passes 9 ! ,cordill]a1 b _! dang] has be5 mu* exagg]at$4 ,i 0 told t if ,i attempt$ to pass on foot1 my head w\ld turn giddy1 & t !re 0 no room to dism\nt2 b ,i did n see a place :]e any "o might n h walk$ ov] backw>ds1 or got (f 8 mule on ei!r side4 ,"o ( ! bad passes1 call$ las ,animas 7! s\ls71 ,i _h cross$1 & did n f9d out till a day aft]w>ds1 t x 0 "o ( ! awful dang]s4 ,no d\bt !re are _m p>ts 9 :i*1 if ! mule %\ld /umble1 ! rid] w\ld be hurl$ d[n a great precipice2 b ( ?is !re is little *ance4 ,i d>e say1 9 ! spr+1 ! lad]as1 or roads1 :i* ea* ye> are =m$ anew across ! piles ( fall5 detritus1 are v bad2 b f :at ,i saw1 ,i suspect ! real dang] is no?+4 ,) c>go-mules ! case is r diff]5t1 = ! loads project s f>1 t ! animals1 occasionally runn+ aga9/ ea* o!r1 or aga9/ a po9t ( rock1 lose _! balance1 & are ?r[n d[n ! precipices4 ,9 cross+ ! riv]s ,i c well believe t ! difficulty may be v great3 at ?is season !re 0 little tr\ble1 b 9 ! summ] !y mu/ be v haz>d\s4 ,i c q imag9e1 z ,sir ,f4 ,head describes1 ! diff]5t expressions ( ^? :o h pass$ ! gulf1 & ^? :o are pass+4 ,i nev] he>d ( any man be+ dr[n$1 b ) load$ mules x frequ5tly happ5s4 ,! arri]o tells y to %[ y\r mule ! be/ l9e1 & !n all[ h] to cross z %e likes3 ! c>go-mule takes a bad l9e1 & is (t5 lo/4 ,april #d?4--,f ! ,rio de las ,vacas to ! ,pu5te del ,incas1 half a day's j\rney4 ,z !re 0 pa/ure = ! mules1 & geology = me1 we biv\ack$ "h = ! night4 ,:5 "o he>s ( a natural ,bridge1 "o pictures to "o's self "s deep & n>r[ rav9e1 across :i* a bold mass ( rock has fall52 or a great ar* holl[$ out l ! vault ( a cav]n4 ,in/ead ( ?is1 ! ,incas ,bridge consi/s ( a cru/ ( /ratifi$ %+le cem5t$ toge!r by ! deposits ( ! neighb\r+ hot spr+s4 ,x appe>s1 z if ! /ream _h scoop$ out a *annel on "o side1 leav+ an ov]hang+ l$ge1 :i* 0 met by e>? & /ones fall+ d[n f ! opposite cliff4 ,c]ta9ly an oblique junction1 z w\ld happ5 9 su* a case1 0 v di/9ct on "o side4 ,! ,bridge ( ! ,incas is by no means wor?y ( ! great mon>*s ^: "n x be>s4 #e?4--,we _h a long day's ride across ! c5tral ridge1 f ! ,incas ,bridge to ! ,ojos del ,agua1 :i* are situat$ ne> ! l[e/ casu*a on ! ,*ilian side4 ,^! casu*as are r\nd little t[]s1 ) /eps outside to rea* ! floor1 :i* is rais$ "s feet above ! gr\nd on acc\nt ( ! sn[-drifts4 ,!y are eight 9 numb]1 & "u ! ,spani% gov]nm5t 7 kept dur+ ! w9t] well /or$ ) food & *>coal1 & ea* c\ri] _h a ma/]-key4 ,n[ !y only answ] ! purpose ( caves1 or r dungeons4 ,seat$ on "s little em95ce1 !y are n1 h[ev]1 ill suit$ to ! surr\nd+ sc5e ( desolation4 ,! zigzag asc5t ( ! ,cumbre1 or ! p>tition ( ! wat]s1 0 v /eep & t$i\s2 its height1 accord+ to ,mr4 ,p5tl&1 is #ab1ded feet4 ,! road did n pass ov] any p]petual sn[1 al?\gh !re 7 pat*es ( x on bo? h&s4 ,! w9d on ! summit 0 exce$+ly cold1 b x 0 impossible n to /op = a few m9utes to admire1 aga9 & aga91 ! col\r ( ! heav5s1 & ! brilliant transp>5cy ( ! atmosph]e4 ,! sc5]y 0 gr&3 to ! we/w>d !re 0 a f9e *aos ( m\nta9s1 divid$ by pr(\nd rav9es4 ,"s sn[ g5]ally falls be=e ?is p]iod ( ! season1 & x has ev5 happ5$ t ! ,cordill]a h be5 f9ally clos$ by ?is "t4 ,b we 7 mo/ =tunate4 ,! sky1 by night & by day1 0 cl\dless1 except+ a few r\nd little masses ( vap\r1 t float$ ov] ! highe/ p9nacles4 ,i h (t5 se5 ^! islets 9 ! sky1 m>k+ ! position ( ! ,cordill]a1 :5 ! f>-di/ant m\nta9s h be5 hidd5 b5ea? ! horizon4 ,april #f?4--,9 ! morn+ we f\nd "s ?ief _h /ol5 "o ( our mules1 & ! bell ( ! madr9a4 ,we !re=e rode only two or ?ree miles d[n ! valley1 & /ay$ !re ! ensu+ day 9 hopes ( recov]+ ! mule1 :i* ! arri]o ?\ght _h be5 hidd5 9 "s rav9e4 ,! sc5]y 9 ?is "p _h assum$ a ,*ilian "*3 ! l[] sides ( ! m\nta9s1 dott$ ov] ) ! pale ev]gre5 ,quillay tree1 & ) ! great *&eli]-l cactus1 are c]ta9ly m to be admir$ ?an ! b>e ea/]n valleys2 b ,i _c q agree ) ! admiration express$ by "s travell]s4 ,! extreme pleasure1 ,i suspect1 is *iefly ow+ to ! prospect ( a good fire & ( a good supp]1 aft] escap+ f ! cold regions above3 & ,i am sure ,i mo/ he>tily p>ticipat$ 9 ^! feel+s4 #h?4--,we left ! valley ( ! ,aconcagua1 by :i* we _h desc5d$1 & rea*$ 9 ! ev5+ a cottage ne> ! ,villa del ,/4 ,rosa4 ,! f]tility ( ! pla9 0 delightful3 ! autumn be+ advanc$1 ! leaves ( _m ( ! fruit-trees 7 fall+2 & ( ! lab\r]s1--"s 7 busy 9 dry+ figs & pea*es on ! ro(s ( _! cottages1 :ile o!rs 7 ga!r+ ! grapes f ! v9ey>ds4 ,x 0 a pretty sc5e2 b ,i miss$ t p5sive /illness :i* makes ! autumn 9 ,engl& inde$ ! ev5+ ( ! ye>4 ,on ! #aj? we rea*$ ,santiago1 :]e ,i receiv$ a v k9d & hospitable reception f ,mr4 ,caldcleugh4 ,my excursion only co/ me tw5ty-f\r days1 & nev] did ,i m deeply enjoy an equal space ( "t4 ,a few days aft]w>ds ,i return$ to ,mr4 ,corfield's h\se at ,valp>aiso4 #a ,scoresby's ,arctic ,regions1 vol4 i4 p4 #abb4 #b ,i h he>d x rem>k$ 9 ,%rop%ire t ! wat]1 :5 ! ,sev]n is flood$ f long-cont9u$ ra91 is mu* m turbid ?an :5 x proce$s f ! sn[ melt+ 9 ! ,wel% m\nta9s4 ,d',orbigny 7tom4 i4 p4 #ahd71 9 expla9+ ! cause ( ! v>i\s col\rs ( ! riv]s 9 ,s\? ,am]ica1 rem>ks t ^? ) blue or cle> wat] h !re s\rce 9 ! ,cordill]a1 :]e ! sn[ melts4 #c ,dr4 ,gillies 9 ,j\rn4 ( ,nat4 & ,geograph4 ,sci5ce1 ,aug41 #ahcj4 ,?is au?or gives ! heights ( ! ,passes4 #d ,?is /ructure 9 froz5 sn[ 0 long s9ce obs]v$ by ,scoresby 9 ! iceb]gs ne> ,spitzb]g51 &1 lately1 ) m c>e1 by ,colonel ,jackson 7,j\rn4 ( ,geograph4 ,soc41 vol4 v4 p4 #ab7 on ! ,neva4 ,mr4 ,lyell 7,pr9ciples1 vol4 iv4 p4 #cfj7 has comp>$ ! fissures by :i* ! column> /ructure seems to be det]m9$1 to ! jo9ts t trav]se ne>ly all rocks1 b :i* are be/ se5 9 ! non-/ratifi$ masses4 ,i may obs]ve1 t 9 ! case ( ! froz5 sn[1 ! column> /ructure mu/ be ow+ to a metamorphic action1 & n to a process dur+ deposition4 #e ,?is is m]ely an illu/ration ( ! admirable laws1 fir/ laid d[n by ,mr4 ,lyell1 on ! geographical di/ribution ( animals1 z influ5c$ by geological *anges4 ,! :ole reason+1 ( c\rse1 is f\nd$ on ! assumption ( ! immutability ( species2 o!rwise ! diff]5ce 9 ! species 9 ! two regions might be consid]$ z sup]9duc$ dur+ a l5g? ( "t4 ,,*apt] ,,xvi ,,nor!rn ,,*ile ,,& ,,p]u ,coa/-road to ,coquimbo--,great ,loads c>ri$ by ! ,m9]s--,coquimbo--,e>?quake--,/ep-=m$ ,t]race--,abs5ce ( rec5t ,deposits--,contemporane\sness ( ! ,t]ti>y ,=mations--,excursion up ! ,valley--,road to ,guasco--,des]ts--,valley ( ,copiapo--,ra9 & ,e>?quakes--,hydrophobia--,! ,despoblado--,indian ,ru9s--,probable ,*ange ( ,climate--,riv]-b$ ar*$ by an ,e>?quake--,cold ,gales ( ,w9d--,noises f a ,hill--,iquique--,salt ,alluvium--,nitrate ( ,soda--,lima--,unheal?y ,c\ntry--,ru9s ( ,callao1 ov]?r[n by an ,e>?quake--,rec5t ,subsid5ce--,elevat$ ,%ells on ,san ,lor5zo1 _! decomposition--,pla9 ) emb$d$ ,%ells & fragm5ts ( ,pott]y--,antiquity ( ! ,indian ,race4 ,,april #bg?4--,i set out on a j\rney to ,coquimbo1 & !nce ?r\gh ,guasco to ,copiapo1 :]e ,capta9 ,fitz ,roy k9dly (f]$ to pick me up 9 ! ,beagle4 ,! di/ance 9 a /raight l9e along ! %ore nor?w>d is only #dbj miles2 b my mode ( travell+ made x a v long j\rney4 ,i b\ght f\r horses & two mules1 ! latt] c>ry+ ! luggage on alt]nate days4 ,! six animals toge!r only co/ ! value ( tw5ty-five p\nds /]l+1 & at ,copiapo ,i sold !m aga9 = tw5ty-?ree4 ,we travell$ 9 ! same indep5d5t mann] z be=e1 cook+ our own meals1 & sleep+ 9 ! op5 air4 ,z we rode t[>ds ! ,v9o del ,m>1 ,i took a f>ewell view ( ,valp>aiso1 & admir$ its picturesque appe>ance4 ,= geological purposes ,i made a det\r f ! high road to ! foot ( ! ,bell ( ,quillota4 ,we pass$ ?r\gh an alluvial di/rict ri* 9 gold1 to ! neighb\rhood ( ,lima*e1 :]e we slept4 ,wa%+ = gold supports ! inhabitants ( num]\s hovels1 scatt]$ along ! sides ( ea* little rivulet2 b1 l all ^? ^: ga9s are unc]ta91 !y are un?rifty 9 all _! habits1 & consequ5tly poor4 #bh?4--,9 ! aft]noon we arriv$ at a cottage at ! foot ( ! ,bell m\nta94 ,! inhabitants 7 freehold]s1 :i* is n v usual 9 ,*ile4 ,!y support$ !mselves on ! produce ( a g>d5 & a little field1 b 7 v poor4 ,capital is "h s defici5t1 t ! p are oblig$ to sell _! gre5 corn :ile /&+ 9 ! field1 9 ord] to buy necess>ies = ! ensu+ ye>4 ,:eat 9 consequ5ce 0 de>] 9 ! v di/rict ( its production ?an at ,valp>aiso1 :]e ! contractors live4 ,! next day we jo9$ ! ma9 road to ,coquimbo4 ,at night !re 0 a v light %[] ( ra93 ?is 0 ! fir/ drop t _h fall5 s9ce ! heavy ra9 ( ,septemb] #aa? & #ab?1 :i* deta9$ me a prison] at ! ,ba?s ( ,cauqu5es4 ,! int]val 0 sev5 & a half mon?s2 b ! ra9 ?is ye> 9 ,*ile 0 r lat] ?an usual4 ,! di/ant ,&es 7 n[ cov]$ by a ?ick mass ( sn[1 & 7 a glori\s sight4 ,may #bnd4--,! road cont9u$ to foll[ ! coa/1 at no great di/ance f ! sea4 ,! few trees & bu%es :i* are common 9 c5tral ,*ile decreas$ rapidly 9 numb]s1 & 7 replac$ by a tall plant1 some?+ l a yucca 9 appe>ance4 ,! surface ( ! c\ntry1 on a small scale1 0 s+ul>ly brok5 & irregul>2 abrupt little peaks ( rock ris+ out ( small pla9s or bas9s4 ,! ind5t$ coa/ & ! bottom ( ! neighb\r+ sea1 /udd$ ) break]s1 w\ld1 if conv]t$ into dry l&1 pres5t simil> =ms2 & su* a conv]sion )\t d\bt has tak5 place 9 ! "p ov] :i* we rode4 #crd4--,quilim>i to ,con*alee4 ,! c\ntry became m & m b>r54 ,9 ! valleys !re 0 sc>cely suffici5t wat] = any irrigation2 & ! int]m$iate l& 0 q b>e1 n support+ ev5 goats4 ,9 ! spr+1 aft] ! w9t] %[]s1 a ?9 pa/ure rapidly spr+s up1 & cattle are !n driv5 d[n f ! ,cordill]a to graze = a %ort "t4 ,x is curi\s to obs]ve h[ ! se$s ( ! grass & o!r plants seem to accommodate !mselves1 z if by an acquir$ habit1 to ! quantity ( ra9 :i* falls ^u diff]5t p>ts ( ?is coa/4 ,"o %[] f> nor?w>d at ,copiapo produces z great an effect on ! vegetation1 z two at ,guasco1 & ?ree or f\r 9 ?is di/rict4 ,at ,valp>aiso a w9t] s dry z greatly to injure ! pa/ure1 w\ld at ,guasco produce ! mo/ unusual abundance4 ,proce$+ nor?w>d1 ! quantity ( ra9 does n appe> to decrease 9 /rict proportion to ! latitude4 ,at ,con*alee1 :i* is only #fg miles nor? ( ,valp>aiso1 ra9 is n expect$ till ! end ( ,may2 :]eas at ,valp>aiso "s g5]ally falls e>ly 9 ,april3 ! annual quantity is likewise small 9 proportion to ! lat5ess ( ! season at :i* x comm5ces4 #d?4--,f9d+ ! coa/-road devoid ( int]e/ ( any k9d1 we turn$ inl& t[>ds ! m9+ di/rict & valley ( ,illapel4 ,?is valley1 l e o!r 9 ,*ile1 is level1 broad1 & v f]tile3 x is bord]$ on ea* side1 ei!r by cliffs ( /ratifi$ %+le1 or by b>e rocky m\nta9s4 ,above ! /raight l9e ( ! upp]mo/ irrigat+ dit*1 all is br[n z on a high road2 :ile all bel[ is ( z bright a gre5 z v]digris1 f ! b$s ( alfalfa1 a k9d ( clov]4 ,we proce$$ to ,los ,hornos1 ano!r m9+ di/rict1 :]e ! pr9cipal hill 0 drill$ ) holes1 l a great ants'-ne/4 ,! ,*ilian m9]s are a peculi> race ( m5 9 _! habits4 ,liv+ = weeks toge!r 9 ! mo/ desolate spots1 :5 !y desc5d to ! villages on fea/-days1 !re is no excess ( extravagance into :i* !y d n run4 ,!y sometimes ga9 a consid]able sum1 & !n1 l sailors ) prize-money1 !y try h[ soon !y c contrive to squ&] x4 ,!y dr9k excessively1 buy quantities ( clo!s1 & 9 a few days return p5niless to _! mis]able abodes1 !re to "w h>d] ?an bea/s ( burd54 ,?is ?\ghtlessness1 z ) sailors1 is evid5tly ! result ( a simil> mann] ( life4 ,_! daily food is f\nd !m1 & !y acquire no habits ( c>efulness3 moreov]1 temptation & ! means ( yield+ to x are plac$ 9 _! p[] at ! same "t4 ,on ! o!r h&1 9 ,cornwall1 & "s o!r p>ts ( ,engl&1 :]e ! sy/em ( sell+ "p ( ! ve9 is foll[$1 ! m9]s1 f be+ oblig$ to act & ?9k = !mselves1 are a s+ul>ly intellig5t & well-conduct$ set ( m54 ,! dress ( ! ,*ilian m9] is peculi> & r picturesque ,he we>s a v long %irt ( "s d>k-col\r$ baize1 ) a lea!rn apron2 ! :ole be+ fa/5$ r\nd 8 wai/ by a bright-col\r$ sa%4 ,8 tr\s]s are v broad1 & 8 small cap ( sc>let clo? is made to fit ! head closely4 ,we met a p>ty ( ^! m9]s 9 full co/ume1 c>ry+ ! body ( "o ( _! companions to be buri$4 ,!y m>*$ at a v quick trot1 f\r m5 support+ ! corpse4 ,"o set hav+ run z h>d z !y c\ld = ab\t two hundr$ y>ds1 7 reliev$ by f\r o!rs1 :o _h previ\sly da%$ on ahead on horseback4 ,?us !y proce$$1 enc\rag+ ea* o!r by wild cries3 altoge!r ! sc5e =m$ a mo/ /range fun]al4 ,we cont9u$ travell+ nor?w>d1 9 a zigzag l9e2 sometimes /opp+ a day to geologize4 ,! c\ntry 0 s ?9ly inhabit$1 & ! track s obscure1 t we (t5 _h difficulty 9 f9d+ our way4 ,on ! #ab? ,i /ay$ at "s m9es4 ,! ore 9 ?is case 0 n consid]$ p>ticul>ly good1 b f be+ abundant x 0 suppos$ ! m9e w\ld sell = ab\t ?irty or =ty ?\s& doll>s 7t is1 #fjjj or #hjjj p\nds /]l+72 yet x _h be5 b\ght by "o ( ! ,engli% ,associations = an ounce ( gold 7#cl4 #hs474 ,! ore is yell[ pyrites1 :i*1 z ,i h already rem>k$1 be=e ! arrival ( ! ,engli%1 0 n suppos$ to conta9 a p>ticle ( copp]4 ,on a scale ( pr(its ne>ly z great z 9 ! above in/ance1 piles ( c9d]s1 ab\nd+ ) m9ute globules ( metallic copp]1 7 pur*as$2 yet ) ^! advantages1 ! m9+ associations1 z is well kn[n1 contriv$ to lose imm5se sums ( money4 ,! folly ( ! great] numb] ( ! commission]s & %>ehold]s am\nt$ to infatuation2--a ?\s& p\nds p] annum giv5 9 "s cases to ent]ta9 ! ,*ilian au?orities2 libr>ies ( well-b\nd geological books2 m9]s br\ght out = p>ticul> metals1 z t91 :i* are n f\nd 9 ,*ile2 contracts to supply ! m9]s ) milk1 9 p>ts :]e !re are no c[s2 ma*9]y1 :]e x c\ld n possibly be us$2 & a hundr$ simil> arrangem5ts1 bore witness to our absurdity1 & to ?is day af=d amusem5t to ! natives4 ,yet !re c be no d\bt1 t ! same capital well employ$ 9 ^! m9es w\ld h yield$ an imm5se return1 a confid5tial man ( bus9ess1 a practical m9] & assay]1 w\ld h be5 all t 0 requir$4 ,capta9 ,head has describ$ ! wond]ful load :i* ! ,apires1 truly bea/s ( burd51 c>ry up f ! deepe/ m9es4 ,i confess ,i ?\ght ! acc\nt exagg]at$3 s t ,i 0 glad to take an opportunity ( weigh+ "o ( ! loads1 :i* ,i pick$ out by haz>d4 ,x requir$ consid]able ex]tion on my "p1 :5 /&+ directly ov] x1 to lift x f ! gr\nd4 ,! load 0 consid]$ "u weight :5 f\nd to be #aig p\nds4 ,! apire _h c>ri$ ?is up eighty p]p5dicul> y>ds1--"p ( ! way by a /eep passage1 b ! great] "p up not*$ poles1 plac$ 9 a zigzag l9e up ! %aft4 ,accord+ to ! g5]al regulation1 ! apire is n all[$ to halt = brea?1 except ! m9e is six hundr$ feet deep4 ,! av]age load is consid]$ z r m ?an #bjj p\nds1 & ,i h be5 assur$ t "o ( #cjj p\nds 7tw5ty-two /one & a half7 by way ( a trial has be5 br\ght up f ! deepe/ m9e6 ,at ?is "t ! apires 7 br++ up ! usual load twelve times 9 ! day2 t is #bdjj p\nds f eighty y>ds deep2 & !y 7 employ$ 9 ! int]vals 9 break+ & pick+ ore4 ,^! m51 except+ f accid5ts1 are heal?y1 & appe> *e]ful4 ,_! bodies are n v muscul>4 ,!y r>ely eat meat once a week1 & nev] (t5]1 & !n only ! h>d dry *>qui4 ,al?\gh ) a k t ! lab\r 0 volunt>y1 x 0 nev]!less q revolt+ to see ! /ate 9 :i* !y rea*$ ! m\? ( ! m9e2 _! bodies b5t =w>d1 lean+ ) _! arms on ! /eps1 _! legs b[$1 _! muscles quiv]+1 ! p]spiration /ream+ f _! faces ov] _! brea/s1 _! no/rils di/5d$1 ! corn]s ( _! m\? =cibly drawn back1 & ! expulsion ( _! brea? mo/ labori\s4 ,ea* "t !y draw _! brea?1 !y utt] an articulate cry ( ay-ay1 :i* ends 9 a s\nd ris+ f deep 9 ! *e/1 b %rill l ! note ( a fife4 ,aft] /agg]+ to ! pile ( ore1 !y empti$ ! c>pa*o2 9 two or ?ree seconds recov]+ _! brea?1 !y wip$ ! sweat f _! br[s1 & app>5tly q fre% desc5d$ ! m9e aga9 at a quick pace4 ,?is appe>s to me a wond]ful in/ance ( ! am\nt ( lab\r :i* habit1 = x c be no?+ else1 w enable a man to endure4 ,9 ! ev5+1 talk+ ) ! mayor-domo ( ^! m9es ab\t ! numb] ( =eign]s n[ scatt]$ ov] ! :ole c\ntry1 he told me t1 ?\gh q a "y man1 he rememb]s :5 he 0 a boy at s*ool at ,coquimbo1 a holiday be+ giv5 to see ! capta9 ( an ,engli% %ip1 :o 0 br\ght to ! city to speak to ! gov]nor4 ,he believes t no?+ w\ld h induc$ any boy 9 ! s*ool1 himself includ$1 to h gone close to ! ,engli%man2 s deeply _h !y be5 impress$ ) an idea ( ! h]esy1 contam9ation1 & evil to be d]iv$ f contact ) su* a p]son4 ,to ?is day !y relate ! atroci\s actions ( ! bucani]s2 & especially ( "o man1 :o took away ! figure ( ! ,virg9 ,m>y1 & return$ ! ye> aft] = t ( ,/4 ,joseph1 say+ x 0 a pity ! lady %\ld n h a husb&4 ,i he>d also ( an old lady :o1 at a d9n] at ,coquimbo1 rem>k$ h[ wond]fully /range x 0 t %e %\ld h liv$ to d9e 9 ! same room ) an ,engli%man2 = %e rememb]$ z a girl1 t twice1 at ! m]e cry ( ,los ,+leses1 e s\l1 c>ry+ :at valuables !y c\ld1 _h tak5 to ! m\nta9s4 #ad?4--,we rea*$ ,coquimbo1 :]e we /ay$ a few days4 ,! t[n is rem>kable = no?+ b its extreme quietness4 ,x is said to conta9 f #fjjj to #hjjj inhabitants4 ,on ! morn+ ( ! #ag? x ra9$ lightly1 ! fir/ "t ?is ye>1 = ab\t five h\rs4 ,! f>m]s1 :o plant corn ne> ! sea-coa/ :]e ! atmosph]e is mo/ humid1 tak+ advantage ( ?is %[]1 w\ld break up ! gr\nd2 aft] a second !y w\ld put ! se$ 92 & if a ?ird %[] %\ld fall1 !y w\ld reap a good h>ve/ 9 ! spr+4 ,x 0 int]e/+ to wat* ! effect ( ?is trifl+ am\nt ( moi/ure4 ,twelve h\rs aft]w>ds ! gr\nd appe>$ z dry z ev]2 yet aft] an int]val ( t5 days1 all ! hills 7 fa9tly t+$ ) gre5 pat*es2 ! grass be+ sp>+ly scatt]$ 9 hair-l fibres a full in* 9 l5g?4 ,be=e ?is %[] e "p ( ! surface 0 b>e z on a high road4 ,9 ! ev5+1 ,capta9 ,fitz ,roy & myself 7 d9+ ) ,mr4 ,edw>ds1 an ,engli% resid5t well kn[n = 8 hospitality by all :o h visit$ ,coquimbo1 :5 a %>p e>?quake happ5$4 ,i he>d ! =ecom+ rumble1 b f ! screams ( ! ladies1 ! runn+ ( ! s]vants1 & ! ru% ( sev]al ( ! g5tlem5 to ! doorway1 ,i c\ld n di/+ui% ! motion4 ,"s ( ! wom5 aft]w>ds 7 cry+ ) t]ror1 & "o g5tleman said he %\ld n be able to sleep all night1 or if he did1 x w\ld only be to dream ( fall+ h\ses4 ,! fa!r ( ?is p]son _h lately lo/ all 8 prop]ty at ,talcahuano1 & he himself _h only j escap$ a fall+ ro( at ,valp>aiso1 9 #ahbb4 ,he m5tion$ a curi\s co9cid5ce :i* !n happ5$3 he 0 play+ at c>ds1 :5 a ,g]man1 "o ( ! p>ty1 got up1 & said he w\ld nev] sit 9 a room 9 ^! c\ntries ) ! door %ut1 z ow+ to 8 hav+ done s1 he _h ne>ly lo/ 8 life at ,copiapo4 ,accord+ly he op5$ ! door2 & no soon] _h he done ?is1 ?an he cri$ out1 ,"h x comes aga96 & ! fam\s %ock comm5c$4 ,! :ole p>ty escap$4 ,! dang] 9 an e>?quake is n f ! "t lo/ 9 op5+ ! door1 b f ! *ance ( its becom+ jamm$ by ! movem5t ( ! walls4 ,x is impossible to be mu* surpris$ at ! fe> :i* natives & old resid5ts1 ?\gh "s ( !m kn[n to be m5 ( great comm& ( m9d1 s g5]ally exp]i5ce dur+ e>?quakes4 ,i ?9k1 h[ev]1 ?is excess ( panic may be p>tly attribut$ to a want ( habit 9 gov]n+ _! fe>1 z x is n a feel+ !y are a%am$ (4 ,inde$1 ! natives d n l to see a p]son indiff]5t4 ,i he>d ( two ,engli%m5 :o1 sleep+ 9 ! op5 air dur+ a sm>t %ock1 kn[+ t !re 0 no dang]1 did n rise4 ,! natives cri$ out indignantly1 ,look at ^? h]etics1 !y d n ev5 get out ( _! b$s6 ,i sp5t "s days 9 exam9+ ! /ep-=m$ t]races ( %+le1 fir/ notic$ by ,capta9 ,b4 ,hall1 & believ$ by ,mr4 ,lyell to h be5 =m$ by ! sea1 dur+ ! gradual ris+ ( ! l&4 ,?is c]ta9ly is ! true explanation1 = ,i f\nd num]\s %ells ( exi/+ species on ^! t]races4 ,five n>r[1 g5tly slop+1 fr+e-l t]races rise "o beh9d ! o!r1 & :]e be/ develop$ are =m$ ( %+le3 !y front ! bay1 & sweep up bo? sides ( ! valley4 ,at ,guasco1 nor? ( ,coquimbo1 ! ph5om5on is display$ on a mu* gr&] scale1 s z to /rike ) surprise ev5 "s ( ! inhabitants4 ,! t]races are !re mu* broad]1 & may be call$ pla9s1 9 "s p>ts !re are six ( !m1 b g5]ally only five2 !y run up ! valley = ?irty-sev5 miles f ! coa/4 ,^! /ep-=m$ t]races or fr+es closely resemble ^? 9 ! valley ( ,s4 ,cruz1 &1 except 9 be+ on a small] scale1 ^? great ones along ! :ole coa/-l9e ( ,patagonia4 ,!y h und\bt$ly be5 =m$ by ! d5ud+ p[] ( ! sea1 dur+ long p]iods ( re/ 9 ! gradual elevation ( ! cont95t4 ,%ells ( _m exi/+ species n only lie on ! surface ( ! t]races at ,coquimbo 7to a height ( #bej feet71 b are emb$d$ 9 a friable calc>e\s rock1 :i* 9 "s places is z mu* z betwe5 tw5ty & ?irty feet 9 ?ickness1 b is ( little ext5t4 ,^! mod]n b$s re/ on an anci5t t]ti>y =mation conta9+ %ells1 app>5tly all ext9ct4 ,al?\gh ,i exam9$ s _m hundr$ miles ( coa/ on ! ,pacific1 z well z ,atlantic side ( ! cont95t1 ,i f\nd no regul> /rata conta9+ sea-%ells ( rec5t species1 except+ at ?is place1 & at a few po9ts nor?w>d on ! road to ,guasco4 ,?is fact appe>s to me highly rem>kable2 = ! explanation g5]ally giv5 by geologi/s1 ( ! abs5ce 9 any di/rict ( /ratifi$ fossilif]\s deposits ( a giv5 p]iod1 namely1 t ! surface !n exi/$ z dry l&1 is n "h applicable2 = we "k f ! %ells /rew$ on ! surface & emb$d$ 9 loose s& or m\ld t ! l& = ?\s&s ( miles along bo? coa/s has lately be5 subm]g$4 ,! explanation1 no d\bt1 mu/ be s\ght 9 ! fact1 t ! :ole s\!rn "p ( ! cont95t has be5 = a long "t sl[ly ris+2 & !re=e t all matt] deposit$ along %ore 9 %all[ wat]1 mu/ h be5 soon br\ght up & sl[ly expos$ to ! we>+ action ( ! sea-bea*2 & x is only 9 comp>atively %all[ wat] t ! great] numb] ( m>9e organic be+s c fl\ri%1 & 9 su* wat] x is obvi\sly impossible t /rata ( any great ?ickness c accumulate4 ,to %[ ! va/ p[] ( ! we>+ action ( sea-bea*es1 we ne$ only appeal to ! great cliffs along ! pres5t coa/ ( ,patagonia1 & to ! esc>pm5ts or anci5t sea-cliffs at diff]5t levels1 "o above ano!r1 on t same l9e ( coa/4 ,! old und]ly+ t]ti>y =mation at ,coquimbo1 appe>s to be ( ab\t ! same age ) sev]al deposits on ! coa/ ( ,*ile 7( :i* t ( ,nav$ad is ! pr9cipal "o71 & ) ! great =mation ( ,patagonia4 ,bo? at ,nav$ad & 9 ,patagonia !re is evid5ce1 t s9ce ! %ells 7a li/ ( :i* has be5 se5 by ,pr(essor ,e4 ,=bes7 !re entomb$ 7 liv+1 !re has be5 a subsid5ce ( sev]al hundr$ feet1 z well z an ensu+ elevation4 ,x may naturally be ask$1 h[ x comes t1 al?\gh no ext5sive fossilif]\s deposits ( ! rec5t p]iod1 nor ( any p]iod int]m$iate betwe5 x & ! anci5t t]ti>y epo*1 h be5 pres]v$ on ei!r side ( ! cont95t1 yet t at ?is anci5t t]ti>y epo*1 s$im5t>y matt] conta9+ fossil rema9s1 %\ld h be5 deposit$ & pres]v$ at diff]5t po9ts 9 nor? & s\? l9es1 ov] a space ( #aajj miles on ! %ores ( ! ,pacific1 & ( at lea/ #acej miles on ! %ores ( ! ,atlantic1 & 9 an ea/ & we/ l9e ( #gjj miles across ! wide/ "p ( ! cont95t8 ,i believe ! explanation is n difficult1 & t x is p]haps applicable to ne>ly analog\s facts obs]v$ 9 o!r qu>t]s ( ! _w4 ,consid]+ ! enorm\s p[] ( d5udation :i* ! sea possesses1 z %[n by numb]less facts1 x is n probable t a s$im5t>y deposit1 :5 be+ uprais$1 c\ld pass ?r\gh ! ordeal ( ! bea*1 s z to be pres]v$ 9 suffici5t masses to la/ to a di/ant p]iod1 )\t x 7 orig9ally ( wide ext5t & ( consid]able ?ickness3 n[ x is impossible on a mod]ately %all[ bottom1 :i* alone is fav\rable to mo/ liv+ creatures1 t a ?ick & widely ext5d$ cov]+ ( s$im5t c\ld be spread out1 )\t ! bottom sank d[n to receive ! successive lay]s4 ,?is seems to h actually tak5 place at ab\t ! same p]iod 9 s\!rn ,patagonia & ,*ile1 ?\gh ^! places are a ?\s& miles ap>t4 ,h5ce1 if prolong$ movem5ts ( approximately contemporane\s subsid5ce are g5]ally widely ext5sive1 z ,i am /rongly incl9$ to believe f my exam9ation ( ! ,coral ,reefs ( ! great oceans--or if1 conf9+ our view to ,s\? ,am]ica1 ! subsid+ movem5ts h be5 co-ext5sive ) ^? ( elevation1 by :i*1 )9 ! same p]iod ( exi/+ %ells1 ! %ores ( ,p]u1 ,*ile1 ,ti]ra del ,fuego1 ,patagonia1 & ,la ,plata h be5 uprais$--!n we c see t at ! same "t1 at f> di/ant po9ts1 circum/ances w\ld h be5 fav\rable to ! =mation ( fossilif]\s deposits ( wide ext5t & ( consid]able ?ickness2 & su* deposits1 consequ5tly1 w\ld h a good *ance ( resi/+ ! we> & te> ( successive bea*-l9es1 & ( la/+ to a future epo*4 ,may #ba/4--,i set out 9 company ) ,don ,jose ,edw>ds to ! silv]-m9e ( ,arqu]os1 & !nce up ! valley ( ,coquimbo4 ,pass+ ?r\gh a m\nta9\s c\ntry1 we rea*$ by nightfall ! m9es belong+ to ,mr4 ,edw>ds4 ,i enjoy$ my night's re/ "h f a reason :i* w n be fully appreciat$ 9 ,engl&1 namely1 ! abs5ce ( fleas6 ,! rooms 9 ,coquimbo sw>m ) !m2 b !y w n live "h at ! height ( only ?ree or f\r ?\s& feet3 x c sc>cely be ! trifl+ dim9ution ( temp]ature1 b "s o!r cause :i* de/roys ^! tr\blesome insects at ?is place4 ,! m9es are n[ 9 a bad /ate1 ?\gh !y =m]ly yield$ ab\t #bjjj p\nds 9 weight ( silv] a ye>4 ,x has be5 said t a p]son ) a copp]-m9e w ga92 ) silv] he may ga92 b ) gold he is sure to lose4 ,?is is n true3 all ! l>ge ,*ilian =tunes h be5 made by m9es ( ! m preci\s metals4 ,a %ort "t s9ce an ,engli% physician return$ to ,engl& f ,copiapo1 tak+ ) him ! pr(its ( "o %>e ( a silv]-m9e1 :i* am\nt$ to ab\t #bd1jjj p\nds /]l+4 ,no d\bt a copp]-m9e ) c>e is a sure game1 :]eas ! o!r is gambl+1 or r tak+ a ticket 9 a lott]y4 ,! own]s lose great quantities ( ri* ores2 = no precautions c prev5t robb]ies4 ,i he>d ( a g5tleman lay+ a bet ) ano!r1 t "o ( 8 m5 %\ld rob him be=e 8 face4 ,! ore :5 br\ght out ( ! m9e is brok5 into pieces1 & ! useless /one ?r[n on "o side4 ,a c\ple ( ! m9]s :o 7 ?us employ$1 pit*$1 z if by accid5t1 two fragm5ts away at ! same mom5t1 & !n cri$ out = a joke ,let u see :i* rolls fur!/4 ,! own]1 :o 0 /&+ by1 bet a cig> ) 8 fri5d on ! race4 ,! m9] by ?is means wat*$ ! v po9t among/ ! rubbi% :]e ! /one lay4 ,9 ! ev5+ he pick$ x up & c>ri$ x to 8 ma/]1 %[+ him a ri* mass ( silv]-ore1 & say+1 ,?is 0 ! /one on :i* y won a cig> by its roll+ s f>4 ,may #bcrd4--,we desc5d$ into ! f]tile valley ( ,coquimbo1 & foll[$ x till we rea*$ an ,haci5da belong+ to a relation ( ,don ,jose1 :]e we /ay$ ! next day4 ,i !n rode "o day's j\rney fur!r1 to see :at 7 decl>$ to be "s petrifi$ %ells & beans1 :i* latt] turn$ out to be small qu>tz pebbles4 ,we pass$ ?r\gh sev]al small villages2 & ! valley 0 beautifully cultivat$1 & ! :ole sc5]y v gr&4 ,we 7 "h ne> ! ma9 ,cordill]a1 & ! surr\nd+ hills 7 l(ty4 ,9 all p>ts ( nor!rn ,*ile1 fruit trees produce mu* m abundantly at a consid]able height ne> ! ,&es ?an 9 ! l[] c\ntry4 ,! figs & grapes ( ?is di/rict are fam\s = _! excell5ce1 & are cultivat$ to a great ext5t4 ,?is valley is1 p]haps1 ! mo/ productive "o nor? ( ,quillota4 ,i believe x conta9s1 includ+ ,coquimbo1 #be1jjj inhabitants4 ,! next day ,i return$ to ! ,haci5da1 & !nce1 toge!r ) ,don ,jose1 to ,coquimbo4 ,june #bnd4--,we set out = ! valley ( ,guasco1 foll[+ ! coa/-road1 :i* 0 consid]$ r less des]t ?an ! o!r4 ,our fir/ day's ride 0 to a solit>y h\se1 call$ ,y]ba ,bu5a1 :]e !re 0 pa/ure = our horses4 ,! %[] m5tion$ z hav+ fall51 a =tnight ago1 only rea*$ ab\t half-way to ,guasco2 we _h1 !re=e1 9 ! fir/ "p ( our j\rney a mo/ fa9t t+e ( gre51 :i* soon fad$ q away4 ,ev5 :]e brighte/1 x 0 sc>cely suffici5t to rem9d "o ( ! fre% turf & budd+ fl[]s ( ! spr+ ( o!r c\ntries4 ,:ile travell+ ?r\gh ^! des]ts "o feels l a prison] %ut up 9 a gloomy c\rt1 :o longs to see some?+ gre5 & to smell a moi/ atmosph]e4 ,june #crd4--,y]ba ,bu5a to ,c>izal4 ,dur+ ! fir/ "p ( ! day we cross$ a m\nta9\s rocky des]t1 & aft]w>ds a long deep s&y pla91 /rew$ ) brok5 sea-%ells4 ,!re 0 v little wat]1 & t little sal9e3 ! :ole c\ntry1 f ! coa/ to ! ,cordill]a1 is an un9habit$ des]t4 ,i saw traces only ( "o liv+ animal 9 abundance1 namely1 ! %ells ( a ,bulimus1 :i* 7 collect$ toge!r 9 extraord9>y numb]s on ! drie/ spots4 ,9 ! spr+ "o humble little plant s5ds out a few leaves1 & on ^! ! snails fe$4 ,z !y are se5 only v e>ly 9 ! morn+1 :5 ! gr\nd is slightly damp ) dew1 ! ,guascos believe t !y are br$ f x4 ,i h obs]v$ 9 o!r places t extremely dry & /]ile di/ricts1 :]e ! soil is calc>e\s1 are extraord9>ily fav\rable to l&-%ells4 ,at ,c>izal !re 7 a few cottages1 "s bracki% wat]1 & a trace ( cultivation3 b x 0 ) difficulty t we pur*as$ a little corn & /raw = our horses4 #d?4--,c>izal to ,sauce4 ,we cont9u$ to ride ov] des]t pla9s1 t5ant$ by l>ge h]ds ( guanaco4 ,we cross$ also ! valley ( ,*an]al2 :i*1 al?\gh ! mo/ f]tile "o betwe5 ,guasco & ,coquimbo1 is v n>r[1 & produces s little pa/ure1 t we c\ld n pur*ase any = our horses4 ,at ,sauce we f\nd a v civil old g5tleman1 sup]9t5d5t ( a copp]-smelt+ furnace4 ,z an especial fav\r1 he all[$ me to pur*ase at a high price an armful ( dirty /raw1 :i* 0 all ! poor horses _h = supp] aft] _! long day's j\rney4 ,few smelt+-furnaces are n[ at "w 9 any "p ( ,*ile2 x is f\nd m pr(itable1 on acc\nt ( ! extreme sc>city ( firewood1 & f ! ,*ilian me?od ( r$uction be+ s unskilful1 to %ip ! ore = ,swansea4 ,! next day we cross$ "s m\nta9s to ,freyr9a1 9 ! valley ( ,guasco4 ,dur+ ea* day's ride fur!r nor?w>d1 ! vegetation became m & m scanty2 ev5 ! great *&eli]-l cactus 0 "h replac$ by a diff]5t & mu* small] species4 ,dur+ ! w9t] mon?s1 bo? 9 nor!rn ,*ile & 9 ,p]u1 a uni=m bank ( cl\ds hangs1 at no great height1 ov] ! ,pacific4 ,f ! m\nta9s we _h a v /rik+ view ( ?is :ite & brilliant a]ial-field1 :i* s5t arms up ! valleys1 leav+ isl&s & promontories 9 ! same mann]1 z ! sea does 9 ! ,*onos ar*ipelago & 9 ,ti]ra del ,fuego4 ,we /ay$ two days at ,freyr9a4 ,9 ! valley ( ,guasco !re are f\r small t[ns4 ,at ! m\? !re is ! port1 a spot entirely des]t1 & )\t any wat] 9 ! imm$iate neighb\rhood4 ,five leagues high] up /&s ,freyr9a1 a long /raggl+ village1 ) dec5t :itewa%$ h\ses4 ,aga91 t5 leagues fur!r up ,ball5> is situat$1 & above ?is ,guasco ,alto1 a horticultural village1 fam\s = its dri$ fruit4 ,on a cle> day ! view up ! valley is v f9e2 ! /raight op5+ t]m9ates 9 ! f>-di/ant sn[y ,cordill]a2 on ea* side an inf9ity ( cross+-l9es are bl5d$ toge!r 9 a beautiful haze4 ,! =egr\nd is s+ul> f ! numb] ( p>allel & /ep-=m$ t]races2 & ! includ$ /rip ( gre5 valley1 ) its will[-bu%es1 is contra/$ on bo? h&s ) ! nak$ hills4 ,t ! surr\nd+ c\ntry 0 mo/ b>r5 w be readily believ$1 :5 x is kn[n t a %[] ( ra9 _h n fall5 dur+ ! la/ ?irte5 mon?s4 ,! inhabitants he>d ) ! greate/ envy ( ! ra9 at ,coquimbo2 f ! appe>ance ( ! sky !y _h hopes ( equally good =tune1 :i*1 a =tnight aft]w>ds1 7 realiz$4 ,i 0 at ,copiapo at ! "t2 & !re ! p1 ) equal envy1 talk$ ( ! abundant ra9 at ,guasco4 ,aft] two or ?ree v dry ye>s1 p]haps ) n m ?an "o %[] dur+ ! :ole "t1 a ra9y ye> g5]ally foll[s2 & ?is does m h>m ?an ev5 ! dr\ght4 ,! riv]s swell1 & cov] ) gravel & s& ! n>r[ /rips ( gr\nd1 :i* alone are fit = cultivation4 ,! floods also injure ! irrigat+ dit*es4 ,great deva/ation _h ?us be5 caus$ ?ree ye>s ago4 ,june #h?4--,we rode on to ,ball5>1 :i* takes its "n f ,ball5agh 9 ,irel&1 ! bir?place ( ! family ( ,o',higg9s1 :o1 "u ! ,spani% gov]nm5t1 7 presid5ts & g5]als 9 ,*ile4 ,z ! rocky m\nta9s on ea* h& 7 conceal$ by cl\ds1 ! t]race-l pla9s gave to ! valley an appe>ance l t ( ,santa ,cruz 9 ,patagonia4 ,aft] sp5d+ "o day at ,ball5> ,i set out1 on ! #aj?1 = ! upp] "p ( ! valley ( ,copiapo4 ,we rode all day ov] an un9t]e/+ c\ntry4 ,i am tir$ ( repeat+ ! epi!ts b>r5 & /]ile4 ,^! words1 h[ev]1 z commonly us$1 are comp>ative2 ,i h always appli$ !m to ! pla9s ( ,patagonia1 :i* c boa/ ( sp9y bu%es & "s tufts ( grass2 & ?is is absolute f]tility1 z comp>$ ) nor!rn ,*ile4 ,"h aga91 !re are n _m spaces ( two hundr$ y>ds squ>e1 :]e "s little bu%1 cactus or li*51 may n be discov]$ by c>eful exam9ation2 & 9 ! soil se$s lie dormant ready to spr+ up dur+ ! fir/ ra9y w9t]4 ,9 ,p]u real des]ts occur ov] wide tracts ( c\ntry4 ,9 ! ev5+ we arriv$ at a valley1 9 :i* ! b$ ( ! /reamlet 0 damp3 foll[+ x up1 we came to tol]ably good wat]4 ,dur+ ! night1 ! /ream1 f n be+ evaporat$ & absorb$ s quickly1 fl[s a league l[] d[n ?an dur+ ! day4 ,/icks 7 pl5tiful = firewood1 s t x 0 a good place to biv\ac = u2 b = ! poor animals !re 0 n a m\?ful to eat4 ,june #aa?4--,we rode )\t /opp+ = twelve h\rs till we rea*$ an old smelt+-furnace1 :]e !re 0 wat] & firewood2 b our horses aga9 _h no?+ to eat1 be+ %ut up 9 an old c\rty>d4 ,! l9e ( road 0 hilly1 & ! di/ant views int]e/+1 f ! v>i$ col\rs ( ! b>e m\nta9s4 ,x 0 almo/ a pity to see ! sun %9+ con/antly ov] s useless a c\ntry2 su* spl5did wea!r ought to h bright5$ fields & pretty g>d5s4 ,! next day we rea*$ ! valley ( ,copiapo4 ,i 0 he>tily glad ( x2 = ! :ole j\rney 0 a cont9u$ s\rce ( anxiety2 x 0 mo/ disagreeable to he>1 :il/ eat+ our own supp]s1 our horses gnaw+ ! po/s to :i* !y 7 ti$1 & to h no means ( reliev+ _! hung]4 ,to all appe>ance1 h[ev]1 ! animals 7 q fre%2 & no "o c\ld h told t !y _h eat5 no?+ = ! la/ fifty-five h\rs4 ,i _h a lett] ( introduction to ,mr4 ,b+ley1 :o receiv$ me v k9dly at ! ,haci5da ( ,potr]o ,seco4 ,?is e/ate is betwe5 tw5ty & ?irty miles long1 b v n>r[1 be+ g5]ally only two fields wide1 "o on ea* side ! riv]4 ,9 "s p>ts ! e/ate is ( no wid?1 t is to say1 ! l& _c be irrigat$1 & !re=e is valueless1 l ! surr\nd+ rocky des]t4 ,! small quantity ( cultivat$ l& 9 ! :ole l9e ( valley1 does n s mu* dep5d on inequalities ( level1 & consequ5t unfitness = irrigation1 z on ! small supply ( wat]4 ,! riv] ?is ye> 0 rem>kably full3 "h1 high up ! valley1 x rea*$ to ! horse's belly1 & 0 ab\t fifte5 y>ds wide1 & rapid2 l[] d[n x becomes small] & small]1 & is g5]ally q lo/1 z happ5$ dur+ "o p]iod ( ?irty ye>s1 s t n a drop ent]$ ! sea4 ,! inhabitants wat* a /orm ov] ! ,cordill]a ) great int]e/2 z "o good fall ( sn[ provides !m ) wat] = ! ensu+ ye>4 ,?is is ( inf9itely m consequ5ce ?an ra9 9 ! l[] c\ntry4 ,ra91 z (t5 z x falls1 :i* is ab\t once 9 e two or ?ree ye>s1 is a great advantage1 because ! cattle & mules c = "s "t aft]w>ds f9d a little pa/ure 9 ! m\nta9s4 ,b )\t sn[ on ! ,&es1 desolation ext5ds ?r\gh\t ! valley4 ,x is on record t ?ree times ne>ly all ! inhabitants h be5 oblig$ to emigrate to ! s\?4 ,?is ye> !re 0 pl5ty ( wat]1 & e man irrigat$ 8 gr\nd z mu* z he *ose2 b x has frequ5tly be5 necess>y to po/ soldi]s at ! sluices1 to see t ea* e/ate took only its prop] all[ance dur+ s _m h\rs 9 ! week4 ,! valley is said to conta9 #ab1jjj s\ls1 b its produce is suffici5t only = ?ree mon?s 9 ! ye>2 ! re/ ( ! supply be+ drawn f ,valp>aiso & ! s\?4 ,be=e ! discov]y ( ! fam\s silv]-m9es ( ,*anuncillo1 ,copiapo 0 9 a rapid /ate ( decay2 b n[ x is 9 a v ?riv+ condition2 & ! t[n1 :i* 0 completely ov]?r[n by an e>?quake1 has be5 rebuilt4 ,! valley ( ,copiapo1 =m+ a m]e ribbon ( gre5 9 a des]t1 runs 9 a v s\!rly direction2 s t x is ( consid]able l5g? to its s\rce 9 ! ,cordill]a4 ,! valleys ( ,guasco & ,copiapo may bo? be consid]$ z long n>r[ isl&s1 sep>at$ f ! re/ ( ,*ile by des]ts ( rock in/ead ( by salt wat]4 ,nor?w>d ( ^!1 !re is "o o!r v mis]able valley1 call$ ,paposo1 :i* conta9s ab\t two hundr$ s\ls2 & !n !re ext5ds ! real des]t ( ,atacama--a b>ri] f> worse ?an ! mo/ turbul5t ocean4 ,aft] /ay+ a few days at ,potr]o ,seco1 ,i proce$$ up ! valley to ! h\se ( ,don ,b5ito ,cruz1 to :om ,i _h a lett] ( introduction4 ,i f\nd him mo/ hospitable2 inde$ x is impossible to be> too /rong te/imony to ! k9dness ) :i* travell]s are receiv$ 9 almo/ e "p ( ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,! next day ,i hir$ "s mules to take me by ! rav9e ( ,jolqu]a into ! c5tral ,cordill]a4 ,on ! second night ! wea!r seem$ to =etell a /orm ( sn[ or ra91 & :il/ ly+ 9 our b$s we felt a trifl+ %ock ( an e>?quake4 ,! connection betwe5 e>?quakes & ! wea!r has be5 (t5 disput$3 x appe>s to me to be a po9t ( great int]e/1 :i* is little und]/ood4 ,humboldt has rem>k$ 9 "o "p ( ! ,p]sonal ,n>rative1 #a t x w\ld be difficult = any p]son :o _h long resid$ 9 ,new ,&alusia1 or 9 ,l[] ,p]u1 to d5y t !re exi/s "s connection betwe5 ^! ph5om5a3 9 ano!r "p1 h[ev] he seems to ?9k ! connection fanciful4 ,at ,guayaquil x is said t a heavy %[] 9 ! dry season is inv>iably foll[$ by an e>?quake4 ,9 ,nor!rn ,*ile1 f ! extreme infrequ5cy ( ra91 or ev5 ( wea!r =ebod+ ra91 ! probability ( accid5tal co9cid5ces becomes v small2 yet ! inhabitants are "h mo/ firmly conv9c$ ( "s connection betwe5 ! /ate ( ! atmosph]e & ( ! trembl+ ( ! gr\nd3 ,i 0 mu* /ruck by ?is :5 m5tion+ to "s p at ,copiapo t !re _h be5 a %>p %ock at ,coquimbo3 !y imm$iately cri$ out1 ,h[ =tunate6 !re w be pl5ty ( pa/ure !re ?is ye>4 ,to _! m9ds an e>?quake =etold ra9 z surely z ra9 =etold abundant pa/ure4 ,c]ta9ly x did s happ5 t on ! v day ( ! e>?quake1 t %[] ( ra9 fell1 :i* ,i h describ$ z 9 t5 days' "t produc+ a ?9 spr9kl+ ( grass4 ,at o!r times ra9 has foll[$ e>?quakes at a p]iod ( ! ye> :5 x is a f> great] prodigy ?an ! e>?quake itself3 ?is happ5$ aft] ! %ock ( ,novemb]1 #ahbb1 & aga9 9 #ahbi1 at ,valp>aiso2 also aft] t ( ,septemb]1 #ahcc1 at ,tacna4 ,a p]son mu/ be some:at habituat$ to ! climate ( ^! c\ntries to p]ceive ! extreme improbability ( ra9 fall+ at su* seasons1 except z a consequ5ce ( "s law q unconnect$ ) ! ord9>y c\rse ( ! wea!r4 ,9 ! cases ( great volcanic eruptions1 z t ( ,cosegu9a1 :]e torr5ts ( ra9 fell at a "t ( ! ye> mo/ unusual = x1 & almo/ unprec$5t$ 9 ,c5tral ,am]ica1 x is n difficult to und]/& t ! volumes ( vap\r & cl\ds ( a%es might h di/urb$ ! atmosph]ic equilibrium4 ,humboldt ext5ds ?is view to ! case ( e>?quakes unaccompani$ by eruptions2 b ,i c h>dly conceive x possible1 t ! small quantity ( a]i=m fluids :i* !n escape f ! fissur$ gr\nd1 c produce su* rem>kable effects4 ,!re appe>s mu* probability 9 ! view fir/ propos$ by ,mr4 ,p4 ,scrope1 t :5 ! b>omet] is l[1 & :5 ra9 might naturally be expect$ to fall1 ! dim9i%$ pressure ( ! atmosph]e ov] a wide ext5t ( c\ntry1 might well det]m9e ! precise day on :i* ! e>?1 already /ret*$ to ! utmo/ by ! subt]ranean =ces1 %\ld yield1 crack1 & consequ5tly tremble4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 d\btful h[ f> ?is idea w expla9 ! circum/ances ( torr5ts ( ra9 fall+ 9 ! dry season dur+ sev]al days1 aft] an e>?quake unaccompani$ by an eruption2 su* cases seem to bespeak "s m intimate connection betwe5 ! atmosph]ic & subt]ranean regions4 ,f9d+ little ( int]e/ 9 ?is "p ( ! rav9e1 we retrac$ our /eps to ! h\se ( ,don ,b5ito1 :]e ,i /ay$ two days collect+ fossil %ells & wood4 ,great pro/rate silicifi$ trunks ( trees1 emb$d$ 9 a conglom]ate1 7 extraord9>ily num]\s4 ,i measur$ "o1 :i* 0 fifte5 feet 9 circumf]5ce3 h[ surpris+ x is t e atom ( ! woody matt] 9 ?is great cyl9d] %\ld h be5 remov$ & replac$ by silex s p]fectly1 t ea* vessel & pore is pres]v$6 ,^! trees fl\ri%$ at ab\t ! p]iod ( our l[] *alk2 !y all belong$ to ! fir-tribe4 ,x 0 amus+ to he> ! inhabitants discuss+ ! nature ( ! fossil %ells :i* ,i collect$1 almo/ 9 ! same t]ms z 7 us$ a c5tury ago 9 ,europe1--namely1 :e!r or n !y _h be5 ?us born by nature4 ,my geological exam9ation ( ! c\ntry g5]ally creat$ a good deal ( surprise among/ ! ,*il5os3 x 0 long be=e !y c\ld be conv9c$ t ,i 0 n hunt+ = m9es4 ,?is 0 sometimes tr\blesome3 ,i f\nd ! mo/ ready way ( expla9+ my employm5t1 0 to ask !m h[ x 0 t !y !mselves 7 n curi\s conc]n+ e>?quakes & volcanos8--:y "s spr+s 7 hot & o!rs cold8--:y !re 7 m\nta9s 9 ,*ile1 & n a hill 9 ,la ,plata8 ,^! b>e que/ions at once satisfi$ & sil5c$ ! great] numb]2 "s1 h[ev] 7l a few 9 ,engl& :o are a c5tury beh9dh&71 ?\ght t all su* inquiries 7 useless & impi\s2 & t x 0 q suffici5t t ,god _h ?us made ! m\nta9s4 ,an ord] _h rec5tly be5 issu$ t all /ray dogs %\ld be kill$1 & we saw _m ly+ dead on ! road4 ,a great numb] _h lately gone mad1 & sev]al m5 _h be5 bitt5 & _h di$ 9 consequ5ce4 ,on sev]al occasions hydrophobia has prevail$ 9 ?is valley4 ,x is rem>kable ?us to f9d s /range & dreadful a disease1 appe>+ "t aft] "t 9 ! same isolat$ spot4 ,x has be5 rem>k$ t c]ta9 villages 9 ,engl& are 9 l mann] mu* m subject to ?is visitation ?an o!rs4 ,dr4 ,unanue /ates t hydrophobia 0 fir/ kn[n 9 ,s\? ,am]ica 9 #ahjc3 ?is /atem5t is corroborat$ by ,az>a & ,ulloa hav+ nev] he>d ( x 9 _! "t4 ,dr4 ,unanue says t x broke out 9 ,c5tral ,am]ica1 & sl[ly travell$ s\?w>d4 ,x rea*$ ,arequipa 9 #ahjg2 & x is said t "s m5 !re1 :o _h n be5 bitt51 7 affect$1 z 7 "s negroes1 :o _h eat5 a bullock :i* _h di$ ( hydrophobia4 ,at ,ica =ty-two p ?us mis]ably p]i%$4 ,! disease came on betwe5 twelve & n9ety days aft] ! bite2 & 9 ^? cases :]e x did come on1 dea? ensu$ inv>iably )9 five days4 ,aft] #ahjh1 a long int]val ensu$ )\t any cases4 ,on inquiry1 ,i did n he> ( hydrophobia 9 ,van ,diem5's ,l&1 or 9 ,au/ralia2 & ,bur*ell says1 t dur+ ! five ye>s he 0 at ! ,cape ( ,good ,hope1 he nev] he>d ( an in/ance ( x4 ,web/] ass]ts t at ! ,azores hydrophobia has nev] occurr$2 & ! same ass]tion has be5 made ) respect to ,mauritius & ,/4 ,hel5a4 #b ,9 s /range a disease "s in=mation might possibly be ga9$ by consid]+ ! circum/ances "u :i* x orig9ates 9 di/ant climates2 = x is improbable t a dog already bitt51 %\ld h be5 br\ght to ^! di/ant c\ntries4 ,at night1 a /rang] arriv$ at ! h\se ( ,don ,b5ito1 & ask$ p]mission to sleep !re4 ,he said he _h be5 w&]+ ab\t ! m\nta9s = sev5te5 days1 hav+ lo/ 8 way4 ,he />t$ f ,guasco1 & be+ accu/om$ to travell+ 9 ! ,cordill]a1 did n expect any difficulty 9 foll[+ ! track to ,copiapo2 b he soon became involv$ 9 a labyr9? ( m\nta9s1 :5ce he c\ld n escape4 ,"s ( 8 mules _h fall5 ov] precipices1 & he _h be5 9 great di/ress4 ,8 *ief difficulty arose f n kn[+ :]e to f9d wat] 9 ! l[] c\ntry1 s t he 0 oblig$ to keep bord]+ ! c5tral ranges4 ,we return$ d[n ! valley1 & on ! #bbnd rea*$ ! t[n ( ,copiapo4 ,! l[] "p ( ! valley is broad1 =m+ a f9e pla9 l t ( ,quillota4 ,! t[n cov]s a consid]able space ( gr\nd1 ea* h\se possess+ a g>d53 b x is an uncom=table place1 & ! dwell+s are poorly furni%$4 ,e "o seems b5t on ! "o object ( mak+ money1 & !n migrat+ z quickly z possible4 ,all ! inhabitants are m or less directly conc]n$ ) m9es2 & m9es & ores are ! sole subjects ( conv]sation4 ,necess>ies ( all sorts are extremely de>2 z ! di/ance f ! t[n to ! port is eighte5 leagues1 & ! l& c>riage v exp5sive4 ,a f[l co/s five or six %ill+s2 meat is ne>ly z de> z 9 ,engl&2 firewood1 or r /icks1 are br\ght on donkeys f a di/ance ( two & ?ree days' j\rney )9 ! ,cordill]a2 & pa/urage = animals is a %ill+ a day3 all ?is = ,s\? ,am]ica is wond]fully exorbitant4 ,june #bf?4--,i hir$ a guide & eight mules to take me into ! ,cordill]a by a diff]5t l9e f my la/ excursion4 ,z ! c\ntry 0 utt]ly des]t1 we took a c>go & a half ( b>ley mix$ ) *opp$ /raw4 ,ab\t two leagues above ! t[n a broad valley call$ ! ,despoblado1 or un9habit$1 bran*es (f f t "o by :i* we _h arriv$4 ,al?\gh a valley ( ! gr&e/ dim5sions1 & lead+ to a pass across ! ,cordill]a1 yet x is completely dry1 except+ p]haps = a few days dur+ "s v ra9y w9t]4 ,! sides ( ! crumbl+ m\nta9s 7 furr[$ by sc>cely any rav9es2 & ! bottom ( ! ma9 valley1 fill$ ) %+le1 0 smoo? & ne>ly level4 ,no consid]able torr5t c\ld ev] h fl[$ d[n ?is b$ ( %+le2 = if x _h1 a great cliff-b\nd$ *annel1 z 9 all ! s\!rn valleys1 w\ld assur$ly h be5 =m$4 ,i feel little d\bt t ?is valley1 z well z ^? m5tion$ by travell]s 9 ,p]u1 7 left 9 ! /ate we n[ see !m by ! waves ( ! sea1 z ! l& sl[ly rose4 ,i obs]v$ 9 "o place1 :]e ! ,despoblado 0 jo9$ by a rav9e 7:i* 9 almo/ any o!r *a9 w\ld h be5 call$ a gr& valley71 t its b$1 ?\gh compos$ m]ely ( s& & gravel1 0 high] ?an t ( its tribut>y4 ,a m]e rivulet ( wat]1 9 ! c\rse ( an h\r1 w\ld h cut a *annel = itself2 b x 0 evid5t t ages _h pass$ away1 & no su* rivulet _h dra9$ ?is great tribut>y4 ,x 0 curi\s to behold ! ma*9]y1 if su* a t]m may be us$1 = ! dra9age1 all1 ) ! la/ trifl+ exception1 p]fect1 yet )\t any signs ( action4 ,e "o mu/ h rem>k$ h[ mud-banks1 left by ! retir+ tide1 imitate 9 m9iature a c\ntry ) hill & dale2 & "h we h ! orig9al model 9 rock1 =m$ z ! cont95t rose dur+ ! secul> retirem5t ( ! ocean1 in/ead ( dur+ ! ebb+ & fl[+ ( ! tides4 ,if a %[] ( ra9 falls on ! mud-bank1 :5 left dry1 x deep5s ! already-=m$ %all[ l9es ( excavation2 & s x is ) ! ra9 ( successive c5turies on ! bank ( rock & soil1 :i* we call a cont95t4 ,we rode on aft] x 0 d>k1 till we rea*$ a side rav9e ) a small well1 call$ ,agua am>ga4 ,! wat] des]v$ its "n1 = besides be+ sal9e x 0 mo/ (f5sively putrid & bitt]2 s t we c\ld n =ce ourselves to dr9k ei!r tea or mate4 ,i suppose ! di/ance f ! riv] ( ,copiapo to ?is spot 0 at lea/ tw5ty-five or ?irty ,engli% miles2 9 ! :ole space !re 0 n a s+le drop ( wat]1 ! c\ntry des]v+ ! "n ( des]t 9 ! /ricte/ s5se4 ,yet ab\t half way we pass$ "s old ,indian ru9s ne> ,punta ,gorda3 ,i notic$ also 9 front ( "s ( ! valleys1 :i* bran* (f f ! ,despoblado1 two piles ( /ones plac$ a little way ap>t1 & direct$ s z to po9t up ! m\?s ( ^! small valleys4 ,my companions knew no?+ ab\t !m1 & only answ]$ my qu]ies by _! imp]turbable qui5 sabe8 ,i obs]v$ ,indian ru9s 9 sev]al p>ts ( ! ,cordill]a3 ! mo/ p]fect :i* ,i saw1 7 ! ,ru9as de ,tambillos1 9 ! ,uspallata ,pass4 ,small squ>e rooms 7 !re huddl$ toge!r 9 sep>ate gr\ps3 "s ( ! doorways 7 yet /&+2 !y 7 =m$ by a cross slab ( /one only ab\t ?ree feet high4 ,ulloa has rem>k$ on ! l[ness ( ! doors 9 ! anci5t ,p]uvian dwell+s4 ,^! h\ses1 :5 p]fect1 mu/ h be5 capable ( conta9+ a consid]able numb] ( p]sons4 ,tradition says1 t !y 7 us$ z halt+-places = ! ,incas1 :5 !y cross$ ! m\nta9s4 ,traces ( ,indian habitations h be5 discov]$ 9 _m o!r p>ts1 :]e x does n appe> probable t !y 7 us$ z m]e re/+-places1 b yet :]e ! l& is z utt]ly unfit = any k9d ( cultivation1 z x is ne> ! ,tambillos or at ! ,incas ,bridge1 or 9 ! ,portillo ,pass1 at all :i* places ,i saw ru9s4 ,9 ! rav9e ( ,jajuel1 ne> ,aconcagua1 :]e !re is no pass1 ,i he>d ( rema9s ( h\ses situat$ at a great height1 :]e x is extremely cold & /]ile4 ,at fir/ ,i imag9$ t ^! build+s _h be5 places ( refuge1 built by ! ,indians on ! fir/ arrival ( ! ,spani>ds2 b ,i h s9ce be5 incl9$ to speculate on ! probability ( a small *ange ( climate4 ,9 ?is nor!rn "p ( ,*ile1 )9 ! ,cordill]a1 old ,indian h\ses are said to be especially num]\s3 by digg+ among/ ! ru9s1 bits ( wooll5 articles1 in/rum5ts ( preci\s metals1 & heads ( ,indian corn1 are n unfrequ5tly discov]$3 an arr[-head made ( agate1 & ( precisely ! same =m ) ^? n[ us$ 9 ,ti]ra del ,fuego1 0 giv5 me4 ,i am aw>e t ! ,p]uvian ,indians n[ frequ5tly inhabit mo/ l(ty & bleak situations2 b at ,copiapo ,i 0 assur$ by m5 :o _h sp5t _! lives 9 travell+ ?r\gh ! ,&es1 t !re 7 v _m 7mu*isimas7 build+s at heights s great z almo/ to bord] ^u ! p]petual sn[1 & 9 p>ts :]e !re exi/ no passes1 & :]e ! l& produces absolutely no?+1 & :at is /ill m extraord9>y1 :]e !re is no wat]4 ,nev]!less x is ! op9ion ( ! p ( ! c\ntry 7al?\gh !y are mu* puzzl$ by ! circum/ance71 t1 f ! appe>ance ( ! h\ses1 ! ,indians mu/ h us$ !m z places ( resid5ce4 ,9 ?is valley1 at ,punta ,gorda1 ! rema9s consi/$ ( sev5 or eight squ>e little rooms1 :i* 7 ( a simil> =m ) ^? at ,tambillos1 b built *iefly ( mud1 :i* ! pres5t inhabitants _c1 ei!r "h or1 accord+ to ,ulloa1 9 ,p]u1 imitate 9 durability4 ,!y 7 situat$ 9 ! mo/ conspicu\s & def5celess position1 at ! bottom ( ! flat broad valley4 ,!re 0 no wat] ne>] ?an ?ree or f\r leagues1 & t only 9 v small quantity1 & bad3 ! soil 0 absolutely /]ile2 ,i look$ 9 va9 ev5 = a li*5 adh]+ to ! rocks4 ,at ! pres5t day1 ) ! advantage ( bea/s ( burd51 a m9e1 unless x 7 v ri*1 c\ld sc>cely be work$ "h ) pr(it4 ,yet ! ,indians =m]ly *ose x z a place ( resid5ce6 ,if at ! pres5t "t two or ?ree %[]s ( ra9 7 to fall annually1 in/ead ( "o1 z n[ is ! case dur+ z _m ye>s1 a small rill ( wat] w\ld probably be =m$ 9 ?is great valley2 & !n1 by irrigation 7:i* 0 =m]ly s well und]/ood by ! ,indians71 ! soil w\ld easily be r5d]$ suffici5tly productive to support a few families4 ,i h conv9c+ pro(s t ?is "p ( ! cont95t ( ,s\? ,am]ica has be5 elevat$ ne> ! coa/ at lea/ f #djj to #ejj1 & 9 "s p>ts f #ajjj to #acjj feet1 s9ce ! epo* ( exi/+ %ells2 & fur!r inl& ! rise possibly may h be5 great]4 ,z ! peculi>ly arid "* ( ! climate is evid5tly a consequ5ce ( ! height ( ! ,cordill]a1 we may feel almo/ sure t be=e ! lat] elevations1 ! atmosph]e c\ld n h be5 s completely dra9$ ( its moi/ure z x n[ is2 & z ! rise has be5 gradual1 s w\ld h be5 ! *ange 9 climate4 ,on ?is notion ( a *ange ( climate s9ce ! build+s 7 inhabit$1 ! ru9s mu/ be ( extreme antiquity1 b ,i d n ?9k _! pres]vation "u ! ,*ilian climate any great difficulty4 ,we mu/ also admit on ?is notion 7& ?is p]haps is a great] difficulty7 t man has inhabit$ ,s\? ,am]ica = an imm5sely long p]iod1 inasmu* z any *ange ( climate effect$ by ! elevation ( ! l& mu/ h be5 extremely gradual4 ,at ,valp>aiso1 )9 ! la/ #bbj ye>s1 ! rise has be5 some:at less ?an #ai feet3 at ,lima a sea-bea* has c]ta9ly be5 upheav$ f #hj to #ij feet1 )9 ! ,indo-human p]iod3 b su* small elevations c\ld h _h little p[] 9 deflect+ ! moi/ure-br++ atmosph]ic curr5ts4 ,dr4 ,lund1 h[ev]1 f\nd human skeletons 9 ! caves ( ,brazil1 ! appe>ance ( :i* induc$ him to believe t ! ,indian race has exi/$ dur+ a va/ lapse ( "t 9 ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,:5 at ,lima1 ,i conv]s$ on ^! subjects #c ) ,mr4 ,gill1 a civil eng9e]1 :o _h se5 mu* ( ! int]ior c\ntry4 ,he told me t a conjecture ( a *ange ( climate _h sometimes cross$ 8 m9d2 b t he ?\ght t ! great] portion ( l&1 n[ incapable ( cultivation1 b cov]$ ) ,indian ru9s1 _h be5 r$uc$ to ?is /ate by ! wat]-conduits1 :i* ! ,indians =m]ly con/ruct$ on s wond]ful a scale1 hav+ be5 injur$ by neglect & by subt]ranean movem5ts4 ,i may "h m5tion1 t ! ,p]uvians actually c>ri$ _! irrigat+ /reams 9 tunnels ?r\gh hills ( solid rock4 ,mr4 ,gill told me1 he _h be5 employ$ pr(essionally to exam9e "o3 he f\nd ! passage l[1 n>r[1 crook$1 & n ( uni=m bread?1 b ( v consid]able l5g?4 ,is x n mo/ wond]ful t m5 %\ld h attempt$ su* op]ations1 )\t ! use ( iron or gunp[d]8 ,mr4 ,gill also m5tion$ to me a mo/ int]e/+1 &1 z f> z ,i am aw>e1 q unp>allel$ case1 ( a subt]ranean di/urbance hav+ *ang$ ! dra9age ( a c\ntry4 ,travell+ f ,casma to ,hu>az 7n v f> di/ant f ,lima71 he f\nd a pla9 cov]$ ) ru9s & m>ks ( anci5t cultivation b n[ q b>r54 ,ne> x 0 ! dry c\rse ( a consid]able riv]1 :5ce ! wat] = irrigation _h =m]ly be5 conduct$4 ,!re 0 no?+ 9 ! appe>ance ( ! wat]-c\rse to indicate t ! riv] _h n fl[$ !re a few ye>s previ\sly2 9 "s p>ts1 b$s ( s& & gravel 7 spread out2 9 o!rs1 ! solid rock _h be5 worn into a broad *annel1 :i* 9 "o spot 0 ab\t #dj y>ds 9 bread? & #h feet deep4 ,x is self-evid5t t a p]son foll[+ up ! c\rse ( a /ream1 w always asc5d at a great] or less incl9ation3 ,mr4 ,gill1 !re=e1 0 mu* a/oni%$1 :5 walk+ up ! b$ ( ?is anci5t riv]1 to f9d himself sudd5ly go+ d[n hill4 ,he imag9$ t ! d[nw>d slope _h a fall ( ab\t #dj or #ej feet p]p5dicul>4 ,we "h h unequivocal evid5ce t a ridge _h be5 uplift$ "r across ! old b$ ( a /ream4 ,f ! mom5t ! riv]-c\rse 0 ?us ar*$1 ! wat] mu/ necess>ily h be5 ?r[n back1 & a new *annel =m$4 ,f t mom5t1 also1 ! neighb\r+ pla9 mu/ h lo/ its f]tiliz+ /ream1 & become a des]t4 ,june #bg?4--,we set out e>ly 9 ! morn+1 & by midday rea*$ ! rav9e ( ,paypote1 :]e !re is a t9y rill ( wat]1 ) a little vegetation1 & ev5 a few alg>roba trees1 a k9d ( mimosa4 ,f hav+ firewood1 a smelt+-furnace _h =m]ly be5 built "h3 we f\nd a solit>y man 9 *>ge ( x1 ^: sole employm5t 0 hunt+ guanacos4 ,at night x froze %>ply2 b hav+ pl5ty ( wood = our fire1 we kept ourselves w>m4 #bh?4--,we cont9u$ gradually asc5d+1 & ! valley n[ *ang$ into a rav9e4 ,dur+ ! day we saw sev]al guanacos1 & ! track ( ! closely-alli$ species1 ! ,vicuna3 ?is latt] animal is pre-em95tly alp9e 9 its habits2 x seldom desc5ds mu* bel[ ! limit ( p]petual sn[1 & !re=e haunts ev5 a m l(ty & /]ile situation ?an ! guanaco4 ,! only o!r animal :i* we saw 9 any numb] 0 a small fox3 ,i suppose ?is animal preys on ! mice & o!r small rod5ts1 :i*1 z long z !re is ! lea/ vegetation1 subsi/ 9 consid]able numb]s 9 v des]t places4 ,9 ,patagonia1 ev5 on ! bord]s ( ! sal9as1 :]e a drop ( fre% wat] c nev] be f\nd1 except+ dew1 ^! little animals sw>m4 ,next to liz>ds1 mice appe> to be able to support exi/5ce on ! smalle/ & drie/ portions ( ! e>?--ev5 on islets 9 ! mid/ ( great oceans4 ,! sc5e on all sides %[$ desolation1 bright5$ & made palpable by a cle>1 uncl\d$ sky4 ,= a "t su* sc5]y is sublime1 b ?is feel+ _c la/1 & !n x becomes un9t]e/+4 ,we biv\ack$ at ! foot ( ! prim]a l9ea1 or ! fir/ l9e ( ! p>tition ( wat]s4 ,! /reams1 h[ev]1 on ! ea/ side d n fl[ to ! ,atlantic1 b into an elevat$ di/rict1 9 ! middle ( :i* !re is a l>ge sal9e1 or salt lake2 ?us =m+ a little ,caspian ,sea at ! height1 p]haps1 ( t5 ?\s& feet4 ,:]e we slept1 !re 7 "s consid]able pat*es ( sn[1 b !y d n rema9 ?r\gh\t ! ye>4 ,! w9ds 9 ^! l(ty regions obey v regul> laws4 ,e day a fre% breeze bl[s up ! valley1 & at night1 an h\r or two aft] sunset1 ! air f ! cold regions above desc5ds z ?r\gh a funnel4 ,?is night x blew a gale ( w9d1 & ! temp]ature mu/ h be5 consid]ably bel[ ! freez+-po9t1 = wat] 9 a vessel soon became a block ( ice4 ,no clo!s seem$ to pose any ob/acle to ! air2 ,i suff]$ v mu* f ! cold1 s t ,i c\ld n sleep1 & 9 ! morn+ rose ) my body q dull & b5umb$4 ,9 ! ,cordill]a fur!r s\?w>d1 p lose _! lives f sn[-/orms2 "h1 x sometimes happ5s f ano!r cause4 ,my guide1 :5 a boy ( f\rte5 ye>s old1 0 pass+ ! ,cordill]a ) a p>ty 9 ! mon? ( ,may2 & :ile 9 ! c5tral p>ts1 a furi\s gale ( w9d arose1 s t ! m5 c\ld h>dly cl+ on _! mules1 & /ones 7 fly+ along ! gr\nd4 ,! day 0 cl\dless1 & n a speck ( sn[ fell1 b ! temp]ature 0 l[4 ,x is probable t ! !rmomet] c\ld n h /ood v _m degrees bel[ ! freez+-po9t1 b ! effect on _! bodies1 ill protect$ by clo?+1 mu/ h be5 9 proportion to ! rapidity ( ! curr5t ( cold air4 ,! gale la/$ = m ?an a day2 ! m5 began to lose _! /r5g?1 & ! mules w\ld n move onw>ds4 ,my guide's bro!r tri$ to return1 b he p]i%$1 & 8 body 0 f\nd two ye>s aft]w>ds4 ,ly+ by ! side ( 8 mule ne> ! road1 ) ! bridle /ill 9 8 h&4 ,two o!r m5 9 ! p>ty lo/ _! f+]s & toes2 & out ( two hundr$ mules & ?irty c[s1 only f\rte5 mules escap$ alive4 ,_m ye>s ago ! :ole ( a l>ge p>ty are suppos$ to h p]i%$ f a simil> cause1 b _! bodies to ?is day h nev] be5 discov]$4 ,! union ( a cl\dless sky1 l[ temp]ature1 & a furi\s gale ( w9d1 mu/ be1 ,i %\ld ?9k1 9 all p>ts ( ! _w an unusual occurr5ce4 ,june #bi?--,we gladly travell$ d[n ! valley to our =m] night's lodg+1 & !nce to ne> ! ,agua am>ga4 ,on ,july #a/ we rea*$ ! valley ( ,copiapo4 ,! smell ( ! fre% clov] 0 q delightful1 aft] ! sc5tless air ( ! dry1 /]ile ,despoblado4 ,:il/ /ay+ 9 ! t[n ,i he>d an acc\nt f sev]al ( ! inhabitants1 ( a hill 9 ! neighb\rhood :i* !y call$ ,el ,bramador1--! ro>] or bell[]4 ,i did n at ! "t pay suffici5t att5tion to ! acc\nt2 b1 z f> z ,i und]/ood1 ! hill 0 cov]$ by s&1 & ! noise 0 produc$ only :5 p1 by asc5d+ x1 put ! s& 9 motion4 ,! same circum/ances are describ$ 9 detail on ! au?ority ( ,seetz5 & ,ehr5b]g1 #d z ! cause ( ! s\nds :i* h be5 he>d by _m travell]s on ,m\nt ,s9ai ne> ! ,r$ ,sea4 ,"o p]son ) :om ,i conv]s$ _h himself he>d ! noise3 he describ$ x z v surpris+2 & he di/9ctly /at$ t1 al?\gh he c\ld n und]/& h[ x 0 caus$1 yet x 0 necess>y to set ! s& roll+ d[n ! acclivity4 ,a horse walk+ ov] dry co>se s&1 causes a peculi> *irp+ noise f ! friction ( ! p>ticles2 a circum/ance :i* ,i sev]al times notic$ on ! coa/ ( ,brazil4 ,?ree days aft]w>ds ,i he>d ( ! ,beagle's arrival at ! ,port1 di/ant eighte5 leagues f ! t[n4 ,!re is v little l& cultivat$ d[n ! valley2 its wide expanse supports a wret*$ wiry grass1 :i* ev5 ! donkeys c h>dly eat4 ,?is poorness ( ! vegetation is ow+ to ! quantity ( sal9e matt] ) :i* ! soil is impregnat$4 ,! ,port consi/s ( an assemblage ( mis]able little hovels1 situat$ at ! foot ( a /]ile pla94 ,at pres5t1 z ! riv] conta9s wat] en\gh to rea* ! sea1 ! inhabitants enjoy ! advantage ( hav+ fre% wat] )9 a mile & a half4 ,on ! bea* !re 7 l>ge piles ( m]*&ise1 & ! little place _h an air ( activity4 ,9 ! ev5+ ,i gave my adios1 ) a he>ty good-w1 to my companion ,m>iano ,gonzales1 ) :om ,i _h ridd5 s _m leagues 9 ,*ile4 ,! next morn+ ! ,beagle sail$ = ,iquique4 ,july #ab?4--,we an*or$ 9 ! port ( ,iquique1 9 lat4 #bj degs4 #ab'1 on ! coa/ ( ,p]u4 ,! t[n conta9s ab\t a ?\s& inhabitants1 & /&s on a little pla9 ( s& at ! foot ( a great wall ( rock1 #bjjj feet 9 height1 "h =m+ ! coa/4 ,! :ole is utt]ly des]t4 ,a light %[] ( ra9 falls only once 9 v _m ye>s2 & ! rav9es consequ5tly are fill$ ) detritus1 & ! m\nta9-sides cov]$ by piles ( f9e :ite s&1 ev5 to a height ( a ?\s& feet4 ,dur+ ?is season ( ! ye> a heavy bank ( cl\ds1 /ret*$ ov] ! ocean1 seldom rises above ! wall ( rocks on ! coa/4 ,! aspect ( ! place 0 mo/ gloomy2 ! little port1 ) its few vessels1 & small gr\p ( wret*$ h\ses1 seem$ ov]:elm$ & out ( all proportion ) ! re/ ( ! sc5e4 ,! inhabitants live l p]sons on bo>d a %ip3 e necess>y comes f a di/ance3 wat] is br\ght 9 boats f ,pisagua1 ab\t =ty miles nor?w>d1 & is sold at ! rate ( n9e reals 7#ds4 #f;d47 an eighte5-gallon cask3 ,i b\ght a w9e-bottle full = ?reep5ce4 ,9 l mann] firewood1 & ( c\rse e article ( food1 is import$4 ,v few animals c be ma9ta9$ 9 su* a place3 on ! ensu+ morn+ ,i hir$ ) difficulty1 at ! price ( f\r p\nds /]l+1 two mules & a guide to take me to ! nitrate ( soda works4 ,^! are at pres5t ! support ( ,iquique4 ,?is salt 0 fir/ export$ 9 #ahcj3 9 "o ye> an am\nt 9 value ( "o hundr$ ?\s& p\nds /]l+1 0 s5t to ,france & ,engl&4 ,x is pr9cipally us$ z a manure & 9 ! manufacture ( nitric acid3 ow+ to its deliquesc5t prop]ty x w n s]ve = gunp[d]4 ,=m]ly !re 7 two exce$+ly ri* silv]-m9es 9 ?is neighb\rhood1 b _! produce is n[ v small4 ,our arrival 9 ! (f+ caus$ "s little appreh5sion4 ,p]u 0 9 a /ate ( an>*y2 & ea* p>ty hav+ dem&$ a contribution1 ! poor t[n ( ,iquique 0 9 tribulation1 ?9k+ ! evil h\r 0 come4 ,! p _h also _! dome/ic tr\bles2 a %ort "t be=e1 ?ree ,fr5* c>p5t]s _h brok5 op51 dur+ ! same night1 ! two *ur*es1 & /ol5 all ! plate3 "o ( ! robb]s1 h[ev]1 subsequ5tly confess$1 & ! plate 0 recov]$4 ,! convicts 7 s5t to ,arequipa1 :i* ?\gh ! capital ( ?is prov9ce1 is two hundr$ leagues di/ant1 ! gov]nm5t !re ?\ght x a pity to puni% su* useful workm51 :o c\ld make all sorts ( furniture2 & accord+ly lib]at$ !m4 ,?+s be+ 9 ?is /ate1 ! *ur*es 7 aga9 brok5 op51 b ?is "t ! plate 0 n recov]$4 ,! inhabitants became dreadfully enrag$1 & decl>+ t none b h]etics w\ld ?us eat ,god ,almighty1 proce$$ to torture "s ,engli%m51 ) ! int5tion ( aft]w>ds %oot+ !m4 ,at la/ ! au?orities int]f]$1 & peace 0 e/abli%$4 #ac?4--,9 ! morn+ ,i />t$ = ! saltpetre-works1 a di/ance ( f\rte5 leagues4 ,hav+ asc5d$ ! /eep coa/-m\nta9s by a zigzag s&y track1 we soon came 9 view ( ! m9es ( ,guantajaya & ,/4 ,rosa4 ,^! two small villages are plac$ at ! v m\?s ( ! m9es2 & be+ p]*$ up on hills1 !y _h a /ill m unnatural & desolate appe>ance ?an ! t[n ( ,iquique4 ,we did n rea* ! saltpetre-works till aft] sunset1 hav+ ridd5 all day across an undulat+ c\ntry1 a complete & utt] des]t4 ,! road 0 /rew$ ) ! bones & dri$ sk9s ( _m bea/s ( burd5 :i* _h p]i%$ on x f fatigue4 ,except+ ! ,vultur aura1 :i* preys on ! c>casses1 ,i saw nei!r bird1 quadrup$1 reptile1 nor insect4 ,on ! coa/-m\nta9s1 at ! height ( ab\t #bjjj feet :]e dur+ ?is season ! cl\ds g5]ally hang1 a v few cacti 7 gr[+ 9 ! clefts ( rock2 & ! loose s& 0 /rew$ ov] ) a li*51 :i* lies on ! surface q unatta*$4 ,?is plant belongs to ! g5us ,cladonia1 & some:at resembles ! re9de] li*54 ,9 "s p>ts x 0 9 suffici5t quantity to t+e ! s&1 z se5 f a di/ance1 ( a pale yell[i% col\r4 ,fur!r inl&1 dur+ ! :ole ride ( f\rte5 leagues1 ,i saw only "o o!r vegetable production1 & t 0 a mo/ m9ute yell[ li*51 gr[+ on ! bones ( ! dead mules4 ,?is 0 ! fir/ true des]t :i* ,i _h se53 ! effect on me 0 n impressive2 b ,i believe ?is 0 ow+ to my hav+ become gradually accu/om$ to su* sc5es1 z ,i rode nor?w>d f ,valp>aiso1 ?r\gh ,coquimbo1 to ,copiapo4 ,! appe>ance ( ! c\ntry 0 rem>kable1 f be+ cov]$ by a ?ick cru/ ( common salt1 & ( a /ratifi$ salif]\s alluvium1 :i* seems to h be5 deposit$ z ! l& sl[ly rose above ! level ( ! sea4 ,! salt is :ite1 v h>d1 & compact3 x occurs 9 wat] worn nodules project+ f ! agglut9at$ s&1 & is associat$ ) mu* gypsum4 ,! appe>ance ( ?is sup]ficial mass v closely resembl$ t ( a c\ntry aft] sn[1 be=e ! la/ dirty pat*es are ?aw$4 ,! exi/5ce ( ?is cru/ ( a soluble sub/ance ov] ! :ole face ( ! c\ntry1 %[s h[ extraord9>ily dry ! climate mu/ h be5 = a long p]iod4 ,at night ,i slept at ! h\se ( ! own] ( "o ( ! saltpetre m9es4 ,! c\ntry is "h z unproductive z ne> ! coa/2 b wat]1 hav+ r a bitt] & bracki% ta/e1 c be procur$ by digg+ wells4 ,! well at ?is h\se 0 ?irty-six y>ds deep3 z sc>cely any ra9 falls1 x is evid5t ! wat] is n ?us d]iv$2 inde$ if x 71 x c\ld n fail to be z salt z br9e1 = ! :ole surr\nd+ c\ntry is incru/$ ) v>i\s sal9e sub/ances4 ,we mu/ !re=e conclude t x p]colates "u gr\nd f ! ,cordill]a1 ?\gh di/ant _m leagues4 ,9 t direction !re are a few small villages1 :]e ! inhabitants1 hav+ m wat]1 are enabl$ to irrigate a little l&1 & raise hay1 on :i* ! mules & asses1 employ$ 9 c>ry+ ! saltpetre1 are f$4 ,! nitrate ( soda 0 n[ sell+ at ! %ip's side at f\rte5 %ill+s p] hundr$ p\nds3 ! *ief exp5se is its transport to ! sea-coa/4 ,! m9e consi/s ( a h>d /ratum1 betwe5 two & ?ree feet ?ick1 ( ! nitrate m+l$ ) a little ( ! sulphate ( soda & a good deal ( common salt4 ,x lies close b5ea? ! surface1 & foll[s = a l5g? ( "o hundr$ & fifty miles ! m>g9 ( a gr& bas9 or pla92 ?is1 f its outl9e1 manife/ly mu/ once h be5 a lake1 or m probably an inl& arm ( ! sea1 z may be inf]r$ f ! pres5ce ( iodic salts 9 ! sal9e /ratum4 ,! surface ( ! pla9 is #ccjj feet above ! ,pacific4 #ai?4--,we an*or$ 9 ! ,bay ( ,callao1 ! seaport ( ,lima1 ! capital ( ,p]u4 ,we /ay$ "h six weeks b f ! tr\bl$ /ate ( public affairs1 ,i saw v little ( ! c\ntry4 ,dur+ our :ole visit ! climate 0 f> f be+ s delightful1 z x is g5]ally repres5t$4 ,a dull heavy bank ( cl\ds con/antly hung ov] ! l&1 s t dur+ ! fir/ sixte5 days ,i _h only "o view ( ! ,cordill]a beh9d ,lima4 ,^! m\nta9s1 se5 9 /ages1 "o above ! o!r1 ?r\gh op5+s 9 ! cl\ds1 _h a v gr& appe>ance4 ,x is almo/ become a prov]b1 t ra9 nev] falls 9 ! l[] "p ( ,p]u4 ,yet ?is c h>dly be consid]$ correct2 = dur+ almo/ e day ( our visit !re 0 a ?ick drizzl+ mi/1 :i* 0 suffici5t to make ! /reets muddy & "o's clo!s damp3 ?is ! p are pleas$ to call ,p]uvian dew4 ,t mu* ra9 does n fall is v c]ta91 = ! h\ses are cov]$ only ) flat ro(s made ( h>d5$ mud2 & on ! mole %iploads ( :eat 7 pil$ up1 be+ ?us left = weeks toge!r )\t any %elt]4 ,i _c say ,i lik$ ! v little ,i saw ( ,p]u3 9 summ]1 h[ev]1 x is said t ! climate is mu* pleasant]4 ,9 all seasons1 bo? inhabitants & =eign]s suff] f sev]e attacks ( ague4 ,?is disease is common on ! :ole coa/ ( ,p]u1 b is unkn[n 9 ! int]ior4 ,! attacks ( illness :i* arise f miasma nev] fail to appe> mo/ my/]i\s4 ,s difficult is x to judge f ! aspect ( a c\ntry1 :e!r or n x is heal?y1 t if a p]son _h be5 told to *oose )9 ! tropics a situation appe>+ fav\rable = heal?1 v probably he w\ld h nam$ ?is coa/4 ,! pla9 r\nd ! outskirts ( ,callao is sp>+ly cov]$ ) a co>se grass1 & 9 "s p>ts !re are a few /agnant1 ?\gh v small1 pools ( wat]4 ,! miasma1 9 all probability1 arises f ^!3 = ! t[n ( ,arica 0 simil>ly circum/anc$1 & its heal?9ess 0 mu* improv$ by ! dra9age ( "s little pools4 ,miasma is n always produc$ by a luxuriant vegetation ) an ard5t climate2 = _m p>ts ( ,brazil1 ev5 :]e !re are m>%es & a rank vegetation1 are mu* m heal?y ?an ?is /]ile coa/ ( ,p]u4 ,! d5se/ =e/s 9 a temp]ate climate1 z 9 ,*iloe1 d n seem 9 ! slighte/ degree to affect ! heal?y condition ( ! atmosph]e4 ,! isl& ( ,/4 ,jago1 at ! ,cape de ,v]ds1 (f]s ano!r /rongly m>k$ in/ance ( a c\ntry1 :i* any "o w\ld h expect$ to f9d mo/ heal?y1 be+ v mu* ! contr>y4 ,i h describ$ ! b>e & op5 pla9s z support+1 dur+ a few weeks aft] ! ra9y season1 a ?9 vegetation1 :i* directly )]s away & dries up3 at ?is p]iod ! air appe>s to become q poison\s2 bo? natives & =eign]s (t5 be+ affect$ ) viol5t fev]s4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! ,galapagos ,ar*ipelago1 9 ! ,pacific1 ) a simil> soil1 & p]iodically subject to ! same process ( vegetation1 is p]fectly heal?y4 ,humboldt has obs]v$1 t1 "u ! torrid zone1 ! smalle/ m>%es are ! mo/ dang]\s1 be+ surr\nd$1 z at ,v]a ,cruz & ,c>?ag5a1 ) an arid & s&y soil1 :i* raises ! temp]ature ( ! ambi5t air4 #e ,on ! coa/ ( ,p]u1 h[ev]1 ! temp]ature is n hot to any excessive degree2 & p]haps 9 consequ5ce1 ! int]mitt5t fev]s are n ( ! mo/ malignant ord]4 ,9 all unheal?y c\ntries ! greate/ risk is run by sleep+ on %ore4 ,is ?is ow+ to ! /ate ( ! body dur+ sleep1 or to a great] abundance ( miasma at su* times8 ,x appe>s c]ta9 t ^? :o /ay on bo>d a vessel1 ?\gh an*or$ at only a %ort di/ance f ! coa/1 g5]ally suff] less ?an ^? actually on %ore4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,i h he>d ( "o rem>kable case :]e a fev] broke out among ! crew ( a man-(-w> "s hundr$ miles (f ! coa/ ( ,africa1 & at ! same "t "o ( ^? fe>ful p]iods #f ( dea? comm5c$ at ,si]ra ,leone4 ,no /ate 9 ,s\? ,am]ica1 s9ce ! decl>ation ( indep5d5ce1 has suff]$ m f an>*y ?an ,p]u4 ,at ! "t ( our visit1 !re 7 f\r *iefs 9 arms cont5d+ = supremacy 9 ! gov]nm5t3 if "o succe$$ 9 becom+ = a "t v p[]ful1 ! o!rs coalesc$ aga9/ him2 b no soon] 7 !y victori\s1 ?an !y 7 aga9 ho/ile to ea* o!r4 ,! o!r day1 at ! ,anniv]s>y ( ! ,indep5d5ce1 high mass 0 p]=m$1 ! ,presid5t p>tak+ ( ! sacram5t3 dur+ ! ,te ,deum laudamus1 in/ead ( ea* regim5t display+ ! ,p]uvian flag1 a black "o ) dea?'s head 0 unfurl$4 ,imag9e a gov]nm5t "u :i* su* a sc5e c\ld be ord]$1 on su* an occasion1 to be typical ( _! det]m9ation ( fight+ to dea?6 ,?is /ate ( affairs happ5$ at a "t v un=tunately = me1 z ,i 0 preclud$ f tak+ any excursions mu* beyond ! limits ( ! t[n4 ,! b>r5 isl& ( ,/4 ,lor5zo1 :i* =ms ! h>b\r1 0 ne>ly ! only place :]e "o c\ld walk securely4 ,! upp] "p1 :i* is upw>ds ( #ajjj feet 9 height1 dur+ ?is season ( ! ye> 7w9t]71 comes )9 ! l[] limit ( ! cl\ds2 & 9 consequ5ce1 an abundant cryptogamic vegetation1 & a few fl[]s cov] ! summit4 ,on ! hills ne> ,lima1 at a height b little great]1 ! gr\nd is c>pet$ ) moss1 & b$s ( beautiful yell[ lilies1 call$ ,amancaes4 ,?is indicates a v mu* great] degree ( humidity1 ?an at a correspond+ height at ,iquique4 ,proce$+ nor?w>d ( ,lima1 ! climate becomes damp]1 till on ! banks ( ! ,guayaquil1 ne>ly "u ! equator1 we f9d ! mo/ luxuriant =e/s4 ,! *ange1 h[ev]1 f ! /]ile coa/ ( ,p]u to t f]tile l& is describ$ z tak+ place r abruptly 9 ! latitude ( ,cape ,blanco1 two degrees s\? ( ,guayaquil4 ,callao is a fil?y1 ill-built1 small seaport4 ,! inhabitants1 bo? "h & at ,lima1 pres5t e imag9able %ade ( mixture1 betwe5 ,european1 ,negro1 & ,indian blood4 ,!y appe> a deprav$1 drunk5 set ( p4 ,! atmosph]e is load$ ) f\l smells1 & t peculi> "o1 :i* may be p]ceiv$ 9 almo/ e t[n )9 ! tropics1 0 "h v /rong4 ,! =tress1 :i* )/ood ,"l ,co*rane's long siege1 has an impos+ appe>ance4 ,b ! ,presid5t1 dur+ our /ay1 sold ! brass guns1 & proce$$ to dismantle p>ts ( x4 ,! reason assign$ 01 t he _h n an (fic] to :om he c\ld tru/ s important a *>ge4 ,he himself _h good reason = ?9k+ s1 z he _h obta9$ ! presid5t%ip by rebell+ :ile 9 *>ge ( ?is same =tress4 ,aft] we left ,s\? ,am]ica1 he paid ! p5alty 9 ! usual mann]1 by be+ conqu]$1 tak5 prison]1 & %ot4 ,lima /&s on a pla9 9 a valley1 =m$ dur+ ! gradual retreat ( ! sea4 ,x is sev5 miles f ,callao1 & is elevat$ #ejj feet above x2 b f ! slope be+ v gradual1 ! road appe>s absolutely level2 s t :5 at ,lima x is difficult to believe "o has asc5d$ ev5 "o hundr$ feet3 ,humboldt has rem>k$ on ?is s+ul>ly deceptive case4 ,/eep b>r5 hills rise l isl&s f ! pla91 :i* is divid$1 by /raight mud-walls1 into l>ge gre5 fields4 ,9 ^! sc>cely a tree gr[s except+ a few will[s1 & an occasional clump ( bananas & ( oranges4 ,! city ( ,lima is n[ 9 a wret*$ /ate ( decay3 ! /reets are ne>ly unpav$2 & heaps ( fil? are pil$ up 9 all directions1 :]e ! black gall9azos1 tame z p\ltry1 pick up bits ( c>rion4 ,! h\ses h g5]ally an upp] /ory1 built on acc\nt ( ! e>?quakes1 ( pla/]$ woodwork b "s ( ! old ones1 :i* are n[ us$ by sev]al families1 are imm5sely l>ge1 & w\ld rival 9 suites ( ap>tm5ts ! mo/ magnific5t 9 any place4 ,lima1 ! ,city ( ! ,k+s1 mu/ =m]ly h be5 a spl5did t[n4 ,! extraord9>y numb] ( *ur*es gives x1 ev5 at ! pres5t day1 a peculi> & /rik+ "*1 especially :5 view$ f a %ort di/ance4 ,"o day ,i w5t out ) "s m]*ants to hunt 9 ! imm$iate vic9ity ( ! city4 ,our sport 0 v poor2 b ,i _h an opportunity ( see+ ! ru9s ( "o ( ! anci5t ,indian villages1 ) its m\nd l a natural hill 9 ! c5tre4 ,! rema9s ( h\ses1 enclosures1 irrigat+ /reams1 & burial m\nds1 scatt]$ ov] ?is pla91 _c fail to give "o a high idea ( ! condition & numb] ( ! anci5t population4 ,:5 _! e>!nw>e1 wooll5 clo!s1 ut5sils ( elegant =ms cut out ( ! h>de/ rocks1 tools ( copp]1 ornam5ts ( preci\s /ones1 palaces1 & hydraulic works1 are consid]$1 x is impossible n to respect ! consid]able advance made by !m 9 ! arts ( civilization4 ,! burial m\nds1 call$ ,huacas1 are really /up5d\s2 al?\gh 9 "s places !y appe> to be natural hills incas$ & modell$4 ,!re is also ano!r & v diff]5t class ( ru9s1 :i* possesses "s int]e/1 namely1 ^? ( old ,callao1 ov]:elm$ by ! great e>?quake ( #agdf1 & its accompany+ wave4 ,! de/ruction mu/ h be5 m complete ev5 ?an at ,talcahuano4 ,quantities ( %+le almo/ conceal ! f\ndations ( ! walls1 & va/ masses ( brickwork appe> to h be5 :irl$ ab\t l pebbles by ! retir+ waves4 ,x has be5 /at$ t ! l& subsid$ dur+ ?is memorable %ock3 ,i c\ld n discov] any pro( ( ?is2 yet x seems f> f improbable1 = ! =m ( ! coa/ mu/ c]ta9ly h und]gone "s *ange s9ce ! f\ndation ( ! old t[n2 z no p 9 _! s5ses w\ld will+ly h *os5 = _! build+ place1 ! n>r[ spit ( %+le on :i* ! ru9s n[ /&4 ,s9ce our voyage1 ,m4 ,ts*udi has come to ! conclusion1 by ! comp>ison ( old & mod]n maps1 t ! coa/ bo? nor? & s\? ( ,lima has c]ta9ly subsid$4 ,on ! isl& ( ,san ,lor5zo1 !re are v satisfactory pro(s ( elevation )9 ! rec5t p]iod2 ?is ( c\rse is n oppos$ to ! belief1 ( a small s9k+ ( ! gr\nd hav+ subsequ5tly tak5 place4 ,! side ( ?is isl& front+ ! ,bay ( ,callao1 is worn into ?ree obscure t]races1 ! l[] "o ( :i* is cov]$ by a b$ a mile 9 l5g?1 almo/ :olly compos$ ( %ells ( eighte5 species1 n[ liv+ 9 ! adjo9+ sea4 ,! height ( ?is b$ is eighty-five feet4 ,_m ( ! %ells are deeply corrod$1 & h a mu* old] & m decay$ appe>ance ?an ^? at ! height ( #ejj or #fjj feet on ! coa/ ( ,*ile4 ,^! %ells are associat$ ) mu* common salt1 a little sulphate ( lime 7bo? probably left by ! evaporation ( ! spray1 z ! l& sl[ly rose71 toge!r ) sulphate ( soda & muriate ( lime4 ,!y re/ on fragm5ts ( ! und]ly+ s&/one1 & are cov]$ by a few in*es ?ick ( detritus4 ,! %ells1 high] up on ?is t]race c\ld be trac$ scal+ (f 9 flakes1 & fall+ into an impalpable p[d]2 & on an upp] t]race1 at ! height ( #agj feet1 & likewise at "s consid]ably high] po9ts1 ,i f\nd a lay] ( sal9e p[d] ( exactly simil> appe>ance1 & ly+ 9 ! same relative position4 ,i h no d\bt t ?is upp] lay] orig9ally exi/$ z a b$ ( %ells1 l t on ! eighty-five-feet l$ge2 b x does n n[ conta9 ev5 a trace ( organic /ructure4 ,! p[d] has be5 analyz$ = me by ,mr4 ,t4 ,reeks2 x consi/s ( sulphates & muriates bo? ( lime & soda1 ) v little c>bonate ( lime4 ,x is kn[n t common salt & c>bonate ( lime left 9 a mass = "s "t toge!r1 p>tly decompose ea* o!r2 ?\gh ?is does n happ5 ) small quantities 9 solution4 ,z ! half-decompos$ %ells 9 ! l[] p>ts are associat$ ) mu* common salt1 toge!r ) "s ( ! sal9e sub/ances compos+ ! upp] sal9e lay]1 & z ^! %ells are corrod$ & decay$ 9 a rem>kable mann]1 ,i /rongly suspect t ?is d\ble decomposition has "h tak5 place4 ,! resultant salts1 h[ev]1 ought to be c>bonate ( soda & muriate ( lime1 ! latt] is pres5t1 b n ! c>bonate ( soda4 ,h5ce ,i am l$ to imag9e t by "s unexpla9$ means1 ! c>bonate ( soda becomes *ang$ into ! sulphate4 ,x is obvi\s t ! sal9e lay] c\ld n h be5 pres]v$ 9 any c\ntry 9 :i* abundant ra9 occasionally fell3 on ! o!r h&1 ?is v circum/ance1 :i* at fir/ sight appe>s s highly fav\rable to ! long pres]vation ( expos$ %ells1 has probably be5 ! indirect means1 ?r\gh ! common salt n hav+ be5 wa%$ away1 ( _! decomposition & e>ly decay4 ,i 0 mu* int]e/$ by f9d+ on ! t]race1 at ! height ( eighty-five feet1 emb$d$ amid/ ! %ells & mu* sea-drift$ rubbi%1 "s bits ( cotton ?read1 plait$ ru%1 & ! head ( a /alk ( ,indian corn3 ,i comp>$ ^! relics ) simil> ones tak5 out ( ! ,huacas1 or old ,p]uvian tombs1 & f\nd !m id5tical 9 appe>ance4 ,on ! ma9l& 9 front ( ,san ,lor5zo1 ne> ,bellavi/a1 !re is an ext5sive & level pla9 ab\t a hundr$ feet high1 ( :i* ! l[] "p is =m$ ( alt]nat+ lay]s ( s& & impure clay1 toge!r ) "s gravel1 & ! surface1 to ! dep? ( f ?ree to six feet1 ( a r$di% loam1 conta9+ a few scatt]$ sea-%ells & num]\s small fragm5ts ( co>se r$ e>!nw>e1 m abundant at c]ta9 spots ?an at o!rs4 ,at fir/ ,i 0 incl9$ to believe t ?is sup]ficial b$1 f its wide ext5t & smoo?ness1 mu/ h be5 deposit$ b5ea? ! sea2 b ,i aft]w>ds f\nd 9 "o spot1 t x lay on an artificial floor ( r\nd /ones4 ,x seems1 !re=e1 mo/ probable t at a p]iod :5 ! l& /ood at a l[] level !re 0 a pla9 v simil> to t n[ surr\nd+ ,callao1 :i* be+ protect$ by a %+le bea*1 is rais$ b v little above ! level ( ! sea4 ,on ?is pla91 ) its und]ly+ r$-clay b$s1 ,i imag9e t ! ,indians manufactur$ _! e>!n vessels2 & t1 dur+ "s viol5t e>?quake1 ! sea broke ov] ! bea*1 & conv]t$ ! pla9 into a tempor>y lake1 z happ5$ r\nd ,callao 9 #agac & #agdf4 ,! wat] w\ld !n h deposit$ mud1 conta9+ fragm5ts ( pott]y f ! kilns1 m abundant at "s spots ?an at o!rs1 & %ells f ! sea4 ,?is b$1 ) fossil e>!nw>e1 /&s at ab\t ! same height ) ! %ells on ! l[] t]race ( ,san ,lor5zo1 9 :i* ! cotton-?read & o!r relics 7 emb$d$4 ,h5ce we may safely conclude1 t )9 ! ,indo-human p]iod !re has be5 an elevation1 z be=e allud$ to1 ( m ?an eighty-five feet2 = "s little elevation mu/ h be5 lo/ by ! coa/ hav+ subsid$ s9ce ! old maps 7 engrav$4 ,at ,valp>aiso1 al?\gh 9 ! #bbj ye>s be=e our visit1 ! elevation _c h exce$$ n9ete5 feet1 yet subsequ5tly to #ahag1 !re has be5 a rise1 p>tly ins5sible & p>tly by a />t dur+ ! %ock ( #ahbb1 ( t5 or elev5 feet4 ,! antiquity ( ! ,indo-human race "h1 judg+ by ! eighty-five feet rise ( ! l& s9ce ! relics 7 emb$d$1 is ! m rem>kable1 z on ! coa/ ( ,patagonia1 :5 ! l& /ood ab\t ! same numb] ( feet l[]1 ! ,macrau*5ia 0 a liv+ bea/2 b z ! ,patagonian coa/ is "s way di/ant f ! ,cordill]a1 ! ris+ !re may h be5 sl[] ?an "h4 ,at ,bahia ,blanca1 ! elevation has be5 only a few feet s9ce ! num]\s gigantic quadrup$s 7 !re entomb$2 &1 accord+ to ! g5]ally receiv$ op9ion1 :5 ^! ext9ct animals 7 liv+1 man did n exi/4 ,b ! ris+ ( t "p ( ! coa/ ( ,patagonia1 is p]haps no way connect$ ) ! ,cordill]a1 b r ) a l9e ( old volcanic rocks 9 ,b&a ,ori5tal1 s t x may h be5 inf9itely sl[] ?an on ! %ores ( ,p]u4 ,all ^! speculations1 h[ev]1 mu/ be vague2 = :o w pret5d to say t !re may n h be5 sev]al p]iods ( subsid5ce1 int]calat$ betwe5 ! movem5ts ( elevation2 = we "k t along ! :ole coa/ ( ,patagonia1 !re h c]ta9ly be5 _m & long pauses 9 ! upw>d action ( ! elevatory =ces4 #a ,vol4 iv4 p4 #aa1 & vol4 ii4 p4 #bag4 ,= ! rem>ks on ,guayaquil1 see ,silliman's ,j\rn41 vol4 xxiv4 p4 #chd4 ,= ^? on ,tacna by ,mr4 ,hamilton1 see ,trans4 ( ,briti% ,association1 #ahdj4 ,= ^? on ,cosegu9a see ,mr4 ,caldcleugh 9 ,phil4 ,trans41 #ahce4 ,9 ! =m] edition ,i collect$ sev]al ref]5ces on ! co9cid5ces betwe5 sudd5 falls 9 ! b>omet] & e>?quakes2 & betwe5 e>?quakes & meteors4 #b ,obs]va4 sobre el ,clima de ,lima1 p4 #fg4--;,az>a's ,travels1 vol4 i4 p4 #cha4--,ulloa's ,voyage1 vol4 ii4 p4 #bh4--;,bur*ell's ,travels1 vol4 ii4 p4 #ebd4--,web/]'s ,description ( ! ,azores1 p4 #abd4--,voyage a l',isle de ,france p> un ,(fic] du ,roi1 tom4 i4 p4 #bdh4--;,description ( ,/4 ,hel5a1 p4 #abc4 #c ,temple1 9 8 travels ?r\gh ,upp] ,p]u1 or ,bolivia1 9 go+ f ,potosi to ,oruro1 says1 ,i saw _m ,indian villages or dwell+s 9 ru9s1 up ev5 to ! v tops ( ! m\nta9s1 atte/+ a =m] population :]e n[ all is desolate4 ,he makes simil> rem>ks 9 ano!r place2 b ,i _c tell :e!r ?is desolation has be5 caus$ by a want ( population1 or by an alt]$ condition ( ! l&4 #d ,ed9burgh1 ,phil4 ,j\rn41 ,jan41 #ahcj1 p4 #gd2 & ,april1 #ahcj1 p4 #beh--;also ,daub5y on ,volcanoes1 p4 #dch2 & ,b5gal ,j\rn41 vol4 vii4 p4 #cbd4 #e ,political ,essay on ! ,k+dom ( ,new ,spa91 vol4 iv4 p4 #aii4 #f ,a simil> int]e/+ case is record$ 9 ! ,madras ,m$ical ,qu>t4 ,j\rn41 #ahci1 p4 #cdj4 ,dr4 ,f]guson1 9 8 admirable ,pap] 7see #i? vol4 ( ,ed9burgh ,royal ,trans471 %[s cle>ly t ! poison is g5]at$ 9 ! dry+ process2 & h5ce t dry hot c\ntries are (t5 ! mo/ unheal?y4 ,,*apt] ,,xvii ,,galapagos ,,ar*ipelago ,! :ole ,gr\p ,volcanic--,numb]s ( ,crat]s--,leafless ,bu%es ,colony at ,*>les ,isl&--,james ,isl&--,salt-lake 9 ,crat]--,natural ,hi/ory ( ! ,gr\p--,orni?ology1 curi\s ,f9*es--,reptiles--,great ,tortoises1 habits (--,m>9e ,liz>d1 fe$s on ,sea-we$--,t]re/rial ,liz>d1 burr[+ habits1 h]bivor\s--,importance ( ,reptiles 9 ! ,ar*ipelago--,fi%1 ,%ells1 ,insects--,botany--,am]ican ,type ( ,organization--,diff]5ces 9 ! ,species or ,races on diff]5t ,isl&s--,tam5ess ( ! ,birds--,fe> ( ,man1 an acquir$ ,in/9ct4 ,,septemb] #ae?4--,?is ar*ipelago consi/s ( t5 pr9cipal isl&s1 ( :i* five exce$ ! o!rs 9 size4 ,!y are situat$ "u ! ,equator1 & betwe5 five & six hundr$ miles we/w>d ( ! coa/ ( ,am]ica4 ,!y are all =m$ ( volcanic rocks2 a few fragm5ts ( granite curi\sly glaz$ & alt]$ by ! heat1 c h>dly be consid]$ z an exception4 ,"s ( ! crat]s1 surm\nt+ ! l>g] isl&s1 are ( imm5se size1 & !y rise to a height ( betwe5 ?ree & f\r ?\s& feet4 ,_! flanks are /udd$ by innum]able small] orifices4 ,i sc>cely hesitate to affirm1 t !re mu/ be 9 ! :ole ar*ipelago at lea/ two ?\s& crat]s4 ,^! consi/ ei!r ( lava or scoriae1 or ( f9ely-/ratifi$1 s&/one-l tuff4 ,mo/ ( ! latt] are beautifully symmetrical2 !y owe _! orig9 to eruptions ( volcanic mud )\t any lava3 x is a rem>kable circum/ance t e "o ( ! tw5ty-eight tuff-crat]s :i* 7 exam9$1 _h _! s\!rn sides ei!r mu* l[] ?an ! o!r sides1 or q brok5 d[n & remov$4 ,z all ^! crat]s app>5tly h be5 =m$ :5 /&+ 9 ! sea1 & z ! waves f ! trade w9d & ! swell f ! op5 ,pacific "h unite _! =ces on ! s\!rn coa/s ( all ! isl&s1 ?is s+ul> uni=mity 9 ! brok5 /ate ( ! crat]s1 compos$ ( ! s(t & yield+ tuff1 is easily expla9$4 ,consid]+ t ^! isl&s are plac$ directly "u ! equator1 ! climate is f> f be+ excessively hot2 ?is seems *iefly caus$ by ! s+ul>ly l[ temp]ature ( ! surr\nd+ wat]1 br\ght "h by ! great s\!rn map ,pol> curr5t4 ,except+ dur+ "o %ort season1 v little ra9 falls1 & ev5 !n x is irregul>2 b ! cl\ds g5]ally hang l[4 ,h5ce1 :il/ ! l[] p>ts ( ! isl&s are v /]ile1 ! upp] p>ts1 at a height ( a ?\s& feet & upw>ds1 possess a damp climate & a tol]ably luxuriant vegetation4 ,?is is especially ! case on ! w9dw>d sides ( ! isl&s1 :i* fir/ receive & cond5se ! moi/ure f ! atmosph]e4 ,9 ! morn+ 7#ag?7 we l&$ on ,*a?am ,isl&1 :i*1 l ! o!rs1 rises ) a tame & r\nd$ outl9e1 brok5 "h & !re by scatt]$ hillocks1 ! rema9s ( =m] crat]s4 ,no?+ c\ld be less invit+ ?an ! fir/ appe>ance4 ,a brok5 field ( black basaltic lava1 ?r[n into ! mo/ rugg$ waves1 & cross$ by great fissures1 is ev]y:]e cov]$ by /unt$1 sun-burnt bru%wood1 :i* %[s little signs ( life4 ,! dry & p>*$ surface1 be+ heat$ by ! noon-day sun1 gave to ! air a close & sultry feel+1 l t f a /ove3 we fanci$ ev5 t ! bu%es smelt unpleasantly4 ,al?\gh ,i dilig5tly tri$ to collect z _m plants z possible1 ,i succe$$ 9 gett+ v few2 & su* wret*$-look+ little we$s w\ld h bett] become an arctic ?an an equatorial ,flora4 ,! bru%wood appe>s1 f a %ort di/ance1 z leafless z our trees dur+ w9t]2 & x 0 "s "t be=e ,i discov]$ t n only almo/ e plant 0 n[ 9 full leaf1 b t ! great] numb] 7 9 fl[]4 ,! commone/ bu% is "o ( ! ,euphorbiaceae3 an acacia & a great odd-look+ cactus are ! only trees :i* af=d any %ade4 ,aft] ! season ( heavy ra9s1 ! isl&s are said to appe> = a %ort "t p>tially gre54 ,! volcanic isl& ( ,f]n&o ,noronha1 plac$ 9 _m respects "u ne>ly simil> conditions1 is ! only o!r c\ntry :]e ,i h se5 a vegetation at all l ?is ( ! ,galapagos ,isl&s4 ,! ,beagle sail$ r\nd ,*a?am ,isl&1 & an*or$ 9 sev]al bays4 ,"o night ,i slept on %ore on a "p ( ! isl&1 :]e black truncat$ cones 7 extraord9>ily num]\s3 f "o small em95ce ,i c\nt$ sixty ( !m1 all surm\nt$ by crat]s m or less p]fect4 ,! great] numb] consi/$ m]ely ( a r+ ( r$ scoriae or slags1 cem5t$ toge!r3 & _! height above ! pla9 ( lava 0 n m ?an f fifty to a hundr$ feet2 none _h be5 v lately active4 ,! entire surface ( ?is "p ( ! isl& seems to h be5 p]meat$1 l a sieve1 by ! subt]ranean vap\rs3 "h & !re ! lava1 :il/ s(t1 has be5 bl[n into great bubbles2 & 9 o!r p>ts1 ! tops ( cav]ns simil>ly =m$ h fall5 91 leav+ circul> pits ) /eep sides4 ,f ! regul> =m ( ! _m crat]s1 !y gave to ! c\ntry an artificial appe>ance1 :i* vividly rem9d$ me ( ^? p>ts ( ,/af=d%ire1 :]e ! great iron-f\ndries are mo/ num]\s4 ,! day 0 gl[+ hot1 & ! scrambl+ ov] ! r\gh surface & ?r\gh ! intricate ?ickets1 0 v fatigu+2 b ,i 0 well repaid by ! /range ,cyclopean sc5e4 ,z ,i 0 walk+ along ,i met two l>ge tortoises1 ea* ( :i* mu/ h weigh$ at lea/ two hundr$ p\nds3 "o 0 eat+ a piece ( cactus1 & z ,i approa*$1 x />$ at me & sl[ly walk$ away2 ! o!r gave a deep hiss1 & drew 9 its head4 ,^! huge reptiles1 surr\nd$ by ! black lava1 ! leafless %rubs1 & l>ge cacti1 seem$ to my fancy l "s ant$iluvian animals4 ,! few dull-col\r$ birds c>$ no m = me ?an !y did = ! great tortoises4 #bcrd4--,! ,beagle proce$$ to ,*>les ,isl&4 ,?is ar*ipelago has long be5 frequ5t$1 fir/ by ! bucani]s1 & latt]ly by :al]s1 b x is only )9 ! la/ six ye>s1 t a small colony has be5 e/abli%$ "h4 ,! inhabitants are betwe5 two & ?ree hundr$ 9 numb]2 !y are ne>ly all p ( col\r1 :o h be5 bani%$ = political crimes f ! ,republic ( ! ,equator1 ( :i* ,quito is ! capital4 ,! settlem5t is plac$ ab\t f\r & a half miles inl&1 & at a height probably ( a ?\s& feet4 ,9 ! fir/ "p ( ! road we pass$ ?r\gh leafless ?ickets1 z 9 ,*a?am ,isl&4 ,high] up1 ! woods gradually became gre5]2 & z soon z we cross$ ! ridge ( ! isl&1 we 7 cool$ by a f9e s\!rly breeze1 & our sight refre%$ by a gre5 & ?riv+ vegetation4 ,9 ?is upp] region co>se grasses & f]ns ab\nd2 b !re are no tree-f]ns3 ,i saw n[h]e any memb] ( ! palm family1 :i* is ! m s+ul>1 z #cfj miles nor?w>d1 ,cocos ,isl& takes its "n f ! numb] ( cocoa-nuts4 ,! h\ses are irregul>ly scatt]$ ov] a flat space ( gr\nd1 :i* is cultivat$ ) sweet potatoes & bananas4 ,x w n easily be imag9$ h[ pleasant ! sight ( black mud 0 to u1 aft] hav+ be5 s long1 accu/om$ to ! p>*$ soil ( ,p]u & nor!rn ,*ile4 ,! inhabitants1 al?\gh compla9+ ( pov]ty1 obta91 )\t mu* tr\ble1 ! means ( subsi/5ce4 ,9 ! woods !re are _m wild pigs & goats2 b ! /aple article ( animal food is suppli$ by ! tortoises4 ,_! numb]s h ( c\rse be5 greatly r$uc$ 9 ?is isl&1 b ! p yet c\nt on two days' hunt+ giv+ !m food = ! re/ ( ! week4 ,x is said t =m]ly s+le vessels h tak5 away z _m z sev5 hundr$1 & t ! %ip's company ( a frigate "s ye>s s9ce br\ght d[n 9 "o day two hundr$ tortoises to ! bea*4 ,septemb] #bi?4--,we d\bl$ ! s\?-we/ extremity ( ,albem>le ,isl&1 & ! next day 7 ne>ly becalm$ betwe5 x & ,n>bor\gh ,isl&4 ,bo? are cov]$ ) imm5se deluges ( black nak$ lava1 :i* h fl[$ ei!r ov] ! rims ( ! great caldrons1 l pit* ov] ! rim ( a pot 9 :i* x has be5 boil$1 or h bur/ =? f small] orifices on ! flanks2 9 _! desc5t !y h spread ov] miles ( ! sea-coa/4 ,on bo? ( ^! isl&s1 eruptions are kn[n to h tak5 place2 & 9 ,albem>le1 we saw a small jet ( smoke curl+ f ! summit ( "o ( ! great crat]s4 ,9 ! ev5+ we an*or$ 9 ,bank's ,cove1 9 ,albem>le ,isl&4 ,! next morn+ ,i w5t out walk+4 ,to ! s\? ( ! brok5 tuff-crat]1 9 :i* ! ,beagle 0 an*or$1 !re 0 ano!r beautifully symmetrical "o ( an elliptic =m2 its long] axis 0 a little less ?an a mile1 & its dep? ab\t #ejj feet4 ,at its bottom !re 0 a %all[ lake1 9 ! middle ( :i* a t9y crat] =m$ an islet4 ,! day 0 ov]p[]+ly hot1 & ! lake look$ cle> & blue3 ,i hurri$ d[n ! c9d]y slope1 &1 *ok$ ) du/1 eag]ly ta/$ ! wat]--b1 to my sorr[1 ,i f\nd x salt z br9e4 ,! rocks on ! coa/ ab\nd$ ) great black liz>ds1 betwe5 ?ree & f\r feet long2 & on ! hills1 an ugly yell[i%-br[n species 0 equally common4 ,we saw _m ( ?is latt] k9d1 "s clumsily runn+ out ( ! way1 & o!rs %uffl+ into _! burr[s4 ,i %all pres5tly describe 9 m detail ! habits ( bo? ^! reptiles4 ,! :ole ( ?is nor!rn "p ( ,albem>le ,isl& is mis]ably /]ile4 ,octob] #h?4--,we arriv$ at ,james ,isl&3 ?is isl&1 z well z ,*>les ,isl&1 7 long s9ce ?us nam$ aft] our k+s ( ! ,/u>t l9e4 ,mr4 ,bynoe1 myself1 & our s]vants 7 left "h = a week1 ) provisions & a t5t1 :il/ ! ,beagle w5t = wat]4 ,we f\nd "h a p>ty ( ,spani>ds1 :o _h be5 s5t f ,*>les ,isl& to dry fi%1 & to salt tortoise-meat4 ,ab\t six miles inl&1 & at ! height ( ne>ly #bjjj feet1 a hovel _h be5 built 9 :i* two m5 liv$1 :o 7 employ$ 9 cat*+ tortoises1 :il/ ! o!rs 7 fi%+ on ! coa/4 ,i paid ?is p>ty two visits1 & slept !re "o night4 ,z 9 ! o!r isl&s1 ! l[] region 0 cov]$ by ne>ly leafless bu%es1 b ! trees 7 "h ( a l>g] gr[? ?an else:]e1 sev]al be+ two feet & "s ev5 two feet n9e in*es 9 diamet]4 ,! upp] region be+ kept damp by ! cl\ds1 supports a gre5 & fl\ri%+ vegetation4 ,s damp 0 ! gr\nd1 t !re 7 l>ge b$s ( a co>se cyp]us1 9 :i* great numb]s ( a v small wat]-rail liv$ & br$4 ,:ile /ay+ 9 ?is upp] region1 we liv$ entirely ^u tortoise-meat3 ! brea/-plate roa/$ 7z ! ,gau*os d c>ne con cu]o71 ) ! fle% on x1 is v good2 & ! "y tortoises make excell5t s\p2 b o!rwise ! meat to my ta/e is indiff]5t4 ,"o day we accompani$ a p>ty ( ! ,spani>ds 9 _! :ale-boat to a sal9a1 or lake f :i* salt is procur$4 ,aft] l&+1 we _h a v r\gh walk ov] a rugg$ field ( rec5t lava1 :i* has almo/ surr\nd$ a tuff-crat]1 at ! bottom ( :i* ! salt-lake lies4 ,! wat] is only ?ree or f\r in*es deep1 & re/s on a lay] ( beautifully cry/alliz$1 :ite salt4 ,! lake is q circul>1 & is fr+$ ) a bord] ( bright gre5 succul5t plants2 ! almo/ precipit\s walls ( ! crat] are clo!d ) wood1 s t ! sc5e 0 altoge!r bo? picturesque & curi\s4 ,a few ye>s s9ce1 ! sailors belong+ to a seal+-vessel murd]$ _! capta9 9 ?is quiet spot2 & we saw 8 skull ly+ among ! bu%es4 ,dur+ ! great] "p ( our /ay ( a week1 ! sky 0 cl\dless1 & if ! trade-w9d fail$ = an h\r1 ! heat became v oppressive4 ,on two days1 ! !rmomet] )9 ! t5t /ood = "s h\rs at #ic degs42 b 9 ! op5 air1 9 ! w9d & sun1 at only #he degs4 ,! s& 0 extremely hot2 ! !rmomet] plac$ 9 "s ( a br[n col\r imm$iately rose to #acg degs41 & h[ mu* above t x w\ld h ris51 ,i d n "k1 = x 0 n graduat$ any high]4 ,! black s& felt mu* hott]1 s t ev5 9 ?ick boots x 0 q disagreeable to walk ov] x4 ,! natural hi/ory ( ^! isl&s is em95tly curi\s1 & well des]ves att5tion4 ,mo/ ( ! organic productions are aborig9al creations1 f\nd n[h]e else2 !re is ev5 a diff]5ce betwe5 ! inhabitants ( ! diff]5t isl&s2 yet all %[ a m>k$ relation%ip ) ^? ( ,am]ica1 ?\gh sep>at$ f t cont95t by an op5 space ( ocean1 betwe5 #ejj & #fjj miles 9 wid?4 ,! ar*ipelago is a little _w )9 itself1 or r a satellite atta*$ to ,am]ica1 :5ce x has d]iv$ a few /ray coloni/s1 & has receiv$ ! g5]al "* ( its indig5\s productions4 ,consid]+ ! small size ( ! isl&s1 we feel ! m a/oni%$ at ! numb] ( _! aborig9al be+s1 & at _! conf9$ range4 ,see+ e height cr[n$ ) its crat]1 & ! b\nd>ies ( mo/ ( ! lava-/reams /ill di/9ct1 we are l$ to believe t )9 a p]iod geologically rec5t ! unbrok5 ocean 0 "h spread out4 ,h5ce1 bo? 9 space & "t1 we seem to be br\ght some:at ne> to t great fact--t my/]y ( my/]ies--! fir/ appe>ance ( new be+s on ?is e>?4 ,( t]re/rial mammals1 !re is only "o :i* mu/ be consid]$ z indig5\s1 namely1 a m\se 7,mus ,galapago5sis71 & ?is is conf9$1 z f> z ,i c\ld asc]ta91 to ,*a?am ,isl&1 ! mo/ ea/]ly isl& ( ! gr\p4 ,x belongs1 z ,i am in=m$ by ,mr4 ,wat]h\se1 to a division ( ! family ( mice *>act]i/ic ( ,am]ica4 ,at ,james ,isl&1 !re is a rat suffici5tly di/9ct f ! common k9d to h be5 nam$ & describ$ by ,mr4 ,wat]h\se2 b z x belongs to ! old-_w division ( ! family1 & z ?is isl& has be5 frequ5t$ by %ips = ! la/ hundr$ & fifty ye>s1 ,i c h>dly d\bt t ?is rat is m]ely a v>iety produc$ by ! new & peculi> climate1 food1 & soil1 to :i* x has be5 subject$4 ,al?\gh no "o has a "r to speculate )\t di/9ct facts1 yet ev5 ) respect to ! ,*a?am ,isl& m\se1 x %\ld be borne 9 m9d1 t x may possibly be an ,am]ican species import$ "h2 = ,i h se51 9 a mo/ unfrequ5t$ "p ( ! ,pampas1 a native m\se liv+ 9 ! ro( ( a newly built hovel1 & !re=e its transportation 9 a vessel is n improbable3 analog\s facts h be5 obs]v$ by ,dr4 ,ri*>dson 9 ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,( l&-birds ,i obta9$ tw5ty-six k9ds1 all peculi> to ! gr\p & f\nd n[h]e else1 ) ! exception ( "o l>k-l f9* f ,nor? ,am]ica 7,doli*onyx oryzivorus71 :i* ranges on t cont95t z f> nor? z #ed degs41 & g5]ally frequ5ts m>%es4 ,! o!r tw5ty-five birds consi/1 fir/ly1 ( a hawk1 curi\sly int]m$iate 9 /ructure betwe5 a buzz>d & ! ,am]ican gr\p ( c>rion-fe$+ ,polybori2 & ) ^! latt] birds x agrees mo/ closely 9 e habit & ev5 tone ( voice4 ,secondly1 !re are two owls1 repres5t+ ! %ort-e>$ & :ite b>n-owls ( ,europe4 ,?irdly1 a wr51 ?ree tyrant-flycat*]s 7two ( !m species ( ,pyrocephalus1 "o or bo? ( :i* w\ld be rank$ by "s orni?ologi/s z only v>ieties71 & a dove--all analog\s to1 b di/9ct f1 ,am]ican species4 ,f\r?ly1 a swall[1 :i* ?\gh diff]+ f ! ,progne purpurea ( bo? ,am]icas1 only 9 be+ r dull] color$1 small]1 & sl5d]]1 is consid]$ by ,mr4 ,g\ld z specifically di/9ct4 ,fif?ly1 !re are ?ree species ( mock+ ?ru%--a =m highly *>act]i/ic ( ,am]ica4 ,! rema9+ l&-birds =m a mo/ s+ul> gr\p ( f9*es1 relat$ to ea* o!r 9 ! /ructure ( _! beaks1 %ort tails1 =m ( body & plumage3 !re are ?irte5 species1 :i* ,mr4 ,g\ld has divid$ into f\r sub-gr\ps4 ,all ^! species are peculi> to ?is ar*ipelago2 & s is ! :ole gr\p1 ) ! exception ( "o species ( ! sub-gr\p ,cactornis1 lately br\ght f ,b[ ,isl&1 9 ! ,l[ ,ar*ipelago4 ,( ,cactornis1 ! two species may be (t5 se5 climb+ ab\t ! fl[]s ( ! great cactus-trees2 b all ! o!r species ( ?is gr\p ( f9*es1 m+l$ toge!r 9 flocks1 fe$ on ! dry & /]ile gr\nd ( ! l[] di/ricts4 ,! males ( all1 or c]ta9ly ( ! great] numb]1 are jet black2 & ! females 7) p]haps "o or two exceptions7 are br[n4 ,! mo/ curi\s fact is ! p]fect gradation 9 ! size ( ! beaks 9 ! diff]5t species ( ,geospiza1 f "o z l>ge z t ( a hawf9* to t ( a *aff9*1 & 7if ,mr4 ,g\ld is "r 9 includ+ 8 sub-gr\p1 ,c]?idea1 9 ! ma9 gr\p7 ev5 to t ( a w>bl]4 ,! l>ge/ beak 9 ! g5us ,geospiza is %[n 9 ,fig4 #a1 & ! smalle/ 9 ,fig4 #c2 b in/ead ( !re be+ only "o int]m$iate species1 ) a beak ( ! size %[n 9 ,fig4 #b1 !re are no less ?an six species ) ins5sibly graduat$ beaks4 ,! beak ( ! sub-gr\p ,c]?idea1 is %[n 9 ,fig4 #d4 ,! beak ( ,cactornis is picture #a4 ,geospiza magniro/ris4 #b4 ,geospiza =tis4 #c4 ,geospiza p>vula4 #d4 ,c]?idea olivasea4 some:at l t ( a />l+1 & t ( ! f\r? sub-gr\p1 ,cam>hyn*us1 is slightly p>rot-%ap$4 ,see+ ?is gradation & div]sity ( /ructure 9 "o small1 intimately relat$ gr\p ( birds1 "o might really fancy t f an orig9al paucity ( birds 9 ?is ar*ipelago1 "o species _h be5 tak5 & modifi$ = diff]5t ends4 ,9 a l mann] x might be fanci$ t a bird orig9ally a buzz>d1 _h be5 induc$ "h to und]take ! (fice ( ! c>rion-fe$+ ,polybori ( ! ,am]ican cont95t4 ,( wad]s & wat]-birds ,i 0 able to get only elev5 k9ds1 & ( ^! only ?ree 7includ+ a rail conf9$ to ! damp summits ( ! isl&s7 are new species4 ,consid]+ ! w&]+ habits ( ! gulls1 ,i 0 surpris$ to f9d t ! species inhabit+ ^! isl&s is peculi>1 b alli$ to "o f ! s\!rn p>ts ( ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,! f> great] peculi>ity ( ! l&-birds1 namely1 tw5ty-five out ( tw5ty-six1 be+ new species1 or at lea/ new races1 comp>$ ) ! wad]s & web-foot$ birds1 is 9 accordance ) ! great] range :i* ^! latt] ord]s h 9 all p>ts ( ! _w4 ,we %all h]eaft] see ?is law ( aquatic =ms1 :e!r m>9e or fre%-wat]1 be+ less peculi> at any giv5 po9t ( ! e>?'s surface ?an ! t]re/rial =ms ( ! same classes1 /rik+ly illu/rat$ 9 ! %ells1 & 9 a less] degree 9 ! insects ( ?is ar*ipelago4 ,two ( ! wad]s are r small] ?an ! same species br\ght f o!r places3 ! swall[ is also small]1 ?\gh x is d\btful :e!r or n x is di/9ct f its analogue4 ,! two owls1 ! two tyrant-cat*]s 7,pyrocephalus7 & ! dove1 are also small] ?an ! analog\s b di/9ct species1 to :i* !y are mo/ ne>ly relat$2 on ! o!r h&1 ! gull is r l>g]4 ,! two owls1 ! swall[1 all ?ree species ( mock+-?ru%1 ! dove 9 its sep>ate col\rs ?\gh n 9 its :ole plumage1 ! ,totanus1 & ! gull1 are likewise duski] col\r$ ?an _! analog\s species2 & 9 ! case ( ! mock+-?ru% & ,totanus1 ?an any o!r species ( ! two g5]a4 ,) ! exception ( a wr5 ) a f9e yell[ brea/1 & ( a tyrant-flycat*] ) a sc>let tuft & brea/1 none ( ! birds are brilliantly col\r$1 z might h be5 expect$ 9 an equatorial di/rict4 ,h5ce x w\ld appe> probable1 t ! same causes :i* "h make ! immigrants ( "s peculi> species small]1 make mo/ ( ! peculi> ,galapageian species also small]1 z well z v g5]ally m dusky col\r$4 ,all ! plants h a wret*$1 we$y appe>ance1 & ,i did n see "o beautiful fl[]4 ,! insects1 aga91 are small-siz$ & dull-col\r$1 &1 z ,mr4 ,wat]h\se in=ms me1 !re is no?+ 9 _! g5]al appe>ance :i* w\ld h l$ him to imag9e t !y _h come f "u ! equator4 #a ,! birds1 plants1 & insects h a des]t "*1 & are n m brilliantly col\r$ ?an ^? f s\!rn ,patagonia2 we may1 !re=e1 conclude t ! usual gaudy col\r+ ( ! int]tropical productions1 is n relat$ ei!r to ! heat or light ( ^? zones1 b to "s o!r cause1 p]haps to ! conditions ( exi/5ce be+ g5]ally fav\rable to life4 ,we w n[ turn to ! ord] ( reptiles1 :i* gives ! mo/ /rik+ "* to ! zoology ( ^! isl&s4 ,! species are n num]\s1 b ! numb]s ( individuals ( ea* species are extraord9>ily great4 ,!re is "o small liz>d belong+ to a ,s\? ,am]ican g5us1 & two species 7& probably m7 ( ! ,amblyrhyn*us--a g5us conf9$ to ! ,galapagos ,isl&s4 ,!re is "o snake :i* is num]\s2 x is id5tical1 z ,i am in=m$ by ,m4 ,bibron1 ) ! ,psammophis ,temm9ckii f ,*ile4 #b ,( sea-turtle ,i believe !re are m ?an "o species1 & ( tortoises !re are1 z we %all pres5tly %[1 two or ?ree species or races4 ,( toads & frogs !re are none3 ,i 0 surpris$ at ?is1 consid]+ h[ well suit$ = !m ! temp]ate & damp upp] woods appe>$ to be4 ,x recall$ to my m9d ! rem>k made by ,bory ,/4 ,v9c5t1 #c namely1 t none ( ?is family are f\nd on any ( ! volcanic isl&s 9 ! great oceans4 ,z f> z ,i c asc]ta9 f v>i\s works1 ?is seems to hold good ?r\gh\t ! ,pacific1 & ev5 9 ! l>ge isl&s ( ! ,s&wi* ar*ipelago4 ,mauritius (f]s an app>5t exception1 :]e ,i saw ! ,rana ,masc>i5sis 9 abundance3 ?is frog is said n[ to inhabit ! ,sey*elles1 ,madagasc>1 & ,b\rbon2 b on ! o!r h&1 ,du ,bois1 9 8 voyage 9 #affi1 /ates t !re 7 no reptiles 9 ,b\rbon except tortoises2 & ! ,(fici] du ,roi ass]ts t be=e #agfh x _h be5 attempt$1 )\t success1 to introduce frogs into ,mauritius--,i presume = ! purpose ( eat+3 h5ce x may be well d\bt$ :e!r ?is frog is an aborig9al ( ^! isl&s4 ,! abs5ce ( ! frog family 9 ! oceanic isl&s is ! m rem>kable1 :5 contra/$ ) ! case ( liz>ds1 :i* sw>m on mo/ ( ! smalle/ isl&s4 ,may ?is diff]5ce n be caus$1 by ! great] facility ) :i* ! eggs ( liz>ds1 protect$ by calc>e\s %ells might be transport$ ?r\gh salt-wat]1 ?an c\ld ! slimy spawn ( frogs8 ,i w fir/ describe ! habits ( ! tortoise 7,te/udo nigra1 =m]ly call$ ,indica71 :i* has be5 s frequ5tly allud$ to4 ,^! animals are f\nd1 ,i believe1 on all ! isl&s ( ! ar*ipelago2 c]ta9ly on ! great] numb]4 ,!y frequ5t 9 pref]5ce ! high damp p>ts1 b !y likewise live 9 ! l[] & arid di/ricts4 ,i h already %[n1 f ! numb]s :i* h be5 caught 9 a s+le day1 h[ v num]\s !y mu/ be4 ,"s gr[ to an imm5se size3 ,mr4 ,lawson1 an ,engli%man1 & vice-gov]nor ( ! colony1 told u t he _h se5 sev]al s l>ge1 t x requir$ six or eight m5 to lift !m f ! gr\nd2 & t "s _h af=d$ z mu* z two hundr$ p\nds ( meat4 ,! old males are ! l>ge/1 ! females r>ely gr[+ to s great a size3 ! male c readily be di/+ui%$ f ! female by ! great] l5g? ( its tail4 ,! tortoises :i* live on ^? isl&s :]e !re is no wat]1 or 9 ! l[] & arid p>ts ( ! o!rs1 fe$ *iefly on ! succul5t cactus4 ,^? :i* frequ5t ! high] & damp regions1 eat ! leaves ( v>i\s trees1 a k9d ( b]ry 7call$ guayavita7 :i* is acid & au/]e1 & likewise a pale gre5 filam5t\s li*5 7,usn]a plicata71 t hangs f ! b\ghs ( ! trees4 ,! tortoise is v fond ( wat]1 dr9k+ l>ge quantities1 & wall[+ 9 ! mud4 ,! l>g] isl&s alone possess spr+s1 & ^! are always situat$ t[>ds ! c5tral p>ts1 & at a consid]able height4 ,! tortoises1 !re=e1 :i* frequ5t ! l[] di/ricts1 :5 ?ir/y1 are oblig$ to travel f a long di/ance4 ,h5ce broad & well-beat5 pa?s bran* (f 9 e direction f ! wells d[n to ! sea-coa/2 & ! ,spani>ds by foll[+ !m up1 fir/ discov]$ ! wat]+-places4 ,:5 ,i l&$ at ,*a?am ,isl&1 ,i c\ld n imag9e :at animal travell$ s me?odically along well-*os5 tracks4 ,ne> ! spr+s x 0 a curi\s spectacle to behold _m ( ^! huge creatures1 "o set eag]ly travell+ onw>ds ) out/ret*$ necks1 & ano!r set return+1 aft] hav+ drunk _! fill4 ,:5 ! tortoise arrives at ! spr+1 q reg>dless ( any spectator1 he buries 8 head 9 ! wat] above 8 eyes1 & gre$ily swall[s great m\?fuls1 at ! rate ( ab\t t5 9 a m9ute4 ,! inhabitants say ea* animal /ays ?ree or f\r days 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ! wat]1 & !n returns to ! l[] c\ntry2 b !y diff]$ respect+ ! frequ5cy ( ^! visits4 ,! animal probably regulates !m accord+ to ! nature ( ! food on :i* x has liv$4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 c]ta91 t tortoises c subsi/ ev5 on ^! isl&s :]e !re is no o!r wat] ?an :at falls dur+ a few ra9y days 9 ! ye>4 ,i believe x is well asc]ta9$1 t ! bladd] ( ! frog acts z a res]voir = ! moi/ure necess>y to its exi/5ce3 su* seems to be ! case ) ! tortoise4 ,= "s "t aft] a visit to ! spr+s1 _! ur9>y bladd]s are di/5d$ ) fluid1 :i* is said gradually to decrease 9 volume1 & to become less pure4 ,! inhabitants1 :5 walk+ 9 ! l[] di/rict1 & ov]come ) ?ir/1 (t5 take advantage ( ?is circum/ance1 & dr9k ! cont5ts ( ! bladd] if full3 9 "o ,i saw kill$1 ! fluid 0 q limpid1 & _h only a v slightly bitt] ta/e4 ,! inhabitants1 h[ev]1 always fir/ dr9k ! wat] 9 ! p]ic>dium1 :i* is describ$ z be+ be/4 ,! tortoises1 :5 purposely mov+ t[>ds any po9t1 travel by night & day1 & arrive at _! j\rney's end mu* soon] ?an w\ld be expect$4 ,! inhabitants1 f obs]v+ m>k$ individuals1 consid] t !y travel a di/ance ( ab\t eight miles 9 two or ?ree days4 ,"o l>ge tortoise1 :i* ,i wat*$1 walk$ at ! rate ( sixty y>ds 9 t5 m9utes1 t is #cfj y>ds 9 ! h\r1 or f\r miles a day1--all[+ a little "t = x to eat on ! road4 ,dur+ ! bre$+ season1 :5 ! male & female are toge!r1 ! male utt]s a ho>se ro> or bell[+1 :i*1 x is said1 c be he>d at ! di/ance ( m ?an a hundr$ y>ds4 ,! female nev] uses h] voice1 & ! male only at ^! times2 s t :5 ! p he> ?is noise1 !y "k t ! two are toge!r4 ,!y 7 at ?is "t 7,octob]7 lay+ _! eggs4 ,! female1 :]e ! soil is s&y1 deposits !m toge!r1 & cov]s !m up ) s&2 b :]e ! gr\nd is rocky %e drops !m indiscrim9ately 9 any hole3 ,mr4 ,bynoe f\nd sev5 plac$ 9 a fissure4 ,! egg is :ite & sph]ical2 "o :i* ,i measur$ 0 sev5 in*es & ?ree-eigh?s 9 circumf]5ce1 & !re=e l>g] ?an a h5's egg4 ,! "y tortoises1 z soon z !y are hat*$1 fall a prey 9 great numb]s to ! c>rion-fe$+ buzz>d4 ,! old ones seem g5]ally to die f accid5ts1 z f fall+ d[n precipices3 at lea/1 sev]al ( ! inhabitants told me1 t !y nev] f\nd "o dead )\t "s evid5t cause4 ,! inhabitants believe t ^! animals are absolutely deaf2 c]ta9ly !y d n ov]he> a p]son walk+ close beh9d !m4 ,i 0 always amus$ :5 ov]tak+ "o ( ^! great mon/]s1 z x 0 quietly pac+ along1 to see h[ sudd5ly1 ! in/ant ,i pass$1 x w\ld draw 9 its head & legs1 & utt]+ a deep hiss fall to ! gr\nd ) a heavy s\nd1 z if /ruck dead4 ,i frequ5tly got on _! backs1 & !n giv+ a few raps on ! h9d] "p ( _! %ells1 !y w\ld rise up & walk away2--b ,i f\nd x v difficult to keep my balance4 ,! fle% ( ?is animal is l>gely employ$1 bo? fre% & salt$2 & a beautifully cle> oil is prep>$ f ! fat4 ,:5 a tortoise is caught1 ! man makes a slit 9 ! sk9 ne> its tail1 s z to see inside its body1 :e!r ! fat "u ! dorsal plate is ?ick4 ,if x is n1 ! animal is lib]at$ & x is said to recov] soon f ?is /range op]ation4 ,9 ord] to secure ! tortoise1 x is n suffici5t to turn !m l turtle1 = !y are (t5 able to get on _! legs aga94 ,!re c be little d\bt t ?is tortoise is an aborig9al inhabitant ( ! ,galapagos2 = x is f\nd on all1 or ne>ly all1 ! isl&s1 ev5 on "s ( ! small] ones :]e !re is no wat]2 _h x be5 an import$ species1 ?is w\ld h>dly h be5 ! case 9 a gr\p :i* has be5 s little frequ5t$4 ,moreov]1 ! old ,bucani]s f\nd ?is tortoise 9 great] numb]s ev5 ?an at pres5t3 ,wood & ,rog]s also1 9 #agjh1 say t x is ! op9ion ( ! ,spani>ds1 t x is f\nd n[h]e else 9 ?is qu>t] ( ! _w4 ,x is n[ widely di/ribut$2 b x may be que/ion$ :e!r x is 9 any o!r place an aborig9al4 ,! bones ( a tortoise at ,mauritius1 associat$ ) ^? ( ! ext9ct ,dodo1 h g5]ally be5 consid]$ z belong+ to ?is tortoise2 if ?is _h be5 s1 und\bt$ly x mu/ h be5 !re indig5\s2 b ,m4 ,bibron in=ms me t he believes t x 0 di/9ct1 z ! species n[ liv+ !re c]ta9ly is4 ,! ,amblyrhyn*us1 a rem>kable g5us ( liz>ds1 is conf9$ to ?is ar*ipelago2 !re are two species1 resembl+ picture ea* o!r 9 g5]al =m1 "o be+ t]re/rial & ! o!r aquatic4 ,?is latt] species 7,a4 cri/atus7 0 fir/ *>act]iz$ by ,mr4 ,bell1 :o well =esaw1 f its %ort1 broad head1 & /rong claws ( equal l5g?1 t its habits ( life w\ld turn out v peculi>1 & diff]5t f ^? ( its ne>e/ ally1 ! ,iguana4 ,x is extremely common on all ! isl&s ?r\gh\t ! gr\p1 & lives exclusively on ! rocky sea-bea*es1 be+ nev] f\nd1 at lea/ ,i nev] saw "o1 ev5 t5 y>ds 9-%ore4 ,x is a hide\s-look+ creature1 ( a dirty black col\r1 /upid1 & sluggi% 9 its movem5ts4 ,! usual l5g? ( a full-gr[n "o is ab\t a y>d1 b !re are "s ev5 f\r feet long2 a l>ge "o weigh$ tw5ty p\nds3 on ! isl& ( ,albem>le !y seem to gr[ to a great] size ?an else:]e4 ,_! tails are flatt5$ sideways1 & all f\r feet p>tially webb$4 ,!y are occasionally se5 "s hundr$ y>ds f ! %ore1 swimm+ ab\t2 & ,capta9 ,collnett1 9 8 ,voyage says1 ,!y g to sea 9 h]ds a-fi%+1 & sun !mselves on ! rocks2 & may be call$ alligators 9 m9iature4 ,x mu/ n1 h[ev]1 be suppos$ t !y live on fi%4 ,:5 9 ! wat] ?is liz>d swims ) p]fect ease & quickness1 by a s]p5t9e movem5t ( its body & flatt5$ tail--! legs be+ motionless & closely collaps$ on its sides4 ,a seaman on bo>d sank "o1 ) a heavy weight atta*$ to x1 ?9k+ ?us to kill x directly2 b :51 an h\r aft]w>ds1 he drew up ! l9e1 x 0 q active4 ,_! limbs & /rong claws are admirably adapt$ = crawl+ ov] ! rugg$ & fissur$ masses ( lava1 :i* ev]y:]e =m ! coa/4 ,9 su* situations1 a gr\p ( six or sev5 ( ^! hide\s reptiles may (t5times be se5 on ! black rocks1 a few feet above ! surf1 bask+ 9 ! sun ) out/ret*$ legs4 ,i op5$ ! /oma*s ( sev]al1 & f\nd !m l>gely di/5d$ ) m9c$ sea-we$ 7,ulvae71 :i* gr[s 9 ?9 foliace\s expansions ( a bright gre5 or a dull r$ col\r4 ,i d n recollect hav+ obs]v$ ?is sea-we$ 9 any quantity on ! tidal rocks2 & ,i h reason to believe x gr[s at ! bottom ( ! sea1 at "s little di/ance f ! coa/4 ,if su* be ! case1 ! object ( ^! animals occasionally go+ out to sea is expla9$4 ,! /oma* conta9$ no?+ b ! sea-we$4 ,mr4 ,baynoe1 h[ev]1 f\nd a piece ( crab 9 "o2 b ?is might h got 9 accid5tally1 9 ! same mann] z ,i h se5 a cat]pill>1 9 ! mid/ ( "s li*51 9 ! paun* ( a tortoise4 ,! inte/9es 7 l>ge1 z 9 o!r h]bivor\s animals4 ,! nature ( ?is liz>d's food1 z well z ! /ructure ( its tail & feet1 & ! fact ( its hav+ be5 se5 volunt>ily swimm+ out at sea1 absolutely prove its aquatic habits2 yet !re is 9 ?is respect "o /range anomaly1 namely1 t :5 fright5$ x w n ent] ! wat]4 ,h5ce x is easy to drive ^! liz>ds d[n to any little po9t ov]hang+ ! sea1 :]e !y w soon] all[ a p]son to cat* hold ( _! tails ?an jump into ! wat]4 ,!y d n seem to h any notion ( bit+2 b :5 mu* fright5$ !y squirt a drop ( fluid f ea* no/ril4 ,i ?rew "o sev]al times z f> z ,i c\ld1 into a deep pool left by ! retir+ tide2 b x inv>iably return$ 9 a direct l9e to ! spot :]e ,i /ood4 ,x swam ne> ! bottom1 ) a v graceful & rapid movem5t1 & occasionally aid$ itself ov] ! unev5 gr\nd ) its feet4 ,z soon z x arriv$ ne> ! edge1 b /ill be+ "u wat]1 x tri$ to conceal itself 9 ! tufts ( sea-we$1 or x ent]$ "s crevice4 ,z soon z x ?\ght ! dang] 0 pa/1 x crawl$ out on ! dry rocks1 & %uffl$ away z quickly z x c\ld4 ,i sev]al times caught ?is same liz>d1 by driv+ x d[n to a po9t1 & ?\gh possess$ ( su* p]fect p[]s ( div+ & swimm+1 no?+ w\ld induce x to ent] ! wat]2 & z (t5 z ,i ?rew x 91 x return$ 9 ! mann] above describ$4 ,p]haps ?is s+ul> piece ( app>5t /upidity may be acc\nt$ = by ! circum/ance1 t ?is reptile has no enemy :atev] on %ore1 :]eas at sea x mu/ (t5 fall a prey to ! num]\s %>ks4 ,h5ce1 probably1 urg$ by a fix$ & h]$it>y in/9ct t ! %ore is its place ( safety1 :atev] ! em]g5cy may be1 x !re takes refuge4 ,dur+ our visit 79 ,octob]71 ,i saw extremely few small individuals ( ?is species1 & none ,i %\ld ?9k "u a ye> old4 ,f ?is circum/ance x seems probable t ! bre$+ season _h n !n comm5c$4 ,i ask$ sev]al ( ! inhabitants if !y knew :]e x laid its eggs3 !y said t !y knew no?+ ( its propagation1 al?\gh well acqua9t$ ) ! eggs ( ! l& k9d--a fact1 consid]+ h[ v common ?is liz>d is1 n a little extraord9>y4 ,we w n[ turn to ! t]re/rial species 7,a4 ,dem>lii71 ) a r\nd tail1 & toes )\t webs4 ,?is liz>d1 in/ead ( be+ f\nd l ! o!r on all ! isl&s1 is conf9$ to ! c5tral "p ( ! ar*ipelago1 namely to ,albem>le1 ,james1 ,b>r+ton1 & ,indefatigable isl&s4 ,to ! s\?w>d1 9 ,*>les1 ,hood1 & ,*a?am isl&s1 & to ! nor?w>d1 9 ,t[]s1 ,b9dloes1 & ,ab+don1 ,i nei!r saw nor he>d ( any4 ,x w\ld appe> z if x _h be5 creat$ 9 ! c5tre ( ! ar*ipelago1 & !nce _h be5 disp]s$ only to a c]ta9 di/ance4 ,"s ( ^! liz>ds inhabit ! high & damp p>ts ( ! isl&s1 b !y are mu* m num]\s 9 ! l[] & /]ile di/ricts ne> ! coa/4 ,i _c give a m =cible pro( ( _! numb]s1 ?an by /at+ t :5 we 7 left at ,james ,isl&1 we c\ld n = "s "t f9d a spot free f _! burr[s on :i* to pit* our s+le t5t4 ,l _! bro!rs ! sea-k9d1 !y are ugly animals1 ( a yell[i% orange b5ea?1 & ( a br[ni% r$ col\r above3 f _! l[ facial angle !y h a s+ul>ly /upid appe>ance4 ,!y are1 p]haps1 ( a r less size ?an ! m>9e species2 b sev]al ( !m weigh$ betwe5 t5 & fifte5 p\nds4 ,9 _! movem5ts !y are lazy & half torpid4 ,:5 n fright5$1 !y sl[ly crawl along ) _! tails & bellies dragg+ on ! gr\nd4 ,!y (t5 /op1 & doze = a m9ute or two1 ) clos$ eyes & h9d legs spread out on ! p>*$ soil4 ,!y inhabit burr[s1 :i* !y sometimes make betwe5 fragm5ts ( lava1 b m g5]ally on level pat*es ( ! s(t s&/one-l tuff4 ,! holes d n appe> to be v deep1 & !y ent] ! gr\nd at a small angle2 s t :5 walk+ ov] ^! liz>d-w>r5s1 ! soil is con/antly giv+ way1 mu* to ! annoyance ( ! tir$ walk]4 ,?is animal1 :5 mak+ its burr[1 works alt]nately ! opposite sides ( its body4 ,"o front leg = a %ort "t scrat*es up ! soil1 & ?r[s x t[>ds ! h9d foot1 :i* is well plac$ s z to heave x beyond ! m\? ( ! hole4 ,t side ( ! body be+ tir$1 ! o!r takes up ! task1 & s on alt]nately4 ,i wat*$ "o = a long "t1 till half its body 0 buri$2 ,i !n walk$ up & pull$ x by ! tail1 at ?is x 0 greatly a/oni%$1 & soon %uffl$ up to see :at 0 ! matt]2 & !n />$ me 9 ! face1 z mu* z to say1 ,:at made y pull my tail8 ,!y fe$ by day1 & d n w&] f> f _! burr[s2 if fright5$1 !y ru% to !m ) a mo/ awkw>d gait4 ,except :5 runn+ d[n hill1 !y _c move v fa/1 app>5tly f ! lat]al position ( _! legs4 ,!y are n at all timor\s3 :5 att5tively wat*+ any "o1 !y curl _! tails1 &1 rais+ !mselves on _! front legs1 nod _! heads v]tically1 ) a quick movem5t1 & try to look v fi]ce2 b 9 reality !y are n at all s3 if "o j /amps on ! gr\nd1 d[n g _! tails1 & (f !y %uffle z quickly z !y c4 ,i h frequ5tly obs]v$ small fly-eat+ liz>ds1 :5 wat*+ any?+1 nod _! heads 9 precisely ! same mann]2 b ,i d n at all "k = :at purpose4 ,if ?is ,amblyrhyn*us is held & plagu$ ) a /ick1 x w bite x v sev]ely2 b ,i caught _m by ! tail1 & !y nev] tri$ to bite me4 ,if two are plac$ on ! gr\nd & held toge!r1 !y w fight1 & bite ea* o!r till blood is drawn4 ,! individuals1 & !y are ! great] numb]1 :i* inhabit ! l[] c\ntry1 c sc>cely ta/e a drop ( wat] ?r\gh\t ! ye>2 b !y consume mu* ( ! succul5t cactus1 ! bran*es ( :i* are occasionally brok5 (f by ! w9d4 ,i sev]al times ?rew a piece to two or ?ree ( !m :5 toge!r2 & x 0 amus+ en\gh to see !m try+ to seize & c>ry x away 9 _! m\?s1 l s _m hungry dogs ) a bone4 ,!y eat v delib]ately1 b d n *ew _! food4 ,! little birds are aw>e h[ h>mless ^! creatures are3 ,i h se5 "o ( ! ?ick-bill$ f9*es pick+ at "o end ( a piece ( cactus 7:i* is mu* reli%$ by all ! animals ( ! l[] region71 :il/ a liz>d 0 eat+ at ! o!r end2 & aft]w>ds ! little bird ) ! utmo/ indiff]5ce hopp$ on ! back ( ! reptile4 ,i op5$ ! /oma*s ( sev]al1 & f\nd !m full ( vegetable fibres & leaves ( diff]5t trees1 especially ( an acacia4 ,9 ! upp] region !y live *iefly on ! acid & a/r+5t b]ries ( ! guayavita1 "u :i* trees ,i h se5 ^! liz>ds & ! huge tortoises fe$+ toge!r4 ,to obta9 ! acacia-leaves !y crawl up ! l[ /unt$ trees2 & x is n uncommon to see a pair quietly br[s+1 :il/ seat$ on a bran* sev]al feet above ! gr\nd4 ,^! liz>ds1 :5 cook$1 yield a :ite meat1 :i* is lik$ by ^? ^: /oma*s so> above all prejudices4 ,humboldt has rem>k$ t 9 int]tropical ,s\? ,am]ica1 all liz>ds :i* inhabit dry regions are e/eem$ delicacies = ! table4 ,! inhabitants /ate t ^? :i* inhabit ! upp] damp p>ts dr9k wat]1 b t ! o!rs d n1 l ! tortoises1 travel up = x f ! l[] /]ile c\ntry4 ,at ! "t ( our visit1 ! females _h )9 _! bodies num]\s1 l>ge1 elongat$ eggs1 :i* !y lay 9 _! burr[s3 ! inhabitants seek !m = food4 ,^! two species ( ,amblyrhyn*us agree1 z ,i h already /at$1 9 _! g5]al /ructure1 & 9 _m ( _! habits4 ,nei!r h t rapid movem5t1 s *>act]i/ic ( ! g5]a ,lac]ta & ,iguana4 ,!y are bo? h]bivor\s1 al?\gh ! k9d ( vegetation on :i* !y fe$ is s v diff]5t4 ,mr4 ,bell has giv5 ! "n to ! g5us f ! %ortness ( ! sn\t3 inde$1 ! =m ( ! m\? may almo/ be comp>$ to t ( ! tortoise3 "o is l$ to suppose t ?is is an adaptation to _! h]bivor\s appetites4 ,x is v int]e/+ ?us to f9d a well-*>act]iz$ g5us1 hav+ its m>9e & t]re/rial species1 belong+ to s conf9$ a portion ( ! _w4 ,! aquatic species is by f> ! mo/ rem>kable1 because x is ! only exi/+ liz>d :i* lives on m>9e vegetable productions4 ,z ,i at fir/ obs]v$1 ^! isl&s are n s rem>kable = ! numb] ( ! species ( reptiles1 z = t ( ! individuals1 :5 we rememb] ! well-beat5 pa?s made by ! ?\s&s ( huge tortoises--! _m turtles--! great w>r5s ( ! t]re/rial ,amblyrhyn*us--& ! gr\ps ( ! m>9e species bask+ on ! coa/-rocks ( e isl&--we mu/ admit t !re is no o!r qu>t] ( ! _w :]e ?is ,ord] replaces ! h]bivor\s mammalia 9 s extraord9>y a mann]4 ,! geologi/ on he>+ ?is w probably ref] back 9 8 m9d to ! ,second>y epo*s1 :5 liz>ds1 "s h]bivor\s1 "s c>nivor\s1 & ( dim5sions comp>able only ) our exi/+ :ales1 sw>m$ on ! l& & 9 ! sea4 ,x is1 !re=e1 wor?y ( 8 obs]vation1 t ?is ar*ipelago1 in/ead ( possess+ a humid climate & rank vegetation1 _c be consid]$ o!rwise ?an extremely arid1 &1 = an equatorial region1 rem>kably temp]ate4 ,to f9i% ) ! zoology3 ! fifte5 k9ds ( sea-fi% :i* ,i procur$ "h are all new species2 !y belong to twelve g5]a1 all widely di/ribut$1 ) ! exception ( ,prionotus1 ( :i* ! f\r previ\sly kn[n species live on ! ea/]n side ( ,am]ica4 ,( l&-%ells ,i collect$ sixte5 k9ds 7& two m>k$ v>ieties71 ( :i*1 ) ! exception ( "o ,helix f\nd at ,tahiti1 all are peculi> to ?is ar*ipelago3 a s+le fre%-wat] %ell 7,palud9a7 is common to ,tahiti & ,van ,diem5's ,l&4 ,mr4 ,cum+1 be=e our voyage procur$ "h n9ety species ( sea-%ells1 & ?is does n include sev]al species n yet specifically exam9$1 ( ,tro*us1 ,turbo1 ,monodonta1 & ,nassa4 ,he has be5 k9d en\gh to give me ! foll[+ int]e/+ results3 ,( ! n9ety %ells1 no less ?an =ty-sev5 are unkn[n else:]e--a wond]ful fact1 consid]+ h[ widely di/ribut$ sea-%ells g5]ally are4 ,( ! =ty-?ree %ells f\nd 9 o!r p>ts ( ! _w1 tw5ty-five inhabit ! we/]n coa/ ( ,am]ica1 & ( ^! eight are di/+ui%able z v>ieties2 ! rema9+ eighte5 7includ+ "o v>iety7 7 f\nd by ,mr4 ,cum+ 9 ! ,l[ ,ar*ipelago1 & "s ( !m also at ! ,philipp9es4 ,?is fact ( %ells f isl&s 9 ! c5tral p>ts ( ! ,pacific occurr+ "h1 des]ves notice1 = n "o s+le sea-%ell is kn[n to be common to ! isl&s ( t ocean & to ! we/ coa/ ( ,am]ica4 ,! space ( op5 sea runn+ nor? & s\? (f ! we/ coa/1 sep>ates two q di/9ct con*ological prov9ces2 b at ! ,galapagos ,ar*ipelago we h a halt+-place1 :]e _m new =ms h be5 creat$1 & :i!r ^! two great con*ological prov9ces h ea* s5t up sev]al coloni/s4 ,! ,am]ican prov9ce has also s5t "h repres5tative species2 = !re is a ,galapageian species ( ,monoc]os1 a g5us only f\nd on ! we/ coa/ ( ,am]ica2 & !re are ,galapageian species ( ,fissurella & ,cancell>ia1 g5]a common on ! we/ coa/1 b n f\nd 7z ,i am in=m$ by ,mr4 ,cum+7 9 ! c5tral isl&s ( ! ,pacific4 ,on ! o!r h&1 !re are ,galapageian species ( ,oniscia & ,/ylif]1 g5]a common to ! ,we/ ,indies & to ! ,*9ese & ,indian seas1 b n f\nd ei!r on ! we/ coa/ ( ,am]ica or 9 ! c5tral ,pacific4 ,i may "h add1 t aft] ! comp>ison by ,messrs4 ,cum+ & ,h9ds ( ab\t #bjjj %ells f ! ea/]n & we/]n coa/s ( ,am]ica1 only "o s+le %ell 0 f\nd 9 common1 namely1 ! ,purpura patula1 :i* inhabits ! ,we/ ,indies1 ! coa/ ( ,panama1 & ! ,galapagos4 ,we h1 !re=e1 9 ?is qu>t] ( ! _w1 ?ree great con*ological sea-prov9ces1 q di/9ct1 ?\gh surpris+ly ne> ea* o!r1 be+ sep>at$ by long nor? & s\? spaces ei!r ( l& or ( op5 sea4 ,i took great pa9s 9 collect+ ! insects1 b except+ ,ti]ra del ,fuego1 ,i nev] saw 9 ?is respect s poor a c\ntry4 ,ev5 9 ! upp] & damp region ,i procur$ v few1 except+ "s m9ute ,dipt]a & ,hym5opt]a1 mo/ly ( common mundane =ms4 ,z be=e rem>k$1 ! insects1 = a tropical region1 are ( v small size & dull col\rs4 ,( beetles ,i collect$ tw5ty-five species 7exclud+ a ,d]me/es & ,corynetes import$1 :]ev] a %ip t\*es72 ( ^!1 two belong to ! ,h>palidae1 two to ! ,hydrophilidae1 n9e to ?ree families ( ! ,het]om]a1 & ! rema9+ twelve to z _m diff]5t families4 ,?is circum/ance ( insects 7& ,i may add plants71 :]e few 9 numb]1 belong+ to _m diff]5t families1 is1 ,i believe1 v g5]al4 ,mr4 ,wat]h\se1 :o has publi%$ #d an acc\nt ( ! insects ( ?is ar*ipelago1 & to :om ,i am indebt$ = ! above details1 in=ms me t !re are sev]al new g5]a3 & t ( ! g5]a n new1 "o or two are ,am]ican1 & ! re/ ( mundane di/ribution4 ,) ! exception ( a wood-fe$+ ,apate1 & ( "o or probably two wat]-beetles f ! ,am]ican cont95t1 all ! species appe> to be new4 ,! botany ( ?is gr\p is fully z int]e/+ z ! zoology4 ,dr4 ,j4 ,hook] w soon publi% 9 ! ,l9nean ,transactions a full acc\nt ( ! ,flora1 & ,i am mu* indebt$ to him = ! foll[+ details4 ,( fl[]+ plants !re are1 z f> z at pres5t is kn[n1 #ahe species1 & #dj cryptogamic species1 mak+ altoge!r #bbe2 ( ?is numb] ,i 0 =tunate en\gh to br+ home #aic4 ,( ! fl[]+ plants1 #ajj are new species1 & are probably conf9$ to ?is ar*ipelago4 ,dr4 ,hook] conceives t1 ( ! plants n s conf9$1 at lea/ #aj species f\nd ne> ! cultivat$ gr\nd at ,*>les ,isl&1 h be5 import$4 ,x is1 ,i ?9k1 surpris+ t m ,am]ican species h n be5 introduc$ naturally1 consid]+ t ! di/ance is only betwe5 #ejj & #fjj miles f ! cont95t1 & t 7accord+ to ,collnet1 p4 #eh7 drift-wood1 bamboos1 canes1 & ! nuts ( a palm1 are (t5 wa%$ on ! s\?-ea/]n %ores4 ,! proportion ( #ajj fl[]+ plants out ( #ahc 7or #age exclud+ ! import$ we$s7 be+ new1 is suffici5t1 ,i conceive1 to make ! ,galapagos ,ar*ipelago a di/9ct botanical prov9ce2 b ?is ,flora is n ne>ly s peculi> z t ( ,/4 ,hel5a1 nor1 z ,i am in=m$ by ,dr4 ,hook]1 ( ,juan ,f]n&ez4 ,! peculi>ity ( ! ,galapageian ,flora is be/ %[n 9 c]ta9 families2--?us !re are #ba species ( ,compositae1 ( :i* #bj are peculi> to ?is ar*ipelago2 ^! belong to twelve g5]a1 & ( ^! g5]a no less ?an t5 are conf9$ to ! ar*ipelago6 ,dr4 ,hook] in=ms me t ! ,flora has an und\bt$ly ,we/]n ,am]ican "*2 nor c he detect 9 x any aff9ity ) t ( ! ,pacific4 ,if1 !re=e1 we except ! eighte5 m>9e1 ! "o fre%-wat]1 & "o l&-%ell1 :i* h app>5tly come "h z coloni/s f ! c5tral isl&s ( ! ,pacific1 & likewise ! "o di/9ct ,pacific species ( ! ,galapageian gr\p ( f9*es1 we see t ?is ar*ipelago1 ?\gh /&+ 9 ! ,pacific ,ocean1 is zoologically "p ( ,am]ica4 ,if ?is "* 7 ow+ m]ely to immigrants f ,am]ica1 !re w\ld be little rem>kable 9 x2 b we see t a va/ majority ( all ! l& animals1 & t m ?an half ( ! fl[]+ plants1 are aborig9al productions4 ,x 0 mo/ /rik+ to be surr\nd$ by new birds1 new reptiles1 new %ells1 new insects1 new plants1 & yet by innum]able trifl+ details ( /ructure1 & ev5 by ! tones ( voice & plumage ( ! birds1 to h ! temp]ate pla9s ( ,patagonia1 or r ! hot dry des]ts ( ,nor!rn ,*ile1 vividly br\ght be=e my eyes4 ,:y1 on ^! small po9ts ( l&1 :i* )9 a late geological p]iod mu/ h be5 cov]$ by ! ocean1 :i* are =m$ by basaltic lava1 & !re=e diff] 9 geological "* f ! ,am]ican cont95t1 & :i* are plac$ "u a peculi> climate1--:y 7 _! aborig9al inhabitants1 associat$1 ,i may add1 9 diff]5t proportions bo? 9 k9d & numb] f ^? on ! cont95t1 & !re=e act+ on ea* o!r 9 a diff]5t mann]--:y 7 !y creat$ on ,am]ican types ( organization8 ,x is probable t ! isl&s ( ! ,cape de ,v]d gr\p resemble1 9 all _! physical conditions1 f> m closely ! ,galapagos ,isl&s1 ?an ^! latt] physically resemble ! coa/ ( ,am]ica1 yet ! aborig9al inhabitants ( ! two gr\ps are totally unlike2 ^? ( ! ,cape de ,v]d ,isl&s be>+ ! impress ( ,africa1 z ! inhabitants ( ! ,galapagos ,ar*ipelago are /amp$ ) t ( ,am]ica4 ,i h n z yet notic$ by f> ! mo/ rem>kable feature 9 ! natural hi/ory ( ?is ar*ipelago2 x is1 t ! diff]5t isl&s to a consid]able ext5t are inhabit$ by a diff]5t set ( be+s4 ,my att5tion 0 fir/ call$ to ?is fact by ! ,vice-,gov]nor1 ,mr4 ,lawson1 decl>+ t ! tortoises diff]$ f ! diff]5t isl&s1 & t he c\ld ) c]ta9ty tell f :i* isl& any "o 0 br\ght4 ,i did n = "s "t pay suffici5t att5tion to ?is /atem5t1 & ,i _h already p>tially m+l$ toge!r ! collections f two ( ! isl&s4 ,i nev] dream$ t isl&s1 ab\t #ej or #fj miles ap>t1 & mo/ ( !m 9 sight ( ea* o!r1 =m$ ( precisely ! same rocks1 plac$ "u a q simil> climate1 ris+ to a ne>ly equal height1 w\ld h be5 diff]5tly t5ant$2 b we %all soon see t ?is is ! case4 ,x is ! fate ( mo/ voyag]s1 no soon] to discov] :at is mo/ int]e/+ 9 any locality1 ?an !y are hurri$ f x2 b ,i ought1 p]haps1 to be ?ankful t ,i obta9$ suffici5t mat]ials to e/abli% ?is mo/ rem>kable fact 9 ! di/ribution ( organic be+s4 ,! inhabitants1 z ,i h said1 /ate t !y c di/+ui% ! tortoises f ! diff]5t isl&s2 & t !y diff] n only 9 size1 b 9 o!r *>act]s4 ,capta9 ,port] has describ$ #e ^? f ,*>les & f ! ne>e/ isl& to x1 namely1 ,hood ,isl&1 z hav+ _! %ells 9 front ?ick & turn$ up l a ,spani% saddle1 :il/ ! tortoises f ,james ,isl& are r\nd]1 black]1 & h a bett] ta/e :5 cook$4 ,m4 ,bibron1 moreov]1 in=ms me t he has se5 :at he consid]s two di/9ct species ( tortoise f ! ,galapagos1 b he does n "k f :i* isl&s4 ,! specim5s t ,i br\ght f ?ree isl&s 7 "y ones3 & probably ow+ to ?is cause nei!r ,mr4 ,gray nor myself c\ld f9d 9 !m any specific diff]5ces4 ,i h rem>k$ t ! m>9e ,amblyrhyn*us 0 l>g] at ,albem>le ,isl& ?an else:]e2 & ,m4 ,bibron in=ms me t he has se5 two di/9ct aquatic species ( ?is g5us2 s t ! diff]5t isl&s probably h _! repres5tative species or races ( ! ,amblyrhyn*us1 z well z ( ! tortoise4 ,my att5tion 0 fir/ ?or\ghly ar\s$1 by comp>+ toge!r ! num]\s specim5s1 %ot by myself & sev]al o!r p>ties on bo>d1 ( ! mock+-?ru%es1 :51 to my a/oni%m5t1 ,i discov]$ t all ^? f ,*>les ,isl& belong$ to "o species 7,mimus trifasciatus7 all f ,albem>le ,isl& to ,m4 p>vulus2 & all f ,james & ,*a?am ,isl&s 7betwe5 :i* two o!r isl&s are situat$1 z connect+ l9ks7 belong$ to ,m4 melanotis4 ,^! two latt] species are closely alli$1 & w\ld by "s orni?ologi/s be consid]$ z only well-m>k$ races or v>ieties2 b ! ,mimus trifasciatus is v di/9ct4 ,un=tunately mo/ ( ! specim5s ( ! f9* tribe 7 m+l$ toge!r2 b ,i h /rong reasons to suspect t "s ( ! species ( ! sub-gr\p ,geospiza are conf9$ to sep>ate isl&s4 ,if ! diff]5t isl&s h _! repres5tatives ( ,geospiza1 x may help to expla9 ! s+ul>ly l>ge numb] ( ! species ( ?is sub-gr\p 9 ?is "o small ar*ipelago1 & z a probable consequ5ce ( _! numb]s1 ! p]fectly graduat$ s]ies 9 ! size ( _! beaks4 ,two species ( ! sub-gr\p ,cactornis1 & two ( ! ,cam>hyn*us1 7 procur$ 9 ! ar*ipelago2 & ( ! num]\s specim5s ( ^! two sub-gr\ps %ot by f\r collectors at ,james ,isl&1 all 7 f\nd to belong to "o species ( ea*2 :]eas ! num]\s specim5s %ot ei!r on ,*a?am or ,*>les ,isl& 7= ! two sets 7 m+l$ toge!r7 all belong$ to ! two o!r species3 h5ce we may feel almo/ sure t ^! isl&s possess _! respective species ( ^! two sub-gr\ps4 ,9 l&-%ells ?is law ( di/ribution does n appe> to hold good4 ,9 my v small collection ( insects1 ,mr4 ,wat]h\se rem>ks1 t ( ^? :i* 7 ticket$ ) _! locality1 n "o 0 common to any two ( ! isl&s4 ,if we n[ turn to ! ,flora1 we %all f9d ! aborig9al plants ( ! diff]5t isl&s wond]fully diff]5t4 ,i give all ! foll[+ results on ! high au?ority ( my fri5d ,dr4 ,j4 ,hook]4 ,i may premise t ,i indiscrim9ately collect$ ev]y?+ 9 fl[] on ! diff]5t isl&s1 & =tunately kept my collections sep>ate4 ,too mu* confid5ce1 h[ev]1 mu/ n be plac$ 9 ! proportional results1 z ! small collections br\ght home by "s o!r naturali/s ?\gh 9 "s respects confirm+ ! results1 pla9ly %[ t mu* rema9s to be done 9 ! botany ( ?is gr\p3 ! ,legum9osae1 moreov]1 has z yet be5 only approximately work$ out3-- ---------------------------------------- ------------------------ ,numb] ( ,species conf9$ to ! ,numb] ( ,numb] ( ,galapagos species species ,numb] ,ar*ipelago ,total f\nd 9 conf9$ conf9$ b f\nd ,"n ,numb] o!r to ! to ! on m ( ( p>ts ( ,galapagos "o ?an ! ,isl& ,species ! _w ,ar*ipelago isl& "o isl& ---------------------------------------- ------------------------ ,james #ga #cc #ch #cj #h ,albem>le #df #ah #bf #bb #d ,*a?am #cb #af #af #ab #d ,*>les #fh #ci #bi #ba #h 7or #bi1 if ! probably import$ plants be subtract$47 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------ ,h5ce we h ! truly wond]ful fact1 t 9 ,james ,isl&1 ( ! ?irty-eight ,galapageian plants1 or ^? f\nd 9 no o!r "p ( ! _w1 ?irty are exclusively conf9$ to ?is "o isl&2 & 9 ,albem>le ,isl&1 ( ! tw5ty-six aborig9al ,galapageian plants1 tw5ty-two are conf9$ to ?is "o isl&1 t is1 only f\r are at pres5t kn[n to gr[ 9 ! o!r isl&s ( ! ar*ipelago2 & s on1 z %[n 9 ! above table1 ) ! plants f ,*a?am & ,*>les ,isl&s4 ,?is fact w1 p]haps1 be r5d]$ ev5 m /rik+1 by giv+ a few illu/rations3--?us1 ,scalesia1 a rem>kable arboresc5t g5us ( ! ,compositae1 is conf9$ to ! ar*ipelago3 x has six species3 "o f ,*a?am1 "o f ,albem>le1 "o f ,*>les ,isl&1 two f ,james ,isl&1 & ! six? f "o ( ! ?ree latt] isl&s1 b x is n kn[n f :i*3 n "o ( ^! six species gr[s on any two isl&s4 ,aga91 ,euphorbia1 a mundane or widely di/ribut$ g5us1 has "h eight species1 ( :i* sev5 are conf9$ to ! ar*ipelago1 & n "o f\nd on any two isl&s3 ,acalypha & ,borr]ia1 bo? mundane g5]a1 h respectively six & sev5 species1 none ( :i* h ! same species on two isl&s1 ) ! exception ( "o ,borr]ia1 :i* does occur on two isl&s4 ,! species ( ! ,compositae are p>ticul>ly local2 & ,dr4 ,hook] has furni%$ me ) sev]al o!r mo/ /rik+ illu/rations ( ! diff]5ce ( ! species on ! diff]5t isl&s4 ,he rem>ks t ?is law ( di/ribution holds good bo? ) ^? g5]a conf9$ to ! ar*ipelago1 & ^? di/ribut$ 9 o!r qu>t]s ( ! _w3 9 l mann] we h se5 t ! diff]5t isl&s h _! prop] species ( ! mundane g5us ( tortoise1 & ( ! widely di/ribut$ ,am]ican g5us ( ! mock+-?ru%1 z well z ( two ( ! ,galapageian sub-gr\ps ( f9*es1 & almo/ c]ta9ly ( ! ,galapageian g5us ,amblyrhyn*us4 ,! di/ribution ( ! t5ants ( ?is ar*ipelago w\ld n be ne>ly s wond]ful1 if1 = in/ance1 "o isl& _h a mock+-?ru%1 & a second isl& "s o!r q di/9ct g5us1--if "o isl& _h its g5us ( liz>d1 & a second isl& ano!r di/9ct g5us1 or none :atev]2--or if ! diff]5t isl&s 7 inhabit$1 n by repres5tative species ( ! same g5]a ( plants1 b by totally diff]5t g5]a1 z does to a c]ta9 ext5t hold good3 =1 to give "o in/ance1 a l>ge b]ry-be>+ tree at ,james ,isl& has no repres5tative species 9 ,*>les ,isl&4 ,b x is ! circum/ance1 t sev]al ( ! isl&s possess _! own species ( ! tortoise1 mock+-?ru%1 f9*es1 & num]\s plants1 ^! species hav+ ! same g5]al habits1 occupy+ analog\s situations1 & obvi\sly fill+ ! same place 9 ! natural economy ( ?is ar*ipelago1 t /rikes me ) wond]4 ,x may be suspect$ t "s ( ^! repres5tative species1 at lea/ 9 ! case ( ! tortoise & ( "s ( ! birds1 may h]eaft] prove to be only well-m>k$ races2 b ?is w\ld be ( equally great int]e/ to ! philosophical naturali/4 ,i h said t mo/ ( ! isl&s are 9 sight ( ea* o!r3 ,i may specify t ,*>les ,isl& is fifty miles f ! ne>e/ "p ( ,*a?am ,isl&1 & ?irty-?ree miles f ! ne>e/ "p ( ,albem>le ,isl&4 ,*a?am ,isl& is sixty miles f ! ne>e/ "p ( ,james ,isl&1 b !re are two int]m$iate isl&s betwe5 !m :i* 7 n visit$ by me4 ,james ,isl& is only t5 miles f ! ne>e/ "p ( ,albem>le ,isl&1 b ! two po9ts :]e ! collections 7 made are ?irty-two miles ap>t4 ,i mu/ repeat1 t nei!r ! nature ( ! soil1 nor height ( ! l&1 nor ! climate1 nor ! g5]al "* ( ! associat$ be+s1 & !re=e _! action "o on ano!r1 c diff] mu* 9 ! diff]5t isl&s4 ,if !re be any s5sible diff]5ce 9 _! climates1 x mu/ be betwe5 ! ,w9dw>d gr\p 7namely1 ,*>les & ,*a?am ,isl&s71 & t to leew>d2 b !re seems to be no correspond+ diff]5ce 9 ! productions ( ^! two halves ( ! ar*ipelago4 ,! only light :i* ,i c ?r[ on ?is rem>kable diff]5ce 9 ! inhabitants ( ! diff]5t isl&s1 is1 t v /rong curr5ts ( ! sea runn+ 9 a we/]ly & ,w4,n4,w4 direction mu/ sep>ate1 z f> z transportal by ! sea is conc]n$1 ! s\!rn isl&s f ! nor!rn ones2 & betwe5 ^! nor!rn isl&s a /rong ,n4,w4 curr5t 0 obs]v$1 :i* mu/ effectually sep>ate ,james & ,albem>le ,isl&s4 ,z ! ar*ipelago is free to a mo/ rem>kable degree f gales ( w9d1 nei!r ! birds1 insects1 nor light] se$s1 w\ld be bl[n f isl& to isl&4 ,& la/ly1 ! pr(\nd dep? ( ! ocean betwe5 ! isl&s1 & _! app>5tly rec5t 79 a geological s5se7 volcanic orig91 r5d] x highly unlikely t !y 7 ev] unit$2 & ?is1 probably1 is a f> m important consid]ation ?an any o!r1 ) respect to ! geographical di/ribution ( _! inhabitants4 ,review+ ! facts "h giv51 "o is a/oni%$ at ! am\nt ( creative =ce1 if su* an expression may be us$1 display$ on ^! small1 b>r51 & rocky isl&s2 & /ill m s1 at its div]se yet analog\s action on po9ts s ne> ea* o!r4 ,i h said t ! ,galapagos ,ar*ipelago might be call$ a satellite atta*$ to ,am]ica1 b x %\ld r be call$ a gr\p ( satellites1 physically simil>1 organically di/9ct1 yet intimately relat$ to ea* o!r1 & all relat$ 9 a m>k$1 ?\gh mu* less] degree1 to ! great ,am]ican cont95t4 ,i w conclude my description ( ! natural hi/ory ( ^! isl&s1 by giv+ an acc\nt ( ! extreme tam5ess ( ! birds4 ,?is disposition is common to all ! t]re/rial species2 namely1 to ! mock+-?ru%es1 ! f9*es1 wr5s1 tyrant-flycat*]s1 ! dove1 & c>rion-buzz>d4 ,all ( !m are (t5 approa*$ suffici5tly ne> to be kill$ ) a swit*1 & sometimes1 z ,i myself tri$1 ) a cap or hat4 ,a gun is "h almo/ sup]flu\s2 = ) ! muzzle ,i pu%$ a hawk (f ! bran* ( a tree4 ,"o day1 :il/ ly+ d[n1 a mock+-?ru% alight$ on ! edge ( a pit*]1 made ( ! %ell ( a tortoise1 :i* ,i held 9 my h&1 & began v quietly to sip ! wat]2 x all[$ me to lift x f ! gr\nd :il/ seat$ on ! vessel3 ,i (t5 tri$1 & v ne>ly succe$$1 9 cat*+ ^! birds by _! legs4 ,=m]ly ! birds appe> to h be5 ev5 tam] ?an at pres5t4 ,c[ley 79 ! ye> #afhd7 says t ! ,turtl$oves 7 s tame1 t !y w\ld (t5 alight on our hats & arms1 s z t we c\ld take !m alive1 !y n fe>+ man1 until su* "t z "s ( our company did fire at !m1 :]eby !y 7 r5d]$ m %y4 ,dampi] also1 9 ! same ye>1 says t a man 9 a morn+'s walk might kill six or sev5 doz5 ( ^! doves4 ,at pres5t1 al?\gh c]ta9ly v tame1 !y d n alight on p's arms1 nor d !y suff] !mselves to be kill$ 9 su* l>ge numb]s4 ,x is surpris+ t !y h n become wild]2 = ^! isl&s dur+ ! la/ hundr$ & fifty ye>s h be5 frequ5tly visit$ by bucani]s & :al]s2 & ! sailors1 w&]+ ?r\gh ! wood 9 se>* ( tortoises1 always take cruel delight 9 knock+ d[n ! little birds4 ,^! birds1 al?\gh n[ /ill m p]secut$1 d n readily become wild4 ,9 ,*>les ,isl&1 :i* _h !n be5 coloniz$ ab\t six ye>s1 ,i saw a boy sitt+ by a well ) a swit* 9 8 h&1 ) :i* he kill$ ! doves & f9*es z !y came to dr9k4 ,he _h already procur$ a little heap ( !m = 8 d9n]1 & he said t he _h con/antly be5 9 ! habit ( wait+ by ?is well = ! same purpose4 ,x w\ld appe> t ! birds ( ?is ar*ipelago1 n hav+ z yet le>nt t man is a m dang]\s animal ?an ! tortoise or ! ,amblyrhyn*us1 disreg>d him1 9 ! same mann] z 9 ,engl& %y birds1 su* z magpies1 disreg>d ! c[s & horses graz+ 9 our fields4 ,! ,falkl& ,isl&s (f] a second in/ance ( birds ) a simil> disposition4 ,! extraord9>y tam5ess ( ! little ,opetiorhyn*us has be5 rem>k$ by ,p]nety1 ,lesson1 & o!r voyag]s4 ,x is n1 h[ev]1 peculi> to t bird3 ! ,polyborus1 snipe1 upl& & l[l& goose1 ?ru%1 bunt+1 & ev5 "s true hawks1 are all m or less tame4 ,z ! birds are s tame !re1 :]e foxes1 hawks1 & owls occur1 we may inf] t ! abs5ce ( all rapaci\s animals at ! ,galapagos1 is n ! cause ( _! tam5ess "h4 ,! upl& geese at ! ,falkl&s %[1 by ! precaution !y take 9 build+ on ! islets1 t !y are aw>e ( _! dang] f ! foxes2 b !y are n by ?is r5d]$ wild t[>ds man4 ,?is tam5ess ( ! birds1 especially ( ! wat]-f[l1 is /rongly contra/$ ) ! habits ( ! same species 9 ,ti]ra del ,fuego1 :]e = ages pa/ !y h be5 p]secut$ by ! wild inhabitants4 ,9 ! ,falkl&s1 ! sportsman may sometimes kill m ( ! upl& geese 9 "o day ?an he c c>ry home2 :]eas 9 ,ti]ra del ,fuego x is ne>ly z difficult to kill "o1 z x is 9 ,engl& to %oot ! common wild goose4 ,9 ! "t ( ,p]nety 7#agfc71 all ! birds !re appe> to h be5 mu* tam] ?an at pres5t2 he /ates t ! ,opetiorhyn*us w\ld almo/ p]* on 8 f+]2 & t ) a w& he kill$ t5 9 half an h\r4 ,at t p]iod ! birds mu/ h be5 ab\t z tame z !y n[ are at ! ,galapagos4 ,!y appe> to h le>nt caution m sl[ly at ^! latt] isl&s ?an at ! ,falkl&s1 :]e !y h _h proportionate means ( exp]i5ce2 = besides frequ5t visits f vessels1 ^? isl&s h be5 at int]vals coloniz$ dur+ ! entire p]iod4 ,ev5 =m]ly1 :5 all ! birds 7 s tame1 x 0 impossible by ,p]nety's acc\nt to kill ! black-neck$ swan--a bird ( passage1 :i* probably br\ght ) x ! wisdom le>nt 9 =eign c\ntries4 ,i may add t1 accord+ to ,du ,bois1 all ! birds at ,b\rbon 9 #aega-gb1 ) ! exception ( ! flam+oes & geese1 7 s extremely tame1 t !y c\ld be caught by ! h&1 or kill$ 9 any numb] ) a /ick4 ,aga91 at ,tri/an d',acunha 9 ! ,atlantic1 ,c>mi*ael #f /ates t ! only two l&-birds1 a ?ru% & a bunt+1 7 s tame z to suff] !mselves to be caught ) a h&-net4 ,f ^! sev]al facts we may1 ,i ?9k1 conclude1 fir/1 t ! wildness ( birds ) reg>d to man1 is a p>ticul> in/9ct direct$ aga9/ him1 & n dep5d5t ^u any g5]al degree ( caution aris+ f o!r s\rces ( dang]2 secondly1 t x is n acquir$ by individual birds 9 a %ort "t1 ev5 :5 mu* p]secut$2 b t 9 ! c\rse ( successive g5]ations x becomes h]$it>y4 ,) dome/icat$ animals we are accu/om$ to see new m5tal habits or in/9cts acquir$ or r5d]$ h]$it>y2 b ) animals 9 a /ate ( nature1 x mu/ always be mo/ difficult to discov] in/ances ( acquir$ h]$it>y k4 ,9 reg>d to ! wildness ( birds t[>ds man1 !re is no way ( acc\nt+ = x1 except z an inh]it$ habit3 comp>atively few "y birds1 9 any "o ye>1 h be5 injur$ by man 9 ,engl&1 yet almo/ all1 ev5 ne/l+s1 are afraid ( him2 _m individuals1 on ! o!r h&1 bo? at ! ,galapagos & at ! ,falkl&s1 h be5 pursu$ & injur$ by man1 yet h n le>n$ a salut>y dread ( him4 ,we may inf] f ^! facts1 :at havoc ! introduction ( any new bea/ ( prey mu/ cause 9 a c\ntry1 be=e ! in/9cts ( ! indig5\s inhabitants h become adapt$ to ! /rang]'s craft or p[]4 #a ,! progress ( rese>* has %[n t "s ( ^! birds1 :i* 7 !n ?\ght to be conf9$ to ! isl&s1 occur on ! ,am]ican cont95t4 ,! em95t orni?ologi/1 ,mr4 ,sclat]1 in=ms me t ?is is ! case ) ! ,/rix punctatissima & ,pyrocephalus nanus2 & probably ) ! ,otus ,galapago5sis & ,z5aida ,galapago5sis3 s t ! numb] ( endemic birds is r$uc$ to tw5ty-?ree1 or probably to tw5ty-"o4 ,mr4 ,sclat] ?9ks t "o or two ( ^! endemic =ms %\ld be rank$ r z v>ieties ?an species1 :i* always seem$ to me probable4 #b ,?is is /at$ by ,dr4 ,gun!r 7,zoolog4 ,soc4 ,jan #bd?1 #ahei7 to be a peculi> species1 n kn[n to inhabit any o!r c\ntry4 #c ,voyage aux ,quatre ,iles d',afrique4 ,) respect to ! ,s&wi* ,isl&s1 see ,ty]man & ,b5nett's ,j\rnal1 vol4 i4 p4 #dcd4 ,= ,mauritius1 see ,voyage p> un ,(fici]1 etc41 "p i4 p4 #agj4 ,!re are no frogs 9 ! ,can>y ,isl&s 7,webb et ,b]!lot1 ,hi/4 ,nat4 des ,iles ,can>ies74 ,i saw none at ,/4 ,jago 9 ! ,cape de ,v]ds4 ,!re are none at ,/4 ,hel5a4 #d ,ann4 & ,mag4 ( ,nat4 ,hi/41 vol4 xvi4 p4 #ai4 #e ,voyage 9 ! ,u4 ,s4 %ip ,essex1 vol4 i4 p4 #bae4 #f ,l9n4 ,trans41 vol4 xii4 p4 #dif4 ,! mo/ anomal\s fact on ?is subject :i* ,i h met ) is ! wildness ( ! small birds 9 ! ,arctic p>ts ( ,nor? ,am]ica 7z describ$ by ,ri*>dson1 ,fauna ,bor41 vol4 ii4 p4 #ccb71 :]e !y are said nev] to be p]secut$4 ,?is case is ! m /range1 because x is ass]t$ t "s ( ! same species 9 _! w9t]-qu>t]s 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates are tame4 ,!re is mu*1 z ,dr4 ,ri*>dson well rem>ks1 utt]ly inexplicable connect$ ) ! diff]5t degrees ( %yness & c>e ) :i* birds conceal _! ne/s4 ,h[ /range x is t ! ,engli% wood-pigeon1 g5]ally s wild a bird1 %\ld v frequ5tly re> its "y 9 %rubb]ies close to h\ses6 ,,*apt] ,,xviii ,,tahiti ,,& ,,new ,,zeal& ,pass ?r\gh ! ,l[ ,ar*ipelago--,tahiti--,aspect--,vegetati on on ! ,m\nta9s--,view ( ,eimeo--,excursion into ! ,int]ior--,pr(\nd ,rav9es--,succession ( ,wat]falls--,numb] ( wild useful ,plants--,temp]ance ( ! ,inhabitants--,_! moral /ate--,p>liam5t conv5$--,new ,zeal&--,bay ( ,isl&s--,hippahs--,excursion to ,waimate--,mission>y ,e/abli%m5t--,engli% ,we$s n[ run wild--,waiomio--,fun]al ( a ,new ,zeal& ,woman--,sail = ,au/ralia4 ,,octob] #bj?4--,! survey ( ! ,galapagos ,ar*ipelago be+ conclud$1 we /e]$ t[>ds ,tahiti & comm5c$ our long passage ( #cbjj miles4 ,9 ! c\rse ( a few days we sail$ out ( ! gloomy & cl\d$ ocean-di/rict :i* ext5ds dur+ ! w9t] f> f ! coa/ ( ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,we !n enjoy$ bright & cle> wea!r1 :ile runn+ pleasantly along at ! rate ( #aej or #afj miles a day be=e ! /eady trade-w9d4 ,! temp]ature 9 ?is m c5tral "p ( ! ,pacific is high] ?an ne> ! ,am]ican %ore4 ,! !rmomet] 9 ! poop cab91 by night & day1 rang$ betwe5 #hj & #hc degs41 :i* feels v pleasant2 b ) "o degree or two high]1 ! heat becomes oppressive4 ,we pass$ ?r\gh ! ,l[ or ,dang]\s ,ar*ipelago1 & saw sev]al ( ^? mo/ curi\s r+s ( coral l&1 j ris+ above ! wat]'s edge1 :i* h be5 call$ ,lagoon ,isl&s4 ,a long & brilliantly :ite bea* is capp$ by a m>g9 ( gre5 vegetation2 & ! /rip1 look+ ei!r way1 rapidly n>r[s away 9 ! di/ance1 & s9ks b5ea? ! horizon ,f ! ma/-head a wide expanse ( smoo? wat] c be se5 )9 ! r+4 ,^! l[ holl[ coral isl&s be> no proportion to ! va/ ocean out ( :i* !y abruptly rise2 & x seems wond]ful1 t su* weak invad]s are n ov]:elm$1 by ! all-p[]ful & nev]-tir+ waves ( t great sea1 miscall$ ! ,pacific4 ,novemb] #ae?4--,at daylight1 ,tahiti1 an isl& :i* mu/ = ev] rema9 classical to ! voyag] 9 ! ,s\? ,sea1 0 9 view4 ,at a di/ance ! appe>ance 0 n attractive4 ,! luxuriant vegetation ( ! l[] "p c\ld n yet be se51 & z ! cl\ds roll$ pa/1 ! wilde/ & mo/ precipit\s peaks %[$ !mselves t[>ds ! c5tre ( ! isl&4 ,z soon z we an*or$ 9 ,matavai ,bay1 we 7 surr\nd$ by canoes4 ,?is 0 our ,sunday1 b ! ,monday ( ,tahiti3 if ! case _h be5 rev]s$1 we %\ld n h receiv$ a s+le visit2 = ! injunction n to laun* a canoe on ! sabba? is rigidly obey$4 ,aft] d9n] we l&$ to enjoy all ! delights produc$ by ! fir/ impressions ( a new c\ntry1 & t c\ntry ! *>m+ ,tahiti4 ,a cr[d ( m51 wom51 & *ildr51 0 collect$ on ! memorable ,po9t ,v5us1 ready to receive u ) laugh+1 m]ry faces4 ,!y m>%all$ u t[>ds ! h\se ( ,mr4 ,wilson1 ! mission>y ( ! di/rict1 :o met u on ! road1 & gave u a v fri5dly reception4 ,aft] sitt+ a v %ort "t 9 8 h\se1 we sep>at$ to walk ab\t1 b return$ !re 9 ! ev5+4 ,! l& capable ( cultivation1 is sc>cely 9 any "p m ?an a fr+e ( l[ alluvial soil1 accumulat$ r\nd ! base ( ! m\nta9s1 & protect$ f ! waves ( ! sea by a coral reef1 :i* encircles ! entire l9e ( coa/4 ,)9 ! reef !re is an expanse ( smoo? wat]1 l t ( a lake1 :]e ! canoes ( ! natives c ply ) safety & :]e %ips an*or4 ,! l[ l& :i* comes d[n to ! bea* ( coral-s&1 is cov]$ by ! mo/ beautiful productions ( ! int]tropical regions4 ,9 ! mid/ ( bananas1 orange1 cocoa-nut1 & bread-fruit trees1 spots are cle>$ :]e yams1 sweet potatoes1 & sug>-cane1 & p9e-apples are cultivat$4 ,ev5 ! bru%wood is an import$ fruit-tree1 namely1 ! guava1 :i* f its abundance has become z noxi\s z a we$4 ,9 ,brazil ,i h (t5 admir$ ! v>i$ beauty ( ! bananas1 palms1 & orange-trees contra/$ toge!r2 & "h we also h ! bread-fruit1 conspicu\s f its l>ge1 glossy1 & deeply digitat$ leaf4 ,x is admirable to behold groves ( a tree1 s5d+ =? its bran*es ) ! vig\r ( an ,engli% oak1 load$ ) l>ge & mo/ nutriti\s fruit4 ,h[ev] seldom ! usefulness ( an object c acc\nt = ! pleasure ( behold+ x1 9 ! case ( ^! beautiful woods1 ! k ( _! high productiv5ess no d\bt ent]s l>gely into ! feel+ ( admiration4 ,! little w9d+ pa?s1 cool f ! surr\nd+ %ade1 l$ to ! scatt]$ h\ses2 ! own]s ( :i* ev]y:]e gave u a *e]ful & mo/ hospitable reception4 ,i 0 pleas$ ) no?+ s mu* z ) ! inhabitants4 ,!re is a mildness 9 ! expression ( _! c\nt5ances :i* at once bani%es ! idea ( a savage2 & intellig5ce :i* %[s t !y are advanc+ 9 civilization4 ,! common p1 :5 work+1 keep ! upp] "p ( _! bodies q nak$2 & x is !n t ! ,tahitians are se5 to advantage4 ,!y are v tall1 broad-%\ld]$1 a?letic1 & well-proportion$4 ,x has be5 rem>k$1 t x requires little habit to make a d>k sk9 m pleas+ & natural to ! eye ( an ,european ?an 8 own col\r4 ,a :ite man ba?+ by ! side ( a ,tahitian1 0 l a plant blea*$ by ! g>d5]'s art comp>$ ) a f9e d>k gre5 "o gr[+ vigor\sly 9 ! op5 fields4 ,mo/ ( ! m5 are tattoo$1 & ! ornam5ts foll[ ! curvature ( ! body s gracefully1 t !y h a v elegant effect4 ,"o common patt]n1 v>y+ 9 its details1 is some:at l ! cr[n ( a palm-tree4 ,x spr+s f ! c5tral l9e ( ! back1 & gracefully curls r\nd bo? sides4 ,! simile may be a fanciful "o1 b ,i ?\ght ! body ( a man ?us ornam5t$ 0 l ! trunk ( a noble tree embrac$ by a delicate creep]4 ,_m ( ! eld] p _h _! feet cov]$ ) small figures1 s plac$ z to resemble a sock4 ,?is fa%ion1 h[ev]1 is p>tly gone by1 & has be5 succe$$ by o!rs4 ,"h1 al?\gh fa%ion is f> f immutable1 e "o mu/ abide by t prevail+ 9 8 y\?4 ,an old man has ?us 8 age = ev] /amp$ on 8 body1 & he _c assume ! airs ( a "y d&y4 ,! wom5 are tattoo$ 9 ! same mann] z ! m51 & v commonly on _! f+]s4 ,"o unbecom+ fa%ion is n[ almo/ univ]sal3 namely1 %av+ ! hair f ! upp] "p ( ! head1 9 a circul> =m1 s z to leave only an out] r+4 ,! mission>ies h tri$ to p]suade ! p to *ange ?is habit2 b x is ! fa%ion1 & t is a suffici5t answ] at ,tahiti1 z well z at ,p>is4 ,i 0 mu* disappo9t$ 9 ! p]sonal appe>ance ( ! wom53 !y are f> inf]ior 9 e respect to ! m54 ,! cu/om ( we>+ a :ite or sc>let fl[] 9 ! back ( ! head1 or ?r\gh a small hole 9 ea* e>1 is pretty4 ,a cr[n ( wov5 cocoa-nut leaves is also worn z a %ade = ! eyes4 ,! wom5 appe> to be 9 great] want ( "s becom+ co/ume ev5 ?an ! m54 ,ne>ly all ! natives und]/& a little ,engli%--t is1 !y "k ! names ( common ?+s2 & by ! aid ( ?is1 toge!r ) signs1 a lame sort ( conv]sation c\ld be c>ri$ on4 ,9 return+ 9 ! ev5+ to ! boat1 we /opp$ to witness a v pretty sc5e4 ,numb]s ( *ildr5 7 play+ on ! bea*1 & _h light$ bonfires :i* illum9$ ! placid sea & surr\nd+ trees2 o!rs1 9 circles1 7 s++ ,tahitian v]ses4 ,we seat$ ourselves on ! s&1 & jo9$ _! p>ty4 ,! songs 7 impromptu1 & ,i believe relat$ to our arrival3 "o little girl sang a l9e1 :i* ! re/ took up 9 p>ts1 =m+ a v pretty *orus4 ,! :ole sc5e made u unequivocally aw>e t we 7 seat$ on ! %ores ( an isl& 9 ! f>-fam$ ,s\? ,sea4 #ag?4--,?is day is reckon$ 9 ! log-book z ,tuesday ! #ag?1 in/ead ( ,monday ! #af?1 ow+ to our1 s f>1 successful *ase ( ! sun4 ,be=e breakfa/ ! %ip 0 hemm$ 9 by a flotilla ( canoes2 & :5 ! natives 7 all[$ to come on bo>d1 ,i suppose !re c\ld n h be5 less ?an two hundr$4 ,x 0 ! op9ion ( e "o t x w\ld h be5 difficult to h pick$ out an equal numb] f any o!r nation1 :o w\ld h giv5 s little tr\ble4 ,ev]ybody br\ght some?+ = sale3 %ells 7 ! ma9 articles ( trade4 ,! ,tahitians n[ fully und]/& ! value ( money1 & pref] x to old clo!s or o!r articles4 ,! v>i\s co9s1 h[ev]1 ( ,engli% & ,spani% d5om9ation puzzle !m1 & !y nev] seem$ to ?9k ! small silv] q secure until *ang$ into doll>s4 ,"s ( ! *iefs h accumulat$ consid]able sums ( money4 ,"o *ief1 n long s9ce1 (f]$ #hjj doll>s 7ab\t #afj p\nds /]l+7 = a small vessel2 & frequ5tly !y pur*ase :ale-boats & horses at ! rate ( f #ej to #ajj doll>s4 ,aft] breakfa/ ,i w5t on %ore1 & asc5d$ ! ne>e/ slope to a height ( betwe5 two & ?ree ?\s& feet4 ,! out] m\nta9s are smoo? & conical1 b /eep2 & ! old volcanic rocks1 ( :i* !y are =m$1 h be5 cut ?r\gh by _m pr(\nd rav9es1 div]g+ f ! c5tral brok5 p>ts ( ! isl& to ! coa/4 ,hav+ cross$ ! n>r[ l[ girt ( inhabit$ & f]tile l&1 ,i foll[$ a smoo? /eep ridge betwe5 two ( ! deep rav9es4 ,! vegetation 0 s+ul>1 consi/+ almo/ exclusively ( small dw>f f]ns1 m+l$ high] up1 ) co>se grass2 x 0 n v dissimil> f t on "s ( ! ,wel% hills1 & ?is s close above ! or*>d ( tropical plants on ! coa/ 0 v surpris+4 ,at ! highe/ po9t1 :i* ,i rea*$1 trees aga9 appe>$4 ,( ! ?ree zones ( comp>ative luxuriance1 ! l[] "o owes its moi/ure1 & !re=e f]tility1 to its flatness2 =1 be+ sc>cely rais$ above ! level ( ! sea1 ! wat] f ! high] l& dra9s away sl[ly4 ,! int]m$iate zone does n1 l ! upp] "o1 rea* into a damp & cl\dy atmosph]e1 & !re=e rema9s /]ile4 ,! woods 9 ! upp] zone are v pretty1 tree-f]ns replac+ ! cocoa-nuts on ! coa/4 ,x mu/ n1 h[ev]1 be suppos$ t ^! woods at all equal 9 spl5d\r ! =e/s ( ,brazil4 ,! va/ numb]s ( productions1 :i* *>act]ize a cont95t1 _c be expect$ to occur 9 an isl&4 ,f ! highe/ po9t :i* ,i atta9$1 !re 0 a good view ( ! di/ant isl& ( ,eimeo1 dep5d5t on ! same sov]eign ) ,tahiti4 ,on ! l(ty & brok5 p9nacles1 :ite massive cl\ds 7 pil$ up1 :i* =m$ an isl& 9 ! blue sky1 z ,eimeo itself did 9 ! blue ocean4 ,! isl&1 ) ! exception ( "o small gateway1 is completely encircl$ by a reef4 ,at ?is di/ance1 a n>r[ b well-def9$ brilliantly :ite l9e 0 alone visible1 :]e ! waves fir/ enc\nt]$ ! wall ( coral4 ,! m\nta9s rose abruptly out ( ! glassy expanse ( ! lagoon1 includ$ )9 ?is n>r[ :ite l9e1 outside :i* ! heav+ wat]s ( ! ocean 7 d>k-col\r$4 ,! view 0 /rik+3 x may aptly be comp>$ to a fram$ engrav+1 :]e ! frame repres5ts ! break]s1 ! m>g9al pap] ! smoo? lagoon1 & ! draw+ ! isl& itself4 ,:5 9 ! ev5+ ,i desc5d$ f ! m\nta91 a man1 :om ,i _h pleas$ ) a trifl+ gift1 met me1 br++ ) him hot roa/$ bananas1 a p9e-apple1 & cocoa-nuts4 ,aft] walk+ "u a burn+ sun1 ,i d n "k any?+ m delici\s ?an ! milk ( a "y cocoa-nut4 ,p9e-apples are "h s abundant t ! p eat !m 9 ! same wa/eful mann] z we might turnips4 ,!y are ( an excell5t flavor--p]haps ev5 bett] ?an ^? cultivat$ 9 ,engl&2 & ?is ,i believe is ! highe/ complim5t :i* c be paid to any fruit4 ,be=e go+ on bo>d1 ,mr4 ,wilson int]pret$ = me to ! ,tahitian :o _h paid me s adroit an att5tion1 t ,i want$ him & ano!r man to accompany me on a %ort excursion into ! m\nta9s4 #ah?4--,9 ! morn+ ,i came on %ore e>ly1 br++ ) me "s provisions 9 a bag1 & two blankets = myself & s]vant4 ,^! 7 la%$ to ea* end ( a long pole1 :i* 0 alt]nately c>ri$ by my ,tahitian companions on _! %\ld]s4 ,^! m5 are accu/om$ ?us to c>ry1 = a :ole day1 z mu* z fifty p\nds at ea* end ( _! poles4 ,i told my guides to provide !mselves ) food & clo?+2 b !y said t !re 0 pl5ty ( food 9 ! m\nta9s1 & = clo?+1 t _! sk9s 7 suffici5t4 ,our l9e ( m>* 0 ! valley ( ,tiaauru1 d[n :i* a riv] fl[s into ! sea by ,po9t ,v5us4 ,?is is "o ( ! pr9cipal /reams 9 ! isl&1 & its s\rce lies at ! base ( ! l(tie/ c5tral p9nacles1 :i* rise to a height ( ab\t #gjjj feet4 ,! :ole isl& is s m\nta9\s t ! only way to p5etrate into ! int]ior is to foll[ up ! valleys4 ,our road1 at fir/1 lay ?r\gh woods :i* bord]$ ea* side ( ! riv]2 & ! glimpses ( ! l(ty c5tral peaks1 se5 z ?r\gh an av5ue1 ) "h & !re a wav+ cocoa-nut tree on "o side1 7 extremely picturesque4 ,! valley soon began to n>r[1 & ! sides to gr[ l(ty & m precipit\s4 ,aft] hav+ walk$ betwe5 ?ree & f\r h\rs1 we f\nd ! wid? ( ! rav9e sc>cely exce$$ t ( ! b$ ( ! /ream4 ,on ea* h& ! walls 7 ne>ly v]tical1 yet f ! s(t nature ( ! volcanic /rata1 trees & a rank vegetation sprung f e project+ l$ge4 ,^! precipices mu/ h be5 "s ?\s& feet high2 & ! :ole =m$ a m\nta9 gorge f> m magnific5t ?an any?+ :i* ,i _h ev] be=e beheld4 ,until ! midday sun /ood v]tically ov] ! rav9e1 ! air felt cool & damp1 b n[ x became v sultry4 ,%ad$ by a l$ge ( rock1 b5ea? a facade ( column> lava1 we ate our d9n]4 ,my guides _h already procur$ a di% ( small fi% & fre%-wat] prawns4 ,!y c>ri$ ) !m a small net /ret*$ on a hoop2 & :]e ! wat] 0 deep & 9 eddies1 !y div$1 & l ott]s1 ) _! eyes op5 foll[$ ! fi% into holes & corn]s1 & ?us caught !m4 ,! ,tahitians h ! dext]ity ( amphibi\s animals 9 ! wat]4 ,an anecdote m5tion$ by ,ellis %[s h[ mu* !y feel at home 9 ?is elem5t4 ,:5 a horse 0 l&+ = ,pom>re 9 #ahag1 ! sl+s broke1 & x fell into ! wat]2 imm$iately ! natives jump$ ov]bo>d1 & by _! cries & va9 ef=ts at assi/ance almo/ dr[n$ x4 ,z soon1 h[ev]1 z x rea*$ ! %ore1 ! :ole population took to flight1 & tri$ to hide !mselves f ! man-c>ry+ pig1 z !y *ri/5$ ! horse4 ,a little high] up1 ! riv] divid$ itself into ?ree little /reams4 ,! two nor!rn ones 7 impracticable1 ow+ to a succession ( wat]falls :i* desc5d$ f ! jagg$ summit ( ! highe/ m\nta92 ! o!r to all appe>ance 0 equally inaccessible1 b we manag$ to asc5d x by a mo/ extraord9>y road4 ,! sides ( ! valley 7 "h ne>ly precipit\s1 b1 z frequ5tly happ5s ) /ratifi$ rocks1 small l$ges project$1 :i* 7 ?ickly cov]$ by wild bananas1 lilace\s plants1 & o!r luxuriant productions ( ! tropics4 ,! ,tahitians1 by climb+ among/ ^! l$ges1 se>*+ = fruit1 _h discov]$ a track by :i* ! :ole precipice c\ld be scal$4 ,! fir/ asc5t f ! valley 0 v dang]\s2 = x 0 necess>y to pass a /eeply incl9$ face ( nak$ rock1 by ! aid ( ropes :i* we br\ght ) u4 ,h[ any p]son discov]$ t ?is =midable spot 0 ! only po9t :]e ! side ( ! m\nta9 0 practicable1 ,i _c imag9e4 ,we !n cauti\sly walk$ along "o ( ! l$ges till we came to "o ( ! ?ree /reams4 ,?is l$ge =m$ a flat spot1 above :i* a beautiful cascade1 "s hundr$ feet 9 height1 p\r$ d[n its wat]s1 & b5ea?1 ano!r high cascade fell into ! ma9 /ream 9 ! valley bel[4 ,f ?is cool & %ady recess we made a circuit to avoid ! ov]hang+ wat]fall4 ,z be=e1 we foll[$ little project+ l$ges1 ! dang] be+ p>tly conceal$ by ! ?ickness ( ! vegetation4 ,9 pass+ f "o ( ! l$ges to ano!r1 !re 0 a v]tical wall ( rock4 ,"o ( ! ,tahitians1 a f9e active man1 plac$ ! trunk ( a tree aga9/ ?is1 climb$ up x1 & !n by ! aid ( crevices rea*$ ! summit4 ,he fix$ ! ropes to a project+ po9t1 & l[]$ !m = our dog & luggage1 & !n we clamb]$ up ourselves4 ,b5ea? ! l$ge on :i* ! dead tree 0 plac$1 ! precipice mu/ h be5 five or six hundr$ feet deep2 & if ! abyss _h n be5 p>tly conceal$ by ! ov]hang+ f]ns & lilies my head w\ld h turn$ giddy1 & no?+ %\ld h induc$ me to h attempt$ x4 ,we cont9u$ to asc5d1 sometimes along l$ges1 & sometimes along knife-edg$ ridges1 hav+ on ea* h& pr(\nd rav9es4 ,9 ! ,cordill]a ,i h se5 m\nta9s on a f> gr&] scale1 b = abruptness1 no?+ at all comp>able ) ?is4 ,9 ! ev5+ we rea*$ a flat little spot on ! banks ( ! same /ream1 :i* we _h cont9u$ to foll[1 & :i* desc5ds 9 a *a9 ( wat]falls3 "h we biv\ack$ = ! night4 ,on ea* side ( ! rav9e !re 7 great b$s ( ! m\nta9-banana1 cov]$ ) ripe fruit4 ,_m ( ^! plants 7 f tw5ty to tw5ty-five feet high1 & f ?ree to f\r 9 circumf]5ce4 ,by ! aid ( /rips ( b>k = rope1 ! /ems ( bamboos = raft]s1 & ! l>ge leaf ( ! banana = a ?at*1 ! ,tahitians 9 a few m9utes built u an excell5t h\se2 & ) )]$ leaves made a s(t b$4 ,!y !n proce$$ to make a fire1 & cook our ev5+ meal4 ,a light 0 procur$1 by rubb+ a blunt po9t$ /ick 9 a groove made 9 ano!r1 z if ) int5tion ( deep5+ x1 until by ! friction ! du/ became ignit$4 ,a peculi>ly :ite & v light wood 7! ,hibiscus tili>eus7 is alone us$ = ?is purpose3 x is ! same :i* s]ves = poles to c>ry any burd51 & = ! float+ out-rigg]s to _! canoes4 ,! fire 0 produc$ 9 a few seconds3 b to a p]son :o does n und]/& ! art1 x requires1 z ,i f\nd1 ! greate/ ex]tion2 b at la/1 to my great pride1 ,i succe$$ 9 ignit+ ! du/4 ,! ,gau*o 9 ! ,pampas uses a diff]5t me?od3 tak+ an ela/ic /ick ab\t eighte5 in*es long1 he presses "o end on 8 brea/1 & ! o!r po9t$ end into a hole 9 a piece ( wood1 & !n rapidly turns ! curv$ "p1 l a c>p5t]'s c5tre-bit4 ,! ,tahitians hav+ made a small fire ( /icks1 plac$ a score ( /ones1 ( ab\t ! size ( cricket-balls1 on ! burn+ wood4 ,9 ab\t t5 m9utes ! /icks 7 consum$1 & ! /ones hot4 ,!y _h previ\sly fold$ up 9 small p>cels ( leaves1 pieces ( beef1 fi%1 ripe & unripe bananas1 & ! tops ( ! wild arum4 ,^! gre5 p>cels 7 laid 9 a lay] betwe5 two lay]s ( ! hot /ones1 & ! :ole !n cov]$ up ) e>?1 s t no smoke or /eam c\ld escape4 ,9 ab\t a qu>t] ( an h\r1 ! :ole 0 mo/ delici\sly cook$4 ,! *oice gre5 p>cels 7 n[ laid on a clo? ( banana leaves1 & ) a cocoa-nut %ell we drank ! cool wat] ( ! runn+ /ream2 & ?us we enjoy$ our ru/ic meal4 ,i c\ld n look on ! surr\nd+ plants )\t admiration4 ,on e side 7 =e/s ( banana2 ! fruit ( :i*1 ?\gh s]v+ = food 9 v>i\s ways1 lay 9 heaps decay+ on ! gr\nd4 ,9 front ( u !re 0 an ext5sive brake ( wild sug>-cane2 & ! /ream 0 %ad$ by ! d>k gre5 knott$ /em ( ! ,ava1--s fam\s 9 =m] days = its p[]ful intoxicat+ effects4 ,i *ew$ a piece1 & f\nd t x _h an acrid & unpleasant ta/e1 :i* w\ld h induc$ any "o at once to h pron\nc$ x poison\s4 ,?anks to ! mission>ies1 ?is plant n[ ?rives only 9 ^! deep rav9es1 innocu\s to e "o4 ,close by ,i saw ! wild arum1 ! roots ( :i*1 :5 well bak$1 are good to eat1 & ! "y leaves bett] ?an sp9a*4 ,!re 0 ! wild yam1 & a liliace\s plant call$ ,ti1 :i* gr[s 9 abundance1 & has a s(t br[n root1 9 %ape & size l a huge log ( wood3 ?is s]v$ u = dess]t1 = x is z sweet z treacle1 & ) a pleasant ta/e4 ,!re 71 moreov]1 sev]al o!r wild fruits1 & useful vegetables4 ,! little /ream1 besides its cool wat]1 produc$ eels1 & cray-fi%4 ,i did inde$ admire ?is sc5e1 :5 ,i comp>$ x ) an uncultivat$ "o 9 ! temp]ate zones4 ,i felt ! =ce ( ! rem>k1 t man1 at lea/ savage man1 ) 8 reason+ p[]s only p>tly develop$1 is ! *ild ( ! tropics4 ,z ! ev5+ drew to a close1 ,i /roll$ b5ea? ! gloomy %ade ( ! bananas up ! c\rse ( ! /ream4 ,my walk 0 soon br\ght to a close1 by com+ to a wat]fall betwe5 two & ?ree hundr$ feet high2 & aga9 above ?is !re 0 ano!r4 ,i m5tion all ^! wat]falls 9 ?is "o brook1 to give a g5]al idea ( ! incl9ation ( ! l&4 ,9 ! little recess :]e ! wat] fell1 x did n appe> t a brea? ( w9d _h ev] bl[n4 ,! ?9 edges ( ! great leaves ( ! banana1 damp ) spray1 7 unbrok51 in/ead ( be+1 z is s g5]ally ! case1 split into a ?\s& %r$s4 ,f our position1 almo/ susp5d$ on ! m\nta9 side1 !re 7 glimpses into ! dep?s ( ! neighb\r+ valleys2 & ! l(ty po9ts ( ! c5tral m\nta9s1 t[]+ up )9 sixty degrees ( ! z5i?1 hid half ! ev5+ sky4 ,?us seat$1 x 0 a sublime spectacle to wat* ! %ades ( night gradually obscur+ ! la/ & highe/ p9nacles4 ,be=e we laid ourselves d[n to sleep1 ! eld] ,tahitian fell on 8 knees1 & ) clos$ eyes repeat$ a long pray] 9 8 native tongue4 ,he pray$ z a ,*ri/ian %\ld d1 ) fitt+ rev]5ce1 & )\t ! fe> ( ridicule or any o/5tation ( piety4 ,at our meals nei!r ( ! m5 w\ld ta/e food1 )\t say+ be=eh& a %ort grace4 ,^? travell]s :o ?9k t a ,tahitian prays only :5 ! eyes ( ! mission>y are fix$ on him1 %\ld h slept ) u t night on ! m\nta9-side4 ,be=e morn+ x ra9$ v heavily2 b ! good ?at* ( banana-leaves kept u dry4 ,novemb] #ai?4--,at daylight my fri5ds1 aft] _! morn+ pray]1 prep>$ an excell5t breakfa/ 9 ! same mann] z 9 ! ev5+4 ,!y !mselves c]ta9ly p>took ( x l>gely2 inde$ ,i nev] saw any m5 eat ne> s mu*4 ,i suppose su* enorm\sly capaci\s /oma*s mu/ be ! effect ( a l>ge "p ( _! diet consi/+ ( fruit & vegetables1 :i* conta91 9 a giv5 bulk1 a comp>atively small portion ( nutrim5t4 ,unwitt+ly1 ,i 0 ! means ( my companions break+1 z ,i aft]w>ds le>n$1 "o ( _! own laws1 & resolutions3 ,i took ) me a flask ( spirits1 :i* !y c\ld n refuse to p>take (2 b z (t5 z !y drank a little1 !y put _! f+]s be=e _! m\?s1 & utt]$ ! ^w ,mission>y4 ,ab\t two ye>s ago1 al?\gh ! use ( ! ava 0 prev5t$1 drunk5ness f ! introduction ( spirits became v preval5t4 ,! mission>ies prevail$ on a few good m51 :o saw t _! c\ntry 0 rapidly go+ to ru91 to jo9 ) !m 9 a ,temp]ance ,society4 ,f good s5se or %ame1 all ! *iefs & ! que5 7 at la/ p]suad$ to jo94 ,imm$iately a law 0 pass$1 t no spirits %\ld be all[$ to be introduc$ into ! isl&1 & t he :o sold & he :o b\ght ! =bidd5 article %\ld be puni%$ by a f9e4 ,) rem>kable ju/ice1 a c]ta9 p]iod 0 all[$ = /ock 9 h& to be sold1 be=e ! law came into effect4 ,b :5 x did1 a g5]al se>* 0 made1 9 :i* ev5 ! h\ses ( ! mission>ies 7 n exempt$1 & all ! ava 7z ! natives call all ard5t spirits7 0 p\r$ on ! gr\nd4 ,:5 "o reflects on ! effect ( intemp]ance on ! aborig9es ( ! two ,am]icas1 ,i ?9k x w be ackn[l$g$ t e well-wi%] ( ,tahiti owes no common debt ( gratitude to ! mission>ies4 ,z long z ! little isl& ( ,/4 ,hel5a rema9$ "u ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,ea/ ,india ,company1 spirits1 ow+ to ! great injury !y _h produc$1 7 n all[$ to be import$2 b w9e 0 suppli$ f ! ,cape ( ,good ,hope4 ,x is r a /rik+ & n v gratify+ fact1 t 9 ! same ye> t spirits 7 all[$ to be sold 9 ,hel5a1 _! use 0 bani%$ f ,tahiti by ! free w ( ! p4 ,aft] breakfa/ we proce$$ on our ,j\rney4 ,z my object 0 m]ely to see a little ( ! int]ior sc5]y1 we return$ by ano!r track1 :i* desc5d$ into ! ma9 valley l[] d[n4 ,= "s di/ance we w\nd1 by a mo/ intricate pa?1 along ! side ( ! m\nta9 :i* =m$ ! valley4 ,9 ! less precipit\s p>ts we pass$ ?r\gh ext5sive groves ( ! wild banana4 ,! ,tahitians1 ) _! nak$1 tattoo$ bodies1 _! heads ornam5t$ ) fl[]s1 & se5 9 ! d>k %ade ( ^! groves1 w\ld h =m$ a f9e picture ( man inhabit+ "s primeval l&4 ,9 our desc5t we foll[$ ! l9e ( ridges2 ^! 7 exce$+ly n>r[1 & = consid]able l5g?s /eep z a ladd]2 b all clo!d ) vegetation4 ,! extreme c>e necess>y 9 pois+ ea* /ep r5d]$ ! walk fatigu+4 ,i did n cease to wond] at ^! rav9es & precipices3 :5 view+ ! c\ntry f "o ( ! knife-edg$ ridges1 ! po9t ( support 0 s small1 t ! effect 0 ne>ly ! same z x mu/ be f a balloon4 ,9 ?is desc5t we _h occasion to use ! ropes only once1 at ! po9t :]e we ent]$ ! ma9 valley4 ,we slept "u ! same l$ge ( rock :]e we _h d9$ ! day be=e3 ! night 0 f9e1 b f ! dep? & n>r[ness ( ! gorge1 pr(\ndly d>k4 ,be=e actually see+ ?is c\ntry1 ,i f\nd x difficult to und]/& two facts m5tion$ by ,ellis2 namely1 t aft] ! murd]\s battles ( =m] times1 ! survivors on ! conqu]$ side retir$ into ! m\nta9s1 :]e a h&ful ( m5 c\ld resi/ a multitude4 ,c]ta9ly half a doz5 m51 at ! spot :]e ! ,tahitian re>$ ! old tree1 c\ld easily h repuls$ ?\s&s4 ,secondly1 t aft] ! introduction ( ,*ri/ianity1 !re 7 wild m5 :o liv$ 9 ! m\nta9s1 & ^: retreats 7 unkn[n to ! m civiliz$ inhabitants4 ,novemb] #bj?4--,9 ! morn+ we />t$ e>ly1 & rea*$ ,matavai at noon4 ,on ! road we met a l>ge p>ty ( noble a?letic m51 go+ = wild bananas4 ,i f\nd t ! %ip1 on acc\nt ( ! difficulty 9 wat]+1 _h mov$ to ! h>b\r ( ,papawa1 to :i* place ,i imm$iately walk$4 ,?is is a v pretty spot4 ,! cove is surr\nd$ by reefs1 & ! wat] z smoo? z 9 a lake4 ,! cultivat$ gr\nd1 ) its beautiful productions1 int]sp]s$ ) cottages1 comes close d[n to ! wat]'s edge4 ,f ! v>y+ acc\nts :i* ,i _h read be=e rea*+ ^! isl&s1 ,i 0 v anxi\s to =m1 f my own obs]vation1 a judgm5t ( _! moral /ate1--al?\gh su* judgm5t w\ld necess>ily be v imp]fect4 ,fir/ impressions at all times v mu* dep5d on "o's previ\sly acquir$ ideas4 ,my notions 7 drawn f ,ellis's ,polynesian ,rese>*es--an admirable & mo/ int]e/+ "w1 b naturally look+ at ev]y?+ "u a fav\rable po9t ( view1 f ,bee*ey's ,voyage2 & f t ( ,kotzebue1 :i* is /rongly adv]se to ! :ole mission>y sy/em4 ,he :o comp>es ^! ?ree acc\nts w1 ,i ?9k1 =m a tol]ably accurate conception ( ! pres5t /ate ( ,tahiti4 ,"o ( my impressions :i* ,i took f ! two la/ au?orities1 0 decid$ly incorrect2 viz41 t ! ,tahitians _h become a gloomy race1 & liv$ 9 fe> ( ! mission>ies4 ,( ! latt] feel+ ,i saw no trace1 unless1 inde$1 fe> & respect be conf\nd$ "u "o "n4 ,in/ead ( discont5t be+ a common feel+1 x w\ld be difficult 9 ,europe to pick out ( a cr[d half s _m m]ry & happy faces4 ,! prohibition ( ! flute & danc+ is inveigh$ aga9/ z wrong & fooli%2--! m ?an presbyt]ian mann] ( keep+ ! sabba? is look$ at 9 a simil> light4 ,on ^! po9ts ,i w n pret5d to (f] any op9ion to m5 :o h resid$ z _m ye>s z ,i 0 days on ! isl&4 ,on ! :ole1 x appe>s to me t ! morality & religion ( ! inhabitants are highly cr$itable4 ,!re are _m :o attack1 ev5 m acrimoni\sly ?an ,kotzebue1 bo? ! mission>ies1 _! sy/em1 & ! effects produc$ by x4 ,su* reason]s nev] comp>e ! pres5t /ate ) t ( ! isl& only tw5ty ye>s ago2 nor ev5 ) t ( ,europe at ?is day2 b !y comp>e x ) ! high /&>d ( ,gospel p]fection4 ,!y expect ! mission>ies to effect t :i* ! ,apo/les !mselves fail$ to d4 ,inasmu* z ! condition ( ! p falls %ort ( ?is high /&>d1 blame is atta*$ to ! mission>y1 in/ead ( cr$it = t :i* he has effect$4 ,!y =get1 or w n rememb]1 t human sacrifices1 & ! p[] ( an idolatr\s prie/hood--a sy/em ( pr(ligacy unp>allel$ 9 any o!r "p ( ! _w--infanticide a consequ5ce ( t sy/em--bloody w>s1 :]e ! conqu]ors sp>$ nei!r wom5 nor *ildr5--t all ^! h be5 aboli%$2 & t di%one/y1 intemp]ance1 & lic5ti\sness h be5 greatly r$uc$ by ! introduction ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,9 a voyag] to =get ^! ?+s is base +ratitude2 = %\ld he *ance to be at ! po9t ( %ipwreck on "s unkn[n coa/1 he w mo/ dev\tly pray t ! lesson ( ! mission>y may h ext5d$ ?us f>4 ,9 po9t ( morality1 ! virtue ( ! wom51 x has be5 (t5 said1 is mo/ op5 to exception4 ,b be=e !y are blam$ too sev]ely1 x w be well di/9ctly to call to m9d ! sc5es describ$ by ,capta9 ,cook & ,mr4 ,banks1 9 :i* ! gr&mo!rs & mo!rs ( ! pres5t race play$ a "p4 ,^? :o are mo/ sev]e1 %\ld consid] h[ mu* ( ! morality ( ! wom5 9 ,europe is ow+ to ! sy/em e>ly impress$ by mo!rs on _! daught]s1 & h[ mu* 9 ea* individual case to ! precepts ( religion4 ,b x is useless to argue aga9/ su* reason]s2--,i believe t1 disappo9t$ 9 n f9d+ ! field ( lic5ti\sness q s op5 z =m]ly1 !y w n give cr$it to a morality :i* !y d n wi% to practise1 or to a religion :i* !y und]value1 if n despise4 ,sunday1 #bbnd4--,! h>b\r ( ,papiete1 :]e ! que5 resides1 may be consid]$ z ! capital ( ! isl&3 x is also ! seat ( gov]nm5t1 & ! *ief resort ( %ipp+4 ,capta9 ,fitz ,roy took a p>ty !re ?is day to he> div9e s]vice1 fir/ 9 ! ,tahitian language1 & aft]w>ds 9 our own4 ,mr4 ,prit*>d1 ! lead+ mission>y 9 ! isl&1 p]=m$ ! s]vice4 ,! *apel consi/$ ( a l>ge airy framework ( wood2 & x 0 fill$ to excess by tidy1 clean p1 ( all ages & bo? sexes4 ,i 0 r disappo9t$ 9 ! app>5t degree ( att5tion2 b ,i believe my expectations 7 rais$ too high4 ,at all ev5ts ! appe>ance 0 q equal to t 9 a c\ntry *ur* 9 ,engl&4 ,! s++ ( ! hymns 0 decid$ly v pleas+1 b ! language f ! pulpit1 al?\gh flu5tly deliv]$1 did n s\nd well3 a con/ant repetition ( words1 l tata ta1 mata mai1 r5d]$ x monoton\s4 ,aft] ,engli% s]vice1 a p>ty return$ on foot to ,matavai4 ,x 0 a pleasant walk1 sometimes along ! sea-bea* & sometimes "u ! %ade ( ! _m beautiful trees4 ,ab\t two ye>s ago1 a small vessel "u ,engli% col\rs 0 plund]$ by "s ( ! inhabitants ( ! ,l[ ,isl&s1 :i* 7 !n "u ! dom9ion ( ! ,que5 ( ,tahiti4 ,x 0 believ$ t ! p]petrators 7 in/igat$ to ?is act by "s indiscreet laws issu$ by h] maje/y4 ,! ,briti% gov]nm5t dem&$ comp5sation2 :i* 0 acc$$ to1 & ! sum ( ne>ly ?ree ?\s& doll>s 0 agre$ to be paid on ! fir/ ( la/ ,septemb]4 ,! ,commodore at ,lima ord]$ ,capta9 ,fitz ,roy to inquire conc]n+ ?is debt1 & to dem& satisfaction if x 7 n paid4 ,capta9 ,fitz ,roy accord+ly reque/$ an int]view ) ! ,que5 ,pom>re1 s9ce fam\s f ! ill-treatm5t %e _h receiv$ f ! ,fr5*2 & a p>liam5t 0 held to consid] ! "q1 at :i* all ! pr9cipal *iefs ( ! isl& & ! que5 7 assembl$4 ,i w n attempt to describe :at took place1 aft] ! int]e/+ acc\nt giv5 by ,capta9 ,fitz ,roy4 ,! money1 x appe>$1 _h n be5 paid2 p]haps ! alleg$ reasons 7 r equivocal2 b o!rwise ,i _c suffici5tly express our g5]al surprise at ! extreme good s5se1 ! reason+ p[]s1 mod]ation1 c&\r1 & prompt resolution1 :i* 7 display$ on all sides4 ,i believe we all left ! meet+ ) a v diff]5t op9ion ( ! ,tahitians1 f :at we ent]ta9$ :5 we ent]$4 ,! *iefs & p resolv$ to subscribe & complete ! sum :i* 0 want+2 ,capta9 ,fitz ,roy urg$ t x 0 h>d t _! private prop]ty %\ld be sacrific$ = ! crimes ( di/ant isl&]s4 ,!y repli$1 t !y 7 grateful = 8 consid]ation1 b t ,pom>re 0 _! ,que51 & t !y 7 det]m9$ to help h] 9 ?is h] difficulty4 ,?is resolution & its prompt execution1 = a book 0 op5$ e>ly ! next morn+1 made a p]fect conclusion to ?is v rem>kable sc5e ( loyalty & good feel+4 ,aft] ! ma9 discussion 0 end$1 sev]al ( ! *iefs took ! opportunity ( ask+ ,capta9 ,fitz ,roy _m intellig5t que/ions on int]national cu/oms & laws1 relat+ to ! treatm5t ( %ips & =eign]s4 ,on "s po9ts1 z soon z ! decision 0 made1 ! law 0 issu$ v]bally on ! spot4 ,?is ,tahitian p>liam5t la/$ = sev]al h\rs2 & :5 x 0 ov] ,capta9 ,fitz ,roy invit$ ,que5 ,pom>re to pay ! ,beagle a visit4 ,novemb] #be?4--,9 ! ev5+ f\r boats 7 s5t = h] maje/y2 ! %ip 0 dress$ ) flags1 & ! y>ds mann$ on h] com+ on bo>d4 ,%e 0 accompani$ by mo/ ( ! *iefs4 ,! behavi\r ( all 0 v prop]3 !y begg$ = no?+1 & seem$ mu* pleas$ ) ,capta9 ,fitz ,roy's pres5ts4 ,! que5 is a l>ge awkw>d woman1 )\t any beauty1 grace or dignity4 ,%e has only "o royal attribute3 a p]fect immovability ( expression "u all circum/ances1 & t r a sull5 "o4 ,! rockets 7 mo/ admir$1 & a deep ,oh6 c\ld be he>d f ! %ore1 all r\nd ! d>k bay1 aft] ea* explosion4 ,! sailors' songs 7 also mu* admir$2 & ! que5 said %e ?\ght t "o ( ! mo/ boi/]\s ones c]ta9ly c\ld n be a hymn6 ,! royal p>ty did n return on %ore till pa/ midnight4 #bf?4--,9 ! ev5+1 ) a g5tle l&-breeze1 a c\rse 0 /e]$ = ,new ,zeal&2 & z ! sun set1 we _h a f>ewell view ( ! m\nta9s ( ,tahiti--! isl& to :i* e voyag] has (f]$ up 8 tribute ( admiration4 ,decemb] #ai?4--,9 ! ev5+ we saw 9 ! di/ance ,new ,zeal&4 ,we may n[ consid] t we h ne>ly cross$ ! ,pacific4 ,x is necess>y to sail ov] ?is great ocean to compreh5d its imm5sity4 ,mov+ quickly onw>ds = weeks toge!r1 we meet ) no?+ b ! same blue1 pr(\ndly deep1 ocean4 ,ev5 )9 ! ar*ipelagoes1 ! isl&s are m]e specks1 & f> di/ant "o f ! o!r4 ,accu/om$ to look at maps drawn on a small scale1 :]e dots1 %ad+1 & names are cr[d$ toge!r1 we d n rightly judge h[ inf9itely small ! proportion ( dry l& is to wat] ( ?is va/ expanse4 ,! m]idian ( ! ,antipodes has likewise be5 pass$2 & n[ e league1 x made u happy to ?9k1 0 "o league ne>] to ,engl&4 ,^! ,antipodes call to "o's m9d old recollections ( *ildi% d\bt & wond]4 ,only ! o!r day ,i look$ =w>d to ?is airy b>ri] z a def9ite po9t 9 our voyage homew>ds2 b n[ ,i f9d x1 & all su* re/+-places = ! imag9ation1 are l %ad[s1 :i* a man mov+ onw>ds _c cat*4 ,a gale ( w9d la/+ = "s days1 has lately giv5 u full leisure to measure ! future /ages 9 our homew>d voyage1 & to wi% mo/ e>ne/ly = its t]m9ation4 ,decemb] #ba/4--,e>ly 9 ! morn+ we ent]$ ! ,bay ( ,isl&s1 & be+ becalm$ = "s h\rs ne> ! m\?1 we did n rea* ! an*orage till ! middle ( ! day4 ,! c\ntry is hilly1 ) a smoo? outl9e1 & is deeply int]sect$ by num]\s arms ( ! sea ext5d+ f ! bay4 ,! surface appe>s f a di/ance z if clo!d ) co>se pa/ure1 b ?is 9 tru? is no?+ b f]n4 ,on ! m di/ant hills1 z well z 9 p>ts ( ! valleys1 !re is a good deal ( woodl&4 ,! g5]al t9t ( ! l&scape is n a bright gre52 & x resembles ! c\ntry a %ort di/ance to ! s\? ( ,concepcion 9 ,*ile4 ,9 sev]al p>ts ( ! bay1 little villages ( squ>e tidy look+ h\ses are scatt]$ close d[n to ! wat]'s edge4 ,?ree :al+-%ips 7 ly+ at an*or1 & a canoe e n[ & !n cross$ f %ore to %ore2 ) ^! exceptions1 an air ( extreme quietness reign$ ov] ! :ole di/rict4 ,only a s+le canoe came alongside4 ,?is1 & ! aspect ( ! :ole sc5e1 af=d$ a rem>kable1 & n v pleas+ contra/1 ) our joyful & boi/]\s welcome at ,tahiti4 ,9 ! aft]noon we w5t on %ore to "o ( ! l>g] gr\ps ( h\ses1 :i* yet h>dly des]ves ! title ( a village4 ,its "n is ,pahia3 x is ! resid5ce ( ! mission>ies2 & !re are no native resid5ts except s]vants & lab\r]s4 ,9 ! vic9ity ( ! ,bay ( ,isl&s1 ! numb] ( ,engli%m51 includ+ _! families1 am\nts to betwe5 two & ?ree hundr$4 ,all ! cottages1 _m ( :i* are :itewa%$ & look v neat1 are ! prop]ty ( ! ,engli%4 ,! hovels ( ! natives are s dim9utive & paltry1 t !y c sc>cely be p]ceiv$ f a di/ance4 ,at ,pahia1 x 0 q pleas+ to behold ! ,engli% fl[]s 9 ! g>d5s be=e ! h\ses2 !re 7 roses ( sev]al k9ds1 honeysuckle1 jasm9e1 /ocks1 & :ole h$ges ( sweetbri]4 ,decemb] #bbnd4--,9 ! morn+ ,i w5t out walk+2 b ,i soon f\nd t ! c\ntry 0 v impracticable4 ,all ! hills are ?ickly cov]$ ) tall f]n1 toge!r ) a l[ bu% :i* gr[s l a cypress2 & v little gr\nd has be5 cle>$ or cultivat$4 ,i !n tri$ ! sea-bea*2 b proce$+ t[>ds ei!r h&1 my walk 0 soon /opp$ by salt-wat] creeks & deep brooks4 ,! communication betwe5 ! inhabitants ( ! diff]5t p>ts ( ! bay1 is 7z 9 ,*iloe7 almo/ entirely kept up by boats4 ,i 0 surpris$ to f9d t almo/ e hill :i* ,i asc5d$1 _h be5 at "s =m] "t m or less =tifi$4 ,! summits 7 cut into /eps or successive t]races1 & frequ5tly !y _h be5 protect$ by deep tr5*es4 ,i aft]w>ds obs]v$ t ! pr9cipal hills inl& 9 l mann] %[$ an artificial outl9e4 ,^! are ! ,pas1 s frequ5tly m5tion$ by ,capta9 ,cook "u ! "n ( hippah2 ! diff]5ce ( s\nd be+ ow+ to ! prefix$ article4 ,t ! ,pas _h =m]ly be5 mu* us$1 0 evid5t f ! piles ( %ells1 & ! pits 9 :i*1 z ,i 0 in=m$1 sweet potatoes us$ to be kept z a res]ve4 ,z !re 0 no wat] on ^! hills1 ! def5d]s c\ld nev] h anticipat$ a long siege1 b only a hurri$ attack = plund]1 aga9/ :i* ! successive t]races w\ld h af=d$ good protection4 ,! g5]al introduction ( fire-arms has *ang$ ! :ole sy/em ( w>f>e2 & an expos$ situation on ! top ( a hill is n[ worse ?an useless4 ,! ,pas 9 consequ5ce are1 at ! pres5t day1 always built on a level piece ( gr\nd4 ,!y consi/ ( a d\ble /ockade ( ?ick & tall po/s1 plac$ 9 a zigzag l9e1 s t e "p c be flank$4 ,)9 ! /ockade a m\nd ( e>? is ?r[n up1 beh9d :i* ! def5d]s c re/ 9 safety1 or use _! fire-arms ov] x4 ,on ! level ( ! gr\nd little ar*ways sometimes pass ?r\gh ?is brea/work1 by :i* means ! def5d]s c crawl out to ! /ockade & reconnoitre _! enemies4 ,! ,rev4 ,w4 ,williams1 :o gave me ?is acc\nt1 add$1 t 9 "o ,pas he _h notic$ spurs or buttresses project+ on ! inn] & protect$ side ( ! m\nd ( e>?4 ,on ask+ ! *ief ! use ( !m1 he repli$1 t if two or ?ree ( 8 m5 7 %ot1 _! neighb\rs w\ld n see ! bodies1 & s be disc\rag$4 ,^! ,pas are consid]$ by ! ,new ,zeal&]s z v p]fect means ( def5ce3 = ! attack+ =ce is nev] s well discipl9$ z to ru% 9 a body to ! /ockade1 cut x d[n1 & effect _! entry4 ,:5 a tribe goes to w>1 ! *ief _c ord] "o p>ty to g "h & ano!r !re2 b e man fights 9 ! mann] :i* be/ pleases himself2 & to ea* sep>ate individual to approa* a /ockade def5d$ by fire-arms mu/ appe> c]ta9 dea?4 ,i %\ld ?9k a m w>like race ( inhabitants c\ld n be f\nd 9 any "p ( ! _w ?an ! ,new ,zeal&]s4 ,_! conduct on fir/ see+ a %ip1 z describ$ by ,capta9 ,cook1 /rongly illu/rates ?is3 ! act ( ?r[+ volleys ( /ones at s great & novel an object1 & _! defiance ( ,come on %ore & we w kill & eat y all1 %[s uncommon boldness4 ,?is w>like _s is evid5t 9 _m ( _! cu/oms1 & ev5 9 _! smalle/ actions4 ,if a ,new ,zeal&] is /ruck1 al?\gh b 9 joke1 ! bl[ mu/ be return$ & ( ?is ,i saw an in/ance ) "o ( our (fic]s4 ,at ! pres5t day1 f ! progress ( civilization1 !re is mu* less w>f>e1 except among "s ( ! s\!rn tribes4 ,i he>d a *>act]i/ic anecdote ( :at took place "s "t ago 9 ! s\?4 ,a mission>y f\nd a *ief & 8 tribe 9 prep>ation = w>2--_! muskets clean & bright1 & _! ammunition ready4 ,he reason$ long on ! inutility ( ! w>1 & ! little provocation :i* _h be5 giv5 = x4 ,! *ief 0 mu* %ak5 9 8 resolution1 & seem$ 9 d\bt3 b at l5g? x occurr$ to him t a b>rel ( 8 gunp[d] 0 9 a bad /ate1 & t x w\ld n keep mu* long]4 ,?is 0 br\ght =w>d z an unansw]able argum5t = ! necessity ( imm$iately decl>+ w>3 ! idea ( all[+ s mu* good gunp[d] to spoil 0 n to be ?\ght (2 & ?is settl$ ! po9t4 ,i 0 told by ! mission>ies t 9 ! life ( ,%ongi1 ! *ief :o visit$ ,engl&1 ! love ( w> 0 ! "o & la/+ spr+ ( e action4 ,! tribe 9 :i* he 0 a pr9cipal *ief _h at "o "t be5 oppress$ by ano!r tribe f ! ,?ames ,riv]4 ,a solemn oa? 0 tak5 by ! m5 t :5 _! boys %\ld gr[ up1 & !y %\ld be p[]ful en\gh1 !y w\ld nev] =get or =give ^! injuries4 ,to fulfil ?is oa? appe>s to h be5 ,%ongi's *ief motive = go+ to ,engl&2 & :5 !re x 0 8 sole object4 ,pres5ts 7 valu$ only z !y c\ld be conv]t$ into arms2 ( ! arts1 ^? alone int]e/$ him :i* 7 connect$ ) ! manufacture ( arms4 ,:5 at ,sydney1 ,%ongi1 by a /range co9cid5ce1 met ! ho/ile *ief ( ! ,?ames ,riv] at ! h\se ( ,mr4 ,m>sd53 _! conduct 0 civil to ea* o!r2 b ,%ongi told him t :5 aga9 9 ,new ,zeal& he w\ld nev] cease to c>ry w> into 8 c\ntry4 ,! *all5ge 0 accept$2 & ,%ongi on 8 return fulfill$ ! ?reat to ! utmo/ lett]4 ,! tribe on ! ,?ames ,riv] 0 utt]ly ov]?r[n1 & ! *ief to :om ! *all5ge _h be5 giv5 0 himself kill$4 ,%ongi1 al?\gh h>b\r+ su* deep feel+s ( hatr$ & rev5ge1 is describ$ z hav+ be5 a good-natur$ p]son4 ,9 ! ev5+ ,i w5t ) ,capta9 ,fitz ,roy & ,mr4 ,bak]1 "o ( ! mission>ies1 to pay a visit to ,kororadika3 we w&]$ ab\t ! village1 & saw & conv]s$ ) _m ( ! p1 bo? m51 wom51 & *ildr54 ,look+ at ! ,new ,zeal&]1 "o naturally comp>es him ) ! ,tahitian2 bo? belong+ to ! same family ( mank9d4 ,! comp>ison1 h[ev]1 tells heavily aga9/ ! ,new ,zeal&]4 ,he may1 p]haps be sup]ior 9 en]gy1 b 9 e o!r respect 8 "* is ( a mu* l[] ord]4 ,"o glance at _! respective expressions1 br+s conviction to ! m9d t "o is a savage1 ! o!r a civiliz$ man4 ,x w\ld be va9 to seek 9 ! :ole ( ,new ,zeal& a p]son ) ! face & mi5 ( ! old ,tahitian *ief ,utamme4 ,no d\bt ! extraord9>y mann] 9 :i* tattoo+ is "h practis$1 gives a disagreeable expression to _! c\nt5ances4 ,! complicat$ b symmetrical figures cov]+ ! :ole face1 puzzle & mislead an unaccu/om$ eye3 x is moreov] probable1 t ! deep incisions1 by de/roy+ ! play ( ! sup]ficial muscles1 give an air ( rigid inflexibility4 ,b1 besides ?is1 !re is a tw9kl+ 9 ! eye1 :i* _c indicate any?+ b cunn+ & f]ocity4 ,_! figures are tall & bulky2 b n comp>able 9 elegance ) ^? ( ! work+-classes 9 ,tahiti4 ,b _! p]sons & h\ses are fil?ily dirty & (f5sive3 ! idea ( wa%+ ei!r _! bodies or _! clo!s nev] seems to ent] _! heads4 ,i saw a *ief1 :o 0 we>+ a %irt black & matt$ ) fil?1 & :5 ask$ h[ x came to be s dirty1 he repli$1 ) surprise1 ,d n y see x is an old "o8 ,"s ( ! m5 h %irts2 b ! common dress is "o or two l>ge blankets1 g5]ally black ) dirt1 :i* are ?r[n ov] _! %\ld]s 9 a v inconv5i5t & awkw>d fa%ion4 ,a few ( ! pr9cipal *iefs h dec5t suits ( ,engli% clo!s2 b ^! are only worn on great occasions4 ,decemb] #bcrd4--,at a place call$ ,waimate1 ab\t fifte5 miles f ! ,bay ( ,isl&s1 & midway betwe5 ! ea/]n & we/]n coa/s1 ! mission>ies h pur*as$ "s l& = agricultural purposes4 ,i _h be5 introduc$ to ! ,rev4 ,w4 ,williams1 :o1 ^u my express+ a wi%1 invit$ me to pay him a visit !re4 ,mr4 ,bu%by1 ! ,briti% resid5t1 (f]$ to take me 9 8 boat by a creek1 :]e ,i %\ld see a pretty wat]fall1 & by :i* means my walk w\ld be %ort5$4 ,he likewise procur$ = me a guide4 ,^u ask+ a neighb\r+ *ief to recomm5d a man1 ! *ief himself (f]$ to g2 b 8 ignorance ( ! value ( money 0 s complete1 t at fir/ he ask$ h[ _m p\nds ,i w\ld give him1 b aft]w>ds 0 well cont5t$ ) two doll>s4 ,:5 ,i %[$ ! *ief a v small bundle1 :i* ,i want$ c>ri$1 x became absolutely necess>y = him to take a slave4 ,^! feel+s ( pride are beg9n+ to we> away2 b =m]ly a lead+ man w\ld soon] h di$1 ?an und]gone ! indignity ( c>ry+ ! smalle/ burd54 ,my companion 0 a light active man1 dress$ 9 a dirty blanket1 & ) 8 face completely tattoo$4 ,he _h =m]ly be5 a great w>rior4 ,he appe>$ to be on v cordial t]ms ) ,mr4 ,bu%by2 b at v>i\s times !y _h qu>rell$ viol5tly4 ,mr4 ,bu%by rem>k$ t a little quiet irony w\ld frequ5tly sil5ce any "o ( ^! natives 9 _! mo/ blu/]+ mom5ts4 ,?is *ief has come & h>angu$ ,mr4 ,bu%by 9 a hector+ mann]1 say+1 great *ief1 a great man1 a fri5d ( m9e1 has come to pay me a visit--y mu/ give him some?+ good to eat1 "s f9e pres5ts1 etc4 ,mr4 ,bu%by has all[$ him to f9i% 8 disc\rse1 & !n has quietly repli$ by "s answ] su* z1 ,:at else %all y\r slave d = y8 ,! man w\ld !n in/antly1 ) a v comical expression1 cease 8 braggadocio4 ,"s "t ago1 ,mr4 ,bu%by suff]$ a f> m s]i\s attack4 ,a *ief & a p>ty ( m5 tri$ to break into 8 h\se 9 ! middle ( ! night1 & n f9d+ ?is s easy1 comm5c$ a brisk fir+ ) _! muskets4 ,mr4 ,bu%by 0 slightly w\nd$1 b ! p>ty 0 at l5g? driv5 away4 ,%ortly aft]w>ds x 0 discov]$ :o 0 ! aggressor2 & a g5]al meet+ ( ! *iefs 0 conv5$ to consid] ! case4 ,x 0 consid]$ by ! ,new ,zeal&]s z v atroci\s1 inasmu* z x 0 a night attack1 & t ,mrs4 ,bu%by 0 ly+ ill 9 ! h\se3 ?is latt] circum/ance1 mu* to _! hon\r1 be+ consid]$ 9 all cases z a protection4 ,! *iefs agre$ to confiscate ! l& ( ! aggressor to ! ,k+ ( ,engl&4 ,! :ole proce$+1 h[ev]1 9 ?us try+ & puni%+ a *ief 0 entirely )\t prec$5t4 ,! aggressor1 moreov]1 lo/ ca/e 9 ! e/imation ( 8 equals & ?is 0 consid]$ by ! ,briti% z ( m consequ5ce ?an ! confiscation ( 8 l&4 ,z ! boat 0 %ov+ (f1 a second *ief /epp$ into h]1 :o only want$ ! amusem5t ( ! passage up & d[n ! creek4 ,i nev] saw a m horrid & f]oci\s expression ?an ?is man _h4 ,x imm$iately /ruck me ,i _h some:]e se5 8 lik5ess3 x w be f\nd 9 ,retz*'s outl9es to ,s*ill]'s ballad ( ,fridol91 :]e two m5 are pu%+ ,rob]t into ! burn+ iron furnace4 ,x is ! man :o has 8 arm on ,rob]t's brea/4 ,physiognomy "h spoke ! tru?2 ?is *ief _h be5 a notori\s murd]]1 & 0 an arrant c[>d to boot4 ,at ! po9t :]e ! boat l&$1 ,mr4 ,bu%by accompani$ me a few hundr$ y>ds on ! road3 ,i c\ld n help admir+ ! cool impud5ce ( ! ho>y old villa91 :om we left ly+ 9 ! boat1 :5 he %\t$ to ,mr4 ,bu%by1 ,d n y /ay long1 ,i %all be tir$ ( wait+ "h4 ,we n[ comm5c$ our walk4 ,! road lay along a well beat5 pa?1 bord]$ on ea* side by ! tall f]n1 :i* cov]s ! :ole c\ntry4 ,aft] travell+ "s miles1 we came to a little c\ntry village1 :]e a few hovels 7 collect$ toge!r1 & "s pat*es ( gr\nd cultivat$ ) potatoes4 ,! introduction ( ! potato has be5 ! mo/ ess5tial b5efit to ! isl&2 x is n[ mu* m us$ ?an any native vegetable4 ,new ,zeal& is fav\r$ by "o great natural advantage2 namely1 t ! inhabitants c nev] p]i% f fam9e4 ,! :ole c\ntry ab\nds ) f]n3 & ! roots ( ?is plant1 if n v palatable1 yet conta9 mu* nutrim5t4 ,a native c always subsi/ on ^!1 & on ! %ell-fi%1 :i* are abundant on all p>ts ( ! sea-coa/4 ,! villages are *iefly conspicu\s by ! plat=ms :i* are rais$ on f\r po/s t5 or twelve feet above ! gr\nd1 & on :i* ! produce ( ! fields is kept secure f all accid5ts4 ,on com+ ne> "o ( ! huts ,i 0 mu* amus$ by see+ 9 due =m ! c]emony ( rubb+1 or1 z x ought to be call$1 press+ noses4 ,! wom51 on our fir/ approa*1 began utt]+ some?+ 9 a mo/ dolor\s voice2 !y !n squatt$ !mselves d[n & held up _! faces2 my companion /&+ ov] !m1 "o aft] ano!r1 plac$ ! bridge ( 8 nose at "r angles to !irs1 & comm5c$ press+4 ,?is la/$ r long] ?an a cordial %ake ( ! h& ) u1 & z we v>y ! =ce ( ! grasp ( ! h& 9 %ak+1 s d !y 9 press+4 ,dur+ ! process !y utt]$ com=table little grunts1 v mu* 9 ! same mann] z two pigs d1 :5 rubb+ aga9/ ea* o!r4 ,i notic$ t ! slave w\ld press noses ) any "o he met1 indiff]5tly ei!r be=e or aft] 8 ma/] ! *ief4 ,al?\gh among ! savages1 ! *ief has absolute p[] ( life & dea? ov] 8 slave1 yet !re is an entire abs5ce ( c]emony betwe5 !m4 ,mr4 ,bur*ell has rem>k$ ! same ?+ 9 ,s\!rn ,africa1 ) ! rude ,ba*ap9s4 ,:]e civilization has arriv$ at a c]ta9 po9t1 complex =malities soon arise betwe5 ! diff]5t grades ( society3 ?us at ,tahiti all 7 =m]ly oblig$ to uncov] !mselves z l[ z ! wai/ 9 pres5ce ( ! k+4 ,! c]emony ( press+ noses hav+ be5 duly complet$ ) all pres5t1 we seat$ ourselves 9 a circle 9 ! front ( "o ( ! hovels1 & re/$ !re half-an-h\r4 ,all ! hovels h ne>ly ! same =m & dim5sions1 & all agree 9 be+ fil?ily dirty4 ,!y resemble a c[-%$ ) "o end op51 b hav+ a p>tition a little way )91 ) a squ>e hole 9 x1 mak+ a small gloomy *amb]4 ,9 ?is ! inhabitants keep all _! prop]ty1 & :5 ! wea!r is cold !y sleep !re4 ,!y eat1 h[ev]1 & pass _! "t 9 ! op5 "p 9 front4 ,my guides hav+ f9i%$ _! pipes1 we cont9u$ our walk4 ,! pa? l$ ?r\gh ! same undulat+ c\ntry1 ! :ole uni=mly clo!d z be=e ) f]n4 ,on our "r h& we _h a s]p5t9e riv]1 ! banks ( :i* 7 fr+$ ) trees1 & "h & !re on ! hill sides !re 0 a clump ( wood4 ,! :ole sc5e1 9 spite ( its gre5 col\r1 _h r a desolate aspect4 ,! sight ( s mu* f]n impresses ! m9d ) an idea ( /]ility3 ?is1 h[ev]1 is n correct2 = :]ev] ! f]n gr[s ?ick & brea/-high1 ! l& by tillage becomes productive4 ,"s ( ! resid5ts ?9k t all ?is ext5sive op5 c\ntry orig9ally 0 cov]$ ) =e/s1 & t x has be5 cle>$ by fire4 ,x is said1 t by digg+ 9 ! b>e/ spots1 lumps ( ! k9d ( res9 :i* fl[s f ! kauri p9e are frequ5tly f\nd4 ,! natives _h an evid5t motive 9 cle>+ ! c\ntry2 = ! f]n1 =m]ly a /aple article ( food1 fl\ri%es only 9 ! op5 cle>$ tracks4 ,! almo/ entire abs5ce ( associat$ grasses1 :i* =ms s rem>kable a feature 9 ! vegetation ( ?is isl&1 may p]haps be acc\nt$ = by ! l& hav+ be5 aborig9ally cov]$ ) =e/-trees4 ,! soil is volcanic2 9 sev]al p>ts we pass$ ov] %aggy lavas1 & crat]s c\ld cle>ly be di/+ui%$ on sev]al ( ! neighb\r+ hills4 ,al?\gh ! sc5]y is n[h]e beautiful1 & only occasionally pretty1 ,i enjoy$ my walk4 ,i %\ld h enjoy$ x m1 if my companion1 ! *ief1 _h n possess$ extraord9>y conv]sational p[]s4 ,i knew only ?ree words3 good1 bad1 & yes3 & ) ^! ,i answ]$ all 8 rem>ks1 )\t ( c\rse hav+ und]/ood "o ^w he said4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 0 q suffici5t3 ,i 0 a good li/5]1 an agreeable p]son1 & he nev] ceas$ talk+ to me4 ,at l5g? we rea*$ ,waimate4 ,aft] hav+ pass$ ov] s _m miles ( an un9habit$ useless c\ntry1 ! sudd5 appe>ance ( an ,engli% f>m-h\se1 & its well-dress$ fields1 plac$ !re z if by an en*ant]'s w&1 0 exce$+ly pleasant4 ,mr4 ,williams n be+ at home1 ,i receiv$ 9 ,mr4 ,davies's h\se a cordial welcome4 ,aft] dr9k+ tea ) 8 family p>ty1 we took a /roll ab\t ! f>m4 ,at ,waimate !re are ?ree l>ge h\ses1 :]e ! mission>y g5tlem51 ,messrs4 ,williams1 ,davies1 & ,cl>ke1 reside2 & ne> !m are ! huts ( ! native lab\r]s4 ,on an adjo9+ slope1 f9e crops ( b>ley & :eat 7 /&+ 9 full e>2 & 9 ano!r "p1 fields ( potatoes & clov]4 ,b ,i _c attempt to describe all ,i saw2 !re 7 l>ge g>d5s1 ) e fruit & vegetable :i* ,engl& produces2 & _m belong+ to a w>m] clime4 ,i may in/ance asp>agus1 kidney beans1 cucumb]s1 rhub>b1 apples1 pe>s1 figs1 pea*es1 apricots1 grapes1 olives1 gooseb]ries1 currants1 hops1 gorse = f5ces1 & ,engli% oaks2 also _m k9ds ( fl[]s4 ,ar\nd ! f>m-y>d !re 7 /ables1 a ?ra%+-b>n ) its w9n[+ ma*9e1 a blacksmi?'s =ge1 & on ! gr\nd pl\gh%>es & o!r tools3 9 ! middle 0 t happy mixture ( pigs & p\ltry1 ly+ com=tably toge!r1 z 9 e ,engli% f>m-y>d4 ,at ! di/ance ( a few hundr$ y>ds1 :]e ! wat] ( a little rill _h be5 damm$ up into a pool1 !re 0 a l>ge & sub/antial wat]-mill4 ,all ?is is v surpris+1 :5 x is consid]$ t five ye>s ago no?+ b ! f]n fl\ri%$ "h4 ,moreov]1 native workman%ip1 taught by ! mission>ies1 has effect$ ?is *ange2--! lesson ( ! mission>y is ! en*ant]'s w&4 ,! h\se _h be5 built1 ! w9d[s fram$1 ! fields pl\gh$1 & ev5 ! trees graft$1 by a ,new ,zeal&]4 ,at ! mill1 a ,new ,zeal&] 0 se5 p[d]$ :ite ) fl[]1 l 8 bro!r mill] 9 ,engl&4 ,:5 ,i look$ at ?is :ole sc5e1 ,i ?\ght x admirable4 ,x 0 n m]ely t ,engl& 0 br\ght vividly be=e my m9d2 yet1 z ! ev5+ drew to a close1 ! dome/ic s\nds1 ! fields ( corn1 ! di/ant undulat+ c\ntry ) its trees might well h be5 mi/ak5 = our fa!rl&3 nor 0 x ! triumphant feel+ at see+ :at ,engli%m5 c\ld effect2 b r ! high hopes ?us inspir$ = ! future progress ( ?is f9e isl&4 ,sev]al "y m51 r$eem$ by ! mission>ies f slav]y1 7 employ$ on ! f>m4 ,!y 7 dress$ 9 a %irt1 jacket1 & tr\s]s1 & _h a respectable appe>ance4 ,judg+ f "o trifl+ anecdote1 ,i %\ld ?9k !y mu/ be hone/4 ,:5 walk+ 9 ! fields1 a "y lab\r] came up to ,mr4 ,davies1 & gave him a knife & gimlet1 say+ t he _h f\nd !m on ! road1 & did n "k to :om !y belong$6 ,^! "y m5 & boys appe>$ v m]ry & good-hum\r$4 ,9 ! ev5+ ,i saw a p>ty ( !m at cricket3 :5 ,i ?\ght ( ! au/]ity ( :i* ! mission>ies h be5 accus$1 ,i 0 amus$ by obs]v+ "o ( _! own sons tak+ an active "p 9 ! game4 ,a m decid$ & pleas+ *ange 0 manife/$ 9 ! "y wom51 :o act$ z s]vants )9 ! h\ses4 ,_! clean1 tidy1 & heal?y appe>ance1 l t ( ! dairy-maids 9 ,engl&1 =m$ a wond]ful contra/ ) ! wom5 ( ! fil?y hovels 9 ,kororadika4 ,! wives ( ! mission>ies tri$ to p]suade !m n to be tattoo$2 b a fam\s op]ator hav+ arriv$ f ! s\?1 !y said1 ,we really mu/ j h a few l9es on our lips2 else :5 we gr[ old1 our lips w %rivel1 & we %all be s v ugly4 ,!re is n ne>ly s mu* tattoo+ z =m]ly2 b z x is a badge ( di/9ction betwe5 ! *ief & ! slave1 x w probably long be practis$4 ,s soon does any tra9 ( ideas become habitual1 t ! mission>ies told me t ev5 9 _! eyes a pla9 face look$ mean1 & n l t ( a ,new ,zeal& g5tleman4 ,late 9 ! ev5+ ,i w5t to ,mr4 ,williams's h\se1 :]e ,i pass$ ! night4 ,i f\nd !re a l>ge p>ty ( *ildr51 collect$ toge!r = ,*ri/mas ,day1 & all sitt+ r\nd a table at tea4 ,i nev] saw a nic] or m m]ry gr\p2 & to ?9k t ?is 0 9 ! c5tre ( ! l& ( cannibalism1 murd]1 & all atroci\s crimes6 ,! cordiality & happ9ess s pla9ly pictur$ 9 ! faces ( ! little circle1 appe>$ equally felt by ! old] p]sons ( ! mission4 ,decemb] #bd?4--,9 ! morn+1 pray]s 7 read 9 ! native tongue to ! :ole family4 ,aft] breakfa/ ,i rambl$ ab\t ! g>d5s & f>m4 ,?is 0 a m>ket-day1 :5 ! natives ( ! surr\nd+ hamlets br+ _! potatoes1 ,indian corn1 or pigs1 to ex*ange = blankets1 tobacco1 & sometimes1 ?r\gh ! p]suasions ( ! mission>ies1 = soap4 ,mr4 ,davies's elde/ son1 :o manages a f>m ( 8 own1 is ! man ( bus9ess 9 ! m>ket4 ,! *ildr5 ( ! mission>ies1 :o came :ile "y to ! isl&1 und]/& ! language bett] ?an _! p>5ts1 & c get any?+ m readily done by ! natives4 ,a little be=e noon ,messrs4 ,williams & ,davies walk$ ) me to a "p ( a neighb\r+ =e/1 to %[ me ! fam\s kauri p9e4 ,i measur$ "o ( ! noble trees1 & f\nd x ?irty-"o feet 9 circumf]5ce above ! roots4 ,!re 0 ano!r close by1 :i* ,i did n see1 ?irty-?ree feet2 & ,i he>d ( "o no less ?an =ty feet4 ,^! trees are rem>kable = _! smoo? cyl9drical boles1 :i* run up to a height ( sixty1 & ev5 n9ety feet1 ) a ne>ly equal diamet]1 & )\t a s+le bran*4 ,! cr[n ( bran*es at ! summit is out ( all proportion small to ! trunk2 & ! leaves are likewise small comp>$ ) ! bran*es4 ,! =e/ 0 "h almo/ compos$ ( ! kauri2 & ! l>ge/ trees1 f ! p>allelism ( _! sides1 /ood up l gigantic columns ( wood4 ,! timb] ( ! kauri is ! mo/ valuable production ( ! isl&2 moreov]1 a quantity ( res9 oozes f ! b>k1 :i* is sold at a p5ny a p\nd to ! ,am]icans1 b its use 0 !n unkn[n4 ,"s ( ! ,new ,zeal& =e/ mu/ be imp5etrable to an extraord9>y degree4 ,mr4 ,mat!ws in=m$ me t "o =e/ only ?irty-f\r miles 9 wid?1 & sep>at+ two inhabit$ di/ricts1 _h only lately1 = ! fir/ "t1 be5 cross$4 ,he & ano!r mission>y1 ea* ) a p>ty ( ab\t fifty m51 und]took to op5 a road1 b x co/ m ?an a =tnight's lab\r6 ,9 ! woods ,i saw v few birds4 ,) reg>d to animals1 x is a mo/ rem>kable fact1 t s l>ge an isl&1 ext5d+ ov] m ?an #gjj miles 9 latitude1 & 9 _m p>ts n9ety broad1 ) v>i$ /ations1 a f9e climate1 & l& ( all heights1 f #ad1jjj feet d[nw>ds1 ) ! exception ( a small rat1 did n possess "o indig5\s animal4 ,! sev]al species ( t gigantic g5us ( birds1 ! ,de9ornis seem "h to h replac$ mammif]\s quadrup$s1 9 ! same mann] z ! reptiles /ill d at ! ,galapagos ar*ipelago4 ,x is said t ! common ,norway rat1 9 ! %ort space ( two ye>s1 annihilat$ 9 ?is nor!rn end ( ! isl&1 ! ,new ,zeal& species4 ,9 _m places ,i notic$ sev]al sorts ( we$s1 :i*1 l ! rats1 ,i 0 =c$ to own z c\ntrym54 ,a leek has ov]run :ole di/ricts1 & w prove v tr\blesome1 b x 0 import$ z a fav\r by a ,fr5* vessel4 ,! common dock is also widely dissem9at$1 & w1 ,i fe>1 = ev] rema9 a pro( ( ! rascality ( an ,engli%man1 :o sold ! se$s = ^? ( ! tobacco plant4 ,on return+ f our pleasant walk to ! h\se1 ,i d9$ ) ,mr4 ,williams2 & !n1 a horse be+ l5t me1 ,i return$ to ! ,bay ( ,isl&s4 ,i took leave ( ! mission>ies ) ?ankfulness = _! k9d welcome1 & ) feel+s ( high respect = _! g5tlemanlike1 useful1 & upright *>act]s4 ,i ?9k x w\ld be difficult to f9d a body ( m5 bett] adapt$ = ! high (fice :i* !y fulfil4 ,*ri/mas ,day4--,9 a few m days ! f\r? ye> ( our abs5ce f ,engl& w be complet$4 ,our fir/ ,*ri/mas ,day 0 sp5t at ,plym\?1 ! second at ,/4 ,m>t9's ,cove1 ne> ,cape ,horn2 ! ?ird at ,port ,desire1 9 ,patagonia2 ! f\r? at an*or 9 a wild h>b\r 9 ! p59sula ( ,tres ,montes1 ?is fif? "h1 & ! next1 ,i tru/ 9 ,provid5ce1 w be 9 ,engl&4 ,we att5d$ div9e s]vice 9 ! *apel ( ,pahia2 "p ( ! s]vice be+ read 9 ,engli%1 & "p 9 ! native language4 ,:il/ at ,new ,zeal& we did n he> ( any rec5t acts ( cannibalism2 b ,mr4 ,/okes f\nd burnt human bones /rew$ r\nd a fire-place on a small isl& ne> ! an*orage2 b ^! rema9s ( a com=table banquet might h be5 ly+ !re = sev]al ye>s4 ,x is probable t ! moral /ate ( ! p w rapidly improve4 ,mr4 ,bu%by m5tion$ "o pleas+ anecdote z a pro( ( ! s9c]ity ( "s1 at lea/1 ( ^? :o pr(ess ,*ri/ianity4 ,"o ( 8 "y m5 left him1 :o _h be5 accu/om$ to read pray]s to ! re/ ( ! s]vants4 ,"s weeks aft]w>ds1 happ5+ to pass late 9 ! ev5+ by an ou?\se1 he saw & he>d "o ( 8 m5 read+ ! ,bible ) difficulty by ! light ( ! fire1 to ! o!rs4 ,aft] ?is ! p>ty knelt & pray$3 9 _! pray]s !y m5tion$ ,mr4 ,bu%by & 8 family1 & ! mission>ies1 ea* sep>ately 9 8 respective di/rict4 ,decemb] #bf?4--,mr4 ,bu%by (f]$ to take ,mr4 ,sulivan & myself 9 8 boat "s miles up ! riv] to ,cawa-,cawa1 & propos$ aft]w>ds to walk on to ! village ( ,waiomio1 :]e !re are "s curi\s rocks4 ,foll[+ "o ( ! arms ( ! bay1 we enjoy$ a pleasant r[1 & pass$ ?r\gh pretty sc5]y1 until we came to a village1 beyond :i* ! boat c\ld n pass4 ,f ?is place a *ief & a p>ty ( m5 volunte]$ to walk ) u to ,waiomio1 a di/ance ( f\r miles4 ,! *ief 0 at ?is "t r notori\s f hav+ lately hung "o ( 8 wives & a slave = adult]y4 ,:5 "o ( ! mission>ies remon/rat$ ) him he seem$ surpris$1 & said he ?\ght he 0 exactly foll[+ ! ,engli% me?od4 ,old ,%ongi1 :o happ5$ to be 9 ,engl& dur+ ! ,que5's trial1 express$ great disapprobation at ! :ole proce$+3 he said he _h five wives1 & he w\ld r cut (f all _! heads ?an be s mu* tr\bl$ ab\t "o4 ,leav+ ?is village1 we cross$ ov] to ano!r1 seat$ on a hill-side at a little di/ance4 ,! daught] ( a *ief1 :o 0 /ill a hea!n1 _h di$ !re five days be=e4 ,! hovel 9 :i* %e _h expir$ _h be5 burnt to ! gr\nd3 h] body be+ enclos$ betwe5 two small canoes1 0 plac$ upright on ! gr\nd1 & protect$ by an enclosure be>+ wood5 images ( _! gods1 & ! :ole 0 pa9t$ bright r$1 s z to be conspicu\s f af>4 ,h] g[n 0 fa/5$ to ! c(f91 & h] hair be+ cut (f 0 ca/ at its foot4 ,! relatives ( ! family _h torn ! fle% ( _! arms1 bodies1 & faces1 s t !y 7 cov]$ ) clott$ blood2 & ! old wom5 look$ mo/ fil?y1 disgu/+ objects4 ,on ! foll[+ day "s ( ! (fic]s visit$ ?is place1 & f\nd ! wom5 /ill h[l+ & cutt+ !mselves4 ,we cont9u$ our walk1 & soon rea*$ ,waiomio4 ,"h !re are "s s+ul> masses ( lime/one1 resembl+ ru9$ ca/les4 ,^! rocks h long s]v$ = burial places1 & 9 consequ5ce are held too sacr$ to be approa*$4 ,"o ( ! "y m51 h[ev]1 cri$ out1 ,let u all be brave1 & ran on ahead2 b :5 )9 a hundr$ y>ds1 ! :ole p>ty ?\ght bett] ( x1 & /opp$ %ort4 ,) p]fect indiff]5ce1 h[ev]1 !y all[$ u to exam9e ! :ole place4 ,at ?is village we re/$ "s h\rs1 dur+ :i* "t !re 0 a long discussion ) ,mr4 ,bu%by1 conc]n+ ! "r ( sale ( c]ta9 l&s4 ,"o old man1 :o appe>$ a p]fect g5ealogi/1 illu/rat$ ! successive possessors by bits ( /ick driv5 into ! gr\nd4 ,be=e leav+ ! h\ses a little basketful ( roa/$ sweet potatoes 0 giv5 to ea* ( our p>ty2 & we all1 accord+ to ! cu/om1 c>ri$ !m away to eat on ! road4 ,i notic$ t among ! wom5 employ$ 9 cook+1 !re 0 a man-slave3 x mu/ be a humiliat+ ?+ = a man 9 ?is w>like c\ntry to be employ$ 9 do+ t :i* is consid]$ z ! l[e/ woman's "w4 ,slaves are n all[$ to g to w>2 b ?is p]haps c h>dly be consid]$ z a h>d%ip4 ,i he>d ( "o poor wret* :o1 dur+ ho/ilities1 ran away to ! opposite p>ty2 be+ met by two m51 he 0 imm$iately seiz$2 b z !y c\ld n agree to :om he %\ld belong1 ea* /ood ov] him ) a /one hat*et1 & seem$ det]m9$ t ! o!r at lea/ %\ld n take him away alive4 ,! poor man1 almo/ dead ) fright1 0 only sav$ by ! address ( a *ief's wife4 ,we aft]w>ds enjoy$ a pleasant walk back to ! boat1 b did n rea* ! %ip till late 9 ! ev5+4 ,decemb] #cj?4--,9 ! aft]noon we /ood out ( ! ,bay ( ,isl&s1 on our c\rse to ,sydney4 ,i believe we 7 all glad to leave ,new ,zeal&4 ,x is n a pleasant place4 ,among/ ! natives !re is abs5t t *>m+ simplicity :i* is f\nd 9 ,tahiti2 & ! great] "p ( ! ,engli% are ! v refuse ( society4 ,nei!r is ! c\ntry itself attractive4 ,i look back b to "o bright spot1 & t is ,waimate1 ) its ,*ri/ian inhabitants4 ,,*apt] ,,xix ,,au/ralia ,sydney--,excursion to ,ba?ur/--,aspect ( ! ,woods--,p>ty ( ,natives--,gradual ,ext9ction ( ! ,aborig9es--,infection g5]at$ by associat$ ,m5 9 heal?--,blue ,m\nta9s--,view ( ! gr& gulf-l ,valleys--,_! orig9 & =mation--,ba?ur/1 g5]al civility ( ! ,l[] ,ord]s--,/ate ( ,society--,van ,diem5's ,l&--,hob>t ,t[n--,aborig9es all bani%$--,m\nt ,well+ton--,k+ ,george's ,s\nd--,*e]less ,aspect ( ! ,c\ntry--,bald ,head1 calc>e\s ca/s ( bran*es ( ,trees--,p>ty ( ,natives--,leave ,au/ralia4 ,,janu>y #ab?1 #ahcf4--;,e>ly 9 ! morn+ a light air c>ri$ u t[>ds ! entrance ( ,port ,jackson4 ,in/ead ( behold+ a v]dant c\ntry1 int]sp]s$ ) f9e h\ses1 a /raight l9e ( yell[i% cliff br\ght to our m9ds ! coa/ ( ,patagonia4 ,a solit>y ligh?\se1 built ( :ite /one1 alone told u t we 7 ne> a great & popul\s city4 ,hav+ ent]$ ! h>b\r1 x appe>s f9e & spaci\s1 ) cliff-=m$ %ores ( horizontally /ratifi$ s&/one4 ,! ne>ly level c\ntry is cov]$ ) ?9 scrubby trees1 bespeak+ ! curse ( /]ility4 ,proce$+ fur!r inl&1 ! c\ntry improves3 beautiful villas & nice cottages are "h & !re scatt]$ along ! bea*4 ,9 ! di/ance /one h\ses1 two & ?ree /ories high1 & w9dmills /&+ on ! edge ( a bank1 po9t$ out to u ! neighb\rhood ( ! capital ( ,au/ralia4 ,at la/ we an*or$ )9 ,sydney ,cove4 ,we f\nd ! little bas9 occupi$ by _m l>ge %ips1 & surr\nd$ by w>eh\ses4 ,9 ! ev5+ ,i walk$ ?r\gh ! t[n1 & return$ full ( admiration at ! :ole sc5e4 ,x is a mo/ magnific5t te/imony to ! p[] ( ! ,briti% nation4 ,"h1 9 a less promis+ c\ntry1 scores ( ye>s h done _m m times m ?an an equal numb] ( c5turies h effect$ 9 ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,my fir/ feel+ 0 to congratulate myself t ,i 0 born an ,engli%man4 ,^u see+ m ( ! t[n aft]w>ds1 p]haps my admiration fell a little2 b yet x is a f9e t[n4 ,! /reets are regul>1 broad1 clean1 & kept 9 excell5t ord]2 ! h\ses are ( a good size1 & ! %ops well furni%$4 ,x may be fai?fully comp>$ to ! l>ge suburbs :i* /ret* out f ,london & a few o!r great t[ns 9 ,engl&2 b n ev5 ne> ,london or ,birm+ham is !re an appe>ance ( su* rapid gr[?4 ,! numb] ( l>ge h\ses & o!r build+s j f9i%$ 0 truly surpris+2 nev]!less1 e "o compla9$ ( ! high r5ts & difficulty 9 procur+ a h\se4 ,com+ f ,s\? ,am]ica1 :]e 9 ! t[ns e man ( prop]ty is kn[n1 no "o ?+ surpris$ me m ?an n be+ able to asc]ta9 at once to :om ?is or t c>riage belong$4 ,i hir$ a man & two horses to take me to ,ba?ur/1 a village ab\t "o hundr$ & tw5ty miles 9 ! int]ior1 & ! c5tre ( a great pa/oral di/rict4 ,by ?is means ,i hop$ to ga9 a g5]al idea ( ! appe>ance ( ! c\ntry4 ,on ! morn+ ( ! #af? 7,janu>y7 ,i set out on my excursion4 ,! fir/ /age took u to ,p>amatta1 a small c\ntry t[n1 next to ,sydney 9 importance4 ,! roads 7 excell5t1 & made ^u ! ,mac,adam pr9ciple1 :9/one hav+ be5 br\ght = ! purpose f ! di/ance ( sev]al miles4 ,9 all respects !re 0 a close resemblance to ,engl&3 p]haps ! aleh\ses "h 7 m num]\s4 ,! iron gangs1 or p>ties ( convicts :o h committ$ "h "s (f5se1 appe>$ ! lea/ l ,engl&3 !y 7 work+ 9 *a9s1 "u ! *>ge ( s5tries ) load$ arms4 ,! p[] :i* ! gov]nm5t possesses1 by means ( =c$ lab\r1 ( at once op5+ good roads ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry1 has be51 ,i believe1 "o ma9 cause ( ! e>ly prosp]ity ( ?is colony4 ,i slept at night at a v com=table inn at ,emu f]ry1 ?irty-five miles f ,sydney1 & ne> ! asc5t ( ! ,blue ,m\nta9s4 ,?is l9e ( road is ! mo/ frequ5t$1 & has be5 ! longe/ inhabit$ ( any 9 ! colony4 ,! :ole l& is enclos$ ) high rail+s1 = ! f>m]s h n succe$$ 9 re>+ h$ges4 ,!re are _m sub/antial h\ses & good cottages scatt]$ ab\t2 b al?\gh consid]able pieces ( l& are "u cultivation1 ! great] "p yet rema9s z :5 fir/ discov]$4 ,! extreme uni=mity ( ! vegetation is ! mo/ rem>kable feature 9 ! l&scape ( ! great] "p ( ,new ,s\? ,wales4 ,ev]y:]e we h an op5 woodl&1 ! gr\nd be+ p>tially cov]$ ) a v ?9 pa/ure1 ) little appe>ance ( v]dure4 ,! trees ne>ly all belong to "o family1 & mo/ly h _! leaves plac$ 9 a v]tical1 in/ead ( z 9 ,europe1 9 a ne>ly horizontal position3 ! foliage is scanty1 & ( a peculi> pale gre5 t9t1 )\t any gloss4 ,h5ce ! woods appe> light & %ad[less3 ?is1 al?\gh a loss ( com=t to ! travell] "u ! scor*+ rays ( summ]1 is ( importance to ! f>m]1 z x all[s grass to gr[ :]e x o!rwise w\ld n4 ,! leaves are n %$ p]iodically3 ?is "* appe>s common to ! entire s\!rn hemisph]e1 namely1 ,s\? ,am]ica1 ,au/ralia1 & ! ,cape ( ,good ,hope4 ,! inhabitants ( ?is hemisph]e1 & ( ! int]tropical regions1 ?us lose p]haps "o ( ! mo/ glori\s1 ?\gh to our eyes common1 spectacles 9 ! _w--! fir/ bur/+ into full foliage ( ! leafless tree4 ,!y may1 h[ev]1 say t we pay de>ly = ?is by hav+ ! l& cov]$ ) m]e nak$ skeletons = s _m mon?s4 ,?is is too true b our s5ses ?us acquire a ke5 reli% = ! exquisite gre5 ( ! spr+1 :i* ! eyes ( ^? liv+ )9 ! tropics1 sat$ dur+ ! long ye> ) ! gorge\s productions ( ^? gl[+ climates1 c nev] exp]i5ce4 ,! great] numb] ( ! trees1 ) ! exception ( "s ( ! ,blue-gums1 d n atta9 a l>ge size2 b !y gr[ tall & tol]ably /raight1 & /& well ap>t4 ,! b>k ( "s ( ! ,eucalypti falls annually1 or hangs dead 9 long %r$s :i* sw+ ab\t ) ! w9d1 & give to ! woods a desolate & untidy appe>ance4 ,i _c imag9e a m complete contra/1 9 e respect1 ?an betwe5 ! =e/s ( ,valdivia or ,*iloe1 & ! woods ( ,au/ralia4 ,at sunset1 a p>ty ( a score ( ! black aborig9es pass$ by1 ea* c>ry+1 9 _! accu/om$ mann]1 a bundle ( spe>s & o!r weapons4 ,by giv+ a lead+ "y man a %ill+1 !y 7 easily deta9$1 & ?rew _! spe>s = my amusem5t4 ,!y 7 all p>tly clo!d1 & sev]al c\ld speak a little ,engli%3 _! c\nt5ances 7 good-hum\r$ & pleasant1 & !y appe>$ f> f be+ su* utt]ly degrad$ be+s z !y h usually be5 repres5t$4 ,9 _! own arts !y are admirable4 ,a cap be+ fix$ at ?irty y>ds di/ance1 !y transfix$ x ) a spe>1 deliv]$ by ! ?r[+-/ick ) ! rapidity ( an arr[ f ! b[ ( a practis$ ar*]4 ,9 track+ animals or m5 !y %[ mo/ wond]ful sagacity2 & ,i he>d ( sev]al ( _! rem>ks :i* manife/$ consid]able acut5ess4 ,!y w n1 h[ev]1 cultivate ! gr\nd1 or build h\ses & rema9 /ation>y1 or ev5 take ! tr\ble ( t5d+ a flock ( %eep :5 giv5 to !m4 ,on ! :ole !y appe> to me to /& "s few degrees high] 9 ! scale ( civilization ?an ! ,fuegians4 ,x is v curi\s ?us to see 9 ! mid/ ( a civiliz$ p1 a set ( h>mless savages w&]+ ab\t )\t kn[+ :]e !y %all sleep at night1 & ga9+ _! livelihood by hunt+ 9 ! woods4 ,z ! :ite man has travell$ onw>ds1 he has spread ov] ! c\ntry belong+ to sev]al tribes4 ,^!1 al?\gh ?us enclos$ by "o common p1 keep up _! anci5t di/9ctions1 & sometimes g to w> ) ea* o!r4 ,9 an engagem5t :i* took place lately1 ! two p>ties mo/ s+ul>ly *ose ! c5tre ( ! village ( ,ba?ur/ = ! field ( battle4 ,?is 0 ( s]vice to ! defeat$ side1 = ! runaway w>riors took refuge 9 ! b>racks4 ,! numb] ( aborig9es is rapidly decreas+4 ,9 my :ole ride1 ) ! exception ( "s boys br\ght up by ,engli%m51 ,i saw only "o o!r p>ty4 ,?is decrease1 no d\bt1 mu/ be p>tly ow+ to ! introduction ( spirits1 to ,european diseases 7ev5 ! mild] ones ( :i*1 su* z ! measles1 #a prove v de/ructive71 & to ! gradual ext9ction ( ! wild animals4 ,x is said t numb]s ( _! *ildr5 inv>iably p]i% 9 v e>ly infancy f ! effects ( _! w&]+ life2 & z ! difficulty ( procur+ food increases1 s mu/ _! w&]+ habits increase2 & h5ce ! population1 )\t any app>5t dea?s f fam9e1 is repress$ 9 a mann] extremely sudd5 comp>$ to :at happ5s 9 civiliz$ c\ntries1 :]e ! fa!r1 ?\gh 9 add+ to 8 lab\r he may injure himself1 does n de/roy 8 (fspr+4 ,besides ! sev]al evid5t causes ( de/ruction1 !re appe>s to be "s m my/]i\s ag5cy g5]ally at "w4 ,:]ev] ! ,european has trod1 dea? seems to pursue ! aborig9al4 ,we may look to ! wide ext5t ( ! ,am]icas1 ,polynesia1 ! ,cape ( ,good ,hope1 & ,au/ralia1 & we f9d ! same result4 ,nor is x ! :ite man alone t ?us acts ! de/roy]2 ! ,polynesian ( ,malay extraction has 9 p>ts ( ! ,ea/ ,indian ar*ipelago1 ?us driv5 be=e him ! d>k-col\r$ native4 ,! v>ieties ( man seem to act on ea* o!r 9 ! same way z diff]5t species ( animals--! /rong] always extirpat+ ! weak]4 ,x 0 melan*oly at ,new ,zeal& to he> ! f9e en]getic natives say+ t !y knew ! l& 0 doom$ to pass f _! *ildr54 ,e "o has he>d ( ! inexplicable r$uction ( ! population 9 ! beautiful & heal?y isl& ( ,tahiti s9ce ! date ( ,capta9 ,cook's voyages3 al?\gh 9 t case we might h expect$ t x w\ld h be5 increas$2 = infanticide1 :i* =m]ly prevail$ to s extraord9>y a degree1 has ceas$2 pr(ligacy has greatly dim9i%$1 & ! murd]\s w>s become less frequ5t4 ,! ,rev4 ,j4 ,williams1 9 8 int]e/+ "w1 #b says1 t ! fir/ int]c\rse betwe5 natives & ,europeans1 is inv>iably att5d$ ) ! introduction ( fev]1 dys5t]y1 or "s o!r disease1 :i* c>ries (f numb]s ( ! p4 ,aga9 he affirms1 ,x is c]ta9ly a fact1 :i* _c be controv]t$1 t mo/ ( ! diseases :i* h rag$ 9 ! isl&s dur+ my resid5ce !re1 h be5 introduc$ by %ips2 #c & :at r5d]s ?is fact rem>kable is1 t !re might be no appe>ance ( disease among ! crew ( ! %ip :i* convey$ ?is de/ructive importation4 ,?is /atem5t is n q s extraord9>y z x at fir/ appe>s2 = sev]al cases are on record ( ! mo/ malignant fev]s hav+ brok5 out1 al?\gh ! p>ties !mselves1 :o 7 ! cause1 7 n affect$4 ,9 ! e>ly "p ( ! reign ( ,george ,,iii41 a prison] :o _h be5 conf9$ 9 a dungeon1 0 tak5 9 a coa* ) f\r con/ables be=e a magi/rate2 & al?\gh ! man himself 0 n ill1 ! f\r con/ables di$ f a %ort putrid fev]2 b ! contagion ext5d$ to no o!rs4 ,f ^! facts x w\ld almo/ appe> z if ! effluvium ( "o set ( m5 %ut up = "s "t toge!r 0 poison\s :5 inhal$ by o!rs2 & possibly m s1 if ! m5 be ( diff]5t races4 ,my/]i\s z ?is circum/ance appe>s to be1 x is n m surpris+ ?an t ! body ( "o's fell[-creature1 directly aft] dea?1 & be=e putrefaction has comm5c$1 %\ld (t5 be ( s delet]i\s a quality1 t ! m]e puncture f an in/rum5t us$ 9 its dissection1 %\ld prove fatal4 #ag?4--,e>ly 9 ! morn+ we pass$ ! ,nepean 9 a f]ry-boat4 ,! riv]1 al?\gh at ?is spot bo? broad & deep1 _h a v small body ( runn+ wat]4 ,hav+ cross$ a l[ piece ( l& on ! opposite side1 we rea*$ ! slope ( ! ,blue ,m\nta9s4 ,! asc5t is n /eep1 ! road hav+ be5 cut ) mu* c>e on ! side ( a s&/one cliff4 ,on ! summit an almo/ level pla9 ext5ds1 :i*1 ris+ imp]ceptibly to ! we/w>d1 at la/ atta9s a height ( m ?an #cjjj feet4 ,f s gr& a title z ,blue ,m\nta9s1 & f _! absolute altitude1 ,i expect$ to h se5 a bold *a9 ( m\nta9s cross+ ! c\ntry2 b in/ead ( ?is1 a slop+ pla9 pres5ts m]ely an inconsid]able front to ! l[ l& ne> ! coa/4 ,f ?is fir/ slope1 ! view ( ! ext5sive woodl& to ! ea/ 0 /rik+1 & ! surr\nd+ trees grew bold & l(ty4 ,b :5 once on ! s&/one plat=m1 ! sc5]y becomes exce$+ly monoton\s2 ea* side ( ! road is bord]$ by scrubby trees ( ! nev]-fail+ ,eucalyptus family2 & ) ! exception ( two or ?ree small inns1 !re are no h\ses or cultivat$ l&3 ! road1 moreov]1 is solit>y2 ! mo/ frequ5t object be+ a bullock-waggon1 pil$ up ) bales ( wool4 ,9 ! middle ( ! day we bait$ our horses at a little inn1 call$ ! ,wea!rbo>d4 ,! c\ntry "h is elevat$ #bhjj feet above ! sea4 ,ab\t a mile & a half f ?is place !re is a view exce$+ly well wor? visit+4 ,foll[+ d[n a little valley & its t9y rill ( wat]1 an imm5se gulf unexpect$ly op5s ?r\gh ! trees :i* bord] ! pa?way1 at ! dep? ( p]haps #aejj feet4 ,walk+ on a few y>ds1 "o /&s on ! br9k ( a va/ precipice1 & bel[ "o sees a gr& bay or gulf1 = ,i "k n :at o!r "n to give x1 ?ickly cov]$ ) =e/4 ,! po9t ( view is situat$ z if at ! head ( a bay1 ! l9e ( cliff div]g+ on ea* side1 & %[+ headl& beh9d headl&1 z on a bold sea-coa/4 ,^! cliffs are compos$ ( horizontal /rata ( :iti% s&/one2 & are s absolutely v]tical1 t 9 _m places a p]son /&+ on ! edge & ?r[+ d[n a /one1 c see x /rike ! trees 9 ! abyss bel[4 ,s unbrok5 is ! l9e ( cliff1 t 9 ord] to rea* ! foot ( ! wat]fall1 =m$ by ?is little /ream1 x is said to be necess>y to g sixte5 miles r\nd4 ,ab\t five miles di/ant 9 front1 ano!r l9e ( cliff ext5ds1 :i* ?us appe>s completely to encircle ! valley2 & h5ce ! "n ( bay is ju/ifi$1 z appli$ to ?is gr& amphi!atrical depression4 ,if we imag9e a w9d+ h>b\r1 ) its deep wat] surr\nd$ by bold cliff-l %ores1 to be laid dry1 & a =e/ to spr+ up on its s&y bottom1 we %\ld !n h ! appe>ance & /ructure "h exhibit$4 ,?is k9d ( view 0 to me q novel1 & extremely magnific5t4 ,9 ! ev5+ we rea*$ ! ,blackhea?4 ,! s&/one plateau has "h atta9$ ! height ( #cdjj feet2 & is cov]$1 z be=e1 ) ! same scrubby woods4 ,f ! road1 !re 7 occasional glimpses into a pr(\nd valley1 ( ! same "* z ! "o describ$2 b f ! /eepness & dep? ( its sides1 ! bottom 0 sc>cely ev] to be se54 ,! ,blackhea? is a v com=table inn1 kept by an old soldi]2 & x rem9d$ me ( ! small inns 9 ,nor? ,wales4 #ah?4--,v e>ly 9 ! morn+1 ,i walk$ ab\t ?ree miles to see ,govett's ,leap2 a view ( a simil> "* ) t ne> ! ,wea!rbo>d1 b p]haps ev5 m /up5d\s4 ,s e>ly 9 ! day ! gulf 0 fill$ ) a ?9 blue haze1 :i*1 al?\gh de/roy+ ! g5]al effect ( ! view add$ to ! app>5t dep? at :i* ! =e/ 0 /ret*$ out b5ea? our feet4 ,^! valleys1 :i* s long pres5t$ an insup]able b>ri] to ! attempts ( ! mo/ ent]pris+ ( ! coloni/s to rea* ! int]ior1 are mo/ rem>kable4 ,great arm-l bays1 exp&+ at _! upp] ends1 (t5 bran* f ! ma9 valleys & p5etrate ! s&/one plat=m2 on ! o!r h&1 ! plat=m (t5 s5ds promontories into ! valleys1 & ev5 leaves 9 !m great1 almo/ insulat$1 masses4 ,to desc5d into "s ( ^! valleys1 x is necess>y to g r\nd tw5ty miles2 & into o!rs1 ! surveyors h only lately p5etrat$1 & ! coloni/s h n yet be5 able to drive 9 _! cattle4 ,b ! mo/ rem>kable feature 9 _! /ructure is1 t al?\gh sev]al miles wide at _! heads1 !y g5]ally contract t[>ds _! m\?s to su* a degree z to become impassable4 ,! ,surveyor-,g5]al1 ,sir ,t4 ,mit*ell1 #d endeav\r$ 9 va91 fir/ walk+ & !n by crawl+ betwe5 ! great fall5 fragm5ts ( s&/one1 to asc5d ?r\gh ! gorge by :i* ! riv] ,grose jo9s ! ,nepean1 yet ! valley ( ! ,grose 9 its upp] "p1 z ,i saw1 =ms a magnific5t level bas9 "s miles 9 wid?1 & is on all sides surr\nd$ by cliffs1 ! summits ( :i* are believ$ to be n[h]e less ?an #cjjj feet above ! level ( ! sea4 ,:5 cattle are driv5 into ! valley ( ! ,wolgan by a pa? 7:i* ,i desc5d$71 p>tly natural & p>tly made by ! own] ( ! l&1 !y _c escape2 = ?is valley is 9 e o!r "p surr\nd$ by p]p5dicul> cliffs1 & eight miles l[] d[n1 x contracts f an av]age wid? ( half a mile1 to a m]e *asm1 impassable to man or bea/4 ,sir ,t4 ,mit*ell /ates t ! great valley ( ! ,cox riv] ) all its bran*es1 contracts1 :]e x unites ) ! ,nepean1 into a gorge #bbjj y>ds 9 wid?1 & ab\t #ajjj feet 9 dep?4 ,o!r simil> cases might h be5 add$4 ,! fir/ impression1 on see+ ! correspond5ce ( ! horizontal /rata on ea* side ( ^! valleys & great amphi!atrical depressions1 is t !y h be5 holl[$ out1 l o!r valleys1 by ! action ( wat]2 b :5 "o reflects on ! enorm\s am\nt ( /one1 :i* on ?is view mu/ h be5 remov$ ?r\gh m]e gorges or *asms1 "o is l$ to ask :e!r ^! spaces may n h subsid$4 ,b consid]+ ! =m ( ! irregul>ly bran*+ valleys1 & ( ! n>r[ promontories project+ into !m f ! plat=ms1 we are compell$ to ab&on ?is notion4 ,to attribute ^! holl[s to ! pres5t alluvial action w\ld be prepo/]\s2 nor does ! dra9age f ! summit-level always fall1 z ,i rem>k$ ne> ! ,wea!rbo>d1 into ! head ( ^! valleys1 b into "o side ( _! bay-l recesses4 ,"s ( ! inhabitants rem>k$ to me t !y nev] view$ "o ( ^? bay-l recesses1 ) ! headl&s rec$+ on bo? h&s1 )\t be+ /ruck ) _! resemblance to a bold sea-coa/4 ,?is is c]ta9ly ! case2 moreov]1 on ! pres5t coa/ ( ,new ,s\? ,wales1 ! num]\s1 f9e1 widely-bran*+ h>b\rs1 :i* are g5]ally connect$ ) ! sea by a n>r[ m\? worn ?r\gh ! s&/one coa/-cliffs1 v>y+ f "o mile 9 wid? to a qu>t] ( a mile1 pres5t a lik5ess1 ?\gh on a m9iature scale1 to ! great valleys ( ! int]ior4 ,b !n imm$iately occurs ! />tl+ difficulty1 :y has ! sea worn out ^! great1 ?\gh circumscrib$ depressions on a wide plat=m1 & left m]e gorges at ! op5+s1 ?r\gh :i* ! :ole va/ am\nt ( triturat$ matt] mu/ h be5 c>ri$ away8 ,! only light ,i c ?r[ ^u ?is enigma1 is by rem>k+ t banks ( ! mo/ irregul> =ms appe> to be n[ =m+ 9 "s seas1 z 9 p>ts ( ! ,we/ ,indies & 9 ! ,r$ ,sea1 & t _! sides are exce$+ly /eep4 ,su* banks1 ,i h be5 l$ to suppose1 h be5 =m$ by s$im5t heap$ by /rong curr5ts on an irregul> bottom4 ,t 9 "s cases ! sea1 in/ead ( spread+ out s$im5t 9 a uni=m %eet1 heaps x r\nd subm>9e rocks & isl&s1 x is h>dly possible to d\bt1 aft] exam9+ ! *>ts ( ! ,we/ ,indies2 & t ! waves h p[] to =m high & precipit\s cliffs1 ev5 9 l&-lock$ h>b\rs1 ,i h notic$ 9 _m p>ts ( ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,to apply ^! ideas to ! s&/one plat=ms ( ,new ,s\? ,wales1 ,i imag9e t ! /rata 7 heap$ by ! action ( /rong curr5ts1 & ( ! undulations ( an op5 sea1 on an irregul> bottom2 & t ! valley-l spaces ?us left unfill$ _h _! /eeply slop+ flanks worn into cliffs1 dur+ a sl[ elevation ( ! l&2 ! worn-d[n s&/one be+ remov$1 ei!r at ! "t :5 ! n>r[ gorges 7 cut by ! retreat+ sea1 or subsequ5tly by alluvial action4 ,soon aft] leav+ ! ,blackhea?1 we desc5d$ f ! s&/one plat=m by ! pass ( ,m\nt ,victoria4 ,to effect ?is pass1 an enorm\s quantity ( /one has be5 cut ?r\gh2 ! design1 & its mann] ( execution1 be+ wor?y ( any l9e ( road 9 ,engl&4 ,we n[ ent]$ ^u a c\ntry less elevat$ by ne>ly a ?\s& feet1 & consi/+ ( granite4 ,) ! *ange ( rock1 ! vegetation improv$1 ! trees 7 bo? f9] & /ood f>!r ap>t2 & ! pa/ure betwe5 !m 0 a little gre5] & m pl5tiful4 ,at ,hassan's ,walls1 ,i left ! high road1 & made a %ort det\r to a f>m call$ ,wal]awang2 to ! sup]9t5d5t ( :i* ,i _h a lett] ( introduction f ! own] 9 ,sydney4 ,mr4 ,br[ne _h ! k9dness to ask me to /ay ! ensu+ day1 :i* ,i _h mu* pleasure 9 do+4 ,?is place (f]s an example ( "o ( ! l>ge f>m+1 or r %eep-graz+ e/abli%m5ts ( ! colony4 ,cattle & horses are1 h[ev]1 9 ?is case r m num]\s ?an usual1 ow+ to "s ( ! valleys be+ swampy & produc+ a co>s] pa/ure4 ,two or ?ree flat pieces ( gr\nd ne> ! h\se 7 cle>$ & cultivat$ ) corn1 :i* ! h>ve/-m5 7 n[ reap+3 b no m :eat is s[n ?an suffici5t = ! annual support ( ! lab\r]s employ$ on ! e/abli%m5t4 ,! usual numb] ( assign$ convict-s]vants "h is ab\t =ty1 b at ! pres5t "t !re 7 r m4 ,al?\gh ! f>m 0 well /ock$ ) e necess>y1 !re 0 an app>5t abs5ce ( com=t2 & n "o s+le woman resid$ "h4 ,! sunset ( a f9e day w g5]ally ca/ an air ( happy cont5tm5t on any sc5e2 b "h1 at ?is retir$ f>m-h\se1 ! brighte/ t9ts on ! surr\nd+ woods c\ld n make me =get t =ty h>d5$1 pr(ligate m5 7 ceas+ f _! daily lab\rs1 l ! slaves f ,africa1 yet )\t _! holy claim = compassion4 ,e>ly on ! next morn+1 ,mr4 ,ar*]1 ! jo9t sup]9t5d5t1 _h ! k9dness to take me out kang>oo-hunt+4 ,we cont9u$ rid+ ! great] "p ( ! day1 b _h v bad sport1 n see+ a kang>oo1 or ev5 a wild dog4 ,! greyh\nds pursu$ a kang>oo rat into a holl[ tree1 out ( :i* we dragg$ x3 x is an animal z l>ge z a rabbit1 b ) ! figure ( a kang>oo4 ,a few ye>s s9ce ?is c\ntry ab\nd$ ) wild animals2 b n[ ! emu is bani%$ to a long di/ance1 & ! kang>oo is become sc>ce2 to bo? ! ,engli% greyh\nd has be5 highly de/ructive4 ,x may be long be=e ^! animals are altoge!r ext]m9at$1 b _! doom is fix$4 ,! aborig9es are always anxi\s to borr[ ! dogs f ! f>m-h\ses3 ! use ( !m1 ! (fal :5 an animal is kill$1 & "s milk f ! c[s1 are ! peace-(f]+s ( ! settl]s1 :o pu% f>!r & f>!r t[>ds ! int]ior4 ,! ?\ghtless aborig9al1 bl9d$ by ^! trifl+ advantages1 is delight$ at ! approa* ( ! :ite man1 :o seems pr$e/9$ to inh]it ! c\ntry ( 8 *ildr54 ,al?\gh hav+ poor sport1 we enjoy$ a pleasant ride4 ,! woodl& is g5]ally s op5 t a p]son on horseback c gallop ?r\gh x4 ,x is trav]s$ by a few flat-bottom$ valleys1 :i* are gre5 & free f trees3 9 su* spots ! sc5]y 0 pretty l t ( a p>k4 ,9 ! :ole c\ntry ,i sc>cely saw a place )\t ! m>ks ( a fire2 :e!r ^! _h be5 m or less rec5t--:e!r ! /umps 7 m or less black1 0 ! greate/ *ange :i* v>i$ ! uni=mity1 s we>isome to ! travell]'s eye4 ,9 ^! woods !re are n _m birds2 ,i saw1 h[ev]1 "s l>ge flocks ( ! :ite cockatoo fe$+ 9 a corn-field1 & a few mo/ beautiful p>rots2 cr[s1 l our jackdaws 7 n uncommon1 & ano!r bird some?+ l ! magpie4 ,9 ! dusk ( ! ev5+ ,i took a /roll along a *a9 ( ponds1 :i* 9 ?is dry c\ntry repres5t$ ! c\rse ( a riv]1 & _h ! good =tune to see sev]al ( ! fam\s ,orni?orhyn*us p>adoxus4 ,!y 7 div+ & play+ ab\t ! surface ( ! wat]1 b %[$ s little ( _! bodies1 t !y might easily h be5 mi/ak5 = wat]-rats4 ,mr4 ,br[ne %ot "o3 c]ta9ly x is a mo/ extraord9>y animal2 a /uff$ specim5 does n at all give a good idea ( ! appe>ance ( ! head & beak :5 fre%2 ! latt] becom+ h>d & contract$4 #e #bj?4--,a long day's ride to ,ba?ur/4 ,be=e jo9+ ! highroad we foll[$ a m]e pa? ?r\gh ! =e/2 & ! c\ntry1 ) ! exception ( a few squatt]s' huts1 0 v solit>y4 ,we exp]i5c$ ?is day ! sirocco-l w9d ( ,au/ralia1 :i* comes f ! p>*$ des]ts ( ! int]ior4 ,cl\ds ( du/ 7 travell+ 9 e direction2 & ! w9d felt z if x _h pass$ ov] a fire4 ,i aft]w>ds he>d t ! !rmomet] out ( doors _h /ood at #aai degs41 & 9 a clos$ room at #if degs4 ,9 ! aft]noon we came 9 view ( ! d[ns ( ,ba?ur/4 ,^! undulat+ b ne>ly smoo? pla9s are v rem>kable 9 ?is c\ntry1 f be+ absolutely de/itute ( trees4 ,!y support only a ?9 br[n pa/ure4 ,we rode "s miles ov] ?is c\ntry1 & !n rea*$ ! t[n%ip ( ,ba?ur/1 seat$ 9 ! middle ( :at may be call$ ei!r a v broad valley1 or n>r[ pla94 ,i 0 told at ,sydney n to =m too bad an op9ion ( ,au/ralia by judg+ ( ! c\ntry f ! roadside1 nor too good a "o f ,ba?ur/2 9 ?is latt] respect1 ,i did n feel myself 9 ! lea/ dang] ( be+ prejudic$4 ,! season1 x mu/ be own$1 _h be5 "o ( great dr\ght1 & ! c\ntry did n we> a fav\rable aspect2 al?\gh ,i und]/& x 0 incomp>ably worse two or ?ree mon?s be=e4 ,! secret ( ! rapidly gr[+ prosp]ity ( ,ba?ur/ is1 t ! br[n pa/ure :i* appe>s to ! /rang]'s eye s wret*$1 is excell5t = %eep-graz+4 ,! t[n /&s1 at ! height ( #bbjj feet above ! sea1 on ! banks ( ! ,macqu>ie4 ,?is is "o ( ! riv]s fl[+ into ! va/ & sc>cely kn[n int]ior4 ,! l9e ( wat]-%$1 :i* divides ! inl& /reams f ^? on ! coa/1 has a height ( ab\t #cjjj feet1 & runs 9 a nor? & s\? direction at ! di/ance ( f eighty to a hundr$ miles f ! sea-side4 ,! ,macqu>ie figures 9 ! map z a respectable riv]1 & x is ! l>ge/ ( ^? dra9+ ?is "p ( ! wat]-%$2 yet to my surprise ,i f\nd x a m]e *a9 ( ponds1 sep>at$ f ea* o!r by spaces almo/ dry4 ,g5]ally a small /ream is runn+2 & sometimes !re are high & impetu\s floods4 ,scanty z ! supply ( ! wat] is ?r\gh\t ?is di/rict1 x becomes /ill scanti] fur!r inl&4 #bbnd4--,i comm5c$ my return1 & foll[$ a new road call$ ,locky]'s ,l9e1 along :i* ! c\ntry is r m hilly & picturesque4 ,?is 0 a long day's ride2 & ! h\se :]e ,i wi%$ to sleep 0 "s way (f ! road1 & n easily f\nd4 ,i met on ?is occasion1 & inde$ on all o!rs1 a v g5]al & ready civility among ! l[] ord]s1 :i*1 :5 "o consid]s :at !y are1 & :at !y h be51 w\ld sc>cely h be5 expect$4 ,! f>m :]e ,i pass$ ! night1 0 own$ by two "y m5 :o _h only lately come out1 & 7 beg9n+ a settl]'s life4 ,! total want ( almo/ e com=t 0 n attractive2 b future & c]ta9 prosp]ity 0 be=e _! eyes1 & t n f> di/ant4 ,! next day we pass$ ?r\gh l>ge tracts ( c\ntry 9 flames1 volumes ( smoke sweep+ across ! road4 ,be=e noon we jo9$ our =m] road1 & asc5d$ ,m\nt ,victoria4 ,i slept at ! ,wea!rbo>d1 & be=e d>k took ano!r walk to ! amphi!atre4 ,on ! road to ,sydney ,i sp5t a v pleasant ev5+ ) ,capta9 ,k+ at ,dunhev$2 & ?us end$ my little excursion 9 ! colony ( ,new ,s\? ,wales4 ,be=e arriv+ "h ! ?ree ?+s :i* int]e/$ me mo/ 7--! /ate ( society among/ ! high] classes1 ! condition ( ! convicts1 & ! degree ( attraction suffici5t to induce p]sons to emigrate4 ,( c\rse1 aft] s v %ort a visit1 "o's op9ion is wor? sc>cely any?+2 b x is z difficult n to =m "s op9ion1 z x is to =m a correct judgm5t4 ,on ! :ole1 f :at ,i he>d1 m ?an f :at ,i saw1 ,i 0 disappo9t$ 9 ! /ate ( society4 ,! :ole community is rancor\sly divid$ into p>ties on almo/ e subject4 ,among ^? :o1 f _! /ation 9 life1 ought to be ! be/1 _m live 9 su* op5 pr(ligacy t respectable p _c associate ) !m4 ,!re is mu* jeal\sy betwe5 ! *ildr5 ( ! ri* emancipi/ & ! free settl]s1 ! =m] be+ pleas$ to consid] hone/ m5 z int]lop]s4 ,! :ole population1 poor & ri*1 are b5t on acquir+ weal?3 among/ ! high] ord]s1 wool & %eep-graz+ =m ! con/ant subject ( conv]sation4 ,!re are _m s]i\s drawbacks to ! com=ts ( a family1 ! *ief ( :i*1 p]haps1 is be+ surr\nd$ by convict s]vants4 ,h[ ?or\ghly odi\s to e feel+1 to be wait$ on by a man :o ! day be=e1 p]haps1 0 flogg$1 f y\r repres5tation1 = "s trifl+ misdemeanor4 ,! female s]vants are ( c\rse1 mu* worse3 h5ce *ildr5 le>n ! vile/ expressions1 & x is =tunate1 if n equally vile ideas4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! capital ( a p]son1 )\t any tr\ble on 8 "p1 produces him treble int]e/ to :at x w 9 ,engl&2 & ) c>e he is sure to gr[ ri*4 ,! luxuries ( life are 9 abundance1 & v little de>] ?an 9 ,engl&1 & mo/ articles ( food are *eap]4 ,! climate is spl5did1 & p]fectly heal?y2 b to my m9d its *>ms are lo/ by ! un9vit+ aspect ( ! c\ntry4 ,settl]s possess a great advantage 9 f9d+ _! sons ( s]vice :5 v "y4 ,at ! age ( f sixte5 to tw5ty1 !y frequ5tly take *>ge ( di/ant f>m+ /ations4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 mu/ happ5 at ! exp5se ( _! boys associat+ entirely ) convict s]vants4 ,i am n aw>e t ! tone ( society has assum$ any peculi> "*2 b ) su* habits1 & )\t intellectual pursuits1 x c h>dly fail to det]iorate4 ,my op9ion is su*1 t no?+ b r %>p necessity %\ld compel me to emigrate4 ,! rapid prosp]ity & future prospects ( ?is colony are to me1 n und]/&+ ^! subjects1 v puzzl+4 ,! two ma9 exports are wool & :ale-oil1 & to bo? ( ^! productions !re is a limit4 ,! c\ntry is totally unfit = canals1 !re=e !re is a n v di/ant po9t1 beyond :i* ! l&-c>riage ( wool w n repay ! exp5se ( %e>+ & t5d+ %eep4 ,pa/ure ev]y:]e is s ?9 t settl]s h already pu%$ f> into ! int]ior3 moreov]1 ! c\ntry fur!r inl& becomes extremely poor4 ,agriculture1 on acc\nt ( ! dr\ghts1 c nev] succe$ on an ext5d$ scale3 !re=e1 s f> z ,i c see1 ,au/ralia mu/ ultimately dep5d ^u be+ ! c5tre ( comm]ce = ! s\!rn hemisph]e1 & p]haps on h] future manufactories4 ,possess+ coal1 %e always has ! mov+ p[] at h&4 ,f ! habitable c\ntry ext5d+ along ! coa/1 & f h] ,engli% extraction1 %e is sure to be a m>itime nation4 ,i =m]ly imag9$ t ,au/ralia w\ld rise to be z gr& & p[]ful a c\ntry z ,nor? ,am]ica1 b n[ x appe>s to me t su* future gr&eur is r problematical4 ,) respect to ! /ate ( ! convicts1 ,i _h /ill few] opportunities ( judg+ ?an on o!r po9ts4 ,! fir/ "q is1 :e!r _! condition is at all "o ( puni%m5t3 no "o w ma9ta9 t x is a v sev]e "o4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 ,i suppose1 is ( little consequ5ce z long z x cont9ues to be an object ( dread to crim9als at home4 ,! corporeal wants ( ! convicts are tol]ably well suppli$3 _! prospect ( future lib]ty & com=t is n di/ant1 &1 aft] good conduct1 c]ta94 ,a ticket ( leave1 :i*1 z long z a man keeps cle> ( suspicion z well z ( crime1 makes him free )9 a c]ta9 di/rict1 is giv5 ^u good conduct1 aft] ye>s proportional to ! l5g? ( ! s5t5ce2 yet ) all ?is1 & ov]look+ ! previ\s imprisonm5t & wret*$ passage out1 ,i believe ! ye>s ( assignm5t are pass$ away ) discont5t & unhapp9ess4 ,z an intellig5t man rem>k$ to me1 ! convicts "k no pleasure beyond s5suality1 & 9 ?is !y are n gratifi$4 ,! enorm\s bribe :i* ,gov]nm5t possesses 9 (f]+ free p>dons1 toge!r ) ! deep horror ( ! seclud$ p5al settlem5ts1 de/roys confid5ce betwe5 ! convicts1 & s prev5ts crime4 ,z to a s5se ( %ame1 su* a feel+ does n appe> to be kn[n1 & ( ?is ,i witness$ "s v s+ul> pro(s4 ,?\gh x is a curi\s fact1 ,i 0 univ]sally told t ! "* ( ! convict population is "o ( arrant c[>dice3 n unfrequ5tly "s become desp]ate1 & q indiff]5t z to life1 yet a plan requir+ cool or cont9u$ c\rage is seldom put into execution4 ,! wor/ feature 9 ! :ole case is1 t al?\gh !re exi/s :at may be call$ a legal re=m1 & comp>atively little is committ$ :i* ! law c t\*1 yet t any moral re=m %\ld take place appe>s to be q out ( ! "q4 ,i 0 assur$ by well-in=m$ p1 t a man :o %\ld try to improve1 c\ld n :ile liv+ ) o!r assign$ s]vants2--8 life w\ld be "o ( intol]able mis]y & p]secution4 ,nor mu/ ! contam9ation ( ! convict-%ips & prisons1 bo? "h & 9 ,engl&1 be =gott54 ,on ! :ole1 z a place ( puni%m5t1 ! object is sc>cely ga9$2 z a real sy/em ( re=m x has fail$1 z p]haps w\ld e o!r plan2 b z a means ( mak+ m5 outw>dly hone/1--( conv]t+ vagabonds1 mo/ useless 9 "o hemisph]e1 into active citiz5s ( ano!r1 & ?us giv+ bir? to a new & spl5did c\ntry--a gr& c5tre ( civilization--x has succe$$ to a degree p]haps unp>allel$ 9 hi/ory4 #cj?4--,! ,beagle sail$ = ,hob>t ,t[n 9 ,van ,diem5's ,l&4 ,on ! #e? ( ,febru>y1 aft] a six days' passage1 ( :i* ! fir/ "p 0 f9e1 & ! latt] v cold & squally1 we ent]$ ! m\? ( ,/orm ,bay3 ! wea!r ju/ifi$ ?is awful "n4 ,! bay %\ld r be call$ an e/u>y1 = x receives at its head ! wat]s ( ! ,d]w5t4 ,ne> ! m\?1 !re are "s ext5sive basaltic plat=ms2 b high] up ! l& becomes m\nta9\s1 & is cov]$ by a light wood4 ,! l[] p>ts ( ! hills :i* skirt ! bay are cle>$2 & ! bright yell[ fields ( corn1 & d>k gre5 ones ( potatoes1 appe> v luxuriant4 ,late 9 ! ev5+ we an*or$ 9 ! snug cove1 on ! %ores ( :i* /&s ! capital ( ,tasmania4 ,! fir/ aspect ( ! place 0 v inf]ior to t ( ,sydney2 ! latt] might be call$ a city1 ?is is only a t[n4 ,x /&s at ! base ( ,m\nt ,well+ton1 a m\nta9 #cajj feet high1 b ( little picturesque beauty2 f ?is s\rce1 h[ev]1 x receives a good supply ( wat]4 ,r\nd ! cove !re are "s f9e w>eh\ses & on "o side a small =t4 ,com+ f ! ,spani% settlem5ts1 :]e su* magnific5t c>e has g5]ally be5 paid to ! =tifications1 ! means ( def5ce 9 ^! colonies appe>$ v contemptible4 ,comp>+ ! t[n ) ,sydney1 ,i 0 *iefly /ruck ) ! comp>ative fewness ( ! l>ge h\ses1 ei!r built or build+4 ,hob>t ,t[n1 f ! c5sus ( #ahce1 conta9$ #ac1hbf inhabitants1 & ! :ole ( ,tasmania #cf1eje4 ,all ! aborig9es h be5 remov$ to an isl& 9 ,bass's ,/raits1 s t ,van ,diem5's ,l& enjoys ! great advantage ( be+ free f a native population4 ,?is mo/ cruel /ep seems to h be5 q unavoidable1 z ! only means ( /opp+ a fe>ful succession ( robb]ies1 burn+s1 & murd]s1 committ$ by ! blacks2 & :i* soon] or lat] w\ld h end$ 9 _! utt] de/ruction4 ,i fe> !re is no d\bt1 t ?is tra9 ( evil & its consequ5ces1 orig9at$ 9 ! infam\s conduct ( "s ( our c\ntrym54 ,?irty ye>s is a %ort p]iod1 9 :i* to h bani%$ ! la/ aborig9al f 8 native isl&1--& t isl& ne>ly z l>ge z ,irel&4 ,! correspond5ce on ?is subject1 :i* took place betwe5 ! gov]nm5t at home & t ( ,van ,diem5's ,l&1 is v int]e/+4 ,al?\gh numb]s ( natives 7 %ot & tak5 prison]s 9 ! skirmi%+1 :i* 0 go+ on at int]vals = sev]al ye>s2 no?+ seems fully to h impress$ !m ) ! idea ( our ov]:elm+ p[]1 until ! :ole isl&1 9 #ahcj1 0 put "u m>tial law1 & by proclamation ! :ole population comm&$ to assi/ 9 "o great attempt to secure ! entire race4 ,! plan adopt$ 0 ne>ly simil> to t ( ! great hunt+-mat*es 9 ,india3 a l9e 0 =m$ rea*+ across ! isl&1 ) ! int5tion ( driv+ ! natives into a cul-de-sac on ,tasman's p59sula4 ,! attempt fail$2 ! natives1 hav+ ti$ up _! dogs1 /ole dur+ "o night ?r\gh ! l9es4 ,?is is f> f surpris+1 :5 _! practis$ s5ses1 & usual mann] ( crawl+ aft] wild animals is consid]$4 ,i h be5 assur$ t !y c conceal !mselves on almo/ b>e gr\nd1 9 a mann] :i* until witness$ is sc>cely cr$ible2 _! dusky bodies be+ easily mi/ak5 = ! black5$ /umps :i* are scatt]$ all ov] ! c\ntry4 ,i 0 told ( a trial betwe5 a p>ty ( ,engli%m5 & a native1 :o 0 to /& 9 full view on ! side ( a b>e hill2 if ! ,engli%m5 clos$ _! eyes = less ?an a m9ute1 he w\ld squat d[n1 & !n !y 7 nev] able to di/+ui% him f ! surr\nd+ /umps4 ,b to return to ! hunt+-mat*2 ! natives und]/&+ ?is k9d ( w>f>e1 7 t]ribly al>m$1 = !y at once p]ceiv$ ! p[] & numb]s ( ! :ites4 ,%ortly aft]w>ds a p>ty ( ?irte5 belong+ to two tribes came 92 &1 consci\s ( _! unprotect$ condition1 deliv]$ !mselves up 9 despair4 ,subsequ5tly by ! intrepid ex]tions ( ,mr4 ,rob9son1 an active & b5evol5t man1 :o fe>lessly visit$ by himself ! mo/ ho/ile ( ! natives1 ! :ole 7 induc$ to act 9 a simil> mann]4 ,!y 7 !n remov$ to an isl&1 :]e food & clo!s 7 provid$ !m4 ,c\nt ,/rzelecki /ates1 #f t at ! epo* ( _! deportation 9 #ahce1 ! numb] ( natives am\nt$ to #baj4 ,9 #ahdb1 t is1 aft] ! int]val ( sev5 ye>s1 !y mu/]$ only fifty-f\r individuals2 &1 :ile ea* family ( ! int]ior ( ,new ,s\? ,wales1 uncontam9at$ by contact ) ! :ites1 sw>ms ) *ildr51 ^? ( ,fl9d]s' ,isl& _h dur+ eight ye>s an accession ( only f\rte5 9 numb]6 ,! ,beagle /ay$ "h t5 days1 & 9 ?is "t ,i made sev]al pleasant little excursions1 *iefly ) ! object ( exam9+ ! geological /ructure ( ! imm$iate neighb\rhood4 ,! ma9 po9ts ( int]e/ consi/1 fir/ 9 "s highly fossilif]\s /rata1 belong+ to ! ,devonian or ,c>bonif]\s p]iod2 secondly1 9 pro(s ( a late small rise ( ! l&2 & la/ly1 9 a solit>y & sup]ficial pat* ( yell[i% lime/one or trav]t91 :i* conta9s num]\s impressions ( leaves ( trees1 toge!r ) l&-%ells1 n n[ exi/+4 ,x is n improbable t ?is "o small qu>ry includes ! only rema9+ record ( ! vegetation ( ,van ,diem5's ,l& dur+ "o =m] epo*4 ,! climate "h is damp] ?an 9 ,new ,s\? ,wales1 & h5ce ! l& is m f]tile4 ,agriculture fl\ri%es2 ! cultivat$ fields look well1 & ! g>d5s ab\nd ) ?riv+ vegetables & fruit-trees4 ,"s ( ! f>m-h\ses1 situat$ 9 retir$ spots1 _h a v attractive appe>ance4 ,! g5]al aspect ( ! vegetation is simil> to t ( ,au/ralia2 p]haps x is a little m gre5 & *e]ful2 & ! pa/ure betwe5 ! trees r m abundant4 ,"o day ,i took a long walk on ! side ( ! bay opposite to ! t[n3 ,i cross$ 9 a /eam-boat1 two ( :i* are con/antly ply+ backw>ds & =w>ds4 ,! ma*9]y ( "o ( ^! vessels 0 entirely manufactur$ 9 ?is colony1 :i*1 f its v f\ndation1 !n numb]$ only ?ree & ?irty ye>s6 ,ano!r day ,i asc5d$ ,m\nt ,well+ton2 ,i took ) me a guide1 = ,i fail$ 9 a fir/ attempt1 f ! ?ickness ( ! wood4 ,our guide1 h[ev]1 0 a /upid fell[1 & conduct$ u to ! s\!rn & damp side ( ! m\nta91 :]e ! vegetation 0 v luxuriant2 & :]e ! lab\r ( ! asc5t1 f ! numb] ( rott5 trunks1 0 almo/ z great z on a m\nta9 9 ,ti]ra del ,fuego or 9 ,*iloe4 ,x co/ u five & a half h\rs ( h>d climb+ be=e we rea*$ ! summit4 ,9 _m p>ts ! ,eucalypti grew to a great size1 & compos$ a noble =e/4 ,9 "s ( ! dampe/ rav9es1 tree-f]ns fl\ri%$ 9 an extraord9>y mann]2 ,i saw "o :i* mu/ h be5 at lea/ tw5ty feet high to ! base ( ! fronds1 & 0 9 gir? exactly six feet4 ,! fronds =m+ ! mo/ elegant p>asols1 produc$ a gloomy %ade1 l t ( ! fir/ h\r ( ! night4 ,! summit ( ! m\nta9 is broad & flat1 & is compos$ ( huge angul> masses ( nak$ gre5/one4 ,its elevation is #cajj feet above ! level ( ! sea4 ,! day 0 spl5didly cle>1 & we enjoy$ a mo/ ext5sive view2 to ! nor?1 ! c\ntry appe>$ a mass ( wood$ m\nta9s1 ( ab\t ! same height ) t on :i* we 7 /&+1 & ) an equally tame outl9e3 to ! s\? ! brok5 l& & wat]1 =m+ _m intricate bays1 0 mapp$ ) cle>ness be=e u4 ,aft] /ay+ "s h\rs on ! summit1 we f\nd a bett] way to desc5d1 b did n rea* ! ,beagle till eight o'clock1 aft] a sev]e day's "w4 ,febru>y #g?4--,! ,beagle sail$ f ,tasmania1 &1 on ! #f? ( ! ensu+ mon?1 rea*$ ,k+ ,george's ,s\nd1 situat$ close to ! ,s4 ,w4 corn] ( ,au/ralia4 ,we /ay$ !re eight days2 & we did n dur+ our voyage pass a m dull & un9t]e/+ "t4 ,! c\ntry1 view$ f an em95ce1 appe>s a woody pla91 ) "h & !re r\nd$ & p>tly b>e hills ( granite protrud+4 ,"o day ,i w5t out ) a p>ty1 9 hopes ( see+ a kang>oo hunt1 & walk$ ov] a good _m miles ( c\ntry4 ,ev]y:]e we f\nd ! soil s&y1 & v poor2 x support$ ei!r a co>se vegetation ( ?91 l[ bru%wood & wiry grass1 or a =e/ ( /unt$ trees4 ,! sc5]y resembl$ t ( ! high s&/one plat=m ( ! ,blue ,m\nta9s2 ! ,casu>9a 7a tree some:at resembl+ a ,scot* fir7 is1 h[ev]1 "h 9 great] numb]1 & ! ,eucalyptus 9 r less4 ,9 ! op5 p>ts !re 7 _m grass-trees1--a plant :i*1 9 appe>ance1 has "s aff9ity ) ! palm2 b1 in/ead ( be+ surm\nt$ by a cr[n ( noble fronds1 x c boa/ m]ely ( a tuft ( v co>se grass-l leaves4 ,! g5]al bright gre5 col\r ( ! bru%wood & o!r plants1 view$ f a di/ance1 seem$ to promise f]tility4 ,a s+le walk1 h[ev]1 0 en\gh to dispel su* an illusion2 & he :o ?9ks ) me w nev] wi% to walk aga9 9 s un9vit+ a c\ntry4 ,"o day ,i accompani$ ,capta9 ,fitz ,roy to ,bald ,head2 ! place m5tion$ by s _m navigators1 :]e "s imag9$ t !y saw corals1 & o!rs t !y saw petrifi$ trees1 /&+ 9 ! position 9 :i* !y _h gr[n4 ,accord+ to our view1 ! b$s h be5 =m$ by ! w9d hav+ heap$ up f9e s&1 compos$ ( m9ute r\nd$ p>ticles ( %ells & corals1 dur+ :i* process bran*es & roots ( trees1 toge!r ) _m l&-%ells1 became enclos$4 ,! :ole !n became consolidat$ by ! p]colation ( calc>e\s matt]2 & ! cyl9drical cavities left by ! decay+ ( ! wood1 7 ?us also fill$ up ) a h>d pseudo-/alactical /one4 ,! wea!r is n[ we>+ away ! s(t] p>ts1 & 9 consequ5ce ! h>d ca/s ( ! roots & bran*es ( ! trees project above ! surface1 &1 9 a s+ul>ly deceptive mann]1 resemble ! /umps ( a dead ?icket4 ,a l>ge tribe ( natives1 call$ ! ,:ite ,cockatoo m5 happ5$ to pay ! settlem5t a visit :ile we 7 !re4 ,^! m51 z well z ^? ( ! tribe belong+ to ,k+ ,george's ,s\nd1 be+ tempt$ by ! (f] ( "s tubs ( rice & sug>1 7 p]suad$ to hold a corrob]y1 or great danc+-p>ty4 ,z soon z x grew d>k1 small fires 7 light$1 & ! m5 comm5c$ _! toilet1 :i* consi/$ 9 pa9t+ !mselves :ite 9 spots & l9es4 ,z soon z all 0 ready1 l>ge fires 7 kept blaz+1 r\nd :i* ! wom5 & *ildr5 7 collect$ z spectators2 ! ,cockatoo & ,k+ ,george's m5 =m$ two di/9ct p>ties1 & g5]ally danc$ 9 answ] to ea* o!r4 ,! danc+ consi/$ 9 _! runn+ ei!r sideways or 9 ,indian file into an op5 space1 & /amp+ ! gr\nd ) great =ce z !y m>*$ toge!r4 ,_! heavy foot/eps 7 accompani$ by a k9d ( grunt1 by beat+ _! clubs & spe>s toge!r1 & by v>i\s o!r ge/iculations1 su* z ext5d+ _! arms & wriggl+ _! bodies4 ,x 0 a mo/ rude1 b>b>\s sc5e1 &1 to our ideas1 )\t any sort ( mean+2 b we obs]v$ t ! black wom5 & *ildr5 wat*$ x ) ! greate/ pleasure4 ,p]haps ^! dances orig9ally repres5t$ actions1 su* z w>s & victories2 !re 0 "o call$ ! ,emu dance1 9 :i* ea* man ext5d$ 8 arm 9 a b5t mann]1 l ! neck ( t bird4 ,9 ano!r dance1 "o man imitat$ ! movem5ts ( a kang>oo graz+ 9 ! woods1 :il/ a second crawl$ up1 & pret5d$ to spe> him4 ,:5 bo? tribes m+l$ 9 ! dance1 ! gr\nd trembl$ ) ! heav9ess ( _! /eps1 & ! air res\nd$ ) _! wild cries4 ,e "o appe>$ 9 high spirits1 & ! gr\p ( ne>ly nak$ figures1 view$ by ! light ( ! blaz+ fires1 all mov+ 9 hide\s h>mony1 =m$ a p]fect display ( a fe/ival among/ ! l[e/ b>b>ians4 ,9 ,ti]ra del ,fuego1 we h beheld _m curi\s sc5es 9 savage life1 b nev]1 ,i ?9k1 "o :]e ! natives 7 9 su* high spirits1 & s p]fectly at _! ease4 ,aft] ! danc+ 0 ov]1 ! :ole p>ty =m$ a great circle on ! gr\nd1 & ! boil$ rice & sug> 0 di/ribut$1 to ! delight ( all4 ,aft] sev]al t$i\s delays f cl\d$ wea!r1 on ! #ad? ( ,m>*1 we gladly /ood out ( ,k+ ,george's ,s\nd on our c\rse to ,keel+ ,isl&4 ,f>ewell1 ,au/ralia6 y are a ris+ *ild1 & d\btless "s day w reign a great pr9cess 9 ! ,s\?3 b y are too great & ambiti\s = affection1 yet n great en\gh = respect4 ,i leave y\r %ores )\t sorr[ or regret4 #a ,x is rem>kable h[ ! same disease is modifi$ 9 diff]5t climates4 ,at ! little isl& ( ,/4 ,hel5a ! introduction ( sc>let fev] is dread$ z a plague4 ,9 "s c\ntries1 =eign]s & natives are z diff]5tly affect$ by c]ta9 contagi\s disord]s z if !y _h be5 diff]5t animals2 ( :i* fact "s in/ances h occurr$ 9 ,*ile2 &1 accord+ to ,humboldt1 9 ,mexico 7,polit4 ,essay1 ,new ,spa91 vol4 iv474 #b ,n>rative ( ,mission>y ,ent]prise1 p4 #bhb4 #c ,capta9 ,bee*ey 7*ap4 iv41 vol4 i47 /ates t ! inhabitants ( ,pitcairn ,isl& are firmly conv9c$ t aft] ! arrival ( e %ip !y suff] cutane\s & o!r disord]s4 ,capta9 ,bee*ey attributes ?is to ! *ange ( diet dur+ ! "t ( ! visit4 ,dr4 ,maccullo* 7,we/]n ,isles1 vol4 ii4 p4 #cb7 says3 ,x is ass]t$1 t on ! arrival ( a /rang] 7at ,/4 ,kilda7 all ! inhabitants1 9 ! common phraseology1 cat* a cold4 ,dr4 ,maccullo* consid]s ! :ole case1 al?\gh (t5 previ\sly affirm$1 z ludicr\s4 ,he adds1 h[ev]1 t ! "q 0 put by u to ! inhabitants :o unanim\sly agre$ 9 ! /ory4 ,9 ,vanc\v]'s ,voyage1 !re is a some:at simil> /atem5t ) respect to ,otaheite4 ,dr4 ,dieff5ba*1 9 a note to 8 translation ( ! ,j\rnal1 /ates t ! same fact is univ]sally believ$ by ! inhabitants ( ! ,*a?am ,isl&s1 & 9 p>ts ( ,new ,zeal&4 ,x is impossible t su* a belief %\ld h become univ]sal 9 ! nor!rn hemisph]e1 at ! ,antipodes1 & 9 ! ,pacific1 )\t "s good f\ndation4 ,humboldt 7,polit4 ,essay on ,k+ ( ,new ,spa91 vol4 iv47 says1 t ! great epidemics ( ,panama & ,callao are m>k$ by ! arrival ( %ips f ,*ile1 because ! p f t temp]ate region1 fir/ exp]i5ce ! fatal effects ( ! torrid zones4 ,i may add1 t ,i h he>d x /at$ 9 ,%rop%ire1 t %eep1 :i* h be5 import$ f vessels1 al?\gh !mselves 9 a heal?y condition1 if plac$ 9 ! same fold ) o!rs1 frequ5tly produce sickness 9 ! flock4 #d ,travels 9 ,au/ralia1 vol4 i4 p4 #aed4 ,i mu/ express my obligation to ,sir ,t4 ,mit*ell1 = sev]al int]e/+ p]sonal communications on ! subject ( ^! great valleys ( ,new ,s\? ,wales4 #e ,i 0 int]e/$ by f9d+ "h ! holl[ conical pitfall ( ! lion-ant1 or "s o!r insect2 fir/ a fly fell d[n ! trea*]\s slope & imm$iately disappe>$2 !n came a l>ge b unw>y ant2 its /ruggles to escape be+ v viol5t1 ^? curi\s little jets ( s&1 describ$ by ,kirby & ,sp5ce 7,entomol41 vol4 i4 p4 #dbe7 z be+ flirt$ by ! insect's tail1 7 promptly direct$ aga9/ ! expect$ victim4 ,b ! ant enjoy$ a bett] fate ?an ! fly1 & escap$ ! fatal jaws :i* lay conceal$ at ! base ( ! conical holl[4 ,?is ,au/ralian pitfall 0 only ab\t half ! size ( t made by ! ,european lion-ant4 #f ,physical ,description ( ,new ,s\? ,wales & ,van ,diem5's ,l&1 p4 #ced4 ,,*apt] ,,xx ,,keel+ ,,isl&3--,,coral ,,=mations ,keel+ ,isl&--,s+ul> appe>ance--,scanty ,flora--,transport ( ,se$s--,birds & ,insects--,ebb+ & fl[+ ,spr+s--,fields ( dead ,coral--,/ones transport$ 9 ! roots ( ,trees--,great ,crab--,/++ ,corals--,coral eat+ ,fi%--,coral ,=mations--,lagoon ,isl&s1 or ,atolls--,dep? at :i* reef-build+ ,corals c live--,va/ ,areas int]sp]s$ ) l[ ,coral ,isl&s--,subsid5ce ( _! f\ndations--,b>ri] ,reefs--,fr++ ,reefs--,conv]sion ( ,fr++ ,reefs into ,b>ri] ,reefs1 & into ,atolls--,evid5ce ( *anges 9 ,level--,brea*es 9 ,b>ri] ,reefs--,maldiva ,atolls1 _! peculi> /ructure--,dead & subm]g$ ,reefs--,areas ( subsid5ce & elevation--,di/ribution ( ,volcanoes--,subsid5ce sl[1 & va/ 9 am\nt4 ,,april #a/4--,we arriv$ 9 view ( ! ,keel+ or ,cocos ,isl&s1 situat$ 9 ! ,indian ,ocean1 & ab\t six hundr$ miles di/ant f ! coa/ ( ,sumatra4 ,?is is "o ( ! lagoon-isl&s 7or atolls7 ( coral =mation1 simil> to ^? 9 ! ,l[ ,ar*ipelago :i* we pass$ ne>4 ,:5 ! %ip 0 9 ! *annel at ! entrance1 ,mr4 ,liesk1 an ,engli% resid5t1 came (f 9 8 boat4 ,! hi/ory ( ! inhabitants ( ?is place1 9 z few words z possible1 is z foll[s4 ,ab\t n9e ye>s ago1 ,mr4 ,h>e1 a wor?less "*1 br\ght f ! ,ea/ ,indian ar*ipelago a numb] ( ,malay slaves1 :i* n[ includ+ *ildr51 am\nt to m ?an a hundr$4 ,%ortly aft]w>ds1 ,capta9 ,ross1 :o _h be=e visit$ ^! isl&s 9 8 m]*ant-%ip1 arriv$ f ,engl&1 br++ ) him 8 family & goods = settlem5t3 along ) him came ,mr4 ,liesk1 :o _h be5 a mate 9 8 vessel4 ,! ,malay slaves soon ran away f ! islet on :i* ,mr4 ,h>e 0 settl$1 & jo9$ ,capta9 ,ross's p>ty4 ,mr4 ,h>e ^u ?is 0 ultimately oblig$ to leave ! place4 ,! ,malays are n[ nom9ally 9 a /ate ( fre$om1 & c]ta9ly are s1 z f> z reg>ds _! p]sonal treatm5t2 b 9 mo/ o!r po9ts !y are consid]$ z slaves4 ,f _! discont5t$ /ate1 f ! repeat$ removals f islet to islet1 & p]haps also f a little mismanagem5t1 ?+s are n v prosp]\s4 ,! isl& has no dome/ic quadrup$1 except+ ! pig1 & ! ma9 vegetable production is ! cocoa-nut4 ,! :ole prosp]ity ( ! place dep5ds on ?is tree3 ! only exports be+ oil f ! nut1 & ! nuts !mselves1 :i* are tak5 to ,s+apore & ,mauritius1 :]e !y are *iefly us$1 :5 grat$1 9 mak+ curries4 ,on ! cocoa-nut1 also1 ! pigs1 :i* are load$ ) fat1 almo/ entirely subsi/1 z d ! ducks & p\ltry4 ,ev5 a huge l&-crab is furni%$ by nature ) ! means to op5 & fe$ on ?is mo/ useful production4 ,! r+-=m$ reef ( ! lagoon-isl& is surm\nt$ 9 ! great] "p ( its l5g? by l9e> islets4 ,on ! nor!rn or leew>d side1 !re is an op5+ ?r\gh :i* vessels c pass to ! an*orage )94 ,on ent]+1 ! sc5e 0 v curi\s & r pretty2 its beauty1 h[ev]1 entirely dep5d$ on ! brilliancy ( ! surr\nd+ col\rs4 ,! %all[1 cle>1 & /ill wat] ( ! lagoon1 re/+ 9 its great] "p on :ite s&1 is1 :5 illum9$ by a v]tical sun1 ( ! mo/ vivid gre54 ,?is brilliant expanse1 sev]al miles 9 wid?1 is on all sides divid$1 ei!r by a l9e ( sn[-:ite break]s f ! d>k heav+ wat]s ( ! ocean1 or f ! blue vault ( heav5 by ! /rips ( l&1 cr[n$ by ! level tops ( ! cocoa-nut trees4 ,z a :ite cl\d "h & !re af=ds a pleas+ contra/ ) ! azure sky1 s 9 ! lagoon1 b&s ( liv+ coral d>k5 ! em]ald gre5 wat]4 ,! next morn+ aft] an*or+1 ,i w5t on %ore on ,direction ,isl&4 ,! /rip ( dry l& is only a few hundr$ y>ds 9 wid?2 on ! lagoon side !re is a :ite calc>e\s bea*1 ! radiation f :i* "u ?is sultry climate 0 v oppressive2 & on ! out] coa/1 a solid broad flat ( coral-rock s]v$ to break ! viol5ce ( ! op5 sea4 ,except+ ne> ! lagoon1 :]e !re is "s s&1 ! l& is entirely compos$ ( r\nd$ fragm5ts ( coral4 ,9 su* a loose1 dry1 /ony soil1 ! climate ( ! int]tropical regions alone c\ld produce a vigor\s vegetation4 ,on "s ( ! small] islets1 no?+ c\ld be m elegant ?an ! mann] 9 :i* ! "y & full-gr[n cocoa-nut trees1 )\t de/roy+ ea* o!r's symmetry1 7 m+l$ into "o wood4 ,a bea* ( glitt]+ :ite s& =m$ a bord] to ^! fairy spots4 ,i w n[ give a sket* ( ! natural hi/ory ( ^! isl&s1 :i*1 f its v paucity1 possesses a peculi> int]e/4 ,! cocoa-nut tree1 at fir/ glance1 seems to compose ! :ole wood2 !re are h[ev]1 five or six o!r trees4 ,"o ( ^! gr[s to a v l>ge size1 b f ! extremes ( s(tness ( its wood1 is useless2 ano!r sort af=ds excell5t timb] = %ip-build+4 ,besides ! trees1 ! numb] ( plants is exce$+ly limit$1 & consi/s ( insignificant we$s4 ,9 my collection1 :i* includes1 ,i believe1 ne>ly ! p]fect ,flora1 !re are tw5ty species1 )\t reckon+ a moss1 li*51 & fungus4 ,to ?is numb] two trees mu/ be add$2 "o ( :i* 0 n 9 fl[]1 & ! o!r ,i only he>d (4 ,! latt] is a solit>y tree ( its k9d1 & gr[s ne> ! bea*1 :]e1 )\t d\bt1 ! "o se$ 0 ?r[n up by ! waves4 ,a ,guil&9a also gr[s on only "o ( ! islets4 ,i d n include 9 ! above li/ ! sug>-cane1 banana1 "s o!r vegetables1 fruit-trees1 & import$ grasses4 ,z ! isl&s consi/ entirely ( coral1 & at "o "t mu/ h exi/$ z m]e wat]-wa%$ reefs1 all _! t]re/rial productions mu/ h be5 transport$ "h by ! waves ( ! sea4 ,9 accordance ) ?is1 ! ,florula has q ! "* ( a refuge = ! de/itute3 ,pr(essor ,h5sl[ in=ms me t ( ! tw5ty species n9ete5 belong to diff]5t g5]a1 & ^! aga9 to no less ?an sixte5 families6 #a ,9 ,holman's #b ,travels an acc\nt is giv51 on ! au?ority ( ,mr4 ,a4 ,s4 ,keat+1 :o resid$ twelve mon?s on ^! isl&s1 ( ! v>i\s se$s & o!r bodies :i* h be5 kn[n to h be5 wa%$ on %ore4 ,se$s & plants f ,sumatra & ,java h be5 driv5 up by ! surf on ! w9dw>d side ( ! isl&s4 ,among !m h be5 f\nd ! ,kimiri1 native ( ,sumatra & ! p59sula ( ,malacca2 ! cocoa-nut ( ,balci1 kn[n by its %ape & size2 ! ,dadass1 :i* is plant$ by ! ,malays ) ! pepp]-v9e1 ! latt] intw9+ r\nd its trunk1 & support+ itself by ! prickles on its /em2 ! soap-tree2 ! ca/or-oil plant2 trunks ( ! sago palm2 & v>i\s k9ds ( se$s unkn[n to ! ,malays settl$ on ! isl&s4 ,^! are all suppos$ to h be5 driv5 by ! ,n4 ,w4 monsoon to ! coa/ ( ,new ,holl&1 & !nce to ^! isl&s by ! ,s4 ,e4 trade-w9d4 ,l>ge masses ( ,java teak & ,yell[ wood h also be5 f\nd1 besides imm5se trees ( r$ & :ite c$>1 & ! blue gumwood ( ,new ,holl&1 9 a p]fectly s\nd condition4 ,all ! h>dy se$s1 su* z creep]s1 reta9 _! g]m9at+ p[]1 b ! s(t] k9ds1 among :i* is ! mango/91 are de/roy$ 9 ! passage4 ,fi%+-canoes1 app>5tly f ,java1 h at times be5 wa%$ on %ore4 ,x is int]e/+ ?us to discov] h[ num]\s ! se$s are1 :i*1 com+ f sev]al c\ntries1 are drift$ ov] ! wide ocean4 ,pr(essor ,h5sl[ tells me1 he believes t ne>ly all ! plants :i* ,i br\ght f ^! isl&s1 are common littoral species 9 ! ,ea/ ,indian ar*ipelago4 ,f ! direction1 h[ev]1 ( ! w9ds & curr5ts1 x seems sc>cely possible t !y c\ld h come "h 9 a direct l9e4 ,if1 z sugge/$ ) mu* probability by ,mr4 ,keat+1 !y 7 fir/ c>ri$ t[>ds ! coa/ ( ,new ,holl&1 & !nce drift$ back toge!r ) ! productions ( t c\ntry1 ! se$s1 be=e g]m9at+1 mu/ h travell$ betwe5 #ahjj & #bdjj miles4 ,*amisso1 #c :5 describ+ ! ,radack ,ar*ipelago1 situat$ 9 ! we/]n "p ( ! ,pacific1 /ates t ! sea br+s to ^! isl&s ! se$s & fruits ( _m trees1 mo/ ( :i* h yet n gr[n "h4 ,! great] "p ( ^! se$s appe> to h n yet lo/ ! capability ( gr[+4 ,x is also said t palms & bamboos f some:]e 9 ! torrid zone1 & trunks ( nor!rn firs1 are wa%$ on %ore3 ^! firs mu/ h come f an imm5se di/ance4 ,^! facts are highly int]e/+4 ,x _c be d\bt$ t if !re 7 l&-birds to pick up ! se$s :5 fir/ ca/ on %ore1 & a soil bett] adapt$ = _! gr[? ?an ! loose blocks ( coral1 t ! mo/ isolat$ ( ! lagoon-isl&s w\ld 9 "t possess a f> m abundant ,flora ?an !y n[ h4 ,! li/ ( l& animals is ev5 poor] ?an t ( ! plants4 ,"s ( ! islets are inhabit$ by rats1 :i* 7 br\ght 9 a %ip f ! ,mauritius1 wreck$ "h4 ,^! rats are consid]$ by ,mr4 ,wat]h\se z id5tical ) ! ,engli% k9d1 b !y are small]1 & m brightly col\r$4 ,!re are no true l&-birds1 = a snipe & a rail 7,rallus ,phillipp5sis71 ?\gh liv+ entirely 9 ! dry h]bage1 belong to ! ord] ( ,wad]s4 ,birds ( ?is ord] are said to occur on sev]al ( ! small l[ isl&s 9 ! ,pacific4 ,at ,asc5sion1 :]e !re is no l&-bird1 a rail 7,porphyrio simplex7 0 %ot ne> ! summit ( ! m\nta91 & x 0 evid5tly a solit>y /raggl]4 ,at ,tri/an d',acunha1 :]e1 accord+ to ,c>mi*ael1 !re are only two l&-birds1 !re is a coot4 ,f ^! facts ,i believe t ! wad]s1 aft] ! innum]able web-foot$ species1 are g5]ally ! fir/ coloni/s ( small isolat$ isl&s4 ,i may add1 t :5ev] ,i notic$ birds1 n ( oceanic species1 v f> out at sea1 !y always belong$ to ?is ord]2 & h5ce !y w\ld naturally become ! e>lie/ coloni/s ( any remote po9t ( l&4 ,( reptiles ,i saw only "o small liz>d4 ,( insects ,i took pa9s to collect e k9d4 ,exclusive ( spid]s1 :i* 7 num]\s1 !re 7 ?irte5 species4 #d ,( ^!1 "o only 0 a beetle4 ,a small ant sw>m$ by ?\s&s "u ! loose dry blocks ( coral1 & 0 ! only true insect :i* 0 abundant4 ,al?\gh ! productions ( ! l& are ?us scanty1 if we look to ! wat]s ( ! surr\nd+ sea1 ! numb] ( organic be+s is inde$ inf9ite4 ,*amisso has describ$ #e ! natural hi/ory ( a lagoon-isl& 9 ! ,radack ,ar*ipelago2 & x is rem>kable h[ closely its inhabitants1 9 numb] & k9d1 resemble ^? ( ,keel+ ,isl&4 ,!re is "o liz>d & two wad]s1 namely1 a snipe & curlew4 ,( plants !re are n9ete5 species1 includ+ a f]n2 & "s ( ^! are ! same ) ^? gr[+ "h1 ?\gh on a spot s imm5sely remote1 & 9 a diff]5t ocean4 ,! long /rips ( l&1 =m+ ! l9e> islets1 h be5 rais$ only to t height to :i* ! surf c ?r[ fragm5ts ( coral1 & ! w9d heap up calc>e\s s&4 ,! solid flat ( coral rock on ! outside1 by its bread?1 breaks ! fir/ viol5ce ( ! waves1 :i* o!rwise1 9 a day1 w\ld sweep away ^! islets & all _! productions4 ,! ocean & ! l& seem "h /ruggl+ = ma/]y3 al?\gh t]ra firma has obta9$ a foot+1 ! d5iz5s ( ! wat] ?9k _! claim at lea/ equally good4 ,9 e "p "o meets h]mit crabs ( m ?an "o species1 #f c>ry+ on _! backs ! %ells :i* !y h /ol5 f ! neighb\r+ bea*4 ,ov]head1 num]\s gannets1 frigate-birds1 & t]ns1 re/ on ! trees2 & ! wood1 f ! _m ne/s & f ! smell ( ! atmosph]e1 might be call$ a sea-rook]y4 ,! gannets1 sitt+ on _! rude ne/s1 gaze at "o ) a /upid yet angry air4 ,! noddies1 z _! "n expresses1 are silly little creatures4 ,b !re is "o *>m+ bird3 x is a small1 sn[-:ite t]n1 :i* smoo?ly hov]s at ! di/ance ( a few feet above "o's head1 its l>ge black eye scann+1 ) quiet curiosity1 y\r expression4 ,little imag9ation is requir$ to fancy t s light & delicate a body mu/ be t5ant$ by "s w&]+ fairy _s4 ,sunday1 ,april #crd4--,aft] s]vice ,i accompani$ ,capta9 ,fitz ,roy to ! settlem5t1 situat$ at ! di/ance ( "s miles1 on ! po9t ( an islet ?ickly cov]$ ) tall cocoa-nut trees4 ,capta9 ,ross & ,mr4 ,liesk live 9 a l>ge b>n-l h\se op5 at bo? ends1 & l9$ ) mats made ( wov5 b>k4 ,! h\ses ( ! ,malays are arrang$ along ! %ore ( ! lagoon4 ,! :ole place _h r a desolate aspect1 = !re 7 no g>d5s to %[ ! signs ( c>e & cultivation4 ,! natives belong to diff]5t isl&s 9 ! ,ea/ ,indian ar*ipelago1 b all speak ! same language3 we saw ! inhabitants ( ,borneo1 ,celebes1 ,java1 & ,sumatra4 ,9 col\r !y resemble ! ,tahitians1 f :om !y d n widely diff] 9 features4 ,"s ( ! wom51 h[ev]1 %[ a good deal ( ! ,*9ese "*4 ,i lik$ bo? _! g5]al expressions & ! s\nd ( _! voices4 ,!y appe>$ poor1 & _! h\ses 7 de/itute ( furniture2 b x 0 evid5t1 f ! plumpness ( ! little *ildr51 t cocoa-nuts & turtle af=d no bad su/5ance4 ,on ?is isl& ! wells are situat$1 f :i* %ips obta9 wat]4 ,at fir/ sight x appe>s n a little rem>kable t ! fre% wat] %\ld regul>ly ebb & fl[ ) ! tides2 & x has ev5 be5 imag9$1 t s& has ! p[] ( filt]+ ! salt f ! sea-wat]4 ,^! ebb+ wells are common on "s ( ! l[ isl&s 9 ! ,we/ ,indies4 ,! compress$ s&1 or por\s coral rock1 is p]meat$ l a sponge ) ! salt wat]1 b ! ra9 :i* falls on ! surface mu/ s9k to ! level ( ! surr\nd+ sea1 & mu/ accumulate !re1 displac+ an equal bulk ( ! salt wat]4 ,z ! wat] 9 ! l[] "p ( ! great sponge-l coral mass rises & falls ) ! tides1 s w ! wat] ne> ! surface2 & ?is w keep fre%1 if ! mass be suffici5tly compact to prev5t mu* me*anical admixture2 b :]e ! l& consi/s ( great loose blocks ( coral ) op5 int]/ices1 if a well be dug1 ! wat]1 z ,i h se51 is bracki%4 ,aft] d9n] we /ay$ to see a curi\s half sup]/iti\s sc5e act$ by ! ,malay wom54 ,a l>ge wood5 spoon dress$ 9 g>m5ts1 & :i* _h be5 c>ri$ to ! grave ( a dead man1 !y pret5d becomes inspir$ at ! full ( ! moon1 & w dance & jump ab\t4 ,aft] ! prop] prep>ations1 ! spoon1 held by two wom51 became convuls$1 & danc$ 9 good "t to ! song ( ! surr\nd+ *ildr5 & wom54 ,x 0 a mo/ fooli% spectacle2 b ,mr4 ,liesk ma9ta9$ t _m ( ! ,malays believ$ 9 its spiritual movem5ts4 ,! dance did n comm5ce till ! moon _h ris51 & x 0 well wor? rema9+ to behold h] bright orb s quietly %9+ ?r\gh ! long arms ( ! cocoa-nut trees z !y wav$ 9 ! ev5+ breeze4 ,^! sc5es ( ! tropics are 9 !mselves s delici\s1 t !y almo/ equal ^? de>] ones at home1 to :i* we are b\nd by ea* be/ feel+ ( ! m9d4 ,! next day ,i employ$ myself 9 exam9+ ! v int]e/+1 yet simple /ructure & orig9 ( ^! isl&s4 ,! wat] be+ unusually smoo?1 ,i wad$ ov] ! out] flat ( dead rock z f> z ! liv+ m\nds ( coral1 on :i* ! swell ( ! op5 sea breaks4 ,9 "s ( ! gullies & holl[s !re 7 beautiful gre5 & o!r col\r$ fi%es1 & ! =m & t9ts ( _m ( ! zoophytes 7 admirable4 ,x is excusable to gr[ en?usia/ic ov] ! inf9ite numb]s ( organic be+s ) :i* ! sea ( ! tropics1 s prodigal ( life1 teems2 yet ,i mu/ confess ,i ?9k ^? naturali/s :o h describ$1 9 well-kn[n words1 ! subm>9e grottoes deck$ ) a ?\s& beauties1 h indulg$ 9 r exub]ant language4 ,april #f?4--,i accompani$ ,capta9 ,fitz ,roy to an isl& at ! head ( ! lagoon3 ! *annel 0 exce$+ly intricate1 w9d+ ?r\gh fields ( delicately bran*$ corals4 ,we saw sev]al turtle & two boats 7 !n employ$ 9 cat*+ !m4 ,! wat] 0 s cle> & %all[1 t al?\gh at fir/ a turtle quickly dives out ( sight1 yet 9 a canoe or boat "u sail1 ! pursu]s aft] no v long *ase come up to x4 ,a man /&+ ready 9 ! b[1 at ?is mom5t da%es ?r\gh ! wat] ^u ! turtle's back2 !n cl++ ) bo? h&s by ! %ell ( its neck1 he is c>ri$ away till ! animal becomes exhau/$ & is secur$4 ,x 0 q an int]e/+ *ase to see ! two boats ?us d\bl+ ab\t1 & ! m5 da%+ head =emo/ into ! wat] try+ to seize _! prey4 ,capta9 ,moresby in=ms me t 9 ! ,*agos ar*ipelago 9 ?is same ocean1 ! natives1 by a horrible process1 take ! %ell f ! back ( ! liv+ turtle4 ,x is cov]$ ) burn+ *>coal1 :i* causes ! out] %ell to curl upw>ds1 x is !n =c$ (f ) a knife1 & be=e x becomes cold flatt5$ betwe5 bo>ds4 ,aft] ?is b>b>\s process ! animal is suff]$ to rega9 its native elem5t1 :]e1 aft] a c]ta9 "t1 a new %ell is =m$2 x is1 h[ev]1 too ?9 to be ( any s]vice1 & ! animal always appe>s langui%+ & sickly4 ,:5 we arriv$ at ! head ( ! lagoon1 we cross$ a n>r[ islet1 & f\nd a great surf break+ on ! w9dw>d coa/4 ,i c h>dly expla9 ! reason1 b !re is to my m9d mu* gr&eur 9 ! view ( ! out] %ores ( ^! lagoon-isl&s4 ,!re is a simplicity 9 ! b>ri]-l bea*1 ! m>g9 ( gre5 bu%es & tall cocoa-nuts1 ! solid flat ( dead coral-rock1 /rew$ "h & !re ) great loose fragm5ts1 & ! l9e ( furi\s break]s1 all r\nd+ away t[>ds ei!r h&4 ,! ocean ?r[+ its wat]s ov] ! broad reef appe>s an inv9cible1 all-p[]ful enemy2 yet we see x resi/$1 & ev5 conqu]$1 by means :i* at fir/ seem mo/ weak & ineffici5t4 ,x is n t ! ocean sp>es ! rock ( coral2 ! great fragm5ts scatt]$ ov] ! reef1 & heap$ on ! bea*1 :5ce ! tall cocoa-nut spr+s1 pla9ly bespeak ! unrel5t+ p[] ( ! waves4 ,nor are any p]iods ( repose grant$4 ,! long swell caus$ by ! g5tle b /eady action ( ! trade-w9d1 always bl[+ 9 "o direction ov] a wide area1 causes break]s1 almo/ equall+ 9 =ce ^? dur+ a gale ( w9d 9 ! temp]ate regions1 & :i* nev] cease to rage4 ,x is impossible to behold ^! waves )\t feel+ a conviction t an isl&1 ?\gh built ( ! h>de/ rock1 let x be porphyry1 granite1 or qu>tz1 w\ld ultimately yield & be demoli%$ by su* an irresi/ible p[]4 ,yet ^! l[1 insignificant coral-islets /& & are victori\s3 = "h ano!r p[]1 z an antagoni/1 takes "p 9 ! conte/4 ,! organic =ces sep>ate ! atoms ( c>bonate ( lime1 "o by "o1 f ! foam+ break]s1 & unite !m into a symmetrical /ructure4 ,let ! hurricane te> up its ?\s& huge fragm5ts2 yet :at w t tell aga9/ ! accumulat$ lab\r ( myriads ( ar*itects at "w night & day1 mon? aft] mon?8 ,?us d we see ! s(t & gelat9\s body ( a polypus1 ?r\gh ! ag5cy ( ! vital laws1 conqu]+ ! great me*anical p[] ( ! waves ( an ocean :i* nei!r ! art ( man nor ! inanimate works ( nature c\ld successfully resi/4 ,we did n return on bo>d till late 9 ! ev5+1 = we /ay$ a long "t 9 ! lagoon1 exam9+ ! fields ( coral & ! gigantic %ells ( ! *ama1 into :i*1 if a man 7 to put 8 h&1 he w\ld n1 z long z ! animal liv$1 be able to )draw x4 ,ne> ! head ( ! lagoon ,i 0 mu* surpris$ to f9d a wide area1 consid]ably m ?an a mile squ>e1 cov]$ ) a =e/ ( delicately bran*+ corals1 :i*1 ?\gh /&+ upright1 7 all dead & rott54 ,at fir/ ,i 0 q at a loss to und]/& ! cause aft]w>ds x occurr$ to me t x 0 ow+ to ! foll[+ r curi\s comb9ation ( circum/ances4 ,x %\ld1 h[ev]1 fir/ be /at$1 t corals are n able to survive ev5 a %ort exposure 9 ! air to ! sun's rays1 s t _! upw>d limit ( gr[? is det]m9$ by t ( l[e/ wat] at spr+ tides4 ,x appe>s1 f "s old *>ts1 t ! long isl& to w9dw>d 0 =m]ly sep>at$ by wide *annels into sev]al islets2 ?is fact is likewise indicat$ by ! trees be+ y\ng] on ^! portions4 ,"u ! =m] condition ( ! reef1 a /rong breeze1 by ?r[+ m wat] ov] ! b>ri]1 w\ld t5d to raise ! level ( ! lagoon4 ,n[ x acts 9 a directly contr>y mann]2 = ! wat] )9 ! lagoon n only is n increas$ by curr5ts f ! outside1 b is itself bl[n outw>ds by ! =ce ( ! w9d4 ,h5ce x is obs]v$1 t ! tide ne> ! head ( ! lagoon does n rise s high dur+ a /rong breeze z x does :5 x is calm4 ,?is diff]5ce ( level1 al?\gh no d\bt v small1 has1 ,i believe1 caus$ ! dea? ( ^? coral-groves1 :i* "u ! =m] & m op5 condition ( ! out] reef has atta9$ ! utmo/ possible limit ( upw>d gr[?4 ,a few miles nor? ( ,keel+ !re is ano!r small atoll1 ! lagoon ( :i* is ne>ly fill$ up ) coral-mud4 ,capta9 ,ross f\nd emb$d$ 9 ! conglom]ate on ! out] coa/1 a well-r\nd$ fragm5t ( gre5/one1 r l>g] ?an a man's head3 he & ! m5 ) him 7 s mu* surpris$ at ?is1 t !y br\ght x away & pres]v$ x z a curiosity4 ,! occurr5ce ( ?is "o /one1 :]e e o!r p>ticle ( matt] is calc>e\s1 c]ta9ly is v puzzl+4 ,! isl& has sc>cely ev] be5 visit$1 nor is x probable t a %ip _h be5 wreck$ !re4 ,f ! abs5ce ( any bett] explanation1 ,i came to ! conclusion t x mu/ h come entangl$ 9 ! roots ( "s l>ge tree3 :51 h[ev]1 ,i consid]$ ! great di/ance f ! ne>e/ l&1 ! comb9ation ( *ances aga9/ a /one ?us be+ entangl$1 ! tree wa%$ into ! sea1 float$ s f>1 !n l&$ safely1 & ! /one f9ally s emb$d$ z to all[ ( its discov]y1 ,i 0 almo/ afraid ( imag9+ a means ( transport app>5tly s improbable4 ,x 0 !re=e ) great int]e/ t ,i f\nd ,*amisso1 ! ju/ly di/+ui%$ naturali/ :o accompani$ ,kotzebue1 /at+ t ! inhabitants ( ! ,radack ar*ipelago1 a gr\p ( lagoon-isl&s 9 ! mid/ ( ! ,pacific1 obta9$ /ones = %>p5+ _! in/rum5ts by se>*+ ! roots ( trees :i* are ca/ ^u ! bea*4 ,x w be evid5t t ?is mu/ h happ5$ sev]al times1 s9ce laws h be5 e/abli%$ t su* /ones belong to ! *ief1 & a puni%m5t is inflict$ on any "o :o attempts to /eal !m4 ,:5 ! isolat$ position ( ^! small isl&s 9 ! mid/ ( a va/ ocean--_! great di/ance f any l& except+ t ( coral =mation1 atte/$ by ! value :i* ! inhabitants1 :o are su* bold navigators1 atta* to a /one ( any k9d1 #g--;& ! sl[ness ( ! curr5ts ( ! op5 sea1 are all consid]$1 ! occurr5ce ( pebbles ?us transport$ does appe> wond]ful4 ,/ones may (t5 be ?us c>ri$2 & if ! isl& on :i* !y are /r&$ is con/ruct$ ( any o!r sub/ance besides coral1 !y w\ld sc>cely attract att5tion1 & _! orig9 at lea/ w\ld nev] be guess$4 ,moreov]1 ?is ag5cy may long escape discov]y f ! probability ( trees1 especially ^? load$ ) /ones1 float+ b5ea? ! surface4 ,9 ! *annels ( ,ti]ra del ,fuego l>ge quantities ( drift timb] are ca/ ^u ! bea*1 yet x is extremely r>e to meet a tree swimm+ on ! wat]4 ,^! facts may possibly ?r[ light on s+le /ones1 :e!r angul> or r\nd$1 occasionally f\nd emb$d$ 9 f9e s$im5t>y masses4 ,dur+ ano!r day ,i visit$ ,we/ ,islet1 on :i* ! vegetation 0 p]haps m luxuriant ?an on any o!r4 ,! cocoa-nut trees g5]ally gr[ sep>ate1 b "h ! "y ones fl\ri%$ b5ea? _! tall p>5ts1 & =m$ ) _! long & curv$ fronds ! mo/ %ady arb\rs4 ,^? alone :o h tri$ x1 "k h[ delici\s x is to be seat$ 9 su* %ade1 & dr9k ! cool pleasant fluid ( ! cocoa-nut4 ,9 ?is isl& !re is a l>ge bay-l space1 compos$ ( ! f9e/ :ite s&3 x is q level & is only cov]$ by ! tide at high wat]2 f ?is l>ge bay small] creeks p5etrate ! surr\nd+ woods4 ,to see a field ( glitt]+ :ite s&1 repres5t+ wat]1 ) ! cocoa-nut trees ext5d+ _! tall & wav+ trunks ar\nd ! m>g91 =m$ a s+ul> & v pretty view4 ,i h be=e allud$ to a crab :i* lives on ! cocoa-nuts2 x is v common on all p>ts ( ! dry l&1 & gr[s to a mon/r\s size3 x is closely alli$ or id5tical ) ! ,birgos latro4 ,! front pair ( legs t]m9ate 9 v /rong & heavy p9c]s1 & ! la/ pair are fitt$ ) o!rs weak] & mu* n>r[]4 ,x w\ld at fir/ be ?\ght q impossible = a crab to op5 a /rong cocoa-nut cov]$ ) ! husk2 b ,mr4 ,liesk assures me t he has repeat$ly se5 ?is effect$4 ,! crab beg9s by te>+ ! husk1 fibre by fibre1 & always f t end "u :i* ! ?ree eye-holes are situat$2 :5 ?is is complet$1 ! crab comm5ces hamm]+ ) its heavy claws on "o ( ! eye-holes till an op5+ is made4 ,!n turn+ r\nd its body1 by ! aid ( its po/]ior & n>r[ pair ( p9c]s1 x extracts ! :ite album9\s sub/ance4 ,i ?9k ?is is z curi\s a case ( in/9ct z ev] ,i he>d (1 & likewise ( adaptation 9 /ructure betwe5 two objects app>5tly s remote f ea* o!r 9 ! s*eme ( nature1 z a crab & a cocoa-nut tree4 ,! ,birgos is diurnal 9 its habits2 b e night x is said to pay a visit to ! sea1 no d\bt = ! purpose ( moi/5+ its bran*iae4 ,! "y are likewise hat*$1 & live = "s "t1 on ! coa/4 ,^! crabs inhabit deep burr[s1 :i* !y holl[ out b5ea? ! roots ( trees2 & :]e !y accumulate surpris+ quantities ( ! pick$ fibres ( ! cocoa-nut husk1 on :i* !y re/ z on a b$4 ,! ,malays sometimes take advantage ( ?is1 & collect ! fibr\s mass to use z junk4 ,^! crabs are v good to eat2 moreov]1 "u ! tail ( ! l>g] ones !re is a mass ( fat1 :i*1 :5 melt$1 sometimes yields z mu* z a qu>t bottle full ( limpid oil4 ,x has be5 /at$ by "s au?ors t ! ,birgos crawls up ! cocoa-nut trees = ! purpose ( /eal+ ! nuts3 ,i v mu* d\bt ! possibility ( ?is2 b ) ! ,p&anus #h ! task w\ld be v mu* easi]4 ,i 0 told by ,mr4 ,liesk t on ^! isl&s ! ,birgos lives only on ! nuts :i* h fall5 to ! gr\nd4 ,capta9 ,moresby in=ms me t ?is crab inhabits ! ,*agos & ,sey*elle gr\ps1 b n ! neighb\r+ ,maldiva ar*ipelago4 ,x =m]ly ab\nd$ at ,mauritius1 b only a few small ones are n[ f\nd !re4 ,9 ! ,pacific1 ?is species1 or "o ) closely alli$ habits1 is said #i to inhabit a s+le coral isl&1 nor? ( ! ,society gr\p4 ,to %[ ! wond]ful /r5g? ( ! front pair ( p9c]s1 ,i may m5tion1 t ,capta9 ,moresby conf9$ "o 9 a /rong t9-box1 :i* _h held biscuits1 ! lid be+ secur$ ) wire2 b ! crab turn$ d[n ! edges & escap$4 ,9 turn+ d[n ! edges1 x actually pun*$ _m small holes q ?r\gh ! t96 ,i 0 a good deal surpris$ by f9d+ two species ( coral ( ! g5us ,millepora 7,m4 complanata & alcicornis71 possess$ ( ! p[] ( /++4 ,! /ony bran*es or plates1 :5 tak5 fre% f ! wat]1 h a h>% feel & are n slimy1 al?\gh possess+ a /rong & disagreeable smell4 ,! /++ prop]ty seems to v>y 9 diff]5t specim5s3 :5 a piece 0 press$ or rubb$ on ! t5d] sk9 ( ! face or arm1 a prick+ s5sation 0 usually caus$1 :i* came on aft] ! int]val ( a second1 & la/$ only = a few m9utes4 ,"o day1 h[ev]1 by m]ely t\*+ my face ) "o ( ! bran*es1 pa9 0 in/antane\sly caus$2 x increas$ z usual aft] a few seconds1 & rema9+ %>p = "s m9utes1 0 p]ceptible = half an h\r aft]w>ds4 ,! s5sation 0 z bad z t f a nettle1 b m l t caus$ by ! ,physalia or ,portuguese man-(-w>4 ,little r$ spots 7 produc$ on ! t5d] sk9 ( ! arm1 :i* appe>$ z if !y w\ld h =m$ wat]y pu/ules1 b did n4 ,m4 ,quoy m5tions ?is case ( ! ,millepora2 & ,i h he>d ( /++ corals 9 ! ,we/ ,indies4 ,_m m>9e animals seem to h ?is p[] ( /++3 besides ! ,portuguese man-(-w>1 _m jelly-fi%1 & ! ,aplysia or sea-slug ( ! ,cape de ,v]d ,isl&s1 x is /at$ 9 ! voyage ( ! ,a/rolabe1 t an ,act9ia or sea-anemone1 z well z a flexible corall9e alli$ to ,s]tul>ia1 bo? possess ?is means ( (f5ce or def5ce4 ,9 ! ,ea/ ,indian sea1 a /++ sea-we$ is said to be f\nd4 ,two species ( fi%1 ( ! g5us ,sc>us1 :i* are common "h1 exclusively fe$ on coral3 bo? are col\r$ ( a spl5did blui%-gre51 "o liv+ inv>iably 9 ! lagoon1 & ! o!r among/ ! out] break]s4 ,mr4 ,liesk assur$ u1 t he _h repeat$ly se5 :ole %oals graz+ ) _! /rong bony jaws on ! tops ( ! coral bran*es3 ,i op5$ ! inte/9es ( sev]al1 & f\nd !m di/5d$ ) yell[i% calc>e\s s&y mud4 ,! slimy disgu/+ ,holu?uriae 7alli$ to our />-fi%71 :i* ! ,*9ese g\rm&s are s fond (1 also fe$ l>gely1 z ,i am in=m$ by ,dr4 ,allan1 on corals2 & ! bony app>atus )9 _! bodies seems well adapt$ = ?is end4 ,^! ,holu?uriae1 ! fi%1 ! num]\s burr[+ %ells1 & n]eid\s worms1 :i* p]=ate e block ( dead coral1 mu/ be v effici5t ag5ts 9 produc+ ! f9e :ite mud :i* lies at ! bottom & on ! %ores ( ! lagoon4 ,a portion1 h[ev]1 ( ?is mud1 :i* :5 wet resembl$ p\nd$ *alk1 0 f\nd by ,pr(essor ,ehr5b]g to be p>tly compos$ ( silice\s-%ield$ infusoria4 ,april #ab?4--,9 ! morn+ we /ood out ( ! lagoon on our passage to ! ,isle ( ,france4 ,i am glad we h visit$ ^! isl&s3 su* =mations surely rank high among/ ! wond]ful objects ( ?is _w4 ,capta9 ,fitz ,roy f\nd no bottom ) a l9e #gbjj feet 9 l5g?1 at ! di/ance ( only #bbjj y>ds f ! %ore2 h5ce ?is isl& =ms a l(ty subm>9e m\nta91 ) sides /eep] ev5 ?an ^? ( ! mo/ abrupt volcanic cone4 ,! sauc]-%ap$ summit is ne>ly t5 miles across2 & e s+le atom1 #aj f ! lea/ p>ticle to ! l>ge/ fragm5t ( rock1 9 ?is great pile1 :i* h[ev] is small comp>$ ) v _m o!r lagoon-isl&s1 be>s ! /amp ( hav+ be5 subject$ to organic arrangem5t4 ,we feel surprise :5 travell]s tell u ( ! va/ dim5sions ( ! ,pyramids & o!r great ru9s1 b h[ utt]ly insignificant are ! greate/ ( ^!1 :5 comp>$ to ^! m\nta9s ( /one accumulat$ by ! ag5cy ( v>i\s m9ute & t5d] animals6 ,?is is a wond] :i* does n at fir/ /rike ! eye ( ! body1 b1 aft] reflection1 ! eye ( reason4 ,i w n[ give a v brief acc\nt ( ! ?ree great classes ( coral-reefs2 namely1 ,atolls1 ,b>ri]1 & ,fr++-reefs1 & w expla9 my views #aa on _! =mation4 ,almo/ e voyag] :o has cross$ ! ,pacific has express$ 8 unb\nd$ a/oni%m5t at ! lagoon-isl&s1 or z ,i %all = ! future call !m by _! ,indian "n ( atolls1 & has attempt$ "s explanation4 ,ev5 z long ago z ! ye> #afje1 ,pyr>d de ,laval well exclaim$1 ,c'e/ picture une m]veille de voir *acun de ces atollons1 environne d'un gr& banc de pi]re t\t aut\r1 n'y ayant po9t d'artifice huma94 ,! accompany+ sket* ( ,:itsunday ,isl& 9 ! ,pacific1 copi$ f1 ,capt4 ,bee*ey's admirable ,voyage1 gives b a fa9t idea ( ! s+ul> aspect ( an atoll3 x is "o ( ! smalle/ size1 & has its n>r[ islets unit$ toge!r 9 a r+4 ,! imm5sity ( ! ocean1 ! fury ( ! break]s1 contra/$ ) ! l[ness ( ! l& & ! smoo?ness ( ! bright gre5 wat] )9 ! lagoon1 c h>dly be imag9$ )\t hav+ be5 se54 ,! e>li] voyag]s fanci$ t ! coral-build+ animals in/9ctively built up _! great circles to af=d !mselves protection 9 ! inn] p>ts2 b s f> is ?is f ! tru?1 t ^? massive k9ds1 to ^: gr[? on ! expos$ out] %ores ! v exi/5ce ( ! reef dep5ds1 _c live )9 ! lagoon1 :]e o!r delicately-bran*+ k9ds fl\ri%4 ,moreov]1 on ?is view1 _m species ( di/9ct g5]a & families are suppos$ to comb9e = "o end2 & ( su* a comb9ation1 n a s+le in/ance c be f\nd 9 ! :ole ( nature4 ,! !ory t has be5 mo/ g5]ally receiv$ is1 t atolls are bas$ on subm>9e crat]s2 b :5 we consid] ! =m & size ( "s1 ! numb]1 proximity1 & relative positions ( o!rs1 ?is idea loses its plausible "*3 ?us ,suadiva atoll is #dd geographical miles 9 diamet] 9 "o l9e1 by #cd miles 9 ano!r l9e2 ,rimsky is #ed by #bj miles across1 & x has a /rangely s9u\s m>g92 ,b[ atoll is #cj miles long1 & on an av]age only #f 9 wid?2 ,m5*ic(f atoll consi/s ( ?ree atolls unit$ or ti$ toge!r4 ,?is !ory1 moreov]1 is totally inapplicable to ! nor!rn ,maldiva atolls 9 ! ,indian ,ocean 7"o ( :i* is #hh miles 9 l5g?1 & betwe5 #aj & #bj 9 bread?71 = !y are n b\nd$ l ord9>y atolls by n>r[ reefs1 b by a va/ numb] ( sep>ate little atolls2 o!r little atolls ris+ out ( ! great c5tral lagoon-l spaces4 ,a ?ird & bett] !ory 0 advanc$ by ,*amisso1 :o ?\ght t f ! corals gr[+ m vigor\sly :]e expos$ to ! op5 sea1 z und\bt$ly is ! case1 ! out] edges w\ld gr[ up f ! g5]al f\ndation be=e any o!r "p1 & t ?is w\ld acc\nt = ! r+ or cup-%ap$ /ructure4 ,b we %all imm$iately see1 t 9 ?is1 z well z 9 ! crat]-!ory1 a mo/ important consid]ation has be5 ov]look$1 namely1 on :at h ! reef-build+ corals1 :i* _c live at a great dep?1 bas$ _! massive /ructures8 ,num]\s s\nd+s 7 c>efully tak5 by ,capta9 ,fitz ,roy on ! /eep outside ( ,keel+ atoll1 & x 0 f\nd t )9 t5 fa?oms1 ! prep>$ tall[ at ! bottom ( ! lead1 inv>iably came up m>k$ ) ! impression ( liv+ corals1 b z p]fectly clean z if x _h be5 dropp$ on a c>pet ( turf2 z ! dep? increas$1 ! impressions became less num]\s1 b ! adh]+ p>ticles ( s& m & m num]\s1 until at la/ x 0 evid5t t ! bottom consi/$ ( a smoo? s&y lay]3 to c>ry on ! analogy ( ! turf1 ! blades ( grass grew ?9n] & ?9n]1 till at la/ ! soil 0 s /]ile1 t no?+ sprang f x4 ,f ^! obs]vations1 confirm$ by _m o!rs1 x may be safely inf]r$ t ! utmo/ dep? at :i* corals c con/ruct reefs is betwe5 #bj & #cj fa?oms4 ,n[ !re are enorm\s areas 9 ! ,pacific & ,indian ,ocean1 9 :i* e s+le isl& is ( coral =mation1 & is rais$ only to t height to :i* ! waves c ?r[ up fragm5ts1 & ! w9ds pile up s&4 ,?us ,radack gr\p ( atolls is an irregul> squ>e1 #ebj miles long & #bdj broad2 ! ,l[ ,ar*ipelago is elliptic-=m$1 #hdj miles 9 its long]1 & #dbj 9 its %ort] axis3 !re are o!r small gr\ps & s+le l[ isl&s betwe5 ^! two ar*ipelagoes1 mak+ a l9e> space ( ocean actually m ?an #djjj miles 9 l5g?1 9 :i* n "o s+le isl& rises above ! specifi$ height4 ,aga91 9 ! ,indian ,ocean !re is a space ( ocean #aejj miles 9 l5g?1 includ+ ?ree ar*ipelagoes1 9 :i* e isl& is l[ & ( coral =mation4 ,f ! fact ( ! reef-build+ corals n liv+ at great dep?s1 x is absolutely c]ta9 t ?r\gh\t ^! va/ areas1 :]ev] !re is n[ an atoll1 a f\ndation mu/ h orig9ally exi/$ )9 a dep? ( f #bj to #cj fa?oms f ! surface4 ,x is improbable 9 ! highe/ degree t broad1 l(ty1 isolat$1 /eep-sid$ banks ( s$im5t1 arrang$ 9 gr\ps & l9es hundr$s ( leagues 9 l5g?1 c\ld h be5 deposit$ 9 ! c5tral & pr(\nde/ p>ts ( ! ,pacific & ,indian ,oceans1 at an imm5se di/ance f any cont95t1 & :]e ! wat] is p]fectly limpid4 ,x is equally improbable t ! elevatory =ces %\ld h uplift$ ?r\gh\t ! above va/ areas1 innum]able great rocky banks )9 #bj to #cj fa?oms1 or #abj to #ahj feet1 ( ! surface ( ! sea1 & n "o s+le po9t above t level2 = :]e on ! :ole surface ( ! globe c we f9d a s+le *a9 ( m\nta9s1 ev5 a few hundr$ miles 9 l5g?1 ) _! _m summits ris+ )9 a few feet ( a giv5 level1 & n "o p9nacle above x8 ,if !n ! f\ndations1 :5ce ! atoll-build+ corals sprang1 7 n =m$ ( s$im5t1 & if !y 7 n lift$ up to ! requir$ level1 !y mu/ ( necessity h subsid$ into x2 & ?is at once solves ! difficulty4 ,= z m\nta9 aft] m\nta91 & isl& aft] isl&1 sl[ly sank b5ea? ! wat]1 fre% bases w\ld be successively af=d$ = ! gr[? ( ! corals4 ,x is impossible "h to ent] into all ! necess>y details1 b ,i v5ture to defy #ab any "o to expla9 9 any o!r mann] h[ x is possible t num]\s isl&s %\ld be di/ribut$ ?r\gh\t va/ areas--all ! isl&s be+ l[--all be+ built ( corals1 absolutely requir+ a f\ndation )9 a limit$ dep? f ! surface4 ,be=e expla9+ h[ atoll-=m$ reefs acquire _! peculi> /ructure1 we mu/ turn to ! second great class1 namely1 ,b>ri]-reefs4 ,^! ei!r ext5d 9 /raight l9es 9 front ( ! %ores ( a cont95t or ( a l>ge isl&1 or !y encircle small] isl&s2 9 bo? cases1 be+ sep>at$ f ! l& by a broad & r deep *annel ( wat]1 analog\s to ! lagoon )9 an atoll4 ,x is rem>kable h[ little att5tion has be5 paid to encircl+ b>ri]-reefs2 yet !y are truly wond]ful /ructures4 ,! foll[+ sket* repres5ts "p ( ! b>ri] encircl+ ! isl& ( ,bolabola 9 ! ,pacific1 z se5 f "o ( ! c5tral peaks4 ,9 ?is in/ance ! :ole l9e ( reef has be5 conv]t$ into l&2 b usually a sn[-:ite l9e ( great break]s1 ) only "h & !re a s+le l[ islet cr[n$ ) cocoa-nut trees1 divides ! d>k heav+ wat]s ( ! ocean f ! light-gre5 expanse ( ! lagoon-*annel4 ,& ! quiet wat]s ( ?is *annel g5]ally ba! a fr+e ( l[ alluvial soil1 load$ ) ! mo/ beautiful productions ( ! tropics1 & ly+ at ! foot ( ! wild1 abrupt1 c5tral m\nta9s4 ,encircl+ b>ri]-reefs are ( all sizes1 f ?ree miles to no less ?an =ty-f\r miles 9 diamet]2 & t :i* fronts "o side1 & encircles bo? ends1 ( ,new ,cal$onia1 is #djj miles long4 ,ea* reef includes "o1 two1 or sev]al rocky isl&s ( v>i\s heights2 & 9 "o in/ance1 ev5 z _m z twelve sep>ate isl&s4 ,! reef runs at a great] or less di/ance f ! includ$ l&2 9 ! ,society ar*ipelago g5]ally f "o to ?ree or f\r miles2 b at ,hogoleu ! reef is #bj miles on ! s\!rn side1 & #ad miles on ! opposite or nor!rn side1 f ! includ$ isl&s4 ,! dep? )9 ! lagoon-*annel also v>ies mu*2 f #aj to #cj fa?oms may be tak5 z an av]age2 b at ,vanikoro !re are spaces no less ?an #ef fa?oms or #cfc feet deep4 ,int]nally ! reef ei!r slopes g5tly into ! lagoon-*annel1 or ends 9 a p]p5dicul> wall sometimes betwe5 two & ?ree hundr$ feet "u wat] 9 height3 ext]nally ! reef rises1 l an atoll1 ) extreme abruptness out ( ! pr(\nd dep?s ( ! ocean4 ,:at c be m s+ul> ?an ^! /ructures8 ,we see picture an isl&1 :i* may be comp>$ to a ca/le situat$ on ! summit ( a l(ty subm>9e m\nta91 protect$ by a great wall ( coral-rock1 always /eep ext]nally & sometimes int]nally1 ) a broad level summit1 "h & !re brea*$ by a n>r[ gateway1 ?r\gh :i* ! l>ge/ %ips c ent] ! wide & deep encircl+ moat4 ,z f> z ! actual reef ( coral is conc]n$1 !re is n ! smalle/ diff]5ce1 9 g5]al size1 outl9e1 gr\p+1 & ev5 9 q trifl+ details ( /ructure1 betwe5 a b>ri] & an atoll4 ,! geograph] ,balbi has well rem>k$1 t an encircl$ isl& is an atoll ) high l& ris+ out ( its lagoon2 remove ! l& f )91 & a p]fect atoll is left4 ,b :at has caus$ ^! reefs to spr+ up at su* great di/ances f ! %ores ( ! includ$ isl&s8 ,x _c be t ! corals w n gr[ close to ! l&2 = ! %ores )9 ! lagoon-*annel1 :5 n surr\nd$ by alluvial soil1 are (t5 fr+$ by liv+ reefs2 & we %all pres5tly see t !re is a :ole class1 :i* ,i h call$ ,fr++ ,reefs f _! close atta*m5t to ! %ores bo? ( cont95ts & ( isl&s4 ,aga91 on :at h ! reef-build+ corals1 :i* _c live at great dep?s1 bas$ _! encircl+ /ructures8 ,?is is a great app>5t difficulty1 analog\s to t 9 ! case ( atolls1 :i* has g5]ally be5 ov]look$4 ,x w be p]ceiv$ m cle>ly by inspect+ ! foll[+ sections :i* are real ones1 tak5 9 nor? & s\? l9es1 ?r\gh ! isl&s ) _! b>ri]-reefs1 ( ,vanikoro1 ,gambi]1 & ,maurua2 & !y are laid d[n1 bo? v]tically & horizontally1 on ! same scale ( a qu>t] ( an in* to a mile4 ,x %\ld be obs]v$ t ! sections might h be5 tak5 9 any direction ?r\gh ^! isl&s1 or ?r\gh picture _m o!r encircl$ isl&s1 & ! g5]al features w\ld h be5 ! same4 ,n[1 be>+ 9 m9d t reef-build+ coral _c live at a great] dep? ?an f #bj to #cj fa?oms1 & t ! scale is s small t ! plummets on ! "r h& %[ a dep? ( #bjj fa?oms1 on :at are ^! b>ri]-reefs bas$8 ,are we to suppose t ea* isl& is surr\nd$ by a coll>-l subm>9e l$ge ( rock1 or by a great bank ( s$im5t1 end+ abruptly :]e ! reef ends8 ,if ! sea _h =m]ly eat5 deeply into ! isl&s1 be=e !y 7 protect$ by ! reefs1 ?us hav+ left a %all[ l$ge r\nd !m "u wat]1 ! pres5t %ores w\ld h be5 inv>iably b\nd$ by great precipices1 b ?is is mo/ r>ely ! case4 ,moreov]1 on ?is notion1 x is n possible to expla9 :y ! corals %\ld h sprung up1 l a wall1 f ! extreme out] m>g9 ( ! l$ge1 (t5 leav+ a broad space ( wat] )91 too deep = ! gr[? ( corals4 ,! accumulation ( a wide bank ( s$im5t all r\nd ^! isl&s1 & g5]ally wide/ :]e ! includ$ isl&s are smalle/1 is highly improbable1 consid]+ _! expos$ positions 9 ! c5tral & deepe/ p>ts ( ! ocean4 ,9 ! case ( ! b>ri]-reef ( ,new ,cal$onia1 :i* ext5ds = #aej miles beyond ! nor!rn po9t ( ! isl&s1 9 ! same /raight l9e ) :i* x fronts ! we/ coa/1 x is h>dly possible to believe t a bank ( s$im5t c\ld ?us h be5 /raightly deposit$ 9 front ( a l(ty isl&1 & s f> beyond its t]m9ation 9 ! op5 sea4 ,f9ally1 if we look to o!r oceanic isl&s ( ab\t ! same height & ( simil> geological con/itution1 b n encircl$ by coral-reefs1 we may 9 va9 se>* = s trifl+ a circumambi5t dep? z #cj fa?oms1 except q ne> to _! %ores2 = usually l& t rises abruptly out ( wat]1 z d mo/ ( ! encircl$ & non-encircl$ oceanic isl&s1 plunges abruptly "u x4 ,on :at !n1 ,i repeat1 are ^! b>ri] reefs bas$8 ,:y1 ) _! wide & deep moat-l *annels1 d !y /& s f> f ! includ$ l&8 ,we %all soon see h[ easily ^! difficulties disappe>4 ,we come n[ to our ?ird class ( ,fr++-reefs1 :i* w require a v %ort notice4 ,:]e ! l& slopes abruptly "u wat]1 ^! reefs are only a few y>ds 9 wid?1 =m+ a m]e ribbon or fr+e r\nd ! %ores3 :]e ! l& slopes g5tly "u ! wat] ! reef ext5ds fur!r1 sometimes ev5 z mu* z a mile f ! l&2 b 9 su* cases ! s\nd+s outside ! reef always %[ t ! subm>9e prolongation ( ! l& is g5tly incl9$4 ,9 fact1 ! reefs ext5d only to t di/ance f ! %ore1 at :i* a f\ndation )9 ! requisite dep? f #bj to #cj fa?oms is f\nd4 ,z f> z ! actual reef is conc]n$1 !re is no ess5tial diff]5ce betwe5 x & t =m+ a b>ri] or an atoll3 x is1 h[ev]1 g5]ally ( less wid?1 & consequ5tly few islets h be5 =m$ on x4 ,f ! corals gr[+ m vigor\sly on ! outside1 & f ! noxi\s effect ( ! s$im5t wa%$ inw>ds1 ! out] edge ( ! reef is ! highe/ "p1 & betwe5 x & ! l& !re is g5]ally a %all[ s&y *annel a few feet 9 dep?4 ,:]e banks or s$im5ts h accumulat$ ne> to ! surface1 z 9 p>ts ( ! ,we/ ,indies1 !y sometimes become fr+$ ) corals1 & h5ce 9 "s degree resemble lagoon-isl&s or atolls1 9 ! same mann] z fr++-reefs1 surr\nd+ g5tly slop+ isl&s1 9 "s degree resemble b>ri]-reefs4 ,no !ory on ! =mation ( coral-reefs c be consid]$ satisfactory :i* does n include ! ?ree great picture classes4 ,we h se5 t we are driv5 to believe 9 ! subsid5ce ( ^? va/ areas1 int]sp]s$ ) l[ isl&s1 ( :i* n "o rises above ! height to :i* ! w9d & waves c ?r[ up matt]1 & yet are con/ruct$ by animals requir+ a f\ndation1 & t f\ndation to lie at no great dep?4 ,let u !n take an isl& surr\nd$ by fr++-reefs1 :i* (f] no difficulty 9 _! /ructure2 & let ?is isl& ) its reefs1 repres5t$ by ! unbrok5 l9es 9 ! woodcut1 sl[ly subside4 ,n[1 z ! isl& s9ks d[n1 ei!r a few feet at a "t or q ins5sibly1 we may safely inf]1 f :at is kn[n ( ! conditions fav\rable to ! gr[? ( coral1 t ! liv+ masses1 ba!d by ! surf on ! m>g9 ( ! reef1 w soon rega9 ! surface4 ,! wat]1 h[ev]1 w encroa* little by little on ! %ore1 ! isl& becom+ l[] & small]1 & ! space betwe5 ! inn] edge ( ! reef & ! bea* proportionately broad]4 ,a section ( ! reef & isl& 9 ?is /ate1 aft] a subsid5ce ( sev]al hundr$ feet1 is giv5 by ! dott$ l9es4 ,coral islets are suppos$ to h be5 =m$ on ! reef2 & a %ip is an*or$ 9 ! lagoon-*annel4 ,?is *annel w be m or less deep1 accord+ to ! rate ( subsid5ce1 to ! am\nt ( s$im5t accumulat$ 9 x1 & to ! gr[? ( ! delicately bran*$ corals :i* c live !re4 ,! section 9 ?is /ate resembles 9 e respect "o drawn ?r\gh an encircl$ isl&3 9 fact1 x is a real section 7on ! scale ( 4#eag ( an in* to a mile7 ?r\gh ,bolabola 9 ! ,pacific4 ,we c n[ at once see :y encircl+ b>ri]-reefs /& s f> f ! %ores :i* !y front4 ,we c also p]ceive1 t a l9e drawn p]p5dicul>ly d[n f ! out] edge ( ! new reef1 to ! f\ndation ( solid rock b5ea? ! old fr++-reef1 w exce$ by z _m feet z !re h be5 feet ( subsid5ce1 t small limit ( dep? at :i* ! effective corals c live3--! little ar*itects hav+ built up _! great wall-l mass1 z ! :ole sank d[n1 ^u a basis =m$ ( o!r corals & _! consolidat$ fragm5ts4 ,?us ! difficulty on ?is head1 :i* appe>$ s great1 disappe>s4 ,if1 in/ead ( an isl&1 we _h tak5 ! %ore ( a cont95t fr+$ ) reefs1 & _h imag9$ x to h subsid$1 a great /raight b>ri]1 l t ( ,au/ralia or ,new ,cal$onia1 sep>at$ f ! l& by a wide & deep *annel1 w\ld evid5tly h be5 ! result4 ,let u take our new encircl+ b>ri]-reef1 ( :i* ! section is n[ repres5t$ by unbrok5 l9es1 & :i*1 z ,i h said1 is a real section ?r\gh ,bolabola1 & let x g on subsid+4 ,z ! b>ri]-reef sl[ly s9ks d[n1 ! corals w g on vigor\sly gr[+ upw>ds2 b z ! isl& s9ks1 ! wat] w ga9 in* by in* on ! %ore--! sep>ate m\nta9s fir/ =m+ sep>ate isl&s )9 picture "o great reef--& f9ally1 ! la/ & highe/ p9nacle disappe>+4 ,! in/ant ?is takes place1 a p]fect atoll is =m$3 ,i h said1 remove ! high l& f )9 an encircl+ b>ri]-reef1 & an atoll is left1 & ! l& has be5 remov$4 ,we c n[ p]ceive h[ x comes t atolls1 hav+ sprung f encircl+ b>ri]-reefs1 resemble !m 9 g5]al size1 =m1 9 ! mann] 9 :i* !y are gr\p$ toge!r1 & 9 _! arrangem5t 9 s+le or d\ble l9es2 = !y may be call$ rude outl9e *>ts ( ! sunk5 isl&s ov] :i* !y /&4 ,we c fur!r see h[ x arises t ! atolls 9 ! ,pacific & ,indian ,oceans ext5d 9 l9es p>allel to ! g5]ally prevail+ /rike ( ! high isl&s & great coa/-l9es ( ^? oceans4 ,i v5ture1 !re=e1 to affirm1 t on ! !ory ( ! upw>d gr[? ( ! corals dur+ ! s9k+ ( ! l&1 #ac all ! lead+ features 9 ^? wond]ful /ructures1 ! lagoon-isl&s or atolls1 :i* h s long excit$ ! att5tion ( voyag]s1 z well z 9 ! no less wond]ful b>ri]-reefs1 :e!r encircl+ small isl&s or /ret*+ = hundr$s ( miles along ! %ores ( a cont95t1 are simply expla9$4 ,x may be ask$1 :e!r ,i c (f] any direct evid5ce ( ! subsid5ce ( b>ri]-reefs or atolls2 b x mu/ be borne 9 m9d h[ difficult x mu/ ev] be to detect a movem5t1 ! t5d5cy ( :i* is to hide "u wat] ! "p affect$4 ,nev]!less1 at ,keel+ atoll ,i obs]v$ on all sides ( ! lagoon old cocoa-nut trees und]m9$ & fall+2 & 9 "o place ! f\ndation-po/s ( a %$1 :i* ! inhabitants ass]t$ _h /ood sev5 ye>s be=e j above high-wat] m>k1 b n[ 0 daily wa%$ by e tide3 on inquiry ,i f\nd t ?ree e>?quakes1 "o ( !m sev]e1 _h be5 felt "h dur+ ! la/ t5 ye>s4 ,at ,vanikoro1 ! lagoon-*annel is rem>kably deep1 sc>cely any alluvial soil has accumulat$ at ! foot ( ! l(ty includ$ m\nta9s1 & rem>kably few islets h be5 =m$ by ! heap+ ( fragm5ts & s& on ! wall-l b>ri] reef2 ^! facts1 & "s analog\s ones1 l$ me to believe t ?is isl& mu/ lately h subsid$ & ! reef gr[n upw>ds3 "h aga9 e>?quakes are frequ5t & v sev]e4 ,9 ! ,society ar*ipelago1 on ! o!r h&1 :]e ! lagoon-*annels are almo/ *ok$ up1 :]e mu* l[ alluvial l& has accumulat$1 & :]e 9 "s cases long islets h be5 =m$ on ! b>ri]-reefs--facts all %[+ t ! isl&s h n v lately subsid$--only feeble %ocks are mo/ r>ely felt4 ,9 ^! coral =mations1 :]e ! l& & wat] seem /ruggl+ = ma/]y1 x mu/ be ev] difficult to decide betwe5 ! effects ( a *ange 9 ! set ( ! tides & ( a slight subsid5ce3 t _m ( ^! reefs & atolls are subject to *anges ( "s k9d is c]ta92 on "s atolls ! islets appe> to h increas$ greatly )9 a late p]iod2 on o!rs !y h be5 p>tially or :olly wa%$ away4 ,! inhabitants ( p>ts ( ! ,maldiva ar*ipelago "k ! date ( ! fir/ =mation ( "s islets2 9 o!r p>ts1 ! corals are n[ fl\ri%+ on wat]-wa%$ reefs1 :]e holes made = graves atte/ ! =m] exi/5ce ( inhabit$ l&4 ,x is difficult to believe 9 frequ5t *anges 9 ! tidal curr5ts ( an op5 ocean2 :]eas1 we h 9 ! e>?quakes record$ by ! natives on "s atolls1 & 9 ! great fissures obs]v$ on o!r atolls1 pla9 evid5ce ( *anges & di/urbances 9 progress 9 ! subt]ranean regions4 ,x is evid5t1 on our !ory1 t coa/s m]ely fr+$ by reefs _c h subsid$ to any p]ceptible am\nt2 & !re=e !y mu/1 s9ce ! gr[? ( _! corals1 ei!r h rema9$ /ation>y or h be5 upheav$4 ,n[1 x is rem>kable h[ g5]ally x c be %[n1 by ! pres5ce ( uprais$ organic rema9s1 t ! fr+$ isl&s h be5 elevat$3 & s f>1 ?is is indirect evid5ce 9 fav\r ( our !ory4 ,i 0 p>ticul>ly /ruck ) ?is fact1 :5 ,i f\nd1 to my surprise1 t ! descriptions giv5 by ,,mm4 ,quoy & ,gaim>d 7 applicable1 n to reefs 9 g5]al z impli$ by !m1 b only to ^? ( ! fr++ class2 my surprise1 h[ev]1 ceas$ :5 ,i aft]w>ds f\nd t1 by a /range *ance1 all ! sev]al isl&s visit$ by ^! em95t naturali/s1 c\ld be %[n by _! own /atem5ts to h be5 elevat$ )9 a rec5t geological era4 ,n only ! gr& features 9 ! /ructure ( b>ri]-reefs & ( atolls1 & to _! lik5ess to ea* o!r 9 =m1 size1 & o!r *>act]s1 are expla9$ on ! !ory ( subsid5ce--:i* !ory we are indep5d5tly =c$ to admit 9 ! v areas 9 "q1 f ! necessity ( f9d+ bases = ! corals )9 ! requisite dep?--b _m details 9 /ructure & exceptional cases c ?us also be simply expla9$4 ,i w give only a few in/ances4 ,9 b>ri]-reefs x has long be5 rem>k$ ) surprise1 t ! passages ?r\gh ! reef exactly face valleys 9 ! includ$ l&1 ev5 9 cases :]e ! reef is sep>at$ f ! l& by a lagoon-*annel s wide & s mu* deep] ?an ! actual passage itself1 t x seems h>dly possible t ! v small quantity ( wat] or s$im5t br\ght d[n c\ld injure ! corals on ! reef4 ,n[1 e reef ( ! fr++ class is brea*$ by a n>r[ gateway 9 front ( ! smalle/ rivulet1 ev5 if dry dur+ ! great] "p ( ! ye>1 = ! mud1 s&1 or gravel1 occasionally wa%$ d[n kills ! corals on :i* x is deposit$4 ,consequ5tly1 :5 an isl& ?us fr+$ subsides1 ?\gh mo/ ( ! n>r[ gateways w probably become clos$ by ! outw>d & upw>d gr[? ( ! corals1 yet any t are n clos$ 7& "s mu/ always be kept op5 by ! s$im5t & impure wat] fl[+ out ( ! lagoon-*annel7 w /ill cont9ue to front exactly ! upp] p>ts ( ^? valleys1 at ! m\?s ( :i* ! orig9al basal fr++-reef 0 brea*$4 ,we c easily see h[ an isl& front$ only on "o side1 or on "o side ) "o end or bo? ends encircl$ by b>ri]-reefs1 might aft] long-cont9u$ subsid5ce be conv]t$ ei!r into a s+le wall-l reef1 or into an atoll ) a great /raight spur project+ f x1 or into two or ?ree atolls ti$ toge!r by /raight reefs--all ( :i* exceptional cases actually occur4 ,z ! reef-build+ corals require food1 are prey$ ^u by o!r animals1 are kill$ by s$im5t1 _c adh]e to a loose bottom1 & may be easily c>ri$ d[n to a dep? :5ce !y _c spr+ up aga91 we ne$ feel no surprise at ! reefs bo? ( atolls & b>ri]s becom+ 9 p>ts imp]fect4 ,! great b>ri] ( ,new ,cal$onia is ?us imp]fect & brok5 9 _m p>ts2 h5ce1 aft] long subsid5ce1 ?is great reef w\ld n produce "o great atoll #djj miles 9 l5g?1 b a *a9 or ar*ipelago ( atolls1 ( v ne>ly ! same dim5sion ) ^? 9 ! ,maldiva ar*ipelago4 ,moreov]1 9 an atoll once brea*$ on opposite sides1 f ! likelihood ( ! oceanic & tidal curr5ts pass+ /raight ?r\gh ! brea*es1 x is extremely improbable t ! corals1 especially dur+ cont9u$ subsid5ce1 w\ld ev] be able aga9 to unite ! rim2 if !y did n1 z ! :ole sank d[nw>ds1 "o atoll w\ld be divid$ into two or m4 ,9 ! ,maldiva ar*ipelago !re are di/9ct atolls s relat$ to ea* o!r 9 position1 & sep>at$ by *annels ei!r unfa?omable or v deep 7! *annel betwe5 ,ross & ,ari atolls is #aej fa?oms1 & t betwe5 ! nor? & s\? ,nill&oo atolls is #bjj fa?oms 9 dep?71 t x is impossible to look at a map ( !m )\t believ+ t !y 7 once m intimately relat$4 ,& 9 ?is same ar*ipelago1 ,mahlos-,mahdoo atoll is divid$ by a bifurcat+ *annel f #ajj to #acb fa?oms 9 dep?1 9 su* a mann]1 t x is sc>cely possible to say :e!r x ought /rictly to be call$ ?ree sep>ate atolls1 or "o great atoll n yet f9ally divid$4 ,i w n ent] on _m m details2 b ,i mu/ rem>k t ! curi\s /ructure ( ! nor!rn ,maldiva atolls receives 7tak+ into consid]ation ! free entrance ( ! sea ?r\gh _! brok5 m>g9s7 a simple explanation 9 ! upw>d & outw>d gr[? ( ! corals1 orig9ally bas$ bo? on small deta*$ reefs 9 _! lagoons1 su* z occur 9 common atolls1 & on brok5 portions ( ! l9e> m>g9al reef1 su* z b\nds e atoll ( ! ord9>y =m4 ,i _c refra9 f once aga9 rem>k+ on ! s+ul>ity ( ^! complex /ructures--a great s&y & g5]ally concave disk rises abruptly f ! unfa?omable ocean1 ) its c5tral expanse /udd$1 & its edge symmetrically bord]$ ) oval bas9s ( coral-rock j lipp+ ! surface ( ! sea1 sometimes clo!d ) vegetation1 & ea* conta9+ a lake ( cle> wat]6 ,"o m po9t 9 detail3 z 9 ! two neighb\r+ ar*ipelagoes corals fl\ri% 9 "o & n 9 ! o!r1 & z s _m conditions be=e enum]at$ mu/ affect _! exi/5ce1 x w\ld be an inexplicable fact if1 dur+ ! *anges to :i* e>?1 air1 & wat] are subject$1 ! reef-build+ corals 7 to keep alive = p]petuity on any "o spot or area4 ,& z by our !ory ! areas includ+ atolls & b>ri]-reefs are subsid+1 we ought occasionally to f9d reefs bo? dead & subm]g$4 ,9 all reefs1 ow+ to ! s$im5t be+ wa%$ out ( ! lagoon-*annel to leew>d1 t side is lea/ fav\rable to ! long-cont9u$ vigor\s gr[? ( ! corals2 h5ce dead portions ( reef n unfrequ5tly occur on ! leew>d side2 & ^!1 ?\gh /ill reta9+ _! prop] wall-l =m1 are n[ 9 sev]al in/ances sunk sev]al fa?oms b5ea? ! surface4 ,! ,*agos gr\p appe>s f "s cause1 possibly f ! subsid5ce hav+ be5 too rapid1 at pres5t to be mu* less fav\rably circum/anc$ = ! gr[? ( reefs ?an =m]ly3 "o atoll has a portion ( its m>g9al reef1 n9e miles 9 l5g?1 dead & subm]g$2 a second has only a few q small liv+ po9ts :i* rise to ! surface1 a ?ird & f\r? are entirely dead & subm]g$2 a fif? is a m]e wreck1 ) its /ructure almo/ oblit]at$4 ,x is rem>kable t 9 all ^! cases1 ! dead reefs & portions ( reef lie at ne>ly ! same dep?1 namely1 f six to eight fa?oms b5ea? ! surface1 z if !y _h be5 c>ri$ d[n by "o uni=m movem5t4 ,"o ( ^! half-dr[n$ atolls1 s call$ by ,capt4 ,moresby 7to :om ,i am indebt$ = mu* invaluable in=mation71 is ( va/ size1 namely1 n9ety nautical miles across 9 "o direction1 & sev5ty miles 9 ano!r l9e2 & is 9 _m respects em95tly curi\s4 ,z by our !ory x foll[s t new atolls w g5]ally be =m$ 9 ea* new area ( subsid5ce1 two weighty objections might h be5 rais$1 namely1 t atolls mu/ be increas+ indef9itely 9 numb]2 & secondly1 t 9 old areas ( subsid5ce ea* sep>ate atoll mu/ be increas+ indef9itely 9 ?ickness1 if pro(s ( _! occasional de/ruction c\ld n h be5 adduc$4 ,?us h we trac$ ! hi/ory ( ^! great r+s ( coral-rock1 f _! fir/ orig9 ?r\gh _! normal *anges1 & ?r\gh ! occasional accid5ts ( _! exi/5ce1 to _! dea? & f9al oblit]ation4 ,9 my volume on ,coral ,=mations ,i h publi%$ a map1 9 :i* ,i h col\r$ all ! atolls d>k-blue1 ! b>ri]-reefs pale-blue1 & ! fr++ reefs r$4 ,^! latt] reefs h be5 =m$ :il/ ! l& has be5 /ation>y1 or1 z appe>s f ! frequ5t pres5ce ( uprais$ organic rema9s1 :il/ x has be5 sl[ly ris+3 atolls & b>ri]-reefs1 on ! o!r h&1 h gr[n up dur+ ! directly opposite movem5t ( subsid5ce1 :i* movem5t mu/ h be5 v gradual1 & 9 ! case ( atolls s va/ 9 am\nt z to h buri$ e m\nta9-summit ov] wide ocean-spaces4 ,n[ 9 ?is map we see t ! reefs t9t$ pale & d>k-blue1 :i* h be5 produc$ by ! same ord] ( movem5t1 z a g5]al rule manife/ly /& ne> ea* o!r4 ,aga9 we see1 t ! areas ) ! two blue t9ts are ( wide ext5t2 & t !y lie sep>ate f ext5sive l9es ( coa/ col\r$ r$1 bo? ( :i* circum/ances might naturally h be5 inf]r$1 on ! !ory ( ! nature ( ! reefs hav+ be5 gov]n$ by ! nature ( ! e>?'s movem5t4 ,x des]ves notice t 9 m ?an "o in/ance :]e s+le r$ & blue circles approa* ne> ea* o!r1 ,i c %[ t !re h be5 oscillations ( level2 = 9 su* cases ! r$ or fr+$ circles consi/ ( atolls1 orig9ally by our !ory =m$ dur+ subsid5ce1 b subsequ5tly upheav$2 & on ! o!r h&1 "s ( ! pale-blue or encircl$ isl&s are compos$ ( coral-rock1 :i* mu/ h be5 uplift$ to its pres5t height be=e t subsid5ce took place1 dur+ :i* ! exi/+ b>ri]-reefs grew upw>ds4 ,au?ors h notic$ ) surprise1 t al?\gh atolls are ! commone/ coral-/ructures ?r\gh\t "s enorm\s oceanic tracts1 !y are entirely abs5t 9 o!r seas1 z 9 ! ,we/ ,indies3 we c n[ at once p]ceive ! cause1 = :]e !re has n be5 subsid5ce1 atolls _c h be5 =m$2 & 9 ! case ( ! ,we/ ,indies & p>ts ( ! ,ea/ ,indies1 ^! tracts are kn[n to h be5 ris+ )9 ! rec5t p]iod4 ,! l>g] areas1 col\r$ r$ & blue1 are all elongat$2 & betwe5 ! two col\rs !re is a degree ( rude alt]nation1 z if ! ris+ ( "o _h balanc$ ! s9k+ ( ! o!r4 ,tak+ into consid]ation ! pro(s ( rec5t elevation bo? on ! fr+$ coa/s & on "s o!rs 7= in/ance1 9 ,s\? ,am]ica7 :]e !re are no reefs1 we are l$ to conclude t ! great cont95ts are = ! mo/ "p ris+ areas3 & f ! nature ( ! coral-reefs1 t ! c5tral p>ts ( ! great oceans are s9k+ areas4 ,! ,ea/ ,indian ar*ipelago1 ! mo/ brok5 l& 9 ! _w1 is 9 mo/ p>ts an area ( elevation1 b surr\nd$ & p5etrat$1 probably 9 m l9es ?an "o1 by n>r[ areas ( subsid5ce4 ,i h m>k$ ) v]milion spots all ! _m kn[n active volcanos )9 ! limits ( ?is same map4 ,_! entire abs5ce f e "o ( ! great subsid+ areas1 col\r$ ei!r pale or d>k blue1 is mo/ /rik+ & n less s is ! co9cid5ce ( ! *ief volcanic *a9s ) ! p>ts col\r$ r$1 :i* we are l$ to conclude h ei!r long rema9$ /ation>y1 or m g5]ally h be5 rec5tly uprais$4 ,al?\gh a few ( ! v]milion spots occur )9 no great di/ance ( s+le circles t9t$ blue1 yet n "o s+le active volcano is situat$ )9 sev]al hundr$ miles ( an ar*ipelago1 or ev5 small gr\p ( atolls4 ,x is1 !re=e1 a /rik+ fact t 9 ! ,fri5dly ar*ipelago1 :i* consi/s ( a gr\p ( atolls upheav$ & s9ce p>tially worn d[n1 two volcanos1 & p]haps m1 are hi/orically kn[n to h be5 9 action4 ,on ! o!r h&1 al?\gh mo/ ( ! isl&s 9 ! ,pacific :i* are encircl$ by b>ri]-reefs1 are ( volcanic orig91 (t5 ) ! remnants ( crat]s /ill di/+ui%able1 n "o ( !m is kn[n to h ev] be5 9 eruption4 ,h5ce 9 ^! cases x w\ld appe>1 t volcanos bur/ =? into action & become ext+ui%$ on ! same spots1 accord+ly z elevatory or subsid+ movem5ts prevail !re4 ,numb]less facts c\ld be adduc$ to prove t uprais$ organic rema9s are common :]ev] !re are active volcanos2 b until x c\ld be %[n t 9 areas ( subsid5ce1 volcanos 7 ei!r abs5t or inactive1 ! inf]5ce1 h[ev] probable 9 itself1 t _! di/ribution dep5d$ on ! ris+ or fall+ ( ! e>?'s surface1 w\ld h be5 haz>d\s4 ,b n[1 ,i ?9k1 we may freely admit ?is important d$uction4 ,tak+ a f9al view ( ! map1 & be>+ 9 m9d ! /atem5ts made ) respect to ! uprais$ organic rema9s1 we mu/ feel a/oni%$ at ! va/ness ( ! areas1 :i* h suff]$ *anges 9 level ei!r d[nw>ds or upw>ds1 )9 a p]iod n geologically remote4 ,x w\ld appe> also1 t ! elevatory & subsid+ movem5ts foll[ ne>ly ! same laws4 ,?r\gh\t ! spaces int]sp]s$ ) atolls1 :]e n a s+le peak ( high l& has be5 left above ! level ( ! sea1 ! s9k+ mu/ h be5 imm5se 9 am\nt4 ,! s9k+1 moreov]1 :e!r cont9u\s1 or recurr5t ) int]vals suffici5tly long = ! corals aga9 to br+ up _! liv+ edifices to ! surface1 mu/ necess>ily h be5 extremely sl[4 ,?is conclusion is probably ! mo/ important "o :i* c be d$uc$ f ! /udy ( coral =mations2--& x is "o :i* x is difficult to imag9e h[ o!rwise c\ld ev] h be5 arriv$ at4 ,nor c ,i q pass ov] ! probability ( ! =m] exi/5ce ( l>ge ar*ipelagoes ( l(ty isl&s1 :]e n[ only r+s ( coral-rock sc>cely break ! op5 expanse ( ! sea1 ?r[+ "s light on ! di/ribution ( ! inhabitants ( ! o!r high isl&s1 n[ left /&+ s imm5sely remote f ea* o!r 9 ! mid/ ( ! great oceans4 ,! reef-con/ruct+ corals h inde$ re>$ & pres]v$ wond]ful memorials ( ! subt]ranean oscillations ( level2 we see 9 ea* b>ri]-reef a pro( t ! l& has !re subsid$1 & 9 ea* atoll a monum5t ov] an isl& n[ lo/4 ,we may ?us1 l unto a geologi/ :o _h liv$ 8 t5 ?\s& ye>s & kept a record ( ! pass+ *anges1 ga9 "s insight into ! great sy/em by :i* ! surface ( ?is globe has be5 brok5 up1 & l& & wat] int]*ang$4 #a ,^! ,plants are describ$ 9 ! ,annals ( ,nat4 ,hi/41 vol4 i41 #ahch1 p4 #ccg4 #b ,holman's ,travels1 vol4 iv4 p4 #cgh4 #c ,kotzebue's ,fir/ ,voyage1 vol4 iii4 p4 #aee4 #d ,! ?irte5 species belong to ! foll[+ ord]s3--,9 ! ,coleopt]a1 a m9ute ,elat]2 ,or?opt]a1 a ,gryllus & a ,blatta2 ,hemipt]a1 "o species2 ,homopt]a1 two2 ,neuropt]a a ,*rysopa2 ,hym5opt]a1 two ants2 ,lepidopt]a nocturna1 a ,diopaea1 & a ,pt]ophorus 7872 ,dipt]a1 two species4 #e ,kotzebue's ,fir/ ,voyage1 vol4 iii4 p4 #bbb4 #f ,! l>ge claws or p9c]s ( "s ( ^! crabs are mo/ beautifully adapt$1 :5 drawn back1 to =m an op]culum to ! %ell1 ne>ly z p]fect z ! prop] "o orig9ally belong+ to ! mollusc\s animal4 ,i 0 assur$1 & z f> z my obs]vations w5t ,i f\nd x s1 t c]ta9 species ( ! h]mit-crab always use c]ta9 species ( %ells4 #g ,"s natives c>ri$ by ,kotzebue to ,kamts*atka collect$ /ones to take back to _! c\ntry4 #h ,see ,proce$+s ( ,zoological ,society1 #ahcb1 p4 #ag4 #i ,ty]man & ,b5nett4 ,voyage1 etc4 vol4 ii4 p4 #cc4 #aj ,i exclude1 ( c\rse1 "s soil :i* has be5 import$ "h 9 vessels f ,malacca & ,java1 & likewise1 "s small fragm5ts ( pumice1 drift$ "h by ! waves4 ,! "o block ( gre5/one1 moreov]1 on ! nor!rn isl& mu/ be except$4 #aa ,^! 7 fir/ read be=e ! ,geological ,society 9 ,may1 #ahcg1 & h s9ce be5 develop$ 9 a sep>ate volume on ! ,/ructure & ,di/ribution ( ,coral ,reefs4 #ab ,x is rem>kable t ,mr4 ,lyell1 ev5 9 ! fir/ edition ( 8 ,pr9ciples ( ,geology1 inf]r$ t ! am\nt ( subsid5ce 9 ! ,pacific mu/ h exce$$ t ( elevation1 f ! area ( l& be+ v small relatively to ! ag5ts !re t5d+ to =m x1 namely1 ! gr[? ( coral & volcanic action4 #ac ,x has be5 highly satisfactory to me to f9d ! foll[+ passage 9 a pamphlet by ,mr4 ,c\?\y1 "o ( ! naturali/s 9 ! great ,ant>ctic ,exp$ition ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates3--,hav+ p]sonally exam9$ a l>ge numb] ( coral-isl&s & resid$ eight mon?s among ! volcanic class hav+ %ore & p>tially encircl+ reefs4 ,i may be p]mitt$ to /ate t my own obs]vations h impress$ a conviction ( ! correctness ( ! !ory ( ,mr4 ,d>w94--,! naturali/s1 h[ev]1 ( ?is exp$ition diff] ) me on "s po9ts respect+ coral =mations4 ,,*apt] ,,xxi ,,mauritius ,,to ,,engl& ,mauritius1 beautiful appe>ance (--,great crat]i=m r+ ( ,m\nta9s--,h9doos--,/4 ,hel5a--,hi/ory ( ! *anges 9 ! ,vegetation--,cause ( ! ext9ction ( ,l&-%ells--,asc5sion--,v>iation 9 ! import$ ,rats--,volcanic ,bombs--,b$s ( ,infusoria--,bahia--,brazil--,spl5d\r ( ,tropical ,sc5]y--,p]nambuco--,s+ul> ,reef--,slav]y--,return to ,engl&--,retrospect on our ,voyage4 ,,april #bi?4--,9 ! morn+ we pass$ r\nd ! nor!rn end ( ,mauritius1 or ! ,isle ( ,france4 ,f ?is po9t ( view ! aspect ( ! isl& equall$ ! expectations rais$ by ! _m well-kn[n descriptions ( its beautiful sc5]y4 ,! slop+ pla9 ( ! ,pamplem\sses1 int]sp]s$ ) h\ses1 & col\r$ by ! l>ge fields ( sug>-cane ( a bright gre51 compos$ ! =egr\nd4 ,! brilliancy ( ! gre5 0 ! m rem>kable because x is a col\r :i* g5]ally is conspicu\s only f a v %ort di/ance4 ,t[>ds ! c5tre ( ! isl& gr\ps ( wood$ m\nta9s rose out ( ?is highly cultivat$ pla92 _! summits1 z s commonly happ5s ) anci5t volcanic rocks1 be+ jagg$ into ! %>pe/ po9ts4 ,masses ( :ite cl\ds 7 collect$ ar\nd ^! p9nacles1 z if = ! sake ( pleas+ ! /rang]'s eye4 ,! :ole isl&1 ) its slop+ bord] & c5tral m\nta9s1 0 adorn$ ) an air ( p]fect elegance3 ! sc5]y1 if ,i may use su* an expression1 appe>$ to ! sight h>moni\s4 ,i sp5t ! great] "p ( ! next day 9 walk+ ab\t ! t[n & visit+ diff]5t p4 ,! t[n is ( consid]able size1 & is said to conta9 #bj1jjj inhabitants2 ! /reets are v clean & regul>4 ,al?\gh ! isl& has be5 s _m ye>s "u ! ,engli% ,gov]nm5t1 ! g5]al "* ( ! place is q ,fr5*3 ,engli%m5 speak to _! s]vants 9 ,fr5*1 & ! %ops are all ,fr5*2 inde$1 ,i %\ld ?9k t ,calais or ,b\logne 0 mu* m ,anglifi$4 ,!re is a v pretty little !atre1 9 :i* op]as are excell5tly p]=m$4 ,we 7 also surpris$ at see+ l>ge booksell]s' %ops1 ) well-/or$ %elves2--music & read+ bespeak our approa* to ! old _w ( civilization2 = 9 tru? bo? ,au/ralia & ,am]ica are new worlds4 ,! v>i\s races ( m5 walk+ 9 ! /reets af=d ! mo/ int]e/+ spectacle 9 ,port ,l\is4 ,convicts f ,india are bani%$ "h = life2 at pres5t !re are ab\t #hjj1 & !y are employ$ 9 v>i\s public works4 ,be=e see+ ^! p1 ,i _h no idea t ! inhabitants ( ,india 7 su* noble-look+ figures4 ,_! sk9 is extremely d>k1 & _m ( ! old] m5 _h l>ge mu/a*es & be>ds ( a sn[-:ite col\r2 ?is1 toge!r ) ! fire ( _! expression1 gave !m q an impos+ aspect4 ,! great] numb] _h be5 bani%$ = murd] & ! wor/ crimes2 o!rs = causes :i* c sc>cely be consid]$ z moral faults1 su* z = n obey+1 f sup]/iti\s motives1 ! ,engli% laws4 ,^! m5 are g5]ally quiet & well-conduct$2 f _! outw>d conduct1 _! cleanl9ess1 & fai?ful obs]vance ( _! /range religi\s rites1 x 0 impossible to look at !m ) ! same eyes z on our wret*$ convicts 9 ,new ,s\? ,wales4 ,may #a/4--,sunday4 ,i took a quiet walk along ! sea-coa/ to ! nor? ( ! t[n4 ,! pla9 9 ?is "p is q uncultivat$2 x consi/s ( a field ( black lava1 smoo!d ov] ) co>se grass & bu%es1 ! latt] be+ *iefly ,mimosas4 ,! sc5]y may be describ$ z int]m$iate 9 "* betwe5 t ( ! ,galapagos & ( ,tahiti2 b ?is w convey a def9ite idea to v few p]sons4 ,x is a v pleasant c\ntry1 b x has n ! *>ms ( ,tahiti1 or ! gr&eur ( ,brazil4 ,! next day ,i asc5d$ ,la ,p\ce1 a m\nta9 s call$ f a ?umb-l projection1 :i* rises close beh9d ! t[n to a height ( #b1fjj feet4 ,! c5tre ( ! isl& consi/s ( a great plat=m1 surr\nd$ by old brok5 basaltic m\nta9s1 ) _! /rata dipp+ seaw>ds4 ,! c5tral plat=m1 =m$ ( comp>atively rec5t /reams ( lava1 is ( an oval %ape1 ?irte5 geographical miles across1 9 ! l9e ( its %ort] axis4 ,! ext]ior b\nd+ m\nta9s come into t class ( /ructures call$ ,crat]s ( ,elevation1 :i* are suppos$ to h be5 =m$ n l ord9>y crat]s1 b by a great & sudd5 upheaval4 ,!re appe>s to me to be insup]able objections to ?is view3 on ! o!r h&1 ,i c h>dly believe1 9 ?is & 9 "s o!r cases1 t ^! m>g9al crat]i=m m\nta9s are m]ely ! basal remnants ( imm5se volcanos1 ( :i* ! summits ei!r h be5 bl[n (f1 or swall[$ up 9 subt]ranean abysses4 ,f our elevat$ position we enjoy$ an excell5t view ov] ! isl&4 ,! c\ntry on ?is side appe>s pretty well cultivat$1 be+ divid$ into fields & /udd$ ) f>m-h\ses4 ,i 01 h[ev]1 assur$ t ( ! :ole l&1 n m ?an half is yet 9 a productive /ate2 if su* be ! case1 consid]+ ! pres5t l>ge export ( sug>1 ?is isl&1 at "s future p]iod :5 ?ickly peopl$1 w be ( great value4 ,s9ce ,engl& has tak5 possession ( x1 a p]iod ( only tw5ty-five ye>s1 ! export ( sug> is said to h increas$ sev5ty-five fold4 ,"o great cause ( its prosp]ity is ! excell5t /ate ( ! roads4 ,9 ! neighb\r+ ,isle ( ,b\rbon1 :i* rema9s "u ! ,fr5* gov]nm5t1 ! roads are /ill 9 ! same mis]able /ate z !y 7 "h only a few ye>s ago4 ,al?\gh ! ,fr5* resid5ts mu/ h l>gely pr(it$ by ! increas$ prosp]ity ( _! isl&1 yet ! ,engli% gov]nm5t is f> f popul>4 #crd4--,9 ! ev5+ ,capta9 ,lloyd1 ! ,surveyor-g5]al1 s well kn[n f 8 exam9ation ( ! ,i/hmus ( ,panama1 invit$ ,mr4 ,/okes & myself to 8 c\ntry-h\se1 :i* is situat$ on ! edge ( ,wilheim ,pla9s1 & ab\t six miles f ! ,port4 ,we /ay$ at ?is delightful place two days2 /&+ ne>ly #hjj feet above ! sea1 ! air 0 cool & fre%1 & on e side !re 7 delightful walks4 ,close by1 a gr& rav9e has be5 worn to a dep? ( ab\t #ejj feet ?r\gh ! slightly incl9$ /reams ( lava1 :i* h fl[$ f ! c5tral plat=m4 #e?4--,capta9 ,lloyd took u to ! ,rivi]e ,noire1 :i* is sev]al miles to ! s\?w>d1 t ,i might exam9e "s rocks ( elevat$ coral4 ,we pass$ ?r\gh pleasant g>d5s1 & f9e fields ( sug>-cane gr[+ amid/ huge blocks ( lava4 ,! roads 7 bord]$ by h$ges ( ,mimosa1 & ne> _m ( ! h\ses !re 7 av5ues ( ! mango4 ,"s ( ! views1 :]e ! peak$ hills & ! cultivat$ f>ms 7 se5 toge!r1 7 exce$+ly picturesque2 & we 7 con/antly tempt$ to exclaim1 ,h[ pleasant x w\ld be to pass "o's life 9 su* quiet abodes6 ,capta9 ,lloyd possess$ an elephant1 & he s5t x half way ) u1 t we might enjoy a ride 9 true ,indian fa%ion4 ,! circum/ance :i* surpris$ me mo/ 0 its q noiseless /ep4 ,?is elephant is ! only "o at pres5t on ! isl&2 b x is said o!rs w be s5t =4 ,may #i?4--,we sail$ f ,port ,l\is1 &1 call+ at ! ,cape ( ,good ,hope1 on ! #h? ( ,july1 we arriv$ (f ,/4 ,hel5a4 ,?is isl&1 ! =bidd+ aspect ( :i* has be5 s (t5 describ$1 rises abruptly l a huge black ca/le f ! ocean4 ,ne> ! t[n1 z if to complete nature's def5ce1 small =ts & guns fill up e gap 9 ! rugg$ rocks4 ,! t[n runs up a flat & n>r[ valley2 ! h\ses look respectable1 & are int]sp]s$ ) a v few gre5 trees4 ,:5 approa*+ ! an*orage !re 0 "o /rik+ view3 an irregul> ca/le p]*$ on ! summit ( a l(ty hill1 & surr\nd$ by a few scatt]$ fir-trees1 boldly project$ aga9/ ! sky4 ,! next day ,i obta9$ lodg+s )9 a /one's ?r[ ( ,napoleon's tomb2 #a x 0 a capital c5tral situation1 :5ce ,i c\ld make excursions 9 e direction4 ,dur+ ! f\r days ,i /ay$ "h1 ,i w&]$ ov] ! isl& f morn+ to night1 & exam9$ its geological hi/ory4 ,my lodg+s 7 situat$ at a height ( ab\t #bjjj feet2 "h ! wea!r 0 cold & boi/]\s1 ) con/ant %[]s ( ra92 & e n[ & !n ! :ole sc5e 0 veil$ 9 ?ick cl\ds4 ,ne> ! coa/ ! r\gh lava is q b>e3 9 ! c5tral & high] p>ts1 feldspa?ic rocks by _! decomposition h produc$ a clayey soil1 :i*1 :]e n cov]$ by vegetation1 is /a9$ 9 broad b&s ( _m bright col\rs4 ,at ?is season1 ! l& moi/5$ by con/ant %[]s1 produces a s+ul>ly bright gre5 pa/ure1 :i* l[] & l[] d[n1 gradually fades away & at la/ disappe>s4 ,9 latitude #af degs41 & at ! trifl+ elevation ( #aejj feet1 x is surpris+ to behold a vegetation possess+ a "* decid$ly ,briti%4 ,! hills are cr[n$ ) irregul> plantations ( ,scot* firs2 & ! slop+ banks are ?ickly scatt]$ ov] ) ?ickets ( gorse1 cov]$ ) its bright yell[ fl[]s4 ,weep+-will[s are common on ! banks ( ! rivulets1 & ! h$ges are made ( ! blackb]ry1 produc+ its well-kn[n fruit4 ,:5 we consid] t ! numb] ( plants n[ f\nd on ! isl& is #gdf1 & t out ( ^! fifty-two alone are indig5\s species1 ! re/ hav+ be5 import$1 & mo/ ( !m f ,engl&1 we see ! reason ( ! ,briti% "* ( ! vegetation4 ,_m ( ^! ,engli% plants appe> to fl\ri% bett] ?an 9 _! native c\ntry2 "s also f ! opposite qu>t] ( ,au/ralia succe$ rem>kably well4 ,! _m import$ species mu/ h de/roy$ "s ( ! native k9ds2 & x is only on ! highe/ & /eepe/ ridges t ! indig5\s ,flora is n[ pr$om9ant4 ,! ,engli%1 or r ,wel% "* ( ! sc5]y1 is kept up by ! num]\s cottages & small :ite h\ses2 "s buri$ at ! bottom ( ! deepe/ valleys1 & o!rs m\nt$ on ! cre/s ( ! l(ty hills4 ,"s ( ! views are /rik+1 = in/ance t f ne> ,sir ,w4 ,doveton's h\se1 :]e ! bold peak call$ ,lot is se5 ov] a d>k wood ( firs1 ! :ole be+ back$ by ! r$ wat]-worn m\nta9s ( ! s\!rn coa/4 ,on view+ ! isl& f an em95ce1 ! fir/ circum/ance :i* /rikes "o1 is ! numb] ( ! roads & =ts3 ! lab\r be/[$ on ! public works1 if "o =gets its "* z a prison1 seems out ( all proportion to its ext5t or value4 ,!re is s little level or useful l&1 t x seems surpris+ h[ s _m p1 ab\t #ejjj1 c subsi/ "h4 ,! l[] ord]s1 or ! emancipat$ slaves1 are ,i believe extremely poor3 !y compla9 ( ! want ( "w4 ,f ! r$uction 9 ! numb] ( public s]vants ow+ to ! isl& hav+ be5 giv5 up by ! ,ea/ ,indian ,company1 & ! consequ5t emigration ( _m ( ! ri*] p1 ! pov]ty probably w increase4 ,! *ief food ( ! work+ class is rice ) a little salt meat2 z nei!r ( ^! articles are ! products ( ! isl&1 b mu/ be pur*as$ ) money1 ! l[ wages tell heavily on ! poor p4 ,n[ t ! p are bless$ ) fre$om1 a "r :i* ,i believe !y value fully1 x seems probable t _! numb]s w quickly increase3 if s1 :at is to become ( ! little /ate ( ,/4 ,hel5a8 ,my guide 0 an eld]ly man1 :o _h be5 a goa!rd :5 a boy1 & knew e /ep among/ ! rocks4 ,he 0 ( a race _m times cross$1 & al?\gh ) a dusky sk91 he _h n ! disagreeable expression ( a mulatto4 ,he 0 a v civil1 quiet old man1 & su* appe>s ! "* ( ! great] numb] ( ! l[] classes4 ,x 0 /range to my e>s to he> a man1 ne>ly :ite & respectably dress$1 talk+ ) indiff]5ce ( ! times :5 he 0 a slave4 ,) my companion1 :o c>ri$ our d9n]s & a horn ( wat]1 :i* is q necess>y1 z all ! wat] 9 ! l[] valleys is sal9e1 ,i e day took long walks4 ,b5ea? ! upp] & c5tral gre5 circle1 ! wild valleys are q desolate & unt5ant$4 ,"h1 to ! geologi/1 !re 7 sc5es ( high int]e/1 %[+ successive *anges & complicat$ di/urbances4 ,accord+ to my views1 ,/4 ,hel5a has exi/$ z an isl& f a v remote epo*3 "s obscure pro(s1 h[ev]1 ( ! elevation ( ! l& are /ill extant4 ,i believe t ! c5tral & highe/ peaks =m p>ts ( ! rim ( a great crat]1 ! s\!rn half ( :i* has be5 entirely remov$ by ! waves ( ! sea3 !re is1 moreov]1 an ext]nal wall ( black basaltic rocks1 l ! coa/-m\nta9s ( ,mauritius1 :i* are old] ?an ! c5tral volcanic /reams4 ,on ! high] p>ts ( ! isl&1 consid]able numb]s ( a %ell1 long ?\ght to be a m>9e species occur imb$d$ 9 ! soil4 ,x prov$ to be a ,co*log5a1 or l&-%ell ( a v peculi> =m2 #b ) x ,i f\nd six o!r k9ds2 & 9 ano!r spot an eigh? species4 ,x is rem>kable t none ( !m are n[ f\nd liv+4 ,_! ext9ction has probably be5 caus$ by ! entire de/ruction ( ! woods1 & ! consequ5t loss ( food & %elt]1 :i* occurr$ dur+ ! e>ly "p ( ! la/ c5tury4 ,! hi/ory ( ! *anges1 :i* ! elevat$ pla9s ( ,longwood & ,deadwood h und]gone1 z giv5 9 ,g5]al ,beatson's acc\nt ( ! isl&1 is extremely curi\s4 ,bo? pla9s1 x is said 9 =m] times 7 cov]$ ) wood1 & 7 !re=e call$ ! ,great ,wood4 ,s late z ! ye> #agaf !re 7 _m trees1 b 9 #agbd ! old trees _h mo/ly fall52 & z goats & hogs _h be5 suff]$ to range ab\t1 all ! "y trees _h be5 kill$4 ,x appe>s also f ! (ficial records1 t ! trees 7 unexpect$ly1 "s ye>s aft]w>ds1 succe$$ by a wire grass :i* spread ov] ! :ole surface4 #c ,g5]al ,beatson adds t n[ ?is pla9 is cov]$ ) f9e sw>d1 & is become ! f9e/ piece ( pa/ure on ! isl&4 ,! ext5t ( surface1 probably cov]$ by wood at a =m] p]iod1 is e/imat$ at no less ?an two ?\s& acres2 at ! pres5t day sc>cely a s+le tree c be f\nd !re4 ,x is also said t 9 #agji !re 7 quantities ( dead trees 9 ,s&y ,bay2 ?is place is n[ s utt]ly des]t1 t no?+ b s well atte/$ an acc\nt c\ld h made me believe t !y c\ld ev] h gr[n !re4 ,! fact1 t ! goats & hogs de/roy$ all ! "y trees z !y sprang up1 & t 9 ! c\rse ( "t ! old ones1 :i* 7 safe f _! attacks1 p]i%$ f age1 seems cle>ly made out4 ,goats 7 introduc$ 9 ! ye> #aejb2 eighty-six ye>s aft]w>ds1 9 ! "t ( ,cav5di%1 x is kn[n t !y 7 exce$+ly num]\s4 ,m ?an a c5tury aft]w>ds1 9 #agca1 :5 ! evil 0 complete & irretrievable1 an ord] 0 issu$ t all /ray animals %\ld be de/roy$4 ,x is v int]e/+ ?us to f9d1 t ! arrival ( animals at ,/4 ,hel5a 9 #aeja1 did n *ange ! :ole aspect ( ! isl&1 until a p]iod ( two hundr$ & tw5ty ye>s _h elaps$3 = ! goats 7 introduc$ 9 #aejb1 & 9 #agbd x is said ! old trees _h mo/ly fall54 ,!re c be little d\bt t ?is great *ange 9 ! vegetation affect$ n only ! l&-%ells1 caus+ eight species to become ext9ct1 b likewise a multitude ( insects4 ,/4 ,hel5a1 situat$ s remote f any cont95t1 9 ! mid/ ( a great ocean1 & possess+ a unique ,flora1 excites our curiosity4 ,! eight l&-%ells1 ?\gh n[ ext9ct1 & "o liv+ ,succ9ea1 are peculi> species f\nd n[h]e else4 ,mr4 ,cum+1 h[ev]1 in=ms me t an ,engli% ,helix is common "h1 its eggs no d\bt hav+ be5 import$ 9 "s ( ! _m introduc$ plants4 ,mr4 ,cum+ collect$ on ! coa/ sixte5 species ( sea-%ells1 ( :i* sev51 z f> z he kn[s1 are conf9$ to ?is isl&4 ,birds & insects1 #d z might h be5 expect$1 are v few 9 numb]2 inde$ ,i believe all ! birds h be5 introduc$ )9 late ye>s4 ,p>tridges & pheasants are tol]ably abundant2 ! isl& is mu* too ,engli% n to be subject to /rict game-laws4 ,i 0 told ( a m unju/ sacrifice to su* ord9ances ?an ,i ev] he>d ( ev5 9 ,engl&4 ,! poor p =m]ly us$ to burn a plant1 :i* gr[s on ! coa/-rocks1 & export ! soda f its a%es2 b a p]emptory ord] came out prohibit+ ?is practice1 & giv+ z a reason t ! p>tridges w\ld h n[h]e to build4 ,9 my walks ,i pass$ m ?an once ov] ! grassy pla9 b\nd$ by deep valleys1 on :i* ,longwood /&s4 ,view$ f a %ort di/ance1 x appe>s l a respectable g5tleman's c\ntry-seat4 ,9 front !re are a few cultivat$ fields1 & beyond !m ! smoo? hill ( col\r$ rocks call$ ! ,flag/aff1 & ! rugg$ squ>e black mass ( ! ,b>n4 ,on ! :ole ! view 0 r bleak & un9t]e/+4 ,! only inconv5i5ce ,i suff]$ dur+ my walks 0 f ! impetu\s w9ds4 ,"o day ,i notic$ a curi\s circum/ance2 /&+ on ! edge ( a pla91 t]m9at$ by a great cliff ( ab\t a ?\s& feet 9 dep?1 ,i saw at ! di/ance ( a few y>ds "r to w9dw>d1 "s t]n1 /ruggl+ aga9/ a v /rong breeze1 :il/1 :]e ,i /ood1 ! air 0 q calm4 ,approa*+ close to ! br9k1 :]e ! curr5t seem$ to be deflect$ upw>ds f ! face ( ! cliff1 ,i /ret*$ out my arm1 & imm$iately felt ! full =ce ( ! w9d3 an invisible b>ri]1 two y>ds 9 wid?1 sep>at$ p]fectly calm air f a /rong bla/4 ,i s mu* enjoy$ my rambles among ! rocks & m\nta9s ( ,/4 ,hel5a1 t ,i felt almo/ sorry on ! morn+ ( ! #ad? to desc5d to ! t[n4 ,be=e noon ,i 0 on bo>d1 & ! ,beagle made sail4 ,on ! #ai? ( ,july we rea*$ ,asc5sion4 ,^? :o h beheld a volcanic isl&1 situat$ "u an arid climate1 w at once be able to picture to !mselves ! appe>ance ( ,asc5sion4 ,!y w imag9e smoo? conical hills ( a bright r$ col\r1 ) _! summits g5]ally truncat$1 ris+ sep>ately out ( a level surface ( black rugg$ lava4 ,a pr9cipal m\nd 9 ! c5tre ( ! isl&1 seems ! fa!r ( ! less] cones4 ,x is call$ ,gre5 ,hill3 its "n be+ tak5 f ! fa9te/ t+e ( t col\r1 :i* at ?is "t ( ! ye> is b>ely p]ceptible f ! an*orage4 ,to complete ! desolate sc5e1 ! black rocks on ! coa/ are la%$ by a wild & turbul5t sea4 ,! settlem5t is ne> ! bea*2 x consi/s ( sev]al h\ses & b>racks plac$ irregul>ly1 b well built ( :ite free/one4 ,! only inhabitants are m>9es1 & "s negroes lib]at$ f slave-%ips1 :o are paid & victuall$ by gov]nm5t4 ,!re is n a private p]son on ! isl&4 ,_m ( ! m>9es appe>$ well cont5t$ ) _! situation2 !y ?9k x bett] to s]ve _! "o-&-tw5ty ye>s on %ore1 let x be :at x may1 ?an 9 a %ip2 9 ?is *oice1 if ,i 7 a m>9e1 ,i %\ld mo/ he>tily agree4 ,! next morn+ ,i asc5d$ ,gre5 ,hill1 #bhdj feet high1 & !nce walk$ across ! isl& to ! w9dw>d po9t4 ,a good c>t-road leads f ! coa/-settlem5t to ! h\ses1 g>d5s1 & fields1 plac$ ne> ! summit ( ! c5tral m\nta94 ,on ! roadside !re are mile/ones1 & likewise ci/]ns1 :]e ea* ?ir/y pass]-by c dr9k "s good wat]4 ,simil> c>e is display$ 9 ea* "p ( ! e/abli%m5t1 & especially 9 ! managem5t ( ! spr+s1 s t a s+le drop ( wat] may n be lo/3 inde$ ! :ole isl& may be comp>$ to a huge %ip kept 9 fir/-rate ord]4 ,i c\ld n help1 :5 admir+ ! active indu/ry1 :i* _h creat$ su* effects out ( su* means1 at ! same "t regrett+ t x _h be5 wa/$ on s poor & trifl+ an end4 ,m4 ,lesson has rem>k$ ) ju/ice1 t ! ,engli% nation w\ld h ?\ght ( mak+ ! isl& ( ,asc5sion a productive spot1 any o!r p w\ld h held x z a m]e =tress 9 ! ocean4 ,ne> ?is coa/ no?+ gr[s2 fur!r inl&1 an occasional gre5 ca/or-oil plant1 & a few gras%opp]s1 true fri5ds ( ! des]t1 may be met )4 ,"s grass is scatt]$ ov] ! surface ( ! c5tral elevat$ region1 & ! :ole mu* resembles ! worse p>ts ( ! ,wel% m\nta9s4 ,b scanty z ! pa/ure appe>s1 ab\t six hundr$ %eep1 _m goats1 a few c[s & horses1 all ?rive well on x4 ,( native animals1 l&-crabs & rats sw>m 9 numb]s4 ,:e!r ! rat is really indig5\s1 may well be d\bt$2 !re are two v>ieties z describ$ by ,mr4 ,wat]h\se2 "o is ( a black col\r1 ) f9e glossy fur1 & lives on ! grassy summit1 ! o!r is br[n-col\r$ & less glossy1 ) long] hairs1 & lives ne> ! settlem5t on ! coa/4 ,bo? ^! v>ieties are "o-?ird small] ?an ! common black rat 7,m4 rattus72 & !y diff] f x bo? 9 ! col\r & "* ( _! fur1 b 9 no o!r ess5tial respect4 ,i c h>dly d\bt t ^! rats 7l ! common m\se1 :i* has also run wild7 h be5 import$1 &1 z at ! ,galapagos1 h v>i$ f ! effect ( ! new conditions to :i* !y h be5 expos$3 h5ce ! v>iety on ! summit ( ! isl& diff]s f t on ! coa/4 ,( native birds !re are none2 b ! gu9ea-f[l1 import$ f ! ,cape de ,v]d ,isl&s1 is abundant1 & ! common f[l has likewise run wild4 ,"s cats1 :i* 7 orig9ally turn$ out to de/roy ! rats & mice1 h increas$1 s z to become a great plague4 ,! isl& is entirely )\t trees1 9 :i*1 & 9 e o!r respect1 x is v f> inf]ior to ,/4 ,hel5a4 ,"o ( my excursions took me t[>ds ! ,s4 ,w4 extremity ( ! isl&4 ,! day 0 cle> & hot1 & ,i saw ! isl&1 n smil+ ) beauty1 b />+ ) nak$ hide\sness4 ,! lava /reams are cov]$ ) hummocks1 & are rugg$ to a degree :i*1 geologically speak+1 is n ( easy explanation4 ,! int]v5+ spaces are conceal$ ) lay]s ( pumice1 a%es & volcanic tuff4 ,:il/ pass+ ?is end ( ! isl& at sea1 ,i c\ld n imag9e :at ! :ite pat*es 7 ) :i* ! :ole pla9 0 mottl$2 ,i n[ f\nd t !y 7 seaf[l1 sleep+ 9 su* full confid5ce1 t ev5 9 midday a man c\ld walk up & seize hold ( !m4 ,^! birds 7 ! only liv+ creatures ,i saw dur+ ! :ole day4 ,on ! bea* a great surf1 al?\gh ! breeze 0 light1 came tumbl+ ov] ! brok5 lava rocks4 ,! geology ( ?is isl& is 9 _m respects int]e/+4 ,9 sev]al places ,i notic$ volcanic bombs1 t is1 masses ( lava :i* h be5 %ot ?r\gh ! air :il/ fluid1 & h consequ5tly assum$ a sph]ical or pe>-%ape4 ,n only _! ext]nal =m1 b1 9 sev]al cases1 _! int]nal /ructure %[s 9 a v curi\s mann] t !y h revolv$ 9 _! a]ial c\rse4 ,! int]nal /ructure ( "o ( ^! bombs1 :5 brok51 is repres5t$ v accurately 9 ! woodcut4 ,! c5tral "p is co>sely cellul>1 ! cells decreas+ 9 size t[>ds ! ext]ior2 :]e !re is a %ell-l case ab\t ! ?ird ( an in* 9 ?ickness1 ( compact /one1 :i* aga9 is ov]laid by ! outside cru/ ( f9ely cellul> lava4 ,i ?9k !re c be little d\bt1 fir/ t ! ext]nal cru/ cool$ rapidly 9 ! /ate 9 :i* we n[ see x2 secondly1 t ! /ill fluid lava )91 0 pack$ by ! c5trifugal =ce1 g5]at$ by picture ! revolv+ ( ! bomb1 aga9/ ! ext]nal cool$ cru/1 & s produc$ ! solid %ell ( /one2 & la/ly1 t ! c5trifugal =ce1 by reliev+ ! pressure 9 ! m c5tral p>ts ( ! bomb1 all[$ ! heat$ vap\rs to exp& _! cells1 ?us =m+ ! co>se cellul> mass ( ! c5tre4 ,a hill1 =m$ ( ! old] s]ies ( volcanic rocks1 & :i* has be5 incorrectly consid]$ z ! crat] ( a volcano1 is rem>kable f its broad1 slightly holl[$1 & circul> summit hav+ be5 fill$ up ) _m successive lay]s ( a%es & f9e scoriae4 ,^! sauc]-%ap$ lay]s crop out on ! m>g91 =m+ p]fect r+s ( _m diff]5t col\rs1 giv+ to ! summit a mo/ fanta/ic appe>ance2 "o ( ^! r+s is :ite & broad1 & resembles a c\rse r\nd :i* horses h be5 ex]cis$2 h5ce ! hill has be5 call$ ! ,devil's ,rid+ ,s*ool4 ,i br\ght away specim5s ( "o ( ! tuface\s lay]s ( a p9ki% col\r & x is a mo/ extraord9>y fact1 t ,pr(essor ,ehr5b]g #e f9ds x almo/ :olly compos$ ( matt] :i* has be5 organiz$3 he detects 9 x "s silice\s-%ield$ fre%-wat] infusoria1 & no less ?an tw5ty-five diff]5t k9ds ( ! silice\s tissue ( plants1 *iefly ( grasses4 ,f ! abs5ce ( all c>bonace\s matt]1 ,pr(essor ,ehr5b]g believes t ^! organic bodies h pass$ ?r\gh ! volcanic fire1 & h be5 erupt$ 9 ! /ate 9 :i* we n[ see !m4 ,! appe>ance ( ! lay]s induc$ me to believe t !y _h be5 deposit$ "u wat]1 ?\gh f ! extreme dryness ( ! climate ,i 0 =c$ to imag9e1 t torr5ts ( ra9 _h probably fall5 dur+ "s great eruption1 & t ?us a tempor>y lake _h be5 =m$ into :i* ! a%es fell4 ,b x may n[ be suspect$ t ! lake 0 n a tempor>y "o4 ,anyh[1 we may feel sure1 t at "s =m] epo* ! climate & productions ( ,asc5sion 7 v diff]5t f :at !y n[ are4 ,:]e on ! face ( ! e>? c we f9d a spot1 on :i* close inve/igation w n discov] signs ( t endless cycle ( *ange1 to :i* ?is e>? has be51 is1 & w be subject$8 ,on leav+ ,asc5sion1 we sail$ = ,bahia1 on ! coa/ ( ,brazil1 9 ord] to complete ! *ronometrical measurem5t ( ! _w4 ,we arriv$ !re on ,augu/ #a/1 & /ay$ f\r days1 dur+ :i* ,i took sev]al long walks4 ,i 0 glad to f9d my enjoym5t 9 tropical sc5]y _h n decreas$ f ! want ( novelty1 ev5 9 ! slighte/ degree4 ,! elem5ts ( ! sc5]y are s simple1 t !y are wor? m5tion+1 z a pro( on :at trifl+ circum/ances exquisite natural beauty dep5ds4 ,! c\ntry may be describ$ z a level pla9 ( ab\t ?ree hundr$ feet 9 elevation1 :i* 9 all p>ts has be5 worn into flat-bottom$ valleys4 ,?is /ructure is rem>kable 9 a granitic l&1 b is ne>ly univ]sal 9 all ^? s(t] =mations ( :i* pla9s are usually compos$4 ,! :ole surface is cov]$ by v>i\s k9ds ( /ately trees1 int]sp]s$ ) pat*es ( cultivat$ gr\nd1 out ( :i* h\ses1 conv5ts1 & *apels arise4 ,x mu/ be rememb]$ t )9 ! tropics1 ! wild luxuriance ( nature is n lo/ ev5 9 ! vic9ity ( l>ge cities3 = ! natural vegetation ( ! h$ges & hill-sides ov]p[]s 9 picturesque effect ! artificial lab\r ( man4 ,h5ce1 !re are only a few spots :]e ! bright r$ soil af=ds a /rong contra/ ) ! univ]sal clo?+ ( gre54 ,f ! edges ( ! pla9 !re are di/ant views ei!r ( ! ocean1 or ( ! great ,bay ) its l[-wood$ %ores1 & on :i* num]\s boats & canoes %[ _! :ite sails4 ,except+ f ^! po9ts1 ! sc5e is extremely limit$2 foll[+ ! level pa?ways1 on ea* h&1 only glimpses into ! wood$ valleys bel[ c be obta9$4 ,! h\ses ,i may add1 & especially ! sacr$ edifices1 are built 9 a peculi> & r fanta/ic /yle ( ar*itecture4 ,!y are all :itewa%$2 s t :5 illum9$ by ! brilliant sun ( midday1 & z se5 aga9/ ! pale blue sky ( ! horizon1 !y /& out m l %ad[s ?an real build+s4 ,su* are ! elem5ts ( ! sc5]y1 b x is a hopeless attempt to pa9t ! g5]al effect4 ,le>n$ naturali/s describe ^! sc5es ( ! tropics by nam+ a multitude ( objects1 & m5tion+ "s *>act]i/ic feature ( ea*4 ,to a le>n$ travell] ?is possibly may communicate "s def9ite ideas3 b :o else f see+ a plant 9 an h]b>ium c imag9e its appe>ance :5 gr[+ 9 its native soil8 ,:o f see+ *oice plants 9 a ho?\se1 c magnify "s into ! dim5sions ( =e/ trees1 & cr[d o!rs into an entangl$ jungle8 ,:o :5 exam9+ 9 ! cab9et ( ! entomologi/ ! gay exotic butt]flies1 & s+ul> cicadas1 w associate ) ^! lifeless objects1 ! ceaseless h>% music ( ! latt]1 & ! lazy flight ( ! =m]1--! sure accompanim5ts ( ! /ill1 gl[+ noon-day ( ! tropics8 ,x is :5 ! sun has atta9$ its greate/ height1 t su* sc5es %\ld be view$3 !n ! d5se spl5did foliage ( ! mango hides ! gr\nd ) its d>ke/ %ade1 :il/ ! upp] bran*es are r5d]$ f ! pr(usion ( light ( ! mo/ brilliant gre54 ,9 ! temp]ate zones ! case is diff]5t--! vegetation !re is n s d>k or s ri*1 & h5ce ! rays ( ! decl9+ sun1 t+$ ( a r$1 purple1 or bright yell[ color1 add mo/ to ! beauties ( ^? climes4 ,:5 quietly walk+ along ! %ady pa?ways1 & admir+ ea* successive view1 ,i wi%$ to f9d language to express my ideas4 ,epi!t aft] epi!t 0 f\nd too weak to convey to ^? :o h n visit$ ! int]tropical regions1 ! s5sation ( delight :i* ! m9d exp]i5ces4 ,i h said t ! plants 9 a ho?\se fail to communicate a j idea ( ! vegetation1 yet ,i mu/ recur to x4 ,! l& is "o great wild1 untidy1 luxuriant ho?\se1 made by ,nature = h]self1 b tak5 possession ( by man1 :o has /udd$ x ) gay h\ses & =mal g>d5s4 ,h[ great w\ld be ! desire 9 e admir] ( nature to behold1 if su* 7 possible1 ! sc5]y ( ano!r planet6 yet to e p]son 9 ,europe1 x may be truly said1 t at ! di/ance ( only a few degrees f 8 native soil1 ! glories ( ano!r _w are op5$ to him4 ,9 my la/ walk ,i /opp$ aga9 & aga9 to gaze on ^! beauties1 & endeav\r$ to fix 9 my m9d = ev]1 an impression :i* at ! "t ,i knew soon] or lat] mu/ fail4 ,! =m ( ! orange-tree1 ! cocoa-nut1 ! palm1 ! mango1 ! tree-f]n1 ! banana1 w rema9 cle> & sep>ate2 b ! ?\s& beauties :i* unite ^! into "o p]fect sc5e mu/ fade away3 yet !y w leave1 l a tale he>d 9 *ildhood1 a picture full ( indi/9ct1 b mo/ beautiful figures4 ,augu/ #f?4--,9 ! aft]noon we /ood out to sea1 ) ! int5tion ( mak+ a direct c\rse to ! ,cape de ,v]d ,isl&s4 ,unfav\rable w9ds1 h[ev]1 delay$ u1 & on ! #ab? we ran into ,p]nambuco1--a l>ge city on ! coa/ ( ,brazil1 9 latitude #h degs4 s\?4 ,we an*or$ outside ! reef2 b 9 a %ort "t a pilot came on bo>d & took u into ! inn] h>b\r1 :]e we lay close to ! t[n4 ,p]nambuco is built on "s n>r[ & l[ s&-banks1 :i* are sep>at$ f ea* o!r by %oal *annels ( salt wat]4 ,! ?ree p>ts ( ! t[n are connect$ toge!r by two long bridges built on wood5 piles4 ,! t[n is 9 all p>ts disgu/+1 ! /reets be+ n>r[1 ill-pav$1 & fil?y2 ! h\ses1 tall & gloomy4 ,! season ( heavy ra9s _h h>dly come to an end1 & h5ce ! surr\nd+ c\ntry1 :i* is sc>cely rais$ above ! level ( ! sea1 0 flood$ ) wat]2 & ,i fail$ 9 all my attempts to take walks4 ,! flat swampy l& on :i* ,p]nambuco /&s is surr\nd$1 at ! di/ance ( a few miles1 by a semicircle ( l[ hills1 or r by ! edge ( a c\ntry elevat$ p]haps two hundr$ feet above ! sea4 ,! old city ( ,ol9da /&s on "o extremity ( ?is range4 ,"o day ,i took a canoe1 & proce$$ up "o ( ! *annels to visit x2 ,i f\nd ! old t[n f its situation bo? sweet] & clean] ?an t ( ,p]nambuco4 ,i mu/ "h commemorate :at happ5$ = ! fir/ "t dur+ our ne>ly five ye>s' w&]+1 namely1 hav+ met ) a want ( polit5ess4 ,i 0 refus$ 9 a sull5 mann] at two diff]5t h\ses1 & obta9$ ) difficulty f a ?ird1 p]mission to pass ?r\gh _! g>d5s to an uncultivat$ hill1 = ! purpose ( view+ ! c\ntry4 ,i feel glad t ?is happ5$ 9 ! l& ( ! ,brazilians1 = ,i be> !m no good w--a l& also ( slav]y1 & !re=e ( moral debasem5t4 ,a ,spani>d w\ld h felt a%am$ at ! v ?\ght ( refus+ su* a reque/1 or ( behav+ to a /rang] ) rud5ess4 ,! *annel by :i* we w5t to & return$ f ,ol9da1 0 bord]$ on ea* side by mangroves1 :i* sprang l a m9iature =e/ out ( ! greasy mud-banks4 ,! bright gre5 col\r ( ^! bu%es always rem9d$ me ( ! rank grass 9 a *ur*-y>d3 bo? are n\ri%$ by putrid exhalations2 ! "o speaks ( dea? pa/1 & ! o!r too (t5 ( dea? to come4 ,! mo/ curi\s object :i* ,i saw 9 ?is neighb\rhood1 0 ! reef t =ms ! h>b\r4 ,i d\bt :e!r 9 ! :ole _w any o!r natural /ructure has s artificial an appe>ance4 #f ,x runs = a l5g? ( sev]al miles 9 an absolutely /raight l9e1 p>allel to1 & n f> di/ant f1 ! %ore4 ,x v>ies 9 wid? f ?irty to sixty y>ds1 & its surface is level & smoo?2 x is compos$ ( obscurely /ratifi$ h>d s&/one4 ,at high wat] ! waves break ov] x2 at l[ wat] its summit is left dry1 & x might !n be mi/ak5 = a breakwat] erect$ by ,cyclopean workm54 ,on ?is coa/ ! curr5ts ( ! sea t5d to ?r[ up 9 front ( ! l&1 long spits & b>s ( loose s&1 & on "o ( ^!1 "p ( ! t[n ( ,p]nambuco /&s4 ,9 =m] times a long spit ( ?is nature seems to h become consolidat$ by ! p]colation ( calc>e\s matt]1 & aft]w>ds to h be5 gradually upheav$2 ! out] & loose p>ts dur+ ?is process hav+ be5 worn away by ! action ( ! sea1 & ! solid nucleus left z we n[ see x4 ,al?\gh night & day ! waves ( ! op5 ,atlantic1 turbid ) s$im5t1 are driv5 aga9/ ! /eep outside edges ( ?is wall ( /one1 yet ! olde/ pilots "k ( no tradition ( any *ange 9 its appe>ance4 ,?is durability is mu* ! mo/ curi\s fact 9 its hi/ory3 x is due to a t\gh lay]1 a few in*es ?ick1 ( calc>e\s matt]1 :olly =m$ by ! successive gr[? & dea? ( ! small %ells ( ,s]pulae1 toge!r ) "s few b>nacles & nulliporae4 ,^! nulliporae1 :i* are h>d1 v simply-organiz$ sea-plants1 play an analog\s & important "p 9 protect+ ! upp] surfaces ( coral-reefs1 beh9d & )9 ! break]s1 :]e ! true corals1 dur+ ! outw>d gr[? ( ! mass1 become kill$ by exposure to ! sun & air4 ,^! insignificant organic be+s1 especially ! ,s]pulae1 h done good s]vice to ! p ( ,p]nambuco2 = )\t _! protective aid ! b> ( s&/one w\ld inevitably h be5 long ago worn away & )\t ! b>1 !re w\ld h be5 no h>b\r4 ,on ! #ai? ( ,augu/ we f9ally left ! %ores ( ,brazil4 ,i ?ank ,god1 ,i %all nev] aga9 visit a slave-c\ntry4 ,to ?is day1 if ,i he> a di/ant scream1 x recalls ) pa9ful vividness my feel+s1 :5 pass+ a h\se ne> ,p]nambuco1 ,i he>d ! mo/ pitiable moans1 & c\ld n b suspect t "s poor slave 0 be+ tortur$1 yet knew t ,i 0 z p[]less z a *ild ev5 to remon/rate4 ,i suspect$ t ^! moans 7 f a tortur$ slave1 = ,i 0 told t ?is 0 ! case 9 ano!r in/ance4 ,ne> ,rio de ,janeiro ,i liv$ opposite to an old lady1 :o kept screws to cru% ! f+]s ( h] female slaves4 ,i h /ay$ 9 a h\se :]e a "y h\sehold mulatto1 daily & h\rly1 0 revil$1 beat51 & p]secut$ en\gh to break ! _s ( ! l[e/ animal4 ,i h se5 a little boy1 six or sev5 ye>s old1 /ruck ?rice ) a horse-:ip 7be=e ,i c\ld int]f]e7 on 8 nak$ head1 = hav+ h&$ me a glass ( wat] n q clean2 ,i saw 8 fa!r tremble at a m]e glance f 8 ma/]'s eye4 ,^! latt] cruelties 7 witness$ by me 9 a ,spani% colony1 9 :i* x has always be5 said1 t slaves are bett] treat$ ?an by ! ,portuguese1 ,engli%1 or o!r ,european nations4 ,i h se5 at ,rio de ,janeiro a p[]ful negro afraid to w>d (f a bl[ direct$1 z he ?\ght1 at 8 face4 ,i 0 pres5t :5 a k9d-he>t$ man 0 on ! po9t ( sep>at+ =ev] ! m51 wom51 & little *ildr5 ( a l>ge numb] ( families :o _h long liv$ toge!r4 ,i w n ev5 allude to ! _m he>t-sick5+ atrocities :i* ,i au!ntically he>d (2--nor w\ld ,i h m5tion$ ! above revolt+ details1 _h ,i n met ) sev]al p1 s bl9d$ by ! con/itutional gaiety ( ! negro z to speak ( slav]y z a tol]able evil4 ,su* p h g5]ally visit$ at ! h\ses ( ! upp] classes1 :]e ! dome/ic slaves are usually well treat$1 & !y h n1 l myself1 liv$ among/ ! l[] classes4 ,su* inquir]s w ask slaves ab\t _! condition2 !y =get t ! slave mu/ inde$ be dull1 :o does n calculate on ! *ance ( 8 answ] rea*+ 8 ma/]'s e>s4 ,x is argu$ t self-int]e/ w prev5t excessive cruelty2 z if self-int]e/ protect$ our dome/ic animals1 :i* are f> less likely ?an degrad$ slaves1 to /ir up ! rage ( _! savage ma/]s4 ,x is an argum5t long s9ce prote/$ aga9/ ) noble feel+1 & /rik+ly exemplifi$1 by ! ev]-illu/ri\s ,humboldt4 ,x is (t5 attempt$ to palliate slav]y by comp>+ ! /ate ( slaves ) our poor] c\ntrym53 if ! mis]y ( our poor be caus$ n by ! laws ( nature1 b by our in/itutions1 great is our s92 b h[ ?is be>s on slav]y1 ,i _c see2 z well might ! use ( ! ?umb-screw be def5d$ 9 "o l&1 by %[+ t m5 9 ano!r l& suff]$ f "s dreadful disease4 ,^? :o look t5d]ly at ! slave own]1 & ) a cold he>t at ! slave1 nev] seem to put !mselves into ! position ( ! latt]2 :at a *e]less prospect1 ) n ev5 a hope ( *ange6 picture to y\rself ! *ance1 ev] hang+ ov] y1 ( y\r wife & y\r little *ildr5--^? objects :i* nature urges ev5 ! slave to call 8 own--be+ torn f y & sold l bea/s to ! fir/ bidd]6 ,& ^! de$s are done & palliat$ by m51 :o pr(ess to love _! neighb\rs z !mselves1 :o believe 9 ,god1 & pray t 8 ,w be done on e>?6 ,x makes "o's blood boil1 yet he>t tremble1 to ?9k t we ,engli%m5 & our ,am]ican desc5dants1 ) _! boa/ful cry ( lib]ty1 h be5 & are s guilty3 b x is a consolation to reflect1 t we at lea/ h made a great] sacrifice1 ?an ev] made by any nation1 to expiate our s94 ,on ! la/ day ( ,augu/ we an*or$ = ! second "t at ,porto ,praya 9 ! ,cape de ,v]d ar*ipelago2 !nce we proce$$ to ! ,azores1 :]e we /ay$ six days4 ,on ! #bnd ( ,octob] we made ! %ore1 ( ,engl&2 & at ,falm\? ,i left ! ,beagle1 hav+ liv$ on bo>d ! good little vessel ne>ly five ye>s4 ,our ,voyage hav+ come to an end1 ,i w take a %ort retrospect ( ! advantages & disadvantages1 ! pa9s & pleasures1 ( our circumnavigation ( ! _w4 ,if a p]son ask$ my advice1 be=e und]tak+ a long voyage1 my answ] w\ld dep5d ^u 8 possess+ a decid$ ta/e = "s bran* ( k1 :i* c\ld by ?is means be advanc$4 ,no d\bt x is a high satisfaction to behold v>i\s c\ntries & ! _m races ( mank9d1 b ! pleasures ga9$ at ! "t d n c\nt]balance ! evils4 ,x is necess>y to look =w>d to a h>ve/1 h[ev] di/ant t may be1 :5 "s fruit w be reap$1 "s good effect$4 ,_m ( ! losses :i* mu/ be exp]i5c$ are obvi\s2 su* z t ( ! society ( e old fri5d1 & ( ! sight ( ^? places ) :i* e de>e/ remembrance is s intimately connect$4 ,^! losses1 h[ev]1 are at ! "t p>tly reliev$ by ! exhau/less delight ( anticipat+ ! long wi%$-= day ( return4 ,if1 z poets say1 life is a dream1 ,i am sure 9 a voyage ^! are ! visions :i* be/ s]ve to pass away ! long night4 ,o!r losses1 al?\gh n at fir/ felt1 tell heavily aft] a p]iod3 ^! are ! want ( room1 ( seclusion1 ( re/2 ! jad+ feel+ ( con/ant hurry2 ! privation ( small luxuries1 ! loss ( dome/ic society & ev5 ( music & ! o!r pleasures ( imag9ation4 ,:5 su* trifles are m5tion$1 x is evid5t t ! real grievances1 except+ f accid5ts1 ( a sea-life are at an end4 ,! %ort space ( sixty ye>s has made an a/oni%+ diff]5ce 9 ! facility ( di/ant navigation4 ,ev5 9 ! "t ( ,cook1 a man :o left 8 fireside = su* exp$itions und]w5t sev]e privations4 ,a ya*t n[1 ) e luxury ( life1 c circumnavigate ! globe4 ,besides ! va/ improvem5ts 9 %ips & naval res\rces1 ! :ole we/]n %ores ( ,am]ica are ?r[n op51 & ,au/ralia has become ! capital ( a ris+ cont95t4 ,h[ diff]5t are ! circum/ances to a man %ipwreck$ at ! pres5t day 9 ! ,pacific1 to :at !y 7 9 ! "t ( ,cook6 ,s9ce 8 voyage a hemisph]e has be5 add$ to ! civiliz$ _w4 ,if a p]son suff] mu* f sea-sickness1 let him weigh x heavily 9 ! balance4 ,i speak f exp]i5ce3 x is no trifl+ evil1 cur$ 9 a week4 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 he take pleasure 9 naval tactics1 he w assur$ly h full scope = 8 ta/e4 ,b x mu/ be borne 9 m9d1 h[ l>ge a proportion ( ! "t1 dur+ a long voyage1 is sp5t on ! wat]1 z comp>$ ) ! days 9 h>b\r4 ,& :at are ! boa/$ glories ( ! illimitable ocean4 ,a t$i\s wa/e1 a des]t ( wat]1 z ! ,arabian calls x4 ,no d\bt !re are "s delightful sc5es4 ,a moonlight night1 ) ! cle> heav5s & ! d>k glitt]+ sea1 & ! :ite sails fill$ by ! s(t air ( a g5tly bl[+ trade-w9d1 a dead calm1 ) ! heav+ surface poli%$ l a mirror1 & all /ill except ! occasional flapp+ ( ! canvas4 ,x is well once to behold a squall ) its ris+ ar* & com+ fury1 or ! heavy gale ( w9d & m\nta9\s waves4 ,i confess1 h[ev]1 my imag9ation _h pa9t$ some?+ m gr&1 m t]rific 9 ! full-gr[n /orm4 ,x is an incomp>ably f9] spectacle :5 beheld on %ore1 :]e ! wav+ trees1 ! wild flight ( ! birds1 ! d>k %ad[s & bright lights1 ! ru%+ ( ! torr5ts all proclaim ! /rife ( ! unloos$ elem5ts4 ,at sea ! albatross & little petrel fly z if ! /orm 7 _! prop] sph]e1 ! wat] rises & s9ks z if fulfill+ its usual task1 ! %ip alone & its inhabitants seem ! objects ( wra?4 ,on a =lorn & wea!r-beat5 coa/1 ! sc5e is inde$ diff]5t1 b ! feel+s p>take m ( horror ?an ( wild delight4 ,let u n[ look at ! bright] side ( ! pa/ "t4 ,! pleasure d]iv$ f behold+ ! sc5]y & ! g5]al aspect ( ! v>i\s c\ntries we h visit$1 has decid$ly be5 ! mo/ con/ant & highe/ s\rce ( enjoym5t4 ,x is probable t ! picturesque beauty ( _m p>ts ( ,europe exce$s any?+ :i* we beheld4 ,b !re is a gr[+ pleasure 9 comp>+ ! "* ( ! sc5]y 9 diff]5t c\ntries1 :i* to a c]ta9 degree is di/9ct f m]ely admir+ its beauty4 ,x dep5ds *iefly on an acqua9tance ) ! individual p>ts ( ea* view4 ,i am /rongly induc$ to believe t z 9 music1 ! p]son :o und]/&s e note w1 if he also possesses a prop] ta/e1 m ?or\ghly enjoy ! :ole1 s he :o exam9es ea* "p ( a f9e view1 may also ?or\ghly compreh5d ! full & comb9$ effect4 ,h5ce1 a travell] %\ld be a botani/1 = 9 all views plants =m ! *ief embelli%m5t4 ,gr\p masses ( nak$ rock1 ev5 9 ! wilde/ =ms1 & !y may = a "t af=d a sublime spectacle1 b !y w soon gr[ monoton\s4 ,pa9t !m ) bright & v>i$ col\rs1 z 9 ,nor!rn ,*ile1 !y w become fanta/ic2 clo! !m ) vegetation1 !y mu/ =m a dec5t1 if n a beautiful picture4 ,:5 ,i say t ! sc5]y ( p>ts ( ,europe is probably sup]ior to any?+ :i* we beheld1 ,i except1 z a class by itself1 t ( ! int]tropical zones4 ,! two classes _c be comp>$ toge!r2 b ,i h already (t5 enl>g$ on ! gr&eur ( ^? regions4 ,z ! =ce ( impressions g5]ally dep5ds on preconceiv$ ideas1 ,i may add1 t m9e 7 tak5 f ! vivid descriptions 9 ! ,p]sonal ,n>rative ( ,humboldt1 :i* f> exce$ 9 m]it any?+ else :i* ,i h read4 ,yet ) ^! high-wr\ght ideas1 my feel+s 7 f> f p>tak+ ( a t+e ( disappo9tm5t on my fir/ & f9al l&+ on ! %ores ( ,brazil4 ,among ! sc5es :i* are deeply impress$ on my m9d1 none exce$ 9 sublimity ! primeval =e/s undefac$ by ! h& ( man2 :e!r ^? ( ,brazil1 :]e ! p[]s ( ,life are pr$om9ant1 or ^? ( ,ti]ra del ,fuego1 :]e ,dea? & decay prevail4 ,bo? are temples fill$ ) ! v>i$ productions ( ! ,god ( ,nature3--no "o c /& 9 ^! solitudes unmov$1 & n feel t !re is m 9 man ?an ! m]e brea? ( 8 body4 ,9 call+ up images ( ! pa/1 ,i f9d t ! pla9s ( ,patagonia frequ5tly cross be=e my eyes2 yet ^! pla9s are pron\nc$ by all wret*$ & useless4 ,!y c be describ$ only by negative *>act]s2 )\t habitations1 )\t wat]1 )\t trees1 )\t m\nta9s1 !y support m]ely a few dw>f plants4 ,:y1 !n1 & ! case is n peculi> to myself1 h ^! arid wa/es tak5 s firm a hold on my memory8 ,:y h n ! /ill m level1 ! gre5] & m f]tile ,pampas1 :i* are s]viceable to mank9d1 produc$ an equal impression8 ,i c sc>cely analyze ^! feel+s3 b x mu/ be p>tly ow+ to ! free scope giv5 to ! imag9ation4 ,! pla9s ( ,patagonia are b\ndless1 = !y are sc>cely passable1 & h5ce unkn[n3 !y be> ! /amp ( hav+ la/$1 z !y are n[1 = ages1 & !re appe>s no limit to _! duration ?r\gh future "t4 ,if1 z ! anci5ts suppos$1 ! flat e>? 0 surr\nd$ by an impassable bread? ( wat]1 or by des]ts heat$ to an intol]able excess1 :o w\ld n look at ^! la/ b\nd>ies to man's k ) deep b ill-def9$ s5sations8 ,la/ly1 ( natural sc5]y1 ! views f l(ty m\nta9s1 ?r\gh c]ta9ly 9 "o s5se n beautiful1 are v memorable4 ,:5 look+ d[n f ! highe/ cre/ ( ! ,cordill]a1 ! m9d1 undi/urb$ by m9ute details1 0 fill$ ) ! /up5d\s dim5sions ( ! surr\nd+ masses4 ,( individual objects1 p]haps no?+ is m c]ta9 to create a/oni%m5t ?an ! fir/ sight 9 8 native haunt ( a b>b>ian--( man 9 8 l[e/ & mo/ savage /ate4 ,"o's m9d hurries back ov] pa/ c5turies1 & !n asks1 c\ld our prog5itors h be5 m5 l ^!8--m51 ^: v signs & expressions are less intelligible to u ?an ^? ( ! dome/icat$ animals2 m51 :o d n possess ! in/9ct ( ^? animals1 nor yet appe> to boa/ ( human reason1 or at lea/ ( arts consequ5t on t reason4 ,i d n believe x is possible to describe or pa9t ! diff]5ce betwe5 savage & civiliz$ man4 ,x is ! diff]5ce betwe5 a wild & tame animal3 & "p ( ! int]e/ 9 behold+ a savage1 is ! same :i* w\ld lead e "o to desire to see ! lion 9 8 des]t1 ! tig] te>+ 8 prey 9 ! jungle1 or ! rh9oc]os w&]+ ov] ! wild pla9s ( ,africa4 ,among ! o!r mo/ rem>kable spectacles :i* we h beheld1 may be rank$1 ! ,s\!rn ,cross1 ! cl\d ( ,magellan1 & ! o!r con/ellations ( ! s\!rn hemisph]e--! wat]-sp\t--! glaci] lead+ its blue /ream ( ice1 ov]hang+ ! sea 9 a bold precipice--a lagoon-isl& rais$ by ! reef-build+ corals--an active volcano--& ! ov]:elm+ effects ( a viol5t e>?quake4 ,^! latt] ph5om5a1 p]haps1 possess = me a peculi> int]e/1 f _! intimate connection ) ! geological /ructure ( ! _w4 ,! e>?quake1 h[ev]1 mu/ be to e "o a mo/ impressive ev5t3 ! e>?1 consid]$ f our e>lie/ *ildhood z ! type ( solidity1 has oscillat$ l a ?9 cru/ b5ea? our feet2 & 9 see+ ! lab\r$ works ( man 9 a mom5t ov]?r[n1 we feel ! insignificance ( 8 boa/$ p[]4 ,x has be5 said1 t ! love ( ! *ase is an inh]5t delight 9 man--a relic ( an in/9ctive passion4 ,if s1 ,i am sure ! pleasure ( liv+ 9 ! op5 air1 ) ! sky = a ro( & ! gr\nd = a table1 is "p ( ! same feel+1 x is ! savage return+ to 8 wild & native habits4 ,i always look back to our boat cruises1 & my l& j\rneys1 :5 ?r\gh unfrequ5t$ c\ntries1 ) an extreme delight1 :i* no sc5es ( civilization c\ld h creat$4 ,i d n d\bt t e travell] mu/ rememb] ! gl[+ s5se ( happ9ess :i* he exp]i5c$1 :5 he fir/ brea!d 9 a =eign clime1 :]e ! civiliz$ man _h seldom or nev] trod4 ,!re are sev]al o!r s\rces ( enjoym5t 9 a long voyage1 :i* are ( a m reasonable nature4 ,! map ( ! _w ceases to be a blank2 x becomes a picture full ( ! mo/ v>i$ & animat$ figures4 ,ea* "p assumes its prop] dim5sions3 cont95ts are n look$ at 9 ! light ( isl&s1 or isl&s consid]$ z m]e specks1 :i* are1 9 tru?1 l>g] ?an _m k+doms ( ,europe4 ,africa1 or ,nor? & ,s\? ,am]ica1 are well-s\nd+ names1 & easily pron\nc$2 b x is n until hav+ sail$ = weeks along small portions ( _! %ores1 t "o is ?or\ghly conv9c$ :at va/ spaces on our imm5se _w ^! names imply4 ,f see+ ! pres5t /ate1 x is impossible n to look =w>d ) high expectations to ! future progress ( ne>ly an entire hemisph]e4 ,! m>* ( improvem5t1 consequ5t on ! introduction ( ,*ri/ianity ?r\gh\t ! ,s\? ,sea1 probably /&s by itself 9 ! records ( hi/ory4 ,x is ! m /rik+ :5 we rememb] t only sixty ye>s s9ce1 ,cook1 ^: excell5t judgm5t none w dispute1 c\ld =esee no prospect ( a *ange4 ,yet ^! *anges h n[ be5 effect$ by ! philan?ropic _s ( ! ,briti% nation4 ,9 ! same qu>t] ( ! globe ,au/ralia is ris+1 or inde$ may be said to h ris51 into a gr& c5tre ( civilization1 :i*1 at "s n v remote p]iod1 w rule z empress ov] ! s\!rn hemisph]e4 ,x is impossible = an ,engli%man to behold ^! di/ant colonies1 )\t a high pride & satisfaction4 ,to hoi/ ! ,briti% flag1 seems to draw ) x z a c]ta9 consequ5ce1 weal?1 prosp]ity1 & civilization4 ,9 conclusion1 x appe>s to me t no?+ c be m improv+ to a "y naturali/1 ?an a j\rney 9 di/ant c\ntries4 ,x bo? %>p5s1 & p>tly allays t want & crav+1 :i*1 z ,sir ,j4 ,h]s*el rem>ks1 a man exp]i5ces al?\gh e corporeal s5se be fully satisfi$4 ,! excitem5t f ! novelty ( objects1 & ! *ance ( success1 /imulate him to increas$ activity4 ,moreov]1 z a numb] ( isolat$ facts soon become un9t]e/+1 ! habit ( comp>ison leads to g5]alization4 ,on ! o!r h&1 z ! travell] /ays b a %ort "t 9 ea* place1 8 descriptions mu/ g5]ally consi/ ( m]e sket*es1 in/ead ( detail$ obs]vations4 ,h5ce arises1 z ,i h f\nd to my co/1 a con/ant t5d5cy to fill up ! wide gaps ( k1 by inaccurate & sup]ficial hypo!ses4 ,b ,i h too deeply enjoy$ ! voyage1 n to recomm5d any naturali/1 al?\gh he mu/ n expect to be s =tunate 9 8 companions z ,i h be51 to take all *ances1 & to />t1 on travels by l& if possible1 if o!rwise1 on a long voyage4 ,he may feel assur$1 he w meet ) no difficulties or dang]s1 except+ 9 r>e cases1 ne>ly s bad z he be=eh& anticipates4 ,9 a moral po9t ( view1 ! effect ought to be1 to tea* him good-hum\r$ pati5ce1 fre$om f selfi%ness1 ! habit ( act+ = himself1 & ( mak+ ! be/ ( e occurr5ce4 ,9 %ort1 he ought to p>take ( ! *>act]i/ic qualities ( mo/ sailors4 ,travell+ ought also to tea* him di/ru/2 b at ! same "t he w discov]1 h[ _m truly k9d-he>t$ p !re are1 ) :om he nev] be=e _h1 or ev] aga9 w h any fur!r communication1 :o yet are ready to (f] him ! mo/ dis9t]e/$ assi/ance4 #a ,aft] ! volumes ( eloqu5ce :i* h p\r$ =? on ?is subject1 x is dang]\s ev5 to m5tion ! tomb4 ,a mod]n travell]1 9 twelve l9es1 burd5s ! poor little isl& ) ! foll[+ titles1--x is a grave1 tomb1 pyramid1 cemet]y1 sepul*re1 catacomb1 s>cophagus1 m9>et1 & mausoleum6 #b ,x des]ves notice1 t all ! _m specim5s ( ?is %ell f\nd by me 9 "o spot1 diff] z a m>k$ v>iety1 f ano!r set ( specim5s procur$ f a diff]5t spot4 #c ,beatson's ,/4 ,hel5a4 ,introductory *apt]1 p4 #d4 #d ,among ^! few insects1 ,i 0 surpris$ to f9d a small ,aphodius 7nov4 spec47 & an ,oryctes1 bo? extremely num]\s "u dung4 ,:5 ! isl& 0 discov]$ x c]ta9ly possess$ no quadrup$1 except+ p]haps a m\se3 x becomes1 !re=e1 a difficult po9t to asc]ta91 :e!r ^! /]covor\s insects h s9ce be5 import$ by accid5t1 or if aborig9es1 on :at food !y =m]ly subsi/$4 ,on ! banks ( ! ,plata1 :]e1 f ! va/ numb] ( cattle & horses1 ! f9e pla9s ( turf are ri*ly manur$1 x is va9 to seek ! _m k9ds ( dung-fe$+ beetles1 :i* occur s abundantly 9 ,europe4 ,i obs]v$ only an ,oryctes 7! insects ( ?is g5us 9 ,europe g5]ally fe$ on decay$ vegetable matt]7 & two species ( ,phanaeus1 common 9 su* situations4 ,on ! opposite side ( ! ,cordill]a 9 ,*iloe1 ano!r species ( ,phanaeus is exce$+ly abundant1 & x buries ! dung ( ! cattle 9 l>ge e>!n balls b5ea? ! gr\nd4 ,!re is reason to believe t ! g5us ,phanaeus1 be=e ! introduction ( cattle1 act$ z scav5g]s to man4 ,9 ,europe1 beetles1 :i* f9d support 9 ! matt] :i* has already contribut$ t[>ds ! life ( o!r & l>g] animals1 are s num]\s t !re mu/ be consid]ably m ?an "o hundr$ diff]5t species4 ,consid]+ ?is1 & obs]v+ :at a quantity ( food ( ?is k9d is lo/ on ! pla9s ( ,la ,plata1 ,i imag9$ ,i saw an in/ance :]e man _h di/urb$ t *a91 by :i* s _m animals are l9k$ toge!r 9 _! native c\ntry4 ,9 ,van ,diem5's ,l&1 h[ev]1 ,i f\nd f\r species ( ,on?ophagus1 two ( ,aphodius1 & "o ( a ?ird g5us1 v abundantly "u ! dung ( c[s2 yet ^! latt] animals _h be5 !n introduc$ only ?irty-?ree ye>s4 ,previ\s to t "t ! kang>oo & "s o!r small animals 7 ! only quadrup$s2 & _! dung is ( a v diff]5t quality f t ( _! successors introduc$ by man4 ,9 ,engl& ! great] numb] ( /]covor\s beetles are conf9$ 9 _! appetites2 t is1 !y d n dep5d indiff]5tly on any quadrup$ = ! means ( subsi/5ce4 ,! *ange1 !re=e1 9 habits :i* mu/ h tak5 place 9 ,van ,diem5's ,l& is highly rem>kable4 ,i am indebt$ to ! ,rev4 ,f4 ,w4 ,hope1 :o1 ,i hope1 w p]mit me to call him my ma/] 9 ,entomology1 = giv+ me ! names ( ! =ego+ insects4 #e ,monats4 d] ,konig4 ,akad4 d4 ,wiss4 zu ,b]l94 ,vom ,april1 #ahde4 #f ,i h describ$ ?is ,b> 9 detail1 9 ! ,lond4 & ,ed94 ,phil4 ,mag41 vol4 xix4 7#ahda71 p4 #beg4