,picture3 ,cov] 7some:at batt]$7        
,,self ,,help                           
,,) ,,illu/rations ,,(                  
,,conduct ,,& ,,p]sev]ance4             
99 99 99 99 99                          
,,by ,,samuel ,,smiles1 ,,ll4,d41       
,,au?or ,,( 8,,lives ,,( ,,! ,,eng9e]s10
 ,,etc4                                 
99 99 99 99 99        8,?is above       
all1--,to ?9e own self be true2      ,& 
x mu/ foll[1 z ! night ! day1      ,!n  
can/ n !n be false to any man40         
,,%akespe>e4        8,might ,i give     
c\nsel to any "y man1 ,i w\ld say to    
him1 try      to frequ5t ! company ( y\r
 bett]s4  ,9 books & 9 life1      t is !
 mo/ :olesome society2 le>n to admire   
rightly2 !      great pleasure ( life is
 t4 ,note :at great m5 admir$2      !y  
admir$ great ?+s2 n>r[ spirits admire   
basely &      wor%ip meanly40--,w4 ,m4  
,,?ack]ay4                              
99 99 99 99 99                          
,,popul> ,,edition4                     
99 99 99 99 99                          

,,london3                        ,,john 
,,murray1 ,,albem>le ,,/reet4           
#ahig4          ,,preface4      ,,?is is
 a revis$ edition ( a book :i* has      
already be5 receiv$ )  consid]able fav\r
 at home & abroad4  ,x has be5 repr9t$ 9
 v>i\s  =ms 9 ,am]ica2 translations h   
appe>$ 9 ,dut* & ,fr5*1 &  o!rs are ab\t
 to appe> 9 ,g]man & ,dani%4  ,! book   
has1  d\btless1 prov$ attractive to     
read]s 9 diff]5t c\ntries by reason  ( !
 v>iety ( anecdotal illu/rations ( life 
& "* :i* x  conta9s1 & ! int]e/ :i* all 
m or less feel 9 ! lab\rs1  ! trials1 ! 
/ruggles1 & ! a*ievem5ts ( o!rs4  ,no "o
 c be  bett] aw>e ?an ! au?or1 ( its    
fragm5t>y "*1 aris+ f  ! mann] 9 :i* x 0
 = ! mo/ "p orig9ally compos$1--hav+    
be5 put toge!r pr9cipally f jott+s made 
dur+ _m  ye>s1--int5d$ z read+s = "y m51
 & )\t any view to  publication4  ,!    
appe>ance ( ?is edition has furni%$ an  
opportunity  = prun+ ! volume ( "s      
sup]flu\s matt]1 & introduc+  v>i\s new 
illu/rations1 :i* w probably be f\nd (  

g5]al  int]e/4    ,9 "o respect ! title 
( ! book1 :i* x is n[ too late to alt]1 
has prov$ un=tunate1 z x has l$ "s1 :o h
 judg$ x m]ely by  ! title1 to suppose t
 x consi/s ( a eulogy ( selfi%ness3 !  v
 opposite ( :at x really is1--or at lea/
 ( :at ! au?or  int5d$ x to be4  ,al?\gh
 its *ief object unque/ionably is to    
/imulate y\?s to apply !mselves         
dilig5tly to "r  pursuits1--sp>+ nei!r  
lab\r1 pa9s1 nor self-d5ial 9 prosecut+ 
!m1--& to rely ^u _! own ef=ts 9 life1 r
 ?an dep5d ^u  ! help or patronage (    
o!rs1 x w also be f\nd1 f ! examples    
giv5 ( lit]>y & sci5tific m51 arti/s1   
inv5tors1 educators1  philan?ropi/s1    
mission>ies1 & m>tyrs1 t ! duty ( help+ 
"o's self 9 ! highe/ s5se involves !    
help+ ( "o's neighb\rs4    ,x has also  
be5 object$ to ! book t too mu* notice  
is tak5 9 x  ( m5 :o h succe$$ 9 life by
 help+ !mselves1 & too little  ( !      
multitude ( m5 :o h fail$4  8,:y %\ld n 
,failure10 x  has be5 ask$1 8h its      
,plut>* z well z ,success80  ,!re is1   

inde$1 no reason :y ,failure %\ld n h   
its ,plut>*1 except t a  record ( m]e   
failure w\ld probably be f\nd           
excessively depress+ z  well z          
un9/ructive read+4  ,x is1 h[ev]1 %[n 9 
! foll[+  pages t ,failure is ! be/     
discipl9e ( ! true work]1 by  /imulat+  
him to r5ew$ ef=ts1 evok+ 8 be/ p[]s1 & 
c>ry+  him onw>d 9 self-culture1        
self-control1 & gr[? 9 k &  wisdom4     
,view$ 9 ?is light1 ,failure1 conqu]$ by
 ,p]sev]ance1 is  always full ( int]e/ &
 in/ruction1 & ?is we h endeav\r$ to    
illu/rate by _m examples4    ,z =       
,failure p] se1 al?\gh x may be well to 
f9d consolations =  x at ! close ( life1
 !re is reason to d\bt :e!r x is an     
object  t ought to be set be=e y\? at ! 
beg9n+ ( x4  ,inde$1 8h[  n to d x0 is (
 all ?+s ! easie/ le>nt3 x ne$s nei!r   
tea*+1 ef=t1 self-d5ial1 indu/ry1       
pati5ce1 p]sev]ance1 nor  judgm5t4      
,besides1 read]s d n c>e to "k ab\t !   
g5]al :o  lo/ 8 battles1 ! eng9e] ^:    
eng9es blew up1 ! ar*itect :o  design$  

only de=mities1 ! pa9t] :o nev] got     
beyond daubs1 !  s*em] :o did n inv5t 8 
ma*9e1 ! m]*ant :o c\ld n keep  out ( ! 
,gazette4  ,x is true1 ! be/ ( m5 may   
fail1 9 ! be/ (  causes4  ,b ev5 ^! be/ 
( m5 did n try to fail1 or reg>d _!     
failure z m]itori\s2 on ! contr>y1 !y   
tri$ to succe$1 &  look$ ^u failure z   
mis=tune4  ,failure 9 any good cause is1
  h[ev]1 hon\rable1 :il/ success 9 any  
bad cause is m]ely infam\s4  ,at ! same 
"t success 9 ! good cause is            
unque/ionably bett] ?an  failure4  ,b x 
is n ! result 9 any case t is to be     
reg>d$ s  mu* z ! aim & ! ef=t1 !       
pati5ce1 ! c\rage1 & !  endeav\r ) :i*  
desirable & wor?y objects are pursu$2-- 
8',tis n 9 mortals to comm& success2    
,we w d m--des]ve x40    ,! object ( !  
book briefly is1 to re-inculcate ^!     
old-fa%ion$  b :olesome lessons--:i*    
p]haps _c be too (t5 urg$1--t y\?  mu/  
"w 9 ord] to enjoy1--t no?+ cr$itable c 
be accompli%$  )\t application &        
dilig5ce1--t ! /ud5t mu/ n be daunt$  by

 difficulties1 b conqu] !m by pati5ce & 
p]sev]ance1--& t1  above all1 he mu/    
seek elevation ( "*1 )\t :i* capacity is
  wor?less & worldly success is naught4 
,if ! au?or has n succe$$  9 illu/rat+  
^! lessons1 he c only say t he has fail$
 9 8  object4    ,among ! new passages  
introduc$ 9 ! pres5t edition1 may be    
m5tion$ ! foll[+3--,illu/ri\s ,=eign]s (
 humble orig9 7pp4  #aj-ab71 ,fr5*      
,g5]als & ,m>%als ris5 f ! ranks 7#ad71 
,de  ,tocqueville & ,mutual ,help 7#bd71
 ,william ,lee1 ,m4,a41 & !  ,/ock+-loom
 7#db71 ,john ,hea?coat1 ,m4,p41 & !    
,bobb9-net ma*9e  7#dg71 ,jacqu>d & 8   
,loom 7#ee71 ,vaucanson 7#eh71 ,jo%ua   
,heilmann & !  ,comb+-ma*9e 7#fb71      
,b]n>d ,palissy & 8 /ruggles 7#fi71     
,bttgh]1  discov]] ( ,h>d ,porcela9     
7#hj71 ,c\nt de ,buffon z ,/ud5t 7#ajd71
  ,cuvi] 7#abh71 ,ambrose ,p> 7#acd71   
,claud ,lorra9e 7#afj71 ,jacques ,callot
  7#afb71 ,b5v5uto ,cell9i 7#afd71      
,ni*olas ,p\ss9 7#afh71 ,ary ,s*eff]    
7#aga71 ! ,/rutts ( ,belp] 7#bad71      

,francis ,xavi] 7#bch71 ,napoleon z a   
man ( bus9ess 7#bgf71 ,intrepidity (    
,deal ,boatm5 7#djj71 besides  num]\s   
o!r passages :i* x is unnecess>y to     
specify4    ,london1 ,may1 #ahff4       
,,introduction ,,to ,,! ,,fir/          
,,edition4      ,,! orig9 ( ?is book may
 be briefly told4    ,"s fifte5 ye>s    
s9ce1 ! au?or 0 reque/$ to deliv] an    
address  be=e ! memb]s ( "s ev5+        
classes1 :i* _h be5 =m$ 9 a  nor!rn t[n 
= mutual improvem5t1 "u ! foll[+        
circum/ances3--    ,two or ?ree "y m5 ( 
! humble/ rank resolv$ to meet 9 !  w9t]
 ev5+s1 = ! purpose ( improv+ !mselves  
by ex*ang+  k ) ea* o!r4  ,_! fir/      
meet+s 7 held 9 ! room (  a cottage 9   
:i* "o ( ! memb]s liv$2 &1 z o!rs %ortly
  jo9$ !m1 ! place soon became          
inconv5i5tly fill$4  ,:5 summ]  set 91  
!y adj\rn$ to ! cottage g>d5 outside2 & 
! classes  7 !n held 9 ! op5 air1 r\nd a
 little bo>d$ hut us$ z a  g>d5-h\se1 9 
:i* ^? :o (ficiat$ z tea*]s set ! sums1 
&  gave =? ! lessons ( ! ev5+4  ,:5 !   

wea!r 0 f9e1 !  y\?s might be se51 until
 a late h\r1 hang+ r\nd ! door ( !  hut 
l a clu/] ( bees2 b sometimes a sudd5   
%[] ( ra9 w\ld  da% ! sums f _! slates1 
& disp]se !m = ! ev5+  unsatisfi$4      
,w9t]1 ) its cold nights1 0 draw+ ne>1 &
 :at 7 !y to d  = %elt]8  ,_! numb]s _h 
by ?is "t s increas$1 t no room  ( an   
ord9>y cottage c\ld accommodate !m4     
,?\gh !y 7 = !  mo/ "p "y m5 e>n+       
comp>atively small weekly wages1 !y     
resolv$ to incur ! risk ( hir+ a room2  
&1 on mak+ inquiry1 !y  f\nd a l>ge d+y 
ap>tm5t to let1 :i* _h be5 us$ z a      
tempor>y  ,*ol]a ,hospital4  ,no t5ant  
c\ld be f\nd = ! place1 :i* 0  avoid$ z 
if ! plague /ill clung to x4  ,b !      
mutual improvem5t  y\?s1 no?+ daunt$1   
hir$ ! *ol]a room at s mu* a week1 lit x
  up1 plac$ a few b5*es & a deal table 9
 x1 & began _! w9t]  classes4  ,! place 
soon pres5t$ a busy & *e]ful appe>ance 9
 !  ev5+s4  ,! tea*+ may h be51 z no    
d\bt x 01 ( a v rude  & imp]fect sort2 b
 x 0 done ) a w4  ,^? :o knew a little  

taught ^? :o knew less--improv+ !mselves
 :ile !y improv$ !  o!rs2 &1 at all     
ev5ts1 sett+ be=e !m a good work+       
example4  ,?us ^! y\?s--& !re 7 also    
gr[n m5 among/ !m--proce$$ to  tea*     
!mselves & ea* o!r1 read+ & writ+1      
ari?metic &  geography2 & ev5 ma!matics1
 *emi/ry1 & "s ( ! mod]n  languages4    
,ab\t a hundr$ "y m5 _h ?us come toge!r1
 :51 gr[+  ambiti\s1 !y desir$ to h     
lectures deliv]$ to !m2 & !n x  0 t !   
au?or became acqua9t$ ) _! proce$+s4  ,a
 p>ty (  !m wait$ on him1 = ! purpose ( 
invit+ him to deliv] an  introductory   
address1 or1 z !y express$ x1 8to talk  
to !m a bit20  prefac+ ! reque/ by a    
mode/ /atem5t ( :at !y _h done &  :at !y
 7 do+4  ,he c\ld n fail to be t\*$ by !
 admirable  self-help+ _s :i* !y _h     
display$2 &1 ?\gh ent]ta9+  b slight    
fai? 9 popul> lectur+1 he felt t a few  
words (  enc\ragem5t1 hone/ly & s9c]ely 
utt]$1 might n be )\t "s  good effect4  
,& 9 ?is _s he address$ !m on m ?an "o  
occasion1 cit+ examples ( :at o!r m5 _h 

done1 z illu/rations (  :at ea* might1 9
 a great] or less degree1 d = himself2 &
  po9t+ out t _! happ9ess & well-be+ z  
individuals 9 aft]  life1 mu/ necess>ily
 dep5d ma9ly ^u !mselves--^u _! own     
dilig5t self-culture1 self-discipl9e1 & 
self-control--&1 above all1  on t hone/ 
& upright p]=mance ( individual duty1   
:i* is !  glory ( manly "*4    ,!re 0   
no?+ 9 ! slighte/ degree new or orig9al 
9 ?is  c\nsel1 :i* 0 z old z ! ,prov]bs 
( ,solomon1 & possibly q  z famili>4  ,b
 old-fa%ion$ ?\gh ! advice may h be51 x 
0  welcom$4  ,! y\?s w5t =w>d 9 _!      
c\rse2 work$ on ) en]gy  & resolution2  
&1 rea*+ manhood1 !y w5t =? 9 v>i\s     
directions into ! _w1 :]e _m ( !m n[    
occupy positions (  tru/ & usefulness4  
,sev]al ye>s aft] ! incid5ts ref]r$ to1 
!  subject 0 unexpect$ly recall$ to !   
au?or's recollection by an  ev5+ visit f
 a "y man--app>5tly fre% f ! "w ( a     
f\ndry--:o expla9$ t he 0 n[ an employ] 
( lab\r & a  ?riv+ man2 & he 0 pleas$ to
 rememb] ) gratitude ! words  spok5 9   

all hone/y to him & to 8 fell[-pupils   
ye>s be=e1 &  ev5 to attribute "s       
measure ( 8 success 9 life to !         
endeav\rs  :i* he _h made to "w up to _!
 _s4    ,! au?or's p]sonal int]e/ hav+ 9
 ?is way be5 attract$ to !  subject (   
,self-,help1 he 0 accu/om$ to add to !  
memor&a f  :i* he _h address$ ^! "y m52 
& to note d[n occasionally 9  8 leisure 
ev5+ mom5ts1 aft] ! h\rs ( bus9ess1 !   
results (  su* read+1 obs]vation1 &     
exp]i5ce ( life1 z he conceiv$ to  be>  
^u x4  ,"o ( ! mo/ prom95t illu/rations 
cit$ 9 8  e>li] addresses1 0 t ( ,george
 ,/eph5son1 ! eng9e]2 & !  orig9al      
int]e/ ( ! subject1 z well z ! special  
facilities &  opportunities :i* ! au?or 
possess$ = illu/rat+ ,mr4  ,/eph5son's  
life & c>e]1 induc$ him to prosecute x  
at 8 leisure1  & ev5tually to publi% 8  
biography4  ,! pres5t volume is writt5  
9 a simil> _s1 z x has be5 simil> 9 its 
orig94  ,!  illu/rative sket*es ( "*    
introduc$1 are1 h[ev]1 necess>ily  less 
elaborately treat$--be+ bu/s r ?an      

full-l5g? portraits1  &1 9 _m ( ! cases1
 only "s /rik+ feature has be5 not$2 !  
lives ( individuals1 z inde$ ( nations1 
(t5 conc5trat+ _!  lu/re & int]e/ 9 a   
few passages4  ,su* z ! book is1 ! au?or
  n[ leaves x 9 ! h&s ( ! read]2 9 !    
hope t ! lessons (  indu/ry1 p]sev]ance1
 & self-culture1 :i* x conta9s1 w be    
f\nd useful & in/ructive1 z well z      
g5]ally int]e/+4    ,london1 ,septemb]1 
#ahei4          ,,cont5ts4              
,,*apt] ,i4                             
,,self-,,help--,,national ,,&           
,,individual4  ,_s (                    
,self-,help--,in/itutions &             
m5--,gov]nm5t a             ,page       
reflex ( ! individualism ( a            
nation--,cs>ism &              #a-bf    
,self-,help--,william ,d>gan on         
,indep5d5ce--,pati5t  lab\r]s 9 all     
ranks--,self-,help a feature 9 !        
,engli% "*--,p[] ( example & ( "w 9     
practical education--,value (           
biographies--,great m5  belong to no    
exclusive class or rank--,illu/ri\s m5  

sprung f ! ranks--,%akespe>e--,v>i\s    
humble  orig9 ( _m em95t m5--,di/+ui%$  
a/ronom]s--,em95t sons ( cl]gym5--,(    
attorneys--,illu/ri\s =eign]s ( humble  
orig9--,vauquel91 ! *emi/--,promotions f
 !  ranks 9 ! ,fr5* army--,in/ances (   
p]sev]+  application & en]gy--,joseph   
,bro!rton--,w4 ,j4 ,fox--,w4  ,s4       
,l9dsay--,william ,jackson--,ri*>d      
,cobd5--,dilig5ce  indisp5sable to      
usefulness & di/9ction--,!  weal?i]     
ranks n all idl]s--,examples--,milit>y  
m5--,philosoph]s--,m5 (                 
sci5ce--,politicians--,lit]>y  m5--,sir 
,rob]t ,peel--,"l                       
,br\gham--,lytton--,disraeli--,wordswor?
 on  self-reliance--,de ,tocqueville3 8 
indu/ry &  recognition ( ! help (       
o!rs--,m5 _! own be/  help]s            
,,*apt] ,,ii4                 ,,lead]s  
,,( ,,indu/ry--,,inv5tors ,,&           
,,produc]s4  ,indu/ry ( ! ,engli% p--,"w
 ! be/                     #bg-ff       
educator--,hugh ,mill]--,pov]ty & toil n
  insurm\ntable ob/acles--,work+ m5 z   

inv5tors--,inv5tion ( !                 
/eam-eng9e--,james ,watt3  8 indu/ry &  
habit ( att5tion--,mat!w                
,b\lton--,applications ( !              
/eam-eng9e--,! ,cotton  manufacture--,! 
e>ly inv5tors--,paul &                  
,highs--,arkwright3 8 e>ly life--,b>b]1 
inv5tor &  manufactur]--,8 influ5ce &   
"*--,! ,peels (  ,s\? ,lanca%ire--,!    
f\nd] ( ! family--,! fir/  ,sir ,rob]t  
,peel1 cotton-pr9t]--,lady ,peel--,rev4 
,william  ,lee1 inv5tor ( !             
/ock+-frame--,dies abroad 9             
mis]y--,james ,lee--,! ,nott+ham lace   
manufacture--,john  ,hea?coat1 inv5tor (
 ! bobb9-net ma*9e--,8  e>ly life1 8    
+5uity1 & plodd+  p]sev]ance--,inv5tion 
( 8 ma*9e--,anecdote ( ,"l              
,lyndhur/--,progress ( !                
lace-trade--,hea?coat's  ma*9es de/roy$ 
by ! ,luddites--,8  "*--,jacqu>d3 8     
inv5tions &  adv5tures--,vaucanson3 8   
me*anical g5ius1  improvem5ts 9 silk    
manufacture--,jacqu>d improves          
,vaucanson's ma*9e--,! ,jacqu>d loom    

adopt$--,jo%ua  ,heilmann1 inv5tor ( !  
comb+-ma*9e--,hi/ory (  ! inv5tion--,its
 value                                  
,,*apt] ,,iii4              ,,?ree      
,,great ,,pott]s--,,pallissy1 ,b,,ttgh]1
 ,,w$gwood4  ,anci5t pott]y--,etruscan  
w>e--,luca della ,robbia1 !             
#fg-ic  ,flor5t9e sculptor3 re-discov]s 
! art (  enamell+--,b]n>d ,pallissy3    
sket* ( 8 life &  lab\rs--,inflam$ by ! 
sight ( an ,italian cup--,8  se>* aft] !
 secret ( ! enamel--,8 exp]im5ts  dur+  
ye>s ( unproductive toil--,8 p]sonal &  
family privations--,indomitable         
p]sev]ance1 burns 8  furniture to heat !
 furnace1 & success at  la/--,r$uc$ to  
de/itution--,condemn$ to dea?1 &        
release--,8 writ+s--,dies 9 !           
,ba/ille--,john  ,fr$]ick ,bttgh]1 !    
,b]l9 #8gold cook'--,8 trick  9 al*emy &
 consequ5t tr\bles--,flight into        
,saxony--,8 det5tion at                 
,dresd5--,discov]s h[ to make  r$ & :ite
 porcela9--,! manufacture tak5 up by  ! 
,saxon ,gov]nm5t--,bttgh] treat$ z a    

prison]  & a slave--,8 unhappy end--,!  
,svres porcela9  manufactory--,josiah   
,w$gwood1 ! ,engli% pott]--,e>ly  /ate (
 ,engli% e>!nw>e manufacture--,w$gwood's
  indefatigable indu/ry1 skill1 &       
p]sev]ance--,8  success--,! ,b>b]9i     
vase--,w$gwood a national               
b5efactor--,indu/rial h]oes             
,,*apt] ,,iv4                           
,,application ,,& ,,p]sev]ance4  ,great 
results atta9$ by simple means--,=tune  
fav\rs          #id-aag  !              
indu/ri\s--8,g5ius is pati5ce0--,newton 
&  ,kepl]--,indu/ry ( em95t m5--,p[]    
acquir$ by  repeat$ ef=t--,anecdote (   
,sir ,rob]t ,peel's  cultivation (      
memory--,facility comes by              
practice--,importance (                 
pati5ce--,*e]fulness--,sydney           
,smi?--,dr4 ,hook--,hope an important   
elem5t 9  "*--,c>ey !                   
mission>y--,anecdote ( ,dr4             
,"y--,anecdote ( ,audubon !             
orni?ologi/--,anecdote  ( ,mr4 ,c>lyle &
 8 ,,ms4 ( ! #8,fr5*                    

,revolution'--,p]sev]ance ( ,watt &     
,/eph5son--,p]sev]ance display$ 9 !     
discov]y (  ! ,n9eveh m>bles by         
,rawl9son & ,lay>d--,comte de  ,buffon z
 /ud5t--,8 cont9u\s & unremitt+         
lab\rs--,sir ,walt] ,scott's            
p]sev]ance--,john                       
,britton--,l\don--,samuel ,drew--,joseph
 ,hume                                  
,,*apt] ,v4                 ,,helps ,,& 
,,opportunities--,,sci5tific ,,pursuits4
  ,no great result a*iev$ by            
accid5t--,newton's                      
#aah-aec  discov]ies--,dr4 ,"y--,habit (
 obs]v+ )                               
intellig5ce--,galileo--,inv5tions (     
,br[n1 ,watt1 &  ,brunel1 accid5tally   
sugge/$--,philosophy 9 little           
?+s--,apollonius ,p]gu & conic          
sections--,frankl9  &                   
,galvani--,discov]y ( /eam              
p[]--,opportunities  seiz$ or           
made--,simple & rude tools ( great      
work]s--,lee & ,/one's opportunities =  
le>n+--,sir  ,walt] ,scott's--,dr4      

,prie/ly--,sir ,humphry                 
,davy--,f>aday--,davy &                 
,col]idge--,cuvi]--,dalton's            
indu/ry--,examples ( improvem5t (       
"t--,daguesseau  & ,b5?am--,melanc?on & 
,baxt]--,writ+ d[n  obs]vations--,great 
note-mak]s--,dr4 ,pye ,smi?--,john      
,hunt]3 8 pati5t /udy ( little ?+s--,8  
great  lab\rs--,ambrose ,p> ! ,fr5*     
surgeon--,h>vey--,j5n]--,sir ,*>les     
,bell--,dr4 ,m>%all  ,hall--,sir        
,william ,h]s*el--,william ,smi? !      
geologi/3  8 discov]ies1 8 geological   
map--,hugh ,mill]3 8  obs]vant          
faculties--,john ,br[n & ,rob]t ,dick1  
geologi/s--,sir ,rod]ick ,mur*ison1 8   
indu/ry &  atta9m5ts                    
,,*apt] ,,vi4                           
,,work]s ,,9 ,,art4  ,sir ,jo%ua        
,reynolds on ! p[] ( indu/ry 9          
#aed-bja  art--,humble orig9 ( em95t    
arti/s--,acquisition (  weal? n ! rul+  
motive ) arti/s--,mi*ael  ,angelo on    
ri*es--,pati5t lab\rs ( ,mi*ael ,angelo 
&  ,titian--,we/'s e>ly success a       

disadvantage--,ri*>d  ,wilson &         
,zucc>elli--,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds1      
,blake1  ,bird1 ,ga9sbor\gh1 & ,hog>?1 z
 boy  arti/s--,hog>? a ke5              
obs]v]--,banks &  ,mulready--,claude    
,lorra9e & ,turn]3 _!  indefatigable    
indu/ry--,p]ri] & ,jacques ,callot &  _!
 visits to ,rome--,callot & !           
gipsies--,b5v5uto  ,cell9i1 goldsmi? &  
musician3 8 ambition to  excel--,ca/+ ( 
8 /atue ( ,p]seus--,nicolas  ,p\ss91 a  
s$ul\s /ud5t &                          
work]--,duquesnoi--,p\ss9's fame--,ary  
,s*eff]3 8  h9drances & success--,john  
,flaxman3 8 g5ius &  p]sev]ance--,8     
brave wife--,_! visit to                
,rome--,francis ,*antrey3 8 indu/ry &   
en]gy--,david  ,wilkie & ,william ,etty1
 unflagg+ work]s--,privations  endur$ by
 arti/s--,m>t9--,pug9--,george ,kemp1   
ar*itect  ( ! ,scott monum5t--,john     
,gibson1 ,rob]t ,?orburn1  ,noel        
,paton--,james ,%>ples ! blacksmi?      
arti/3 8  autobiography--,indu/ry (     
musicians--,h&el1 ,haydn1  ,bee?ov51    

,ba*1 ,mey]be]--,dr4 ,arne--,william    
,jackson  ! self-taught compos]         
,,*apt] ,,vii4                          
,,indu/ry ,,& ,,! ,,pe]age4  ,! pe]age  
f$ f ! indu/rial ranks--,fall ( old     
#bjb-bbb  families3 ,bohuns1 ,mortim]s1 
& ,plantag5ets--,!  pe]age comp>atively 
mod]n--,pe]ages orig9at+ )  trad]s &    
m]*ants--,ri*>d ,foley1 nailmak]1  f\nd]
 ( ! ,foley pe]age--,adv5tur\s c>e] (   
,william ,phipps1 f\nd] ( ! ,normanby   
pe]age3 8  recov]y ( sunk5              
treasure--,sir ,william ,petty1 f\nd]  (
 ! ,lansd[ne pe]age--,j$$iah ,/rutt1    
f\nd] (  ! ,belp] pe]age--,william &    
,edw>d ,/rutt--,naval &  ,milit>y       
pe]s--,pe]ages f\nd$ by lawy]s--,lords  
,t5t]d5 & ,campbell--,"l ,eldon3 8 e>ly 
/ruggles  & ev5tual success--,b>on      
,langdale--,rew>ds (  p]sev]ance        
,,*apt] ,,viii4                         
,,en]gy ,,& ,,c\rage4  ,en]gy *>act]i/ic
 ( ! ,teutonic race--,!                 
#bbc-bfb  f\ndations ( /r5g? ( "*--,=ce 
(  purpose--,conc5tration--,c\rage\s    

work+--,words ( ,hugh  ,mill] & ,f[ell  
,buxton--,p[] & fre$om (  w--,words (   
,lam5nais--,suw>r[--,napoleon &         
8glory0--,well+ton &                    
8duty0--,promptitude 9  action--,en]gy  
display$ by ! ,briti% 9 ,india--,w>r5   
,ha/+s--,sir ,*>les ,napi]3 8 adv5ture )
 !  ,indian swordsman--,! rebellion 9   
,india--,!  ,lawr5ces--,ni*olson--,!    
siege ( ,delhi--,capta9                 
,hodson--,mission>y lab\r]s--,francis   
,xavi]'s missions  9 ! ,ea/--,john      
,williams--,dr4 ,liv+/one--,john        
,h[>d--,jonas ,hanway3 8 c>e]--,!       
philan?ropic  lab\rs ( ,granville       
,%>p--,position ( slaves 9              
,engl&--,result ( ,%>p's                
ef=ts--,cl>kson's  lab\rs--,f[ell       
,buxton3 8 resolute purpose &           
en]gy--,abolition ( slav]y              
,,*apt] ,,ix4                           
,,m5 ,,( ,,bus9ess4  ,hazlitt's         
def9ition ( ! man ( bus9ess--,! *ief    
#bfc-bhi  requisite qualities--,m5 (    
g5ius m5 (  bus9ess--,%akespe>e1 ,*auc]1

 ,sp5s]1 ,milton1  ,newton1 ,c[p]1      
,wordswor?1 ,scott1 ,ric>do1 ,grote1 ,j4
  ,s4 ,mill--,lab\r & application       
necess>y to  success--,"l ,melb\rne's   
advice--,! s*ool (  difficulty a good   
s*ool--,conditions ( success 9  ,law--,!
 indu/ri\s ar*itect--,! salut>y influ5ce
  ( "w--,consequ5ces ( contempt =       
ari?metic--,dr4  ,johnson on ! alleg$   
inju/ice ( 8!  _w0--,wa%+ton ,irv+'s    
views--,practical qualities  necess>y 9 
bus9ess--,importance ( accuracy--,*>les 
,james ,fox--,me?od--,ri*>d ,cecil & ,de
 ,witt3 _!  despat* ( bus9ess--,value ( 
"t--,sir ,walt] ,scott's                
advice--,promptitude--,economy (        
"t--,punctuality--,firmness--,tact--,nap
oleon & ,well+ton  z m5 (               
bus9ess--,napoleon's att5tion to        
details--,!  #8,napoleon                
,correspond5ce'--,well+ton's bus9ess    
faculty--,well+ton 9 !                  
,p59sula--8,hone/y ! be/                
policy0--,trade tries "*--,di%one/      
ga9s--,david  ,b>clay a model man (     

bus9ess                                 
,,*apt] ,x4                             
,,money--,,its ,,use ,,& ,,abuse4  ,! "r
 use ( money a te/ ( wisdom--,! virtue (
          #bij-cac                      
self-d5ial--,self-impos$ taxes--,economy
 necess>y to  indep5d5ce--,helplessness 
( ! improvid5t--,frugality  an important
 public "q--,c\nsels ( ,ri*>d  ,cobd5 & 
,john ,bright--,! bondage ( !           
improvid5t--,indep5d5ce atta9able by    
work+  m5--,francis ,horn]'s advice f 8 
fa!r--,rob]t  ,burns--,liv+ )9 !        
means--,bacon's  maxim--,wa/]s--,runn+  
into debt--,haydon's                    
debts--,fi*te--,dr4 ,johnson on         
debt--,john ,locke--,! ,duke  (         
,well+ton on debt--,wa%+ton--,e>l ,/4   
,v9c5t3 8  prote/$ bill--,joseph ,hume  
on liv+ too high--,ambition  aft]       
g5tility--,napi]'s ord] to 8 (fic]s 9   
,india--,resi/ance to temptation--,hugh 
,mill]'s case--,high  /&>d ( life       
necess>y--,prov]bs on money-mak+  &     
?rift--,?omas ,wright & ! reclamation ( 

crim9als--,m]e money-mak+--,john        
,fo/]--,ri*es no  pro( ( wor?--,all     
hone/ indu/ry hon\rable--,!  p[] ( money
 ov]-e/imat$--,joseph ,bro!rton--,true  
,respectability--,"l ,coll+wood         
,,*apt] ,,xi4                           
,,self-,,culture--,,facilities ,,&      
,,difficulties4  ,sir ,w4 ,scott & ,sir 
,b4 ,brodie on self-culture--,dr4       
#cad-cei  ,arnold's _s--,active         
employm5t salut>y--,mal?us's  advice to 
8 son--,importance ( physical           
heal?--,hodson1 ( 8,hodson's            
,horse0--,dr4 ,*ann+--,e>ly             
lab\r--,tra9+ 9 use ( tools--,heal?9ess 
( great  m5--,sir ,walt] ,scott's       
a?letic sports--,b>r[1 ,full]1          
,cl>ke--,lab\r conqu]s all ?+s--,words (
 ,*att]ton1  ,f]guson1 ,/one1           
,drew--,well-direct$ lab\r--,op9ions (  
,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds1 ,f[ell ,buxton1  
,dr4 ,ross1 ,f4  ,horn]1 ,loyola1 & ,"l 
,/4 ,leon>ds--,?or\ghness1  accuracy1   
decision1 & promptitude--,! virtue (    
pati5t lab\r--,! mis*iev\s effects (    

8cramm+0  9 lab\r-sav+ processes &      
multif>i\s  read+--,! "r use ( k--,books
 may imp>t  le>n+1 b well-appli$ k &    
exp]i5ce  only exhibit wisdom--,! ,magna
 ,*>ta m5--,br9dley1  ,/eph5son1 ,hunt]1
 & o!rs1 n book-le>n$ yet               
great--,self-respect--,jean ,paul       
,ri*t]--,k z a  means ( ris+--,base     
views ( ! value (  k--,ideas ( ,bacon & 
,s\!y--,d\glas ,j]rold  on comic        
lit]ature--,dang] ( immod]ate love (    
pleasure--,b5jam9 ,con/ant3 8 high ?9k+ 
& l[  liv+--,?i]ry3 8 noble             
"*--,col]idge &  ,s\!y--,rob]t ,nicoll  
on ,col]idge--,*>les ,james ,fox  on    
p]sev]ance--,! wisdom & /r5g? acquir$   
?r\gh failure--,hunt]1 ,ross9i1 ,davy1  
,m5delssohn--,!  uses ( difficulty &    
adv]sity--,lyndhur/1  ,d',alemb]t1      
,c>issimi1 ,reynolds1 & ,h5ry ,clay on  
p]si/5cy--,curran on hone/              
pov]ty--,/ruggles )  difficulties3      
,alex&] ,murray1 ,william ,*amb]s1      
,cobbet--,! ,fr5* /onemason turn$       
,pr(essor--,sir  ,samuel ,romilly z a   

self-cultivator--,john ,leyd5's         
p]sev]ance--,pr(essor ,lee3 8 p]sev]ance
 & 8  atta9m5ts z a l+ui/--,late le>n]s3
 ,spelman1  ,frankl91 ,dryd51 ,scott1   
,boccaccio1 ,arnold1 &  o!rs--,illu/ri\s
 dunces3 ,g5]als ,grant1 ,/onewall      
,jackson1 ,john ,h[>d1 ,davy1 &         
o!rs--,/ory ( a  dunce--,success dep5ds 
on p]sev]ance                           
,,*apt] ,,xii4                          
,,example--,,models4  ,example a pot5t  
in/ructor--,influ5ce (                  
#cfj-cha  conduct--,p>5tal example--,all
 acts h _! tra9 (                       
consequ5ces--,disraeli on ,cobd5--,words
 ( ,babbage--,human  responsibility--,e 
p]son owes a good example to            
o!rs--,do+1 n say+--,mrs4 ,*i%olm--,dr4 
,gu?rie &  ,john ,p\nds--,good models ( 
conduct--,! company ( our               
bett]s--,francis ,horn]'s views on      
p]sonal  int]c\rse--,! ,m>quis (        
,lansd[ne &  ,male%]bes--,f[ell ,buxton 
& ! ,gurney  family--,p]sonal influ5ce (
 ,john ,/]l+--,influ5ce  ( arti/ic g5ius

 ^u o!rs--,example ( ! brave an         
inspiration to ! timid--,biography      
valuable z =m+  high models ( "*--,lives
 influ5c$ by  biography--,romilly1      
,frankl91 ,drew1 ,alfi]i1 ,loyola1      
,wolff1 ,horn]1 ,reynolds--,examples (  
*e]fulness--,dr4  ,arnold's influ5ce ov]
 o!rs--,c>e] ( ,sir ,john  ,s9clair     
,,*apt] ,,xiii4                         
,,"*--,,! ,,true ,,g5tleman4  ,"* a     
man's be/ possession--,"* ( ,francis    
#chb-djh  ,horn]--,frankl9--,"* is      
p[]--,! high]  qualities ( "*--,"l      
,ersk9e's rules (  conduct--,a high /&>d
 ( life                                 
necess>y--,tru?fulness--,well+ton's "* (
  ,peel--,be :at y seem--,integrity &   
hone/y (  action--,importance (         
habits--,habits con/itute  "*--,gr[? (  
habit 9 y\?--,words ( ,rob]tson  (      
,brighton--,mann]s & morals--,civility &
  k9dness--,anecdote ( ,ab]ne?y--,true  
polit5ess--,great-he>t$ m5 ( no         
exclusive rank or  class--,william &    
,*>les ,grant1 ! 8,bro!rs  ,*e]yble0--,!

 true g5tleman--,"l ,edw>d              
,fitzg]ald--,hon\r1 probity1            
rectitude--,! g5tleman  w n be          
brib$--,anecdotes ( ,hanway1 ,well+ton1 
,wellesley1 & ,sir ,c4 ,napi]--,! poor 9
 purse may be  ri* 9 _s--,a noble       
peasant--,intrepidity ( ,deal           
boatm5--,anecdotes ( ! ,emp]or ( ,au/ria
 & ( two  ,engli% navvies--,tru? makes !
 success ( !  g5tleman--,c\rage &       
g5tl5ess--,g5tlem5 9  ,india--,outram1  
,h5ry ,lawr5ce--,"l ,clyde--,! private  
soldi]s at ,agra--,! wreck ( !          
,birk5head--,use (  p[]1 ! te/ ( !      
,g5tleman--,sir ,ralph                  
,ab]crombie--,full]'s "* ( ,sir ,francis
 ,drake          ,,*apt] ,i4            
,,self-,,help--,,national ,,&           
,,individual4          8,! wor? ( a     
,/ate1 9 ! long run1 is ! wor? ( !      
individuals compos+ x40--,j4 ,s4 ,mill4 
8,we put too mu* fai? 9 sy/ems1 & look  
too little to m540--,b4      ,disraeli4 
8,,heav5 helps ^? :o help !mselves0 is a
 well-tri$ maxim1 embody+  9 a small    

compass ! results ( va/ human exp]i5ce4 
,! _s (  self-help is ! root ( all g5u9e
 gr[? 9 ! individual2 &1  exhibit$ 9 !  
lives ( _m1 x con/itutes ! true s\rce ( 
national vig\r & /r5g?4  ,help f )\t is 
(t5 enfeebl+ 9  its effects1 b help f )9
 inv>iably invigorates4  ,:atev] is     
done = m5 or classes1 to a c]ta9 ext5t  
takes away ! /imulus  & necessity ( do+ 
= !mselves2 & :]e m5 are subject$ to    
ov]-guidance & ov]-gov]nm5t1 !          
inevitable t5d5cy is to r5d]  !m        
comp>atively helpless4    ,ev5 ! be/    
in/itutions c give a man no active help4
  ,p]haps !  mo/ !y c d is1 to leave him
 free to develop himself & improve 8    
individual condition4  ,b 9 all times m5
 h be5 prone to believe  t _! happ9ess &
 well-be+ 7 to be secur$ by means (     
in/itutions r ?an by _! own conduct4    
,h5ce ! value (  legislation z an ag5t 9
 human advancem5t has usually be5 mu*   
ov]-e/imat$4  ,to con/itute ! million?  
"p ( a ,legislature1 by  vot+ = "o or   
two m5 once 9 ?ree or five ye>s1 h[ev]  

consci5ti\sly ?is duty may be p]=m$1 c  
ex]cise b little  active influ5ce ^u any
 man's life & "*4  ,moreov]1 x is  e day
 becom+ m cle>ly und]/ood1 t ! function 
(  ,gov]nm5t is negative & re/rictive1 r
 ?an positive & active2  be+ resolvable 
pr9cipally into protection--protection (
 life1 lib]ty1  & prop]ty4  ,laws1      
wisely adm9i/]$1 w secure m5 9 !        
enjoym5t ( ! fruits ( _! lab\r1 :e!r (  
m9d or body1 at a  comp>atively small   
p]sonal sacrifice2 b no laws1 h[ev]     
/r+5t1  c make ! idle indu/ri\s1 !      
?riftless provid5t1 or ! drunk5  sob]4  
,su* re=ms c only be effect$ by means ( 
individual action1  economy1 &          
self-d5ial2 by bett] habits1 r ?an by   
great]  rights4    ,! ,gov]nm5t ( a     
nation itself is usually f\nd to be b ! 
reflex  ( ! individuals compos+ x4  ,!  
,gov]nm5t t is ahead ( !  p w inevitably
 be dragg$ d[n to _! level1 z !         
,gov]nm5t  t is beh9d !m w 9 ! long run 
be dragg$ up4  ,9 ! ord] (  nature1 !   
collective "* ( a nation w z surely f9d 

its  befitt+ results 9 its law &        
gov]nm5t1 z wat] f9ds its own  level4   
,! noble p w be nobly rul$1 & ! ignorant
 &  corrupt ignobly4  ,inde$ all        
exp]i5ce s]ves to prove t ! wor?  &     
/r5g? ( a ,/ate dep5d f> less ^u ! =m ( 
its in/itutions  ?an ^u ! "* ( its m54  
,= ! nation is only an aggregate  (     
individual conditions1 & civilization   
itself is b a "q (  ! p]sonal improvem5t
 ( ! m51 wom51 & *ildr5 ( :om society   
is compos$4    ,national progress is !  
sum ( individual indu/ry1 en]gy1 &      
uprightness1 z national decay is (      
individual idl5ess1 selfi%ness1  & vice4
  ,:at we are accu/om$ to decry z great 
social evils1 w1  = ! mo/ "p1 be f\nd to
 be b ! outgr[? ( man's own  p]v]t$     
life2 & ?\gh we may endeav\r to cut !m  
d[n &  extirpate !m by means ( ,law1 !y 
w only spr+ up aga9 ) fre%  luxuriance 9
 "s o!r =m1 unless ! conditions (       
p]sonal life &  "* are radically        
improv$4  ,if ?is view be correct1 !n x 
foll[s t ! highe/ patriotism &          

philan?ropy consi/1 n s mu*  9 alt]+    
laws & modify+ in/itutions1 z 9 help+ & 
/imulat+ m5 to elevate & improve        
!mselves by _! own free &  indep5d5t    
individual action4    ,x may be (       
comp>atively little consequ5ce h[ a man 
is gov]n$ f  )\t1 :il/ ev]y?+ dep5ds ^u 
h[ he gov]ns himself f  )94  ,! greate/ 
slave is n he :o is rul$ by a despot1   
great  ?\gh t evil be1 b he :o is !     
?rall ( 8 own moral ignorance1          
selfi%ness1 & vice4  ,nations :o are ?us
 enslav$ at he>t _c be  fre$ by any m]e 
*anges ( ma/]s or ( in/itutions2 & s    
long z  ! fatal delusion prevails1 t    
lib]ty solely dep5ds ^u &  consi/s 9    
gov]nm5t1 s long w su* *anges1 no matt] 
at :at co/  !y may be effect$1 h z      
little practical & la/+ result z !      
%ift+ ( ! figures 9 a phantasmagoria4   
,! solid f\ndations (  lib]ty mu/ re/ ^u
 individual "*2 :i* is also ! only sure 
gu>antee = social security & national   
progress4  ,john ,/u>t ,mill  truly     
obs]ves t 8ev5 despotism does n produce 

its wor/ effects s  long z individuality
 exi/s "u x2 & :atev] cru%es            
individuality  is despotism1 by :atev]  
"n x be call$40    ,old fallacies z to  
human progress are con/antly turn+ up4  
,"s call  = ,cs>s1 o!rs =               
,nationalities1 & o!rs = ,acts (        
,p>liam5t4  ,we are to wait = ,cs>s1 &  
:5 !y are f\nd1 8happy ! p :o  recognise
 & foll[ !m40 #d  ,?is doctr9e %ortly   
means1 ev]y?+  = ! p1 no?+ by !m1--a    
doctr9e :i*1 if tak5 z a  guide1 mu/1 by
 de/roy+ ! free consci5ce ( a community1
 spe$ily  prep>e ! way = any =m (       
despotism4  ,cs>ism is human idolatry 9 
its wor/ =m--a wor%ip ( m]e p[]1 z      
degrad+ 9 its effects z  ! wor%ip ( m]e 
weal? w\ld be4  ,a f> heal?i] doctr9e to
  inculcate among ! nations w\ld be t ( 
,self-,help2 & s soon z x  is ?or\ghly  
und]/ood & c>ri$ into action1 ,cs>ism w 
be no  m4  ,! two pr9ciples are directly
 antagoni/ic2 & :at ,victor ,hugo  said 
( ! ,p5 & ! ,sword alike applies to !m1 
8,ceci tu]a cela40  ,?is w kill t4    ,!

 p[] ( ,nationalities & ,acts (         
,p>liam5t is also a preval5t            
sup]/ition4  ,:at ,william ,d>gan1 "o ( 
,irel&'s true/ patriots1  said at !     
clos+ ( ! fir/ ,dubl9 ,indu/rial        
,exhibition1 may well  be quot$ n[4     
8,to tell ! tru?10 he said1 8,i nev]    
he>d ! ^w  indep5d5ce m5tion$ t my own  
c\ntry & my own fell[ t[nsm5 did  n     
occur to my m9d4  ,i h he>d a great deal
 ab\t ! indep5d5ce  t we 7 to get f ?is1
 t1 & ! o!r place1 & ( !  great         
expectations we 7 to h f p]sons f o!r   
c\ntries  com+ among/ u4  ,:il/ ,i value
 z mu* z any man ! great  advantages t  
mu/ result to u f t int]c\rse1 ,i h     
always  be5 deeply impress$ ) ! feel+ t 
our indu/rial indep5d5ce  is dep5d5t ^u 
ourselves4  ,i believe t ) simple       
indu/ry &  c>eful exactness 9 !         
utilization ( our en]gies1 we nev] _h a 
fair] *ance nor a bright] prospect ?an !
 pres5t4  ,we h made a  /ep1 b          
p]sev]ance is ! great ag5t ( success2 & 
if we b g on  zeal\sly1 ,i believe 9 my 

consci5ce t 9 a %ort p]iod we %all      
arrive at a position ( equal com=t1 (   
equal happ9ess1 & ( equal  indep5d5ce1 )
 t ( any o!r p40    ,all nations h be5  
made :at !y are by ! ?9k+ & ! work+  (  
_m g5]ations ( m54  ,pati5t & p]sev]+   
lab\r]s 9 all  ranks & conditions (     
life1 cultivators ( ! soil & explor]s ( 
! m9e1 inv5tors & discov]]s1            
manufactur]s1 me*anics &  artisans1     
poets1 philosoph]s1 & politicians1 all h
 contribut$  t[>ds ! gr& result1 "o     
g5]ation build+ ^u ano!r's lab\rs1  &   
c>ry+ !m =w>d to /ill high] /ages4  ,?is
 con/ant  succession ( noble work]s--!  
artisans ( civilisation--has s]v$ to    
create ord] out ( *aos 9 indu/ry1       
sci5ce1 & art2 & ! liv+  race has ?us1 9
 ! c\rse ( nature1 become ! inh]itor ( !
 ri*  e/ate provid$ by ! skill & indu/ry
 ( our =efa!rs1 :i* is  plac$ 9 our h&s 
to cultivate1 & to h& d[n1 n only       
unimpair$  b improv$1 to our successors4
    ,! _s ( self-help1 z exhibit$ 9 !   
en]getic action (  individuals1 has 9   

all times be5 a m>k$ feature 9 ! ,engli%
  "*1 & furni%es ! true measure ( our   
p[] z a nation4  ,ris+ above ! heads ( !
 mass1 !re 7 always to be f\nd a  s]ies 
( individuals di/+ui%$ beyond o!rs1 :o  
comm&$ !  public homage4  ,b our        
progress has also be5 ow+ to multitudes 
(  small] & less kn[n m54  ,?\gh only ! 
g5]als' names may be  rememb]$ 9 !      
hi/ory ( any great campaign1 x has be5 9
 a great  measure ?r\gh ! individual    
val\r & h]oism ( ! privates t  victories
 h be5 won4  ,& life1 too1 is 8a        
soldi]s' battle10--m5 9  ! ranks hav+ 9 
all times be5 among/ ! greate/ ( work]s4
  ,_m  are ! lives ( m5 unwritt51 :i* h 
nev]!less z p[]fully  influ5c$          
civilisation & progress z ! m =tunate   
,great ^:  names are record$ 9          
biography4  ,ev5 ! humble/ p]son1 :o    
sets  be=e 8 fell[s an example (        
indu/ry1 sobriety1 & upright hone/y  (  
purpose 9 life1 has a pres5t z well z a 
future influ5ce ^u !  well-be+ ( 8      
c\ntry2 = 8 life & "* pass unconsci\sly 

into ! lives ( o!rs1 & propagate good   
example = all "t to  come4    ,daily    
exp]i5ce %[s t x is en]getic            
individualism :i* produces  ! mo/ p[]ful
 effects ^u ! life & action ( o!rs1 &   
really  con/itutes ! be/ practical      
education4  ,s*ools1 academies1 &       
colleges1 give b ! m]e/ beg9n+s (       
culture 9 comp>ison )  x4  ,f> m        
influ5tial is ! life-education daily    
giv5 9 our homes1  9 ! /reets1 beh9d    
c\nt]s1 9 work%ops1 at ! loom & !       
pl\gh1 9 c\nt+-h\ses & manufactories1 & 
9 ! busy haunts (  m54  ,?is is t f9i%+ 
in/ruction z memb]s ( society1 :i*      
,s*ill] designat$ 8! education ( ! human
 race10 consi/+ 9  action1 conduct1     
self-culture1 self-control1--all t t5ds 
to discipl9e  a man truly1 & fit him = !
 prop] p]=mance ( ! duties &  bus9ess ( 
life1--a k9d ( education n to be le>nt f
 books1 or  acquir$ by any am\nt ( m]e  
lit]>y tra9+4  ,) 8 usual weight  (     
words ,bacon obs]ves1 t 8,/udies tea* n 
_! own use2 b t  is a wisdom )\t !m1 &  

above !m1 won by obs]vation20 a rem>k  t
 holds true ( actual life1 z well z ( ! 
cultivation ( !  intellect itself4  ,=  
all exp]i5ce s]ves to illu/rate & en=ce 
! lesson1 t a man p]fects himself by "w 
m ?an by  read+1--t x is life r ?an     
lit]ature1 action r ?an  /udy1 & "* r   
?an biography1 :i* t5d p]petually to    
r5ovate mank9d4    ,biographies ( great1
 b especially ( good m51 are nev]!less  
mo/  in/ructive & useful1 z helps1      
guides1 & inc5tives to o!rs4  ,"s  ( !  
be/ are almo/ equival5t to              
gospels--tea*+ high liv+1 high  ?9k+1 & 
en]getic action = _! own & ! _w's good4 
,!  valuable examples :i* !y furni% ( ! 
p[] ( self-help1 (  pati5t purpose1     
resolute work+1 & /eadfa/ integrity1    
issu+ 9  ! =mation ( truly noble & manly
 "*1 exhibit 9 language n  to be        
misund]/ood1 :at x is 9 ! p[] ( ea* to  
accompli% =  himself2 & eloqu5tly       
illu/rate ! efficacy ( self-respect &   
self-reliance 9 enabl+ m5 ( ev5 !       
humble/ rank to "w out =  !mselves an   

hon\rable compet5cy & a solid           
reputation4    ,great m5 ( sci5ce1      
lit]ature1 & art--apo/les ( great ?\ghts
 &  lords ( ! great he>t--h belong$ to  
no exclusive class nor rank 9  life4    
,!y h come alike f colleges1 work%ops1 &
  f>mh\ses1--f ! huts ( poor m5 & !     
mansions ( ! ri*4  ,"s  ( ,god's greate/
 apo/les h come f 8! ranks40  ,! poore/ 
h  sometimes tak5 ! highe/ places2 nor h
 difficulties app>5tly !  mo/ insup]able
 prov$ ob/acles 9 _! way4  ,^? v        
difficulties1  9 _m in/ances1 w\ld ev]  
seem to h be5 _! be/ help]s1 by  evok+  
_! p[]s ( lab\r & endurance1 & /imulat+ 
into life  faculties :i* might o!rwise h
 la9 dormant4  ,! in/ances (  ob/acles  
?us surm\nt$1 & ( triumphs ?us a*iev$1  
are inde$ s  num]\s1 z almo/ to ju/ify !
 prov]b t 8) ,w "o c d  any?+40  ,take1 
= in/ance1 ! rem>kable fact1 t f !      
b>b]'s %op came ,j]emy ,taylor1 ! mo/   
poetical ( div9es2 ,sir  ,ri*>d         
,arkwright1 ! inv5tor ( ! sp9n+-j5ny &  
f\nd] ( !  cotton manufacture2 ,"l      

,t5t]d51 "o ( ! mo/ di/+ui%$ ( ,"l      
,*ief ,ju/ices2 & ,turn]1 ! greate/     
among l&scape pa9t]s4    ,no "o kn[s to 
a c]ta9ty :at ,%akespe>e 02 b x is      
unque/ionable t he sprang f a humble    
rank4  ,8 fa!r 0 a  but*] & grazi]2 &   
,%akespe>e himself is suppos$ to h be5 9
  e>ly life a woolcomb]2 :il/ o!rs av] t
 he 0 an u%] 9 a  s*ool & aft]w>ds a    
scriv5]'s cl]k4  ,he truly seems to h   
be5  8n "o1 b all mank9d's epitome40  ,=
 su* is ! accuracy ( 8  sea phrases t a 
naval writ] alleges t he mu/ h be5 a    
sailor2  :il/ a cl]gyman inf]s1 f       
int]nal evid5ce 9 8 writ+s1 t  he 0     
probably a p>son's cl]k2 & a di/+ui%$   
judge (  horse-fle% insi/s t he mu/ h   
be5 a horse-deal]4  ,%akespe>e  0       
c]ta9ly an actor1 & 9 ! c\rse ( 8 life  
8play$ _m  p>ts10 ga!r+ 8 wond]ful /ores
 ( k f a wide field (  exp]i5ce &       
obs]vation4  ,9 any ev5t1 he mu/ h be5 a
 close  /ud5t & a h>d work]2 & to ?is   
day 8 writ+s cont9ue to  ex]cise a      
p[]ful influ5ce on ! =mation ( ,engli%  

"*4    ,! common class ( day lab\r]s has
 giv5 u ,br9dley ! eng9e]1  ,cook !     
navigator1 & ,burns ! poet4  ,masons &  
bricklay]s c boa/  ( ,b5 ,jonson1 :o    
work$ at ! build+ ( ,l9coln's ,inn1 ) a 
tr[el  9 8 h& & a book 9 8 pocket1      
,edw>ds & ,tel=d ! eng9e]s1  ,hugh      
,mill] ! geologi/1 & ,allan ,cunn+ham ! 
writ] & sculptor2  :il/ among di/+ui%$  
c>p5t]s we f9d ! names ( ,inigo ,jones  
! ar*itect1 ,h>rison ! *ronomet]-mak]1  
,john ,hunt] !  physiologi/1 ,romney &  
,opie ! pa9t]s1 ,pr(essor ,lee !        
,ori5tali/1 & ,john ,gibson ! sculptor4 
,f ! weav] class h sprung ,simson !     
ma!matician1 ,bacon !  sculptor1 ! two  
,miln]s1 ,adam ,walk]1 ,john ,fo/]1     
,wilson !  orni?ologi/1 ,dr4 ,liv+/one !
 mission>y travell]1 & ,tannahill  !    
poet4  ,%oemak]s h giv5 u ,sir          
,cl\desley ,%ovel ! great  ,admiral1    
,/urgeon ! electrician1 ,samuel ,drew ! 
essayi/1 ,gif=d !  editor ( ! #8,qu>t]ly
 ,review1' ,bloomfield ! poet1 &        
,william ,c>ey  ! mission>y2 :il/       

,morrison1 ano!r labori\s mission>y1 0 a
  mak] ( %oe-la/s4  ,)9 ! la/ few ye>s1 
a pr(\nd naturali/  has be5 discov]$ 9 !
 p]son ( a %oemak] at ,banff1 nam$      
,?omas  ,edw>ds1 :o1 :ile ma9ta9+       
himself by 8 trade1 has devot$ 8        
leisure to ! /udy ( natural sci5ce 9 all
 its bran*es1 8  rese>*es 9 connexion ) 
! small] cru/ace hav+ be5 rew>d$  by !  
discov]y ( a new species1 to :i* ! "n ( 
8,praniza  ,edw>dsii0 has be5 giv5 by   
naturali/s4    ,nor h tailors be5       
undi/+ui%$4  ,john ,/[1 ! hi/orian1     
work$  at ! trade dur+ "s "p ( 8 life4  
,jackson1 ! pa9t]1 made  clo!s until he 
rea*$ manhood4  ,! brave ,sir ,john     
,hawkswood1 :o s  greatly di/+ui%$      
himself at ,poicti]s1 & 0 knight$ by    
,edw>d  ,,iii4 = 8 val\r1 0 9 e>ly life 
appr5tic$ to a ,london tailor4  ,admiral
 ,hobson1 :o broke ! boom at ,vigo 9    
#agjb1 belong$ to ! same  call+4  ,he 0 
work+ z a tailor's appr5tice ne>        
,bon*ur*1 9 !  ,isle ( ,wight1 :5 ! news
 flew ?r\gh ! village t a squadron (    

m5-(-w> 0 sail+ (f ! isl&4  ,he sprang f
 ! %opbo>d1 &  ran d[n ) 8 comrades to !
 bea*1 to gaze ^u ! glori\s sight4  ,!  
boy 0 sudd5ly inflam$ ) ! ambition to be
 a sailor2 &  spr++ into a boat1 he r[$ 
(f to ! squadron1 ga9$ ! admiral's  %ip1
 & 0 accept$ z a volunte]4  ,ye>s aft]1 
he return$ to 8  native village full (  
hon\rs1 & d9$ (f bacon & eggs 9 !       
cottage :]e he _h work$ z an appr5tice4 
,b ! greate/ tailor (  all is           
unque/ionably ,&rew ,johnson1 ! pres5t  
,presid5t ( ! ,unit$  ,/ates--a man (   
extraord9>y =ce ( "* & vig\r (          
intellect4  ,9 8 great spee* at         
,wa%+ton1 :5 describ+ himself z hav+    
begun 8 political c>e] z an ald]man1 &  
run ?r\gh all !  bran*es ( !            
legislature1 a voice 9 ! cr[d cri$1 8,f 
a tailor  up40  ,x 0 *>act]i/ic (       
,johnson to take ! int5d$ s>casm 9  good
 "p1 & ev5 to turn x to acc\nt4  8,"s   
g5tleman says ,i h  be5 a tailor4  ,t   
does n disconc]t me 9 ! lea/2 = :5 ,i 0 
a tailor ,i _h ! reputation ( be+ a good

 "o1 & mak+ close fits2  ,i 0 always    
punctual ) my cu/om]s1 & always did good
 "w40    ,c>d9al ,wolsey1 ,de ,foe1     
,ak5side1 & ,kirke ,:ite 7 ! sons (     
but*]s2 ,bunyan 0 a t9k]1 & ,joseph     
,lanca/] a basket-mak]4  ,among ! great 
names id5tifi$ ) ! inv5tion ( !         
/eam-eng9e  are ^? ( ,newcom51 ,watt1 & 
,/eph5son2 ! fir/ a blacksmi?1 !  second
 a mak] ( ma!matical in/rum5ts1 & ! ?ird
 an  eng9e-fireman4  ,hunt+don ! prea*] 
0 orig9ally a coalheav]1 &  ,bewick1 !  
fa!r ( wood-engrav+1 a coalm9]4         
,dodsley 0 a  footman1 & ,holcr(t a     
groom4  ,baff9 ! navigator began 8      
seaf>+  c>e] z a man be=e ! ma/1 & ,sir 
,cl\desley ,%ovel z a  cab9-boy4        
,h]s*el play$ ! oboe 9 a milit>y b&4    
,*antrey 0 a  j\rneyman c>v]1 ,etty a   
j\rneyman pr9t]1 & ,sir ,?omas ,lawr5ce 
!  son ( a tav]n-keep]4  ,mi*ael        
,f>aday1 ! son ( a blacksmi?1 0 9  e>ly 
life appr5tic$ to a bookb9d]1 & work$ at
 t trade until he  rea*$ 8 tw5ty-second 
ye>3 he n[ occupies ! v fir/ rank z a   

philosoph]1 excell+ ev5 8 ma/]1 ,sir    
,humphry ,davy1 9 ! art (  lucidly      
exp\nd+ ! mo/ difficult & ab/ruse po9ts 
9 natural  sci5ce4    ,among ^? :o h    
giv5 ! greate/ impulse to ! sublime     
sci5ce (  a/ronomy1 we f9d ,cop]nicus1 !
 son ( a ,poli% bak]2 ,kepl]1 ! son  ( a
 ,g]man public-h\se keep]1 & himself !  
8g>on de cab>et20  d',alemb]t1 a f\ndl+ 
pick$ up "o w9t]'s night on ! /eps ( !  
*ur* ( ,/4 ,jean le ,rond at ,p>is1 &   
br\ght up by ! wife ( a  glazi]2 &      
,newton & ,laplace1 ! "o ! son ( a small
 freehold]  ne> ,gran?am1 ! o!r ! son ( 
a poor peasant ( ,beaumont-en-,auge1    
ne> ,honfleur4  ,not)/&+ _! comp>atively
 adv]se circum/ances  9 e>ly life1 ^!   
di/+ui%$ m5 a*iev$ a solid & endur+     
reputation by ! ex]cise ( _! g5ius1 :i* 
all ! weal? 9 !  _w c\ld n h pur*as$4   
,! v possession ( weal? might  inde$ h  
prov$ an ob/acle great] ev5 ?an ! humble
 means to  :i* !y 7 born4  ,! fa!r (    
,lagrange1 ! a/ronom] &  ma!matician1   
held ! (fice ( ,treasur] ( ,w> at ,tur92

 b hav+  ru9$ himself by speculations1 8
 family 7 r$uc$ to comp>ative  pov]ty4  
,to ?is circum/ance ,lagrange 0 9 aft]  
life accu/om$  p>tly to attribute 8 own 
fame & happ9ess4  8,_h ,i be5 ri*10 said
  he1 8,i %\ld probably n h become a    
ma!matician40    ,! sons ( cl]gym5 &    
m9i/]s ( religion g5]ally1 h  p>ticul>ly
 di/+ui%$ !mselves 9 our c\ntry's       
hi/ory4  ,among/  !m we f9d ! names (   
,drake & ,nelson1 celebrat$ 9 naval     
h]oism2  ( ,wolla/on1 ,"y1 ,playfair1 & 
,bell1 9 sci5ce2 ( ,wr51 ,reynolds1     
,wilson1 & ,wilkie1 9 art2 ( ,?url[ &   
,campbell1 9 law2 & (  ,addison1        
,?omson1 ,goldsmi?1 ,col]idge1 &        
,t5nyson1 9 lit]ature4  ,"l ,h>d+e1     
,colonel ,edw>des1 & ,major ,hodson1 s  
hon\rably kn[n 9  ,indian w>f>e1 7 also 
! sons ( cl]gym54  ,inde$1 ! empire (   
,engl& 9 ,india 0 won & held *iefly by  
m5 ( ! middle class--su*  z ,clive1     
,w>r5 ,ha/+s1 & _! successors--m5 = !   
mo/ "p  br$ 9 factories & tra9$ to      
habits ( bus9ess4    ,among ! sons (    

attorneys we f9d ,edmund ,burke1        
,smeaton ! eng9e]1  ,scott & ,wordswor?1
 & ,lords ,som]s1 ,h>dwick1 & ,dunn+4   
,sir  ,william ,black/one 0 ! po/hum\s  
son ( a silk-m]c]4  ,"l  ,gif=d's fa!r 0
 a groc] at ,dov]2 ,"l ,d5man's a       
physician2 judge  ,talf\rd's a c\ntry   
brew]2 & ,"l ,*ief ,b>on ,pollock's a   
celebrat$  saddl] at ,*>+ ,cross4       
,lay>d1 ! discov]] ( ! monum5ts (       
,n9eveh1 0 an articl$ cl]k 9 a ,london  
solicitor's (fice2 & ,sir  ,william     
,arm/rong1 ! inv5tor ( hydraulic ma*9]y 
& ( !  ,arm/rong ordnance1 0 also tra9$ 
to ! law & practis$ = "s  "t z an       
attorney4  ,milton 0 ! son ( a ,london  
scriv5]1 & ,pope  & ,s\!y 7 ! sons (    
l95drap]s4  ,pr(essor ,wilson 0 ! son  (
 a ,paisley manufactur]1 & ,"l ,macaulay
 ( an ,african m]*ant4  ,keats 0 a      
druggi/1 & ,sir ,humphry ,davy a c\ntry 
apo!c>y's  appr5tice4  ,speak+ (        
himself1 ,davy once said1 8,:at ,i am ,i
 h made  myself3 ,i say ?is )\t vanity1 
& 9 pure simplicity ( he>t40  ,ri*>d    

,ow51 ! ,newton ( ,natural ,hi/ory1     
began life z a mid%ipman1  & did n ent] 
^u ! l9e ( sci5tific rese>* 9 :i* he has
  s9ce become s di/+ui%$1 until         
comp>atively late 9 life4  ,he laid  !  
f\ndations ( 8 great k :ile occupi$ 9   
catalogu+ !  magnific5t museum          
accumulat$ by ! indu/ry ( ,john ,hunt]1 
a "w  :i* occupi$ him at ! ,college (   
,surgeons dur+ a p]iod ( ab\t  t5 ye>s4 
,=eign n less ?an ,engli% biography     
ab\nds 9 illu/rations ( m5  :o h        
glorifi$ ! lot ( pov]ty by _! lab\rs &  
_! g5ius4  ,9 ,art we f9d ,claude1 ! son
 ( a pa/rycook2 ,geefs1 ( a bak]2       
,leopold ,rob]t1 ( a wat*mak]2 & ,haydn1
 ( a :eelwright2 :il/  ,dagu]re 0 a     
sc5e-pa9t] at ! ,op]a4  ,! fa!r (       
,gregory ,,vii4  0 a c>p5t]2 ( ,sextus  
,v41 a %eph]d2 & ( ,adrian ,,vi41 a poor
  b>geman4  ,:5 a boy1 ,adrian1 unable  
to pay = a light by :i* to  /udy1 0     
accu/om$ to prep>e 8 lessons by ! light 
( ! lamps 9  ! /reets & ! *ur* por*es1  
exhibit+ a degree ( pati5ce &  indu/ry  

:i* 7 ! c]ta9 =]unn]s ( 8 future        
di/9ction4  ,( l humble orig9 7 ,hauy1 !
 m9]alogi/1 :o 0 ! son ( a  weav] (     
,sa9t-,j2 ,hautefeuille1 ! me*anician1 (
 a bak] at  ,orleans2 ,joseph ,f\ri]1 ! 
ma!matician1 ( a tailor at ,aux]re2     
,dur&1 ! ar*itect1 ( a ,p>is %oemak]2 & 
,gesn]1 ! naturali/1  ( a sk9n] or work]
 9 hides1 at ,zuri*4  ,?is la/ began 8  
c>e]  "u all ! disadvantages att5dant on
 pov]ty1 sickness1 & dome/ic  calamity2 
none ( :i*1 h[ev]1 7 suffici5t to damp 8
 c\rage or  h9d] 8 progress4  ,8 life 0 
inde$ an em95t illu/ration ( !  tru? ( !
 say+1 t ^? :o h mo/ to d & are will+ to
  "w1 w f9d ! mo/ "t4  ,pi]re ,ramus 0  
ano!r man ( l  "*4  ,he 0 ! son ( poor  
p>5ts 9 ,pic>dy1 & :5 a boy 0  employ$  
to t5d %eep4  ,b n lik+ ! occupation he 
ran away to  ,p>is4  ,aft] enc\nt]+ mu* 
mis]y1 he succe$$ 9 ent]+ !  ,college ( 
,nav>re z a s]vant4  ,! situation1      
h[ev]1 op5$ = him  ! road to le>n+1 & he
 %ortly became "o ( ! mo/ di/+ui%$  m5 (
 8 "t4    ,! *emi/ ,vauquel9 0 ! son ( a

 peasant ( ,sa9t-,&r-d',h]betot1  9 !   
,calvados4  ,:5 a boy at s*ool1 ?\gh    
poorly clad1 he 0 full  ( bright        
intellig5ce2 & ! ma/]1 :o taught him to 
read & write1  :5 prais+ him = 8        
dilig5ce1 us$ to say1 8,g on1 my boy2   
"w1  /udy1 ,col91 & "o day y w g z well 
dress$ z ! p>i%  *ur*w>d560  ,a c\ntry  
apo!c>y :o visit$ ! s*ool1 admir$ !     
robu/ boy's arms1 & (f]$ to take him    
into 8 laboratory to p\nd  8 drugs1 to  
:i* ,vauquel9 ass5t$1 9 ! hope ( be+    
able to  cont9ue 8 lessons4  ,b !       
apo!c>y w\ld n p]mit him to sp5d  any "p
 ( 8 "t 9 le>n+2 & on asc]ta9+ ?is1 !   
y\?  imm$iately det]m9$ to quit 8       
s]vice4  ,he !re=e left  ,sa9t-,&r &    
took ! road = ,p>is ) 8 havresac on 8   
back4  ,arriv$ !re1 he se>*$ = a place z
 apo!c>y's boy1 b c\ld n  f9d "o4  ,worn
 out by fatigue & de/itution1 ,vauquel9 
fell ill1 &  9 t /ate 0 tak5 to !       
hospital1 :]e he ?\ght he %\ld die4  ,b 
bett] ?+s 7 9 /ore = ! poor boy4  ,he   
recov]$1 &  aga9 proce$$ 9 8 se>* (     

employm5t1 :i* he at l5g? f\nd  ) an    
apo!c>y4  ,%ortly aft]1 he became kn[n  
to ,f\rcroy !  em95t *emi/1 :o 0 s      
pleas$ ) ! y\? t he made him 8  private 
secret>y2 & _m ye>s aft]1 on ! dea? ( t 
great  philosoph]1 ,vauquel9 succe$$ him
 z ,pr(essor ( ,*emi/ry4  ,f9ally1  9   
#ahbi1 ! electors ( ! di/rict (         
,calvados appo9t$ him _!  repres5tative 
9 ! ,*amb] ( ,deputies1 & he re-ent]$ 9 
triumph  ! village :i* he _h left s _m  
ye>s be=e1 s poor & s  obscure4         
,engl& has no p>allel in/ances to %[1 ( 
promotions f ! ranks  ( ! army to !     
highe/ milit>y (fices2 :i* h be5 s      
common 9  ,france s9ce ! fir/           
,revolution4  8,la c>rire ouv]te aux    
tal5ts0 has  !re receiv$ _m /rik+       
illu/rations1 :i* w\ld d\btless be      
mat*$ among ourselves 7 ! road to       
promotion z op54  ,ho*e1  ,humb]t1 &    
,pi*egru1 began _! respective c>e]s z   
private  soldi]s4  ,ho*e1 :ile 9 ! ,k+'s
 army1 0 accu/om$ to embroid]  wai/coats
 to enable him to e>n money :]e) to     

pur*ase books on  milit>y sci5ce4       
,humb]t 0 a scapegrace :5 a y\?2 at     
sixte5 he  ran away f home1 & 0 by turns
 s]vant to a tradesman at ,nancy1 a     
workman at ,lyons1 & a hawk] ( rabbit   
sk9s4  ,9 #agib1 he enli/$ z  a         
volunte]2 & 9 a ye> he 0 g5]al (        
brigade4  ,kleb]1 ,lefvre1  ,su*et1     
,victor1 ,lannes1 ,s\lt1 ,mass5a1 ,/4   
,cyr1 ,d',erlon1 ,murat1  ,aug]eau1     
,bessires1 & ,ney1 all rose f ! ranks4  
,9 "s cases  promotion 0 rapid1 9 o!rs x
 0 sl[4  ,sa9t ,cyr1 ! son ( a  tann] ( 
,t\l1 began life z an actor1 aft] :i* he
 enli/$ 9 !  ,*asseurs1 & 0 promot$ to a
 capta9cy )9 a ye>4  ,victor1 ,duc de   
,belluno1 enli/$ 9 ! ,artill]y 9 #agha3 
dur+ ! ev5ts prec$+  ! ,revolution he 0 
dis*>g$2 b imm$iately on ! outbreak ( w>
  he re-enli/$1 & 9 ! c\rse ( a few     
mon?s 8 intrepidity &  ability secur$ 8 
promotion z ,adjutant-,major & *ief (   
battalion4  ,murat1 8le beau sabreur10 0
 ! son ( a village innkeep] 9 ,p]igord1 
:]e he look$ aft] ! horses4  ,he fir/   

enli/$ 9 a regim5t (  ,*asseurs1 f :i*  
he 0 dismiss$ = insubord9ation3 b aga9  
enli/+1 he %ortly rose to ! rank (      
,colonel4  ,ney enli/$ at  eighte5 9 a  
huss> regim5t1 & gradually advanc$ /ep  
by /ep3  ,kleb] soon discov]$ 8 m]its1  
surnam+ him 8,! ,indefatigable10 &      
promot$ him to be ,adjutant-,g5]al :5   
only tw5ty-five4  ,on ! o!r  h&1 ,s\lt  
#ae 0 six ye>s f ! date ( 8 enli/m5t    
be=e he  rea*$ ! rank ( s]geant4  ,b    
,s\lt's advancem5t 0 rapid comp>$  ) t (
 ,mass5a1 :o s]v$ = f\rte5 ye>s be=e he 
0 made  s]geant2 & ?\gh he aft]w>ds rose
 successively1 /ep by /ep1 to  ! grades 
( ,colonel1 ,g5]al ( ,division1 &       
,m>%al1 he decl>$ t  ! po/ ( s]geant 0 !
 /ep :i* ( all o!rs _h co/ him !  mo/   
lab\r to w94  ,simil> promotions f !    
ranks1 9 ! ,fr5*  army1 h cont9u$ d[n to
 our own day4  ,*ang>ni] ent]$ ! ,k+'s  
bodygu>d z a private 9 #ahae4  ,m>%al   
,bugeaud s]v$ f\r ye>s 9 !  ranks1 aft] 
:i* he 0 made an (fic]4  ,m>%al ,r&on1 !
 pres5t  ,fr5* ,m9i/] ( ,w>1 began 8    

milit>y c>e] z a drumm] boy2 &  9 !     
portrait ( him 9 ! gall]y at ,v]sailles1
 8 h& re/s ^u  a drum-head1 ! picture   
be+ ?us pa9t$ at 8 own reque/4          
,in/ances su* z ^! inspire ,fr5* soldi]s
 ) en?usiasm = _!  s]vice1 z ea* private
 feels t he may possibly c>ry ! baton ( 
a  m>%al 9 8 knapsack4    ,! in/ances ( 
m51 9 ?is & o!r c\ntries1 :o1 by d9t (  
p]sev]+ application & en]gy1 h rais$    
!mselves f !  humble/ ranks ( indu/ry to
 em95t positions ( usefulness &         
influ5ce 9 society1 are inde$ s num]\s t
 !y h long ceas$  to be reg>d$ z        
exceptional4  ,look+ at "s ( ! m        
rem>kable1  x might almo/ be said t e>ly
 enc\nt] ) difficulty & adv]se          
circum/ances 0 ! necess>y & indisp5sable
 condition ( success4  ,! ,briti% ,h\se 
( ,commons has always conta9$ a         
consid]able numb]  ( su* self-rais$     
m5--fitt+ repres5tatives ( ! indu/rial  
"* ( ! p2 & x is to ! cr$it ( our       
,legislature t  !y h be5 welcom$ &      
hon\r$ !re4  ,:5 ! late ,joseph         

,bro!rton1 memb] = ,sal=d1 9 ! c\rse ( !
 discussion on !  ,t5 ,h\rs ,bill1      
detail$ ) true pa?os ! h>d%ips &        
fatigues to  :i* he _h be5 subject$ :5  
work+ z a factory boy 9 a cotton  mill1 
& describ$ ! resolution :i* he _h !n    
=m$1 t if ev]  x 0 9 8 p[] he w\ld      
endeav\r to ameliorate ! condition (  t 
class1 ,sir ,james ,graham rose         
imm$iately aft] him1 & decl>$1  amid/ ! 
*e]s ( ! ,h\se1 t he did n be=e "k t    
,mr4  ,bro!rton's orig9 _h be5 s humble1
 b t x r5d]$ him m  pr\d ?an he _h ev]  
be=e be5 ( ! ,h\se ( ,commons1 to ?9k t 
a p]son ris5 f t condition %\ld be able 
to sit side by side1 on  equal t]ms1 ) !
 h]$it>y g5try ( ! l&4    ,! late ,mr4  
,fox1 memb] = ,oldham1 0 accu/om$ to    
introduce 8  recollections ( pa/ times )
 ! words1 8:5 ,i 0 work+ z a  weav] boy 
at ,norwi*20 & !re are o!r memb]s (     
p>liam5t1 /ill  liv+1 ^: orig9 has be5  
equally humble4  ,mr4 ,l9dsay1 !        
well-kn[n %ip own]1 until rec5tly memb] 
= ,sund]l&1 once told  ! simple /ory ( 8

 life to ! electors ( ,weym\?1 9 answ]  
to an  attack made ^u him by 8 political
 oppon5ts4  ,he _h be5 left an  orphan  
at f\rte51 & :5 he left ,glasg[ =       
,liv]pool to pu% 8  way 9 ! _w1 n be+   
able to pay ! usual f>e1 ! capta9 (  !  
/eam] agre$ to take 8 lab\r 9 ex*ange1 &
 ! boy work$ 8  passage by trimm+ !     
coals 9 ! coal hole4  ,at ,liv]pool he  
rema9$  = sev5 weeks be=e he c\ld obta9 
employm5t1 dur+ :i* "t he  liv$ 9 %$s & 
f>$ h>dly2 until at la/ he f\nd %elt] on
 bo>d  a ,we/ ,indiaman4  ,he ent]$ z a 
boy1 & be=e he 0 n9ete51 by  /eady good 
conduct he _h ris5 to ! comm& ( a %ip4  
,at  tw5ty-?ree he retir$ f ! sea1 &    
settl$ on %ore1 aft] :i*  8 progress 0  
rapid 8he _h prosp]$10 he said1 8by     
/eady indu/ry1  by con/ant "w1 & by ev] 
keep+ 9 view ! great pr9ciple (  do+ to 
o!rs z y w\ld be done by40    ,! c>e] ( 
,mr4 ,william ,jackson1 ( ,birk5head1 ! 
pres5t memb] =  ,nor? ,d]by%ire1 be>s   
consid]able resemblance to t ( ,mr4     
,l9dsay4  ,8 fa!r1 a surgeon at         

,lanca/]1 di$1 leav+ a family ( elev5   
*ildr51 ( :om ,william ,jackson 0 !     
sev5? son4  ,! eld] boys  _h be5 well   
educat$ :ile ! fa!r liv$1 b at 8 dea? ! 
y\ng] memb]s _h to %ift = !mselves4     
,william1 :5 "u twelve  ye>s old1 0 tak5
 f s*ool1 & put to h>d "w at a %ip's    
side  f six 9 ! morn+ till n9e at night4
  ,8 ma/] fall+ ill1 !  boy 0 tak5 into 
! c\nt+-h\se1 :]e he _h m leisure4  ,?is
  gave him an opportunity ( read+1 &    
hav+ obta9$ access to a set  ( !        
#8,encyclopdia ,britannica1' he read !  
volumes ?r\gh f ,a to  ,z1 p>tly by day1
 b *iefly at night4  ,he aft]w>ds put   
himself to a  trade1 0 dilig5t1 &       
succe$$ 9 x4  ,n[ he has %ips sail+ on  
almo/ e sea1 & holds comm]cial relations
 ) ne>ly e  c\ntry on ! globe4    ,among
 l m5 ( ! same class may be rank$ ! late
 ,ri*>d ,cobd51  ^: />t 9 life 0 equally
 humble4  ,! son ( a small f>m] at      
,midhur/ 9 ,sussex1 he 0 s5t at an e>ly 
age to ,london & employ$ z  a boy 9 a   
w>eh\se 9 ! ,city4  ,he 0 dilig5t1 well 

conduct$1 &  eag] = in=mation4  ,8 ma/]1
 a man ( ! old s*ool1 w>n$ him  aga9/   
too mu* read+2 b ! boy w5t on 9 8 own   
c\rse1 /or+  8 m9d ) ! weal? f\nd 9     
books4  ,he 0 promot$ f "o  position (  
tru/ to ano!r--became a travell] = 8    
h\se--secur$ a  l>ge connection1 &      
ev5tually />t$ 9 bus9ess z a calico     
pr9t]  at ,man*e/]4  ,tak+ an int]e/ 9  
public que/ions1 m especially  9 popul> 
education1 8 att5tion 0 gradually drawn 
to ! subject (  ! ,corn ,laws1 to !     
repeal ( :i* he may be said to h devot$ 
8  =tune & 8 life4  ,x may be m5tion$ z 
a curi\s fact t !  fir/ spee* he deliv]$
 9 public 0 a total failure4  ,b he _h  
great p]sev]ance1 application1 & en]gy2 
& ) p]si/5cy &  practice1 he became at  
l5g? "o ( ! mo/ p]suasive & effective ( 
public speak]s1 extort+ ! dis9t]e/$     
eulogy ( ev5 ,sir ,rob]t  ,peel himself4
  ,m4 ,dr\yn de ,lhuys1 ! ,fr5*         
,ambassador1 has eloqu5tly  said ( ,mr4 
,cobd51 t he 0 8a liv+ pro( ( :at m]it1 
p]sev]ance1 & lab\r c accompli%2 "o ( ! 

mo/ complete  examples ( ^? m5 :o1      
sprung f ! humble/ ranks ( society1     
raise !mselves to ! highe/ rank 9 public
 e/imation by ! effect  ( _! own wor? & 
( _! p]sonal s]vices2 f9ally1 "o ( !    
r>e/ examples ( ! solid qualities inh]5t
 9 ! ,engli%  "*40    ,9 all ^! cases1  
/r5u\s individual application 0 ! price 
paid  = di/9ction2 excell5ce ( any sort 
be+ inv>iably plac$ beyond  ! rea* (    
indol5ce4  ,x is ! dilig5t h& & head    
alone t  make? ri*--9 self-culture1 gr[?
 9 wisdom1 & 9 bus9ess4  ,ev5  :5 m5 are
 born to weal? & high social position1  
any solid  reputation :i* !y may        
individually a*ieve c only be atta9$ by 
en]getic application2 = ?\gh an         
inh]itance ( acres may be  bequea!d1 an 
inh]itance ( k & wisdom _c4  ,! weal?y  
man may pay o!rs = do+ 8 "w = him1 b x  
is impossible to  get 8 ?9k+ done = him 
by ano!r1 or to pur*ase any k9d (       
self-culture4  ,inde$1 ! doctr9e t      
excell5ce 9 any pursuit is  only to be  
a*iev$ by labori\s application1 holds z 

true 9 ! case  ( ! man ( weal? z 9 t (  
,drew & ,gif=d1 ^: only s*ool  0 a      
cobbl]'s /all1 or ,hugh ,mill]1 ^: only 
college 0 a ,crom>ty  /one qu>ry4       
,ri*es & ease1 x is p]fectly cle>1 are n
 necess>y = man's  highe/ culture1 else 
_h n ! _w be5 s l>gely indebt$ 9 all    
times to ^? :o h sprung f ! humbl]      
ranks4  ,an easy &  luxuri\s exi/5ce    
does n tra9 m5 to ef=t or enc\nt] )     
difficulty2 nor does x awak5 t          
consci\sness ( p[] :i* is s  necess>y = 
en]getic & effective action 9 life4     
,inde$1 s f>  f pov]ty be+ a mis=tune1 x
 may1 by vigor\s self-help1 be  conv]t$ 
ev5 into a bless+2 r\s+ a man to t      
/ruggle ) !  _w 9 :i*1 ?\gh "s may      
pur*ase ease by degradation1 !  "r-m9d$ 
& true-he>t$ f9d /r5g?1 confid5ce1 &    
triumph4  ,bacon says1 8,m5 seem nei!r  
to und]/& _! ri*es nor _!  /r5g?3 ( !   
=m] !y believe great] ?+s ?an !y %\ld2 (
  ! latt] mu* less4  ,self-reliance &   
self-d5ial w tea* a man to  dr9k out ( 8
 own ci/]n1 & eat 8 own sweet bread1 &  

to le>n  & lab\r truly to get 8 liv+1 & 
c>efully to exp5d ! good  ?+s committ$  
to 8 tru/40    ,ri*es are s great a     
temptation to ease & self-indulg5ce1 to 
:i*  m5 are by nature prone1 t ! glory  
is all ! great] ( ^? :o1  born to ample 
=tunes1 nev]!less take an active "p 9 ! 
"w (  _! g5]ation--:o 8scorn delights & 
live labori\s days40  ,x is to  ! hon\r 
( ! weal?i] ranks 9 ?is c\ntry t !y are 
n  idl]s2 = !y d _! fair %>e ( ! "w ( ! 
/ate1 &  usually take m ?an _! fair %>e 
( its dang]s4  ,x 0 a f9e  ?+ said ( a  
subalt]n (fic] 9 ! ,p59sul> campaigns1  
obs]v$  trudg+ alone ?r\gh mud & mire by
 ! side ( 8 regim5t1 8,!re  goes        
#ae1jjjl4 a ye>60 & 9 our own day1 !    
bleak slopes (  ,seba/opol & ! burn+    
soil ( ,india h borne witness to ! l    
noble self-d5ial & devotion on ! "p (   
our g5tl] classes2 _m a  gallant & noble
 fell[1 ( rank & e/ate1 hav+ risk$ 8    
life1 or  lo/ x1 9 "o or o!r ( ^? fields
 ( action1 9 ! s]vice ( 8  c\ntry4      
,nor h ! weal?i] classes be5 undi/+ui%$ 

9 ! m peaceful  pursuits ( philosophy & 
sci5ce4  ,take1 = in/ance1 ! great names
  ( ,bacon1 ! fa!r ( mod]n philosophy1 &
 ( ,worce/]1 ,boyle1  ,cav5di%1 ,talbot1
 & ,rosse1 9 sci5ce4  ,! la/ nam$ may be
 reg>d$  z ! great me*anic ( ! pe]age2 a
 man :o1 if he _h n be5 born  a pe]1    
w\ld probably h tak5 ! highe/ rank z an 
inv5tor4  ,s  ?or\gh is 8 k ( smi?-"w t 
he is said to h be5  press$ on "o       
occasion to accept ! =eman%ip ( a l>ge  
work%op1 by  a manufactur] to :om 8 rank
 0 unkn[n4  ,! great ,rosse telescope1  
( 8 own fabrication1 is c]ta9ly ! mo/   
extraord9>y in/rum5t (  ! k9d t has yet 
be5 con/ruct$4    ,b x is pr9cipally 9 !
 dep>tm5ts ( politics & lit]ature t  we 
f9d ! mo/ en]getic lab\r]s among/ our   
high] classes4  ,success  9 ^! l9es (   
action1 z 9 all o!rs1 c only be a*iev$  
?r\gh  indu/ry1 practice1 & /udy2 & !   
great ,m9i/]1 or p>liam5t>y  lead]1 mu/ 
necess>ily be among/ ! v h>de/ ( work]s4
  ,su*  0 ,palm]/on2 & su* are ,d]by &  
,russell1 ,disraeli & ,glad/one4  ,^! m5

 h _h ! b5efit ( no ,t5 ,h\rs ,bill1 b h
 (t51  dur+ ! busy season ( ,p>liam5t1  
work$ 8d\ble %ift10 almo/ day  & night4 
,"o ( ! mo/ illu/ri\s ( su* work]s 9    
mod]n times  0 unque/ionably ! late ,sir
 ,rob]t ,peel4  ,he possess$ 9 an       
extraord9>y degree ! p[] ( cont9u\s     
intellectual lab\r1 nor did  he sp>e    
himself4  ,8 c>e]1 inde$1 pres5t$ a     
rem>kable example (  h[ mu* a man (     
comp>atively mod]ate p[]s c accompli% by
 means  ( assidu\s application &        
indefatigable indu/ry4  ,dur+ ! =ty     
ye>s t he held a seat 9 ,p>liam5t1 8    
lab\rs 7 prodigi\s4  ,he  0 a mo/       
consci5ti\s man1 & :atev] he und]took to
 d1 he did  ?or\ghly4  ,all 8 spee*es   
be> evid5ce ( 8 c>eful /udy (  ev]y?+ t 
_h be5 spok5 or writt5 on ! subject "u  
consid]ation4  ,he 0 elaborate almo/ to 
excess2 & sp>$ no pa9s to  adapt himself
 to ! v>i\s capacities ( 8 audi5ce4     
,)al1 he  possess$ mu* practical        
sagacity1 great /r5g? ( purpose1 & p[]  
to direct ! issues ( action ) /eady h& &

 eye4  ,9 "o respect  he surpass$ mo/   
m53 8 pr9ciples broad5$ & enl>g$ ) "t2  
& age1 in/ead ( contract+1 only s]v$ to 
mell[ & rip5 8  nature4  ,to ! la/ he   
cont9u$ op5 to ! reception ( new views1 
&1 ?\gh _m ?\ght him cauti\s to excess1 
he did n all[ himself  to fall into t   
indiscrim9at+ admiration ( ! pa/1 :i* is
 !  palsy ( _m m9ds simil>ly educat$1 & 
r5d]s ! old age ( _m  no?+ b a pity4    
,! indefatigable indu/ry ( ,"l ,br\gham 
has become almo/ prov]bial4  ,8 public  
lab\rs h ext5d$ ov] a p]iod ( upw>ds (  
sixty ye>s1  dur+ :i* he has rang$ ov]  
_m fields--( law1 lit]ature1 politics1  
& sci5ce1--& a*iev$ di/9ction 9 !m all4 
,h[ he contriv$ x1  has be5 to _m a     
my/]y4  ,once1 :5 ,sir ,samuel ,romilly 
0 reque/$  to und]take "s new "w1 he    
excus$ himself by say+ t he _h no  "t2  
8b10 he add$1 8g ) x to t fell[         
,br\gham1 he seems to  h "t = ev]y?+40  
,! secret ( x 01 t he nev] left a  m9ute
 unemploy$2 )al he possess$ a           
con/itution ( iron4  ,:5  arriv$ at an  

age at :i* mo/ m5 w\ld h retir$ f ! _w  
to  enjoy _! h>d-e>n$ leisure1 p]haps to
 doze away _! "t 9 an  easy *air1 ,"l   
,br\gham comm5c$ & prosecut$ a s]ies (  
elaborate  inve/igations z to ! laws (  
,light1 & he submitt$ ! results to  !   
mo/ sci5tific audi5ces t ,p>is & ,london
 c\ld mu/]4  ,ab\t  ! same "t1 he 0     
pass+ ?r\gh ! press 8 admirable sket*es 
(  ! #8,m5 ( ,sci5ce & ,lit]ature ( !   
,reign ( ,george ,,iii41' &  tak+ 8 full
 %>e ( ! law bus9ess & ! political      
discussions  9 ! ,h\se ( ,lords4        
,sydney ,smi? once recomm5d$ him to     
conf9e  himself to only ! transaction ( 
s mu* bus9ess z ?ree /rong m5  c\ld get 
?r\gh4  ,b su* 0 ,br\gham's love (      
"w--long become a  habit--t no am\nt (  
application seems to h be5 too great =  
him2  & su* 0 8 love ( excell5ce1 t x   
has be5 said ( him t if  8 /ation 9 life
 _h be5 only t ( a %oe-black1 he w\ld   
nev]  h re/$ satisfi$ until he _h become
 ! be/ %oe-black 9 ,engl&4    ,ano!r    
h>d-work+ man ( ! same class is ,sir ,e4

 ,bulw] ,lytton4  ,few  writ]s h done m1
 or a*iev$ high] di/9ction 9 v>i\s      
walks--z a noveli/1 poet1 dramati/1     
hi/orian1 essayi/1 orator1 &            
politician4  ,he has work$ 8 way /ep by 
/ep1 disda9ful ( ease1 &  animat$       
?r\gh\t by ! ard5t desire to excel4  ,on
 ! score ( m]e  indu/ry1 !re are few    
liv+ ,engli% writ]s :o h writt5 s mu*1  
& none t h produc$ s mu* ( high quality4
  ,! indu/ry (  ,bulw] is entitl$ to all
 ! great] praise t x has be5 entirely   
self-impos$4  ,to hunt1 & %oot1 & live  
at ease1--to frequ5t !  clubs & enjoy ! 
op]a1 ) ! v>iety ( ,london visit+ &     
sight-see+ dur+ ! 8season10 & !n (f to !
 c\ntry mansion1  ) its well-/ock$      
pres]ves1 & its ?\s& delightful out-door
  pleasures1--to travel abroad1 to      
,p>is1 ,vi5na1 or ,rome1--all ?is is    
excessively attractive to a lov] (      
pleasure & a man ( =tune1 &  by no means
 calculat$ to make him volunt>ily       
und]take cont9u\s  lab\r ( any k9d4     
,yet ^! pleasures1 all )9 8 rea*1 ,bulw]

  mu/1 z comp>$ ) m5 born to simil>     
e/ate1 h d5i$ himself 9  assum+ !       
position & pursu+ ! c>e] ( a lit]>y man4
  ,l  ,byron1 8 fir/ ef=t 0 poetical    
7#8,we$s & ,wild ,fl[]s'71 & a  failure4
  ,8 second 0 a novel 7#8,falkl&'71 & x 
prov$ a failure  too4  ,a man ( weak]   
n]ve w\ld h dropp$ au?or%ip2 b ,bulw] _h
  pluck & p]sev]ance2 & he work$ on1    
det]m9$ to succe$4  ,he 0  incessantly  
indu/ri\s1 read ext5sively1 & f failure 
w5t  c\rage\sly onw>ds to success4      
#8,pelham' foll[$ #8,falkl&' )9 a  ye>1 
& ! rema9d] ( ,bulw]'s lit]>y life1 n[  
ext5d+ ov] a  p]iod ( ?irty ye>s1 has   
be5 a succession ( triumphs4    ,mr4    
,disraeli af=ds a simil> in/ance ( ! p[]
 ( indu/ry &  application 9 work+ out an
 em95t public c>e]4  ,8 fir/  a*ievem5ts
 71 l ,bulw]'s1 9 lit]ature2 & he rea*$ 
success  only ?r\gh a succession (      
failures4  ,8 #8,wondr\s ,tale ( ,alroy'
 &  #8,revolution>y ,epic' 7 laugh$ at1 
& reg>d$ z indications (  lit]>y lunacy4
  ,b he work$ on 9 o!r directions1 & 8  

#8,con+sby1' #8,sybil1' & #8,tancr$1'   
prov$ ! /]l+ /uff ( :i*  he 0 made4  ,z 
an orator too1 8 fir/ appe>ance 9 !     
,h\se (  ,commons 0 a failure4  ,x 0    
spok5 ( z 8m scream+ ?an an  ,adelphi   
f>ce40  ,?\gh compos$ 9 a gr& & ambiti\s
 /ra91 e  s5t5ce 0 hail$ ) 8l\d         
laught]40  #8,hamlet' play$ z a com$y  7
 no?+ to x4  ,b he conclud$ ) a s5t5ce  
:i* embodi$ a  prophecy4  ,wri?+ "u !   
laught] ) :i* 8 /udi$ eloqu5ce  _h be5  
receiv$1 he exclaim$1 8,i h begun sev]al
 times _m ?+s1  & h succe$$ 9 !m at la/4
  ,i %all sit d[n n[1 b ! "t  w come :5 
y w he> me40  ,! "t did come2 & h[      
,disraeli  succe$$ 9 at l5g? comm&+ !   
att5tion ( ! fir/ assembly (  g5tlem5 9 
! _w1 af=ds a /rik+ illu/ration ( :at   
en]gy  & det]m9ation w d2 = ,disraeli   
e>n$ 8 position by d9t (  pati5t        
indu/ry4  ,he did n1 z _m "y m5 d1 hav+ 
once fail$1  retire deject$1 to mope &  
:9e 9 a corn]1 b dilig5tly set  himself 
to "w4  ,he c>efully unle>nt 8 faults1  
/udi$ ! "*  ( 8 audi5ce1 practis$       

s$ul\sly ! art ( spee*1 &  indu/ri\sly  
fill$ 8 m9d ) ! elem5ts ( p>liam5t>y  k4
  ,he work$ pati5tly = success2 & x     
came1 b sl[ly3  !n ! ,h\se laugh$ ) him1
 in/ead ( at him4  ,! recollection (  8 
e>ly failure 0 effac$1 & by g5]al cons5t
 he 0 at l5g?  admitt$ to be "o ( ! mo/ 
f9i%$ & effective ( p>liam5t>y  speak]s4
    ,al?\gh mu* may be accompli%$ by    
means ( individual indu/ry &  en]gy1 z  
^! & o!r in/ances set =? 9 ! foll[+     
pages  s]ve to illu/rate1 x mu/ at !    
same "t be ackn[l$g$ t !  help :i* we   
d]ive f o!rs 9 ! j\rney ( life is ( v   
great  importance4  ,! poet ,wordswor?  
has well said t 8^! two ?+s1            
contradictory ?\gh !y may seem1 mu/ g   
toge!r--manly dep5d5ce &  manly         
indep5d5ce1 manly reliance & manly      
self-reliance40  ,f  infancy to old age1
 all are m or less indebt$ to o!rs =    
nurture  & culture2 & ! be/ & /ronge/   
are usually f\nd ! readie/ to  ackn[l$ge
 su* help4  ,take1 = example1 ! c>e] ( !
 late ,alexis  de ,tocqueville1 a man   

d\bly well-born1 = 8 fa!r 0 a  di/+ui%$ 
pe] ( ,france1 & 8 "m a gr&-daught] (   
,male%]bes4  ,?r\gh p[]ful family       
influ5ce1 he 0 appo9t$ ,judge  ,auditor 
at ,v]sailles :5 only tw5ty-"o2 b       
probably feel+ t he  _h n fairly won !  
position by m]it1 he det]m9$ to give x  
up &  owe 8 future advancem5t 9 life to 
himself alone4  8,a fooli%  resolution10
 "s w say2 b ,de ,tocqueville bravely   
act$ x out4  ,he  resign$ 8 appo9tm5t1 &
 made arrangem5ts to leave ,france = !  
purpose ( travell+ ?r\gh ! ,unit$       
,/ates1 ! results ( :i*  7 publi%$ 9 8  
great book on #8,democracy 9 ,am]ica4'  
,8 fri5d  & travell+ companion1 ,gu/ave 
de ,beaumont1 has describ$ 8            
indefatigable indu/ry dur+ ?is j\rney4  
8,8 nature10 he says1 80  :olly av]se to
 idl5ess1 & :e!r he 0 travell+ or re/+1 
8  m9d 0 always at "w4 4 4 4 ,) ,alexis1
 ! mo/ agreeable  conv]sation 0 t :i* 0 
! mo/ useful4  ,! wor/ day 0 !  lo/ day1
 or ! day ill sp5t2 ! lea/ loss ( "t    
annoy$ him40  ,tocqueville himself wrote

 to a fri5d--8,!re is no "t ( life at   
:i*  "o c :olly cease f action1 = ef=t  
)\t "o's self1 &  /ill m ef=t )91 is    
equally necess>y1 if n m s1 :5 we  gr[  
old1 z x is 9 y\?4  ,i comp>e man 9 ?is 
_w to a travell]  j\rney+ )\t ceas+     
t[>ds a cold] & cold] region2 ! high]   
he goes1 ! fa/] he ought to walk4  ,!   
great malady ( ! s\l is  cold4  ,& 9    
resi/+ ?is =midable evil1 "o ne$s n only
 to be  su/a9$ by ! action ( a m9d      
employ$1 b also by contact )  "o's      
fell[s 9 ! bus9ess ( life40 #be         
,not)/&+ de ,tocqueville's decid$ views 
z to ! necessity (  ex]cis+ individual  
en]gy & self-dep5d5ce1 no "o c\ld be m  
ready ?an he 0 to recognise ! value ( t 
help & support =  :i* all m5 are indebt$
 to o!rs 9 a great] or less degree4     
,?us1  he (t5 ackn[l$g$1 ) gratitude1 8 
obligations to 8 fri5ds ,de  ,k]gorlay &
 ,/(ells1--to ! =m] = intellectual      
assi/ance1 & to  ! latt] = moral support
 & sympa?y4  ,to ,de ,k]gorlay he       
wrote--8,?9e is ! only s\l 9 :i* ,i h   

confid5ce1 & ^:  influ5ce ex]cises a    
g5u9e effect ^u my own4  ,_m o!rs h     
influ5ce ^u ! details ( my actions1 b no
 "o has s mu*  influ5ce z ?\ on !       
orig9ation ( fundam5tal ideas1 & ( ^?   
pr9ciples :i* are ! rule ( conduct40    
,de ,tocqueville 0 n less  ready to     
confess ! great obligations :i* he ow$  
to 8 wife1 ,m>ie1  = ! pres]vation ( t  
temp] & frame ( m9d :i* enabl$ him  to  
prosecute 8 /udies ) success4  ,he      
believ$ t a noble-m9d$  woman ins5sibly 
elevat$ ! "* ( h] husb&1 :ile "o ( a    
grovell+ nature z c]ta9ly t5d$ to       
degrade x4 #bf    ,9 f9e1 human "* is   
m\ld$ by a ?\s& subtle influ5ces2 by    
example & precept2 by life & lit]ature2 
by fri5ds & neighb\rs2  by ! _w we live 
9 z well z by ! spirits ( our =efa!rs1  
^: legacy ( good words & de$s we inh]it4
  ,b great1  unque/ionably1 ?\gh ^!     
influ5ces are ackn[l$g$ to be1 x is     
nev]!less equally cle> t m5 mu/         
necess>ily be ! active ag5ts  ( _! own  
well-be+ & well-do+2 & t1 h[ev] mu* !   

wise  & ! good may owe to o!rs1 !y      
!mselves mu/ 9 ! v nature  ( ?+s be _!  
own be/ help]s4          ,,*apt] ,,ii4  
,,lead]s ,,( ,,indu/ry--,,inv5tors ,,&  
,,produc]s4          8,le travail et la 
,sci5ce sont dsormais les matres du     
monde40--,de      ,salv&y4              
8,d$uct all t m5 ( ! humbl] classes h   
done = ,engl& 9      ! way ( inv5tions  
only1 & see :]e %e w\ld h be5 b =       
!m40--,ar?ur ,helps4    ,,"o ( ! mo/    
/rongly-m>k$ features ( ! ,engli% p is  
_!  _s ( indu/ry1 /&+ out prom95t &     
di/9ct 9 _! pa/  hi/ory1 & z /rik+ly    
*>act]i/ic ( !m n[ z at any =m]  p]iod4 
,x is ?is _s1 display$ by ! commons (   
,engl&1 :i*  has laid ! f\ndations &    
built up ! indu/rial greatness ( !      
empire4  ,?is vigor\s gr[? ( ! nation   
has be5 ma9ly ! result (  ! free en]gy (
 individuals1 & x has be5 cont+5t ^u !  
numb] ( h&s & m9ds f "t to "t actively  
employ$ )9 x1  :e!r z cultivators ( !   
soil1 produc]s ( articles ( utility1    
contriv]s ( tools & ma*9es1 writ]s (    

books1 or creators ( works  ( art4  ,&  
:ile ?is _s ( active indu/ry has be5 !  
vital  pr9ciple ( ! nation1 x has also  
be5 its sav+ & rem$ial "o1  c\nt]act+ f 
"t to "t ! effects ( errors 9 our laws &
  imp]fections 9 our con/itution4    ,! 
c>e] ( indu/ry :i* ! nation has pursu$1 
has also prov$ its  be/ education4  ,z  
/eady application to "w is ! heal?ie/   
tra9+  = e individual1 s is x ! be/     
discipl9e ( a /ate4  ,hon\rable indu/ry 
travels ! same road ) duty2 & ,provid5ce
 has  closely l9k$ bo? ) happ9ess4  ,!  
gods1 says ! poet1 h plac$  lab\r & toil
 on ! way lead+ to ! ,elysian fields4   
,c]ta9 x is  t no bread eat5 by man is s
 sweet z t e>n$ by 8 own lab\r1  :e!r   
bodily or m5tal4  ,by lab\r ! e>? has   
be5 subdu$1 & man  r$eem$ f b>b>ism2 nor
 has a s+le /ep 9 civilization be5 made 
)\t x4  ,lab\r is n only a necessity & a
 duty1 b a bless+3  only ! idl] feels x 
to be a curse4  ,! duty ( "w is writt5  
on  ! !ws & muscles ( ! limbs1 !        
me*anism ( ! h&1 ! n]ves  & lobes ( !   

bra9--! sum ( ^: heal?y action is       
satisfaction  & enjoym5t4  ,9 ! s*ool ( 
lab\r is taught ! be/ practical  wisdom2
 nor is a life ( manual employm5t1 z we 
%all h]eaft] f9d1  incompatible ) high  
m5tal culture4    ,hugh ,mill]1 ?an :om 
none knew bett] ! /r5g? & ! weakness    
belong+ to ! lot ( lab\r1 /at$ ! result 
( 8 exp]i5ce to  be1 t ,"w1 ev5 ! h>de/1
 is full ( pleasure & mat]ials =        
self-improvem5t4  ,he held hone/ lab\r  
to be ! be/ ( tea*]s1 &  t ! s*ool (    
toil is ! noble/ ( s*ools--save only !  
,*ri/ian  "o1--t x is a s*ool 9 :i* !   
ability ( be+ useful is  imp>t$1 ! _s ( 
indep5d5ce le>nt1 & ! habit ( p]sev]+   
ef=t acquir$4  ,he 0 ev5 ( op9ion t !   
tra9+ ( !  me*anic1--by ! ex]cise :i* x 
gives to 8 obs]vant faculties1 f  8     
daily deal+ ) ?+s actual & practical1 & 
! close  exp]i5ce ( life :i* he         
acquires1--bett] fits him = pick+ 8 way 
along ! j\rney ( life1 & is m fav\rable 
to 8 gr[? z a ,man1  emphatically       
speak+1 ?an ! tra9+ af=d$ by any o!r    

condition4    ,! array ( great names :i*
 we h already cursorily cit$1 ( m5      
spr++ f ! ranks ( ! indu/rial classes1  
:o h a*iev$  di/9ction 9 v>i\s walks (  
life--9 sci5ce1 comm]ce1 lit]ature1  &  
art--%[s t at all ev5ts ! difficulties  
int]pos$ by pov]ty  & lab\r are n       
insurm\ntable4  ,z respects ! great     
contrivances  & inv5tions :i* h conf]r$ 
s mu* p[] & weal? ^u !  nation1 x is    
unque/ionable t = ! great] "p ( !m we h 
be5 indebt$ to m5 ( ! humble/ rank4     
,d$uct :at !y h done 9  ?is p>ticul> l9e
 ( action1 & x w be f\nd t v little     
inde$ rema9s = o!r m5 to h accompli%$4  
,inv5tors h set 9 motion "s ( ! greate/ 
indu/ries ( !  _w4  ,to !m society owes 
_m ( its *ief necess>ies1 com=ts1 &     
luxuries2 & by _! g5ius & lab\r daily   
life has be5 r5d]$ 9  all respects m    
easy z well z enjoyable4  ,our food1 our
 clo?+1 !  furniture ( our homes1 !     
glass :i* admits ! light to our dwell+s 
at ! same "t t x excludes ! cold1 ! gas 
:i* illum9ates our  /reets1 our means ( 

locomotion by l& & by sea1 ! tools by   
:i*  our v>i\s articles ( necessity &   
luxury are fabricat$1 h be5  ! result ( 
! lab\r & +5uity ( _m m5 & _m m9ds4     
,mank9d at l>ge are all ! happi] = su*  
inv5tions1 & are e  day reap+ ! b5efit (
 !m 9 an increase ( individual well-be+ 
z well z ( public enjoym5t4    ,?\gh !  
inv5tion ( ! work+ /eam-eng9e--! k+ (   
ma*9es--belongs1 comp>atively speak+1 to
 our own epo*1 ! idea (  x 0 born _m    
c5turies ago4  ,l o!r contrivances &    
discov]ies1  x 0 effect$ /ep by /ep--"o 
man transmitt+ ! result ( 8  lab\rs1 at 
! "t app>5tly useless1 to 8 successors1 
:o took x  up & c>ri$ x =w>d ano!r      
/age1--! prosecution ( ! inquiry  ext5d+
 ov] _m g5]ations4  ,?us ! idea         
promulgat$ by ,h]o (  ,alex&ria 0 nev]  
altoge!r lo/2 b1 l ! gra9 ( :eat hid 9  
! h& ( ! ,egyptian mummy1 x spr\t$ &    
aga9 grew vigor\sly  :5 br\ght into !   
full light ( mod]n sci5ce4  ,!          
/eam-eng9e 0  no?+1 h[ev]1 until x em]g$
 f ! /ate ( !ory1 & 0  tak5 9 h& by     

practical me*anics2 & :at a noble /ory (
 pati5t1  labori\s inve/igation1 (      
difficulties enc\nt]$ & ov]come by      
h]oic indu/ry1 does n t m>vell\s ma*9e  
tell (6  ,x is inde$1  9 itself1 a      
monum5t ( ! p[] ( self-help 9 man4      
,gr\p$ ar\nd  x we f9d ,sav>y1 ! milit>y
 eng9e]2 ,newcom51 ! ,d>tm\?  blacksmi?2
 ,cawley1 ! glazi]2 ,pott]1 ! eng9e-boy2
 ,smeaton1 !  civil eng9e]2 &1 t[]+     
above all1 ! labori\s1 pati5t1          
nev]-tir+ ,james ,watt1 !               
ma!matical-in/rum5t mak]4    ,watt 0 "o 
( ! mo/ indu/ri\s ( m52 & ! /ory ( 8    
life  proves1 :at all exp]i5ce confirms1
 t x is n ! man ( !  greate/ natural    
vig\r & capacity :o a*ieves ! highe/    
results1  b he :o employs 8 p[]s ) !    
greate/ indu/ry & ! mo/  c>efully       
discipl9$ skill--! skill t comes by     
lab\r1 application1  & exp]i5ce4  ,_m m5
 9 8 "t knew f> m ?an ,watt1 b none     
lab\r$ s assidu\sly z he did to turn all
 t he did "k to useful  practical       
purposes4  ,he 01 above all ?+s1 mo/    

p]sev]+ 9 !  pursuit ( facts4  ,he      
cultivat$ c>efully t habit ( active     
att5tion  on :i* all ! high] work+      
qualities ( ! m9d ma9ly dep5d4  ,inde$1 
,mr4 ,edgewor? ent]ta9$ ! op9ion1 t !   
diff]5ce (  intellect 9 m5 dep5ds m ^u !
 e>ly cultivation ( ?is habit  (        
att5tion1 ?an ^u any great disp>ity     
betwe5 ! p[]s ( "o  individual & ano!r4 
,ev5 :5 a boy1 ,watt f\nd sci5ce 9 8    
toys4  ,! quadrants ly+  ab\t 8 fa!r's  
c>p5t]'s %op l$ him to ! /udy ( optics &
  a/ronomy2 8 ill heal? induc$ him to   
pry into ! secrets (  physiology2 & 8   
solit>y walks ?r\gh ! c\ntry attract$   
him to  ! /udy ( botany & hi/ory4  ,:ile
 c>ry+ on ! bus9ess ( a                 
ma!matical-in/rum5t mak]1 he receiv$ an 
ord] to build an organ2  &1 ?\gh )\t an 
e> = music1 he und]took ! /udy (        
h>monics1 & successfully con/ruct$ !    
in/rum5t4  ,&1 9 l  mann]1 :5 ! little  
model ( ,newcom5's /eam-eng9e1 belong+  
to  ! ,univ]sity ( ,glasg[1 0 plac$ 9 8 
h&s to repair1 he  =?) set himself to   

le>n all t 0 !n kn[n ab\t heat1         
evaporation1 & cond5sation1--at ! same  
"t plodd+ 8 way 9  me*anics & ! sci5ce (
 con/ruction1--! results ( :i* he at    
l5g? embodi$ 9 8 cond5s+ /eam-eng9e4    
,= t5 ye>s he w5t on contriv+ &         
inv5t+--) little hope to  *e] him1 & )  
few fri5ds to enc\rage him4  ,he w5t on1
 mean:ile1  e>n+ bread = 8 family by    
mak+ & sell+ quadrants1 mak+ &  m5d+    
fiddles1 flutes1 & musical in/rum5ts2   
measur+ mason-"w1  survey+ roads1       
sup]9t5d+ ! con/ruction ( canals1 or do+
  any?+ t turn$ up1 & (f]$ a prospect ( 
hone/ ga94  ,at  l5g?1 ,watt f\nd a fit 
p>tn] 9 ano!r em95t lead] (             
indu/ry--,mat!w ,b\lton1 ( ,birm+ham2 a 
skilful1 en]getic1 &  f>-see+ man1 :o   
vigor\sly und]took ! ent]prise (        
introduc+  ! cond5s+-eng9e into g5]al   
use z a work+ p[]2 & !  success ( bo? is
 n[ matt] ( hi/ory4 #ca    ,_m skilful  
inv5tors h f "t to "t add$ new p[] to ! 
/eam-eng9e2 &1 by num]\s modifications1 
r5d]$ x capable (  be+ appli$ to ne>ly  

all ! purposes ( manufacture--driv+     
ma*9]y1 impell+ %ips1 gr9d+ corn1 pr9t+ 
books1 /amp+  money1 hamm]+1 plan+1 &   
turn+ iron2 9 %ort1 ( p]=m+  e          
description ( me*anical lab\r :]e p[] is
 requir$4  ,"o (  ! mo/ useful          
modifications 9 ! eng9e 0 t devis$ by   
,trevi?ick1 & ev5tually p]fect$ by      
,george ,/eph5son & 8 son1 9  ! =m ( !  
railway locomotive1 by :i* social *anges
 ( imm5se  importance h be5 br\ght ab\t1
 ( ev5 great] consequ5ce1  consid]$ 9 _!
 results on human progress &            
civilization1 ?an !  cond5s+-eng9e (    
,watt4    ,"o ( ! fir/ gr& results (    
,watt's inv5tion1--:i* plac$ an  almo/  
unlimit$ p[] at ! comm& ( ! produc+     
classes1--0 !  e/abli%m5t ( !           
cotton-manufacture4  ,! p]son mo/       
closely  id5tifi$ ) ! f\ndation ( ?is   
great bran* ( indu/ry 0  unque/ionably  
,sir ,ri*>d ,arkwright1 ^: practical    
en]gy & sagacity  7 p]haps ev5 m        
rem>kable ?an 8 me*anical inv5tiv5ess4  
,8  orig9ality z an inv5tor has inde$   

be5 call$ 9 "q1 l t  ( ,watt &          
,/eph5son4  ,arkwright probably /ood 9 !
 same relation to  ! sp9n+-ma*9e t ,watt
 did to ! /eam-eng9e & ,/eph5son to  !  
locomotive4  ,he ga!r$ toge!r ! scatt]$ 
?reads ( +5uity  :i* already exi/$1 &   
wove !m1 aft] 8 own design1 into a new  
& orig9al fabric4  ,?\gh ,lewis ,paul1 (
 ,birm+ham1 pat5t$ !  inv5tion ( sp9n+  
by roll]s ?irty ye>s be=e ,arkwright1 ! 
ma*9es con/ruct$ by him 7 s imp]fect 9  
_! details1 t !y  c\ld n be pr(itably   
work$1 & ! inv5tion 0 practically a     
failure4  ,ano!r obscure me*anic1 a     
re$-mak] ( ,leigh1 nam$ ,?omas  ,highs1 
is also said to h inv5t$ ! wat]-frame & 
sp9n+-j5ny2  b !y1 too1 prov$           
unsuccessful4    ,:5 ! dem&s ( indu/ry  
are f\nd to press ^u ! res\rces (       
inv5tors1 ! same idea is usually f\nd   
float+ ab\t 9 _m  m9ds2--su* has be5 !  
case ) ! /eam-eng9e1 ! safety-lamp1 !   
electric telegraph1 & o!r inv5tions4    
,_m +5i\s m9ds are f\nd  lab\r+ 9 !     
?roes ( inv5tion1 until at l5g? ! ma/]  

m9d1  ! /rong practical man1 /eps =w>d1 
& /raightway deliv]s !m (  _! idea1     
applies ! pr9ciple successfully1 & ! ?+ 
is done4  ,!n !re is a l\d outcry among 
all ! small] contriv]s1 :o see  !mselves
 di/anc$ 9 ! race2 & h5ce m5 su* z      
,watt1 ,/eph5son1  & ,arkwright1 h      
usually to def5d _! reputation & _!     
rights  z practical & successful        
inv5tors4    ,ri*>d ,arkwright1 l mo/ ( 
our great me*anicians1 sprang f !       
ranks4  ,he 0 born 9 ,pre/on 9 #agcb4   
,8 p>5ts 7 v poor1 &  he 0 ! y\nge/ (   
?irte5 *ildr54  ,he 0 nev] at s*ool3 !  
only education he receiv$ he gave to    
himself2 & to ! la/ he 0  only able to  
write ) difficulty4  ,:5 a boy1 he 0    
appr5tic$ to a  b>b]1 & aft] le>n+ !    
bus9ess1 he set up = himself 9 ,bolton1 
:]e he occupi$ an und]gr\nd cell>1 ov]  
:i* he put up ! sign1  8,come to !      
subt]rane\s b>b]--he %aves = a p5ny40   
,! o!r  b>b]s f\nd _! cu/om]s leav+ !m1 
& r$uc$ _! prices to  8 /&>d1 :5        
,arkwright1 det]m9$ to pu% 8 trade1     

ann\nc$ 8  det]m9ation to give 8,a clean
 %ave = a halfp5ny40  ,aft] a few ye>s  
he quitt$ 8 cell>1 & became an it9]ant  
deal] 9 hair4  ,at t  "t wigs 7 worn1 & 
wig-mak+ =m$ an important bran* ( !     
b>b]+ bus9ess4  ,arkwright w5t ab\t buy+
 hair = ! wigs4  ,he  0 accu/om$ to     
att5d ! hir+ fairs ?r\gh\t ,lanca%ire   
resort$  to by "y wom51 = ! purpose (   
secur+ _! long tresses2 & x  is said t 9
 negotiations ( ?is sort he 0 v         
successful4  ,he  also dealt 9 a *emical
 hair dye1 :i* he us$ adroitly1 & !reby 
secur$ a consid]able trade4  ,b he does 
n seem1 not)/&+ 8  pu%+ "*1 to h done m 
?an e>n a b>e liv+4    ,! fa%ion (      
wig-we>+ hav+ und]gone a *ange1 di/ress 
fell ^u  ! wig-mak]s2 & ,arkwright1 be+ 
( a me*anical turn1 0  consequ5tly      
induc$ to turn ma*9e inv5tor or         
8conjur]10 z !  pursuit 0 !n popul>ly   
t]m$4  ,_m attempts 7 made ab\t t  "t to
 inv5t a sp9n+-ma*9e1 & our b>b] det]m9$
 to laun*  8 little b>k on ! sea (      
inv5tion ) ! re/4  ,l o!r  self-taught  

m5 ( ! same bias1 he _h already be5     
devot+ 8 sp>e  "t to ! inv5tion ( a     
p]petual-motion ma*9e2 & f t !          
transition to a sp9n+-ma*9e 0 easy4  ,he
 foll[$ 8 exp]im5ts  s assidu\sly t he  
neglect$ 8 bus9ess1 lo/ ! little money  
he  _h sav$1 & 0 r$uc$ to great pov]ty4 
,8 wife--= he _h by ?is  "t m>ri$--0    
impati5t at :at %e conceiv$ to be a     
wanton wa/e (  "t & money1 & 9 a mom5t (
 sudd5 wra? %e seiz$ ^u &  de/roy$ 8    
models1 hop+ ?us to remove ! cause ( !  
family  privations4  ,arkwright 0 a     
/ubborn & en?usia/ic man1 & he 0        
provok$ beyond measure by ?is conduct ( 
8 wife1 f :om he  imm$iately sep>at$4   
,9 travell+ ab\t ! c\ntry1 ,arkwright _h
 become acqua9t$ ) a  p]son nam$ ,kay1 a
 clockmak] at ,w>r+ton1 :o assi/$ him 9 
con/ruct+ "s ( ! p>ts ( 8               
p]petual-motion ma*9]y4  ,x is  suppos$ 
t he 0 in=m$ by ,kay ( ! pr9ciple (     
sp9n+ by  roll]s2 b x is also said t !  
idea 0 fir/ sugge/$ to him by           
accid5tally obs]v+ a r$-hot piece ( iron

 become elongat$ by  pass+ betwe5 iron  
roll]s4  ,h[ev] ?is may be1 ! idea at   
once took  firm possession ( 8 m9d1 & he
 proce$$ to devise ! process by  :i* x 0
 to be accompli%$1 ,kay be+ able to tell
 him no?+ on  ?is po9t4  ,arkwright n[  
ab&on$ 8 bus9ess ( hair collect+1 &     
devot$ himself to ! p]fect+ ( 8 ma*9e1 a
 model ( :i*1  con/ruct$ by ,kay "u 8   
directions1 he set up 9 ! p>l\r ( !     
,free ,gramm> ,s*ool at ,pre/on4  ,be+ a
 burgess ( ! t[n1 he vot$ at  ! conte/$ 
election at :i* ,g5]al ,burgoyne 0      
return$2 b su*  0 8 pov]ty1 & su* !     
tatt]$ /ate ( 8 dress1 t a numb]  (     
p]sons subscrib$ a sum suffici5t to h   
him put 9 a /ate fit to  appe> 9 !      
poll-room4  ,! exhibition ( 8 ma*9e 9 a 
t[n :]e  s _m workpeople liv$ by !      
ex]cise ( manual lab\r prov$ a  dang]\s 
exp]im5t2 om9\s gr[l+s 7 he>d outside ! 
s*ool-room f "t to "t1 &                
,arkwright1--rememb]+ ! fate (  ,kay1 :o
 0 mobb$ & compell$ to fly f ,lanca%ire 
because ( 8  inv5tion ( ! fly-%uttle1 & 

( poor ,h>greaves1 ^:  sp9n+-j5ny _h be5
 pull$ to pieces only a %ort "t be=e by 
a  ,blackburn mob1--wisely det]m9$ on   
pack+ up 8 model & remov+ to  a less    
dang]\s locality4  ,he w5t accord+ly to 
,nott+ham1 :]e he  appli$ to "s ( !     
local bank]s = pecuni>y assi/ance2 & !  
,messrs4 ,wright cons5t$ to advance him 
a sum ( money on condition (  %>+ 9 !   
pr(its ( ! inv5tion4  ,! ma*9e1 h[ev]1 n
 be+  p]fect$ s soon z !y _h anticipat$1
 ! bank]s recomm5d$  ,arkwright to apply
 to ,messrs4 ,/rutt & ,ne$1 ! =m] ( :om 
0 !  +5i\s inv5tor & pat5tee ( !        
/ock+-frame4  ,mr4 ,/rutt at  once      
appreciat$ ! m]its ( ! inv5tion1 & a    
p>tn]%ip 0  ent]$ into ) ,arkwright1 ^: 
road to =tune 0 n[ cle>4  ,!  pat5t 0   
secur$ 9 ! "n ( 8,ri*>d ,arkwright1 (   
,nott+ham1  clockmak]10 & x is a        
circum/ance wor?y ( note1 t x 0 tak5    
out 9 #agfi1 ! same ye> 9 :i* ,watt     
secur$ ! pat5t = 8  /eam-eng9e4  ,a     
cotton-mill 0 fir/ erect$ at ,nott+ham1 
driv5 by  horses2 & ano!r 0 %ortly aft] 

built1 on a mu* l>g] scale1 at  ,crom=d1
 9 ,d]by%ire1 turn$ by a wat]-:eel1 f   
:i* circum/ance  ! sp9n+-ma*9e came to  
be call$ ! wat]-frame4    ,arkwright's  
lab\rs1 h[ev]1 71 comp>atively speak+1  
only begun4  ,he _h /ill to p]fect all !
 work+ details ( 8 ma*9e4  ,x 0  9 8 h&s
 ! subject ( con/ant modification &     
improvem5t1 until  ev5tually x 0 r5d]$  
practicable & pr(itable 9 an em95t      
degree4  ,b success 0 only secur$ by    
long & pati5t lab\r3 =  "s ye>s1 inde$1 
! speculation 0 di%e>t5+ & unpr(itable1 
swall[+ up a v l>ge am\nt ( capital )\t 
any result4  ,:5  success began to appe>
 m c]ta91 !n ! ,lanca%ire manufactur]s  
fell ^u ,arkwright's pat5t to pull x 9  
pieces1 z ! ,corni% m9]s  fell ^u       
,b\lton & ,watt to rob !m ( ! pr(its (  
_!  /eam-eng9e4  ,arkwright 0 ev5 d5\nc$
 z ! enemy ( ! work+  p2 & a mill :i* he
 built ne> ,*orley 0 de/roy$ by a mob 9 
! pres5ce ( a /rong =ce ( police &      
milit>y4  ,! ,lanca%ire  m5 refus$ to   
buy 8 mat]ials1 ?\gh !y 7 confess$ly !  

be/  9 ! m>ket4  ,!n !y refus$ to pay   
pat5t-"r = ! use ( 8  ma*9es1 & comb9$  
to cru% him 9 ! c\rts ( law4  ,to !     
disgu/  ( "r-m9d$ p1 ,arkwright's pat5t 
0 upset4  ,aft] ! trial1  :5 pass+ !    
hotel at :i* 8 oppon5ts 7 /ay+1 "o ( !m 
said1 l\d en\gh to be he>d by him1      
8,well1 we've done ! old %av] at  la/20 
to :i* he coolly repli$1 8,nev] m9d1    
,i've a razor left t  w %ave y all40    
,he e/abli%$ new mills 9 ,lanca%ire1    
,d]by%ire1  & at ,new ,lan>k1 9 ,scotl&4
  ,! mills at ,crom=d also came into 8  
h&s at ! expiry ( 8 p>tn]%ip ) ,/rutt1 &
 ! am\nt &  ! excell5ce ( 8 products 7  
su*1 t 9 a %ort "t he  obta9$ s complete
 a control ( ! trade1 t ! prices 7 fix$ 
by him1 & he gov]n$ ! ma9 op]ations ( ! 
o!r cotton-sp9n]s4    ,arkwright 0 a man
 ( great =ce ( "*1 indomitable c\rage1  
mu* worldly %rewdness1 ) a bus9ess      
faculty almo/ am\nt+ to  g5ius4  ,at "o 
p]iod 8 "t 0 engross$ by sev]e &        
cont9u\s  lab\r1 occasion$ by ! organis+
 & conduct+ ( 8 num]\s  manufactories1  

sometimes f f\r 9 ! morn+ till n9e at   
night4  ,at  fifty ye>s ( age he set to 
"w to le>n ,engli% gramm>1 & improve    
himself 9 writ+ & or?ography4  ,aft]    
ov]com+ e ob/acle1 he  _h ! satisfaction
 ( reap+ ! rew>d ( 8 ent]prise4         
,eighte5  ye>s aft] he _h con/ruct$ 8   
fir/ ma*9e1 he rose to su*  e/imation 9 
,d]by%ire t he 0 appo9t$ ,high ,%]iff ( 
!  c\nty1 & %ortly aft] ,george ,,iii4  
conf]r$ ^u him ! hon\r (  knigh?ood4    
,he di$ 9 #agib4  ,be x = good or =     
evil1 ,arkwright 0  ! f\nd] 9 ,engl& ( !
 mod]n factory sy/em1 a bran* ( indu/ry 
:i* has unque/ionably prov$ a s\rce (   
imm5se weal? to individuals  & to !     
nation4    ,all ! o!r great bran*es (   
indu/ry 9 ,brita9 furni% l examples  (  
en]getic m5 ( bus9ess1 ! s\rce ( mu*    
b5efit to !  neighb\rhoods 9 :i* !y h   
lab\r$1 & ( increas$ p[] &  weal? to !  
community at l>ge4  ,among/ su* might be
 cit$ !  ,/rutts ( ,belp]2 ! ,t5nants ( 
,glasg[2 ! ,m>%alls & ,gotts (  ,le$s2 !
 ,peels1 ,a%wor?s1 ,birleys1 ,field5s1  

,a%tons1 ,heywoods1 &  ,a9swor?s ( ,s\? 
,lanca%ire1 "s ( ^: desc5dants h s9ce   
become di/+ui%$ 9 connection ) !        
political hi/ory ( ,engl&4  ,su*        
pre-em95tly 7 ! ,peels ( ,s\?           
,lanca%ire4    ,! f\nd] ( ! ,peel       
family1 ab\t ! middle ( la/ c5tury1 0 a 
small yeoman1 occupy+ ! ,hole ,h\se     
,f>m1 ne> ,blackburn1 f :i*  he aft]w>ds
 remov$ to a h\se situat$ 9 ,fi% ,lane 9
 t t[n4  ,rob]t ,peel1 z he advanc$ 9   
life1 saw a l>ge family ( sons &        
daught]s gr[+ up ab\t him2 b ! l& ab\t  
,blackburn be+  some:at b>r51 x did n   
appe> to him t agricultural pursuits    
(f]$ a v enc\rag+ prospect = _! indu/ry4
  ,! place _h1  h[ev]1 long be5 ! seat (
 a dome/ic manufacture--! fabric call$  
8,blackburn greys10 consi/+ ( l95 weft &
 cotton w>p1 be+  *iefly made 9 t t[n & 
its neighb\rhood4  ,x 0 !n              
cu/om>y--previ\s to ! introduction ( !  
factory sy/em--=  indu/ri\s yeom5 )     
families to employ ! "t n occupi$ 9 !   
fields 9 weav+ at home2 & ,rob]t ,peel  

accord+ly began ! dome/ic  trade (      
calico-mak+4  ,he 0 hone/1 & made an    
hone/ article2  ?rifty & h>dwork+1 & 8  
trade prosp]$4  ,he 0 also  ent]pris+1 &
 0 "o ( ! fir/ to adopt ! c>d+ cyl9d]1  
!n rec5tly inv5t$4    ,b ,rob]t ,peel's 
att5tion 0 pr9cipally direct$ to ! pr9t+
 (  calico--!n a comp>atively unkn[n    
art--& = "s "t he c>ri$ on a  s]ies (   
exp]im5ts ) ! object ( pr9t+ by ma*9]y4 
,!  exp]im5ts 7 secretly conduct$ 9 8   
own h\se1 ! clo? be+  iron$ = ! purpose 
by "o ( ! wom5 ( ! family4  ,x 0 !n     
cu/om>y1 9 su* h\ses z ! ,peels1 to use 
pewt] plates at d9n]4  ,hav+ sket*$ a   
figure or patt]n on "o ( ! plates1 !    
?\ght  /ruck him t an impression might  
be got f x 9 rev]se1 &  pr9t$ on calico 
) col\r4  ,9 a cottage at ! end ( !     
f>m-h\se  liv$ a woman :o kept a cal5d]+
 ma*9e1 & go+ into h] cottage1  he put !
 plate ) col\r rubb$ into ! figur$ "p & 
"s calico  ov] x1 ?r\gh ! ma*9e1 :5 x 0 
f\nd to leave a satisfactory            
impression4  ,su* is said to h be5 !    

orig9 ( roll] pr9t+ on  calico4  ,rob]t 
,peel %ortly p]fect$ 8 process1 & ! fir/
 patt]n  he br\ght out 0 a p>sley leaf2 
h5ce he is spok5 ( 9 !  neighb\rhood (  
,blackburn to ?is day z 8,p>sley ,peel40
  ,! process (  calico pr9t+ by :at is  
call$ ! mule ma*9e--t is1 by means ( a  
wood5 cyl9d] 9 relief1 ) an engrav$     
copp] cyl9d]--0  aft]w>ds br\ght to     
p]fection by "o ( 8 sons1 ! head ( !    
firm  ( ,messrs4 ,peel & ,co41 ( ,*ur*4 
,/imulat$ by 8 success1 ,rob]t  ,peel   
%ortly gave up f>m+1 & remov+ to        
,brookside1 a village ab\t  two miles f 
,blackburn1 he devot$ himself           
exclusively to ! pr9t+  bus9ess4  ,!re1 
) ! aid ( 8 sons1 :o 7 z en]getic z     
himself1 he successfully c>ri$ on !     
trade = sev]al ye>s2 & z  ! "y m5 grew  
up t[>ds manhood1 ! conc]n bran*$ out   
into  v>i\s firms ( ,peels1 ea* ( :i*   
became a c5tre ( indu/rial  activity & a
 s\rce ( remun]ative employm5t to l>ge  
numb]s (  p4    ,f :at c n[ be le>nt ( !
 "* ( ! orig9al & untitl$  ,rob]t ,peel1

 he mu/ h be5 a rem>kable man--%rewd1   
sagaci\s1 &  f>-see+4  ,b little is kn[n
 ( him except+ f traditions & !  sons ( 
^? :o knew him are fa/ pass+ away4  ,8  
son1 ,sir ,rob]t1  ?us mode/ly spoke (  
him3--8,my fa!r may be truly said to h  
be5 !  f\nd] ( our family2 & he s       
accurately appreciat$ ! importance (    
comm]cial weal? 9 a national po9t (     
view1 t he 0 (t5 he>d to  say t ! ga9s  
to individuals 7 small comp>$ ) !       
national  ga9s aris+ f trade40    ,sir  
,rob]t ,peel1 ! fir/ b>onet & ! second  
manufactur] ( !  "n1 inh]it$ all 8      
fa!r's ent]prise1 ability1 & indu/ry4   
,8  position1 at />t+ 9 life1 0 little  
above t ( an ord9>y  work+ man2 = 8     
fa!r1 ?\gh lay+ ! f\ndations ( future   
prosp]ity1 0 /ill /ruggl+ ) !           
difficulties aris+ f  insuffici5t       
capital4  ,:5 ,rob]t 0 only tw5ty ye>s (
 age1 he  det]m9$ to beg9 ! bus9ess (   
cotton-pr9t+1 :i* he _h by ?is  "t le>nt
 f 8 fa!r1 on 8 own acc\nt4  ,8 uncle1  
,james  ,hawor?1 & ,william ,yates (    

,blackburn1 jo9$ him 9 8 ent]prise2  !  
:ole capital :i* !y c\ld raise among/ !m
 am\nt+ to only  ab\t #ejjl41 ! pr9cipal
 "p ( :i* 0 suppli$ by ,william ,yates4 
,! fa!r ( ! latt] 0 a h\sehold] 9       
,blackburn1 :]e he 0  well kn[n & mu*   
respect$2 & hav+ sav$ money by 8        
bus9ess1 he  0 will+ to advance         
suffici5t to give 8 son a />t 9 !       
lucrative trade ( cotton-pr9t+1 !n 9 its
 infancy4  ,rob]t ,peel1  ?\gh          
comp>atively a m]e y\?1 suppli$ !       
practical k (  ! bus9ess2 b x 0 said (  
him1 & prov$ true1 t he 8c>ri$  an old  
head on "y %\ld]s40  ,a ru9$ corn-mill1 
) its adjo9+  fields1 0 pur*as$ = a     
comp>atively small sum1 ne> ! !n        
insignificant t[n ( ,bury1 :]e ! works  
long aft] cont9u$ to be  kn[n z 8,!     
,gr\nd20 & a few wood5 %$s hav+ be5 run 
up1 !  firm comm5c$ _! cotton-pr9t+     
bus9ess 9 a v humble way 9 !  ye> #aggj1
 add+ to x t ( cotton-sp9n+ a few ye>s  
lat]4  ,!  frugal /yle 9 :i* ! p>tn]s   
liv$ may be inf]r$ f !  foll[+ incid5t 9

 _! e>ly c>e]4  ,william ,yates1 be+ a  
m>ri$  man ) a family1 comm5c$ h\sekeep+
 on a small scale1 &1 to  oblige ,peel1 
:o 0 s+le1 he agre$ to take him z a     
lodg]4  ,! sum  :i* ! latt] fir/ paid = 
bo>d & lodg+ 0 only #hs4 a week2  b     
,yates1 consid]+ ?is too little1 insi/$ 
on ! weekly paym5t  be+ increas$ a      
%ill+1 to :i* ,peel at fir/ demurr$1 & a
  diff]5ce betwe5 ! p>tn]s took place1  
:i* 0 ev5tually  compromis$ by ! lodg]  
pay+ an advance ( sixp5ce a week4       
,william  ,yates's elde/ *ild 0 a girl  
nam$ ,ell51 & %e v soon became an       
especial fav\rite ) ! "y lodg]4  ,on    
return+ f 8 h>d  day's "w at 8,!        
,gr\nd10 he w\ld take ! little girl ^u 8
 knee1  & say to h]1 8,nelly1 ?\ bonny  
little de>1 wilt be my wife80 to  :i* ! 
*ild w\ld readily answ] 8,yes10 z any   
*ild w\ld d4  8,!n  ,i'll wait = !e1    
,nelly2 ,i'll w$ !e1 & none else40  ,&  
,rob]t  ,peel did wait4  ,z ! girl grew 
9 beauty t[>ds womanhood1 8  det]m9ation
 to wait = h] 0 /r5g!n$2 & aft] ! lapse 

(  t5 ye>s--ye>s ( close application to 
bus9ess & rapidly increas+              
prosp]ity--,rob]t ,peel m>ri$ ,ell5     
,yates :5 %e _h complet$ h]  sev5te5?   
ye>2 & ! pretty *ild1 :om h] "m's lodg] 
&  fa!r's p>tn] _h nurs$ ^u 8 knee1     
became ,mrs4 ,peel1 &  ev5tually ,lady  
,peel1 ! "m ( ! future ,prime ,m9i/] (  
,engl&4  ,lady ,peel 0 a noble &        
beautiful woman1 fitt$ to grace any     
/ation 9  life4  ,%e possess$ r>e p[]s (
 m9d1 & 01 on e em]g5cy1  ! high-s\l$ & 
fai?ful c\nsellor ( h] husb&4  ,= _m    
ye>s  aft] _! m>riage1 %e act$ z 8      
amanu5sis1 conduct+ !  pr9cipal "p ( 8  
bus9ess correspond5ce1 = ,mr4 ,peel     
himself 0  an indiff]5t & almo/         
un9telligible writ]4  ,%e di$ 9 #ahjc1  
only  ?ree ye>s aft] ! ,b>onetcy _h be5 
conf]r$ ^u h] husb&4  ,x  is said t     
,london fa%ionable life--s unlike :at %e
 _h be5  accu/om$ to at home--prov$     
injuri\s to h] heal?2 & old ,mr4 ,yates 
aft]w>ds us$ to say1 8if ,rob]t hadn't  
made our ,nelly a #8,lady1' %e  might   

ha' be5 liv+ yet40    ,! c>e] ( ,yates1 
,peel1  ,co41 0 ?r\gh\t "o ( great &    
un9t]rupt$ prosp]ity4  ,sir ,rob]t ,peel
 himself 0 ! s\l ( !  firm2 to great    
en]gy & application unit+ mu* practical 
sagacity1  & fir/-rate m]cantile        
abilities--qualities 9 :i* _m ( ! e>ly  
cotton-sp9n]s 7 exce$+ly defici5t4  ,he 
0 a man ( iron m9d  & frame1 & toil$    
unceas+ly4  ,9 %ort1 he 0 to cotton     
pr9t+  :at ,arkwright 0 to cotton-sp9n+1
 & 8 success 0 equally great4  ,!       
excell5ce ( ! articles produc$ by ! firm
 secur$ ! comm&  ( ! m>ket1 & ! "* ( !  
firm /ood pre-em95t 9  ,lanca%ire4      
,besides greatly b5efit+ ,bury1 !       
p>tn]%ip plant$  simil> ext5sive works 9
 ! neighb\rhood1 on ! ,irwell & ! ,ro*2 
& x 0 cit$ to _! hon\r1 t1 :ile !y s\ght
 to raise to !  highe/ p]fection !      
quality ( _! manufactures1 !y also      
endeav\r$1 9 all ways1 to promote !     
well-be+ & com=t ( _!  workpeople2 = :om
 !y contriv$ to provide remun]ative     
employm5t  ev5 9 ! lea/ prosp]\s times4 

,sir ,rob]t ,peel readily appreciat$ !  
value ( all new processes &  inv5tions2 
9 illu/ration ( :i* we may allude to 8  
adoption ( !  process = produc+ :at is  
call$ resi/ "w 9 calico pr9t+4  ,?is is 
accompli%$ by ! use ( a pa/e1 or resi/1 
on su* p>ts (  ! clo? z 7 int5d$ to     
rema9 :ite4  ,! p]son :o discov]$  !    
pa/e 0 a travell] = a ,london h\se1 :o  
sold x to ,mr4 ,peel =  an inconsid]able
 sum4  ,x requir$ ! exp]i5ce ( a ye> or 
two to  p]fect ! sy/em & make x         
practically useful2 b ! beauty ( its    
effect1 & ! extreme precision ( outl9e 9
 ! patt]n produc$1 at  once plac$ !     
,bury e/abli%m5t at ! head ( all !      
factories =  calico pr9t+ 9 ! c\ntry4   
,o!r firms1 conduct$ ) l _s1  7 e/abli%$
 by memb]s ( ! same family at ,burnley1 
,foxhill bank1  & ,al?am1 9 ,lanca%ire2 
,salley ,abbey1 9 ,york%ire2 & aft]w>ds 
at  ,burton-on-,tr5t1 9 ,/af=d%ire2 ^!  
v>i\s e/abli%m5ts1 :il/  !y br\ght weal?
 to _! proprietors1 sett+ an example to 
! :ole  cotton trade1 & tra9+ up _m ( ! 

mo/ successful pr9t]s &  manufactur]s 9 
,lanca%ire4    ,among o!r di/+ui%$      
f\nd]s ( indu/ry1 ! ,rev4 ,william ,lee1
  inv5tor ( ! ,/ock+ ,frame1 & ,john    
,hea?coat1 inv5tor ( !  ,bobb9-net      
,ma*9e1 are wor?y ( notice1 z m5 ( great
 me*anical  skill & p]sev]ance1 ?r\gh ^:
 lab\rs a va/ am\nt (  remun]ative      
employm5t has be5 provid$ = ! lab\r+    
population (  ,nott+ham & ! adjac5t     
di/ricts4  ,! acc\nts :i* h be5  pres]v$
 ( ! circum/ances connect$ ) ! inv5tion 
( !  ,/ock+ ,frame are v confus$1 & 9 _m
 respects contradictory1  ?\gh !re is no
 d\bt z to ! "n ( ! inv5tor4  ,?is 0    
,william ,lee1 born at ,woodbor\gh1 a   
village "s sev5 miles f  ,nott+ham1 ab\t
 ! ye> #aefc4  ,accord+ to "s acc\nts1  
he 0 !  heir to a small freehold1 :ile  
accord+ to o!rs he 0 a poor  s*ol>1     
#dc;a & _h to /ruggle ) pov]ty f 8      
e>lie/ ye>s4  ,he ent]$ z a siz> at     
,*ri/ ,college1 ,cambridge1 9 ,may1     
#aegi1 &  subsequ5tly remov$ to ,/4     
,john's1 tak+ 8 degree ( ,b4,a4 9       

#aehb-c4  ,x is believ$ t he comm5c$    
,m4,a4 9 #aehf2 b on ?is po9t !re       
appe>s to be "s confusion 9 ! records ( 
! ,univ]sity4  ,!  /atem5t usually made 
t he 0 expell$ = m>ry+ contr>y to !     
/atutes1 is incorrect1 z he 0 nev] a    
,fell[ ( ! ,univ]sity1 &  !re=e c\ld n  
be prejudic$ by tak+ su* a /ep4    ,at !
 "t :5 ,lee inv5t$ ! ,/ock+ ,frame he 0 
(ficiat+ z  curate ( ,calv]ton1 ne>     
,nott+ham2 & x is alleg$ by "s writ]s  t
 ! inv5tion _h its orig9 9 disappo9t$   
affection4  ,! curate  is said to h     
fall5 deeply 9 love ) a "y lady ( !     
village1  :o fail$ to reciprocate 8     
affections2 & :5 he visit$ h]1 %e  0    
accu/om$ to pay mu* m att5tion to !     
process ( knitt+  /ock+s & in/ruct+ h]  
pupils 9 ! art1 ?an to ! addresses (  h]
 admir]4  ,?is slight is said to h      
creat$ 9 8 m9d su* an  av]sion to knitt+
 by h&1 t he =m$ ! det]m9ation to inv5t 
a ma*9e t %\ld sup]s$e x & r5d] x a     
ga9less employm5t4  ,= ?ree ye>s he     
devot$ himself to ! prosecution ( !     

inv5tion1  sacrific+ ev]y?+ to 8 new    
idea4  ,at ! prospect ( success  op5$   
be=e him1 he ab&on$ 8 curacy1 & devot$  
himself to !  art ( /ock+ mak+ by       
ma*9]y4  ,?is is ! v]sion ( ! /ory  giv5
 by ,h5son #dc;b on ! au?ority ( an old 
/ock+-mak]1 :o di$  9 ,coll9s's         
,hospital1 ,nott+ham1 ag$ n9ety-two1 & 0
 appr5tic$  9 ! t[n dur+ ! reign ( ,que5
 ,anne4  ,x is also giv5 by ,de]+  &    
,blackn] z ! traditional acc\nt 9 !     
neighb\rhood1 & x is  9 "s measure borne
 out by ! arms ( ! ,london ,company (   
,frame-,"w  ,knitt]s1 :i* consi/s ( a   
/ock+ frame )\t ! wood-"w1 )  a cl]gyman
 on "o side & a woman on ! o!r z        
support]s4 #dd    ,:atev] may h be5 !   
actual facts z to ! orig9 ( ! inv5tion  
( ! ,/ock+ ,loom1 !re c be no d\bt z to 
! extraord9>y  me*anical g5ius display$ 
by its inv5tor4  ,t a cl]gyman liv+ 9  a
 remote village1 ^: life _h = ! mo/ "p  
be5 sp5t ) books1  %\ld contrive a ma*9e
 ( su* delicate & complicat$ movem5ts1 &
  at once advance ! art ( knitt+ f !    

t$i\s process ( l9k+  ?reads 9 a *a9 (  
loops by ?ree skew]s 9 ! f+]s ( a woman1
  to ! beautiful & rapid process ( weav+
 by ! /ock+ frame1 0  inde$ an a/oni%+  
a*ievem5t1 :i* may be pron\nc$ almo/    
unequall$ 9 ! hi/ory ( me*anical        
inv5tion4  ,lee's m]it 0 all  ! great]1 
z ! h&icraft arts 7 !n 9 _! infancy1 &  
little att5tion _h z yet be5 giv5 to !  
contrivance ( ma*9]y  = ! purposes (    
manufacture4  ,he 0 "u ! necessity (    
extemporis+ ! p>ts ( 8 ma*9e z he be/   
c\ld1 & adopt+  v>i\s exp$i5ts to       
ov]come difficulties z !y arose4  ,8    
tools  7 imp]fect1 & 8 mat]ials         
imp]fect2 & he _h no skill$  workm5 to  
assi/ him4  ,accord+ to tradition1 !    
fir/ frame he made  0 a twelve gauge1   
)\t lead s9k]s1 & x 0 almo/ :olly (     
wood2 ! ne$les be+ also /uck 9 bits (   
wood4  ,"o ( ,lee's  pr9cipal           
difficulties consi/$ 9 ! =mation ( !    
/it*1 = want  ( ne$le eyes2 b ?is he    
ev5tually ov]came by =m+ eyes to !      
ne$les ) a ?ree-squ>e file4 #de  ,at    

l5g?1 "o difficulty aft]  ano!r 0       
successfully ov]come1 & aft] ?ree ye>s' 
lab\r !  ma*9e 0 suffici5tly complete to
 be fit = use4  ,! quondam curate1  full
 ( en?usiasm = 8 art1 n[ began /ock+    
weav+ 9 ! village  ( ,calv]ton1 & he    
cont9u$ to "w !re = sev]al ye>s1        
in/ruct+ 8 bro!r ,james & sev]al ( 8    
relations 9 !  practice ( ! art4        
,hav+ br\ght 8 frame to a consid]able   
degree ( p]fection1 &  be+ desir\s (    
secur+ ! patronage ( ,que5 ,elizabe?1 ^:
  p>tiality = knitt$ silk /ock+s 0 well 
kn[n1 ,lee proce$$ to  ,london to       
exhibit ! loom be=e h] ,maje/y4  ,he    
fir/ %[$ x to  sev]al memb]s ( ! c\rt1  
among o!rs to ,sir ,william 7aft]w>ds   
,"l7 ,hunsdon1 :om he taught to "w x )  
success2 & ,lee 01  ?r\gh _!            
in/rum5tality1 at l5g? admitt$ to an    
int]view )  ! ,que51 & work$ ! ma*9e 9  
h] pres5ce4  ,elizabe?1 h[ev]1  did n   
give him ! enc\ragem5t t he _h expect$2 
& %e is said  to h oppos$ ! inv5tion on 
! gr\nd t x 0 calculat$ to  deprive a   

l>ge numb] ( poor p ( _! employm5t ( h& 
knitt+4  ,lee 0 no m successful 9 f9d+  
o!r patrons1 &  consid]+ himself & 8    
inv5tion treat$ ) contempt1 he embrac$  
! (f] made to him by ,sully1 ! sagaci\s 
m9i/] ( ,h5ry ,,iv41 to  proce$ to ,r\5 
& in/ruct ! op]atives ( t t[n--!n "o ( !
  mo/ important manufactur+ c5tres (    
,france--9 ! con/ruction &  use ( !     
/ock+-frame4  ,lee accord+ly transf]r$  
himself & 8  ma*9es to ,france1 9 #afje1
 tak+ ) him 8 bro!r & sev5  workm54  ,he
 met ) a cordial reception at ,r\51 & 0 
proce$+  ) ! manufacture ( /ock+s on a  
l>ge scale--hav+ n9e ( 8  frames 9 full 
"w1--:5 unhappily ill =tune aga9 ov]took
 him4  ,h5ry ,,iv41 8 protector1 on :om 
he _h reli$ = ! rew>ds1 hon\rs1  &      
promis$ grant ( privileges1 :i* _h      
induc$ ,lee to settle 9  ,france1 0     
murd]$ by ! fanatic ,ravaillac2 & !     
enc\ragem5t &  protection :i* _h        
h]et(ore be5 ext5d$ to him 7 at once    
)drawn4  ,to press 8 claims at c\rt1    
,lee proce$$ to ,p>is2 b  be+ a         

prote/ant z well z a =eign]1 8          
repres5tations 7  treat$ ) neglect2 &   
worn out ) vexation & grief1 ?is        
di/+ui%$ inv5tor %ortly aft] di$ at     
,p>is1 9 a /ate ( extreme  pov]ty &     
di/ress4    ,lee's bro!r1 ) sev5 ( !    
workm51 succe$$ 9 escap+ f  ,france ) _!
 frames1 leav+ two beh9d4  ,on ,james   
,lee's return to  ,nott+ham%ire1 he 0   
jo9$ by "o ,a%ton1 a mill] ( ,?oroton1  
:o  _h be5 in/ruct$ 9 ! art ( frame-"w  
knitt+ by ! inv5tor  himself be=e he    
left ,engl&4  ,^! two1 ) ! workm5 & _!  
frames1 began ! /ock+ manufacture at    
,?oroton1 & c>ri$ x on  ) consid]able   
success4  ,! place 0 fav\rably situat$ =
 !  purpose1 z ! %eep pa/ur$ 9 !        
neighb\r+ di/rict ( ,%]wood  yield$ a   
k9d ( wool ( ! longe/ /aple4  ,a%ton is 
said to h  introduc$ ! me?od ( mak+ !   
frames ) lead s9k]s1 :i* 0 a  great     
improvem5t4  ,! numb] ( looms employ$ 9 
diff]5t p>ts (  ,engl& gradually        
increas$2 & ! ma*9e manufacture ( /ock+s
  ev5tually became an important bran* ( 

! national indu/ry4    ,"o ( ! mo/      
important modifications 9 !             
,/ock+-,frame 0 t  :i* enabl$ x to be   
appli$ to ! manufacture ( lace on a l>ge
  scale4  ,9 #aggg1 two workm51 ,fro/ & 
,holmes1 7 bo? engag$ 9  mak+ po9t-net  
by means ( ! modifications !y _h        
introduc$ 9 !  /ock+-frame2 & 9 ! c\rse 
( ab\t ?irty ye>s1 s rapid 0 !  gr[? (  
?is bran* ( production t #aejj po9t-net 
frames 7 at  "w1 giv+ employm5t to      
upw>ds ( #ae1jjj p4  ,ow+1 h[ev]1 to  ! 
w>1 to *ange ( fa%ion1 & to o!r         
circum/ances1 ! ,nott+ham  lace         
manufacture rapidly fell (f2 & x cont9u$
 9 a decay+ /ate  until ! inv5tion ( !  
,bobb9-net ,ma*9e by ,john ,hea?coat1   
late  ,m4,p4 = ,tiv]ton1 :i* _h ! effect
 ( at once re-e/abli%+ !  manufacture on
 solid f\ndations4    ,john ,hea?coat 0 
! y\nge/ son ( a respectable small f>m] 
at  ,duffield1 ,d]by%ire1 :]e he 0 born 
9 #aghc4  ,:5 at s*ool he made  /eady & 
rapid progress1 b 0 e>ly remov$ f x to  
be  appr5tic$ to a frame-smi? ne>       

,l\ghbor\gh4  ,! boy soon le>nt to  h&le
 tools ) dext]ity1 & he acquir$ a m9ute 
k ( !  p>ts ( :i* ! /ock+-frame 0       
compos$1 z well z ( ! m  intricate      
w>p-ma*9e4  ,at 8 leisure he /udi$ h[ to
 introduce  improvem5ts 9 !m1 & 8 fri5d1
 ,mr4 ,bazley1 ,m4,p41 /ates t z  e>ly z
 ! age ( sixte51 he conceiv$ ! idea (   
inv5t+ a ma*9e  by :i* lace might be    
made simil> to ,buck+ham or ,fr5* lace1 
!n  all made by h&4  ,! fir/ practical  
improvem5t he succe$$ 9  introduc+ 0 9 !
 w>p-frame1 :51 by means ( an +5i\s     
app>atus1 he succe$$ 9 produc+ 8mitts0 (
 a lacy appe>ance1 & x  0 ?is success   
:i* det]m9$ him to pursue ! /udy (      
me*anical  lace-mak+4  ,! /ock+-frame _h
 already1 9 a modifi$ =m1 be5  appli$ to
 ! manufacture ( po9t-net lace1 9 :i* ! 
me% 0  loop$ z 9 a /ock+1 b ! "w 0      
slight & frail1 &  !re=e unsatisfactory4
  ,_m +5i\s ,nott+ham me*anics _h1  dur+
 a long succession ( ye>s1 be5 lab\r+ at
 ! problem (  inv5t+ a ma*9e by :i* !   
me% ( ?reads %\ld be twi/$  r\nd ea* o!r

 on ! =mation ( ! net4  ,"s ( ^! m5 di$ 
9  pov]ty1 "s 7 driv5 insane1 & all     
alike fail$ 9 ! object (  _! se>*4  ,!  
old w>p-ma*9e held its gr\nd4    ,:5 a  
little ov] tw5ty-"o ye>s ( age1         
,hea?coat w5t to ,nott+ham1  :]e he     
readily f\nd employm5t1 = :i* he soon   
receiv$ ! highe/  remun]ation1 z a      
sett]-up ( hosi]y & w>p-frames1 & 0 mu* 
respect$ = 8 tal5t = inv5tion1 g5]al    
intellig5ce1 & !  s\nd & sob] pr9ciples 
t gov]n$ 8 conduct4  ,he also cont9u$   
to pursue ! subject on :i* 8 m9d _h be=e
 be5 occupi$1 &  lab\r$ to compass !    
contrivance ( a twi/ trav]se-net ma*9e4 
,he  fir/ /udi$ ! art ( mak+ ! ,buck+ham
 or pill[-lace by h&1  ) ! object (     
effect+ ! same motions by me*anical     
means4  ,x  0 a long & labori\s task1   
requir+ ! ex]cise ( great  p]sev]ance & 
+5uity4  ,8 ma/]1 ,elliot1 describ$ him 
at t  "t z inv5tive1 pati5t1 self-d5y+1 
& taciturn1 undaunt$ by  failures &     
mi/akes1 full ( res\rces & exp$i5ts1 &  
ent]ta9+  ! mo/ p]fect confid5ce t 8    

application ( me*anical pr9ciples  w\ld 
ev5tually be cr[n$ ) success4    ,x is  
difficult to describe 9 words an        
inv5tion s complicat$ z !  bobb9-net    
ma*9e4  ,x 01 inde$1 a me*anical pill[ =
 mak+ lace1  imitat+ 9 an +5i\s mann] ! 
motions ( ! lace-mak]'s f+]s  9         
int]sect+ or ty+ ! me%es ( ! lace ^u h] 
pill[4  ,on  analys+ ! compon5t p>ts ( a
 piece ( h&-made lace1 ,hea?coat 0      
enabl$ to classify ! ?reads into        
longitud9al & diagonal4  ,he began  8   
exp]im5ts by fix+ common pack-?reads    
l5g?wise on a sort (  frame = ! w>p1 &  
!n pass+ ! weft ?reads betwe5 !m by     
common ply]s1 deliv]+ !m to o!r ply]s on
 ! opposite side2  !n1 aft] giv+ !m a   
sideways motion & twi/1 ! ?reads 7      
repass$ back betwe5 ! next adjo9+ cords1
 ! me%es be+ ?us  ti$ 9 ! same way z ^u 
pill[s by h&4  ,he _h !n to contrive a  
me*anism t %\ld accompli% all ^! nice & 
delicate movem5ts1  & to d ?is co/ him  
no small am\nt ( m5tal toil4  ,long aft]
 he  said1 8,! s+le difficulty ( gett+ !

 diagonal ?reads to twi/ 9  ! allott$   
space 0 s great t if x _h n[ to be done1
 ,i %\ld  probably n attempt its        
accompli%m5t40  ,8 next /ep 0 to provide
  ?9 metallic discs1 to be us$ z bobb9s 
= conduct+ ! ?reads  backw>ds & =w>ds   
?r\gh ! w>p4  ,^! discs1 be+ arrang$ 9  
c>ri]-frames plac$ on ea* side ( ! w>p1 
7 mov$ by suitable  ma*9]y s z to       
conduct ! ?reads f side to side 9 =m+ ! 
lace4  ,he ev5tually succe$$ 9 work+ out
 8 pr9ciple )  extraord9>y skill &      
success2 &1 at ! age ( tw5ty-f\r1 he 0  
enabl$ to secure 8 inv5tion by a pat5t4 
,dur+ ?is "t 8 wife 0 kept 9 almo/ z    
great anxiety z himself1  = %e well knew
 ( 8 trials & difficulties :ile he 0    
/riv+ to  p]fect 8 inv5tion4  ,_m ye>s  
aft] !y _h be5 successfully  ov]come1 ! 
conv]sation :i* took place "o ev5tful   
ev5+ 0  vividly rememb]$4  8,well10 said
 ! anxi\s wife1 8w x "w80  8,no10 0 !   
sad answ]2 8,i h _h to take x all to    
pieces aga940  ,?\gh he c\ld /ill speak 
hopefully & *e]fully1 8 poor wife c\ld  

re/ra9 h] feel+s no long]1 b sat d[n &  
cri$ bitt]ly4  ,%e  _h1 h[ev]1 only a   
few m weeks to wait1 = success long     
lab\r$  = & ri*ly des]v$1 came at la/1 &
 a pr\d & happy man 0 ,john  ,hea?coat  
:5 he br\ght home ! fir/ n>r[ /rip (    
bobb9-net made  by 8 ma*9e1 & plac$ x 9 
! h&s ( 8 wife4    ,z 9 ! case ( ne>ly  
all inv5tions :i* h prov$ productive1   
,hea?coat's rights z a pat5tee 7        
disput$1 & 8 claims z an  inv5tor call$ 
9 "q4  ,on ! suppos$ invalidity ( !     
pat5t1  ! lace-mak]s boldly adopt$ !    
bobb9-net ma*9e1 & set !  inv5tor at    
defiance4  ,b o!r pat5ts 7 tak5 out =   
alleg$  improvem5ts & adaptations2 & x 0
 only :5 ^! new pat5tees  fell out & w5t
 to law ) ea* o!r t ,hea?coat's rights  
became  e/abli%$4  ,"o lace-manufactur] 
hav+ br\ght an action aga9/  ano!r = an 
alleg$ infr+em5t ( 8 pat5t1 ! jury      
br\ght 9 a  v]dict = ! def5dant1 9 :i* !
 judge concurr$1 on ! gr\nd  t bo? !    
ma*9es 9 "q 7 infr+em5ts ( ,hea?coat's  
pat5t4  ,x 0 on ! occasion ( ?is trial1 

8,boville v4 ,moore10 t  ,sir ,john     
,copley 7aft]w>ds ,"l ,lyndhur/71 :o 0  
reta9$ = !  def5ce 9 ! int]e/ ( ,mr4    
,hea?coat1 le>nt to "w ! bobb9-net      
ma*9e 9 ord] t he might ma/] ! details (
 ! inv5tion4  ,on  read+ ov] 8 brief1 he
 confess$ t he did n q und]/& !  m]its (
 ! case2 b z x seem$ to him to be "o (  
great  importance1 he (f]$ to g d[n into
 ! c\ntry =?) & /udy  ! ma*9e until he  
und]/ood x2 8& !n10 said he1 8,i w def5d
  y to ! be/ ( my ability40  ,he        
accord+ly put himself into t  night's   
mail1 & w5t d[n to ,nott+ham to get up 8
 case z p]haps  c\nsel nev] got x up    
be=e4  ,next morn+ ! le>n$ s]geant plac$
  himself 9 a lace-loom1 & he did n     
leave x until he c\ld deftly  make a    
piece ( bobb9-net ) 8 own h&s1 &        
?or\ghly und]/ood  ! pr9ciple z well z !
 details ( ! ma*9e4  ,:5 ! case came  on
 = trial1 ! le>n$ s]geant 0 enabl$ to "w
 ! model on !  table ) su* case & skill1
 & to expla9 ! precise nature ( !       
inv5tion ) su* felicit\s cle>ness1 z to 

a/oni% alike judge1  jury1 & spectators2
 & ! ?or\gh consci5ti\sness & ma/]y )   
:i* he h&l$ ! case _h no d\bt its       
influ5ce ^u ! decision (  ! c\rt4       
,aft] ! trial 0 ov]1 ,mr4 ,hea?coat1 on 
inquiry1 f\nd ab\t six  hundr$ ma*9es at
 "w aft] 8 pat5t1 & he proce$$ to levy  
royalty ^u ! own]s ( !m1 :i* am\nt$ to a
 l>ge sum4  ,b !  pr(its realis$ by !   
manufactur]s ( lace 7 v great1 & !  use 
( ! ma*9es rapidly ext5d$2 :ile ! price 
( ! article 0  r$uc$ f five p\nds !     
squ>e y>d to ab\t five p5ce 9 !  c\rse (
 tw5ty-five ye>s4  ,dur+ ! same p]iod ! 
av]age annual  returns ( ! lace-trade h 
be5 at lea/ f\r millions /]l+1 &  x     
gives remun]ative employm5t to ab\t     
#aej1jjj workpeople4    ,to return to ! 
p]sonal hi/ory ( ,mr4 ,hea?coat4  ,9    
#ahji we f9d him  e/abli%$ z a          
lace-manufactur] at ,l\ghbor\gh1 9      
,leice/]%ire4  ,!re he c>ri$ on a       
prosp]\s bus9ess = sev]al ye>s1 giv+    
employm5t to a l>ge numb] ( op]atives1  
at wages v>y+ f #el4  to #ajl4 a week4  

,not)/&+ ! great increase 9 ! numb] (   
h&s employ$ 9 lace-mak+ ?r\gh !         
introduction ( ! new  ma*9es1 x began to
 be :isp]$ ab\t among ! workpeople t !y 
7 sup]s$+ lab\r1 & an ext5sive          
conspiracy 0 =m$ = !  purpose ( de/roy+ 
!m :]ev] f\nd4  ,z e>ly z ! ye> #ahaa   
disputes arose betwe5 ! ma/]s & m5      
engag$ 9 ! /ock+ &  lace trades 9 !     
s\?-we/]n p>ts ( ,nott+ham%ire & !      
adjac5t p>ts ( ,d]by%ire & ,leice/]%ire1
 ! result ( :i* 0  ! assembly ( a mob at
 ,sutton1 9 ,a%field1 :o proce$$ 9 op5  
day  to break ! /ock+ & lace-frames ( ! 
manufactur]s4  ,"s ( !  r+lead]s hav+   
be5 seiz$ & puni%$1 ! disaffect$ le>nt  
caution2 b ! de/ruction ( ! ma*9es 0    
nev]!less c>ri$ on  secretly :]ev] a    
safe opportunity pres5t$ itself4  ,z !  
ma*9es  7 ( s delicate a con/ruction t a
 s+le bl[ ( a hamm]  r5d]$ !m useless1 &
 z ! manufacture 0 c>ri$ on = ! mo/  "p 
9 deta*$ build+s1 (t5 9 private dwell+s 
remote f t[ns1  ! opportunities (       
de/roy+ !m 7 unusually easy4  ,9 !      

neighb\rhood ( ,nott+ham1 :i* 0 ! focus 
( turbul5ce1 !  ma*9e-break]s organiz$  
!mselves 9 regul> bodies1 & held        
nocturnal meet+s at :i* _! plans 7      
arrang$4  ,probably ) !  view ( inspir+ 
confid5ce1 !y gave out t !y 7 "u !      
comm& ( a lead] nam$ ,n$ ,ludd1 or      
,g5]al ,ludd1 & h5ce _!  designation (  
,luddites4  ,"u ?is organization        
ma*9e-break+ 0  c>ri$ on ) great vig\r  
dur+ ! w9t] ( #ahaa1 occasion+ great    
di/ress1 & ?r[+ l>ge numb]s ( workpeople
 out ( employm5t4  ,mean:ile1 ! own]s ( 
! frames proce$$ to remove !m f !       
villages & lone dwell+s 9 ! c\ntry1 &   
br\ght !m into  w>eh\ses 9 ! t[ns = _!  
bett] protection4    ,! ,luddites seem  
to h be5 enc\rag$ by ! l5ity ( ! s5t5ces
  pron\nc$ on su* ( _! conf$]ates z _h  
be5 appreh5d$ &  tri$2 &1 %ortly aft]1 !
 mania broke out afre%1 & rapidly       
ext5d$ ov] ! nor!rn & midl& manufactur+ 
di/ricts4  ,!  organization became m    
secret2 an oa? 0 adm9i/]$ to ! memb]s   
b9d+ !m to ob$i5ce to ! ord]s issu$ by !

 heads ( !  conf$]acy2 & ! betrayal ( _!
 designs 0 decre$ to be dea?4  ,all     
ma*9es 7 doom$ by !m to de/ruction1 :e!r
 employ$ 9 !  manufacture ( clo?1       
calico1 or lace2 & a reign ( t]ror began
 :i*  la/$ = ye>s4  ,9 ,york%ire &      
,lanca%ire mills 7 boldly attack$  by   
arm$ riot]s1 & 9 _m cases !y 7 wreck$ or
 burnt2 s t  x became necess>y to gu>d  
!m by soldi]s & yeomanry4  ,! ma/]s     
!mselves 7 doom$ to dea?2 _m ( !m 7     
assault$1 & "s  7 murd]$4  ,at l5g? !   
law 0 vigor\sly set 9 motion2 numb]s  ( 
! misguid$ ,luddites 7 appreh5d$2 "s 7  
execut$2 & aft]  sev]al ye>s' viol5t    
commotion f ?is cause1 ! ma*9e-break+   
riots 7 at l5g? quell$4    ,among !     
num]\s manufactur]s ^: works 7 attack$  
by !  ,luddites1 0 ! inv5tor ( !        
bobb9-net ma*9e himself4  ,"o bright    
sunny day1 9 ! summ] ( #ahaf1 a body (  
riot]s ent]$ 8 factory  at ,l\ghbor\gh )
 tor*es1 & set fire to x1 de/roy+       
?irty-sev5  lace-ma*9es1 & above        
#aj1jjjl4 wor? ( prop]ty4  ,t5 ( ! m5  7

 appreh5d$ = ! felony1 & eight ( !m 7   
execut$4  ,mr4  ,hea?coat made a claim  
^u ! c\nty = comp5sation1 & x 0  resi/$2
 b ! ,c\rt ( ,que5's ,b5* decid$ 9 8    
fav\r1 &  decre$ t ! c\nty mu/ make good
 8 loss ( #aj1jjjl4  ,!  magi/rates     
s\ght to c\ple ) ! paym5t ( ! damage !  
condition  t ,mr4 ,hea?coat %\ld exp5d !
 money 9 ! c\nty ( ,leice/]2  b to ?is  
he w\ld n ass5t1 hav+ already resolv$ on
 remov+ 8  manufacture else:]e4  ,at    
,tiv]ton1 9 ,devon%ire1 he f\nd a l>ge  
build+ :i* _h be5 =m]ly us$ z a wooll5  
manufactory2 b !  ,tiv]ton clo? trade   
hav+ fall5 into decay1 ! build+ rema9$  
unoccupi$1 & ! t[n itself 0 g5]ally 9 a 
v pov]ty-/rick5  condition4  ,mr4       
,hea?coat b\ght ! old mill1 r5ovat$ &   
enl>g$ x1  & !re recomm5c$ ! manufacture
 ( lace ^u a l>g] scale ?an  be=e2 keep+
 9 full "w z _m z ?ree hundr$ ma*9es1 & 
employ+ a l>ge numb] ( artisans at good 
wages4  ,n only did he  c>ry on !       
manufacture ( lace1 b ! v>i\s bran*es ( 
bus9ess  connect$ ) x--y>n-d\bl+1       

silk-sp9n+1 net-mak+1 &  f9i%+4  ,he    
also e/abli%$ at ,tiv]ton an iron-f\ndry
 & works =  ! manufacture ( agricultural
 implem5ts1 :i* prov$ ( great  conv5i5ce
 to ! di/rict4  ,x 0 a fav\rite idea ( 8
 t /eam  p[] 0 capable ( be+ appli$ to  
p]=m all ! heavy drudg]y (  life1 & he  
lab\r$ = a long "t at ! inv5tion ( a    
/eam-pl\gh4  ,9 #ahcb he s f> complet$ 8
 inv5tion z to be enabl$ to take out a  
pat5t = x2 & ,hea?coat's /eam-pl\gh1    
?\gh x has s9ce be5  sup]s$$ by ,f[l]'s1
 0 consid]$ ! be/ ma*9e ( ! k9d t  _h up
 to t "t be5 inv5t$4    ,mr4 ,hea?coat 0
 a man ( great natural gifts4  ,he      
possess$ a s\nd  und]/&+1 quick         
p]ception1 & a g5ius = bus9ess ( !      
highe/  ord]4  ,) ^! he comb9$          
uprightness1 hone/y1 &                  
integrity--qualities :i* are ! true     
glory ( human "*4  ,himself  a dilig5t  
self-educator1 he gave ready enc\ragem5t
 to des]v+ y\?s  9 8 employm5t1 /imulat+
 _! tal5ts & fo/]+ _!  en]gies4  ,dur+ 8
 own busy life1 he contriv$ to save "t  

to ma/]  ,fr5* & ,italian1 ( :i* he     
acquir$ an accurate & grammatical  k4   
,8 m9d 0 l>gely /or$ ) ! results ( a    
c>eful  /udy ( ! be/ lit]ature1 & !re 7 
few subjects on :i* he _h  n =m$ =      
himself %rewd & accurate views4  ,! two 
?\s&  workpeople 9 8 employm5t reg>d$   
him almo/ z a fa!r1 & he  c>efully      
provid$ = _! com=t & improvem5t4        
,prosp]ity did n  spoil him1 z x does s 
_m2 nor close 8 he>t aga9/ ! claims (  !
 poor & /ruggl+1 :o 7 always sure ( 8   
sympa?y & help4  ,to provide = !        
education ( ! *ildr5 ( 8 workpeople1 he 
built  s*ools = !m at a co/ ( ab\t      
#fjjjl4  ,he 0 also a man (  s+ul>ly    
*e]ful & buoyant disposition1 a fav\rite
 ) m5 ( all  classes & mo/ admir$ &     
belov$ by ^? :o knew him be/4    ,9     
#ahca ! electors ( ,tiv]ton1 ( :i* t[n  
,mr4 ,hea?coat _h prov$  himself s g5u9e
 a b5efactor1 return$ him to repres5t !m
 9  ,p>liam5t1 & he cont9u$ _! memb] =  
ne>ly ?irty ye>s4  ,dur+ a great "p ( t 
"t he _h ,"l ,palm]/on = 8  colleague1 &

 ! noble "l1 on m ?an "o public         
occasion1  express$ ! high reg>d :i* he 
ent]ta9$ = 8 v5]able fri5d4  ,on retir+ 
f ! repres5tation 9 #ahei1 ow+ to       
advanc+ age &  increas+ infirmities1    
?irte5 hundr$ ( 8 workm5 pres5t$ him  ) 
a silv] ink/& & gold p51 9 tok5 ( _!    
e/eem4  ,he  enjoy$ 8 leisure = only two
 m ye>s1 dy+ 9 ,janu>y1 #ahfa1 at  ! age
 ( sev5ty-sev51 & leav+ beh9d him a "* =
 probity1  virtue1 manl9ess1 & me*anical
 g5ius1 ( :i* 8 desc5dants may  well be 
pr\d4    ,we next turn to a c>e] ( a v  
diff]5t k9d1 t ( !  illu/ri\s b         
un=tunate ,jacqu>d1 ^: life also        
illu/rates 9 a  rem>kable mann] !       
influ5ce :i* +5i\s m51 ev5 ( ! humble/  
rank1 may ex]cise ^u ! indu/ry ( a      
nation4  ,jacqu>d 0 ! son  ( a h>d-work+
 c\ple ( ,lyons1 8 fa!r be+ a weav]1 & 8
  "m a patt]n read]4  ,!y 7 too poor to 
give him any b ! mo/  meagre education4 
,:5 he 0 ( age to le>n a trade1 8 fa!r  
plac$  him ) a book-b9d]4  ,an old cl]k1
 :o made up ! ma/]'s acc\nts1  gave     

,jacqu>d "s lessons 9 ma!matics4  ,he v 
%ortly began to  display a rem>kable    
turn = me*anics1 & "s ( 8 contrivances  
q a/oni%$ ! old cl]k1 :o advis$         
,jacqu>d's fa!r to put him  to "s o!r   
trade1 9 :i* 8 peculi> abilities might h
 bett]  scope ?an 9 bookb9d+4  ,he 0    
accord+ly put appr5tice to a  cutl]2 b 0
 s badly treat$ by 8 ma/]1 t he %ortly  
aft]w>ds left 8 employm5t1 on :i* he 0  
plac$ ) a  type-f\nd]4    ,8 p>5ts dy+1 
,jacqu>d f\nd himself 9 a measure       
compell$ to take  to 8 fa!r's two looms1
 & c>ry on ! trade ( a weav]4  ,he      
imm$iately proce$$ to improve ! looms1 &
 became s engross$ )  8 inv5tions t he  
=got 8 "w1 & v soon f\nd himself at  !  
end ( 8 means4  ,he !n sold ! looms to  
pay 8 debts1 at !  same "t t he took ^u 
himself ! burd5 ( support+ a wife4  ,he 
became /ill poor]1 & to satisfy 8       
cr$itors1 he next sold 8  cottage4  ,he 
tri$ to f9d employm5t1 b 9 va91 p       
believ+ him  to be an idl]1 occupi$ )   
m]e dreams ab\t 8 inv5tions4  ,at  l5g? 

he obta9$ employm5t ) a l9e-mak] (      
,bresse1 :i!r he  w5t1 8 wife rema9+ at 
,lyons1 e>n+ a prec>i\s liv+ by mak+    
/raw bonnets4    ,we he> no?+ fur!r (   
,jacqu>d = "s ye>s1 b 9 ! int]val  he   
seems to h prosecut$ 8 improvem5t 9 !   
drawloom = !  bett] manufacture ( figur$
 fabrics2 =1 9 #agij1 he br\ght out 8   
contrivance = select+ ! w>p ?reads1 :i*1
 :5 add$ to !  loom1 sup]s$$ ! s]vices (
 a draw-boy4  ,! adoption ( ?is  ma*9e 0
 sl[ b /eady1 & 9 t5 ye>s aft] its      
introduction1  #djjj ( !m 7 f\nd at "w 9
 ,lyons4  ,jacqu>d's pursuits 7  rudely 
int]rupt$ by ! ,revolution1 &1 9 #agib1 
we f9d him fight+  9 ! ranks ( !        
,lyonnaise ,volunte]s aga9/ ! ,army ( ! 
,conv5tion "u ! comm& ( ,dubois ,cranc4 
,! city 0 tak52  ,jacqu>d fl$ & jo9$ !  
,army ( ! ,rh9e1 :]e he rose to ! rank  
( s]geant4  ,he might h rema9$ a soldi]1
 b t1 8 only son  hav+ be5 %ot dead at 8
 side1 he des]t$ & return$ to ,lyons to 
recov] 8 wife4  ,he f\nd h] 9 a g>ret   
/ill employ$ at h] old  trade (         

/raw-bonnet mak+4  ,:ile liv+ 9         
concealm5t ) h]1 8  m9d rev]t$ to !     
inv5tions ov] :i* he _h s long brood$ 9 
=m] ye>s2 b he _h no means :]e) to      
prosecute !m4  ,jacqu>d  f\nd x         
necess>y1 h[ev]1 to em]ge f 8 hid+-place
 & try to  f9d "s employm5t4  ,he       
succe$$ 9 obta9+ x ) an intellig5t      
manufactur]1 & :ile work+ by day he w5t 
on inv5t+ by night4  ,x  _h occurr$ to  
him t great improvem5ts might /ill be   
introduc$ 9  looms = figur$ goods1 & he 
incid5tally m5tion$ ! subject "o  day to
 8 ma/]1 regrett+ at ! same "t t 8      
limit$ means  prev5t$ him f c>ry+ out 8 
ideas4  ,happily 8 ma/]  appreciat$ !   
value ( ! sugge/ions1 & ) laudable      
g5]osity  plac$ a sum ( money at 8      
disposal1 t he might prosecute !        
propos$ improvem5ts at 8 leisure4    ,9 
?ree mon?s ,jacqu>d _h inv5t$ a loom to 
sub/itute me*anical  action = ! irksome 
& toilsome lab\r ( ! workman4  ,! loom 0
  exhibit$ at ! ,exposition ( ,national 
,indu/ry at ,p>is 9 #ahja1 &  obta9$ a  

bronze m$al4  ,jacqu>d 0 fur!r hon\r$ by
 a visit at  ,lyons f ! ,m9i/] ,c>not1  
:o desir$ to congratulate him 9 p]son   
on ! success ( 8 inv5tion4  ,9 ! foll[+ 
ye> ! ,society (  ,arts 9 ,london (f]$ a
 prize = ! inv5tion ( a ma*9e =         
manufactur+ fi%+-nets & bo>d+-nett+ =   
%ips4  ,jacqu>d  he>d ( ?is1 & :ile     
walk+ "o day 9 ! fields accord+ to 8    
cu/om1 he turn$ ! subject ov] 9 8 m9d1 &
 contriv$ ! plan (  a ma*9e = ! purpose4
  ,8 fri5d1 ! manufactur]1 aga9 furni%$ 
him ) ! means ( c>ry+ out 8 idea1 & 9   
?ree weeks ,jacqu>d  _h complet$ 8      
inv5tion4    ,jacqu>d's a*ievem5t hav+  
come to ! k ( ! ,prefect ( !  ,dep>tm5t1
 he 0 summon$ be=e t function>y1 &1 on 8
  explanation ( ! work+ ( ! ma*9e1 a    
report on ! subject 0  =w>d$ to !       
,emp]or4  ,! inv5tor 0 =?) summon$ to   
,p>is  ) 8 ma*9e1 & br\ght into !       
pres5ce ( ! ,emp]or1 :o  receiv$ him ) !
 consid]ation due to 8 g5ius4  ,!       
int]view  la/$ two h\rs1 dur+ :i*       
,jacqu>d1 plac$ at 8 ease by !          

,emp]or's affability1 expla9$ to him !  
improvem5ts :i* he propos$  to make 9 ! 
looms = weav+ figur$ goods4  ,! result  
01 t he  0 provid$ ) ap>tm5ts 9 !       
,cons]vatoire des ,arts et ,mti]s1  :]e 
he _h ! use ( ! work%op dur+ 8 /ay1 & 0 
provid$  ) a suitable all[ance = 8      
ma9t5ance4    ,in/all$ 9 !              
,cons]vatoire1 ,jacqu>d proce$$ to      
complete !  details ( 8 improv$ loom4   
,he _h ! advantage ( m9utely  inspect+ !
 v>i\s exquisite pieces ( me*anism      
conta9$ 9 t  great treasury ( human     
+5uity4  ,among ! ma*9es :i* m          
p>ticul>ly attract$ 8 att5tion1 &       
ev5tually set him ^u !  track ( 8       
discov]y1 0 a loom = weav+ fl[]$ silk1  
made by  ,vaucanson ! celebrat$         
automaton-mak]4    ,vaucanson 0 a man ( 
! highe/ ord] ( con/ructive g5ius4  ,!  
inv5tive faculty 0 s /rong 9 him t x may
 almo/ be said to h  am\nt$ to a        
passion1 & c\ld n be re/ra9$4  ,! say+ t
 !  poet is born1 n made1 applies )     
equal =ce to ! inv5tor1 :o1  ?\gh       

indebt$1 l ! o!r1 to culture & improv$  
opportunities1  nev]!less contrives &   
con/ructs new comb9ations ( ma*9]y      
ma9ly to gratify 8 own in/9ct4  ,?is 0  
peculi>ly ! case )  ,vaucanson2 = 8 mo/ 
elaborate works 7 n s mu* di/+ui%$  = _!
 utility z = ! curi\s +5uity :i* !y     
display$4  ,:ile a m]e boy att5d+       
,sunday conv]sations ) 8 "m1 he  amus$  
himself by wat*+1 ?r\gh ! *9ks ( a      
p>tition wall1 "p  ( ! movem5ts ( a     
clock 9 ! adjo9+ ap>tm5t4  ,he endeav\r$
  to und]/& !m1 & by brood+ ov] !       
subject1 aft] sev]al  mon?s he discov]$ 
! pr9ciple ( ! escapem5t4    ,f t "t !  
subject ( me*anical inv5tion took       
complete  possession ( him4  ,) "s rude 
tools :i* he contriv$1 he made a  wood5 
clock t m>k$ ! h\rs ) rem>kable         
exactness2 :ile he  made = a m9iature   
*apel ! figures ( "s angels :i* wav$ _! 
w+s1 & "s prie/s t made sev]al          
ecclesia/ical movem5ts4  ,)  ! view (   
execut+ "s o!r automata he _h design$1  
he proce$$  to /udy anatomy1 music1 &   

me*anics1 :i* occupi$ him = sev]al      
ye>s4  ,! sight ( ! ,flute-play] 9 !    
,g>d5s ( ! ,tuil]ies  inspir$ him ) !   
resolution to inv5t a simil> figure t   
%\ld  play2 & aft] sev]al ye>s' /udy &  
lab\r1 ?\gh /ruggl+ )  illness1 he      
succe$$ 9 accompli%+ 8 object4  ,he next
 produc$ a  ,flageolet-play]1 :i* 0     
succe$$ by a ,duck--! mo/ +5i\s ( 8     
contrivances1--:i* swam1 dabbl$1 drank1 
& quack$ l a real duck4  ,he next inv5t$
 an asp1 employ$ 9 ! trag$y (           
#8,cloptre1' :i*  hiss$ & d>t$ at !     
bosom ( ! actress4    ,vaucanson1 h[ev]1
 did n conf9e himself m]ely to ! mak+ ( 
automata4  ,by reason ( 8 +5uity1       
,c>d9al de ,fleury appo9t$ him          
inspector ( ! silk manufactories (      
,france2 & he 0 no soon] 9  (fice1 ?an )
 8 usual irrepressible in/9ct to inv5t1 
he  proce$$ to introduce improvem5ts 9  
silk ma*9]y4  ,"o ( ^! 0  8 mill = ?r[n 
silk1 :i* s excit$ ! ang] ( ! ,lyons    
op]atives1 :o fe>$ ! loss ( employm5t   
?r\gh its means1 t  !y pelt$ him ) /ones

 & _h ne>ly kill$ him4  ,he nev]!less   
w5t on inv5t+1 & next produc$ a ma*9e = 
weav+ fl[]$  silks1 ) a contrivance =   
giv+ a dress+ to ! ?read1 s z to  r5d] t
 ( ea* bobb9 or ske9 ( an equal         
?ickness4    ,:5 ,vaucanson di$ 9 #aghb1
 aft] a long illness1 he bequea!d 8     
collection ( ma*9es to ! ,que51 :o seems
 to h set b small  value on !m1 & !y 7  
%ortly aft] disp]s$4  ,b 8 ma*9e  =     
weav+ fl[]$ silks 0 happily pres]v$ 9 ! 
,cons]vatoire des  ,arts et ,mti]s1 &   
!re ,jacqu>d f\nd x among ! _m curi\s & 
int]e/+ articles 9 ! collection4  ,x    
prov$ ( ! utmo/ value to  him1 = x      
imm$iately set him on ! track ( !       
pr9cipal  modification :i* he introduc$ 
9 8 improv$ loom4    ,"o ( ! *ief       
features ( ,vaucanson's ma*9e 0 a pi]c$ 
cyl9d]  :i*1 accord+ to ! holes x       
pres5t$ :5 revolv$1 regulat$ !  movem5t 
( c]ta9 ne$les1 & caus$ ! ?reads ( ! w>p
 to  deviate 9 su* a mann] z to produce 
a giv5 design1 ?\gh only ( a  simple "*4
  ,jacqu>d seiz$ ^u ! sugge/ion )       

avidity1 &1  ) ! g5ius ( ! true inv5tor1
 at once proce$$ to improve ^u  x4  ,at 
! end ( a mon? 8 weav+-ma*9e 0 complet$4
  ,to !  cyl9d] ( ,vancanson1 he add$ an
 endless piece ( pa/ebo>d pi]c$  ) a    
numb] ( holes1 ?r\gh :i* ! ?reads ( !   
w>p 7  pres5t$ to ! weav]2 :ile ano!r   
piece ( me*anism indicat$ to  ! workman 
! col\r ( ! %uttle :i* he ought to ?r[4 
,?us !  drawboy & ! read] ( designs 7   
bo? at once sup]s$$4  ,!  fir/ use      
,jacqu>d made ( 8 new loom 0 to weave ) 
x sev]al  y>ds ( ri* /uff :i* he pres5t$
 to ! ,empress ,joseph9e4  ,napoleon 0  
highly gratifi$ ) ! result ( ! inv5tor's
 lab\rs1  & ord]$ a numb] ( ! looms to  
be con/ruct$ by ! be/ workm51  aft]     
,jacqu>d's model1 & pres5t$ to him2 aft]
 :i* he return$ to  ,lyons4    ,!re he  
exp]i5c$ ! frequ5t fate ( inv5tors4  ,he
 0 reg>d$ by  8 t[nsm5 z an enemy1 &    
treat$ by !m z ,kay1 ,h>greaves1 &      
,arkwright _h be5 9 ,lanca%ire4  ,!     
workm5 look$ ^u ! new loom  z fatal to  
_! trade1 & fe>$ le/ x %\ld at once take

 ! bread  f _! m\?s4  ,a tumultu\s meet+
 0 held on ! ,place des  ,t]reaux1 :5 x 
0 det]m9$ to de/roy ! ma*9es4  ,?is 0   
h[ev] prev5t$ by ! milit>y4  ,b ,jacqu>d
 0 d5\nc$ & hang$  9 effigy4  ,!        
#8,conseil des prud'hommes' 9 va9       
endeav\r$ to allay  ! excitem5t1 & !y 7 
!mselves d5\nc$4  ,at l5g?1 c>ri$  away 
by ! popul> impulse1 ! prud'hommes1 mo/ 
( :om _h be5  workm5 & sympa?iz$ ) !    
class1 _h "o ( ,jacqu>d's looms  c>ri$  
(f & publicly brok5 9 pieces4  ,riots   
foll[$1 9 "o (  :i* ,jacqu>d 0 dragg$   
along ! quay by an infuriat$ mob int5d+ 
to dr[n him1 b he 0 rescu$4    ,! great 
value ( ! ,jacqu>d loom1 h[ev]1 c\ld n  
be d5i$1 &  its success 0 only a "q (   
"t4  ,jacqu>d 0 urg$ by "s  ,engli% silk
 manufactur]s to pass ov] into ,engl& & 
settle !re4  ,b not)/&+ ! h>% & cruel   
treatm5t he _h receiv$ at !  h&s ( 8    
t[nspeople1 8 patriotism 0 too /rong to 
p]mit him to  accept _! (f]4  ,! ,engli%
 manufactur]s1 h[ev]1 adopt$ 8  loom4   
,!n x 01 & only !n1 t ,lyons1 ?reat5$ to

 be beat5  out ( ! field1 adopt$ x )    
eag]ness2 & be=e long ! ,jacqu>d  ma*9e 
0 employ$ 9 ne>ly all k9ds ( weav+4  ,! 
result prov$  t ! fe>s ( ! workpeople _h
 be5 entirely unf\nd$4  ,in/ead (       
dim9i%+ employm5t1 ! ,jacqu>d loom      
increas$ x at lea/ t5fold4  ,! numb] (  
p]sons occupi$ 9 ! manufacture ( figur$ 
goods 9  ,lyons1 0 /at$ by ,m4 ,leon    
,fau*] to h be5 #fj1jjj 9 #ahcc2 &  t   
numb] has s9ce be5 consid]ably increas$4
    ,z = ,jacqu>d himself1 ! re/ ( 8    
life pass$ peacefully1  except+ t !     
workpeople :o dragg$ him along ! quay to
 dr[n him  7 %ortly aft] f\nd eag] to   
be> him 9 triumph along ! same  r\te 9  
celebration ( 8 bir?day4  ,b 8 mode/y   
w\ld n p]mit  him to take "p 9 su* a    
demon/ration4  ,! ,municipal ,c\ncil (  
,lyons  propos$ to him t he %\ld devote 
himself to improv+ 8 ma*9e  = ! b5efit (
 ! local indu/ry1 to :i* ,jacqu>d agre$ 
9  consid]ation ( a mod]ate p5sion1 !   
am\nt ( :i* 0 fix$ by  himself4  ,aft]  
p]fect+ 8 inv5tion accord+ly1 he retir$ 

at sixty  to end 8 days at ,oull9s1 8   
fa!r's native place4  ,x 0 !re t  he    
receiv$1 9 #ahbj1 ! decoration ( !      
,legion ( ,hon\r2 & x 0  !re t he di$ & 
0 buri$ 9 #ahcd4  ,a /atue 0 erect$ to 8
  memory1 b 8 relatives rema9$ 9 pov]ty2
 & tw5ty ye>s aft] 8  dea?1 8 two nieces
 7 "u ! necessity ( sell+ = a few       
hundr$ francs ! gold m$al be/[$ ^u _!   
uncle by ,l\is ,,xviii4  8,su*10 says a 
,fr5* writ]1 80 ! gratitude ( !         
manufactur+  int]e/s ( ,lyons to ! man  
to :om x owes s l>ge a portion ( its    
spl5d\r40    ,x w\ld be easy to ext5d ! 
m>tyrology ( inv5tors1 & to cite !      
names ( o!r equally di/+ui%$ m5 :o h1   
)\t any  correspond+ advantage to       
!mselves1 contribut$ to ! indu/rial     
progress ( ! age1--= x has too (t5      
happ5$ t g5ius has  plant$ ! tree1 ( :i*
 pati5t dulness has ga!r$ ! fruit2 b we 
w conf9e ourselves = ! pres5t to a brief
 acc\nt ( an inv5tor  ( comp>atively    
rec5t date1 by way ( illu/ration ( !    
difficulties  & privations :i* x is s   

frequ5tly ! lot ( me*anical g5ius to    
surm\nt4  ,we allude to ,jo%ua          
,heilmann1 ! inv5tor ( ! ,comb+  ,ma*9e4
    ,heilmann 0 born 9 #agif at         
,mulh\se1 ! pr9cipal seat ( ! ,alsace   
cotton manufacture4  ,8 fa!r 0 engag$ 9 
t bus9ess2 & ,jo%ua  ent]$ 8 (fice at   
fifte54  ,he rema9$ !re = two ye>s1     
employ+ 8 sp>e "t 9 me*anical draw+4    
,he aft]w>ds sp5t two  ye>s 9 8 uncle's 
bank+-h\se 9 ,p>is1 prosecut+ ! /udy (  
ma!matics 9 ! ev5+s4  ,"s ( 8 relatives 
hav+ e/abli%$ a  small cotton-sp9n+     
factory at ,mulh\se1 "y ,heilmann 0     
plac$ )  ,messrs4 ,tissot & ,rey1 at    
,p>is1 to le>n ! practice ( t firm4  ,at
  ! same "t he became a /ud5t at !      
,cons]vatoire des ,arts et  ,mti]s1 :]e 
he att5d$ ! lectures1 & /udi$ ! ma*9es 9
 !  museum4  ,he also took practical    
lessons 9 turn+ f a toymak]4  ,aft] "s  
"t1 ?us dilig5tly occupi$1 he return$ to
 ,alsace1 to  sup]9t5d ! con/ruction ( !
 ma*9]y = ! new factory at              
,vieux-,?ann1 :i* 0 %ortly f9i%$ & set  

to "w4  ,! op]ations  ( ! manufactory 71
 h[ev]1 s]i\sly affect$ by a comm]cial  
crisis :i* occurr$1 & x pass$ into o!r  
h&s1 on :i* ,heilmann  return$ to 8     
family at ,mulh\se4    ,he _h 9 ! mean  
"t be5 occupy+ mu* ( 8 leisure )        
inv5tions1 m p>ticul>ly 9 connection ) !
 weav+ ( cotton  & ! prep>ation ( !     
/aple = sp9n+4  ,"o ( 8 e>lie/          
contrivances 0 an embroid]+-ma*9e1 9 :i*
 tw5ty ne$les 7  employ$1 work+         
simultane\sly2 & he succe$$ 9 accompli%+
 8  object aft] ab\t six mon?s' lab\r4  
,= ?is inv5tion1 :i* he  exhibit$ at !  
,exposition ( #ahcd1 he receiv$ a gold  
m$al1 & 0  decorat$ ) ! ,legion (       
,hon\r4  ,o!r inv5tions quickly         
foll[$--an improv$ loom1 a ma*9e =      
measur+ & fold+ fabrics1  an improvem5t 
( ! 8bobb9 & fly frames0 ( ! ,engli%    
sp9n]s1  & a weft w9d+-ma*9e1 ) v>i\s   
improvem5ts 9 ! ma*9]y  = prep>+1 sp9n+1
 & weav+ silk & cotton4  ,"o ( 8 mo/    
+5i\s contrivances 0 8 loom = weav+     
simultane\sly two pieces  ( velvet or   

o!r pil$ fabric1 unit$ by ! pile common 
to bo?1 )  a knife & trav]s+ app>atus = 
sep>at+ ! two fabrics :5  wov54  ,b by  
f> ! mo/ beautiful & +5i\s ( 8 inv5tions
 0  ! comb+-ma*9e1 ! hi/ory ( :i* we n[ 
proce$ %ortly to  describe4    ,heilmann
 _h = "s ye>s be5 dilig5tly /udy+ !     
contrivance ( a  ma*9e = comb+          
long-/apl$ cotton1 ! ord9>y c>d+-ma*9e  
be+ f\nd ineffective 9 prep>+ ! raw     
mat]ial = sp9n+1  especially ! f9] sorts
 ( y>n1 besides caus+ consid]able wa/e4 
,to avoid ^! imp]fections1 !            
cotton-sp9n]s ( ,alsace (f]$ a  prize ( 
#ejjj francs = an improv$ comb+-ma*9e1 &
 ,heilmann  imm$iately proce$$ to       
compete = ! rew>d4  ,he 0 n /imulat$  by
 ! desire ( ga91 = he 0 comp>atively    
ri*1 hav+ acquir$ a  consid]able =tune  
by 8 wife4  ,x 0 a say+ ( 8 t 8"o w     
nev] accompli% great ?+s :o is con/antly
 ask+ himself1 h[ mu*  ga9 w ?is br+    
me80  ,:at ma9ly impell$ him 0 !        
irrepressible  in/9ct ( ! inv5tor1 :o no
 soon] has a me*anical problem set  be=e

 him ?an he feels impell$ to und]take   
its solution4  ,! problem  9 ?is case 01
 h[ev]1 mu* m difficult ?an he _h       
anticipat$4  ,! close /udy ( ! subject  
occupi$ him = sev]al ye>s1 & !  exp5ses 
9 :i* he became involv$ 9 connection ) x
 7 s great1  t 8 wife's =tune 0 %ortly  
swall[$ up1 & he 0 r$uc$ to  pov]ty1 )\t
 be+ able to br+ 8 ma*9e to p]fection4  
,f  t "t he 0 "u ! necessity ( rely+    
ma9ly on ! help ( 8  fri5ds to enable   
him to prosecute ! inv5tion4    ,:ile   
/ill /ruggl+ ) pov]ty & difficulties1   
,heilmann's wife  di$1 believ+ h] husb& 
ru9$2 & %ortly aft] he proce$$ to       
,engl& & settl$ = a "t at ,man*e/]1 /ill
 lab\r+ at 8  ma*9e4  ,he _h a model    
made = him by ! em95t ma*9e-mak]s1      
,%>pe1 ,rob]ts1 & ,company2 b /ill he   
c\ld n make x "w  satisfactorily1 & he 0
 at l5g? br\ght almo/ to ! v]ge (       
despair4  ,he return$ to ,france to     
visit 8 family1 /ill pursu+ 8  idea1 :i*
 _h obta9$ complete possession ( 8 m9d4 
,:ile sitt+  by 8 he>? "o ev5+1 m$itat+ 

^u ! h>d fate ( inv5tors &  ! mis=tunes 
9 :i* _! families s (t5 become involv$1 
he  f\nd himself almo/ unconsci\sly     
wat*+ 8 daught]s com+ _!  long hair &   
draw+ x out at full l5g? betwe5 _! f+]s4
  ,!  ?\ght sudd5ly /ruck him t if he   
c\ld successfully imitate 9 a  ma*9e !  
process ( comb+ out ! longe/ hair & =c+ 
back !  %ort by rev]s+ ! action ( !     
comb1 x might s]ve to extricate  him f 8
 difficulty4  ,x may be rememb]$ t ?is  
incid5t 9 !  life ( ,heilmann has be5   
made ! subject ( a beautiful picture by 
,mr4  ,elmore1 ,r4,a41 :i* 0 exhibit$ at
 ! ,royal ,academy ,exhibition (  #ahfb4
    ,^u ?is idea he proce$$1 introduc$ !
 app>5tly simple b really  mo/ intricate
 process ( ma*9e-comb+1 & aft] great    
lab\r he  succe$$ 9 p]fect+ ! inv5tion4 
,! s+ul> beauty ( !  process c only be  
appreciat$ by ^? :o h witness$ ! ma*9e  
at "w1 :5 ! simil>ity ( its movem5ts to 
t ( comb+ !  hair1 :i* sugge/$ !        
inv5tion1 is at once app>5t4  ,! ma*9e  
has be5 describ$ z 8act+ ) almo/ !      

delicacy ( t\* ( !  human f+]s40  ,x    
combs ! lock ( cotton at bo? ends1      
places !  fibres exactly p>allel ) ea*  
o!r1 sep>ates ! long f !  %ort1 & unites
 ! long fibres 9 "o sliv] & ! %ort ones 
9  ano!r4  ,9 f9e1 ! ma*9e n only acts )
 ! delicate accuracy  ( ! human f+]s1 b 
app>5tly ) ! delicate intellig5ce (  !  
human m9d4    ,! *ief comm]cial value ( 
! inv5tion consi/$ 9 its r5d]+  !       
common] sorts ( cotton available = f9e  
sp9n+4  ,!  manufactur]s 7 !reby enabl$ 
to select ! mo/ suitable fibres =       
high-pric$ fabrics1 & to produce ! f9]  
sorts ( y>n 9 mu*  l>g] quantities4  ,x 
became possible by its means to make    
?read s  f9e t a l5g? ( #ccd miles might
 be spun f a s+le p\nd weight  ( !      
prep>$ cotton1 &1 work$ up into ! f9]   
sorts ( lace1 !  orig9al %ill+'s wor? ( 
cotton-wool1 be=e x pass$ into ! h&s  ( 
! consum]1 might ?us be increas$ to !   
value ( betwe5 #cjjl4  & #djjl4 /]l+4   
,! beauty & utility ( ,heilmann's       
inv5tion 7 at once appreciat$  by !     

,engli% cotton-sp9n]s4  ,six ,lanca%ire 
firms unit$ &  pur*as$ ! pat5t =        
cotton-sp9n+ = ,engl& = ! sum (         
#cj1jjjl42 ! wool-sp9n]s paid ! same sum
 = ! privilege (  apply+ ! process to   
wool2 & ! ,messrs4 ,m>%all1 ( ,le$s1    
#bj1jjjl4 = ! privilege ( apply+ x to   
flax4  ,?us weal?  sudd5ly fl[$ 9 ^u    
poor ,heilmann at la/4  ,b he did n live
 to  enjoy x4  ,sc>cely _h 8 long lab\rs
 be5 cr[n$ by success ?an he  di$1 & 8  
son1 :o _h %>$ 9 8 privations1 %ortly   
foll[$  him4    ,x is at ! price ( lives
 su* z ^! t ! wond]s (  civilisation are
 a*iev$4          ,,*apt] ,,iii4  ,,he  
,,great ,,pott]s--,,palissy1 ,b,,ttgh]1 
,,w$gwood4          8,pati5ce is ! f9e/ 
& wor?ie/ "p ( =titude1 & !      r>e/   
too 4 4 4 ,pati5ce lies at ! root ( all 
pleasures1 z well      z ( all p[]s4    
,hope h]self ceases to be happ9ess :5   
,impati5ce companions h]40--,john       
,rusk94        8,il y a v+t et c9q ans  
passez qu'il ne me fut mon/r une c\pe de
      t]re1 t\rne et esmaille d'une     

telle beaut que 4 4 4 dslors1      sans 
avoir esg>d que je n'avois nulle        
connoissance des t]res      argileuses1 
je me mis a *]*] les maux1 comme un     
homme qui ta/e      en tnbres40--,b]n>d 
,palissy4    ,,x s happ5s t ! hi/ory (  
,pott]y furni%es "s ( ! mo/  rem>kable  
in/ances ( pati5t p]sev]ance to be f\nd 
9 ! :ole  range ( biography4  ,( ^! we  
select ?ree ( ! mo/ /rik+1 z  exhibit$ 9
 ! lives ( ,b]n>d ,palissy1 ! ,fr5*man2 
,johann  ,fri$ri* ,bttgh]1 ! ,g]man2 &  
,josiah ,w$gwood1 ! ,engli%man4    ,?\gh
 ! art ( mak+ common vessels ( clay 0   
kn[n to mo/ ( !  anci5t nations1 t (    
manufactur+ enamell$ e>!nw>e 0 mu*  less
 common4  ,x 01 h[ev]1 practis$ by !    
anci5t ,etruscans1  specim5s ( ^: w>e   
are /ill to be f\nd 9 antiqu>ian        
collections4  ,b x became a lo/ art1 & 0
 only recov]$ at a comp>atively  rec5t  
date4  ,! ,etruscan w>e 0 v valuable 9  
anci5t times1 a  vase be+ wor? its      
weight 9 gold 9 ! "t ( ,augu/us4  ,!    
,moors  seem to h pres]v$ among/ !m a k 

( ! art1 :i* !y  7 f\nd practis+ 9 !    
isl& ( ,majorca :5 x 0 tak5 by !        
,pisans 9 #aaae4 ,among ! spoil c>ri$   
away 7 _m plates ( ,moori%  e>!nw>e1    
:i*1 9 tok5 ( triumph1 7 emb$d$ 9 !     
walls (  sev]al ( ! anci5t *ur*es (     
,pisa1 :]e !y are to be se5 to  ?is day4
  ,ab\t two c5turies lat] ! ,italians   
began to make an  imitation enamell$    
w>e1 :i* !y nam$ ,majolica1 aft] !      
,moori%  place ( manufacture4    ,!     
reviv] or re-discov]] ( ! art ( enamell+
 9 ,italy 0 ,luca  della ,robbia1 a     
,flor5t9e sculptor4  ,vas>i describes   
him z a man (  indefatigable p]sev]ance1
 work+ ) 8 *isel all day &  practis+    
draw+ dur+ ! great] "p ( ! night4  ,he  
pursu$ !  latt] art ) s mu* assiduity1 t
 :5 work+ late1 to prev5t 8  feet f     
freez+ ) ! cold1 he 0 accu/om$ to       
provide himself  ) a basket ( %av+s1 9  
:i* he plac$ !m to keep himself w>m  &  
enable him to proce$ ) 8 draw+s4        
8,nor10 says ,vas>i1 8am ,i  9 ! lea/   
a/oni%$ at ?is1 s9ce no man ev] becomes 

di/+ui%$  9 any art :atsoev] :o does n  
e>ly beg9 to acquire ! p[] (  support+  
heat1 cold1 hung]1 ?ir/1 & o!r          
discom=ts2 :]eas  ^? p]sons deceive     
!mselves altoge!r :o suppose t :5 tak+  
_! ease & surr\nd$ by all ! enjoym5ts ( 
! _w !y may  /ill atta9 to hon\rable    
di/9ction1--= x is n by sleep+1 b by    
wak+1 wat*+1 & lab\r+ cont9ually1 t     
pr(ici5cy is atta9$  & reputation       
acquir$40    ,b ,luca1 not)/&+ all 8    
application & indu/ry1 did n  succe$ 9  
e>n+ en\gh money by sculpture to enable 
him to live by !  art1 & ! idea occurr$ 
to him t he might nev]!less be able to  
pursue 8 modell+ 9 "s mat]ial m facile &
 less de> ?an  m>ble4  ,h5ce x 0 t he   
began to make 8 models 9 clay1 & to     
endeav\r by exp]im5t s to coat & bake ! 
clay z to r5d] ^?  models durable4      
,aft] _m trials he at l5g? discov]$ a   
me?od (  cov]+ ! clay ) a mat]ial1 :i*1 
:5 expos$ to ! int5se  heat ( a furnace1
 became conv]t$ into an almo/ imp]i%able
 enamel4  ,he aft]w>ds made ! fur!r     

discov]y ( a me?od ( imp>t+ col\r  to ! 
enamel1 ?us greatly add+ to its beauty4 
,! fame ( ,luca's "w ext5d$ ?r\gh\t     
,europe1 & specim5s ( 8  art became     
widely diffus$4  ,_m ( !m 7 s5t into    
,france &  ,spa91 :]e !y 7 greatly      
priz$4  ,at t "t co>se br[n j>s  &      
pipk9s 7 almo/ ! only articles ( e>!nw>e
 produc$ 9  ,france2 & ?is cont9u$ to be
 ! case1 ) comp>atively small           
improvem5t1 until ! "t ( ,palissy--a man
 :o toil$ & f\ght  aga9/ /up5d\s        
difficulties ) a h]oism t %$s a gl[     
almo/  ( romance ov] ! ev5ts ( 8 *equ]$ 
life4    ,b]n>d ,palissy is suppos$ to h
 be5 born 9 ! s\? ( ,france1 9  !       
diocese ( ,ag51 ab\t ! ye> #aeaj4  ,8   
fa!r 0 probably a  work] 9 glass1 to :i*
 trade ,b]n>d 0 br\ght up4  ,8 p>5ts 7  
poor p--too poor to give him ! b5efit ( 
any s*ool education4  8,i  _h no o!r    
books10 said he aft]w>ds1 8?an heav5 &  
e>?1 :i*  are op5 to all40  ,he le>nt1  
h[ev]1 ! art ( glass-pa9t+1 to  :i* he  
add$ t ( draw+1 & aft]w>ds read+ &      

writ+4    ,:5 ab\t eighte5 ye>s old1 !  
glass trade becom+ decay$1 ,palissy     
left 8 fa!r's h\se1 ) 8 wallet on 8     
back1 & w5t out into  ! _w to se>* :e!r 
!re 0 any place 9 x = him4  ,he fir/    
travell$ t[>ds ,gascony1 work+ at 8     
trade :]e he c\ld f9d  employm5t1 &     
occasionally occupy+ "p ( 8 "t 9        
l&-measur+4  ,!n he travell$ nor?w>ds1  
soj\rn+ = v>i\s  p]iods at diff]5t      
places 9 ,france1 ,fl&]s1 & ,l[]        
,g]many4    ,?us ,palissy occupi$ ab\t  
t5 m ye>s ( 8 life1 aft] :i* he  m>ri$1 
& ceas$ f 8 w&]+s1 settl+ d[n to        
practise  glass-pa9t+ & l&-measur+ at ! 
small t[n ( ,sa9tes1 9 !  ,l[] ,*>5te4  
,!re *ildr5 7 born to him2 & n only 8   
responsibilities b 8 exp5ses increas$1  
:ile1 d :at he c\ld1 8  e>n+s rema9$ too
 small = 8 ne$s4  ,x 0 !re=e necess>y  =
 him to be/ir himself4  ,probably he    
felt capable ( bett] ?+s  ?an drudg+ 9  
an employm5t s prec>i\s z glass-pa9t+2 &
 h5ce  he 0 induc$ to turn 8 att5tion to
 ! k9dr$ art ( pa9t+ &  enamell+        

e>!nw>e4  ,yet on ?is subject he 0 :olly
 ignorant2 =  he _h nev] se5 e>? bak$   
be=e he began 8 op]ations4  ,he _h      
!re=e ev]y?+ to le>n by himself1 )\t any
 help]4  ,b he 0  full ( hope1 eag] to  
le>n1 ( unb\nd$ p]sev]ance &            
inexhau/ible  pati5ce4    ,x 0 ! sight (
 an elegant cup ( ,italian              
manufacture--mo/ probably  "o ( ,luca   
della ,robbia's make--:i* fir/ set      
,palissy a-?9k+ ab\t  ! new art4  ,a    
circum/ance s app>5tly insignificant    
w\ld h  produc$ no effect ^u an ord9>y  
m9d1 or ev5 ^u ,palissy himself at  an  
ord9>y "t2 b occurr+ z x did :5 he 0    
m$itat+ a *ange  ( call+1 he at once    
became inflam$ ) ! desire ( imitat+ x4  
,! sight ( ?is cup di/urb$ 8 :ole       
exi/5ce2 & !  det]m9ation to discov] !  
enamel ) :i* x 0 glaz$  !nce=w>d        
possess$ him l a passion4  ,_h he be5 a 
s+le man he  might h travell$ into      
,italy 9 se>* ( ! secret2 b he 0 b\nd   
to 8 wife & 8 *ildr51 & c\ld n leave !m2
 s he rema9$ by  _! side grop+ 9 ! d>k 9

 ! hope ( f9d+ out ! process (  mak+ &  
enamell+ e>!nw>e4    ,at fir/ he c\ld   
m]ely guess ! mat]ials ( :i* ! enamel 0 
compos$2 & he proce$$ to try all mann] (
 exp]im5ts to asc]ta9  :at !y really 74 
,he p\nd$ all ! sub/ances :i* he suppos$
  7 likely to produce x4  ,!n he b\ght  
common e>!n pots1 broke  !m into pieces1
 &1 spread+ 8 comp\nds ov] !m1 subject$ 
!m  to ! heat ( a furnace :i* he erect$ 
= ! purpose ( bak+ !m4  ,8 exp]im5ts    
fail$2 & ! results 7 brok5 pots & a wa/e
 (  fuel1 drugs1 "t1 & lab\r4  ,wom5 d n
 readily sympa?ise )  exp]im5ts ^: only 
tangible effect is to dissipate ! means 
(  buy+ clo!s & food = _! *ildr52 &     
,palissy's wife1 h[ev]  dutiful 9 o!r   
respects1 c\ld n be reconcil$ to !      
pur*ase (  m e>!n pots1 :i* seem$ to h] 
to be b\ght only to be brok54  ,yet %e  
mu/ ne$s submit2 = ,palissy _h become   
?or\ghly possess$ by  ! det]m9ation to  
ma/] ! secret ( ! enamel1 & w\ld n leave
  x alone4    ,= _m successive mon?s &  
ye>s ,palissy pursu$ 8 exp]im5ts4  ,!   

fir/ furnace hav+ prov$ a failure1 he   
proce$$ to erect ano!r  out ( doors4    
,!re he burnt m wood1 spoil$ m drugs &  
pots1 &  lo/ m "t1 until pov]ty />$ him 
& 8 family 9 ! face4  8,?us10 said he1  
8,i fool$ away sev]al ye>s1 ) sorr[ &   
sighs1  because ,i c\ld n at all arrive 
at my int5tion40  ,9 ! int]vals (  8    
exp]im5ts he occasionally work$ at 8 =m]
 call+s1 pa9t+  on glass1 draw+         
portraits1 & measur+ l&2 b 8 e>n+s f  ^!
 s\rces 7 v small4  ,at l5g? he 0 no    
long] able to c>ry  on 8 exp]im5ts 9 8  
own furnace because ( ! heavy co/ (     
fuel2  b he b\ght m pot%]ds1 broke !m up
 z be=e into ?ree or f\r  hundr$ pieces1
 &1 cov]+ !m ) *emicals1 c>ri$ !m to a  
tile-"w a league & a half di/ant f      
,sa9tes1 !re to be bak$ 9  an ord9>y    
furnace4  ,aft] ! op]ation he w5t to see
 ! pieces tak5  out2 &1 to 8 dismay1 !  
:ole ( ! exp]im5ts 7 failures4  ,b  ?\gh
 disappo9t$1 he 0 n yet defeat$2 = he   
det]m9$ on !  v spot to 8beg9 afre%40   
,8 bus9ess z a l&-measur] call$ him away

 = a brief season f  ! pursuit ( 8      
exp]im5ts4  ,9 con=mity ) an edict ( !  
,/ate1 x became necess>y to survey !    
salt-m>%es 9 !  neighb\rhood ( ,sa9tes =
 ! purpose ( levy+ ! l&-tax4  ,palissy 0
 employ$ to make ?is survey1 & prep>e ! 
requisite map4  ,! "w occupi$ him "s "t1
 & he 0 d\btless well paid = x2  b no   
soon] 0 x complet$ ?an he proce$$1 )    
r$\bl$ zeal1 to  foll[ up 8 old         
inve/igations 89 ! track ( ! enamels40  
,he began  by break+ ?ree doz5 new e>!n 
pots1 ! pieces ( :i* he cov]$  ) diff]5t
 mat]ials :i* he _h comp\nd$1 & !n took 
!m to a  neighb\r+ glass-furnace to be  
bak$4  ,! results gave him a glimm]  (  
hope4  ,! great] heat ( ! glass-furnace 
_h melt$ "s ( !  comp\nds2 b ?\gh       
,palissy se>*$ dilig5tly = ! :ite enamel
 he  c\ld f9d none4    ,= two m ye>s he 
w5t on exp]im5t+ )\t any satisfactory   
result1 until ! proce$s ( 8 survey ( !  
salt-m>%es hav+  become ne>ly sp5t1 he 0
 r$uc$ to pov]ty aga94  ,b he resolv$ to
  make a la/ great ef=t2 & he began by  

break+ m pots ?an ev]4  ,m ?an ?ree     
hundr$ pieces ( pott]y cov]$ ) 8        
comp\nds 7  s5t to ! glass-furnace2 &   
?i!r he himself w5t to wat* !  results (
 ! bak+4  ,f\r h\rs pass$1 dur+ :i* he  
wat*$2 &  !n ! furnace 0 op5$4  ,!      
mat]ial on "o only ( ! ?ree  hundr$     
pieces ( pot%]d _h melt$1 & x 0 tak5 out
 to cool4  ,z  x h>d5$1 x grew :ite-:ite
 & poli%$6  ,! piece ( pot%]d 0  cov]$ )
 :ite enamel1 describ$ by ,palissy z    
8s+ul>ly  beautiful60  ,& beautiful x   
mu/ no d\bt h be5 9 8 eyes aft]  all 8  
we>y wait+4  ,he ran home ) x to 8 wife1
 feel+ himself1  z he express$ x1 q a   
new creature4  ,b ! prize 0 n yet       
won--f> f x4  ,! p>tial success ( ?is   
int5d$ la/ ef=t m]ely  _h ! effect (    
lur+ him on to a succession ( fur!r     
exp]im5ts  & failures4    ,9 ord] t he  
might complete ! inv5tion1 :i* he n[    
believ$ to  be at h&1 he resolv$ to     
build = himself a glass-furnace ne> 8   
dwell+1 :]e he might c>ry on 8 op]ations
 9 secret4  ,he proce$$  to build !     

furnace ) 8 own h&s1 c>ry+ ! bricks f ! 
brick-field ^u 8 back4  ,he 0 bricklay]1
 lab\r]1 & all4  ,f  sev5 to eight m    
mon?s pass$4  ,at la/ ! furnace 0 built 
&  ready = use4  ,palissy _h 9 ! mean "t
 fa%ion$ a numb] (  vessels ( clay 9    
read9ess = ! lay+ on ( ! enamel4  ,aft] 
be+ subject$ to a prelim9>y process (   
bak+1 !y 7 cov]$  ) ! enamel comp\nd1 & 
aga9 plac$ 9 ! furnace = ! gr&  crucial 
exp]im5t4  ,al?\gh 8 means 7 ne>ly      
exhau/$1 ,palissy  _h be5 = "s "t       
accumulat+ a great /ore ( fuel = ! f9al 
ef=t2 & he ?\ght x 0 en\gh4  ,at la/ !  
fire 0 lit1 & !  op]ation proce$$4  ,all
 day he sat by ! furnace1 fe$+ x )      
fuel4  ,he sat !re wat*+ & fe$+ all     
?r\gh ! long night4  ,b  ! enamel did n 
melt4  ,! sun rose ^u 8 lab\rs4  ,8 wife
  br\ght him a portion ( ! scanty morn+ 
meal1--= he w\ld n /ir  f ! furnace1    
into :i* he cont9u$ f "t to "t to heave 
m  fuel4  ,! second day pass$1 & /ill ! 
enamel did n melt4  ,! sun  set1 & ano!r
 night pass$4  ,! pale1 hagg>d1 un%orn1 

baffl$ yet  n beat5 ,palissy sat by 8   
furnace eag]ly look+ = ! melt+ (  !     
enamel4  ,a ?ird day & night pass$--a   
f\r?1 a fif?1 & ev5 a  six?1--yes1 = six
 long days & nights did ! unconqu]able  
,palissy  wat* & toil1 fight+ aga9/     
hope2 & /ill ! enamel w\ld n  melt4     
,x !n occurr$ to him t !re might be "s  
defect 9 ! mat]ials  = ! enamel--p]haps 
some?+ want+ 9 ! flux2 s he set to "w   
to p\nd & comp\nd fre% mat]ials = a new 
exp]im5t4  ,?us two or  ?ree m weeks    
pass$4  ,b h[ to buy m pots8--= ^? :i*  
he  _h made ) 8 own h&s = ! purposes ( !
 fir/ exp]im5t 7  by long bak+          
irretrievably spoilt = ! purposes ( a   
second4  ,8  money 0 n[ all sp5t2 b he  
c\ld borr[4  ,8 "* 0 /ill  good1 ?\gh 8 
wife & ! neighb\rs ?\ght him fooli%ly   
wa/+  8 means 9 futile exp]im5ts4       
,nev]!less he succe$$4  ,he borr[$      
suffici5t f a fri5d to enable him to buy
 m fuel & m pots1  & he 0 aga9 ready = a
 fur!r exp]im5t4  ,! pots 7 cov]$  ) !  
new comp\nd1 plac$ 9 ! furnace1 & ! fire

 0 aga9 lit4    ,x 0 ! la/ & mo/        
desp]ate exp]im5t ( ! :ole4  ,! fire    
blaz$ up2 ! heat became int5se2 b /ill !
 enamel did n melt4  ,! fuel began to   
run %ort6  ,h[ to keep up ! fire8  ,!re 
7 !  g>d5 pal+s3 ^! w\ld burn4  ,!y mu/ 
be sacrific$ r ?an  t ! great exp]im5t  
%\ld fail4  ,! g>d5 pal+s 7 pull$ up  & 
ca/ into ! furnace4  ,!y 7 burnt 9 va96 
,! enamel _h n  yet melt$4  ,t5 m9utes m
 heat might d x4  ,fuel mu/ be _h at    
:atev] co/4  ,!re rema9$ ! h\sehold     
furniture & %elv+4  ,a  cra%+ noise 0   
he>d 9 ! h\se2 & amid/ ! screams ( 8    
wife  & *ildr51 :o n[ fe>$ ,palissy's   
reason 0 giv+ way1 ! tables  7 seiz$1   
brok5 up1 & heav$ into ! furnace4  ,!   
enamel _h n  melt$ yet6  ,!re rema9$ !  
%elv+4  ,ano!r noise ( ! wr5*+  ( timb] 
0 he>d )9 ! h\se2 & ! %elves 7 torn d[n 
&  hurl$ aft] ! furniture into ! fire4  
,wife & *ildr5 !n ru%$  f ! h\se1 & w5t 
frantically ?r\gh ! t[n1 call+ out t    
poor ,palissy _h gone mad1 & 0 break+ up
 8 v furniture =  firewood6 #gd    ,= an

 entire mon? 8 %irt _h n be5 (f 8 back1 
& he 0  utt]ly worn out--wa/$ ) toil1   
anxiety1 wat*+1 & want ( food4  ,he 0 9 
debt1 & seem$ on ! v]ge ( ru94  ,b he _h
 at l5g?  ma/]$ ! secret2 = ! la/ great 
bur/ ( heat _h melt$ !  enamel4  ,!     
common br[n h\sehold j>s1 :5 tak5 out ( 
! furnace  aft] x _h become cool1 7 f\nd
 cov]$ ) a :ite glaze6  ,=  ?is he c\ld 
endure reproa*1 contumely1 & scorn1 &   
wait pati5tly  = ! opportunity ( putt+ 8
 discov]y into practice z bett] days    
came r\nd4    ,palissy next hir$ a pott]
 to make "s e>!n vessels aft] designs   
:i* he furni%$2 :ile he himself proce$$ 
to model "s m$allions  9 clay = !       
purpose ( enamell+ !m4  ,b h[ to ma9ta9 
himself  & 8 family until ! w>es 7 made 
& ready = sale8  ,=tunately  !re rema9$ 
"o man 9 ,sa9tes :o /ill believ$ 9 !    
integrity1 if  n 9 ! judgm5t1 (         
,palissy--an inn-keep]1 :o agre$ to fe$ 
&  lodge him = six mon?s1 :ile he w5t on
 ) 8 manufacture4  ,z =  ! work+ pott]  
:om he _h hir$1 ,palissy soon f\nd t he 

c\ld  n pay him ! /ipulat$ wages4  ,hav+
 already /ripp$ 8 dwell+1  he c\ld b    
/rip himself2 & he accord+ly p>t$ ) "s (
 8  clo!s to ! pott]1 9 "p paym5t ( !   
wages :i* he ow$ him4    ,palissy next  
erect$ an improv$ furnace1 b he 0 s     
un=tunate z to  build "p ( ! inside )   
fl9ts4  ,:5 x 0 heat$1 ^! fl9ts  crack$ 
& bur/1 & ! spicul 7 scatt]$ ov] !      
pieces (  pott]y1 /ick+ to !m4  ,?\gh ! 
enamel came out "r1 ! "w  0             
irretrievably spoilt1 & ?us six m mon?s'
 lab\r 0 lo/4  ,p]sons 7 f\nd will+ to  
buy ! articles at a l[ price1  not)/&+ !
 injury !y _h su/a9$2 b ,palissy w\ld n 
sell  !m1 consid]+ t to h done s w\ld be
 to 8decry & abate 8  hon\r20 & s he    
broke 9 pieces ! entire bat*4           
8,nev]!less10  says he1 8hope cont9u$ to
 inspire me1 & ,i held on manfully2     
sometimes1 :5 visitors call$1 ,i        
ent]ta9$ !m ) pleasantry1  :ile ,i 0    
really sad at he>t4 4 4 4 ,wor/ ( all ! 
suff]+s ,i _h  to endure1 7 ! mock]ies &
 p]secutions ( ^? ( my own  h\sehold1 :o

 7 s unreasonable z to expect me to     
execute "w  )\t ! means ( do+ s4  ,=    
ye>s my furnaces 7 )\t any  cov]+ or    
protection1 & :ile att5d+ !m ,i h be5 = 
nights  at ! m]cy ( ! w9d & ! ra91 )\t  
help or consolation1 save  x might be ! 
wail+ ( cats on ! "o side & ! h[l+ (    
dogs  on ! o!r4  ,sometimes ! tempe/    
w\ld beat s furi\sly aga9/ !  furnaces t
 ,i 0 compell$ to leave !m & seek %elt] 
)9  doors4  ,dr5*$ by ra91 & 9 no bett] 
plight ?an if ,i _h be5  dragg$ ?r\gh   
mire1 ,i h gone to lie d[n at midnight  
or at daybreak1  /umbl+ into ! h\se )\t 
a light1 & reel+ f "o side to  ano!r z  
if ,i _h be5 drunk51 b really we>y )    
wat*+ &  fill$ ) sorr[ at ! loss ( my   
lab\r aft] su* long toil+4  ,b  alas6 my
 home prov$ no refuge2 =1 dr5*$ &       
besme>$ z ,i 01 ,i  f\nd 9 my *amb] a   
second p]secution worse ?an ! fir/1 :i* 
makes me ev5 n[ m>vel t ,i 0 n utt]ly   
consum$ by my _m  sorr[s40    ,at ?is   
/age ( 8 affairs1 ,palissy became       
melan*oly & almo/  hopeless1 & seems to 

h all b brok5 d[n4  ,he w&]$ gloomily   
ab\t ! fields ne> ,sa9tes1 8 clo!s hang+
 9 tatt]s1 &  himself worn to a         
skeleton4  ,9 a curi\s passage 9 8      
writ+s he  describes h[ t ! calves ( 8  
legs _h disappe>$ & 7 no  long] able ) !
 help ( g>t]s to hold up 8 /ock+s1 :i*  
fell  ab\t 8 heels :5 he walk$4 #gg  ,! 
family cont9u$ to reproa*  him = 8      
recklessness1 & 8 neighb\rs cri$ %ame ^u
 him = 8  ob/9ate folly4  ,s he return$ 
= a "t to 8 =m] call+2 &  aft] ab\t a   
ye>'s dilig5t lab\r1 dur+ :i* he e>n$   
bread =  8 h\sehold & some:at recov]$ 8 
"* among 8 neighb\rs1  he aga9 resum$ 8 
d>l+ ent]prise4  ,b ?\gh he _h already  
sp5t  ab\t t5 ye>s 9 ! se>* = ! enamel1 
x co/ him ne>ly eight  m ye>s (         
exp]im5tal plodd+ be=e he p]fect$ 8     
inv5tion4  ,he gradually le>nt dext]ity 
& c]ta9ty ( result by exp]i5ce1  ga!r+  
practical k out ( _m failures4  ,e mi%ap
 0 a  fre% lesson to him1 tea*+ him     
some?+ new ab\t ! nature (  enamels1 !  
qualities ( argillace\s e>?s1 ! temp]+ (

 clays1  & ! con/ruction & managem5t (  
furnaces4    ,at la/1 aft] ab\t sixte5  
ye>s' lab\r1 ,palissy took he>t & call$ 
himself ,pott]4  ,^! sixte5 ye>s _h be5 
8 t]m ( appr5tice%ip  to ! art2 dur+ :i*
 he _h :olly to tea* himself1 beg9n+ at 
!  v beg9n+4  ,he 0 n[ able to sell 8   
w>es & !reby ma9ta9  8 family 9 com=t4  
,b he nev] re/$ satisfi$ ) :at he _h    
accompli%$4  ,he proce$$ f "o /ep (     
improvem5t to ano!r2  always aim+ at !  
greate/ p]fection possible4  ,he /udi$  
natural  objects = patt]ns1 & ) su*     
success t ! great ,buffon spoke  ( him z
 8s great a naturali/ z ,nature only c  
produce40  ,8  ornam5tal pieces are n[  
reg>d$ z r>e gems 9 ! cab9ets (         
virtuosi1 & sell at almo/ fabul\s       
prices4 #gh  ,! ornam5ts on !m  are = ! 
mo/ "p accurate models f life1 ( wild   
animals1  liz>ds1 & plants1 f\nd 9 !    
fields ab\t ,sa9tes1 & ta/efully  comb9$
 z ornam5ts into ! texture ( a plate or 
vase4  ,:5 ,palissy  _h rea*$ ! height (
 8 art he /yl$ himself 8,ouvri] de ,t]re

 et  ,inv5teur des ,ru/ics ,figul9es40  
,we h n1 h[ev]1 come to an end ( !      
suff]+s ( ,palissy1  respect+ :i* a few 
words rema9 to be said4  ,be+ a         
,prote/ant1 at a  "t :5 religi\s        
p]secution wax$ hot 9 ! s\? ( ,france1 &
  express+ 8 views )\t fe>1 he 0 reg>d$ 
z a dang]\s  h]etic4  ,8 enemies hav+   
in=m$ aga9/ him1 8 h\se at ,sa9tes  0   
ent]$ by ! (fic]s ( 8ju/ice10 & 8       
work%op 0 ?r[n  op5 to ! rabble1 :o     
ent]$ & sma%$ 8 pott]y1 :ile he himself 
0 hurri$ (f by night & ca/ into a       
dungeon at ,bordeaux1 to wait 8  turn at
 ! /ake or ! scaffold4  ,he 0 condemn$  
to be burnt2 b a  p[]ful noble1 !       
,con/able de ,montmor5cy1 int]pos$ to   
save 8  life--n because he _h any       
special reg>d = ,palissy or 8 religion1 
b because no o!r arti/ c\ld be f\nd     
capable ( execut+ !  enamell$ pavem5t = 
8 magnific5t *teau !n 9 c\rse ( erection
  at ,ec\51 ab\t f\r leagues f ,p>is4   
,by 8 influ5ce an edict 0  issu$ appo9t+
 ,palissy ,inv5tor ( ,ru/ic ,figul9es to

 ! ,k+ & to  ! ,con/able1 :i* _h !      
effect ( imm$iately remov+ him f !      
jurisdiction ( ,b\rdeaux4  ,he 0        
accord+ly lib]at$1 & return$ to  8 home 
at ,sa9tes only to f9d x deva/at$ &     
brok5 up4 ,8  work%op 0 op5 to ! sky1 & 
8 works lay 9 ru9s4  ,%ak+ !  du/ (     
,sa9tes f 8 feet he left ! place nev] to
 return to x1  & remov$ to ,p>is to c>ry
 on ! works ord]$ ( him by !  ,con/able 
& ! ,que5 ,"m1 be+ lodg$ 9 ! ,tuil]ies  
#gi :ile  s occupi$4    ,besides c>ry+  
on ! manufacture ( pott]y1 ) ! aid ( 8  
two  sons1 ,palissy1 dur+ ! latt] "p ( 8
 life1 wrote & publi%$  sev]al books on 
! pott]'s art1 ) a view to ! in/ruction 
( 8  c\ntrym51 & 9 ord] t !y might avoid
 ! _m mi/akes :i* he  himself _h made4  
,he also wrote on agriculture1 on       
=tification1 &  natural hi/ory1 on :i*  
latt] subject he ev5 deliv]$ lectures to
 a  limit$ numb] ( p]sons4  ,he wag$ w> 
aga9/ a/rology1 al*emy1  wit*craft1 & l 
impo/ures4  ,?is /irr$ up aga9/ him _m  
enemies1 :o po9t$ ! f+] at him z a      

h]etic1 & he 0 aga9  arre/$ = 8 religion
 & imprison$ 9 ! ,ba/ille4  ,he 0 n[ an 
old man ( sev5ty-eight1 trembl+ on !    
v]ge ( ! grave1 b 8  _s 0 z brave z ev]4
  ,he 0 ?reat5$ ) dea? unless he        
recant$2 b he 0 z ob/9ate 9 hold+ to 8  
religion z he _h  be5 9 hunt+ out !     
secret ( ! enamel4  ,! k+1 ,h5ry ,,iii41
 ev5  w5t to see him 9 prison to induce 
him to abjure 8 fai?4  8,my good  man10 
said ! ,k+1 8y h n[ s]v$ my "m & myself 
=  =ty-five ye>s4  ,we h put up ) y\r   
adh]+ to y\r religion  amid/ fires &    
massacres3 n[ ,i am s press$ by ! ,guise
 p>ty z  well z by my own p1 t ,i am    
con/ra9$ to leave y 9 ! h&s  ( y\r      
enemies1 & to-morr[ y w be burnt unless 
y become  conv]t$40  8,sire10 answ]$ !  
unconqu]able old man1 8,i am ready to   
give my life = ! glory ( ,god4  ,y h    
said _m times t y  h pity on me2 & n[ ,i
 h pity on y1 :o h pron\nc$ !  words ,i 
am con/ra9$6  ,x is n spok5 l a k+1     
sire2 x is :at  y1 & ^? :o con/ra9 y1 ! 
,guis>ds & all y\r p1 c  nev] effect ^u 

me1 = ,i "k h[ to die40 #hj;a  ,palissy 
did inde$  die %ortly aft]1 a m>tyr1    
?\gh n at ! /ake4  ,he di$ 9 !          
,ba/ille1 aft] endur+ ab\t a ye>'s      
imprisonm5t1--!re peacefully  t]m9at+ a 
life di/+ui%$ = h]oic lab\r1 extraord9>y
  endurance1 inflexible rectitude1 & !  
exhibition ( _m r>e &  noble virtues4   
#hj;b    ,! life ( ,john ,fr$]ick       
,bttgh]1 ! inv5tor ( h>d porcela91      
pres5ts a rem>kable contra/ to t (      
,palissy2 ?\gh x also  conta9s _m po9ts 
( s+ul> & almo/ romantic int]e/4        
,bttgh]  0 born at ,s*leiz1 9 !         
,voightl&1 9 #afhe1 & at twelve ye>s (  
age 0 plac$ appr5tice ) an apo!c>y at   
,b]l94  ,he seems to h  be5 e>ly        
fasc9at$ by *emi/ry1 & occupi$ mo/ ( 8  
leisure 9  mak+ exp]im5ts4  ,^! = ! mo/ 
"p t5d$ 9 "o direction--!  art ( conv]t+
 common on metals into gold4  ,at ! end 
( sev]al  ye>s1 ,bttgh] pret5d$ to h    
discov]$ ! univ]sal solv5t ( !          
al*emi/s1 & pr(ess$ t he _h made gold by
 its means4  ,he  exhibit$ its p[]s be=e

 8 ma/]1 ! apo!c>y ,zrn1 & by "s  trick 
or o!r succe$$ 9 mak+ him & sev]al o!r  
witnesses  believe t he _h actually     
conv]t$ copp] into gold4    ,! news     
spread abroad t ! apo!c>y's appr5tice _h
 discov]$  ! gr& secret1 & cr[ds        
collect$ ab\t ! %op to get a sight (  ! 
wond]ful "y 8gold-cook40  ,! k+ himself 
express$ a wi% to  see & conv]se ) him1 
& :5 ,fr$]ick ,i4 0 pres5t$ ) a  piece (
 ! gold pret5d$ to h be5 conv]t$ f      
copp]1 he 0 s  dazzl$ ) ! prospect (    
secur+ an inf9ite quantity ( x--,prussia
  be+ !n 9 great /raits = money--t he   
det]m9$ to secure  ,bttgh] & employ him 
to make gold = him )9 ! /rong =tress  ( 
,sp&au4  ,b ! "y apo!c>y1 suspect+ !    
k+'s int5tion1  & probably fe>+         
detection1 at once resolv$ on flight1 & 
he  succe$$ 9 gett+ across ! fronti]    
into ,saxony4    ,a rew>d ( a ?\s& ?al]s
 0 (f]$ = ,bttgh]'s appreh5sion1  b 9   
va94  ,he arriv$ at ,witt5b]g1 & appeal$
 = protection to  ! ,elector ( ,saxony1 
,fr$]ick ,augu/us ,i4 7,k+ ( ,pol&71    

surnam$  8! ,/rong40  ,fr$]ick 0 himself
 v mu* 9 want ( money at !  "t1 & he 0  
ov]joy$ at ! prospect ( obta9+ gold 9   
any  quantity by ! aid ( ! "y al*emi/4  
,bttgh] 0 accord+ly  convey$ 9 secret to
 ,dresd51 accompani$ by a royal escort4 
,he _h  sc>cely left ,witt5b]g :5 a     
battalion ( ,prussian gr5adi]s appe>$   
be=e ! gates dem&+ ! gold-mak]'s        
extradition4  ,b x 0 too  late3 ,bttgh] 
_h already arriv$ 9 ,dresd51 :]e he 0   
lodg$ 9 !  ,gold5 ,h\se1 & treat$ ) e   
consid]ation1 ?\gh /rictly  wat*$ & kept
 "u gu>d4    ,! ,elector1 h[ev]1 mu/    
ne$s leave him !re = a "t1 hav+ to      
dep>t =?) to ,pol&1 !n almo/ 9 a /ate ( 
an>*y4  ,b1  impati5t = gold1 he wrote  
,bttgh] f ,w>saw1 urg+ him to           
communicate ! secret1 s t he himself    
might practise ! art (  commutation4  ,!
 "y 8gold-cook10 ?us press$1 =w>d$ to   
,fr$]ick  a small phial conta9+ 8a r$di%
 fluid10 :i*1 x 0 ass]t$1  *ang$ all    
metals1 :5 9 a molt5 /ate1 into gold4   
,?is important  phial 0 tak5 9 *>ge by !

 ,pr9ce ,fr/ von ,fr/5burg1 :o1         
accompani$ by a regim5t ( ,gu>ds1 hurri$
 ) x to ,w>saw4  ,arriv$  !re1 x 0      
det]m9$ to make imm$iate trial ( !      
process4  ,!  ,k+ & ! ,pr9ce lock$      
!mselves up 9 a secret *amb] ( !        
palace1 girt !mselves ab\t ) lea!r      
aprons1 & l true  8gold-cooks0 set to "w
 melt+ copp] 9 a crucible & aft]w>ds    
apply+ to x ! r$ fluid ( ,bttgh]4  ,b ! 
result 0  unsatisfactory2 = not)/&+ all 
t !y c\ld d1 ! copp]  ob/9ately rema9$  
copp]4  ,on ref]r+ to ! al*emi/'s       
in/ructions1 h[ev]1 ! ,k+ f\nd t1 to    
succe$ ) ! process1  x 0 necess>y t !   
fluid %\ld be us$ 89 great purity (     
he>t20 & z 8 ,maje/y 0 consci\s ( hav+  
sp5t ! ev5+ 9  v bad company he         
attribut$ ! failure ( ! exp]im5t to t   
cause4  ,a second trial 0 foll[$ by no  
bett] results1 & !n !  ,k+ became       
furi\s2 = he _h confess$ & receiv$      
absolution be=e  beg9n+ ! second        
exp]im5t4    ,fr$]ick ,augu/us n[       
resolv$ on =c+ ,bttgh] to disclose !    

gold5 secret1 z ! only means ( relief f 
8 urg5t pecuni>y  difficulties4  ,!     
al*emi/1 he>+ ( ! royal int5tion1 aga9  
det]m9$ to fly4  ,he succe$$ 9 escap+ 8 
gu>d1 &1 aft] ?ree  days' travel1 arriv$
 at ,ens 9 ,au/ria1 :]e he ?\ght himself
 safe4  ,! ag5ts ( ! ,elector 71 h[ev]1 
at 8 heels2 !y _h track$  him to !      
8,gold5 ,/ag10 :i* !y surr\nd$1 & seiz+ 
him 9 8  b$1 not)/&+ 8 resi/ance &      
appeals to ! ,au/rian  au?orities =     
help1 !y c>ri$ him by =ce to ,dresd54   
,f ?is  "t he 0 m /rictly wat*$ ?an ev]1
 & he 0 %ortly aft]  transf]r$ to !     
/rong =tress ( ,kn+/e94  ,x 0           
communicat$  to him t ! royal ex*equ] 0 
completely empty1 & t t5  regim5ts (    
,poles 9 arre>s ( pay 7 wait+ = 8 gold4 
,! ,k+  himself visit$ him1 & told him 9
 a sev]e tone t if he did n at  once    
proce$ to make gold1 he w\ld be hung6   
78,?u mir zure*t1  ,bttgh]1 son/ lass i*
 di* hang5074    ,ye>s pass$1 & /ill    
,bttgh] made no gold2 b he 0 n hung4  ,x
  0 res]v$ = him to make a f> m         

important discov]y ?an !  conv]sion (   
copp] into gold1 namely1 ! conv]sion (  
clay into  porcela94  ,"s r>e specim5s (
 ?is w>e _h be5 br\ght by !  ,portuguese
 f ,*9a1 :i* 7 sold = m ?an _! weight 9 
gold4  ,bttgh] 0 fir/ induc$ to turn 8  
att5tion to ! subject by  ,walt] von    
,ts*irnhaus1 a mak] ( optical in/rum5ts1
 also an  al*emi/4  ,ts*irnhaus 0 a man 
( education & di/9ction1 & 0  held 9 mu*
 e/eem by ,pr9ce ,fr/5burg z well z by !
 ,elector4  ,he  v s5sibly said to      
,bttgh]1 /ill 9 fe> ( ! gall[s--8,if y  
c't make gold1 try & d some?+ else2 make
 porcela940    ,! al*emi/ act$ on ! h9t1
 & began 8 exp]im5ts1 work+ night  &    
day4  ,he prosecut$ 8 inve/igations = a 
long "t ) great  assiduity1 b )\t       
success4  ,at l5g? "s r$ clay1 br\ght to
 him  = ! purpose ( mak+ 8 crucibles1   
set him on ! "r track4  ,he  f\nd t ?is 
clay1 :5 submitt$ to a high temp]ature1 
became  vitrifi$ & reta9$ its %ape2 & t 
its texture resembl$ t (  porcela91     
except+ 9 col\r & opacity4  ,he _h 9    

fact accid5tally  discov]$ r$ porcela91 
& he proce$$ to manufacture x & sell x  
z porcela94    ,bttgh] 01 h[ev]1 well   
aw>e t ! :ite col\r 0 an ess5tial       
prop]ty ( true porcela92 & he !re=e     
prosecut$ 8 exp]im5ts  9 ! hope (       
discov]+ ! secret4  ,sev]al ye>s ?us    
pass$1 b  )\t success2 until aga9       
accid5t /ood 8 fri5d1 & help$ him to  a 
k ( ! art ( mak+ :ite porcela94  ,"o    
day1 9 ! ye>  #agjg1 he f\nd 8 p]ruque  
unusually heavy1 & ask$ ( 8 valet !     
reason4  ,! answ] 01 t x 0 ow+ to ! p[d]
 ) :i* !  wig 0 dress$1 :i* consi/$ ( a 
k9d ( e>? !n mu* us$ =  hair p[d]4      
,bttgh]'s quick imag9ation imm$iately   
seiz$ ^u !  idea4  ,?is :ite e>?y p[d]  
might possibly be ! v e>? ( :i*  he 0 9 
se>*--at all ev5ts ! opportunity mu/ n  
be let slip (  asc]ta9+ :at x really 04 
,he 0 rew>d$ = 8 pa9/ak+  c>e &         
wat*fulness2 = he f\nd1 on exp]im5t1 t !
 pr9cipal  +r$i5t ( ! hair-p[d] consi/$ 
( kaol91 ! want ( :i*  _h s long =m$ an 
insup]able difficulty 9 ! way ( 8       

inquiries4    ,! discov]y1 9 ,bttgh]'s  
intellig5t h&s1 l$ to great results1 &  
prov$ ( f> great] importance ?an !      
discov]y ( ! philosoph]'s  /one w\ld h  
be54  ,9 ,octob]1 #agjg1 he pres5t$ 8   
fir/ piece (  porcela9 to ! ,elector1 :o
 0 greatly pleas$ ) x2 & x 0  resolv$ t 
,bttgh] %\ld be furni%$ ) ! means       
necess>y =  p]fect+ 8 inv5tion4  ,hav+  
obta9$ a skill$ workman f ,delft1  he   
began to turn porcela9 ) great success4 
,he n[ entirely  ab&on$ al*emy = pott]y1
 & inscrib$ ov] ! door ( 8  work%op ?is 
di/i*3--        8,es ma*te ,gott1 d]    
grosse ,s*pf]1      ,aus e9em ,goldma*] 
e95 ,tpf]40 #hd    ,bttgh]1 h[ev]1 0    
/ill "u /rict surveillance1 = fe> le/ he
  %\ld communicate 8 secret to o!rs or  
escape ! ,elector's control4  ,! new    
work%ops & furnaces :i* 7 erect$ = him1 
7 gu>d$  by troops night & day1 & six   
sup]ior (fic]s 7 made responsible  = !  
p]sonal security ( ! pott]4    ,bttgh]'s
 fur!r exp]im5ts ) 8 new furnaces prov+ 
v  successful1 & ! porcela9 :i* he      

manufactur$ be+ f\nd to fet*  l>ge      
prices1 x 0 next det]m9$ to e/abli% a   
,royal ,manufactory (  porcela94  ,!    
manufacture ( delft w>e 0 kn[n to h     
greatly  enri*$ ,holl&4  ,:y %\ld n !   
manufacture ( porcela9 equally  enri* ! 
,elector8  ,accord+ly1 a decree w5t =?1 
dat$ ! #bcrd (  ,janu>y1 #agaj1 = !     
e/abli%m5t ( 8a l>ge manufactory (      
porcela90 at ! ,albre*tsburg 9 ,meiss54 
,9 ?is decree1 :i* 0  translat$ into    
,lat91 ,fr5*1 & ,dut*1 & di/ribut$ by ! 
,ambassadors ( ! ,elector at all !      
,european ,c\rts1 ,fr$]ick ,augu/us  set
 =? t to promote ! welf>e ( ,saxony1 :i*
 _h suff]$ mu*  ?r\gh ! ,sw$i% invasion1
 he _h 8direct$ 8 att5tion to !         
subt]ranean treasures 7unt]irdis*5      
,s*tze70 ( ! c\ntry1 &  hav+ employ$ "s 
able p]sons 9 ! inve/igation1 !y _h     
succe$$ 9 manufactur+ 8a sort ( r$      
vessels 7e9e ,art ro!r  ,gefsse7 f>     
sup]ior to ! ,indian t]ra sigillata20   
#he z also  8col\r$ w>e & plates 7buntes
 ,ges*irr und ,tafeln7 :i* may be  cut1 

gr\nd1 & poli%$1 & are q equal to       
,indian vessels10 &  f9ally t 8specim5s 
( :ite porcela9 7,prob5 von weissem     
,porzellan70 _h already be5 obta9$1 & x 
0 hop$ t ?is  quality1 too1 w\ld soon be
 manufactur$ 9 consid]able quantities4  
,!  royal decree conclud$ by invit+     
8=eign arti/s & h&icraftm50 to  come to 
,saxony & engage z assi/ants 9 ! new    
factory1 at high  wages1 & "u !         
patronage ( ! ,k+4  ,?is royal edict    
probably  gives ! be/ acc\nt ( ! actual 
/ate ( ,bttgh]'s inv5tion at !  "t4     
,x has be5 /at$ 9 ,g]man publications t 
,bttgh]1 = ! great  s]vices r5d]$ by him
 to ! ,elector & to ,saxony1 0 made     
,manag]  ( ! ,royal ,porcela9 ,works1 & 
fur!r promot$ to ! dignity (  ,b>on4    
,d\btless he des]v$ ^! hon\rs2 b 8      
treatm5t 0 ( an  altoge!r diff]5t "*1 = 
x 0 %abby1 cruel1 & inhuman4  ,two royal
 (ficials1 nam$ ,mat?ieu & ,nehmitz1 7  
put ov] 8 head  z directors ( ! factory1
 :ile he himself only held ! position ( 
=eman ( pott]s1 & at ! same "t 0 deta9$ 

! ,k+'s  prison]4  ,dur+ ! erection ( ! 
factory at ,meiss51 :ile 8  assi/ance 0 
/ill indisp5sable1 he 0 conduct$ by     
soldi]s to &  f ,dresd52 & ev5 aft] !   
works 7 f9i%$1 he 0 lock$ up  nightly 9 
8 room4  ,all ?is prey$ ^u 8 m9d1 & 9   
repeat$  lett]s to ! ,k+ he s\ght to    
obta9 mitigation ( 8 fate4  ,"s (  ^!   
lett]s are v t\*+4  8,i w devote my :ole
 s\l to ! art  ( mak+ porcela910 he     
writes on "o occasion1 8,i w d m ?an any
  inv5tor ev] did be=e2 only give me    
lib]ty1 lib]ty60    ,to ^! appeals1 !   
,k+ turn$ a deaf e>4  ,he 0 ready to    
sp5d  money & grant fav\rs2 b lib]ty he 
w\ld n give4  ,he reg>d$  ,bttgh] z 8   
slave4  ,9 ?is position1 ! p]secut$ man 
kept on  work+ = "s "t1 till1 at ! end (
 a ye> or two1 he grew  neglig5t4       
,disgu/$ ) ! _w & ) himself1 he took to 
dr9k+4  ,su* is ! =ce ( example1 t x no 
soon] became kn[n  t ,bttgh] _h betak5  
himself to ?is vice1 ?an ! great] numb] 
( ! workm5 at ! ,meiss5 factory became  
drunk>ds too4  ,qu>rels &  fight+s )\t  

end 7 ! consequ5ce1 s t ! troops 7      
frequ5tly call$ ^u to int]f]e & keep    
peace among !  8,porzellan]n10 z !y 7   
nicknam$4  ,aft] a :ile1 ! :ole (  !m1 m
 ?an ?ree hundr$1 7 %ut up 9 !          
,albre*tsburg1 &  treat$ z prison]s (   
/ate4    ,bttgh] at la/ fell s]i\sly    
ill1 & 9 ,may1 #agac1 8 dissolution  0  
h\rly expect$4  ,! ,k+1 al>m$ at los+ s 
valuable a slave1  n[ gave him p]mission
 to take c>riage ex]cise "u a gu>d2 &1  
hav+ some:at recov]$1 he 0 all[$        
occasionally to g to ,dresd54  ,9 a     
lett] writt5 by ! ,k+ 9 ,april1 #agad1  
,bttgh] 0 promis$ 8  full lib]ty2 b !   
(f] came too late4  ,brok5 9 body & m9d1
  alt]nately work+ & dr9k+1 ?\gh )      
occasional gleams ( nobl]  int5tion1 &  
suff]+ "u con/ant ill-heal?1 ! result ( 
8  en=c$ conf9em5t1 ,bttgh] l+]$ on = a 
few ye>s m1 until  dea? fre$ him f 8    
suff]+s on ! #ac? ,m>*1 #agai1 9 !      
?irty-fif? ye> ( 8 age4  ,he 0 buri$ at 
night--z if he _h be5  a dog--9 !       
,johannis ,cemet]y ( ,meiss54  ,su* 0 ! 

treatm5t &  su* ! unhappy end1 ( "o (   
,saxony's greate/ b5efactors4    ,!     
porcela9 manufacture imm$iately op5$ up 
an important s\rce (  public rev5ue1 & x
 became s productive to ! ,elector (    
,saxony1  t 8 example 0 %ortly aft]     
foll[$ by mo/ ,european mon>*s4  ,al?\gh
 s(t porcela9 _h be5 made at ,/4 ,cl\d  
f\rte5 ye>s be=e  ,bttgh]'s discov]y1 ! 
sup]iority ( ! h>d porcela9 soon became 
g5]ally recognis$4  ,its manufacture 0  
begun at ,svres 9 #aggj1 &  x has s9ce  
almo/ entirely sup]s$$ ! s(t] mat]ial4  
,?is is n[  "o ( ! mo/ ?riv+ bran*es (  
,fr5* indu/ry1 ( :i* ! high  quality ( !
 articles produc$ is c]ta9ly            
indisputable4    ,! c>e] ( ,josiah      
,w$gwood1 ! ,engli% pott]1 0 less *equ]$
 &  m prosp]\s ?an t ( ei!r ,palissy or 
,bttgh]1 & 8 lot 0  ca/ 9 happi] times4 
,d[n to ! middle ( la/ c5tury ,engl& 0  
beh9d mo/ o!r nations ( ! fir/ ord] 9   
,europe 9 respect (  skill$ indu/ry4    
,al?\gh !re 7 _m pott]s 9 ,/af=d%ire--& 
,w$gwood himself belong$ to a num]\s    

clan ( pott]s ( ! same  "n--_!          
productions 7 ( ! rude/ k9d1 = ! mo/ "p 
only  pla9 br[n w>e1 ) ! patt]ns scrat*$
 9 :ile ! clay 0 wet4  ,! pr9cipal      
supply ( ! bett] articles ( e>!nw>e came
 f  ,delft 9 ,holl&1 & ( dr9k+ /one pots
 f ,cologne4  ,two =eign  pott]s1 !     
bro!rs ,el]s f ,nuremb]g1 settl$ = a "t 
9  ,/af=d%ire1 & introduc$ an improv$   
manufacture1 b !y %ortly  aft] remov$ to
 ,*elsea1 :]e !y conf9$ !mselves to !   
manufacture ( ornam5tal pieces4  ,no    
porcela9 capable ( resi/+ a  scrat* ) a 
h>d po9t _h yet be5 made 9 ,engl&2 & = a
 long  "t ! 8:ite w>e0 made 9 ,/af=d%ire
 0 n :ite1 b ( a dirty  cream col\r4    
,su*1 9 a few words1 0 ! condition ( !  
pott]y  manufacture :5 ,josiah ,w$gwood 
0 born at ,burslem 9 #agcj4  ,by !  "t t
 he di$1 sixty-f\r ye>s lat]1 x _h      
become completely  *ang$4  ,by 8 en]gy1 
skill1 & g5ius1 he e/abli%$ ! trade ^u  
a new & solid f\ndation2 &1 9 ! words ( 
8 epitaph1 8conv]t$  a rude &           
inconsid]able manufacture into an       

elegant art & an  important bran* (     
national comm]ce40    ,josiah ,w$gwood 0
 "o ( ^? indefatigable m5 :o f "t to "t 
spr+ f ! ranks ( ! common p1 & by _!    
en]getic  "* n only practically educate 
! work+ population 9 habits  ( indu/ry1 
b by ! example ( dilig5ce & p]sev]ance  
:i* !y  set be=e !m1 l>gely influ5ce !  
public activity 9 all directions1  &    
contribute 9 a great degree to =m !     
national "*4  ,he 01  l ,arkwright1 !   
y\nge/ ( a family ( ?irte5 *ildr54  ,8  
gr&fa!r & gr&uncle 7 bo? pott]s1 z 0    
also 8 fa!r :o  di$ :5 he 0 a m]e boy1  
leav+ him a patrimony ( tw5ty p\nds4    
,he _h le>n$ to read & write at !       
village s*ool2 b on ! dea?  ( 8 fa!r he 
0 tak5 f x & set to "w z a 8?r[]0 9 a   
small pott]y c>ri$ on by 8 eld] bro!r4  
,!re he began life1 8  work+ life1 to   
use 8 own words1 8at ! l[e/ r\nd ( !    
ladd]10  :5 only elev5 ye>s old4  ,he 0 
%ortly aft] seiz$ by an attack (        
virul5t smallpox1 f ! effects ( :i* he  
suff]$ dur+ ! re/  ( 8 life1 = x 0      

foll[$ by a disease 9 ! "r knee1 :i*    
recurr$ at frequ5t int]vals1 & 0 only   
got rid ( by ! amputation  ( ! limb _m  
ye>s lat]4  ,mr4 ,glad/one1 9 8 eloqu5t 
loge on  ,w$gwood rec5tly deliv]$ at    
,burslem1 well obs]v$ t ! disease  f :i*
 he suff]$ 0 n improbably ! occasion ( 8
 subsequ5t  excell5ce4  8,x prev5t$ him 
f gr[+ up to be ! active1 vigor\s       
,engli% workman1 possess$ ( all 8 limbs1
 & kn[+ "r well !  use ( !m2 b x put him
 ^u consid]+ :e!r1 z he c\ld n be  t1 he
 might n be some?+ else1 & some?+       
great]4  ,x s5t 8  m9d inw>ds2 x drove  
him to m$itate ^u ! laws & secrets ( 8  
art4  ,! result 01 t he arriv$ at a     
p]ception & a grasp ( !m  :i* might1    
p]haps1 h be5 envi$1 c]ta9ly h be5 own$1
 by an  ,a!nian pott]40 #hi    ,:5 he _h
 complet$ 8 appr5tice%ip ) 8 bro!r1     
,josiah jo9$  p>tn]%ip ) ano!r workman1 
& c>ri$ on a small bus9ess 9  mak+      
knife-hafts1 boxes1 & sundry articles = 
dome/ic use4  ,ano!r  p>tn]%ip foll[$1  
:5 he proce$$ to make melon table       

plates1 gre5  pickle leaves1 c&le/icks1 
snuffboxes1 & su* l articles2 b he  made
 comp>atively little progress until he  
began bus9ess on 8 own  acc\nt at       
,burslem 9 ! ye> #agei4  ,!re he        
dilig5tly pursu$ 8  call+1 introduc+ new
 articles to ! trade1 & gradually ext5d+
  8 bus9ess4  ,:at he *iefly aim$ at 0  
to manufacture cream-col\r$  w>e ( a    
bett] quality ?an 0 !n produc$ 9        
,/af=d%ire z  reg>d$ %ape1 col\r1 glaze1
 & durability4  ,to und]/& ! subject    
?or\ghly1 he devot$ 8 leisure to ! /udy 
( *emi/ry2 & he made  num]\s exp]im5ts  
on fluxes1 glazes1 & v>i\s sorts ( clay4
  ,be+  a close inquir] & accurate      
obs]v]1 he notic$ t a c]ta9 e>?  conta9+
 silica1 :i* 0 black be=e calc9ation1   
became :ite aft]  exposure to ! heat ( a
 furnace4  ,?is fact1 obs]v$ & pond]$   
on1  l$ to ! idea ( mix+ silica ) ! r$  
p[d] ( ! pott]ies1  & to ! discov]y t ! 
mixture becomes :ite :5 calc9$4  ,he  _h
 b to cov] ?is mat]ial ) a vitrification
 ( transp>5t glaze1  to obta9 "o ( ! mo/

 important products ( fictile art--t    
:i*1  "u ! "n ( ,engli% e>!nw>e1 0 to   
atta9 ! greate/  comm]cial value &      
become ( ! mo/ ext5sive utility4        
,w$gwood 0 = "s "t mu* tr\bl$ by 8      
furnaces1 ?\gh no?+  l to ! same ext5t t
 ,palissy 02 & he ov]came 8             
difficulties 9 ! same way--by repeat$   
exp]im5ts & unfalt]+  p]sev]ance4  ,8   
fir/ attempts at mak+ porcela9 = table  
use 0 a  succession ( disa/r\s          
failures1--! lab\rs ( mon?s be+ (t5     
de/roy$ 9 a day4  ,x 0 only aft] a long 
s]ies ( trials1 9 !  c\rse ( :i* he lo/ 
"t1 money1 & lab\r1 t he arriv$ at !    
prop] sort ( glaze to be us$2 b he w\ld 
n be d5i$1 & at la/  he conqu]$ success 
?r\gh pati5ce4  ,! improvem5t ( pott]y  
became  8 passion1 & 0 nev] lo/ sight ( 
= a mom5t4  ,ev5 :5 he _h  ma/]$ 8      
difficulties1 & become a prosp]\s       
man--manufactur+  :ite /one w>e &       
cream-col\r$ w>e 9 l>ge quantities =    
home &  =eign use--he w5t =w>d p]fect+ 8
 manufactures1 until1 8  example ext5d+ 

9 all directions1 ! action ( ! entire   
di/rict  0 /imulat$1 & a great bran* (  
,briti% indu/ry 0 ev5tually  e/abli%$ on
 firm f\ndations4  ,he aim$ ?r\gh\t at !
 highe/  excell5ce1 decl>+ 8 det]m9ation
 8to give ov] manufactur+ any  article1 
:atsoev] x might be1 r ?an to degrade   
x40    ,w$gwood 0 cordially help$ by _m 
p]sons ( rank & influ5ce2 =1  work+ 9 ! 
true/ _s1 he readily comm&$ ! help &    
enc\ragem5t ( o!r true work]s4  ,he made
 = ,que5 ,*>lotte !  fir/ royal         
table-s]vice ( ,engli% manufacture1 ( ! 
k9d aft]w>ds  call$ 8,que5's-w>e10 & 0  
appo9t$ ,royal ,pott]2 a title :i* he   
priz$ m ?an if he _h be5 made a b>on4   
,valuable sets ( porcela9  7 entru/$ to 
him = imitation1 9 :i* he succe$$ to    
admiration4  ,sir ,william ,hamilton l5t
 him specim5s ( anci5t art f            
,h]culaneum1  ( :i* he produc$ accurate 
& beautiful copies4  ,! ,du*ess (       
,portl& outbid him = ! ,b>b]9i ,vase :5 
t article 0 (f]$  = sale4  ,he bid z    
high z sev5te5 hundr$ gu9eas = x3 h]    

grace  secur$ x = eighte5 hundr$2 b :5  
%e le>nt ,w$gwood's object  %e at once  
g5]\sly l5t him ! vase to copy4  ,he    
produc$ fifty  copies at a co/ ( ab\t   
#bejjl41 & 8 exp5ses 7 n cov]$ by  _!   
sale2 b he ga9$ 8 object1 :i* 0 to %[ t 
:atev] _h  be5 done1 t ,engli% skill &  
en]gy c\ld & w\ld accompli%4    ,w$gwood
 call$ to 8 aid ! crucible ( ! *emi/1 ! 
k (  ! antiqu>y1 & ! skill ( ! arti/4   
,he f\nd out ,flaxman :5 a  y\?1 & :ile 
he lib]ally nurtur$ 8 g5ius drew f him a
 l>ge  numb] ( beautiful designs = 8    
pott]y & porcela92 conv]t+  !m by 8     
manufacture into objects ( ta/e &       
excell5ce1 & ?us  mak+ !m in/rum5tal 9 !
 diffusion ( classical art among/ !  p4 
,by c>eful exp]im5t & /udy he 0 ev5     
enabl$ to  r$iscov] ! art ( pa9t+ on    
porcela9 or e>!nw>e vases &  simil>     
articles--an art practis$ by ! anci5t   
,etruscans1 b :i* _h  be5 lo/ s9ce ! "t 
( ,pl9y4  ,he di/+ui%$ himself by 8 own 
contributions to sci5ce1 & 8 "n is /ill 
id5tifi$ ) !  ,pyromet] :i* he inv5t$4  

,he 0 an indefatigable support] ( all   
measures ( public utility2 & !          
con/ruction ( ! ,tr5t & ,m]sey  ,canal1 
:i* complet$ ! navigable communication  
betwe5 ! ea/]n  & we/]n sides ( ! isl&1 
0 ma9ly due to 8 public-spirit$         
ex]tions1 alli$ to ! eng9e]+ skill (    
,br9dley4  ,! road  accommodation ( !   
di/rict be+ ( an execrable "*1 he plann$
  & execut$ a turnpike-road ?r\gh !     
,pott]ies1 t5 miles 9 l5g?4  ,!         
reputation he a*iev$ 0 su* t 8 works at 
,burslem1 &  subsequ5tly ^? at ,etruria1
 :i* he f\nd$ & built1 became a po9t  ( 
attraction to di/+ui%$ visitors f all   
p>ts ( ,europe4    ,! result (          
,w$gwood's lab\rs 01 t ! manufacture (  
pott]y1  :i* he f\nd 9 ! v l[e/         
condition1 became "o ( ! /aples (       
,engl&2 & in/ead ( import+ :at we ne$$ =
 home use f  abroad1 we became l>ge     
export]s to o!r c\ntries1 supply+ !m )  
e>!nw>e ev5 9 ! face ( enorm\s          
prohibitory duties on articles  (       
,briti% produce4  ,w$gwood gave evid5ce 

z to 8 manufactures be=e  ,p>liam5t 9   
#aghe1 only "s ?irty ye>s aft] he _h    
begun 8  op]ations2 f :i* x appe>$1 t   
in/ead ( provid+ only casual  employm5t 
to a small numb] ( ineffici5t & badly   
remun]at$  workm51 ab\t #bj1jjj p]sons  
!n d]iv$ _! bread directly f !          
manufacture ( e>!nw>e1 )\t tak+ into    
acc\nt ! increas$  numb]s to :i* x gave 
employm5t 9 coal-m9es1 & 9 ! c>ry+      
trade by l& & sea1 & ! /imulus :i* x    
gave to employm5t 9  _m ways 9 v>i\s    
p>ts ( ! c\ntry4  ,yet1 important z _h  
be5  ! advances made 9 8 "t1 ,mr4       
,w$gwood 0 ( op9ion t !  manufacture 0 b
 9 its infancy1 & t ! improvem5ts :i* he
  _h effect$ 7 ( b small am\nt comp>$ ) 
^? to :i* !  art 0 capable ( atta9+1    
?r\gh ! cont9u$ indu/ry & gr[+          
intellig5ce ( ! manufactur]s1 & !       
natural facilities &  political         
advantages enjoy$ by ,great ,brita92 an 
op9ion :i* has be5  fully borne out by !
 progress :i* has s9ce be5 effect$ 9 ?is
  important bran* ( indu/ry4  ,9 #aheb n

 few] ?an #hd1jjj1jjj pieces  ( pott]y 7
 export$ f ,engl& to o!r c\ntries1      
besides :at  7 made = home use4  ,b x is
 n m]ely ! quantity & value (  ! produce
 t is entitl$ to consid]ation1 b !      
improvem5t ( !  condition ( ! population
 by :om ?is great bran* ( indu/ry is    
conduct$4  ,:5 ,w$gwood began 8 lab\rs1 
! ,/af=d%ire di/rict  0 only 9 a        
half-civiliz$ /ate4  ,! p 7 poor1       
uncultivat$1  & few 9 numb]4  ,:5       
,w$gwood's manufacture 0 firmly         
e/abli%$1  !re 0 f\nd ample employm5t at
 good wages = ?ree times ! numb]  (     
population2 :ile _! moral advancem5t _h 
kept pace ) _!  mat]ial improvem5t4     
,m5 su* z ^! are fairly entitl$ to take 
rank z ! ,indu/rial  ,h]oes ( ! civiliz$
 _w4  ,_! pati5t self-reliance amid/    
trials  & difficulties1 _! c\rage &     
p]sev]ance 9 ! pursuit ( wor?y  objects1
 are n less h]oic ( _! k9d ?an ! brav]y 
& devotion  ( ! soldi] & ! sailor1 ^:   
duty & pride x is h]oically to  def5d   
:at ^! valiant lead]s ( indu/ry h s     

h]oically  a*iev$4          ,,*apt]     
,,iv4  ,,application ,,& ,,p]sev]ance4  
8,ri* are ! dilig5t1 :o c comm&         
,"t1 nature's /ock6 & c\ld 8 h\r-glass  
fall1      ,w\ld1 z = se$ ( />s1 /oop = 
! s&1      ,&1 by incessant lab\r1 ga!r 
all40--,d',av5ant4        8,allez en    
avant1 et la foi v\s                    
vi5dra60--,d',alemb]t4    ,,! greate/   
results 9 life are usually atta9$ by    
simple means1 &  ! ex]cise ( ord9>y     
qualities4  ,! common life ( e day1 )   
its c>es1 necessities1 & duties1 af=ds  
ample opportunity =  acquir+ exp]i5ce ( 
! be/ k9d2 & its mo/ beat5 pa?s provide 
! true work] ) abundant scope = ef=t &  
room =  self-improvem5t4  ,! road (     
human welf>e lies along ! old highway  (
 /eadfa/ well-do+2 & !y :o are ! mo/    
p]si/5t1 & "w  9 ! true/ _s1 w usually  
be ! mo/ successful4    ,=tune has (t5  
be5 blam$ = h] bl9dness2 b =tune is n s 
bl9d z m5 are4  ,^? :o look into        
practical life w f9d t  =tune is usually
 on ! side ( ! indu/ri\s1 z ! w9ds &    

waves  are on ! side ( ! be/ navigators4
  ,9 ! pursuit ( ev5 !  highe/ bran*es (
 human inquiry1 ! common] qualities are 
f\nd !  mo/ useful--su* z common s5se1  
att5tion1 application1 &  p]sev]ance4   
,g5ius may n be necess>y1 ?\gh ev5 g5ius
 ( !  highe/ sort does n disda9 ! use ( 
^! ord9>y qualities4  ,!  v greate/ m5 h
 be5 among ! lea/ believ]s 9 ! p[] (    
g5ius1 & z worldly wise & p]sev]+ z     
successful m5 ( !  common] sort4  ,"s h 
ev5 def9$ g5ius to be only common s5se  
int5sifi$4  ,a di/+ui%$ tea*] & presid5t
 ( a college spoke (  x z ! p[] ( mak+  
ef=ts4  ,john ,fo/] held x to be ! p[]  
( light+ "o's own fire4  ,buffon said ( 
g5ius 8x is pati5ce40    ,newton's 0    
unque/ionably a m9d ( ! v highe/ ord]1 &
 yet1  :5 ask$ by :at means he _h work$ 
out 8 extraord9>y discov]ies1  he       
mode/ly answ]$1 8,by always ?9k+ unto   
!m40  ,at ano!r "t he  ?us express$ 8   
me?od ( /udy3 8,i keep ! subject        
cont9ually  be=e me1 & wait till ! fir/ 
dawn+s op5 sl[ly by little &  little    

into a full & cle> light40  ,x 0 9      
,newton's case1 z 9  e o!r1 only by     
dilig5t application & p]sev]ance t 8    
great  reputation 0 a*iev$4  ,ev5 8     
recreation consi/$ 9 *ange (  /udy1 lay+
 d[n "o subject to take up ano!r4  ,to  
,dr4 ,b5tley he  said3 8,if ,i h done ! 
public any s]vice1 x is due to no?+ b   
indu/ry & pati5t ?\ght40  ,s ,kepl]1    
ano!r great philosoph]1  speak+ ( 8     
/udies & 8 progress1 said3 8,z 9        
,virgil1 #8,fama  mobilitate viget1     
vires acquirit eundo1' s x 0 ) me1 t !  
dilig5t ?\ght on ^! ?+s 0 ! occasion (  
/ill fur!r  ?9k+2 until at la/ ,i brood$
 ) ! :ole en]gy ( my m9d ^u  ! subject40
    ,! extraord9>y results effect$ by   
d9t ( %e] indu/ry &  p]sev]ance1 h l$ _m
 di/+ui%$ m5 to d\bt :e!r ! gift  (     
g5ius be s exceptional an end[m5t z x is
 usually suppos$ to be4  ,?us ,voltaire 
held t x is only a v slight l9e (       
sep>ation t  divides ! man ( g5ius f !  
man ( ord9>y m\ld4  ,becc>ia 0  ev5 (   
op9ion t all m5 might be poets &        

orators1 & ,reynolds  t !y might be     
pa9t]s & sculptors4  ,if ?is 7 really s1
 t  /olid ,engli%man might n h be5 s v  
f> wrong aft] all1 :o1  on ,canova's    
dea?1 inquir$ ( 8 bro!r :e!r x 0 88     
int5tion  to c>ry on ! bus9ess60        
,locke1 ,helvetius1 & ,did]ot believ$ t 
all m5 h an equal aptitude = g5ius1 & t 
:at "s are able to  effect1 "u ! laws   
:i* regulate ! op]ations ( ! intellect1 
mu/ also be )9 ! rea* ( o!rs :o1 "u l   
circum/ances1  apply !mselves to l      
pursuits4  ,b :ile admitt+ to ! fulle/  
ext5t ! wond]ful a*ievem5ts ( lab\r1 &  
recognis+ ! fact  t m5 ( ! mo/ di/+ui%$ 
g5ius h inv>iably be5 f\nd !  mo/       
indefatigable work]s1 x mu/ nev]!less be
 suffici5tly obvi\s  t1 )\t ! orig9al   
end[m5t ( he>t & bra91 no am\nt (       
lab\r1 h[ev] well appli$1 c\ld h produc$
 a ,%akespe>e1 a  ,newton1 a ,bee?ov51  
or a ,mi*ael ,angelo4    ,dalton1 !     
*emi/1 repudiat$ ! notion ( 8 be+ 8a    
g5ius10  attribut+ ev]y?+ :i* he _h     
accompli%$ to simple indu/ry &          

accumulation4  ,john ,hunt] said (      
himself1 8,my m9d is l a beehive2  b    
full z x is ( buzz & app>5t confusion1 x
 is yet full ( ord]  & regul>ity1 & food
 collect$ ) incessant indu/ry f !       
*oice/ /ores ( nature40  ,we h1 inde$1 b
 to glance at !  biographies ( great m5 
to f9d t ! mo/ di/+ui%$ inv5tors1       
arti/s1 ?9k]s1 & work]s ( all k9ds1 owe 
_! success1 9 a  great measure1 to _!   
indefatigable indu/ry & application4    
,!y  7 m5 :o turn$ all ?+s to gold--ev5 
"t itself4  ,disraeli !  eld] held t !  
secret ( success consi/$ 9 be+ ma/] (   
y\r  subject1 su* ma/]y be+ atta9able   
only ?r\gh cont9u\s  application & /udy4
  ,h5ce x happ5s t ! m5 :o h mo/ mov$  !
 _w1 h n be5 s mu* m5 ( g5ius1 /rictly s
 call$1 z  m5 ( int5se m$iocre          
abilities1 & untir+ p]sev]ance2 n s  (t5
 ! gift$1 ( naturally bright & %9+      
qualities1 z ^? :o  h appli$ !mselves   
dilig5tly to _! "w1 9 :atsoev] l9e t    
might lie4  8,alas60 said a wid[1 speak+
 ( h] brilliant b c>eless  son1 8he has 

n ! gift ( cont9uance40  ,want+ 9       
p]sev]ance1 su*  volatile natures are   
out/ripp$ 9 ! race ( life by ! dilig5t &
  ev5 ! dull4  8,*e va piano1 va        
longano1 e va lontano10 says !  ,italian
 prov]b3 ,:o goes sl[ly1 goes long1 &   
goes f>4    ,h5ce1 a great po9t to be   
aim$ at is to get ! work+ quality well  
tra9$4  ,:5 t is done1 ! race w be f\nd 
comp>atively easy4  ,we mu/ repeat &    
aga9 repeat2 facility w come ) lab\r4   
,n  ev5 ! simple/ art c be accompli%$   
)\t x2 & :at  difficulties x is f\nd    
capable ( a*iev+6  ,x 0 by e>ly         
discipl9e & repetition t ! late ,sir    
,rob]t ,peel cultivat$ ^?  rem>kable1   
?\gh /ill m$iocre p[]s1 :i* r5d]$ him s 
illu/ri\s an ornam5t ( ! ,briti% ,s5ate4
  ,:5 a boy at ,drayton  ,manor1 8 fa!r 
0 accu/om$ to set him up at table to    
practise  speak+ extempore2 & he e>ly   
accu/om$ him to repeat z mu* ( !        
,sunday's s]mon z he c\ld rememb]4      
,little progress 0 made at fir/1  b by  
/eady p]sev]ance ! habit ( att5tion     

became p[]ful1 &  ! s]mon 0 at l5g?     
repeat$ almo/ v]batim4  ,:5 aft]w>ds    
reply+ 9 succession to ! argum5ts ( 8   
p>liam5t>y oppon5ts--an  art 9 :i* he 0 
p]haps unrivall$--x 0 little surmis$ t !
  extraord9>y p[] ( accurate remembrance
 :i* he display$ on su*  occasions _h   
be5 orig9ally tra9$ "u ! discipl9e ( 8  
fa!r  9 ! p>i% *ur* ( ,drayton4    ,x is
 inde$ m>vell\s :at cont9u\s application
 w effect 9 !  commone/ ( ?+s4  ,x may  
seem a simple affair to play ^u a viol92
  yet :at a long & labori\s practice x  
requires6  ,gi>d9i said to a  y\? :o    
ask$ him h[ long x w\ld take to le>n x1 
8,twelve h\rs a  day = tw5ty ye>s       
toge!r40  ,indu/ry1 x is said1 fait     
l'ours  dans]4  ,! poor figurante mu/   
devote ye>s ( incessant toil to h]      
pr(itless task be=e %e c %9e 9 x4  ,:5  
,taglioni 0 prep>+  h]self = h] ev5+    
exhibition1 %e w\ld1 aft] a sev]e two   
h\rs'  lesson f h] fa!r1 fall d[n       
exhau/$1 & _h to be undress$1  spong$1 &
 resuscitat$ totally unconsci\s4  ,!    

agility & b\nds (  ! ev5+ 7 insur$ only 
at a price l ?is4    ,progress1 h[ev]1 (
 ! be/ k9d1 is comp>atively sl[4  ,great
  results _c be a*iev$ at once2 & we mu/
 be satisfi$ to advance  9 life z we    
walk1 /ep by /ep4  ,de ,mai/re says t   
8to "k h[ to  wait is ! great secret (  
success40  ,we mu/ s[ be=e we c reap1  &
 (t5 h to wait long1 cont5t mean:ile to 
look pati5tly =w>d  9 hope2 ! fruit be/ 
wor? wait+ = (t5 rip5+ ! sl[e/4  ,b 8"t 
& pati5ce10 says ! ,ea/]n prov]b1 8*ange
 ! mulb]ry  leaf to sat940    ,to wait  
pati5tly1 h[ev]1 m5 mu/ "w *e]fully4    
,*e]fulness is an  excell5t work+       
quality1 imp>t+ great ela/icity to ! "*4
  ,z a bi%op has said1 8,temp] is       
n9e-t5?s ( ,*ri/ianity20 s are          
*e]fulness & dilig5ce n9e-t5?s (        
practical wisdom4  ,!y are !  life & s\l
 ( success1 z well z ( happ9ess2 p]haps 
! v  highe/ pleasure 9 life consi/+ 9   
cle>1 brisk1 consci\s work+2  en]gy1    
confid5ce1 & e o!r good quality ma9ly   
dep5d+ ^u  x4  ,sydney ,smi?1 :5 lab\r+ 

z a p>i% prie/ at ,fo/on-le-,clay1  9   
,york%ire1--?\gh he did n feel himself  
to be 9 8 prop]  elem5t1--w5t *e]fully  
to "w 9 ! firm det]m9ation to d 8  be/4 
8,i am resolv$10 he said1 8to l x1 &    
reconcile myself to x1  :i* is m manly  
?an to feign myself above x1 & to s5d up
  compla9ts by ! po/ ( be+ ?r[n away1 & 
be+ desolate1 & su*  l tra%40  ,s ,dr4  
,hook1 :5 leav+ ,le$s = a new sph]e (   
lab\r  said1 8,:]ev] ,i may be1 ,i %all1
 by ,god's bless+1 d ) my might  :at my 
h& f9de? to d2 & if ,i d n f9d "w1 ,i   
%all make x40    ,lab\r]s = ! public    
good especially1 h to "w long &         
pati5tly1 (t5 un*e]$ by ! prospect (    
imm$iate recomp5se or  result4  ,! se$s 
!y s[ sometimes lie hidd5 "u ! w9t]'s   
sn[1  & be=e ! spr+ comes ! husb&man may
 h gone to 8 re/4  ,x  is n e public    
work] :o1 l ,r[l& ,hill1 sees 8 great   
idea  br+ =? fruit 9 8 life-"t4  ,adam  
,smi? s[$ ! se$s ( a  great social      
amelioration 9 t d+y old ,univ]sity (   
,glasg[ :]e  he s long lab\r$1 & laid ! 

f\ndations ( 8 #8,weal? ( ,nations2'  b 
sev5ty ye>s pass$ be=e 8 "w bore        
sub/antial fruits1 nor  inde$ are !y all
 ga!r$ 9 yet4    ,no?+ c comp5sate = !  
loss ( hope 9 a man3 x entirely *anges  
! "*4  8,h[ c ,i "w--h[ c ,i be happy10 
said a great b  mis]able ?9k]1 8:5 ,i h 
lo/ all hope80  ,"o ( ! mo/ *e]ful  &   
c\rage\s1 because "o ( ! mo/ hopeful (  
work]s1 0 ,c>ey1  ! mission>y4  ,:5 9   
,india1 x 0 no uncommon ?+ = him to we>y
  out ?ree pundits1 :o (ficiat$ z 8     
cl]ks1 9 "o day1 he himself  tak+ re/   
only 9 *ange ( employm5t4  ,c>ey1 ! son 
( a  %oe-mak]1 0 support$ 9 8 lab\rs by 
,w>d1 ! son ( a c>p5t]1  & ,m>%am1 ! son
 ( a weav]4  ,by _! lab\rs1 a magnific5t
  college 0 erect$ at ,s]ampore2 sixte5 
fl\ri%+ /ations 7  e/abli%$2 ! ,bible 0 
translat$ into sixte5 languages1 & !    
se$s 7 s[n ( a b5efic5t moral revolution
 9 ,briti% ,india4  ,c>ey  0 nev] a%am$ 
( ! humbl5ess ( 8 orig94  ,on "o        
occasion1 :5  at ! ,gov]nor-,g5]al's    
table he ov]-he>d an (fic] opposite him 

ask+ ano!r1 l\d en\gh to be he>d1 :e!r  
,c>ey _h n once be5  a %oemak]3 8,no1   
sir10 exclaim$ ,c>ey imm$iately2 8only a
 cobbl]40  ,an em95tly *>act]i/ic       
anecdote has be5 told ( 8 p]sev]ance z  
a boy4  ,:5 climb+ a tree "o day1 8 foot
 slipp$1 & he fell to  ! gr\nd1 break+ 8
 leg by ! fall4  ,he 0 conf9$ to 8 b$ = 
weeks1 b :5 he recov]$ & 0 able to walk 
)\t support1 !  v fir/ ?+ he did 0 to g 
& climb t tree4  ,c>ey _h ne$ (  ?is    
sort ( dauntless c\rage = ! great       
mission>y "w ( 8 life1  & nobly &       
resolutely he did x4    ,x 0 a maxim (  
,dr4 ,"y1 ! philosoph]1 t 8,any man c d 
:at  any o!r man has done20 & x is      
unque/ionable t he himself nev]  recoil$
 f any trials to :i* he det]m9$ to      
subject himself4  ,x  is relat$ ( him1 t
 ! fir/ "t he m\nt$ a horse1 he 0 9     
company ) ! gr&son ( ,mr4 ,b>clay (     
,ury1 ! well-kn[n  sportsman2 :5 !      
horseman :o prec$$ !m leapt a high f5ce4
  ,"y  wi%$ to imitate him1 b fell (f 8 
horse 9 ! attempt4  ,)\t  say+ a ^w1 he 

rem\nt$1 made a second ef=t1 & 0 aga9   
unsuccessful1 b ?is "t he 0 n ?r[n fur!r
 ?an on to !  horse's neck1 to :i* he   
clung4  ,at ! ?ird trial1 he succe$$1 & 
cle>$ ! f5ce4    ,! /ory ( ,tim\r !     
,t>t> le>n+ a lesson ( p]sev]ance "u    
adv]sity f ! spid] is well kn[n4  ,n    
less int]e/+ is !  anecdote ( ,audubon1 
! ,am]ican orni?ologi/1 z relat$ by     
himself3  8,an accid5t10 he says1 8:i*  
happ5$ to two hundr$ ( my orig9al       
draw+s1 ne>ly put a /op to my rese>*es 9
 orni?ology4  ,i %all  relate x1 m]ely  
to %[ h[ f> en?usiasm--= by no o!r "n c 
,i  call my p]sev]ance--may enable !    
pres]v] ( nature to surm\nt !  mo/      
di%e>t5+ difficulties4  ,i left !       
village ( ,h5d]son1 9  ,k5tucky1 situat$
 on ! banks ( ! ,ohio1 :]e ,i resid$ =  
sev]al  ye>s1 to proce$ to ,philadelphia
 on bus9ess4  ,i look$ to my draw+s     
be=e my dep>ture1 plac$ !m c>efully 9 a 
wood5 box1 & gave !m  9 *>ge ( a        
relative1 ) injunctions to see t no     
injury %\ld  happ5 to !m4  ,my abs5ce 0 

( sev]al mon?s2 & :5 ,i return$1  aft]  
hav+ enjoy$ ! pleasures ( home = a few  
days1 ,i inquir$  aft] my box1 & :at ,i 
0 pleas$ to call my treasure4  ,! box 0 
produc$ & op5$2 b read]1 feel = me--a   
pair ( ,norway rats _h  tak5 possession 
( ! :ole1 & re>$ a "y family among !    
gnaw$  bits ( pap]1 :i*1 b a mon?       
previ\s1 repres5t$ ne>ly a ?\s&         
inhabitants ( air6  ,! burn+ beat :i*   
in/antly ru%$ ?r\gh my  bra9 0 too great
 to be endur$ )\t affect+ my :ole n]v\s 
sy/em4  ,i slept = sev]al nights1 & !   
days pass$ l days (  oblivion--until !  
animal p[]s be+ recall$ into action     
?r\gh !  /r5g? ( my con/itution1 ,i took
 up my gun1 my notebook1 & my  p5cils1 &
 w5t =? to ! woods z gaily z if no?+ _h 
happ5$4  ,i felt pleas$ t ,i might n[   
make bett] draw+s ?an be=e2 &1  ere a   
p]iod n exce$+ ?ree ye>s _h elaps$1 my  
portfolio 0  aga9 fill$40    ,!         
accid5tal de/ruction ( ,sir ,isaac      
,newton's pap]s1 by 8 little  dog       
#8,diamond' upsett+ a light$ tap] ^u 8  

desk1 by :i* !  elaborate calculations (
 _m ye>s 7 9 a mom5t de/roy$1 is a      
well-kn[n anecdote1 & ne$ n be repeat$3 
x is said t ! loss  caus$ ! philosoph]  
su* pr(\nd grief t x s]i\sly injur$ 8   
heal?1 & impair$ 8 und]/&+4  ,an accid5t
 ( a some:at  simil> k9d happ5$ to !    
,,ms4 ( ,mr4 ,c>lyle's fir/ volume ( 8  
#8,fr5* ,revolution4'  ,he _h l5t !     
,,ms4 to a lit]>y neighb\r to  p]use4   
,by "s mis*ance1 x _h be5 left ly+ on ! 
p>l\r floor1  & become =gott54  ,weeks  
ran on1 & ! hi/orian s5t = 8 "w1  !     
pr9t]s be+ l\d = 8copy40  ,inquiries 7  
made1 & x 0  f\nd t ! maid-(-all-"w1    
f9d+ :at %e conceiv$ to be a  bundle (  
wa/e pap] on ! floor1 _h us$ x to light 
! kit*5 &  p>l\r fires )6  ,su* 0 !     
answ] return$ to ,mr4 ,c>lyle2 & 8      
feel+s may be imag9$4  ,!re 01 h[ev]1 no
 help = him b to set  resolutely to "w  
to re-write ! book2 & he turn$ to & did 
x4  ,he  _h no draft1 & 0 compell$ to   
rake up f 8 memory facts1 ideas1  &     
expressions1 :i* _h be5 long s9ce       

dismiss$4  ,! composition (  ! book 9 ! 
fir/ in/ance _h be5 a "w ( pleasure2 !  
re-writ+ ( x a second "t 0 "o ( pa9 &   
angui% almo/ beyond  belief4  ,t he     
p]sev]$ & f9i%$ ! volume "u su*         
circum/ances1 af=ds an in/ance (        
det]m9ation ( purpose :i* has  seldom   
be5 surpass$4    ,! lives ( em95t       
inv5tors are em95tly illu/rative ( !    
same  quality ( p]sev]ance4  ,george    
,/eph5son1 :5 address+ "y m51  0        
accu/om$ to sum up 8 be/ advice to !m1 9
 ! words1 8,d z ,i  h done--p]sev]e40   
,he _h work$ at ! improvem5t ( 8        
locomotive  = "s fifte5 ye>s be=e a*iev+
 8 decisive victory at ,ra9hill2  &     
,watt 0 engag$ = "s ?irty ye>s ^u !     
cond5s+-eng9e  be=e he br\ght x to      
p]fection4  ,b !re are equally /rik+    
illu/rations ( p]sev]ance to be f\nd 9 e
 o!r bran* (  sci5ce1 art1 & indu/ry4   
,p]haps "o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ is t         
connect$ ) ! dis5tombm5t ( ! ,n9eveh    
m>bles1 & !  discov]y ( ! long-lo/      
cunei=m or arr[-head$ "* 9 :i*  !       

inscriptions on !m are writt5--a k9d (  
writ+ :i* _h be5  lo/ to ! _w s9ce !    
p]iod ( ! ,mac$onian conque/ ( ,p]sia4  
,an intellig5t cadet ( ! ,ea/ ,india    
,company1 /ation$ at ,k]man%ah1  9      
,p]sia1 _h obs]v$ ! curi\s cunei=m      
inscriptions on ! old  monum5ts 9 !     
neighb\rhood--s old t all hi/orical     
traces ( !m  _h be5 lo/1--& among/ !    
inscriptions :i* he copi$ 0 t on  !     
celebrat$ rock ( ,behi/un--a p]p5dicul> 
rock ris+ abruptly "s  #agjj feet f !   
pla91 ! l[] "p be>+ inscriptions = !    
space ( ab\t #cjj feet 9 ?ree           
languages--,p]sian1 ,scy?ian1 &         
,assyrian4  ,comp>ison ( ! kn[n ) !     
unkn[n1 ( ! language  :i* surviv$ ) !   
language t _h be5 lo/1 enabl$ ?is cadet 
to acquire "s k ( ! cunei=m "*1 & ev5 to
 =m an  alphabet4  ,mr4 7aft]w>ds ,sir  
,h5ry7 ,rawl9son s5t 8 trac+s home  =   
exam9ation4  ,no pr(essors 9 colleges z 
yet knew any?+ ( !  cunei=m "*2 b !re 0 
a ci-devant cl]k ( ! ,ea/ ,india        
,h\se--a mode/ unkn[n man ( ! "n (      

,norris--:o _h made ?is  little-und]/ood
 subject 8 /udy1 to :om ! trac+s 7      
submitt$2  & s accurate 0 8 k1 t1 ?\gh  
he _h nev] se5 !  ,behi/un rock1 he     
pron\nc$ t ! cadet _h n copi$ ! puzzl+  
inscription ) prop] exactness4          
,rawl9son1 :o 0 /ill 9 !  neighb\rhood (
 ! rock1 comp>$ 8 copy ) ! orig9al1 &   
f\nd  t ,norris 0 "r2 & by fur!r        
comp>ison & c>eful /udy !  k ( ! cunei=m
 writ+ 0 ?us greatly advanc$4    ,b to  
make ! le>n+ ( ^! two self-taught m5 (  
avail1 a ?ird  lab\r] 0 necess>y 9 ord] 
to supply !m ) mat]ial = !  ex]cise ( _!
 skill4  ,su* a lab\r] pres5t$ himself 9
 ! p]son  ( ,au/5 ,lay>d1 orig9ally an  
articl$ cl]k 9 ! (fice ( a ,london      
solicitor4  ,"o w\ld sc>cely h expect$  
to f9d 9 ^! ?ree m51  a cadet1 an       
,india-,h\se cl]k1 & a lawy]'s cl]k1 !  
discov]]s ( a  =gott5 language1 & ( !   
buri$ hi/ory ( ,babylon2 yet x 0 s4     
,lay>d 0 a y\? ( only tw5ty-two1        
travell+ 9 ! ,ea/1 :5 he  0 possess$ ) a
 desire to p5etrate ! regions beyond !  

,euphrates4  ,accompani$ by a s+le      
companion1 tru/+ to 8 arms =            
protection1 &1 :at 0 bett]1 to 8        
*e]fulness1 polit5ess1 &  *ivalr\s be>+1
 he pass$ safely amid/ tribes at deadly 
w> )  ea* o!r2 &1 aft] ! lapse ( _m     
ye>s1 ) comp>atively  sl5d] means at 8  
comm&1 b aid$ by application &          
p]sev]ance1  resolute w & purpose1 &    
almo/ sublime pati5ce1--borne up        
?r\gh\t by 8 passionate en?usiasm =     
discov]y & rese>*1--he  succe$$ 9 lay+  
b>e & digg+ up an am\nt ( hi/orical     
treasures1 ! l ( :i* has probably nev]  
be=e be5 collect$ by  ! indu/ry ( any "o
 man4  ,n less ?an two miles (          
bas-reliefs 7  ?us br\ght to light by   
,mr4 ,lay>d4  ,! selection ( ^! valuable
  antiquities1 n[ plac$ 9 ! ,briti%     
,museum1 0 f\nd s curi\sly              
corroborative ( ! scriptural records (  
ev5ts :i* occurr$ "s  ?ree ?\s& ye>s    
ago1 t !y bur/ ^u ! _w almo/ l a  new   
revelation4  ,& ! /ory ( ! dis5tombm5t (
 ^! rem>kable  works1 z told by ,mr4    

,lay>d himself 9 8 #8,monum5ts (        
,n9eveh1' w  always be reg>d$ z "o ( !  
mo/ *>m+ & unaffect$ records  :i* we    
possess ( individual ent]prise1 indu/ry1
 & en]gy4    ,! c>e] ( ! ,comte de      
,buffon pres5ts ano!r rem>kable         
illu/ration ( ! p[] ( pati5t indu/ry z  
well z ( 8 own  say+1 t 8,g5ius is      
pati5ce40  ,not)/&+ ! great results     
a*iev$ by him 9 natural hi/ory1 ,buffon1
 :5 a y\?1 0 reg>d$ z  ( m$iocre tal5ts4
  ,8 m9d 0 sl[ 9 =m+ itself1 & sl[ 9    
reproduc+ :at x _h acquir$4  ,he 0 also 
con/itutionally indol5t2  & be+ born to 
good e/ate1 x might be suppos$ t he w\ld
 indulge  8 lik+ = ease & luxury4       
,in/ead ( :i*1 he e>ly =m$ !  resolution
 ( d5y+ himself pleasure1 & devot+      
himself to /udy &  self-culture4        
,reg>d+ "t z a treasure t 0 limit$1 &   
f9d+  t he 0 los+ _m h\rs by ly+ a-b$ 9 
! morn+s1 he  det]m9$ to break himself (
 ! habit4  ,he /ruggl$ h>d aga9/ x  = "s
 "t1 b fail$ 9 be+ able to rise at ! h\r
 he _h fix$4  ,he !n call$ 8 s]vant1    

,joseph1 to 8 help1 & promis$ him !     
rew>d ( a cr[n e "t t he succe$$ 9 gett+
 him up be=e  six4  ,at fir/1 :5 call$1 
,buffon decl9$ to rise--plead$ t he 0   
ill1 or pret5d$ ang] at be+ di/urb$2 &  
on ! ,c\nt at l5g?  gett+ up1 ,joseph   
f\nd t he _h e>n$ no?+ b reproa*es =    
hav+ p]mitt$ 8 ma/] to lie a-b$ contr>y 
to 8 express ord]s4  ,at l5g? ! valet   
det]m9$ to e>n 8 cr[n2 & aga9 & aga9 he 
=c$ ,buffon to rise1 not)/&+ 8          
entreaties1 expo/ulations1  & ?reats (  
imm$iate dis*>ge f 8 s]vice4  ,"o morn+ 
,buffon  0 unusually ob/9ate1 & ,joseph 
f\nd x necess>y to resort to !  extreme 
measure ( da%+ a bas9 ( ice-cold wat] "u
 !  b$-clo!s1 ! effect ( :i* 0          
in/antane\s4  ,by ! p]si/5t  use ( su*  
means1 ,buffon at l5g? conqu]$ 8 habit2 
& he 0  accu/om$ to say t he ow$ to     
,joseph ?ree or f\r volumes ( 8         
,natural ,hi/ory4    ,= =ty ye>s ( 8    
life1 ,buffon work$ e morn+ at 8 desk f 
n9e till two1 & aga9 9 ! ev5+ f five    
till n9e4  ,8  dilig5ce 0 s cont9u\s & s

 regul> t x became habitual4  ,8        
biograph] has said ( him1 8,"w 0 8      
necessity2 8 /udies 7 !  *>m ( 8 life2 &
 t[>ds ! la/ t]m ( 8 glori\s c>e] he    
frequ5tly said t he /ill hop$ to be able
 to consecrate to !m a  few m ye>s40    
,he 0 a mo/ consci5ti\s work]1 always   
/udy+ to  give ! read] 8 be/ ?\ghts1    
express$ 9 ! v be/ mann]4  ,he  0 nev]  
we>i$ ) t\*+ & ret\*+ 8 compositions1 s 
t  8 /yle may be pron\nc$ almo/ p]fect4 
,he wrote ! #8,epoques de la  ,nature' n
 few] ?an elev5 times be=e he 0 satisfi$
 ) x2  al?\gh he _h ?\ght ov] ! "w ab\t 
fifty ye>s4  ,he 0 a  ?or\gh man (      
bus9ess1 mo/ ord]ly 9 ev]y?+2 & he 0    
accu/om$ to say t g5ius )\t ord] lo/    
?ree-f\r?s ( its  p[]4  ,8 great success
 z a writ] 0 ! result ma9ly ( 8  pa9/ak+
 lab\r & dilig5t application4           
8,buffon10 obs]v$ ,madame  ,neck]1      
8/rongly p]suad$ t g5ius is ! result ( a
 pr(\nd  att5tion direct$ to a p>ticul> 
subject1 said t he 0 ?or\ghly  we>i$ out
 :5 compos+ 8 fir/ writ+s1 b compell$   

himself to  return to !m & g ov] !m     
c>efully aga91 ev5 :5 he ?\ght he  _h   
already br\ght !m to a c]ta9 degree (   
p]fection2 & t at  l5g? he f\nd pleasure
 in/ead ( we>9ess 9 ?is long & elaborate
  correction40  ,x ought also to be add$
 t ,buffon wrote & publi%$  all 8 great 
works :ile afflict$ by "o ( ! mo/ pa9ful
 diseases  to :i* ! human frame is      
subject4    ,lit]>y life af=ds abundant 
illu/rations ( ! same p[] (  p]sev]ance2
 & p]haps no c>e] is m in/ructive1 view$
 9 ?is  light1 ?an t ( ,sir ,walt]      
,scott4  ,8 admirable work+ qualities  7
 tra9$ 9 a lawy]'s (fice1 :]e he pursu$ 
= _m ye>s a sort  ( drudg]y sc>cely     
above t ( a copy+ cl]k4  ,8 daily dull  
r\t9e made 8 ev5+s1 :i* 7 8 own1 all ! m
 sweet2 & he  g5]ally devot$ !m to read+
 & /udy4  ,he himself attribut$ to  8   
prosaic (fice discipl9e t habit ( /eady1
 sob] dilig5ce1 9  :i* m]e lit]>y m5 are
 s (t5 f\nd want+4  ,z a copy+ cl]k  he 
0 all[$ #c;d4 = e page conta9+ a c]ta9  
numb] ( words2  & he sometimes1 by extra

 "w1 0 able to copy z _m z #abj pages 9 
tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 ?us e>n+ "s #cjs42 out (
 :i* he w\ld  occasionally pur*ase an   
odd volume1 o!rwise beyond 8 means4     
,dur+ 8 aft]-life ,scott 0 wont to pride
 himself ^u be+ a man (  bus9ess1 & he  
av]r$1 9 contradiction to :at he call$ !
 cant (  sonnete]s1 t !re 0 no necess>y 
connection betwe5 g5ius & an  av]sion or
 contempt = ! common duties ( life4  ,on
 ! contr>y1 he  0 ( op9ion t to sp5d "s 
fair portion ( e day 9 any  matt]-(-fact
 occupation 0 good = ! high] faculties  
!mselves 9  ! up%ot4  ,:ile aft]w>ds    
act+ z cl]k to ! ,c\rt ( ,session 9     
,ed9burgh1 he p]=m$ 8 lit]>y "w *iefly  
be=e breakfa/1  att5d+ ! c\rt dur+ !    
day1 :]e he au!nticat$ regi/]$  de$s &  
writ+s ( v>i\s k9ds4  ,on ! :ole1 says  
,lockh>t1 8x  =ms "o ( ! mo/ rem>kable  
features 9 8 hi/ory1 t ?r\gh\t  ! mo/   
active p]iod ( 8 lit]>y c>e]1 he mu/ h  
devot$ a  l>ge proportion ( 8 h\rs1 dur+
 half at lea/ ( e ye>1 to !  consci5ti\s
 dis*>ge ( pr(essional duties40  ,x 0 a 

pr9ciple (  action :i* he laid d[n =    
himself1 t he mu/ e>n 8 liv+ by         
bus9ess1 & n by lit]ature4  ,on "o      
occasion he said1 8,i det]m9$  t        
lit]ature %\ld be my /aff1 n my crut*1 &
 t ! pr(its  ( my lit]>y lab\r1 h[ev]   
conv5i5t o!rwise1 %\ld n1 if ,i  c\ld   
help x1 become necess>y to my ord9>y    
exp5ses40    ,8 punctuality 0 "o ( ! mo/
 c>efully cultivat$ ( 8 habits1  o!rwise
 x _h n be5 possible = him to get ?r\gh 
s enorm\s an  am\nt ( lit]>y lab\r4  ,he
 made x a rule to answ] e lett]  receiv$
 by him on ! same day1 except :]e       
inquiry & delib]ation  7 requisite4     
,no?+ else c\ld h enabl$ him to keep    
abrea/ )  ! flood ( communications t    
p\r$ 9 ^u him & sometimes put 8  good   
nature to ! sev]e/ te/4  ,x 0 8 practice
 to rise by five  o'clock1 & light 8 own
 fire4  ,he %av$ & dress$ )             
delib]ation1 & 0 seat$ at 8 desk by six 
o'clock1 ) 8 pap]s  arrang$ be=e him 9 !
 mo/ accurate ord]1 8 works ( ref]5ce   
m>%all$ r\nd him on ! floor1 :ile at    

lea/ "o fav\rite dog lay  wat*+ 8 eye1  
outside ! l9e ( books4  ,?us by ! "t !  
family  assembl$ = breakfa/1 betwe5 n9e 
& t51 he _h done en\gh--to use  8 own   
words--to break ! neck ( ! day's "w4  ,b
 ) all 8  dilig5t & indefatigable       
indu/ry1 & 8 imm5se k1 !  result ( _m   
ye>s' pati5t lab\r1 ,scott always spoke 
) !  greate/ diffid5ce ( 8 own p[]s4    
,on "o occasion he said1  8,?r\gh\t e "p
 ( my c>e] ,i h felt p9*$ & hamp]$ by   
my own ignorance40    ,su* is true      
wisdom & humility2 = ! m a man really   
kn[s1 !  less conceit$ he w be4  ,!     
/ud5t at ,tr9ity ,college :o w5t up to  
8 pr(essor to take leave ( him because  
he _h 8f9i%$ 8  education10 0 wisely    
rebuk$ by ! pr(essor's reply1 8,inde$6  
,i am  only beg9n+ m9e40  ,! sup]ficial 
p]son :o has obta9$ a  smatt]+ ( _m ?+s1
 b kn[s no?+ well1 may pride himself ^u 
8 gifts2 b ! sage humbly confesses t    
8all he kn[s is1 t he  kn[s no?+10 or l 
,newton1 t he has be5 only engag$ 9     
pick+  %ells by ! sea %ore1 :ile ! great

 ocean ( tru? lies all  unexplor$ be=e  
him4    ,! lives ( second-rate lit]>y m5
 furni% equally rem>kable  illu/rations 
( ! p[] ( p]sev]ance4  ,! late ,john    
,britton1  au?or ( #8,! ,beauties (     
,engl& & ,wales1' & ( _m valuable       
ar*itectural works1 0 born 9 a mis]able 
cot 9 ,k+/on1 ,wilt%ire4  ,8 fa!r _h be5
 a bak] & malt/]1 b 0 ru9$ 9 trade &    
became insane :ile ,britton 0 yet a     
*ild4  ,! boy receiv$ v  little s*ool+1 
b a great deal ( bad example1 :i*       
happily did n  corrupt him4  ,he 0 e>ly 
9 life set to lab\r ) an uncle1 a       
tav]n-keep] 9 ,cl]k5well1 "u :om he     
bottl$1 cork$1 & b9n$  w9e = m ?an five 
ye>s4  ,8 heal? fail+ him1 8 uncle turn$
  him adrift 9 ! _w1 ) only two gu9eas1 
! fruits ( 8 five  ye>s' s]vice1 9 8    
pocket4  ,dur+ ! next sev5 ye>s ( 8 life
  he endur$ _m vicissitudes & h>d%ips4  
,yet he says1 9 8  autobiography1 89 my 
poor & obscure lodg+s1 at eighte5p5ce a 
week1  ,i indulg$ 9 /udy1 & (t5 read 9  
b$ dur+ ! w9t] ev5+s1  because ,i c\ld n

 af=d a fire40  ,travell+ on foot to    
,ba?1 he !re  obta9$ an engagem5t z a   
cell>man1 b %ortly aft] we f9d him back 
9 ! metropolis aga9 almo/ p5niless1     
%oeless1 & %irtless4  ,he  succe$$1     
h[ev]1 9 obta9+ employm5t z a cell>man  
at ! ,london  ,tav]n1 :]e x 0 8 duty to 
be 9 ! cell> f sev5 9 !  morn+ until    
elev5 at night4  ,8 heal? broke d[n "u  
?is  conf9em5t 9 ! d>k1 add$ to ! heavy 
"w2 & he !n engag$  himself1 at fifte5  
%ill+s a week1 to an attorney1--= he _h 
be5  dilig5tly cultivat+ ! art ( writ+  
dur+ ! few sp>e m9utes  t he c\ld call 8
 own4  ,:ile 9 ?is employm5t1 he devot$ 
8  leisure pr9cipally to p]ambulat+ !   
book/alls1 :]e he read books  by snat*es
 :i* he c\ld n buy1 & ?us pick$ up a    
good deal ( odd  k4  ,!n he %ift$ to    
ano!r (fice1 at ! advanc$ wages (  tw5ty
 %ill+s a week1 /ill read+ & /udy+4  ,at
 tw5ty-eight he  0 able to write a book1
 :i* he publi%$ "u ! title ( #8,!       
,ent]pris+ ,adv5tures ( ,piz>ro2' & f t 
"t until 8 dea?1  dur+ a p]iod ( ab\t   

fifty-five ye>s1 ,britton 0 occupi$ 9   
labori\s lit]>y occupation4  ,! numb] ( 
8 publi%$ works is n  few] ?an          
eighty-sev52 ! mo/ important be+ #8,!   
,ca!dral  ,antiquities ( ,engl&1' 9     
f\rte5 volumes1 a truly magnific5t "w2  
itself ! be/ monum5t ( ,john ,britton's 
indefatigable indu/ry4    ,london1 !    
l&scape g>d5]1 0 a man ( some:at simil> 
"*1  possess$ ( an extraord9>y work+    
p[]4  ,! son ( a f>m] ne>  ,ed9burgh1 he
 0 e>ly inur$ to "w4  ,8 skill 9 draw+  
plans &  mak+ sket*es ( sc5]y induc$ 8  
fa!r to tra9 him = a  l&scape g>d5]4    
,dur+ 8 appr5tice%ip he sat up two :ole 
nights  e week to /udy2 yet he work$    
h>d] dur+ ! day ?an any  lab\r]4  ,9 !  
c\rse ( 8 night /udies he le>nt ,fr5*1 &
  be=e he 0 eighte5 he translat$ a life 
( ,abel>d = an  ,encyclopdia4  ,he 0 s  
eag] to make progress 9 life1 t :5 only 
tw5ty1 :ile work+ z a g>d5] 9 ,engl&1 he
 wrote d[n 9 8  note-book1 8,i am n[    
tw5ty ye>s ( age1 & p]haps a ?ird "p (  
my  life has pass$ away1 & yet :at h ,i 

done to b5efit my fell[ m580  an unusual
 reflection = a y\? ( only tw5ty4  ,f   
,fr5* he  proce$$ to le>n ,g]man1 &     
rapidly ma/]$ t language4  ,hav+  tak5 a
 l>ge f>m1 = ! purpose ( introduc+      
,scot* improvem5ts 9  ! art (           
agriculture1 he %ortly succe$$ 9 realis+
 a consid]able  income4  ,! cont95t be+ 
?r[n op5 at ! end ( ! w>1 he  travell$  
abroad = ! purpose ( inquir+ into !     
sy/em (  g>d5+ & agriculture 9 o!r      
c\ntries4  ,he twice repeat$ 8  j\rneys1
 & ! results 7 publi%$ 9 8              
,encyclopdias1 :i* are  among ! mo/     
rem>kable works ( _! k9d1--di/+ui%$ = ! 
imm5se mass ( useful matt] :i* !y       
conta91 collect$ by an am\nt  ( indu/ry 
& lab\r :i* has r>ely be5 equall$4    ,!
 c>e] ( ,samuel ,drew is n less         
rem>kable ?an any ( ^? :i*  we h cit$4  
,8 fa!r 0 a h>d-work+ lab\r] ( ! p>i% ( 
,/4 ,au/ell1 9 ,cornwall4  ,?\gh poor1  
he contriv$ to s5d 8 two sons  to a     
p5ny-a-week s*ool 9 ! neighb\rhood4     
,jabez1 ! eld]1 took  delight 9 le>n+1 &

 made great progress 9 8 lessons2 b     
,samuel1  ! y\ng]1 0 a dunce1 notori\sly
 giv5 to mis*ief & play+  truant4  ,:5  
ab\t eight ye>s old he 0 put to manual  
lab\r1 e>n+  ?ree-halfp5ce a day z a    
buddle-boy at a t9 m9e4  ,at t5 he 0    
appr5tic$ to a %oemak]1 & :ile 9 ?is    
employm5t he endur$ mu*  h>d%ip1--liv+1 
z he us$ to say1 8l a toad "u a h>r[40  
,he  (t5 ?\ght ( runn+ away & becom+ a  
pirate1 or some?+ ( !  sort1 & he seems 
to h gr[n 9 recklessness z he grew 9    
ye>s4  ,9  robb+ or*>ds he 0 usually a  
lead]2 &1 z he grew old]1 he  delight$  
to take "p 9 any poa*+ or smuggl+       
adv5ture4  ,:5  ab\t sev5te51 be=e 8    
appr5tice%ip 0 out1 he ran away1  int5d+
 to ent] on bo>d a man-(-w>2 b1 sleep+ 9
 a hay-field at  night cool$ him a      
little1 & he return$ to 8 trade4        
,drew next remov$ to ! neighb\rhood (   
,plym\? to "w at 8  %oemak+ bus9ess1 &  
:ile at ,caws& he won a prize =         
cudgel-play+1 9 :i* he seems to h be5 an
 adept4  ,:ile liv+  !re1 he _h ne>ly   

lo/ 8 life 9 a smuggl+ exploit :i* he _h
  jo9$1 p>tly induc$ by ! love (        
adv5ture1 & p>tly by ! love  ( ga91 = 8 
regul> wages 7 n m ?an eight %ill+s     
a-week4  ,"o night1 notice 0 giv5       
?r\gh\t ,craf?ole1 t a smuggl] 0 (f  !  
coa/1 ready to l& h] c>go2 on :i* ! male
 population ( !  place--ne>ly all       
smuggl]s--made = ! %ore4  ,"o p>ty      
rema9$ on !  rocks to make signals &    
dispose ( ! goods z !y 7 l&$2 &  ano!r  
mann$ ! boats1 ,drew be+ ( ! latt] p>ty4
  ,! night 0  int5sely d>k1 & v little (
 ! c>go _h be5 l&$1 :5 !  w9d rose1 ) a 
heavy sea4  ,! m5 9 ! boats1 h[ev]1     
det]m9$  to p]sev]e1 & sev]al trips 7   
made betwe5 ! smuggl]1 n[  /&+ f>!r out 
to sea1 & ! %ore4  ,"o ( ! m5 9 ! boat  
9 :i* ,drew 01 _h 8 hat bl[n (f by !    
w9d1 & 9 attempt+  to recov] x1 ! boat 0
 upset4  ,?ree ( ! m5 7 imm$iately      
dr[n$2 ! o!rs clung to ! boat = a "t1 b 
f9d+ x drift+  out to sea1 !y took to   
swimm+4  ,!y 7 two miles f l&1 &  !     
night 0 int5sely d>k4  ,aft] be+ ab\t   

?ree h\rs 9 !  wat]1 ,drew rea*$ a rock 
ne> ! %ore1 ) "o or two o!rs1 :]e  he   
rema9$ b5umb$ ) cold till morn+1 :5 he &
 8 companions  7 discov]$ & tak5 (f1 m  
dead ?an alive4  ,a keg ( br&y  f ! c>go
 j l&$ 0 br\ght1 ! head knock$ 9 ) a    
hat*et1 & a b[lfull ( ! liquid pres5t$  
to ! survivors2 &1  %ortly aft]1 ,drew 0
 able to walk two miles ?r\gh deep sn[1 
to 8  lodg+s4    ,?is 0 a v unpromis+   
beg9n+ ( a life2 & yet ?is same ,drew1  
scapegrace1 or*>d-robb]1 %oemak]1       
cudgel-play]1 & smuggl]1  outliv$ !     
recklessness ( 8 y\? & became di/+ui%$ z
 a  m9i/] ( ! ,gospel & a writ] ( good  
books4  ,happily1 be=e x  0 too late1 ! 
en]gy :i* *>act]is$ him 0 turn$ into a m
  heal?y direction1 & r5d]$ him z em95t 
9 usefulness z he _h  be=e be5 9        
wick$ness4  ,8 fa!r aga9 took him back  
to ,/4  ,au/ell1 & f\nd employm5t = him 
z a j\rneyman %oemak]4  ,p]haps  8 rec5t
 escape f dea? _h t5d$ to make ! "y man 
s]i\s1 z  we %ortly f9d him attract$ by 
! =cible prea*+ ( ,dr4 ,adam  ,cl>ke1 a 

m9i/] ( ! ,wesleyan ,me?odi/s4  ,8 bro!r
 hav+ di$  ab\t ! same "t1 ! impression 
( s]i\sness 0 deep5$2 &  !nce=w>d he 0  
an alt]$ man4  ,he began anew ! "w (    
education1 = he _h almo/ =gott5 h[ to   
read & write2 & ev5  aft] sev]al ye>s'  
practice1 a fri5d comp>$ 8 writ+ to !   
traces ( a spid] dipp$ 9 ink set to     
crawl ^u pap]4  ,speak+ (  himself1 ab\t
 t "t1 ,drew aft]w>ds said1 8,! m ,i    
read1 !  m ,i felt my own ignorance2 & !
 m ,i felt my ignorance1 ! m  inv9cible 
became my en]gy to surm\nt x4  ,e       
leisure mom5t 0 n[  employ$ 9 read+ "o  
?+ or ano!r4  ,hav+ to support myself by
  manual lab\r1 my "t = read+ 0 b       
little1 & to ov]come ?is  disadvantage1 
my usual me?od 0 to place a book be=e me
 :ile at  meat1 & at e repa/ ,i read    
five or six pages40  ,! p]usal (        
,locke's #8,essay on ! ,und]/&+' gave ! 
fir/ metaphysical turn to  8 m9d4  8,x  
awak5$ me f my /upor10 said he1 8&      
induc$ me to  =m a resolution to ab&on !
 grovell+ views :i* ,i _h be5  accu/om$ 

to ent]ta940    ,drew began bus9ess on 8
 own acc\nt1 ) a capital ( a few        
%ill+s2 b 8 "* = /ead9ess 0 su* t a     
neighb\r+  mill] (f]$ him a loan1 :i* 0 
accept$1 &1 success att5d+ 8  indu/ry1 !
 debt 0 repaid at ! end ( a ye>4  ,he   
/>t$ ) a  det]m9ation to 8owe no man    
any?+10 & he held to x 9 ! mid/ (  _m   
privations4  ,(t5 he w5t to b$          
supp]less1 to avoid ris+ 9  debt4  ,8   
ambition 0 to a*ieve indep5d5ce by      
indu/ry & economy1  & 9 ?is he gradually
 succe$$4  ,9 ! mid/ ( incessant lab\r1 
he  s$ul\sly /rove to improve 8 m9d1    
/udy+ a/ronomy1 hi/ory1 &  metaphysics4 
,he 0 induc$ to pursue ! latt] /udy     
*iefly because  x requir$ few] books to 
consult ?an ei!r ( ! o!rs4  8,x  appe>$ 
to be a ?orny pa?10 he said1 8b ,i      
det]m9$1 nev]!less1  to ent]1 &         
accord+ly began to tread x40    ,add$ to
 8 lab\rs 9 %oemak+ & metaphysics1 ,drew
 became a local  prea*] & a class lead]4
  ,he took an eag] int]e/ 9 politics1 & 
8 %op became a fav\rite resort ) !      

village politicians4  ,&  :5 !y did n   
come to him1 he w5t to !m to talk ov]   
public  affairs4  ,?is s encroa*$ ^u 8  
"t t he f\nd x necess>y  sometimes to "w
 until midnight to make up = ! h\rs lo/ 
dur+ !  day4  ,8 political f]v\r become 
! talk ( ! village4  ,:ile busy  "o     
night hamm]+ away at a %oe-sole1 a      
little boy1 see+ a light 9  ! %op1 put 8
 m\? to ! keyhole ( ! door1 & call$ out 
9 a  %rill pipe1 8,%oemak]6 %oe-mak]6 "w
 by night & run ab\t by day60  ,a fri5d1
 to :om ,drew aft]w>ds told ! /ory1     
ask$1 8,& did n y  run aft] ! boy1 &    
/rap him80  8,no1 no10 0 ! reply2 8_h a 
pi/ol be5 fir$ (f at my e>1 ,i c\ld n h 
be5 m dismay$ or  conf\nd$4  ,i dropp$  
my "w1 & said to myself1 #8,true1 true6 
b y  %all nev] h t to say ( me aga94'   
,to me t cry 0 z !  voice ( ,god1 & x   
has be5 a ^w 9 season ?r\gh\t my life4  
,i  le>nt f x n to leave till to-morr[ !
 "w ( to-day1 or to idle  :5 ,i ought to
 be work+40    ,f t mom5t ,drew dropp$  
politics1 & /uck to 8 "w1 read+  & /udy+

 9 8 sp>e h\rs3 b he nev] all[$ ! latt] 
pursuit  to int]f]e ) 8 bus9ess1 ?\gh x 
frequ5tly broke 9 ^u 8  re/4  ,he m>ri$1
 & ?\ght ( emigrat+ to ,am]ica2 b he    
rema9$  work+ on4  ,8 lit]>y ta/e fir/  
took ! direction ( poetical             
composition2 & f "s ( ! fragm5ts :i* h  
be5 pres]v$1 x  appe>s t 8 speculations 
z to ! immat]iality & immortality (  !  
s\l _h _! orig9 9 ^! poetical mus+s4  ,8
 /udy 0 !  kit*51 :]e 8 wife's bell[s   
s]v$ him = a desk2 & he wrote  amid/ !  
cries & cradl+s ( 8 *ildr54  ,pa9e's    
#8,age ( ,reason'  hav+ appe>$ ab\t ?is 
"t & excit$ mu* int]e/1 he compos$ a    
pamphlet 9 refutation ( its argum5ts1   
:i* 0 publi%$4  ,he us$  aft]w>ds to say
 t x 0 ! #8,age ( ,reason' t made him an
  au?or4  ,v>i\s pamphlets f 8 p5 %ortly
 appe>$ 9 rapid  succession1 & a few    
ye>s lat]1 :ile /ill work+ at %oemak+1  
he  wrote & publi%$ 8 admirable #8,essay
 on ! ,immat]iality &  ,immortality ( ! 
,human ,s\l1' :i* he sold = tw5ty p\nds1
 a great  sum 9 8 e/imation at ! "t4  ,!

 book w5t ?r\gh _m editions1  & is /ill 
priz$4    ,drew 0 9 no wise puff$ up by 
8 success1 z _m "y au?ors are1  b1 long 
aft] he _h become celebrat$ z a writ]1  
us$ to be se5  sweep+ ! /reet be=e 8    
door1 or help+ 8 appr5tices to c>ry  9 !
 w9t]'s coals4  ,nor c\ld he1 = "s "t1  
br+ himself to  reg>d lit]ature z a     
pr(ession to live by4  ,8 fir/ c>e 01 to
  secure an hone/ livelihood by 8       
bus9ess1 & to put into ! 8lott]y  (     
lit]>y success10 z he t]m$ x1 only !    
surplus ( 8 "t4  ,at  l5g?1 h[ev]1 he   
devot$ himself :olly to lit]ature1 m    
p>ticul>ly 9 connection ) ! ,wesleyan   
body2 edit+ "o ( _!  magaz9es1 &        
sup]9t5d+ ! publication ( sev]al ( _!   
d5om9ational works4  ,he also wrote 9 ! 
#8,eclectic ,review1' &  compil$ &      
publi%$ a valuable hi/ory ( 8 native    
c\nty1 ,cornwall1  ) num]\s o!r works4  
,t[>ds ! close ( 8 c>e]1 he said (      
himself1--8,rais$ f "o ( ! l[e/ /ations 
9 society1 ,i h  endeav\r$ ?r\gh life to
 br+ my family into a /ate (            

respectability1 by hone/ indu/ry1       
frugality1 & a high reg>d = my  moral   
"*4  ,div9e provid5ce has smil$ on my   
ex]tions1 &  cr[n$ my wi%es ) success40 
,! late ,joseph ,hume pursu$ a v diff]5t
 c>e]1 b work$ 9 an  equally p]sev]+ _s4
  ,he 0 a man ( mod]ate p>ts1 b ( great 
indu/ry & unimpea*able hone/y ( purpose4
  ,! motto ( 8 life 0  8,p]sev]ance10 & 
well1 he act$ up to x4  ,8 fa!r dy+ :ile
 he  0 a m]e *ild1 8 "m op5$ a small %op
 9 ,montrose1 & toil$  h>d to ma9ta9 h] 
family & br+ !m up respectably4  ,joseph
 %e  put appr5tice to a surgeon1 &      
educat$ = ! m$ical pr(ession4  ,hav+ got
 8 diploma1 he made sev]al voyages to   
,india z %ip's  surgeon1 #aae & aft]w>ds
 obta9$ a cadet%ip 9 ! ,company's       
s]vice4  ,none work$ h>d]1 or liv$ m    
temp]ately1 ?an he did1  &1 secur+ !    
confid5ce ( 8 sup]iors1 :o f\nd him a   
capable  man 9 ! p]=mance ( 8 duty1 !y  
gradually promot$ him to high]  (fices4 
,9 #ahjc he 0 ) ! division ( ! army "u  
,g5]al  ,p[ell1 9 ! ,mahratta w>2 & !   

int]pret] hav+ di$1 ,hume1 :o  _h       
mean:ile /udi$ & ma/]$ ! native         
languages1 0 appo9t$ 9  8 /ead4  ,he 0  
next made *ief ( ! m$ical /aff4  ,b z if
 ?is  7 n en\gh to occupy 8 full work+  
p[]1 he und]took 9  addition ! (fices ( 
payma/] & po/-ma/]1 & fill$ !m          
satisfactorily4  ,he also contract$ to  
supply ! commiss>iat1 :i* he  did )     
advantage to ! army & pr(it to himself4 
,aft] ab\t t5  ye>s' unremitt+ lab\r1 he
 return$ to ,engl& ) a compet5cy2 &  "o 
( 8 fir/ acts 0 to make provision = !   
poor] memb]s ( 8  family4    ,b ,joseph 
,hume 0 n a man to enjoy ! fruits ( 8   
indu/ry 9  idl5ess4  ,"w & occupation _h
 become necess>y = 8 com=t &  happ9ess4 
,to make himself fully acqua9t$ ) !     
actual /ate ( 8  own c\ntry1 & !        
condition ( ! p1 he visit$ e t[n 9  !   
k+dom :i* !n enjoy$ any degree (        
manufactur+ celebrity4  ,he  aft]w>ds   
travell$ abroad = ! purpose ( obta9+ a k
 (  =eign /ates4 ,return$ to ,engl&1 he 
ent]$ ,p>liam5t 9 #ahab1 &  cont9u$ a   

memb] ( t assembly1 ) a %ort            
int]ruption1 = a  p]iod ( ab\t ?irty-f\r
 ye>s4  ,8 fir/ record$ spee* 0 on !    
subject ( public education1 & ?r\gh\t 8 
long & hon\rable  c>e] he took an active
 & e>ne/ int]e/ 9 t & all o!r  que/ions 
calculat$ to elevate & improve !        
condition ( !  p--crim9al re=m1         
sav+s-banks1 free trade1 economy &      
retr5*m5t1 ext5d$ repres5tation1 & su* l
 measures1 all (  :i* he indefatigably  
promot$4  ,:atev] subject he und]took1  
he  work$ at ) all 8 might4  ,he 0 n a  
good speak]1 b :at he  said 0 believ$ to
 proce$ f ! lips ( an hone/1 s+le-m9d$1 
accurate man4  ,if ridicule1 z          
,%aftesbury says1 be ! te/ ( tru?1      
,joseph ,hume /ood ! te/ well4  ,no man 
0 m laugh$ at1 b !re  he /ood           
p]petually1 & lit]ally1 8at 8 po/40  ,he
 0 usually  beat5 on a division1 b !    
influ5ce :i* he ex]cis$ 0  nev]!less    
felt1 & _m important f9ancial           
improvem5ts 7  effect$ by him ev5 ) !   
vote directly aga9/ him4  ,! am\nt (    

h>d "w :i* he contriv$ to get ?r\gh 0   
some?+ extraord9>y4  ,he rose at six1   
wrote lett]s & arrang$ 8 pap]s =        
p>liam5t2  !n1 aft] breakfa/1 he receiv$
 p]sons on bus9ess1 sometimes z _m  z   
tw5ty 9 a morn+4  ,! ,h\se r>ely        
assembl$ )\t him1 &  ?\gh ! debate might
 be prolong$ to two or ?ree o'clock 9 ! 
morn+1 8 "n 0 seldom f\nd abs5t f !     
division4  ,9 %ort1  to p]=m ! "w :i* he
 did1 ext5d+ ov] s long a p]iod1 9 !    
face ( s _m ,adm9i/rations1 week aft]   
week1 ye> aft] ye>1--to be  outvot$1    
beat51 laugh$ at1 /&+ on _m occasions   
almo/ alone1--to  p]sev]e 9 ! face ( e  
disc\ragem5t1 pres]v+ 8 temp]  unruffl$1
 nev] relax+ 9 8 en]gy or 8 hope1 & liv+
 to see  ! great] numb] ( 8 measures    
adopt$ ) acclamation1 mu/ be  reg>d$ z  
"o ( ! mo/ rem>kable illu/rations ( !   
p[] (  human p]sev]ance t biography c   
exhibit4          ,,*apt] ,v4  ,,helps  
,,& ,,opportunities--,,sci5tific        
,,pursuits4          8,nei!r ! nak$ h&1 
nor ! und]/&+1 left to itself1 c      d 

mu*2 ! "w is accompli%$ by in/rum5ts &  
helps1 ( :i*      ! ne$ is n less = !   
und]/&+ ?an ! h&40--,bacon4             
8,opportunity has hair 9 front1 beh9d %e
 is bald2 if y seize h]      by ! =elock
 y may hold h]1 b1 if suff]$ to escape1 
n      ,jupit] himself c cat* h]        
aga940--,f ! ,lat94    ,,accid5t does v 
little t[>ds ! production ( any great   
result 9  life4  ,?\gh sometimes :at is 
call$ 8a happy hit0 may be made by a    
bold v5ture1 ! common highway ( /eady   
indu/ry & application is  ! only safe   
road to travel4  ,x is said ( ! l&scape 
pa9t]  ,wilson1 t :5 he _h ne>ly f9i%$ a
 picture 9 a tame1 correct  mann]1 he   
w\ld /ep back f x1 8 p5cil fix$ at ! end
 ( a long  /ick1 & aft] gaz+ e>ne/ly on 
! "w1 he w\ld sudd5ly walk up  & by a   
few bold t\*es give a brilliant f9i% to 
! pa9t+4  ,b  x w n d = e "o :o w\ld    
produce an effect1 to ?r[ 8  bru% at !  
canvas 9 ! hope ( produc+ a picture4  ,!
 capability  ( putt+ 9 ^! la/ vital     
t\*es is acquir$ only by ! lab\r (  a   

life2 & ! probability is1 t ! arti/ :o  
has n c>efully  tra9$ himself be=eh&1 9 
attempt+ to produce a brilliant effect  
at a da%1 w only produce a blot*4       
,s$ul\s att5tion & pa9/ak+ indu/ry      
always m>k ! true work]4  ,! greate/ m5 
are n ^? :o 8despise ! day ( small ?+s10
 b  ^? :o improve !m ! mo/ c>efully4    
,mi*ael ,angelo 0 "o day  expla9+ to a  
visitor at 8 /udio1 :at he _h be5 do+ at
 a /atue  s9ce 8 previ\s visit4  8,i h  
ret\*$ ?is "p--poli%$  t--s(t5$ ?is     
feature--br\ght out t muscle--giv5 "s   
expression  to ?is lip1 & m en]gy to t  
limb40  8,b ^! are trifles10  rem>k$ !  
visitor4  8,x may be s10 repli$ !       
sculptor1 8b  recollect t trifles make  
p]fection1 & p]fection is no trifle40   
,s  x 0 said ( ,ni*olas ,p\ss91 ! pa9t]1
 t ! rule ( 8  conduct 01 t 8:atev] 0   
wor? do+ at all 0 wor? do+ well20  & :5 
ask$1 late 9 life1 by 8 fri5d ,vigneul  
de ,m>ville1 by :at  means he _h ga9$ s 
high a reputation among ! pa9t]s (      
,italy1  ,p\ss9 emphatically answ]$1    

8,because ,i h neglect$ no?+40          
,al?\gh !re are discov]ies :i* are said 
to h be5 made by  accid5t1 if c>efully  
inquir$ into1 x w be f\nd t !re has     
really be5 v little t 0 accid5tal ab\t  
!m4  ,= ! mo/  "p1 ^! s-call$ accid5ts h
 only be5 opportunities1 c>efully       
improv$ by g5ius4  ,! fall ( ! apple at 
,newton's feet has (t5  be5 quot$ 9 pro(
 ( ! accid5tal "* ( "s discov]ies4  ,b  
,newton's :ole m9d _h already be5 devot$
 = ye>s to !  labori\s & pati5t         
inve/igation ( ! subject ( gravitation2 
&  ! circum/ance ( ! apple fall+ be=e 8 
eyes 0 sudd5ly  appreh5d$ only z g5ius  
c\ld appreh5d x1 & s]v$ to fla% ^u  him 
! brilliant discov]y !n op5+ to 8 sight4
  ,9 l mann]1  ! brilliantly-col\r$     
soap-bubbles bl[n f a common tobacco    
pipe--?\gh 8trifles light z air0 9 mo/  
eyes--sugge/$ to ,dr4 ,"y  8 beautiful  
!ory ( 8int]f]5ces10 & l$ to 8 discov]y 
relat+ to ! diffraction ( light4        
,al?\gh great m5 are popul>ly  suppos$  
only to deal ) great ?+s1 m5 su* z      

,newton & ,"y  7 ready to detect !      
significance ( ! mo/ famili> & simple   
facts2 _! greatness consi/+ ma9ly 9 _!  
wise int]pretation (  !m4    ,! diff]5ce
 betwe5 m5 consi/s1 9 a great measure1 9
 !  intellig5ce ( _! obs]vation4  ,!    
,russian prov]b says ( !  non-obs]vant  
man1 8,he goes ?r\gh ! =e/ & sees no    
firewood40  8,! wise man's eyes are 9 8 
head10 says ,solomon1 8b ! fool  walke? 
9 d>kness40  8,sir10 said ,johnson1 on  
"o occasion1 to a f9e  g5tleman j       
return$ f ,italy1 8"s m5 w le>n m 9 !   
,hamp/ead /age ?an o!rs 9 ! t\r (       
,europe40  ,x is ! m9d t  sees z well z 
! eye4  ,:]e un?9k+ gaz]s obs]ve no?+1  
m5 (  intellig5t vision p5etrate into ! 
v fibre ( ! ph5om5a  pres5t$ to !m1     
att5tively not+ diff]5ces1 mak+         
comp>isons1  & recogniz+ _! und]ly+     
idea4  ,_m be=e ,galileo _h se5 a       
susp5d$ weight sw+ be=e _! eyes ) a     
measur$ beat2 b he 0  ! fir/ to detect !
 value ( ! fact4  ,"o ( ! v]g]s 9 !     
ca!dral at ,pisa1 aft] repl5i%+ ) oil a 

lamp :i* hung f !  ro(1 left x sw++ to &
 fro2 & ,galileo1 !n a y\? ( only       
eighte51 not+ x att5tively1 conceiv$ !  
idea ( apply+ x to !  measurem5t ( "t4  
,fifty ye>s ( /udy & lab\r1 h[ev]1      
elaps$1  be=e he complet$ ! inv5tion ( 8
 ,p5dulum1--! importance (  :i*1 9 !    
measurem5t ( "t & 9 a/ronomical         
calculations1 c  sc>cely be ov]rat$4  ,9
 l mann]1 ,galileo1 hav+ casually he>d  
t "o ,lipp]%ey1 a ,dut* spectacle-mak]1 
_h pres5t$ to ,c\nt  ,maurice ( ,nassau 
an in/rum5t by means ( :i* di/ant       
objects  appe>$ ne>] to ! behold]1      
address$ himself to ! cause ( su* a     
ph5om5on1 :i* l$ to ! inv5tion ( !      
telescope1 & prov$ !  beg9n+ ( ! mod]n  
sci5ce ( a/ronomy4  ,discov]ies su* z ^!
  c\ld nev] h be5 made by a neglig5t    
obs]v]1 or by a m]e passive  li/5]4     
,:ile ,capta9 7aft]w>ds ,sir ,samuel7   
,br[n 0 occupi$ 9 /udy+ !  con/ruction (
 bridges1 ) ! view ( contriv+ "o ( a    
*eap  description to be ?r[n across !   
,twe$1 ne> :i* he liv$1 he 0  walk+ 9 8 

g>d5 "o dewy autumn morn+1 :5 he saw a  
t9y  spid]'s net susp5d$ across 8 pa?4  
,! idea imm$iately occurr$ to  him1 t a 
bridge ( iron ropes or *a9s might be    
con/ruct$ 9 l  mann]1 & ! result 0 !    
inv5tion ( 8 ,susp5sion ,bridge4  ,s    
,james ,watt1 :5 consult$ ab\t ! mode ( 
c>ry+ wat] by pipes  "u ! ,clyde1 along 
! unequal b$ ( ! riv]1 turn$ 8 att5tion 
"o day to ! %ell ( a lob/] pres5t$ at   
table2 & f t model  he inv5t$ an iron   
tube1 :i*1 :5 laid d[n1 0 f\nd          
effectually to  answ] ! purpose4  ,sir  
,isamb]t ,brunel took 8 fir/ lessons 9  
=m+ ! ,?ames ,tunnel f ! t9y %ipworm3 he
 saw h[ ! little  creature p]=at$ ! wood
 ) its well-arm$ head1 fir/ 9 "o        
direction & !n 9 ano!r1 till ! ar*way 0 
complete1 & !n  daub$ ov] ! ro( & sides 
) a k9d ( v>ni%2 & by copy+  ?is "w     
exactly on a l>ge scale1 ,brunel 0 at   
l5g? enabl$ to  con/ruct 8 %ield &      
accompli% 8 great eng9e]+ "w4    ,x is !
 intellig5t eye ( ! c>eful obs]v] :i*   
gives ^!  app>5tly trivial ph5om5a _!   

value4  ,s trifl+ a matt] z !  sight (  
seawe$ float+ pa/ 8 %ip1 enabl$         
,columbus to quell !  mut9y :i* arose   
among/ 8 sailors at n discov]+ l&1 & to 
assure !m t ! eag]ly s\ght ,new ,_w 0 n 
f> (f4  ,!re is  no?+ s small t x %\ld  
rema9 =gott52 & no fact1 h[ev]  trivial1
 b may prove useful 9 "s way or o!r if  
c>efully  int]pret$4  ,:o c\ld h imag9$ 
t ! fam\s 8*alk cliffs (  ,albion0 _h   
be5 built up by t9y insects--detect$    
only by ! help (  ! microscope--( ! same
 ord] ( creatures t h gemm$ ! sea  )    
isl&s ( coral6  ,& :o t contemplates su*
 extraord9>y  results1 aris+ f inf9itely
 m9ute op]ations1 w v5ture to  "q ! p[] 
( little ?+s8    ,x is ! close          
obs]vation ( little ?+s :i* is ! secret 
(  success 9 bus9ess1 9 art1 9 sci5ce1 &
 9 e pursuit 9 life4  ,human k is b an  
accumulation ( small facts1 made by     
successive  g5]ations ( m51 ! little    
bits ( k & exp]i5ce c>efully  treasur$  
up by !m gr[+ at l5g? into a mighty     
pyramid4  ,?\gh  _m ( ^! facts &        

obs]vations seem$ 9 ! fir/ in/ance to h 
b slight significance1 !y are all f\nd  
to h _! ev5tual uses1  & to fit into _! 
prop] places4  ,ev5 _m speculations     
seem+ly  remote1 turn out to be ! basis 
( results ! mo/ obvi\sly practical4  ,9 
! case ( ! conic sections discov]$ by   
,apollonius ,p]gu1  tw5ty c5turies      
elaps$ be=e !y 7 made ! basis (         
a/ronomy--a  sci5ce :i* enables ! mod]n 
navigator to /e] 8 way ?r\gh  unkn[n    
seas & traces = him 9 ! heav5s an un]r+ 
pa? to 8  appo9t$ hav54  ,& _h n        
ma!maticians toil$ = s long1 &1 to      
un9/ruct$ obs]v]s1 app>5tly s           
fruitlessly1 ov] ! ab/ract  relations ( 
l9es & surfaces1 x is probable t b few (
 our  me*anical inv5tions w\ld h se5 !  
light4    ,:5 ,frankl9 made 8 discov]y (
 ! id5tity ( lightn+ &  electricity1 x 0
 sne]$ at1 & p ask$1 8,( :at use is x80 
,to :i* 8 reply 01 8,:at is ! use ( a   
*ild8  ,x may become a  man60  ,:5      
,galvani discov]$ t a frog's leg twit*$ 
:5 plac$ 9  contact ) diff]5t metals1 x 

c\ld sc>cely h be5 imag9$ t  s app>5tly 
insignificant a fact c\ld h l$ to       
important results4  ,yet !re9 lay ! g]m 
( ! ,electric ,telegraph1 :i* b9ds !    
intellig5ce ( cont95ts toge!r1 &1       
probably be=e _m ye>s h  elaps$1 w 8put 
a girdle r\nd ! globe40  ,s too1 little 
bits (  /one & fossil1 dug out ( ! e>?1 
intellig5tly int]pret$1 h  issu$ 9 !    
sci5ce ( geology & ! practical op]ations
 ( m9+1  9 :i* l>ge capitals are inve/$ 
& va/ numb]s ( p]sons  pr(itably        
employ$4    ,! gigantic ma*9]y employ$ 9
 pump+ our m9es1 work+ our mills  &     
manufactures1 & driv+ our /eam-%ips &   
locomotives1 9 l  mann] dep5ds = its    
supply ( p[] ^u s slight an ag5cy z     
little  drops ( wat] exp&$ by heat1--t  
famili> ag5cy call$ /eam1 :i*  we see   
issu+ f t common tea-kettle sp\t1 b :i*1
 :5 put up  )9 an +5i\sly contriv$      
me*anism1 displays a =ce equal to t  (  
millions ( horses1 & conta9s a p[] to   
rebuke ! waves & set  ev5 ! hurricane at
 defiance4  ,! same p[] at "w )9 ! b[els

  ( ! e>? has be5 ! cause ( ^? volcanoes
 & e>?quakes :i*  h play$ s mighty a "p 
9 ! hi/ory ( ! globe4    ,x is said t ! 
,m>quis ( ,worce/]'s att5tion 0 fir/    
accid5tally direct$ to ! subject ( /eam 
p[]1 by ! tight cov]  ( a vessel conta9+
 hot wat] hav+ be5 bl[n (f be=e 8 eyes1 
:5 conf9$ a prison] 9 ! ,t[]4  ,he      
publi%$ ! result ( 8  obs]vations 9 8   
#8,c5tury ( ,inv5tions1' :i* =m$ a sort 
(  text-book = inquir]s into ! p[]s (   
/eam = a "t1 until  ,sav>y1 ,newcom51 & 
o!rs1 apply+ x to practical purposes1   
br\ght  ! /eam-eng9e to ! /ate 9 :i*    
,watt f\nd x :5 call$ ^u to  repair a   
model ( ,newcom5's eng9e1 :i* belong$ to
 ! ,univ]sity (  ,glasg[4  ,?is         
accid5tal circum/ance 0 an opportunity =
 ,watt1 :i*  he 0 n sl[ to improve2 & x 
0 ! lab\r ( 8 life to br+  ! /eam-eng9e 
to p]fection4    ,?is art ( seiz+       
opportunities & turn+ ev5 accid5ts to   
acc\nt1  b5d+ !m to "s purpose is a     
great secret ( success4  ,dr4 ,johnson  
has def9$ g5ius to be 8a m9d ( l>ge     

g5]al p[]s accid5tally  det]m9$ 9 "s    
p>ticul> direction40  ,m5 :o are resolv$
 to f9d a  way = !mselves1 w always f9d 
opportunities en\gh2 & if !y d  n lie   
ready to _! h&1 !y w make !m4  ,x is n  
^? :o  h enjoy$ ! advantages ( colleges1
 museums1 & public gall]ies1  t h       
accompli%$ ! mo/ = sci5ce & art2 nor h !
  greate/ me*anics & inv5tors be5 tra9$ 
9 me*anics' in/itutes4  ,necessity1 (t5]
 ?an facility1 has be5 ! "m ( inv5tion2 
&  ! mo/ prolific s*ool ( all has be5 ! 
s*ool ( difficulty4  ,"s  ( ! v be/     
workm5 h _h ! mo/ indiff]5t tools to "w 
)4  ,b x is n tools t make ! workman1 b 
! tra9$ skill  & p]sev]ance ( ! man     
himself4  ,inde$ x is prov]bial t !  bad
 workman nev] yet _h a good tool4  ,"s  
"o ask$ ,opie by :at  wond]ful process  
he mix$ 8 col\rs4  8,i mix !m ) my      
bra9s1  sir10 0 8 reply4  ,x is ! same )
 e workman :o w\ld excel4  ,f]guson made
 m>vell\s ?+s--su* z 8 wood5 clock1 t   
accurately  measur$ ! h\rs--by means ( a
 common p5knife1 a tool 9 ev]ybody's    

h&2 b !n ev]ybody is n a ,f]guson4  ,a  
pan ( wat] & two  !rmomet]s 7 ! tools by
 :i* ,dr4 ,black discov]$ lat5t heat2  &
 a prism1 a l5s1 & a %eet ( pa/ebo>d    
enabl$ ,newton to unfold  ! composition 
( light & ! orig9 ( col\rs4  ,an em95t  
=eign  savant once call$ ^u ,dr4        
,wolla/on1 & reque/$ to be %[n ov]  8   
laboratories 9 :i* sci5ce _h be5 enri*$ 
by s _m important  discov]ies1 :5 !     
doctor took him into a little /udy1 &1  
po9t+  to an old tea-tray on ! table1   
conta9+ a few wat*-glasses1 te/  pap]s1 
a small balance1 & a bl[pipe1 said1     
8,!re is all !  laboratory t ,i h60     
,/o?>d le>nt ! art ( comb9+ col\rs by   
closely /udy+  butt]flies' w+s3 he w\ld 
(t5 say t no "o knew :at he ow$ to  ^!  
t9y insects4  ,a burnt /ick & a b>n door
 s]v$ ,wilkie 9 lieu  ( p5cil & canvas4 
,bewick fir/ practis$ draw+ on ! cottage
  walls ( 8 native village1 :i* he cov]$
 ) 8 sket*es 9 *alk2  & ,b5jam9 ,we/    
made 8 fir/ bru%es out ( ! cat's tail4  
,f]guson  laid himself d[n 9 ! fields at

 night 9 a blanket1 & made a map (  !   
heav5ly bodies by means ( a ?read )     
small beads on x /ret*$  betwe5 8 eye & 
! />s4  ,frankl9 fir/ robb$ ! ?und]cl\d 
(  its lightn+ by means ( a kite made ) 
two cross /icks & a silk  h&k]*ief4     
,watt made 8 fir/ model ( ! cond5s+     
/eam-eng9e  out ( an old anatomi/'s     
syr+e1 us$ to inject ! art]ies previ\s  
to dissection4  ,gif=d work$ 8 fir/     
problems 9 ma!matics1 :5 a  cobbl]'s    
appr5tice1 ^u small scraps ( lea!r1 :i* 
he beat smoo?  = ! purpose2 :il/        
,ritt5h\se1 ! a/ronom]1 fir/ calculat$  
eclipses on 8 pl\gh h&le4    ,! mo/     
ord9>y occasions w furni% a man )       
opportunities or  sugge/ions =          
improvem5t1 if he be b prompt to take   
advantage (  !m4  ,pr(essor ,lee 0      
attract$ to ! /udy ( ,hebrew by f9d+ a  
,bible 9 t tongue 9 a synagogue1 :ile   
work+ z a common c>p5t]  at ! repairs ( 
! b5*es4  ,he became possess$ ) a desire
 to read  ! book 9 ! orig9al1 &1 buy+ a 
*eap second-h& copy ( a  ,hebrew gramm>1

 he set to "w & le>nt ! language =      
himself4  ,z  ,edmund ,/one said to !   
,duke ( ,argyle1 9 answ] to 8 grace's   
inquiry  h[ he1 a poor g>d5]'s boy1 _h  
contriv$ to be able to read ,newton's   
,pr9cipia 9 ,lat91 8,"o ne$s only to "k 
! tw5ty-f\r lett]s (  ! alphabet 9 ord] 
to le>n ev]y?+ else t "o wi%es40        
,application & p]sev]ance1 & ! dilig5t  
improvem5t (  opportunities1 w d ! re/4 
,sir ,walt] ,scott f\nd opportunities = 
self-improvem5t 9 e  pursuit1 & turn$   
ev5 accid5ts to acc\nt4  ,?us x 0 9 !   
dis*>ge ( 8 functions z a writ]'s       
appr5tice t he fir/ visit$  ! ,highl&s1 
& =m$ ^? fri5d%ips among ! surviv+ h]oes
 (  #agde :i* s]v$ to lay ! f\ndation ( 
a l>ge class ( 8 works4  ,lat] 9 life1  
:5 employ$ z qu>t]ma/] ( ! ,ed9burgh    
,light  ,cavalry1 he 0 accid5tally      
disabl$ by ! kick ( a horse1 &  conf9$ =
 "s "t to 8 h\se2 b ,scott 0 a sworn    
enemy to  idl5ess1 & he =?) set 8 m9d to
 "w4  ,9 ?ree days he _h  compos$ ! fir/
 canto ( #8,! ,lay ( ! ,la/ ,m9/rel1'   

:i* he  %ortly aft] f9i%$1--8 fir/ great
 orig9al "w4    ,! att5tion ( ,dr4      
,prie/ley1 ! discov]] ( s _m gases1 0   
accid5tally drawn to ! subject ( *emi/ry
 ?r\gh 8 liv+ 9 !  neighb\rhood ( a     
brew]y4  ,:5 visit+ ! place "o day1 he  
not$  ! peculi> appe>ances att5d+ !     
ext9ction ( light$ *ips 9 !  gas float+ 
ov] ! f]m5t$ liquor4  ,he 0 =ty ye>s old
 at !  "t1 & knew no?+ ( *emi/ry4  ,he  
consult$ books to asc]ta9 !  cause1 b !y
 told him little1 = z yet no?+ 0 kn[n on
 !  subject4  ,!n he began to exp]im5t1 
) "s rude app>atus ( 8  own contrivance4
  ,! curi\s results ( 8 fir/ exp]im5ts  
l$ to  o!rs1 :i* 9 8 h&s %ortly became !
 sci5ce ( pneumatic  *emi/ry4  ,ab\t !  
same "t1 ,s*eele 0 obscurely work+ 9 !  
same direction 9 a remote ,sw$i%        
village2 & he discov]$ sev]al new       
gases1 ) no m effective app>atus at 8   
comm& ?an a few  apo!c>ies' phials &    
pigs' bladd]s4    ,sir ,humphry ,davy1  
:5 an apo!c>y's appr5tice1 p]=m$ 8 fir/ 
exp]im5ts ) in/rum5ts ( ! rude/         

description4  ,he extemporis$  ! great] 
"p ( !m himself1 out ( ! motley mat]ials
 :i*  *ance ?rew 9 8 way1--! pots & pans
 ( ! kit*51 & ! phials  & vessels ( 8   
ma/]'s surg]y4  ,x happ5$ t a ,fr5* %ip 
0  wreck$ (f ! ,l&'s ,end1 & ! surgeon  
escap$1 be>+ ) him 8  case ( in/rum5ts1 
among/ :i* 0 an old-fa%ion$ gly/]       
app>atus2 ?is article he pres5t$ to     
,davy1 ) :om he _h become  acqua9t$4  ,!
 apo!c>y's appr5tice receiv$ x ) great  
exultation1 & =?) employ$ x z a "p ( a  
pneumatic app>atus  :i* he contriv$1    
aft]w>ds us+ x to p]=m ! duties ( an    
air-pump 9 "o ( 8 exp]im5ts on ! nature 
& s\rces ( heat4    ,9 l mann] ,pr(essor
 ,f>aday1 ,sir ,humphry ,davy's         
sci5tific  successor1 made 8 fir/       
exp]im5ts 9 electricity by means ( an   
old  bottle1 :ile he 0 /ill a work+     
bookb9d]4  ,& x is a curi\s  fact t     
,f>aday 0 fir/ attract$ to ! /udy (     
*emi/ry by  he>+ "o ( ,sir ,humphry     
,davy's lectures on ! subject at !      
,royal  ,in/itution4  ,a g5tleman1 :o 0 

a memb]1 call+ "o day at ! %op  :]e     
,f>aday 0 employ$ 9 b9d+ books1 f\nd him
 por+ ov] !  article 8,electricity0 9 an
 ,encyclopdia plac$ 9 8 h&s to b9d4  ,! 
g5tleman1 hav+ made inquiries1 f\nd t ! 
"y bookb9d] 0  curi\s ab\t su* subjects1
 & gave him an ord] ( admission to !    
,royal ,in/itution1 :]e he att5d$ a     
c\rse ( f\r lectures deliv]$  by ,sir   
,humphry4  ,he took notes ( !m1 :i* he  
%[$ to ! lectur]1  :o ackn[l$g$ _!      
sci5tific accuracy1 & 0 surpris$ :5     
in=m$ ( ! humble position ( ! report]4  
,f>aday !n express$  8 desire to devote 
himself to ! prosecution ( *emical      
/udies1 f  :i* ,sir ,humphry at fir/    
endeav\r$ to dissuade him3 b ! "y man   
p]si/+1 he 0 at l5g? tak5 into ! ,royal 
,in/itution z an  assi/ant2 & ev5tually 
! mantle ( ! brilliant apo!c>y's boy    
fell ^u ! wor?y %\ld]s ( ! equally      
brilliant bookb9d]'s  appr5tice4    ,!  
words :i* ,davy ent]$ 9 8 note-book1 :5 
ab\t tw5ty ye>s (  age1 work+ 9 ,dr4    
,b$does' laboratory at ,bri/ol1 7       

em95tly  *>act]i/ic ( him3 8,i h nei!r  
ri*es1 nor p[]1 nor bir? to  recomm5d   
me2 yet if ,i live1 ,i tru/ ,i %all n be
 ( less s]vice to  mank9d & my fri5ds1  
?an if ,i _h be5 born ) all ^!          
advantages40  ,davy possess$ !          
capability1 z ,f>aday does1 ( devot+  ! 
:ole p[] ( 8 m9d to ! practical &       
exp]im5tal  inve/igation ( a subject 9  
all its be>+s2 & su* a m9d w  r>ely     
fail1 by d9t ( m]e indu/ry & pati5t     
?9k+1 9 produc+  results ( ! highe/     
ord]4  ,col]idge said ( ,davy1 8,!re is 
an  en]gy & ela/icity 9 8 m9d1 :i*      
enables him to seize on &  analyze all  
que/ions1 pu%+ !m to _! legitimate      
consequ5ces4  ,e subject 9 ,davy's m9d  
has ! pr9ciple ( vitality4  ,liv+       
?\ghts spr+ up l turf "u 8 feet40       
,davy1 on 8 "p1 said (  ,col]idge1 ^:   
abilities he greatly admir$1 8,) ! mo/  
exalt$  g5ius1 enl>g$ views1 s5sitive   
he>t1 & enlight5$ m9d1 he w be  ! victim
 ( a want ( ord]1 precision1 &          
regul>ity40    ,! great ,cuvi] 0 a      

s+ul>ly accurate1 c>eful1 & indu/ri\s   
obs]v]4  ,:5 a boy1 he 0 attract$ to !  
subject ( natural hi/ory  by ! sight ( a
 volume ( ,buffon :i* accid5tally fell 9
 8 way4  ,he at once proce$$ to copy !  
draw+s1 & to col\r !m aft] !            
descriptions giv5 9 ! text4  ,:ile /ill 
at s*ool1 "o ( 8  tea*]s made him a     
pres5t ( #8,l9nu's ,sy/em ( ,nature2' & 
= m  ?an t5 ye>s ?is con/itut$ 8 libr>y 
( natural hi/ory4  ,at  eighte5 he 0    
(f]$ ! situation ( tutor 9 a family     
resid+ ne>  ,fcamp1 9 ,norm&y4  ,liv+   
close to ! sea-%ore1 he 0 br\ght face   
to face ) ! wond]s ( m>9e life4  ,/roll+
 along ! s&s "o  day1 he obs]v$ a /r&$  
cuttlefi%4  ,he 0 attract$ by ! curi\s  
object1 took x home to dissect1 & ?us   
began ! /udy ( !  mollusc1 9 ! pursuit (
 :i* he a*iev$ s di/+ui%$ a  reputation4
  ,he _h no books to ref] to1 except+   
only ! great book  ( ,nature :i* lay op5
 be=e him4  ,! /udy ( ! novel &  int]e/+
 objects :i* x daily pres5t$ to 8 eyes  
made a mu*  deep] impression on 8 m9d   

?an any writt5 or engrav$ descriptions  
c\ld possibly h done4  ,?ree ye>s ?us   
pass$1 dur+ :i* he  comp>$ ! liv+       
species ( m>9e animals ) ! fossil rema9s
  f\nd 9 ! neighb\rhood1 dissect$ !     
specim5s ( m>9e life t  came "u 8       
notice1 &1 by c>eful obs]vation1 prep>$ 
! way =  a complete re=m 9 !            
classification ( ! animal k+dom4  ,ab\t 
?is "t ,cuvi] became kn[n to ! le>n$    
,abb ,teissi]1 :o wrote to  ,jussieu &  
o!r fri5ds 9 ,p>is on ! subject ( ! "y  
naturali/'s inquiries1 9 t]ms ( su* high
 comm5dation1 t ,cuvi]  0 reque/$ to s5d
 "s ( 8 pap]s to ! ,society ( ,natural  
,hi/ory2 & he 0 %ortly aft] appo9t$     
assi/ant-sup]9t5d5t at  ! ,j>d9 des     
,plantes4  ,9 ! lett] writt5 by ,teissi]
 to ,jussieu1  introduc+ ! "y naturali/ 
to 8 notice1 he said1 8,y rememb]  t x 0
 ,i :o gave ,delambre to ! ,academy 9   
ano!r bran* (  sci5ce3 ?is also w be a  
,delambre40  ,we ne$ sc>cely add t !    
pr$iction ( ,teissi] 0 m ?an fulfill$4  
,x is n accid5t1 !n1 t helps a man 9 !  

_w s mu* z  purpose & p]si/5t indu/ry4  
,to ! feeble1 ! sluggi% &  purposeless1 
! happie/ accid5ts avail no?+1--!y pass 
!m by1  see+ no mean+ 9 !m4  ,b x is    
a/oni%+ h[ mu* c be  accompli%$ if we   
are prompt to seize & improve !         
opportunities =  action & ef=t :i* are  
con/antly pres5t+ !mselves4  ,watt      
taught himself *emi/ry & me*anics :ile  
work+ at 8 trade ( a                    
ma!matical-in/rum5t mak]1 at ! same "t t
 he 0 le>n+  ,g]man f a ,swiss dy]4     
,/eph5son taught himself ari?metic &    
m5suration :ile work+ z an eng9eman dur+
 ! night %ifts2 &  :5 he c\ld snat* a   
few mom5ts 9 ! int]vals all[$ = meals   
dur+ ! day1 he work$ 8 sums ) a bit (   
*alk ^u ! sides (  ! colli]y waggons4   
,dalton's indu/ry 0 ! habit ( 8 life4   
,he  began f 8 boyhood1 = he taught a   
little village-s*ool :5 he 0  only ab\t 
twelve ye>s old1--keep+ ! s*ool 9 w9t]1 
& work+  ^u 8 fa!r's f>m 9 summ]4  ,he  
w\ld sometimes urge himself &           
companions to /udy by ! /imulus ( a bet1

 ?\gh br$ a ,quak]2 &  on "o occasion1  
by 8 satisfactory solution ( a problem1 
he won z  mu* z enabl$ him to buy a     
w9t]'s /ore ( c&les4  ,he cont9u$ 8     
meteorological obs]vations until a day  
or two be=e he di$1--hav+  made &       
record$ upw>ds ( #bjj1jjj 9 ! c\rse ( 8 
life4    ,) p]sev]ance1 ! v odds & ends 
( "t may be work$ up into  results ( !  
greate/ value4  ,an h\r 9 e day )drawn f
  frivol\s pursuits w\ld1 if pr(itably  
employ$1 enable a p]son (  ord9>y       
capacity to g f> t[>ds ma/]+ a sci5ce4  
,x w\ld make  an ignorant man a         
well-in=m$ "o 9 less ?an t5 ye>s4  ,"t  
%\ld  n be all[$ to pass )\t yield+     
fruits1 9 ! =m ( some?+  le>nt wor?y (  
be+ kn[n1 "s good pr9ciple cultivat$1 or
 "s  good habit /r5g!n$4  ,dr4 ,mason   
,good translat$ ,lucretius :ile  rid+ 9 
8 c>riage 9 ! /reets ( ,london1 go+ !   
r\nd ( 8  pati5ts4  ,dr4 ,d>w9 compos$  
ne>ly all 8 works 9 ! same way :ile     
driv+ ab\t 9 8 8sulky0 f h\se to h\se 9 
! c\ntry1--writ+  d[n 8 ?\ghts on little

 scraps ( pap]1 :i* he c>ri$ ab\t )  him
 = ! purpose4  ,hale wrote 8            
#8,contemplations' :ile travell+ on     
circuit4  ,dr4 ,burney le>nt ,fr5* &    
,italian :ile travell+ on  horseback f  
"o musical pupil to ano!r 9 ! c\rse ( 8 
pr(ession4  ,kirke ,:ite le>nt ,greek   
:ile walk+ to & f a  lawy]'s (fice2 & we
 p]sonally "k a man ( em95t position :o 
le>nt ,lat9 & ,fr5* :ile go+ messages z 
an err&-boy 9 !  /reets ( ,man*e/]4     
,daguesseau1 "o ( ! great ,*ancellors ( 
,france1 by c>efully work+  up 8 odd    
bits ( "t1 wrote a bulky & able volume 9
 ! successive  int]vals ( wait+ = d9n]1 
& ,madame de ,g5lis compos$ sev]al (  h]
 *>m+ volumes :ile wait+ = ! pr9cess to 
:om %e gave h]  daily lessons4  ,elihu  
,burritt attribut$ 8 fir/ success 9     
self-improvem5t1 n to g5ius1 :i* he     
disclaim$1 b simply to !  c>eful        
employm5t ( ^? invaluable fragm5ts ( "t1
 call$ 8odd  mom5ts40  ,:ile work+ &    
e>n+ 8 liv+ z a blacksmi?1 he  ma/]$ "s 
eighte5 anci5t & mod]n languages1 &     

tw5ty-two  ,european dialects4    ,:at a
 solemn & /rik+ admonition to y\? is t  
inscrib$ on !  dial at ,all ,s\ls1      
,ox=d--8,p]eunt et imputantur0--! h\rs  
p]i%1 &  are laid to our *>ge4  ,"t is !
 only little fragm5t ( ,et]nity  t      
belongs to man2 &1 l life1 x c nev] be  
recall$4  8,9 !  dissipation ( worldly  
treasure10 says ,jackson ( ,exet]1 8!   
frugality  ( ! future may balance !     
extravagance ( ! pa/2 b :o c say1  #8,i 
w take f m9utes to-morr[ to comp5sate = 
^? ,i h lo/  to-day'80  ,melanc?on not$ 
d[n ! "t lo/ by him1 t he might  !reby  
reanimate 8 indu/ry1 & n lose an h\r4   
,an ,italian s*ol>  put ov] 8 door an   
inscription intimat+ t :osoev] rema9$   
!re  %\ld jo9 9 8 lab\rs4  8,we are     
afraid10 said "s visitors to  ,baxt]1 8t
 we break 9 ^u y\r "t40  8,to be sure y 
d10 repli$  ! di/urb$ & blunt div9e4    
,"t 0 ! e/ate out ( :i* ^!  great       
work]s1 & all o!r work]s1 =m$ t ri*     
treasury (  ?\ghts & de$s :i* !y h left 
to _! successors4    ,! m]e drudg]y     

und]gone by "s m5 9 c>ry+ on _!         
und]tak+s  has be5 some?+ extraord9>y1 b
 ! drudg]y !y reg>d$ z !  price (       
success4  ,addison amass$ z mu* z ?ree  
folios ( manuscript  mat]ials be=e he   
began 8 #8,spectator4'  ,newton wrote 8 
#8,*ronology'  fifte5 times ov] be=e he 
0 satisfi$ ) x2 & ,gibbon wrote out  8  
#8,memoir' n9e times4  ,hale /udi$ = _m 
ye>s at ! rate (  sixte5 h\rs a day1 &  
:5 we>i$ ) ! /udy ( ! law1 he w\ld      
recreate himself ) philosophy & ! /udy (
 ! ma!matics4  ,hume  wrote ?irte5 h\rs 
a day :ile prep>+ 8 #8,hi/ory ( ,engl&4'
  ,montesquieu1 speak+ ( "o "p ( 8      
writ+s1 said to a fri5d1 8,y  w read x 9
 a few h\rs2 b ,i assure y x has co/ me 
s mu*  lab\r t x has :it5$ my hair40    
,! practice ( writ+ d[n ?\ghts & facts =
 ! purpose (  hold+ !m fa/ & prev5t+ _! 
escape into ! dim region (  =getfulness1
 has be5 mu* resort$ to by ?\ghtful &   
/udi\s m54  ,"l ,bacon left beh9d him _m
 manuscripts entitl$ 8,sudd5 ?\ghts set 
d[n = use40  ,ersk9e made great extracts

 f ,burke2 & ,eldon copi$  ,coke ^u     
,littleton twice ov] ) 8 own h&1 s t !  
book  became1 z x 71 "p ( 8 own m9d4  ,!
 late ,dr4 ,pye ,smi?1 :5  appr5tic$ to 
8 fa!r z a bookb9d]1 0 accu/om$ to make 
copi\s  memor&a ( all ! books he read1 )
 extracts & criticisms4  ,?is           
indomitable indu/ry 9 collect+ mat]ials 
di/+ui%$ him ?r\gh  life1 8 biograph]   
describ+ him z 8always at "w1 always 9  
advance1 always accumulat+40  ,^!       
note-books aft]w>ds prov$1 l  ,ri*t]'s  
8qu>ries10 ! great /oreh\se f :i* he    
drew 8  illu/rations4    ,! same        
practice *>act]iz$ ! em95t ,john ,hunt]1
 :o adopt$ x  = ! purpose ( supply+ !   
defects ( memory2 & he 0 accu/om$  ?us  
to illu/rate ! advantages :i* "o d]ives 
f putt+ "o's  ?\ghts 9 writ+3 8,x       
resembles10 he said1 8a tradesman tak+  
/ock1  )\t :i* he nev] kn[s ei!r :at he 
possesses or 9 :at he is  defici5t40    
,john ,hunt]--^: obs]vation 0 s ke5 t   
,ab]ne?y 0  accu/om$ to speak ( him z 8!
 ,argus-ey$0--furni%$ an illu/ri\s      

example ( ! p[] ( pati5t indu/ry4  ,he  
receiv$ little or no  education till he 
0 ab\t tw5ty ye>s ( age1 & x 0 )        
difficulty t he acquir$ ! arts ( read+ &
 writ+4  ,he work$  = "s ye>s z a common
 c>p5t] at ,glasg[1 aft] :i* he jo9$  8 
bro!r ,william1 :o _h settl$ 9 ,london z
 a lectur] &  anatomical demon/rator4   
,john ent]$ 8 dissect+-room z an        
assi/ant1 b soon %ot ahead ( 8 bro!r1   
p>tly by virtue ( 8  great natural      
ability1 b ma9ly by reason ( 8 pati5t   
application  & indefatigable indu/ry4   
,he 0 "o ( ! fir/ 9 ?is c\ntry to       
devote himself assidu\sly to ! /udy (   
comp>ative anatomy1 & !  objects he     
dissect$ & collect$ took ! em95t        
,pr(essor ,ow5 no  less ?an t5 ye>s to  
arrange4  ,! collection conta9s "s tw5ty
  ?\s& specim5s1 & is ! mo/ preci\s     
treasure ( ! k9d t  has ev] be5         
accumulat$ by ! indu/ry ( "o man4       
,hunt] us$ to  sp5d e morn+ f sunrise   
until eight o'clock 9 8 museum2 &       
?r\gh\t ! day he c>ri$ on 8 ext5sive    

private practice1  p]=m$ 8 labori\s     
duties z surgeon to ,/4 ,george's       
,hospital &  deputy surgeon-g5]al to !  
army2 deliv]$ lectures to /ud5ts1 &     
sup]9t5d$ a s*ool ( practical anatomy at
 8 own h\se2 f9d+  leisure1 amid/ all1 =
 elaborate exp]im5ts on ! animal        
economy1 &  ! composition ( v>i\s works 
( great sci5tific importance4  ,to f9d  
"t = ?is gigantic am\nt ( "w1 he all[$  
himself only f\r h\rs  ( sleep at night1
 & an h\r aft] d9n]4  ,:5 once ask$ :at 
me?od  he _h adopt$ to insure success 9 
8 und]tak+s1 he repli$1 8,my  rule is1  
delib]ately to consid]1 be=e ,i comm5ce1
 :e!r ! ?+  be practicable4  ,if x be n 
practicable1 ,i d n attempt x4  ,if x be
  practicable1 ,i c accompli% x if ,i   
give suffici5t pa9s to x2 &  hav+ begun1
 ,i nev] /op till ! ?+ is done4  ,to ?is
 rule ,i owe  all my success40    ,hunt]
 occupi$ a great deal ( 8 "t 9 collect+ 
def9ite facts  respect+ matt]s :i*1 be=e
 8 day1 7 reg>d$ z exce$+ly  trivial4   
,?us x 0 suppos$ by _m ( 8 contempor>ies

 t he 0  only wa/+ 8 "t & ?\ght 9 /udy+ 
s c>efully z he did !  gr[? ( a de]'s   
horn4  ,b ,hunt] 0 impress$ ) !         
conviction  t no accurate k ( sci5tific 
facts is )\t its value4  ,by  ! /udy    
ref]r$ to1 he le>nt h[ art]ies          
accommodate !mselves to  circum/ances1 &
 enl>ge z occasion requires2 & ! k ?us  
acquir$ embold5$ him1 9 a case (        
aneurism 9 a bran* art]y1 to tie  ! ma9 
trunk :]e no surgeon be=e him _h d>$ to 
tie x1 & !  life ( 8 pati5t 0 sav$4  ,l 
_m orig9al m51 he work$ = a  long "t z x
 7 und]gr\nd1 digg+ & lay+ f\ndations4  
,he 0  a solit>y & self-reliant g5ius1  
hold+ on 8 c\rse )\t !  solace ( sympa?y
 or approbation1--= b few ( 8           
contempor>ies  p]ceiv$ ! ultimate object
 ( 8 pursuits4  ,b l all true  work]s1  
he did n fail 9 secur+ 8 be/ rew>d--t   
:i* dep5ds  less ^u o!rs ?an ^u "o's    
self--! approval ( consci5ce1 :i*  9 a  
"r-m9d$ man inv>iably foll[s ! hone/ &  
en]getic  p]=mance ( duty4    ,ambrose  
,p>1 ! great ,fr5* surgeon1 0 ano!r     

illu/ri\s in/ance  ( close obs]vation1  
pati5t application1 & indefatigable     
p]sev]ance4  ,he 0 ! son ( a b>b] at    
,laval1 9 ,ma9e1 :]e he  0 born 9 #aeji4
  ,8 p>5ts 7 too poor to s5d him to     
s*ool1 b  !y plac$ him z foot-boy ) !   
cur ( ! village1 hop+ t  "u t le>n$ man 
he might pick up an education = himself4
  ,b  ! cur kept him s busily employ$ 9 
groom+ 8 mule & 9 o!r  m5ial (fices t ! 
boy f\nd no "t = le>n+4  ,:ile 9 8      
s]vice1 x happ5$ t ! celebrat$          
li?otomi/1 ,cotot1 came to  ,laval to   
op]ate on "o ( ! cur's ecclesia/ical    
bre?r54  ,p> 0  pres5t at ! op]ation1 & 
0 s mu* int]e/$ by x t he is  said to h 
f t "t =m$ ! det]m9ation ( devot+       
himself  to ! art ( surg]y4    ,leav+ ! 
cur's h\sehold s]vice1 ,p> appr5tic$    
himself to a  b>b]-surgeon nam$ ,vialot1
 "u :om he le>nt to let blood1 draw     
tee?1 & p]=m ! m9or op]ations4  ,aft]   
f\r ye>s' exp]i5ce (  ?is k9d1 he w5t to
 ,p>is to /udy at ! s*ool ( anatomy &   
surg]y1 mean:ile ma9ta9+ himself by 8   

trade ( a b>b]4  ,he  aft]w>ds succe$$ 9
 obta9+ an appo9tm5t z assi/ant at !    
,htel ,dieu1 :]e 8 conduct 0 s exempl>y1
 & 8 progress s  m>k$1 t ! *ief surgeon1
 ,g\pil1 entru/$ him ) ! *>ge (  !      
pati5ts :om he c\ld n himself att5d to4 
,aft] ! usual c\rse  ( in/ruction1 ,p> 0
 admitt$ a ma/] b>b]-surgeon1 & %ortly  
aft] 0 appo9t$ to a *>ge ) ! ,fr5* army 
"u ,montmor5ci 9  ,pi$mont4  ,p> 0 n a  
man to foll[ 9 ! ord9>y ruts ( 8        
pr(ession1 b br\ght ! res\rces ( an     
ard5t & orig9al m9d to  be> ^u 8 daily  
"w1 dilig5tly ?9k+ out = himself !      
rationale ( diseases & _! befitt+       
rem$ies4  ,be=e 8 "t  ! w\nd$ suff]$ mu*
 m at ! h&s ( _! surgeons ?an !y  did at
 ^? ( _! enemies4  ,to /op ble$+ f      
gun%ot w\nds1 !  b>b>\s exp$i5t 0       
resort$ to ( dress+ !m ) boil+ oil4     
,hmorrhage 0 also /opp$ by se>+ ! w\nds 
) a r$-hot iron2  & :5 amputation 0     
necess>y1 x 0 p]=m$ ) a r$-hot knife4   
,at fir/ ,p> treat$ w\nds accord+ to !  
approv$ me?ods2 b1  =tunately1 on "o    

occasion1 runn+ %ort ( boil+ oil1 he    
sub/itut$ a mild & emolli5t application4
  ,he 0 9 great fe> all  night le/ he   
%\ld h done wrong 9 adopt+ ?is treatm5t2
 b 0  greatly reliev$ next morn+ on f9d+
 8 pati5ts comp>atively  com=table1 :ile
 ^? ^: w\nds _h be5 treat$ 9 ! usual way
  7 wri?+ 9 torm5t4  ,su* 0 ! casual    
orig9 ( "o ( ,p>'s  greate/ improvem5ts 
9 ! treatm5t ( gun-%ot w\nds2 & he      
proce$$ to adopt ! emolli5t treatm5t 9  
all future cases4  ,ano!r  /ill m       
important improvem5t 0 8 employm5t ( !  
ligature 9  ty+ art]ies to /op          
hmorrhage1 in/ead ( ! actual caut]y4    
,p>1  h[ev]1 met ) ! usual fate (       
innovators & re=m]s4  ,8  practice 0    
d5\nc$ by 8 surgical bre?r5 z dang]\s1  
unpr(essional1 & empirical2 & ! old]    
surgeons b&$ !mselves  toge!r to resi/  
its adoption4  ,!y reproa*$ him = 8 want
 (  education1 m especially = 8         
ignorance ( ,lat9 & ,greek2 & !y        
assail$ him ) quotations f anci5t       
writ]s1 :i* he 0 unable  ei!r to v]ify  

or refute4  ,b ! be/ answ] to 8         
assailants 0  ! success ( 8 practice4   
,! w\nd$ soldi]s call$ out ev]y:]e  =   
,p>1 & he 0 always at _! s]vice3 he t5d$
 !m c>efully  & affectionately2 & he    
usually took leave ( !m ) ! words1 8,i  
h dress$ y2 may ,god cure y40    ,aft]  
?ree ye>s' active s]vice z army-surgeon1
 ,p> return$ to ,p>is  ) su* a          
reputation t he 0 at once appo9t$       
surgeon 9 ord9>y  to ! ,k+4  ,:5 ,metz 0
 besieg$ by ! ,spani% army1 "u ,*>les   
,v41 ! g>rison suff]$ heavy loss1 & !   
numb] ( w\nd$ 0 v  great4  ,! surgeons 7
 few & incompet5t1 & probably slew m by 
_! bad treatm5t ?an ! ,spani>ds did by !
 sword4  ,! ,duke (  ,guise1 :o comm&$ !
 g>rison1 wrote to ! ,k+ implor+ him to 
s5d ,p> to 8 help4  ,! c\rage\s surgeon 
at once set out1 &1  aft] brav+ _m      
dang]s 7to use 8 own words1 8d'e/re     
p5du1  e/rangl ou mis en pices071 he    
succe$$ 9 pass+ ! enemy's l9es1  & ent]$
 ,metz 9 safety4  ,! ,duke1 ! g5]als1 & 
! capta9s  gave him an affectionate     

welcome2 :ile ! soldi]s1 :5 !y he>d (  8
 arrival1 cri$1 8,we no long] fe> dy+ ( 
our w\nds2 our fri5d is  among u40  ,9 !
 foll[+ ye> ,p> 0 9 l mann] ) !  besieg$
 9 ! t[n ( ,hesd91 :i* %ortly fell be=e 
! ,duke (  ,savoy1 & he 0 tak5 prison]4 
,b hav+ succe$$ 9 cur+ "o (  ! enemy's  
*ief (fic]s ( a s]i\s w\nd1 he 0 dis*>g$
 )\t  ransom1 & return$ 9 safety to     
,p>is4    ,! re/ ( 8 life 0 occupi$ 9   
/udy1 9 self-improvem5t1 9  piety1 & 9  
good de$s4  ,urg$ by "s ( ! mo/ le>n$   
among 8  contempor>ies1 he plac$ on     
record ! results ( 8 surgical  exp]i5ce1
 9 tw5ty-eight books1 :i* 7 publi%$ by  
him at  diff]5t times4  ,8 writ+s are   
valuable & rem>kable *iefly on  acc\nt (
 ! great numb] ( facts & cases conta9$ 9
 !m1 & !  c>e ) :i* he avoids giv+ any  
directions re/+ m]ely ^u  !ory          
unsupport$ by obs]vation4  ,p> cont9u$1 
?\gh a ,prote/ant1  to hold ! (fice (   
surgeon 9 ord9>y to ! ,k+2 & dur+ !     
,massacre ( ,/4 ,b>?olomew he ow$ 8 life
 to ! p]sonal fri5d%ip  ( ,*>les ,,ix41 

:om he _h on "o occasion sav$ f !       
dang]\s  effects ( a w\nd inflict$ by a 
clumsy surgeon 9 p]=m+ !  op]ation (    
v5esection4  ,brantme1 9 8 #8,mmoires1' 
?us speaks (  ! ,k+'s rescue ( ,p> on ! 
night ( ,sa9t ,b>?olomew--8,he s5t to   
fet* him1 & to rema9 dur+ ! night 9 8   
*amb] &  w>drobe-room1 comm&+ him n to  
/ir1 & say+ t x 0 n  reasonable t a man 
:o _h pres]v$ ! lives ( s _m p  %\ld    
himself be massacr$40  ,?us ,p> escap$ !
 horrors ( t  fe>ful night1 :i* he      
surviv$ = _m ye>s1 & 0 p]mitt$ to die  9
 peace1 full ( age & hon\rs4    ,h>vey 0
 z indefatigable a lab\r] z any we h    
nam$4  ,he sp5t  n less ?an eight long  
ye>s ( inve/igation & rese>* be=e he    
publi%$ 8 views ( ! circulation ( !     
blood4  ,he repeat$ &  v]ifi$ 8         
exp]im5ts aga9 & aga91 probably         
anticipat+ !  opposition he w\ld h to   
enc\nt] f ! pr(ession on mak+ kn[n  8   
discov]y4  ,! tract 9 :i* he at l5g?    
ann\nc$ 8 views1 0  a mo/ mode/ "o1--b  
simple1 p]spicu\s1 & conclusive4  ,x 0  

nev]!less receiv$ ) ridicule1 z !       
utt]ance ( a crack-bra9$  impo/or4  ,=  
"s "t1 he did n make a s+le conv]t1 &   
ga9$  no?+ b contumely & abuse4  ,he _h 
call$ 9 "q ! rev]$  au?ority ( !        
anci5ts2 & x 0 ev5 av]r$ t 8 views 7    
calculat$ to subv]t ! au?ority ( !      
,scriptures & und]m9e !  v f\ndations ( 
morality & religion4  ,8 little practice
 fell  away1 & he 0 left almo/ )\t a    
fri5d4  ,?is la/$ = "s  ye>s1 until !   
great tru?1 held fa/ by ,h>vey amid/ all
 8  adv]sity1 & :i* _h dropp$ into _m   
?\ghtful m9ds1 gradually  rip5$ by fur!r
 obs]vation1 & aft] a p]iod ( ab\t      
tw5ty-five  ye>s1 x became g5]ally      
recognis$ z an e/abli%$ sci5tific tru?4 
,! difficulties enc\nt]$ by ,dr4 ,j5n] 9
 promulgat+ &  e/abli%+ 8 discov]y (    
vacc9ation z a prev5tive ( small-pox1  7
 ev5 great] ?an ^? ( ,h>vey4  ,_m1 be=e 
him1 _h witness$  ! c[-pox1 & _h he>d ( 
! report curr5t among ! milkmaids 9     
,gl\ce/]%ire1 t :oev] _h tak5 t disease 
0 secure aga9/  small-pox4  ,x 0 a      

trifl+1 vulg> rum\r1 suppos$ to h no    
significance :atev]2 & no "o _h ?\ght x 
wor?y ( inve/igation1  until x 0        
accid5tally br\ght "u ! notice ( ,j5n]4 
,he 0 a  y\?1 pursu+ 8 /udies at        
,sodbury1 :5 8 att5tion 0 arre/$  by !  
casual obs]vation made by a c\ntry girl 
:o came to 8 ma/]'s  %op = advice4  ,!  
small-pox 0 m5tion$1 :5 ! girl said1 8,i
  c't take t disease1 = ,i h _h c[-pox40
  ,! obs]vation  imm$iately rivet$      
,j5n]'s att5tion1 & he =?) set ab\t     
inquir+ & mak+ obs]vations on ! subject4
  ,8 pr(essional  fri5ds1 to :om he     
m5tion$ 8 views z to ! prophylactic     
virtues (  c[-pox1 laugh$ at him1 & ev5 
?reat5$ to expel him f _!  society1 if  
he p]si/$ 9 h>ass+ !m ) ! subject4  ,9  
,london  he 0 s =tunate z to /udy "u    
,john ,hunt]1 to :om he  communicat$ 8  
views4  ,! advice ( ! great anatomi/ 0  
?or\ghly  *>act]i/ic3 8,don't ?9k1 b    
try2 be pati5t1 be accurate40  ,j5n]'s  
c\rage 0 support$ by ! advice1 :i*      
convey$ to him !  true art (            

philosophical inve/igation4  ,he w5t    
back to ! c\ntry to  practise 8         
pr(ession & make obs]vations &          
exp]im5ts1 :i* he  cont9u$ to pursue = a
 p]iod ( tw5ty ye>s4  ,8 fai? 9 8       
discov]y 0 s implicit t he vacc9at$ 8   
own son on ?ree sev]al  occasions4  ,at 
l5g? he publi%$ 8 views 9 a qu>to ( ab\t
 sev5ty  pages1 9 :i* he gave ! details 
( tw5ty-?ree cases ( successful         
vacc9ation ( individuals1 to :om x 0    
f\nd aft]w>ds impossible to  communicate
 ! small-pox ei!r by contagion or       
inoculation4  ,x 0 9  #agih t ?is       
treatise 0 publi%$2 ?\gh he _h be5 work+
 out 8  ideas s9ce ! ye> #agge1 :5 !y _h
 begun to assume a def9ite =m4    ,h[ 0 
! discov]y receiv$8  ,fir/ ) indiff]5ce1
 !n )  active ho/ility4  ,j5n] proce$$  
to ,london to exhibit to !  pr(ession ! 
process ( vacc9ation & its results2 b n 
a s+le  m$ical man c\ld be induc$ to    
make trial ( x1 & aft] fruitlessly      
wait+ = ne>ly ?ree mon?s1 he return$ to 
8 native village4  ,he  0 ev5 c>icatur$ 

& abus$ = 8 attempt to 8be/ialize0 8    
species by ! introduction into _! sy/ems
 ( diseas$ matt] f  ! c['s udd]4        
,vacc9ation 0 d5\nc$ f ! pulpit z       
8diabolical40  ,x 0 av]r$ t vacc9at$    
*ildr5 became 8ox-fac$10  t abscesses   
broke out to 8indicate spr\t+ horns10 & 
t !  c\nt5ance 0 gradually 8transmut$   
into ! visage ( a c[1 ! voice  into !   
bell[+ ( bulls40  ,vacc9ation1 h[ev]1 0 
a tru?1 &  not)/&+ ! viol5ce ( !        
opposition1 belief 9 x spread  sl[ly4   
,9 "o village1 :]e a g5tleman tri$ to   
introduce !  practice1 ! fir/ p]sons :o 
p]mitt$ !mselves to be vacc9at$  7      
absolutely pelt$ & driv5 into _! h\ses  
if !y appe>$ out  ( doors4  ,two ladies 
( title--,lady ,ducie & ! ,c\ntess (    
,b]keley--to  _! hon\r be x rememb]$--_h
 ! c\rage to vacc9ate _!  *ildr52 & !   
prejudices ( ! day 7 at once brok5      
?r\gh4  ,!  m$ical pr(ession gradually  
came r\nd1 & !re 7 sev]al :o ev5  s\ght 
to rob ,dr4 ,j5n] ( ! m]it ( ! discov]y1
 :5 its  importance came to be          

recognis$4  ,j5n]'s cause at la/        
triumph$1 &  he 0 publicly hon\r$ &     
rew>d$4  ,9 8 prosp]ity he 0 z  mode/ z 
he _h be5 9 8 obscurity4  ,he 0 invit$  
to settle 9  ,london1 & told t he might 
comm& a practice ( #aj1jjjl4 a ye>4  ,b 
8 answ] 01 8,no6  ,9 ! morn+ ( my days  
,i h s\ght !  seque/]$ & l[ly pa?s (    
life--! valley1 & n ! m\nta91--&  n[1 9 
! ev5+ ( my days1 x is n meet = me to   
hold myself up  z an object = =tune & = 
fame40  ,dur+ ,j5n]'s own life-"t  !    
practice ( vacc9ation became adopt$ all 
ov] ! civiliz$ _w2  & :5 he di$1 8 title
 z a ,b5efactor ( 8 k9d 0 recognis$  f> 
& wide4  ,cuvi] has said1 8,if vacc9e 7 
! only discov]y (  ! epo*1 x w\ld s]ve  
to r5d] x illu/ri\s = ev]2 yet x  knock$
 tw5ty times 9 va9 at ! doors ( !       
,academies40    ,n less pati5t1         
resolute1 & p]sev]+ 0 ,sir ,*>les ,bell 
9 !  prosecution ( 8 discov]ies relat+  
to ! n]v\s sy/em4  ,previ\s  to 8 "t1 ! 
mo/ confus$ notions prevail$ z to !     
functions (  ! n]ves1 & ?is bran* ( /udy

 0 little m advanc$ ?an x _h  be5 9 !   
times ( ,democritus & ,anaxagoras ?ree  
?\s& ye>s  be=e4  ,sir ,*>les ,bell1 9 !
 valuable s]ies ( pap]s !  publication (
 :i* 0 comm5c$ 9 #ahba1 took an entirely
 orig9al  view ( ! subject1 bas$ ^u a   
long s]ies ( c>eful1 accurate1 &        
(t-repeat$ exp]im5ts4  ,elaborately     
trac+ ! developm5t ( !  n]v\s sy/em up f
 ! l[e/ ord] ( animat$ be+1 to man--!   
"l ( ! animal k+dom1--he display$ x1 to 
use 8 own words1 8z  pla9ly z if x 7    
writt5 9 our "m-tongue40  ,8 discov]y   
consi/$ 9 ! fact1 t ! sp9al n]ves are   
d\ble 9 _!  function1 & arise by d\ble  
roots f ! sp9al m>r[1--volition  be+    
convey$ by t "p ( ! n]ves spr++ f ! "o  
root1  & s5sation by ! o!r4  ,! subject 
occupi$ ! m9d ( ,sir ,*>les  ,bell = a  
p]iod ( =ty ye>s1 :51 9 #ahdj1 he laid 8
 la/ pap]  be=e ! ,royal ,society4  ,z 9
 ! cases ( ,h>vey & ,j5n]1 :5 he  _h    
liv$ d[n ! ridicule & opposition ) :i* 8
 views 7  fir/ receiv$1 & _! tru? came  
to be recognis$1 num]\s claims  =       

priority 9 mak+ ! discov]y 7 set up at  
home & abroad4  ,l !m1 too1 he lo/      
practice by ! publication ( 8 pap]s2 &  
he  left x on record t1 aft] e /ep 9 8  
discov]y1 he 0 oblig$  to "w h>d] ?an   
ev] to pres]ve 8 reputation z a         
practition]4  ,! great m]its ( ,sir     
,*>les ,bell 71 h[ev]1 at l5g? fully    
recognis$2 & ,cuvi] himself1 :5 on 8    
dea?-b$1 f9d+ 8 face  di/ort$ & drawn to
 "o side1 po9t$ out ! symptom to 8      
att5dants z a pro( ( ! correctness (    
,sir ,*>les ,bell's !ory4    ,an equally
 devot$ pursu] ( ! same bran* ( sci5ce 0
 ! late ,dr4  ,m>%all ,hall1 ^: "n      
po/]ity w rank ) ^? ( ,h>vey1  ,hunt]1  
,j5n]1 & ,bell4  ,dur+ ! :ole c\rse ( 8 
long & useful  life he 0 a mo/ c>eful & 
m9ute obs]v]2 & no fact1 h[ev]  app>5tly
 insignificant1 escap$ 8 att5tion4  ,8  
important discov]y  ( ! dia/altic n]v\s 
sy/em1 by :i* 8 "n w long be kn[n       
among/ sci5tific m51 orig9at$ 9 an      
exce$+ly simple circum/ance4  ,:5       
inve/igat+ ! pneumonic circulation 9 !  

,triton1 !  decapitat$ object lay ^u !  
table2 & on sep>at+ ! tail &            
accid5tally prick+ ! ext]nal integum5t1 
he obs]v$ t x mov$  ) en]gy1 & became   
contort$ into v>i\s =ms4  ,he _h n t\*$ 
a muscle or a muscul> n]ve2 :at !n 0 !  
nature ( ^!  movem5ts8  ,! same ph5om5a 
_h probably be5 (t5 obs]v$ be=e1  b ,dr4
 ,hall 0 ! fir/ to apply himself        
p]sev]+ly to !  inve/igation ( _!       
causes2 & he exclaim$ on ! occasion1 8,i
 w  nev] re/ satisfi$ until ,i h f\nd   
all ?is out1 & made x cle>40  ,8        
att5tion to ! subject 0 almo/ incessant2
 & x is e/imat$  t 9 ! c\rse ( 8 life he
 devot$ n less ?an #be1jjj h\rs to  its 
exp]im5tal & *emical inve/igation4  ,he 
0 at ! same "t  c>ry+ on an ext5sive    
private practice1 & (ficiat+ z lectur]  
at  ,/4 ,?omas's ,hospital & o!r ,m$ical
 ,s*ools4  ,x w sc>cely be  cr$it$ t !  
pap] 9 :i* he embodi$ 8 discov]y 0      
reject$  by ! ,royal ,society1 & 0 only 
accept$ aft] ! lapse ( sev5te5  ye>s1 :5
 ! tru? ( 8 views _h become ackn[l$g$ by

 sci5tific  m5 bo? at home & abroad4    
,! life ( ,sir ,william ,h]s*el af=ds   
ano!r rem>kable illu/ration  ( ! =ce (  
p]sev]ance 9 ano!r bran* ( sci5ce4  ,8  
fa!r  0 a poor ,g]man musician1 :o      
br\ght up 8 f\r sons to ! same  call+4  
,william came ov] to ,engl& to seek 8   
=tune1 & he jo9$  ! b& ( ! ,durham      
,militia1 9 :i* he play$ ! oboe4  ,!    
regim5t 0 ly+ at ,donca/]1 :]e ,dr4     
,mill] fir/ became acqua9t$  ) ,h]s*el1 
hav+ he>d him p]=m a solo on ! viol9 9 a
  surpris+ mann]4  ,! ,doctor ent]$ into
 conv]sation ) ! y\?1  & 0 s pleas$ )   
him1 t he urg$ him to leave ! militia & 
take up 8 resid5ce at 8 h\se = a "t4    
,h]s*el did s1 &  :ile at ,donca/] 0    
pr9cipally occupi$ 9 viol9-play+ at     
conc]ts1 avail+ himself ( ! advantages (
 ,dr4 ,mill]'s libr>y to  /udy at 8     
leisure h\rs4  ,a new organ hav+ be5    
built = ! p>i%  *ur* ( ,halifax1 an     
organi/ 0 adv]tis$ =1 on :i* ,h]s*el    
appli$ = ! (fice1 & 0 select$4  ,lead+ !
 w&]+ life (  an arti/1 he 0 next       

attract$ to ,ba?1 :]e he play$ 9 !      
,pump-room b&1 & also (ficiat$ z organi/
 9 ! ,octagon *apel4  ,"s rec5t         
discov]ies 9 a/ronomy hav+ arre/$ 8 m9d1
 &  awak5$ 9 him a p[]ful _s (          
curiosity1 he s\ght & obta9$  f a fri5d 
! loan ( a two-foot ,gregorian          
telescope4  ,s fasc9at$  0 ! poor       
musician by ! sci5ce1 t he ev5 ?\ght (  
pur*as+  a telescope1 b ! price ask$ by 
! ,london optician 0 s al>m+1  t he     
det]m9$ to make "o4  ,^? :o "k :at a    
reflect+  telescope is1 & ! skill :i* is
 requir$ to prep>e ! concave  metallic  
speculum :i* =ms ! mo/ important "p ( ! 
app>atus1  w be able to =m "s idea ( !  
difficulty ( ?is und]tak+4  ,nev]!less1 
,h]s*el succe$$1 aft] long & pa9ful     
lab\r1 9  complet+ a five-foot          
reflector1 ) :i* he _h ! gratification (
  obs]v+ ! r+ & satellites ( ,saturn4   
,n satisfi$ ) 8  triumph1 he proce$$ to 
make o!r in/rum5ts 9 succession1 ( sev51
  t51 & ev5 tw5ty feet4  ,9 con/ruct+ ! 
sev5-foot reflector1 he  f9i%$ no few]  

?an two hundr$ specula be=e he produc$  
"o t  w\ld be> any p[] t 0 appli$ to    
x1--a /rik+ in/ance ( !  p]sev]+        
labori\sness ( ! man4  ,:ile gaug+ !    
heav5s ) 8  in/rum5ts1 he cont9u$       
pati5tly to e>n 8 bread by pip+ to !    
fa%ionable frequ5t]s ( ! ,pump-room4  ,s
 eag] 0 he 9 8  a/ronomical obs]vations1
 t he w\ld /eal away f ! room dur+  an  
int]val ( ! p]=mance1 give a little turn
 at 8 telescope1 &  cont5t$ly return to 
8 oboe4  ,?us work+ away1 ,h]s*el       
discov]$  ! ,georgium ,sidus1 ! orbit & 
rate ( motion ( :i* he c>efully         
calculat$1 & s5t ! result to ! ,royal   
,society2 :5 ! humble  oboe play] f\nd  
himself at once elevat$ f obscurity to  
fame4  ,he  0 %ortly aft] appo9t$       
,a/ronom] ,royal1 & by ! k9dness (      
,george ,,iii4 0 plac$ 9 a position (   
hon\rable compet5cy = life4  ,he bore 8 
hon\rs ) ! same meekness & humility :i* 
_h  di/+ui%$ him 9 ! days ( 8 obscurity4
  ,s g5tle & pati5t1  & )al s di/+ui%$ &
 successful a foll[] ( sci5ce "u        

difficulties1 p]haps _c be f\nd 9 !     
entire hi/ory ( biography4    ,! c>e] ( 
,william ,smi?1 ! fa!r ( ,engli%        
geology1 ?\gh  p]haps less kn[n1 is n   
less int]e/+ & in/ructive z an example  
( pati5t & labori\s ef=t1 & ! dilig5t   
cultivation (  opportunities4  ,he 0    
born 9 #agfi1 ! son ( a yeoman f>m] at  
,*ur*ill1 9 ,ox=d%ire4  ,8 fa!r dy+ :5  
he 0 b a *ild1 he  receiv$ a v sp>+     
education at ! village s*ool1 & ev5 t  0
 to a consid]able ext5t int]f]$ ) by 8  
w&]+ &  some:at idle habits z a boy4  ,8
 "m hav+ m>ri$ a second "t1  he 0 tak5 9
 *>ge by an uncle1 also a f>m]1 by :om  
he 0 br\ght  up4  ,?\gh ! uncle 0 by no 
means pleas$ ) ! boy's love (  w&]+     
ab\t1 collect+ 8p\nd/ones10 8pundips10 &
 o!r /ony  curiosities :i* lay scatt]$  
ab\t ! adjo9+ l&1 he yet enabl$  him to 
pur*ase a few ( ! necess>y books :]e) to
 in/ruct  himself 9 ! rudim5ts (        
geometry & survey+2 = ! boy 0  already  
de/9$ = ! bus9ess ( a l&-surveyor4  ,"o 
( 8 m>k$  *>act]i/ics1 ev5 z a y\?1 0 ! 

accuracy & ke5ness ( 8  obs]vation2 &   
:at he once cle>ly saw he nev] =got4    
,he began to  draw1 attempt$ to col\r1 &
 practis$ ! arts ( m5suration &         
survey+1 all )\t regul> in/ruction2 & by
 8 ef=ts 9  self-culture1 he %ortly     
became s pr(ici5t1 t he 0 tak5 on z     
assi/ant to a local surveyor ( ability 9
 ! neighb\rhood4  ,9  c>ry+ on 8 bus9ess
 he 0 con/antly "u ! necessity (        
trav]s+ ,ox=d%ire & ! adjo9+ c\nties4   
,"o ( ! fir/  ?+s he s]i\sly pond]$ ov]1
 0 ! position ( ! v>i\s soils  & /rata t
 came "u 8 notice on ! l&s :i* he       
survey$ or  travell$ ov]2 m especially !
 position ( ! r$ e>? 9 reg>d  to ! lias 
& sup]9cumb5t rocks4  ,! surveys (      
num]\s colli]ies  :i* he 0 call$ ^u to  
make1 gave him fur!r exp]i5ce2 &        
already1 :5 only tw5ty-?ree ye>s ( age1 
he contemplat$ mak+ a  model ( ! /rata (
 ! e>?4    ,:ile engag$ 9 levell+ = a   
propos$ canal 9 ,gl\ce/]%ire1 !  idea ( 
a g5]al law occurr$ to him relat+ to !  
/rata ( t  di/rict4  ,he conceiv$ t !   

/rata ly+ above ! coal 7 n  laid        
horizontally1 b incl9$1 & 9 "o          
direction1 t[>ds ! ea/2  resembl+1 on a 
l>ge scale1 8! ord9>y appe>ance (       
sup]pos$  slices ( bread & butt]40  ,!  
correctness ( ?is !ory he %ortly  aft]  
confirm$ by obs]vations ( ! /rata 9 two 
p>allel valleys1  ! 8r$ gr\nd10 8lias10 
& 8free/one0 or 8oolite10 be+ f\nd to   
come d[n 9 an ea/]n direction1 & to s9k 
bel[ ! level1 yield+  place to ! next 9 
succession4  ,he 0 %ortly enabl$ to     
v]ify !  tru? ( 8 views on a l>g] scale1
 hav+ be5 appo9t$ to exam9e  p]sonally  
into ! managem5t ( canals 9 ,engl& &    
,wales4  ,dur+  8 j\rneys1 :i* ext5d$ f 
,ba? to ,newca/le-on-,tyne1 return+ by  
,%rop%ire & ,wales1 8 ke5 eyes 7 nev]   
idle = a mom5t4  ,he  rapidly not$ !    
aspect & /ructure ( ! c\ntry ?r\gh :i*  
he  pass$ ) 8 companions1 treasur+ up 8 
obs]vations = future  use4  ,8 geologic 
vision 0 s acute1 t ?\gh ! road along   
:i*  he pass$ f ,york to ,newca/le 9 !  
po/ *aise 0 f five to  fifte5 miles     

di/ant f ! hills ( *alk & oolite on !   
ea/1 he  0 satisfi$ z to _! nature1 by  
_! cont\rs & relative  position1 & _!   
ranges on ! surface 9 relation to ! lias
 &  8r$ gr\nd0 occasionally se5 on !    
road4    ,! g5]al results ( 8 obs]vation
 seem to h be5 ^!4  ,he not$  t ! rocky 
masses ( c\ntry 9 ! we/]n p>ts ( ,engl& 
g5]ally incl9$ to ! ea/ & s\?-ea/2 t !  
r$ s&/ones  & m>ls above ! coal measures
 pass$ b5ea? ! lias1 clay1 &  lime/one1 
t ^! aga9 pass$ b5ea? ! s&s1 yell[      
lime/ones  & clays1 =m+ ! table-l& ( !  
,cotswold ,hills1 :ile ^! 9  turn pass$ 
b5ea? ! great *alk deposits occupy+ !   
ea/]n p>ts  ( ,engl&4  ,he fur!r obs]v$1
 t ea* lay] ( clay1 s&1 &  lime/one held
 its own peculi> classes ( fossils2 &   
pond]+ mu* on  ^! ?+s1 he at l5g? came  
to ! !n unhe>d-( conclusion1 t  ea*     
di/9ct deposit ( m>9e animals1 9 ^!     
sev]al /rata1  indicat$ a di/9ct        
sea-bottom1 & t ea* lay] ( clay1 s&1    
*alk1 & /one1 m>k$ a di/9ct epo* ( "t 9 
! hi/ory ( !  e>?4    ,?is idea took    

firm possession ( 8 m9d1 & he c\ld talk 
& ?9k  ( no?+ else4  ,at canal bo>ds1 at
 %eep-%e>+s1 at c\nty  meet+s1 & at     
agricultural associations1 #8,/rata     
,smi?1' z he came to  be call$1 0 always
 runn+ ov] ) ! subject t possess$ him4  
,he _h inde$ made a great discov]y1 ?\gh
 he 0 z yet a man utt]ly  unkn[n 9 !    
sci5tific _w4  ,he proce$$ to project a 
map ( !  /ratification ( ,engl&2 b 0 =  
"s "t det]r$ f proce$+  ) x1 be+ fully  
occupi$ 9 c>ry+ out ! works ( !         
,som]set%ire coal canal1 :i* engag$ him 
= a p]iod ( ab\t six  ye>s4  ,he        
cont9u$1 nev]!less1 to be unremitt+ 9 8 
obs]vation  ( facts2 & he became s exp]t
 9 appreh5d+ ! int]nal /ructure  ( a    
di/rict & detect+ ! lie ( ! /rata f its 
ext]nal  configuration1 t he 0 (t5      
consult$ respect+ ! dra9age (  ext5sive 
tracts ( l&1 9 :i*1 guid$ by 8          
geological k1  he prov$ rem>kably       
successful1 & acquir$ an ext5sive       
reputation4    ,"o day1 :5 look+ ov] !  
cab9et collection ( fossils belong+ to  

! ,rev4 ,samuel ,ri*>dson1 at ,ba?1     
,smi? a/oni%$ 8 fri5d by  sudd5ly       
dis>rang+ 8 classification1 & re-arrang+
 ! fossils 9  _! /ratigraphical ord]1   
say+--8,^! came f ! blue lias1 ^!  f !  
ov]-ly+ s& & free/one1 ^! f ! full]'s   
e>?1  & ^! f ! ,ba? build+ /one40  ,a   
new light fla%$ ^u ,mr4  ,ri*>dson's    
m9d1 & he %ortly became a conv]t to &   
believ] 9  ,william ,smi?'s doctr9e4  ,!
 geologi/s ( ! day 7 n1 h[ev]1  s easily
 conv9c$2 & x 0 sc>cely to be tol]at$ t 
an unkn[n  l&-surveyor %\ld pret5d to   
tea* !m ! sci5ce ( geology4  ,b         
,william ,smi? _h an eye & m9d to       
p5etrate deep b5ea? ! sk9 (  ! e>?2 he  
saw its v fibre & skeleton1 &1 z x 71   
div9$  its organization4  ,8 k ( ! /rata
 9 ! neighb\rhood (  ,ba? 0 s accurate1 
t "o ev5+1 :5 d9+ at ! h\se ( !  ,rev4  
,joseph ,t[ns5d1 he dictat$ to ,mr4     
,ri*>dson ! diff]5t /rata  accord+ to _!
 ord] ( succession 9 desc5d+ ord]1      
tw5ty-?ree  9 numb]1 comm5c+ ) ! *alk & 
desc5d+ 9 cont9u\s s]ies  d[n to ! coal1

 bel[ :i* ! /rata 7 n !n suffici5tly    
det]m9$4  ,to ?is 0 add$ a li/ ( ! m    
rem>kable fossils  :i* _h be5 ga!r$ 9 ! 
sev]al lay]s ( rock4  ,?is 0 pr9t$  &   
ext5sively circulat$ 9 #ahja4    ,he    
next det]m9$ to trace out ! /rata ?r\gh 
di/ricts z remote  f ,ba? z 8 means w\ld
 enable him to rea*4  ,= ye>s he j\rney$
  to & fro1 sometimes on foot1 sometimes
 on horseback1 rid+ on ! tops  ( /age   
coa*es1 (t5 mak+ up by night-travell+ ! 
"t he _h  lo/ by day1 s z n to fail 9 8 
ord9>y bus9ess engagem5ts4  ,:5 he 0    
pr(essionally call$ away to any di/ance 
f home--z1 =  in/ance1 :5 travell+ f    
,ba? to ,holkham1 9 ,norfolk1 to direct 
!  irrigation & dra9age ( ,mr4 ,coke's  
l& 9 t c\nty--he rode on  horseback1    
mak+ frequ5t det\rs f ! road to note !  
geological  features ( ! c\ntry :i* he  
trav]s$4    ,= sev]al ye>s he 0 ?us     
engag$ 9 8 j\rneys to di/ant qu>t]s  9  
,engl& & ,irel&1 to ! ext5t ( upw>ds (  
t5 ?\s& miles  ye>ly2 & x 0 amid/ ?is   
incessant & labori\s travell+1 t  he    

contriv$ to commit to pap] 8 fa/-gr[+   
g5]alizations on :at  he rightly reg>d$ 
z a new sci5ce4  ,no obs]vation1 h[soev]
 trivial  x might appe>1 0 neglect$1 &  
no opportunity ( collect+ fre%  facts 0 
ov]look$4  ,:5ev] he c\ld1 he possess$  
himself ( records  ( bor+s1 natural &   
artificial sections1 drew !m to a       
con/ant  scale ( eight y>ds to ! in*1 & 
col\r$ !m up4  ,( 8 ke5ness  (          
obs]vation take ! foll[+ illu/ration4   
,:5 mak+ "o ( 8  geological excursions  
ab\t ! c\ntry ne> ,woburn1 z he 0 draw+ 
ne> to ! foot ( ! ,dun/able *alk hills1 
he obs]v$ to 8  companion1 8,if !re be  
any brok5 gr\nd ab\t ! foot ( ^! hills1 
we may f9d %>k's tee?20 & !y _h n       
proce$$ f>1 be=e !y  pick$ up six f !   
:ite bank ( a new f5ce-dit*4  ,z he     
aft]w>ds  said ( himself1 8,! habit (   
obs]vation crept on me1 ga9$ a          
settlem5t 9 my m9d1 became a con/ant    
associate ( my life1 &  />t$ up 9       
activity at ! fir/ ?\ght ( a j\rney2 s t
 ,i  g5]ally w5t (f well prep>$ ) maps1 

& sometimes )  contemplations on its    
objects1 or on ^? on ! road1 r$uc$ to   
writ+ be=e x comm5c$4  ,my m9d 01 !re=e1
 l ! canvas (  a pa9t]1 well prep>$ = ! 
fir/ & be/ impressions40    ,not)/&+ 8  
c\rage\s & indefatigable indu/ry1 _m    
circum/ances contribut$ to prev5t !     
promis$ publication ( ,william  ,smi?'s 
#8,map ( ! ,/rata ( ,engl& & ,wales1' & 
x 0 n until  #ahad t he 0 enabl$1 by !  
assi/ance ( "s fri5ds1 to give to  ! _w 
! fruits ( 8 tw5ty ye>s' incessant      
lab\r4  ,to prosecute  8 inquiries1 &   
collect ! ext5sive s]ies ( facts &      
obs]vations  requisite = 8 purpose1 he  
_h to exp5d ! :ole ( ! pr(its (  8      
pr(essional lab\rs dur+ t p]iod2 & he   
ev5 sold (f 8  small prop]ty to provide 
! means ( visit+ remot] p>ts ( !  isl&4 
,mean:ile he _h ent]$ on a qu>ry+       
speculation ne> ,ba?1  :i* prov$        
unsuccessful1 & he 0 "u ! necessity (   
sell+ 8  geological collection 7:i* 0   
pur*as$ by ! ,briti% ,museum71 8        
furniture & libr>y1 res]v+ only 8 pap]s1

 maps1 & sections1  :i* 7 useless save  
to himself4  ,he bore 8 losses &        
mis=tunes  ) exempl>y =titude2 & amid/  
all1 he w5t on work+ )  *e]ful c\rage & 
untir+ pati5ce4  ,he di$ at ,nor?ampton1
 9  ,augu/1 #ahci1 :ile on 8 way to     
att5d ! meet+ ( ! ,briti%  ,association 
at ,birm+ham4    ,x is difficult to     
speak 9 t]ms ( too high praise ( ! fir/ 
geological map ( ,engl&1 :i* we owe to !
 indu/ry ( ?is  c\rage\s man ( sci5ce4  
,an accompli%$ writ] says ( x1 8,x 0 a  
"w s ma/]ly 9 conception & s correct 9  
g5]al outl9e1 t 9  pr9ciple x s]v$ z a  
basis n only = ! production ( lat] maps 
( ! ,briti% ,isl&s1 b = geological maps 
( all o!r p>ts ( !  _w1 :]ev] !y h be5  
und]tak54  ,9 ! ap>tm5ts ( !            
,geological ,society ,smi?'s map may yet
 be se5--a great hi/orical  docum5t1 old
 & worn1 call+ = r5ewal ( its fad$ t9ts4
  ,let any  "o conv]sant ) ! subject    
comp>e x ) lat] works on a simil>       
scale1 & he w f9d t 9 all ess5tial      
features x w n suff]  by ! comp>ison--! 

intricate anatomy ( ! ,silurian rocks ( 
,wales  & ! nor? ( ,engl& by ,mur*ison &
 ,s$gwick be+ ! *ief  additions made to 
8 great g5]alizations40 #adi  ,! g5ius (
 !  ,ox=d%ire surveyor did n fail to be 
duly recognis$ & hon\r$ by  m5 ( sci5ce 
dur+ 8 lifetime4  ,9 #ahca ! ,geological
 ,society (  ,london aw>d$ to him !     
,wolla/on m$al1 89 consid]ation ( 8 be+ 
a great orig9al discov]] 9 ,engli%      
geology1 & especially = 8  be+ ! fir/ 9 
?is c\ntry to discov] & to tea* !       
id5tification ( /rata1 & to det]m9e _!  
succession by means (  _! imb$d$        
fossils40  ,william ,smi?1 9 8 simple1  
e>ne/ way1  ga9$ = himself a "n z la/+ z
 ! sci5ce he lov$ s well4  ,to  use !   
words ( ! writ] above quot$1 8,till !   
mann] z well z !  fact ( ! fir/         
appe>ance ( successive =ms ( life %all  
be solv$1  x is n easy to surmise h[ any
 discov]y c be made 9 geology equal  9  
value to t :i* we owe to ! g5ius (      
,william ,smi?40    ,hugh ,mill] 0 a man
 ( l obs]vant faculties1 :o /udi$       

lit]ature  z well z sci5ce ) zeal &     
success4  ,! book 9 :i* he has told  !  
/ory ( 8 life1 7#8,my ,s*ools &         
,s*oolma/]s'71 is extremely  int]e/+1 & 
calculat$ to be em95tly useful4  ,x is !
 hi/ory (  ! =mation ( a truly noble "* 
9 ! humble/ condition (  life2 &        
inculcates mo/ p[]fully ! lessons (     
self-help1  self-respect1 &             
self-dep5d5ce4  ,:ile ,hugh 0 b a *ild1 
8  fa!r1 :o 0 a sailor1 0 dr[n$ at sea1 
& he 0 br\ght up by  8 wid[$ "m4  ,he _h
 a s*ool tra9+ aft] a sort1 b 8 be/     
tea*]s 7 ! boys ) :om he play$1 ! m5    
among/ :om he  work$1 ! fri5ds &        
relatives ) :om he liv$4  ,he read mu* &
  miscellane\sly1 & pick$ up odd sorts (
 k f _m  qu>t]s1--f workm51 c>p5t]s1    
fi%]m5 & sailors1 & above all1  f ! old 
b\ld]s /rew$ along ! %ores ( ! ,crom>ty 
,fri?4  ,) a big hamm] :i* _h belong$ to
 8 great-gr&fa!r1 an old  buccane]1 !   
boy w5t ab\t *ipp+ ! /ones1 & accumulat+
  specim5s ( mica1 porphyry1 g>net1 &   
su* l4  ,sometimes he _h a  day 9 !     

woods1 & !re1 too1 ! boy's att5tion 0   
excit$ by !  peculi> geological         
curiosities :i* came 9 8 way4  ,:ile    
se>*+  among ! rocks on ! bea*1 he 0    
sometimes ask$1 9 irony1 by !  f>m      
s]vants :o came to load _! c>ts )       
sea-we$1 :e!r he 80  gett9' sill] 9 !   
/anes10 b 0 s unlucky z nev] to be able 
to  answ] 9 ! affirmative4  ,:5 ( a     
suitable age he 0 appr5tic$ to  ! trade 
( 8 *oice--t ( a work+ /onemason2 & he  
began 8  lab\r+ c>e] 9 a qu>ry look+ out
 ^u ! ,crom>ty ,fri?4  ,?is  qu>ry prov$
 "o ( 8 be/ s*ools4  ,! rem>kable       
geological  =mations :i* x display$     
awak5$ 8 curiosity4  ,! b> (  deep-r$   
/one b5ea?1 & ! b> ( pale-r$ clay above1
 7 not$ by  ! "y qu>ryman1 :o ev5 9 su* 
unpromis+ subjects f\nd matt]  =        
obs]vation & reflection4  ,:]e o!r m5   
saw no?+1 he detect$  analogies1        
diff]5ces1 & peculi>ities1 :i* set him  
a-?9k+4  ,he  simply kept 8 eyes & 8 m9d
 op52 0 sob]1 dilig5t1 &  p]sev]+2 & ?is
 0 ! secret ( 8 intellectual gr[?4    ,8

 curiosity 0 excit$ & kept alive by !   
curi\s organic rema9s1  pr9cipally ( old
 & ext9ct species ( fi%es1 f]ns1 &      
ammonites1  :i* 7 reveal$ along ! coa/  
by ! wa%+s ( ! waves1 or 7  expos$ by ! 
/roke ( 8 mason's hamm]4  ,he nev] lo/  
sight ( !  subject2 b w5t on accumulat+ 
obs]vations & comp>+ =mations1  until at
 l5g?1 _m ye>s aft]w>ds1 :5 no long] a  
work+ mason1  he gave to ! _w 8 highly  
int]e/+ "w on ! ,old ,r$  ,s&/one1 :i*  
at once e/abli%$ 8 reputation z a       
sci5tific  geologi/4  ,b ?is "w 0 !     
fruit ( long ye>s ( pati5t  obs]vation &
 rese>*4  ,z he mode/ly /ates 9 8       
autobiography1  8! only m]it to :i* ,i  
lay claim 9 ! case is t ( pati5t        
rese>*--a m]it 9 :i* :oev] wills may    
rival or surpass me2 & ?is  humble      
faculty ( pati5ce1 :5 rightly develop$1 
may lead to m  extraord9>y developm5ts (
 idea ?an ev5 g5ius itself40    ,! late 
,john ,br[n1 ! em95t ,engli% geologi/1  
01 l ,mill]1 a  /onemason 9 8 e>ly life1
 s]v+ an appr5tice%ip to ! trade at     

,col*e/]1 & aft]w>ds work+ z a j\rneyman
 mason at ,norwi*4  ,he  began bus9ess z
 a build] on 8 own acc\nt at ,col*e/]1  
:]e by  frugality & indu/ry he secur$ a 
compet5cy4  ,x 0 :ile work+ at  8 trade 
t 8 att5tion 0 fir/ drawn to ! /udy (   
fossils &  %ells2 & he proce$$ to make a
 collection ( !m1 :i* aft]w>ds  grew    
into "o ( ! f9e/ 9 ,engl&4  ,8 rese>*es 
along ! coa/s  ( ,essex1 ,k5t1 & ,sussex
 br\ght to light "s magnific5t rema9s ( 
! elephant & rh9oc]os1 ! mo/ valuable ( 
:i* 7 pres5t$ by  him to ! ,briti%      
,museum4  ,dur+ ! la/ few ye>s ( 8 life 
he  devot$ consid]able att5tion to !    
/udy ( ! ,=am9if]a 9 *alk1  respect+ :i*
 he made sev]al int]e/+ discov]ies4  ,8 
life 0  useful1 happy1 & hon\r$2 & he   
di$ at ,/anway1 9 ,essex1 9  ,novemb]   
#ahei1 at ! ripe age ( eighty ye>s4     
,n long ago1 ,sir ,rod]ick ,mur*ison    
discov]$ at ,?urso1 9 ! f>  nor? (      
,scotl&1 a pr(\nd geologi/1 9 ! p]son ( 
a bak] !re1  nam$ ,rob]t ,dick4  ,:5    
,sir ,rod]ick call$ ^u him at ! bakeh\se

 9  :i* he bak$ & e>n$ 8 bread1 ,rob]t  
,dick del9eat$ to him1 by  means ( fl\r 
^u ! bo>d1 ! geographical features &    
geological  ph5om5a ( 8 native c\nty1   
po9t+ out ! imp]fections 9 !  exi/+     
maps1 :i* he _h asc]ta9$ by travell+ ov]
 ! c\ntry 9  8 leisure h\rs4  ,on fur!r 
inquiry1 ,sir ,rod]ick asc]ta9$ t !     
humble individual be=e him 0 n only a   
capital bak] & geologi/1  b a fir/-rate 
botani/4  8,i f\nd10 said ! ,presid5t ( 
!  ,geographical ,society1 8to my great 
humiliation t ! bak] knew  inf9itely m (
 botanical sci5ce1 ay1 t5 times m1 ?an  
,i did2 &  t !re 7 only "s tw5ty or     
?irty specim5s ( fl[]s :i* he  _h n     
collect$4  ,"s he _h obta9$ z pres5ts1  
"s he _h  pur*as$1 b ! great] portion _h
 be5 accumulat$ by 8 indu/ry1  9 8      
native c\nty ( ,cai?ness2 & ! specim5s 7
 all arrang$ 9  ! mo/ beautiful ord]1 ) 
_! sci5tific names affix$40    ,sir     
,rod]ick ,mur*ison himself is an        
illu/ri\s foll[] ( ^! &  k9dr$ bran*es (
 sci5ce4  ,a writ] 9 ! #8,qu>t]ly       

,review' cites  him z a 8s+ul> in/ance (
 a man :o1 hav+ pass$ ! e>ly "p (  8    
life z a soldi]1 nev] hav+ _h !         
advantage1 or disadvantage z  ! case    
might h be51 ( a sci5tific tra9+1 in/ead
 ( rema9+  a fox-hunt+ c\ntry g5tleman1 
has succe$$ by 8 own native vig\r  &    
sagacity1 untir+ indu/ry & zeal1 9 mak+ 
= himself a  sci5tific reputation t is z
 wide z x is likely to be la/+4  ,he    
took fir/ ( all an unexplor$ & difficult
 di/rict at home1 &1 by  ! lab\r ( _m   
ye>s1 exam9$ its rock-=mations1 class$  
!m 9  natural gr\ps1 assign$ to ea* its 
*>act]i/ic assemblage (  fossils1 & 0 ! 
fir/ to deciph] two great *apt]s 9 !    
_w's  geological hi/ory1 :i* mu/ always 
h5ce=? c>ry 8 "n on _!  title-page4  ,n 
only s1 b he appli$ ! k ?us acquir$ to  
! dissection ( l>ge di/ricts1 bo? at    
home & abroad1 s z to  become !         
geological discov]] ( great c\ntries :i*
 _h =m]ly  be5 #8t]r incognit4'0  ,b    
,sir ,rod]ick ,mur*ison is n m]ely a    
geologi/4  ,8 indefatigable lab\rs 9 _m 

bran*es ( k h  contribut$ to r5d] him   
among ! mo/ accompli%$ & complete (     
sci5tific m54          ,,*apt] ,,vi4    
,,work]s ,,9 ,,art4          8,if :at   
%one af> s gr&1      ,turn to no?+ 9 ?y 
h&1      ,on aga92 ! virtue lies      ,9
 /ruggle1 n ! prize40--,r4 ,m4 ,milnes4 
8,excelle1 et tu vivras40--,j\b]t4      
,,excell5ce 9 art1 z 9 ev]y?+ else1 c   
only be a*iev$ by d9t (  pa9/ak+ lab\r4 
,!re is no?+ less accid5tal ?an ! pa9t+ 
( a f9e picture or  ! *isell+ ( a noble 
/atue4  ,e skill$ t\* ( ! arti/'s  bru% 
or *isel1 ?\gh guid$ by g5ius1 is !     
product ( unremitt+  /udy4    ,sir      
,jo%ua ,reynolds 0 su* a believ] 9 ! =ce
 ( indu/ry1 t he  held t arti/ic        
excell5ce1 8h[ev] express$ by g5ius1    
ta/e1 or  ! gift ( heav51 may be        
acquir$40  ,writ+ to ,b>ry he said1     
8,:oev]  is resolv$ to excel 9 pa9t+1 or
 inde$ any o!r art1 mu/ br+ all  8 m9d  
to be> ^u t "o object f ! mom5t t he    
rises till  he goes to b$40  ,& on ano!r
 occasion he said1 8,^? :o are  resolv$ 

to excel mu/ g to _! "w1 will+ or       
unwill+1 morn+1  noon1 & night3 !y w f9d
 x no play1 b v h>d lab\r40  ,b  al?\gh 
dilig5t application is no d\bt          
absolutely necess>y = !  a*ievem5t ( !  
highe/ di/9ction 9 art1 x is equally    
true t  )\t ! inborn g5ius1 no am\nt (  
m]e indu/ry1 h[ev] well  appli$1 w make 
an arti/4  ,! gift comes by nature1 b is
 p]fect$  by self-culture1 :i* is ( m   
avail ?an all ! imp>t$ education  ( !   
s*ools4    ,"s ( ! greate/ arti/s h _h  
to =ce _! way upw>d 9 !  face ( pov]ty &
 manifold ob/ructions4  ,illu/ri\s      
in/ances w at  once fla% ^u ! read]'s   
m9d4  ,claude ,lorra9e1 ! pa/rycook2    
,t9toretto1 ! dy]2 ! two ,c>avaggios1 ! 
"o a col\r-gr9d]1 !  o!r a mort>-c>ri]  
at ! ,vatican2 ,salvator ,rosa1 !       
associate (  b&its2 ,giotto1 ! peasant  
boy2 ,z+>o1 ! gipsy2 ,cav$one1 turn$    
out ( doors to beg by 8 fa!r2 ,canova1 !
 /one-cutt]2 ^!1 &  _m o!r well-kn[n    
arti/s1 succe$$ 9 a*iev+ di/9ction by   
sev]e /udy & lab\r1 "u circum/ances !   

mo/ adv]se4    ,nor h ! mo/ di/+ui%$    
arti/s ( our own c\ntry be5 born 9 a    
position ( life m ?an ord9>ily fav\rable
 to ! culture (  arti/ic g5ius4         
,ga9sbor\gh & ,bacon 7 ! sons (         
clo?-work]s2  ,b>ry 0 an ,iri% sailor   
boy1 & ,maclise a bank]'s appr5tice at  
,cork2  ,opie & ,romney1 l ,inigo       
,jones1 7 c>p5t]s2 ,we/ 0 ! son ( a     
small ,quak] f>m] 9 ,p5nsylvania2       
,nor?cote 0 a wat*mak]1 ,jackson  a     
tailor1 & ,etty a pr9t]2 ,reynolds1     
,wilson1 & ,wilkie1 7 ! sons  ( cl]gym52
 ,lawr5ce 0 ! son ( a publican1 & ,turn]
 ( a b>b]4  ,sev]al ( our pa9t]s1 x is  
true1 orig9ally _h "s connection )  art1
 ?\gh 9 a v humble way1--su* z ,flaxman1
 ^: fa!r sold  pla/] ca/s2 ,bird1 :o    
ornam5t$ tea-trays2 ,m>t91 :o 0 a       
coa*-pa9t]2 ,wright & ,gilp91 :o 7      
%ip-pa9t]s2 ,*antrey1 :o  0 a c>v] &    
gild]2 & ,david ,cox1 ,/anfield1 &      
,rob]ts1 :o 7  sc5e-pa9t]s4    ,x 0 n by
 luck or accid5t t ^! m5 a*iev$         
di/9ction1 b  by %e] indu/ry & h>d "w4  

,?\gh "s a*iev$ weal?1 yet ?is  0 r>ely1
 if ev]1 ! rul+ motive4  ,inde$1 no m]e 
love ( money  c\ld su/a9 ! ef=ts ( !    
arti/ 9 8 e>ly c>e] (  self-d5ial &     
application4  ,! pleasure ( ! pursuit   
has always be5  its be/ rew>d2 ! weal?  
:i* foll[$ b an accid5t4  ,_m           
noble-m9d$ arti/s h pref]r$ foll[+ ! b5t
 ( _! g5ius1  to *aff]+ ) ! public =    
t]ms4  ,spagnoletto v]ifi$ 9 8  life !  
beautiful fiction ( ,x5ophon1 & aft] he 
_h acquir$ !  means ( luxury1 pref]r$   
)draw+ himself f _! influ5ce1 &         
volunt>ily return$ to pov]ty & lab\r4   
,:5 ,mi*ael ,angelo 0  ask$ 8 op9ion    
respect+ a "w :i* a pa9t] _h tak5 great 
pa9s  to exhibit = pr(it1 he said1 8,i  
?9k t he w be a poor fell[ s  long z he 
%[s su* an extreme eag]ness to become   
ri*40    ,l ,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds1      
,mi*ael ,angelo 0 a great believ] 9 !   
=ce ( lab\r2 & he held t !re 0 no?+ :i* 
! imag9ation  conceiv$1 t c\ld n be     
embodi$ 9 m>ble1 if ! h& 7 made         
vigor\sly to obey ! m9d4  ,he 0 himself 

"o ( ! mo/  indefatigable ( work]s2 & he
 attribut$ 8 p[] ( /udy+ = a  great]    
numb] ( h\rs ?an mo/ ( 8 contempor>ies1 
to 8 sp>e  habits ( liv+4  ,a little    
bread & w9e 0 all he requir$ = !  *ief  
"p ( ! day :5 employ$ at 8 "w2 & v      
frequ5tly he  rose 9 ! middle ( ! night 
to resume 8 lab\rs4  ,on ^!  occasions1 
x 0 8 practice to fix ! c&le1 by ! light
 ( :i*  he *isell$1 on ! summit ( a     
pa/e-bo>d cap :i* he wore4  ,sometimes  
he 0 too we>i$ to undress1 & he slept 9 
8 clo!s1  ready to spr+ to 8 "w s soon z
 refre%$ by sleep4  ,he _h a  fav\rite  
device ( an old man 9 a g-c>t1 ) an     
h\r-glass ^u x  be>+ ! inscription1     
,ancora imp>o6  ,/ill ,i am le>n+4      
,titian1 also1 0 an indefatigable work]4
  ,8 celebrat$ 8,pietro  ,m>tire0 0     
eight ye>s 9 h&1 & 8 8,la/ ,supp]0 sev54
  ,9 8  lett] to ,*>les ,v4 he said1 8,i
 s5d y\r ,maje/y ! #8,la/ ,supp]'  aft] 
work+ at x almo/ daily = sev5 ye>s--dopo
 sette anni  lavor&ovi quasi            
cont9uam5te40  ,few ?9k ( ! pati5t lab\r

 &  long tra9+ involv$ 9 ! greate/ works
 ( ! arti/4  ,!y seem  easy & quickly   
accompli%$1 yet ) h[ great difficulty   
has ?is  ease be5 acquir$4  8,y *>ge me 
fifty sequ9s10 said ! ,v5etian  nobleman
 to ! sculptor1 8= a bu/ t co/ y only t5
 days'  lab\r40  8,y =get10 said !      
arti/1 8t ,i h be5 ?irty ye>s  le>n+ to 
make t bu/ 9 t5 days40  ,once :5        
,dom5i*9o 0  blam$ = 8 sl[ness 9 f9i%+ a
 picture :i* 0 bespok51 he  made answ]1 
8,i am cont9ually pa9t+ x )9 myself40   
,x 0  em95tly *>act]i/ic ( ! indu/ry ( !
 late ,sir ,augu/us  ,callcott1 t he    
made n few] ?an =ty sep>ate sket*es 9 ! 
composition ( 8 fam\s picture (         
8,ro*e/]40  ,?is con/ant  repetition is 
"o ( ! ma9 conditions ( success 9 art1 z
 9 life  itself4    ,no matt] h[ g5]\s  
nature has be5 9 be/[+ ! gift ( g5ius1  
! pursuit ( art is nev]!less a long &   
cont9u\s lab\r4  ,_m  arti/s h be5      
precoci\s1 b )\t dilig5ce _! precocity  
w\ld  h come to no?+4  ,! anecdote      
relat$ ( ,we/ is well kn[n4  ,:5  only  

sev5 ye>s old1 /ruck ) ! beauty ( !     
sleep+ infant (  8 elde/ si/] :il/ wat*+
 by its cradle1 he ran to seek "s  pap] 
& =?) drew its portrait 9 r$ & black    
ink4  ,! little  incid5t reveal$ ! arti/
 9 him1 & x 0 f\nd impossible to draw   
him f 8 b5t4  ,we/ might h be5 a great] 
pa9t]1 _h he n  be5 injur$ by too e>ly  
success3 8 fame1 ?\gh great1 0 n        
pur*as$ by /udy1 trials1 & difficulties1
 & x has n be5  endur+4    ,ri*>d       
,wilson1 :5 a m]e *ild1 indulg$ himself 
) trac+ figures  ( m5 & animals on !    
walls ( 8 fa!r's h\se1 ) a burnt  /ick4 
,he fir/ direct$ 8 att5tion to portrait 
pa9t+2 b :5 9  ,italy1 call+ "o day at !
 h\se ( ,zuc>elli1 & gr[+ we>y )  wait+1
 he began pa9t+ ! sc5e on :i* 8 fri5d's 
*amb] w9d[  look$4  ,:5 ,zuc>elli       
arriv$1 he 0 s *>m$ ) ! picture1 t  he  
ask$ if ,wilson _h n /udi$ l&scape1 to  
:i* he repli$ t he  _h n4  8,!n1 ,i     
advise y10 said ! o!r1 8to try2 = y are 
sure  ( great success40  ,wilson adopt$ 
! advice1 /udi$ & work$ h>d1  & became  

our fir/ great ,engli% l&scape pa9t]4   
,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds1 :5 a boy1 =got 8 
lessons1 & took pleasure  only 9 draw+1 
= :i* 8 fa!r 0 accu/om$ to rebuke him4  
,!  boy 0 de/9$ = ! pr(ession ( physic1 
b 8 /rong in/9ct  = art c\ld n be       
repress$1 & he became a pa9t]4          
,ga9sbor\gh  w5t sket*+1 :5 a s*oolboy1 
9 ! woods ( ,sudbury2 & at twelve  he 0 
a confirm$ arti/3 he 0 a ke5 obs]v] & a 
h>d work]1--no  picturesque feature (   
any sc5e he _h once look$ ^u1 escap+ 8  
dilig5t p5cil4  ,william ,blake1 a      
hosi]'s son1 employ$ himself 9  draw+   
designs on ! backs ( 8 fa!r's %op-bills1
 & mak+  sket*es on ! c\nt]4  ,edw>d    
,bird1 :5 a *ild only ?ree or f\r  ye>s 
old1 w\ld m\nt a *air & draw figures on 
! walls1 :i* he  call$ ,fr5* & ,engli%  
soldi]s4  ,a box ( col\rs 0 pur*as$ =   
him1 & 8 fa!r1 desir\s ( turn+ 8 love ( 
art to acc\nt1 put  him appr5tice to a  
mak] ( tea-trays6  ,out ( ?is trade he  
gradually  rais$ himself1 by /udy &     
lab\r1 to ! rank ( a ,royal             

,academician4    ,hog>?1 ?\gh a v dull  
boy at 8 lessons1 took pleasure 9 mak+  
draw+s ( ! lett]s ( ! alphabet1 & 8     
s*ool ex]cises 7  m rem>kable = !       
ornam5ts ) :i* he embelli%$ !m1 ?an  = !
 matt] ( ! ex]cises !mselves4  ,9 !     
latt] respect he 0  beat5 by all !      
blockheads ( ! s*ool1 b 9 8 adornm5ts he
  /ood alone4  ,8 fa!r put him appr5tice
 to a silv]smi?1 :]e he  le>nt to draw1 
& also to engrave spoons & =ks ) cre/s &
  ciph]s4  ,f silv]-*as+1 he w5t on to  
tea* himself engrav+ on  copp]1         
pr9cipally griff9s & mon/]s ( h]aldry1 9
 ! c\rse (  :i* practice he became      
ambiti\s to del9eate ! v>ieties ( human 
"*4  ,! s+ul> excell5ce :i* he rea*$ 9  
?is art1 0  ma9ly ! result ( c>eful     
obs]vation & /udy4  ,he _h ! gift1  :i* 
he s$ul\sly cultivat$1 ( committ+ to    
memory ! precise  features ( any        
rem>kable face1 & aft]w>ds reproduc+ !m 
on  pap]2 b if any s+ul>ly fanta/ic =m  
or outr face came 9 8  way1 he w\ld make
 a sket* ( x on ! spot1 ^u 8 ?umb-nail1 

&  c>ry x home to exp& at 8 leisure4    
,ev]y?+ fanta/ical &  orig9al _h a      
p[]ful attraction = him1 & he w&]$ into 
_m  out-(-!-way places = ! purpose (    
meet+ ) "*4  ,by ?is  c>eful /or+ ( 8   
m9d1 he 0 aft]w>ds enabl$ to cr[d an    
imm5se am\nt ( ?\ght & treasur$         
obs]vation into 8 works4  ,h5ce x is t  
,hog>?'s pictures are s tru?ful a       
memorial ( !  "*1 ! mann]s1 & ev5 ! v   
?\ghts ( ! times 9 :i*  he liv$4  ,true 
pa9t+1 he himself obs]v$1 c only be     
le>nt 9 "o  s*ool1 & t is kept by       
,nature4  ,b he 0 n a highly cultivat$  
man1 except 9 8 own walk4  ,8 s*ool     
education _h be5 ( !  sl5d]e/ k9d1      
sc>cely ev5 p]fect+ him 9 ! art (       
spell+2 8  self-culture did ! re/4  ,= a
 long "t he 0 9 v /rait5$  circum/ances1
 b nev]!less work$ on ) a *e]ful he>t4  
,poor  ?\gh he 01 he contriv$ to live )9
 8 small means1 & he  boa/$1 ) becom+   
pride1 t he 0 8a punctual payma/]40  ,:5
  he _h conqu]$ all 8 difficulties &    
become a fam\s & ?riv+  man1 he lov$ to 

dwell ^u 8 e>ly lab\rs & privations1 &  
to  fight ov] aga9 ! battle :i* end$ s  
hon\rably to him z a man &  s glori\sly 
z an arti/4  8,i rememb] ! "t10 said he 
on "o  occasion1 8:5 ,i h gone mop+ into
 ! city ) sc>ce a %ill+1  b z soon z ,i 
h receiv$ t5 gu9eas !re = a plate1 ,i h 
return$ home1 put on my sword1 & salli$ 
out ) all ! confid5ce  ( a man :o _h    
?\s&s 9 8 pockets40    8,indu/ry &      
p]sev]ance0 0 ! motto ( ! sculptor      
,banks1 :i* he  act$ on himself1 &      
/rongly recomm5d$ to o!rs4  ,8 well-kn[n
  k9dness induc$ _m aspir+ y\?s to call 
^u him & ask = 8  advice & assi/ance2 & 
x is relat$ t "o day a boy call$ at 8   
door to see him ) ?is object1 b !       
s]vant1 angry at ! l\d  knock he _h     
giv51 scold$ him1 & 0 ab\t s5d+ him     
away1 :5  ,banks ov]he>+ h]1 himself w5t
 out4  ,! little boy /ood at !  door )  
"s draw+s 9 8 h&4  8,:at d y want ) me80
 ask$  ! sculptor4  8,i want1 sir1 if y 
please1 to be admitt$ to draw at !      
,academy40  ,banks expla9$ t he himself 

c\ld n procure 8  admission1 b he ask$  
to look at ! boy's draw+s4  ,exam9+ !m1 
he said1 8,"t en\gh = ! ,academy1 my    
little man6 g home--m9d y\r  s*ool+--try
 to make a bett] draw+ ( ! ,apollo--& 9 
a mon? come  aga9 & let me see x40  ,!  
boy w5t home--sket*$ & work$ )  r$\bl$  
dilig5ce--&1 at ! end ( ! mon?1 call$   
aga9 on !  sculptor4  ,! draw+ 0 bett]2 
b aga9 ,banks s5t him back1 )  good     
advice1 to "w & /udy4  ,9 a week ! boy 0
 aga9 at 8 door1  8 draw+ mu* improv$2 &
 ,banks bid him be ( good *e]1 = if     
sp>$ he w\ld di/+ui% himself4  ,! boy 0 
,mulready2 & !  sculptor's augury 0     
amply fulfill$4    ,! fame ( ,claude    
,lorra9e is p>tly expla9$ by 8          
indefatigable  indu/ry4  ,born at       
,*ampagne1 9 ,lorra9e1 ( poor p>5ts1 he 
0 fir/  appr5tic$ to a pa/rycook4  ,8   
bro!r1 :o 0 a wood-c>v]1  aft]w>ds took 
him into 8 %op to le>n t trade4  ,hav+  
!re  %[n indications ( arti/ic skill1 a 
travell+ deal] p]suad$ !  bro!r to all[ 
,claude to accompany him to ,italy4  ,he

 ass5t$1 & !  "y man rea*$ ,rome1 :]e he
 0 %ortly aft] engag$ by ,ago/9o        
,tassi1 ! l&scape pa9t]1 z 8            
h\se-s]vant4  ,9 t capacity  ,claude    
fir/ le>nt l&scape pa9t+1 & 9 c\rse ( "t
 he began to  produce pictures4  ,we    
next f9d him mak+ ! t\r ( ,italy1       
,france1 &  ,g]many1 occasionally re/+  
by ! way to pa9t l&scapes1 & !reby      
repl5i% 8 purse4  ,on return+ to ,rome  
he f\nd an increas+ dem&  = 8 works1 & 8
 reputation at l5g? became ,european4   
,he 0  unwe>i$ 9 ! /udy ( nature 9 h]   
v>i\s aspects4  ,x 0 8  practice to sp5d
 a great "p ( 8 "t 9 closely copy+      
build+s1  bits ( gr\nd1 trees1 leaves1 &
 su* l1 :i* he f9i%$ 9  detail1 keep+ ! 
draw+s by him 9 /ore = ! purpose (      
introduc+ !m 9 8 /udi$ l&scapes4  ,he   
also gave close att5tion  to ! sky1     
wat*+ x = :ole days f morn+ till night1 
&  not+ ! v>i\s *anges occasion$ by !   
pass+ cl\ds & !  increas+ & wan+ light4 
,by ?is con/ant practice he acquir$1    
al?\gh x is said v sl[ly1 su* a ma/]y ( 

h& & eye z  ev5tually secur$ = him !    
fir/ rank among l&scape pa9t]s4         
,turn]1 :o has be5 /yl$ 8! ,engli%      
,claude10 pursu$ a c>e] (  l labori\s   
indu/ry4  ,he 0 de/9$ by 8 fa!r = 8 own 
trade  ( a b>b]1 :i* he c>ri$ on 9      
,london1 until "o day ! sket*  :i* ! boy
 _h made ( a coat ( arms on a silv]     
salv] hav+  attract$ ! notice ( a cu/om]
 :om 8 fa!r 0 %av+1 !  latt] 0 urg$ to  
all[ 8 son to foll[ 8 bias1 & he 0      
ev5tually p]mitt$ to foll[ art z a      
pr(ession4  ,l all "y  arti/s1 ,turn] _h
 _m difficulties to enc\nt]1 & !y 7 all 
!  great] t 8 circum/ances 7 s /rait5$4 
,b he 0 always  will+ to "w1 & to take  
pa9s ) 8 "w1 no matt] h[ humble x  might
 be4  ,he 0 glad to hire himself out at 
half-a-cr[n a night to  wa% 9 skies 9   
,indian ink ^u o!r p's draw+s1 gett+ 8  
supp] into ! b>ga94  ,?us he e>n$ money 
& acquir$ exp]tness4  ,!n he took to    
illu/rat+ guide-books1 almanacs1 & any  
sort ( books  t want$ *eap              
frontispieces4  8,:at c\ld ,i h done    

bett]80 said  he aft]w>ds2 8x 0         
fir/-rate practice40  ,he did ev]y?+    
c>efully  & consci5ti\sly1 nev] slurr+  
ov] 8 "w because he 0  ill-remun]at$ =  
x4  ,he aim$ at le>n+ z well z liv+2    
always  do+ 8 be/1 & nev] leav+ a draw+ 
)\t hav+ made a /ep 9  advance ^u 8     
previ\s "w4  ,a man :o ?us lab\r$ 0 sure
 to d  mu*2 & 8 gr[? 9 p[] & grasp (    
?\ght 01 to use ,rusk9's  words1 8z     
/eady z ! increas+ light ( sunrise40  ,b
 ,turn]'s  g5ius ne$s no panegyric2 8   
be/ monum5t is ! noble gall]y (         
pictures bequea!d by him to ! nation1   
:i* w ev] be ! mo/  la/+ memorial ( 8   
fame4    ,to rea* ,rome1 ! capital ( !  
f9e arts1 is usually ! highe/  ambition 
( ! art /ud5t4  ,b ! j\rney to ,rome is 
co/ly1 & !  /ud5t is (t5 poor4  ,) a w  
resolute to ov]come difficulties1  ,rome
 may h[ev] at la/ be rea*$4  ,?us       
,franois ,p]ri]1 an e>ly  ,fr5* pa9t]1 9
 8 eag] desire to visit ! ,et]nal ,city1
 cons5t$  to act z guide to a bl9d      
vagrant4  ,aft] long w&]+s he rea*$ !   

,vatican1 /udi$ & became fam\s4  ,n less
 en?usiasm 0 display$ by  ,jacques      
,callot 9 8 det]m9ation to visit ,rome4 
,?\gh oppos$ by 8  fa!r 9 8 wi% to be an
 arti/1 ! boy w\ld n be baulk$1 b  fl$ f
 home to make 8 way to ,italy4  ,hav+   
set out )\t means1  he 0 soon r$uc$ to  
great /raits2 b fall+ 9 ) a b& (        
gipsies1 he jo9$ _! company1 & w&]$ ab\t
 ) !m f "o  fair to ano!r1 %>+ 9 _!     
num]\s adv5tures4  ,dur+ ?is  rem>kable 
j\rney ,callot pick$ up mu* ( t         
extraord9>y k  ( figure1 feature1 & "*  
:i* he aft]w>ds reproduc$1  sometimes 9 
su* exagg]at$ =ms1 9 8 wond]ful         
engrav+s4    ,:5 ,callot at l5g? rea*$  
,flor5ce1 a g5tleman1 pleas$ ) 8  +5i\s 
ard\r1 plac$ him ) an arti/ to /udy2 b  
he 0 n  satisfi$ to /op %ort ( ,rome1 & 
we f9d him %ortly on 8 way  ?i!r4  ,at  
,rome he made ! acqua9tance ( ,porigi & 
,?omass91 :o1  on see+ 8 crayon sket*es1
 pr$ict$ = him a brilliant c>e] z an    
arti/4  ,b a fri5d ( ,callot's family   
hav+ accid5tally enc\nt]$  him1 took    

/eps to compel ! fugitive to return     
home4  ,by ?is "t he  _h acquir$ su* a  
love ( w&]+ t he c\ld n re/2 s he ran   
away a second "t1 & a second "t he 0    
br\ght back by 8 eld]  bro!r1 :o caught 
him at ,tur94  ,at la/ ! fa!r1 see+     
resi/ance  0 9 va91 gave 8 reluctant    
cons5t to ,callot's prosecut+ 8  /udies 
at ,rome4  ,?i!r he w5t accord+ly2 & ?is
 "t he rema9$1  dilig5tly /udy+ design &
 engrav+ = sev]al ye>s1 "u  compet5t    
ma/]s4  ,on 8 way back to ,france1 he 0 
enc\rag$ by ,cosmo  ,,ii4 to rema9 at   
,flor5ce1 :]e he /udi$ & work$ = sev]al 
ye>s  m4  ,on ! dea? ( 8 patron he      
return$ to 8 family at ,nancy1  :]e1 by 
! use ( 8 bur9 & ne$le1 he %ortly       
acquir$ bo?  weal? & fame4  ,:5 ,nancy 0
 tak5 by siege dur+ ! civil w>s1        
,callot 0 reque/$ by ,ri*elieu to make a
 design & engrav+ ( !  ev5t1 b ! arti/  
w\ld n commemorate ! disa/] :i* _h      
befall5 8 native place1 & he refus$     
po9t-blank4  ,ri*elieu c\ld  n %ake 8   
resolution1 & ?rew him into prison4     

,!re ,callot met  ) "s ( 8 old fri5ds ! 
gipsies1 :o _h reliev$ 8 wants on  8    
fir/ j\rney to ,rome4  ,:5 ,l\is ,,xiii4
 he>d ( 8 imprisonm5t1  he n only       
releas$ him1 b (f]$ to grant him any    
fav\r he might  ask4  ,callot imm$iately
 reque/$ t 8 old companions1 ! gipsies1 
might be set free & p]mitt$ to beg 9    
,p>is )\t mole/ation4  ,?is odd reque/ 0
 grant$ on condition t ,callot %\ld     
engrave  _! portraits1 & h5ce 8 curi\s  
book ( engrav+s entitl$ 8,!  ,begg>s40  
,l\is is said to h (f]$ ,callot a p5sion
 ( #cjjj livres  provid$ he w\ld n leave
 ,p>is2 b ! arti/ 0 n[ too mu* ( a      
,bohemian1 & priz$ 8 lib]ty too highly  
to p]mit him to accept x2  & he return$ 
to ,nancy1 :]e he work$ till 8 dea?4  ,8
 indu/ry  may be inf]r$ f ! numb] ( 8   
engrav+s & et*+s1 ( :i*  he left n few] 
?an #afjj4  ,he 0 especially fond (     
grotesque  subjects1 :i* he treat$ )    
great skill2 8 free et*+s1 t\*$  ) !    
grav]1 be+ execut$ ) especial delicacy &
 wond]ful  m9ut5ess4    ,/ill m romantic

 & adv5tur\s 0 ! c>e] ( ,b5v5uto        
,cell9i1  ! m>vell\s gold work]1 pa9t]1 
sculptor1 engrav]1 eng9e]1 &  au?or4  ,8
 life1 z told by himself1 is "o ( ! mo/ 
extraord9>y  autobiographies ev] writt54
  ,giovanni ,cell9i1 8 fa!r1 0 "o (  !  
,c\rt musicians to ,lor5zo de ,m$ici at 
,flor5ce2 & 8 highe/  ambition conc]n+ 8
 son ,b5v5uto 0 t he %\ld become an     
exp]t  play] on ! flute4  ,b ,giovanni  
hav+ lo/ 8 appo9tm5t1 f\nd x  necess>y  
to s5d 8 son to le>n "s trade1 & he 0   
appr5tic$ to  a goldsmi?4  ,! boy _h    
already display$ a love ( draw+ & ( art2
  &1 apply+ himself to 8 bus9ess1 he    
soon became a dext]\s  workman4  ,hav+  
got mix$ up 9 a qu>rel ) "s ( !         
t[nspeople1  he 0 bani%$ = six mon?s1   
dur+ :i* p]iod he work$ ) a  goldsmi? at
 ,si5na1 ga9+ fur!r exp]i5ce 9 jewell]y 
&  gold-work+4    ,8 fa!r /ill insi/+ on
 8 becom+ a flute-play]1 ,b5v5uto       
cont9u$ to practise on ! in/rum5t1 ?\gh 
he dete/$ x4  ,8  *ief pleasure 0 9 art1
 :i* he pursu$ ) en?usiasm4  ,return+   

to ,flor5ce1 he c>efully /udi$ ! designs
 ( ,leon>do da ,v9ci &  ,mi*ael ,angelo2
 &1 /ill fur!r to improve himself 9     
gold-work+1 he  w5t on foot to ,rome1   
:]e he met ) a v>iety ( adv5tures4  ,he 
return$ to ,flor5ce ) ! reputation ( be+
 a mo/ exp]t work] 9  ! preci\s metals1 
& 8 skill 0 soon 9 great reque/4  ,b be+
  ( an irascible temp]1 he 0 con/antly  
gett+ into scrapes1 & 0  frequ5tly "u ! 
necessity ( fly+ = 8 life4  ,?us he fl$ 
f  ,flor5ce 9 ! disguise ( a fri>1 aga9 
tak+ refuge at ,si5na1 &  aft]w>ds at   
,rome4    ,dur+ 8 second resid5ce 9     
,rome1 ,cell9i met ) ext5sive           
patronage1 & he 0 tak5 into ! ,pope's   
s]vice 9 ! d\ble  capacity ( goldsmi? & 
musician4  ,he 0 con/antly /udy+ &      
improv+ himself by acqua9tance ) ! works
 ( ! be/ ma/]s4  ,he  m\nt$ jewels1     
f9i%$ enamels1 engrav$ seals1 & design$ 
&  execut$ works 9 gold1 silv]1 &       
bronze1 9 su* a /yle z to excel  all o!r
 arti/s4  ,:5ev] he he>d ( a goldsmi? :o
 0 fam\s 9  any p>ticul> bran*1 he      

imm$iately det]m9$ to surpass him4  ,?us
 x  0 t he rivall$ ! m$als ( "o1 !      
enamels ( ano!r1 & !  jewell]y ( a ?ird2
 9 fact1 !re 0 n a bran* ( 8 bus9ess  t 
he did n feel impell$ to excel 94       
,work+ 9 ?is _s1 x is n s wond]ful t    
,cell9i %\ld h  be5 able to accompli% s 
mu*4  ,he 0 a man ( indefatigable       
activity1  & 0 con/antly on ! move4  ,at
 "o "t we f9d him at ,flor5ce1 at  ano!r
 at ,rome2 !n he is at ,mantua1 at      
,rome1 at ,naples1 & back to  ,flor5ce  
aga92 !n at ,v5ice1 & 9 ,p>is1 mak+ all 
8 long  j\rneys on horseback4  ,he c\ld 
n c>ry mu* luggage ) him2 s1  :]ev] he  
w5t1 he usually began by mak+ 8 own     
tools4  ,he n only  design$ 8 works1 b  
execut$ !m himself1--hamm]$ & c>v$1 &   
ca/ & %ap$ !m ) 8 own h&s4  ,inde$1 8   
works h !  impress ( g5ius s cle>ly     
/amp$ ^u !m1 t !y c\ld nev]  h be5      
design$ by "o p]son1 & execut$ by ano!r4
  ,! humble/  article--a buckle = a     
lady's girdle1 a seal1 a locket1 a      
broo*1 a r+1  or a button--became 9 8   

h&s a beautiful "w ( art4    ,cell9i 0  
rem>kable = 8 read9ess & dext]ity 9     
h&icraft4  ,"o day a surgeon ent]$ ! %op
 ( ,raffaello del ,moro1 ! goldsmi?1  to
 p]=m an op]ation on 8 daught]'s h&4    
,on look+ at !  surgeon's in/rum5ts1    
,cell9i1 :o 0 pres5t1 f\nd !m rude &    
clumsy1 z !y usually 7 9 ^? days1 & he  
ask$ ! surgeon to  proce$ no fur!r ) !  
op]ation = a qu>t] ( an h\r4  ,he !n    
ran to 8 %op1 & tak+ a piece ( ! f9e/   
/eel1 wr\ght out (  x a beautifully     
f9i%$ knife1 ) :i* ! op]ation 0         
successfully p]=m$4    ,among ! /atues  
execut$ by ,cell9i1 ! mo/ important are 
! silv]  figure ( ,jupit]1 execut$ at   
,p>is = ,francis ,i41 & ! ,p]seus1      
execut$ 9 bronze = ! ,gr& ,duke ,cosmo (
 ,flor5ce4  ,he also  execut$ /atues 9  
m>ble ( ,apollo1 ,hyac9?us1 ,n>cissus1 &
 ,neptune4  ,! extraord9>y incid5ts     
connect$ ) ! ca/+ ( ! ,p]seus  7        
peculi>ly illu/rative ( ! rem>kable "* (
 ! man4    ,! ,gr& ,duke hav+ express$ a
 decid$ op9ion t ! model1 :5  %[n to him

 9 wax1 c\ld n possibly be ca/ 9 bronze1
 ,cell9i 0  imm$iately /imulat$ by !    
pr$ict$ impossibility1 n only to        
attempt1 b to d x4  ,he fir/ made ! clay
 model1 bak$ x1 &  cov]$ x ) wax1 :i* he
 %ap$ into ! p]fect =m ( a /atue4  ,!n  
coat+ ! wax ) a sort ( e>?1 he bak$ !   
second cov]+1  dur+ :i* ! wax dissolv$ &
 escap$1 leav+ ! space betwe5 !  two    
lay]s = ! reception ( ! metal4  ,to     
avoid di/urbance1 !  latt] process 0    
conduct$ 9 a pit dug imm$iately "u !    
furnace1  f :i* ! liquid metal 0 to be  
introduc$ by pipes & ap]tures  into !   
m\ld prep>$ = x4    ,cell9i _h pur*as$ &
 laid 9 sev]al loads ( p9e-wood1 9      
anticipation ( ! process ( ca/+1 :i* n[ 
began4  ,! furnace 0  fill$ ) pieces (  
brass & bronze1 & ! fire 0 lit4  ,!     
res9\s p9e-wood 0 soon 9 su* a furi\s   
blaze1 t ! %op took  fire1 & "p ( ! ro( 
0 burnt2 :ile at ! same "t ! w9d  bl[+ &
 ! ra9 fill+ on ! furnace1 kept d[n !   
heat1 &  prev5t$ ! metals f melt+4  ,=  
h\rs ,cell9i /ruggl$ to keep  up ! heat1

 cont9ually ?r[+ 9 m wood1 until at l5g?
 he became  s exhau/$ & ill1 t he fe>$  
he %\ld die be=e ! /atue  c\ld be ca/4  
,he 0 =c$ to leave to 8 assi/ants ! p\r+
 9  ( ! metal :5 melt$1 & betook himself
 to 8 b$4  ,:ile ^?  ab\t him 7 condol+ 
) him 9 8 di/ress1 a workman sudd5ly    
ent]$ ! room1 lam5t+ t 8,poor ,b5v5uto's
 "w 0 irretrievably  spoil$60  ,on he>+ 
?is1 ,cell9i imm$iately sprang f 8 b$ & 
ru%$ to ! work%op1 :]e he f\nd ! fire s 
mu* gone d[n t  ! metal _h aga9 become  
h>d4    ,s5d+ across to a neighb\r = a  
load ( "y oak :i* _h be5 m  ?an a ye> 9 
dry+1 he soon _h ! fire blaz+ aga9 & !  
metal  melt+ & glitt]+4  ,! w9d 01      
h[ev]1 /ill bl[+ ) fury1  & ! ra9 fall+ 
heavily2 s1 to protect himself1 ,cell9i 
_h "s  tables ) pieces ( tape/ry & old  
clo!s br\ght to him1 beh9d  :i* he w5t  
on hurl+ ! wood into ! furnace4  ,a mass
 ( pewt] 0  ?r[n 9 ^u ! o!r metal1 & by 
/irr+1 sometimes ) iron &  sometimes )  
long poles1 ! :ole soon became          
completely melt$4  ,at  ?is juncture1 :5

 ! try+ mom5t 0 close at h&1 a t]rible  
noise  z ( a ?und]bolt 0 he>d1 & a      
glitt]+ ( fire fla%$ be=e  ,cell9i's    
eyes4  ,! cov] ( ! furnace _h bur/1 & ! 
metal began  to fl[6  ,f9d+ t x did n   
run ) ! prop] velocity1 ,cell9i  ru%$   
into ! kit*51 bore away e piece ( copp] 
& pewt] t  x conta9$--"s two hundr$     
porr+]s1 di%es1 & kettles (  diff]5t    
k9ds--& ?rew !m into ! furnace4  ,!n at 
l5g? !  metal fl[$ freely1 & ?us !      
spl5did /atue ( ,p]seus 0 ca/4    ,!    
div9e fury ( g5ius 9 :i* ,cell9i ru%$ to
 8 kit*5 &  /ripp$ x ( its ut5sils = !  
purposes ( 8 furnace1 w rem9d  ! read] (
 ! l act ( ,pallissy 9 break+ up 8      
furniture =  ! purpose ( bak+ 8 e>!nw>e4
  ,except+1 h[ev]1 9 _!  en?usiasm1 no  
two m5 c\ld be less alike 9 "*4  ,cell9i
 0 an  ,i%mael aga9/ :om1 accord+ to 8  
own acc\nt1 e man's h& 0  turn$4  ,b    
ab\t 8 extraord9>y skill z a workman1 & 
8 g5ius  z an arti/1 !re _c be two      
op9ions4    ,mu* less turbul5t 0 ! c>e] 
( ,nicolas ,p\ss91 a man z pure &       

elevat$ 9 8 ideas ( art z he 0 9 8 daily
 life1 &  di/+ui%$ alike = 8 vig\r (    
intellect1 8 rectitude (  "*1 & 8 noble 
simplicity4  ,he 0 born 9 a v humble    
/ation1 at ,&eleys1 ne> ,r\51 :]e 8 fa!r
 kept a small s*ool4  ,! boy _h ! b5efit
 ( 8 p>5t's in/ruction1 su* z x 01 b  ( 
t he is said to h be5 some:at neglig5t1 
pref]r+ to sp5d  8 "t 9 cov]+ 8         
lesson-books & 8 slate ) draw+s4  ,a    
c\ntry pa9t]1 mu* pleas$ ) 8 sket*es1   
bes\ght 8 p>5ts n  to ?w>t him 9 8      
ta/es4  ,! pa9t] agre$ to give ,p\ss9   
lessons1  & he soon made su* progress t 
8 ma/] _h no?+ m to tea*  him4  ,becom+ 
re/less1 & desir\s ( fur!r improv+      
himself1  ,p\ss91 at ! age ( #ah1 set   
out = ,p>is1 pa9t+ signbo>ds on 8  way =
 a ma9t5ance4    ,at ,p>is a new _w (   
art op5$ be=e him1 excit+ 8 wond] &     
/imulat+ 8 emulation4  ,he work$        
dilig5tly 9 _m /udios1  draw+1 copy+1 & 
pa9t+ pictures4  ,aft] a "t1 he resolv$1
 if  possible1 to visit ,rome1 & set out
 on 8 j\rney2 b he only  succe$$ 9 gett+

 z f> z ,flor5ce1 & aga9 return$ to     
,p>is4  ,a  second attempt :i* he made  
to rea* ,rome 0 ev5 less successful2 =  
?is "t he only got z f> z ,lyons4  ,he  
01 nev]!less1 c>eful to  take advantage 
( all opportunities = improvem5t :i*    
came 9 8  way1 & cont9u$ z s$ul\s z be=e
 9 /udy+ & work+4    ,?us twelve ye>s   
pass$1 ye>s ( obscurity & toil1 (       
failures &  disappo9tm5ts1 & probably ( 
privations4  ,at l5g? ,p\ss9 succe$$  9 
rea*+ ,rome4  ,!re he dilig5tly /udi$ ! 
old ma/]s1 &  especially ! anci5t       
/atues1 ) ^: p]fection he 0 greatly     
impress$4  ,= "s "t he liv$ ) ! sculptor
 ,duquesnoi1 z poor  z himself1 & assi/$
 him 9 modell+ figures aft] ! antique4  
,) him he c>efully measur$ "s ( ! mo/   
celebrat$ /atues 9  ,rome1 m p>ticul>ly 
! #8,ant9\s3' & x is suppos$ t ?is      
practice ex]cis$ consid]able influ5ce on
 ! =mation ( 8 future  /yle4  ,at ! same
 "t he /udi$ anatomy1 practis$ draw+ f !
  life1 & made a great /ore ( sket*es ( 
po/ures & attitudes (  p :om he met1    

c>efully read+ at 8 leisure su* /&>d    
books  on art z he c\ld borr[ f 8       
fri5ds4    ,dur+ all ?is "t he rema9$ v 
poor1 satisfi$ to be cont9ually  improv+
 himself4  ,he 0 glad to sell 8 pictures
 = :atev] !y  w\ld br+4  ,"o1 ( a       
prophet1 he sold = eight livres2 &      
ano!r1  ! #8,plague ( ! ,phili/9es1' he 
sold = #fj cr[ns--a picture  aft]w>ds   
b\ght by ,c>d9al de ,ri*elieu = a ?\s&4 
,to add to 8  tr\bles1 he 0 /rick5 by a 
cruel malady1 dur+ ! helplessness       
occasion$ by :i* ! ,*evali] del ,posso  
assi/$ him ) money4  ,=  ?is g5tleman   
,p\ss9 aft]w>ds pa9t$ ! #8,re/ 9 !      
,des]t1' a  f9e picture1 :i* f> m ?an   
repaid ! advances made dur+ 8  illness4 
,! brave man w5t on toil+ & le>n+ ?r\gh 
suff]+4  ,/ill  aim+ at high] ?+s1 he   
w5t to ,flor5ce & ,v5ice1 enl>g+ !      
range ( 8 /udies4  ,! fruits ( 8        
consci5ti\s lab\r at l5g?  appe>$ 9 !   
s]ies ( great pictures :i* he n[ began  
to  produce1--8 #8,dea? ( ,g]manicus1'  
foll[$ by #8,extreme ,unction1' !       

#8,te/am5t ( ,eudamidas1' ! #8,manna1' &
 ! #8,abduction ( !  ,sab9es4'    ,!    
reputation ( ,p\ss91 h[ev]1 grew b      
sl[ly4  ,he 0 ( a  retir+ disposition & 
%unn$ society4  ,p gave him cr$it =  be+
 a ?9k] mu* m ?an a pa9t]4  ,:5 n       
actually employ$ 9  pa9t+1 he took long 
solit>y walks 9 ! c\ntry1 m$itat+ !     
designs ( future pictures4  ,"o ( 8 few 
fri5ds :ile at ,rome 0  ,claude         
,lorra9e1 ) :om he sp5t _m h\rs at a "t 
on ! t]race  ( ,la ,tr9it-du-,mont1     
conv]s+ ab\t art & antiqu>ianism4  ,!   
monotony & ! quiet ( ,rome 7 suit$ to 8 
ta/e1 &1 provid$ he  c\ld e>n a mod]ate 
liv+ by 8 bru%1 he _h no wi% to leave x4
    ,b 8 fame n[ ext5d$ beyond ,rome1 & 
repeat$ invitations 7 s5t  him to return
 to ,p>is4  ,he 0 (f]$ ! appo9tm5t (    
pr9cipal  pa9t] to ! ,k+4  ,at fir/ he  
hesitat$2 quot$ ! ,italian prov]b1  ,*i 
/a b5e non si muove2 said he _h liv$    
fifte5 ye>s 9 ,rome1  m>ri$ a wife !re1 
& look$ =w>d to dy+ & be+ buri$ !re4    
,urg$ aga91 he cons5t$1 & return$ to    

,p>is4  ,b 8 appe>ance  !re awak5$ mu*  
pr(essional jeal\sy1 & he soon wi%$     
himself  back 9 ,rome aga94  ,:ile 9    
,p>is he pa9t$ "s ( 8 greate/  works--8 
#8,sa9t ,xavi]1' ! #8,baptism1' & !     
#8,la/ ,supp]4'  ,he 0  kept con/antly  
at "w4  ,at fir/ he did :atev] he 0 ask$
 to d1  su* z design+ frontispieces = ! 
royal books1 m p>ticul>ly a  ,bible & a 
,virgil1 c>toons = ! ,l\vre1 & designs =
 tape/ry2  b at l5g? he expo/ulat$3--8,x
 is impossible = me10 he said to ,m4  de
 ,*antel\p1 8to "w at ! same "t at      
frontispieces = books1 at a  ,virg91 at 
a picture ( ! ,congregation ( ,/4 ,l\is1
 at ! v>i\s  designs = ! gall]y1 &1     
f9ally1 at designs = ! royal tape/ry4   
,i h only "o pair ( h&s & a feeble head1
 & c nei!r be  help$ nor c my lab\rs be 
light5$ by ano!r40    ,annoy$ by !      
enemies 8 success _h provok$ & :om he 0 
unable to  conciliate1 he det]m9$1 at ! 
end ( less ?an two ye>s' lab\r 9  ,p>is1
 to return to ,rome4  ,aga9 settl$ !re 9
 8 humble dwell+ on  ,mont ,p9cio1 he   

employ$ himself dilig5tly 9 ! practice (
 8 art  dur+ ! rema9+ ye>s ( 8 life1    
liv+ 9 great simplicity &  privacy4     
,?\gh suff]+ mu* f ! disease :i*        
afflict$ him1 he  solac$ himself by     
/udy1 always /riv+ aft] excell5ce4  8,9 
gr[+  old10 he said1 8,i feel myself    
becom+ m & m inflam$ ) !  desire (      
surpass+ myself & rea*+ ! highe/ degree 
(  p]fection40  ,?us toil+1 /ruggl+1 &  
suff]+1 ,p\ss9 sp5t 8  lat] ye>s4  ,he  
_h no *ildr52 8 wife di$ be=e him2 all 8
  fri5ds 7 gone3 s t 9 8 old age he 0   
left absolutely alone 9  ,rome1 s full (
 tombs1 & di$ !re 9 #affe1 bequea?+ to 8
  relatives at ,&eleys ! sav+s ( 8 life1
 am\nt+ to ab\t #ajjj  cr[ns2 & leav+   
beh9d him1 z a legacy to 8 race1 ! great
 works  ( 8 g5ius4    ,! c>e] ( ,ary    
,s*eff] furni%es "o ( ! be/ examples 9  
mod]n  times ( a l high-m9d$ devotion to
 art4  ,born at ,dordre*t1 ! son  ( a   
,g]man arti/1 he e>ly manife/$ an       
aptitude = draw+ &  pa9t+1 :i* 8 p>5ts  
enc\rag$4  ,8 fa!r dy+ :ile he 0  /ill  

"y1 8 "m resolv$1 ?\gh h] means 7 b     
small1 to  remove ! family to ,p>is1 9  
ord] t h] son might obta9 ! be/         
opportunities = in/ruction4  ,!re "y    
,s*eff] 0 plac$ )  ,gur9 ! pa9t]4  ,b 8 
"m's means 7 too limit$ to p]mit  him to
 devote himself exclusively to /udy4    
,%e _h sold ! few jewels  %e possess$1 &
 refus$ h]self e indulg5ce1 9 ord] to   
=w>d  ! in/ruction ( h] o!r *ildr54  ,"u
 su* circum/ances1 x 0  natural t ,ary  
%\ld wi% to help h]2 & by ! "t he 0     
eighte5  ye>s ( age he began to pa9t    
small pictures ( simple subjects1 :i*   
met ) a ready sale at mod]ate prices4   
,he also practis$ portrait  pa9t+1 at ! 
same "t ga!r+ exp]i5ce & e>n+ hone/     
money4  ,he gradually improv$ 9 draw+1  
col\r+1 & composition4  ,!  #8,baptism' 
m>k$ a new epo* 9 8 c>e]1 & f t po9t he 
w5t  on advanc+1 until 8 fame culm9at$ 9
 8 pictures illu/rative (  #8,fau/1' 8  
#8,francisca de ,rim9i1' #8,*ri/ !      
,consol]1' ! #8,holy  ,wom51' #8,/4     
,monica & ,/4 ,augu/91' & _m o!r noble  

works4    8,! am\nt ( lab\r1 ?\ght1 &   
att5tion10 says ,mrs4 ,grote1 8:i*      
,s*eff] br\ght to ! production ( !      
#8,francisca1' mu/ h be5  enorm\s4  ,9  
tru?1 8 te*nical education hav+ be5 s   
imp]fect1 he  0 =c$ to climb ! /eep (   
art by draw+ ^u 8 own res\rces1  & ?us1 
:il/ 8 h& 0 at "w1 8 m9d 0 engag$ 9     
m$itation4  ,he _h to try v>i\s         
processes ( h&l+1 & exp]im5ts  9 col\r+2
 to pa9t & repa9t1 ) t$i\s & unremitt+  
assiduity4  ,b ,nature _h end[$ him ) t 
:i* prov$ 9 "s  sort an equival5t =     
%ortcom+s ( a pr(essional k9d4  ,8 own  
elevation ( "*1 & 8 pr(\nd s5sibility1  
aid$ him 9 act+  ^u ! feel+s ( o!rs     
?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! p5cil40 #agc    ,"o ( 
! arti/s :om ,s*eff] mo/ admir$ 0       
,flaxman2 & he once  said to a fri5d1   
8,if ,i h unconsci\sly borr[$ f any "o 9
 !  design ( ! #8,francisca1' x mu/ h   
be5 f some?+ ,i _h se5  among ,flaxman's
 draw+s40  ,john ,flaxman 0 ! son ( a   
humble sell]  ( pla/] ca/s 9 ,new       
,/reet1 ,cov5t ,g>d54  ,:5 a *ild1 he 0 

su*  an invalid t x 0 8 cu/om to sit    
beh9d 8 fa!r's %op c\nt]  propp$ by     
pill[s1 amus+ himself ) draw+ & read+4  
,a  b5evol5t cl]gyman1 ! ,rev4 ,mr4     
,mat!ws1 call+ at ! %op "o day1  saw !  
boy try+ to read a book1 & on inquir+   
:at x 01 f\nd x  to be a ,cornelius     
,nepos1 :i* 8 fa!r _h pick$ up = a few  
p5ce  at a book/all4  ,! g5tleman1 aft] 
"s conv]sation ) ! boy1  said t 0 n !   
prop] book = him to read1 b t he w\ld   
br+ him "o4  ,! next day he call$ )     
translations ( ,hom] &  #8,don          
,quixote1' :i* ! boy proce$$ to read )  
great avidity4  ,8  m9d 0 soon fill$ ) !
 h]oism :i* brea!d ?r\gh ! pages (  !   
=m]1 &1 ) ! /ucco ,ajaxes & ,a*illeses  
ab\t him1 rang$  along ! %op %elves1 !  
ambition took possession ( him1 t he too
  w\ld design & embody 9 poetic =ms ^?  
maje/ic h]oes4    ,l all y\?ful ef=ts1 8
 fir/ designs 7 crude4  ,! pr\d  fa!r "o
 day %[$ "s ( !m to ,r\billiac !        
sculptor1 :o turn$  f !m ) a contemptu\s
 8p%aw60  ,b ! boy _h ! "r /uff  9 him2 

he _h indu/ry & pati5ce2 & he cont9u$ to
 lab\r  incessantly at 8 books & draw+s4
  ,he !n tri$ 8 "y p[]s 9  modell+      
figures 9 pla/] ( ,p>is1 wax1 & clay4   
,"s ( ^!  e>ly works are /ill pres]v$1 n
 because ( _! m]it1 b because  !y are   
curi\s z ! fir/ heal?y ef=ts ( pati5t   
g5ius4  ,x 0  long be=e ! boy c\ld walk1
 & he only le>nt to d s by hobbl+  along
 ^u crut*es4  ,at l5g? he became /rong  
en\gh to walk )\t  !m4    ,! k9d ,mr4   
,mat!ws invit$ him to 8 h\se1 :]e 8 wife
 expla9$  ,hom] & ,milton to him4  ,!y  
help$ him also 9 8 self-culture--giv+   
him lessons 9 ,greek & ,lat91 ! /udy (  
:i* he prosecut$ at home4  ,by d9t (    
pati5ce & p]sev]ance1 8 draw+ improv$ s 
mu* t  he obta9$ a commission f a lady1 
to execute six orig9al draw+s 9  black  
*alk ( subjects 9 ,hom]4  ,8 fir/       
commission6  ,:at an ev5t  9 ! arti/'s  
life6  ,a surgeon's fir/ fee1 a lawy]'s 
fir/ reta9]1  a legislator's fir/ spee*1
 a s+]'s fir/ appe>ance beh9d !         
foot-lights1 an au?or's fir/ book1 are n

 any ( !m m full (  int]e/ to ! aspirant
 = fame ?an ! arti/'s fir/ commission4  
,! boy at once proce$$ to execute !     
ord]1 & he 0 bo? well  prais$ & well    
paid = 8 "w4    ,at fifte5 ,flaxman     
ent]$ a pupil at ! ,royal ,academy4     
,not)/&+  8 retir+ disposition1 he soon 
became kn[n among ! /ud5ts1 &  great ?+s
 7 expect$ ( him4  ,nor 7 _!            
expectations  disappo9t$3 9 8 fifte5?   
ye> he ga9$ ! silv] prize1 & next  ye>  
he became a c&idate = ! gold "o4        
,ev]ybody prophesi$ t  he w\ld c>ry (f !
 m$al1 = !re 0 none :o surpass$ him 9   
ability & indu/ry4  ,yet he lo/ x1 & !  
gold m$al 0 adjudg$ to  a pupil :o 0 n  
aft]w>ds he>d (4  ,?is failure on ! "p (
 !  y\? 0 really ( s]vice to him2 =     
defeats d n long ca/ d[n !              
resolute-he>t$1 b only s]ve to call =?  
_! real p[]s4  8,give  me "t10 said he  
to 8 fa!r1 8& ,i w yet produce works t !
  ,academy w be pr\d to recognise40  ,he
 r$\bl$ 8 ef=ts1 sp>$ no  pa9s1 design$ 
& modell$ incessantly1 & made /eady if n

 rapid  progress4  ,b mean:ile pov]ty   
?reat5$ 8 fa!r's h\sehold2 !  pla/]-ca/ 
trade yield$ a v b>e liv+2 & "y         
,flaxman1 )  resolute self-d5ial1       
curtail$ 8 h\rs ( /udy1 & devot$ himself
  to help+ 8 fa!r 9 ! humble details ( 8
 bus9ess4  ,he laid  aside 8 ,hom] to   
take up ! pla/]-tr[el4  ,he 0 will+ to  
"w 9  ! humble/ dep>tm5t ( ! trade s t 8
 fa!r's family might be  support$1 & !  
wolf kept f ! door4  ,to ?is drudg]y ( 8
 art  he s]v$ a long appr5tice%ip2 b x  
did him good4  ,x famili>is$  him )     
/eady "w1 & cultivat$ 9 him ! _s (      
pati5ce4  ,!  discipl9e may h be5 h>d1 b
 x 0 :olesome4    ,happily1 "y          
,flaxman's skill 9 design _h rea*$ ! k (
  ,josiah ,w$gwood1 :o s\ght him out = !
 purpose ( employ+ him to  design       
improv$ patt]ns ( *9a & e>!nw>e4  ,x may
 seem a humble  dep>tm5t ( art = su* a  
g5ius z ,flaxman to "w 92 b x really  0 
n s4  ,an arti/ may be lab\r+ truly 9 8 
vocation :ile  design+ a common teapot  
or wat]-jug4  ,articles 9 daily use     

among/  ! p1 :i* are be=e _! eyes at e  
meal1 may be made !  vehicles (         
education to all1 & m9i/] to _! highe/  
culture4  ,!  mo/ ambiti\s arti/ way ?us
 conf] a great] practical b5efit on 8   
c\ntrym5 ?an by execut+ an elaborate "w 
:i* he may sell =  ?\s&s ( p\nds to be  
plac$ 9 "s weal?y man's gall]y :]e x  is
 hidd5 away f public sight4  ,be=e      
,w$gwood's "t ! designs  :i* figur$ ^u  
our *9a & /onew>e 7 hide\s bo? 9 draw+  
& execution1 & he det]m9$ to improve    
bo?4  ,flaxman did 8 be/  to c>ry out ! 
manufactur]'s views4  ,he suppli$ him f 
"t to "t  ) models & designs ( v>i\s    
pieces ( e>!nw>e1 ! subjects (  :i* 7   
pr9cipally f anci5t v]se & hi/ory4  ,_m 
( !m are  /ill 9 exi/5ce1 & "s are equal
 9 beauty & simplicity to 8  aft]       
designs = m>ble4  ,! celebrat$ ,etruscan
 vases1 specim5s (  :i* 7 to be f\nd 9  
public museums & 9 ! cab9ets ( !        
curi\s1 furni%$ him ) ! be/ examples (  
=m1 & ^! he  embelli%$ ) 8 own elegant  
devices4  ,/u>t's #8,a!ns1' !n  rec5tly 

publi%$1 furni%$ him ) specim5s ( !     
pure/-%ap$  ,greek ut5sils2 ( ^! he     
adopt$ ! be/1 & work$ !m into new  %apes
 ( elegance & beauty4  ,flaxman !n saw t
 he 0 lab\r+ 9  a great "w--no less ?an 
! promotion ( popul> education2 & he 0  
pr\d1 9 aft] life1 to allude to 8 e>ly  
lab\rs 9 ?is walk1 by  :i* he 0 enabl$  
at ! same "t to cultivate 8 love ( !    
beautiful1 to diffuse a ta/e = art among
 ! p1 & to repl5i%  8 own purse1 :ile he
 promot$ ! prosp]ity ( 8 fri5d &        
b5efactor4    ,at l5g?1 9 ! ye> #aghb1  
:5 tw5ty-sev5 ye>s ( age1 he quitt$  8  
fa!r's ro( & r5t$ a small h\se & /udio 9
 ,w>d\r ,/reet1  ,soho2 & :at 0 m1 he   
m>ri$--,ann ,d5man 0 ! "n ( 8  wife--& a
 *e]ful1 bright-s\l$1 noble woman %e 04 
,he believ$  t 9 m>ry+ h] he %\ld be    
able to "w ) an int5s] _s2  =1 l him1 %e
 _h a ta/e = poetry & art2 & besides 0  
an  en?usia/ic admir] ( h] husb&'s      
g5ius4  ,yet :5 ,sir ,jo%ua             
,reynolds--himself a ba*elor--met       
,flaxman %ortly aft] 8 m>riage1 he  said

 to him1 8,s1 ,flaxman1 ,i am told y are
 m>ri$2 if s1 sir1 ,i tell  y y are ru9$
 = an arti/40  ,flaxman w5t /raight     
home1 sat d[n  beside 8 wife1 took h] h&
 9 81 & said1 8,ann1 ,i am ru9$ = an    
arti/40  8,h[ s1 ,john8  ,h[ has x      
happ5$8 & :o has done x80  8,x  happ5$10
 he repli$1 89 ! *ur*1 & ,ann ,d5man has
 done x40  ,he  !n told h] ( ,sir       
,jo%ua's rem>k--^: op9ion 0 well kn[n1 &
  _h (t5 be5 express$1 t if /ud5ts w\ld 
excel !y mu/ br+  ! :ole p[]s ( _! m9d  
to be> ^u _! art1 f ! mom5t  !y rose    
until !y w5t to b$2 & also1 t no man    
c\ld be a  great arti/ unless he /udi$ !
 gr& works ( ,raffaelle1 ,mi*ael        
,angelo1 & o!rs1 at ,rome & ,flor5ce4   
8,& ,i10 said ,flaxman1 draw+  up 8     
little figure to its full height1 8,i   
w\ld be a great arti/40  8,& a great    
arti/ y %all be10 said 8 wife1 8& visit 
,rome too1 if  t be really necess>y to  
make y great40  8,b h[80 ask$ ,flaxman4 
8,"w & economise10 rejo9$ ! brave wife2 
8,i w nev] h x  said t ,ann ,d5man ru9$ 

,john ,flaxman = an arti/40  ,& s x 0   
det]m9$ by ! pair t ! j\rney to ,rome 0 
to be made :5 _!  means w\ld admit4  8,i
 w g to ,rome10 said ,flaxman1 8& %[ !  
,presid5t t w$lock is = a man's good r  
?an 8 h>m2 & y1  ,ann1 %all accompany   
me40    ,pati5tly & happily !           
affectionate c\ple plodd$ on dur+ five  
ye>s 9 _! humble little home 9 ,w>d\r   
,/reet1 always ) ! long  j\rney to ,rome
 be=e !m4  ,x 0 nev] lo/ sight ( = a    
mom5t1  & n a p5ny 0 uselessly sp5t t   
c\ld be sav$ t[>ds !  necess>y exp5ses4 
,!y said no ^w to any "o ab\t _!        
project2  solicit$ no aid f ! ,academy2 
b tru/$ only to _! own pati5t  lab\r &  
love to pursue & a*ieve _! object4      
,dur+ ?is "t  ,flaxman exhibit$ v few   
works4  ,he c\ld n af=d m>ble to        
exp]im5t 9 orig9al designs2 b he obta9$ 
frequ5t commissions =  monum5ts1 by !   
pr(its ( :i* he ma9ta9$ himself4  ,he   
/ill  work$ = ,w$gwood1 :o 0 a prompt   
payma/]2 &1 on ! :ole1 he  0 ?riv+1     
happy1 & hopeful4  ,8 local             

respectability 0 ev5 su*  z to br+ local
 hon\rs & local "w ^u him2 = he 0 elect$
 by  ! ratepay]s to collect ! wat*-rate 
= ! ,p>i% ( ,/4 ,anne1 :5  he might be  
se5 go+ ab\t ) an ink-bottle susp5d$ f 8
  button-hole1 collect+ ! money4    ,at 
l5g? ,flaxman & 8 wife hav+ accumulat$ a
 suffici5t /ore (  sav+s1 set out =     
,rome4  ,arriv$ !re1 he appli$ himself  
dilig5tly  to /udy1 ma9ta9+ himself1 l  
o!r poor arti/s1 by mak+ copies  f !    
antique4  ,engli% visitors s\ght 8      
/udio1 & gave him  commissions2 & x 0 !n
 t he compos$ 8 beautiful designs       
illu/rative ( ,hom]1 s*ylus1 & ,dante4  
,! price paid = !m 0  mod]ate--only     
fifte5 %ill+s a-piece2 b ,flaxman work$ 
= art z  well z money2 & ! beauty ( !   
designs br\ght him o!r fri5ds  &        
patrons4  ,he execut$ ,cupid & ,aurora =
 ! munific5t ,?omas  ,hope1 & ! ,fury ( 
,a?amas = ! ,e>l ( ,bri/ol4  ,he !n     
prep>$  to return to ,engl&1 8 ta/e     
improv$ & cultivat$ by c>eful /udy2  b  
be=e he left ,italy1 ! ,academies (     

,flor5ce & ,c>r>a  recognis$ 8 m]it by  
elect+ him a memb]4    ,8 fame _h prec$$
 him to ,london1 :]e he soon f\nd       
abundant  employm5t4  ,:ile at ,rome he 
_h be5 commission$ to execute 8 fam\s   
monum5t 9 memory ( ,"l ,mansfield1 & x 0
 erect$ 9 ! nor?  transept ( ,we/m9/]   
,abbey %ortly aft] 8 return4  ,x /&s !re
  9 maje/ic gr&eur1 a monum5t to ! g5ius
 ( ,flaxman himself--calm1  simple1 &   
sev]e4  ,no wond] t ,banks1 ! sculptor1 
!n 9 !  heyday ( 8 fame1 exclaim$ :5 he 
saw x1 8,?is little man cuts u  all     
out60    ,:5 ! memb]s ( ! ,royal        
,academy he>d ( ,flaxman's return1 &    
especially :5 !y _h an opportunity (    
see+ & admir+ 8  portrait-/atue (       
,mansfield1 !y 7 eag] to h him enroll$  
among  _! numb]4  ,he all[$ 8 "n to be  
propos$ 9 ! c&idates' li/  ( associates1
 & 0 imm$iately elect$4  ,%ortly aft]1  
he appe>$  9 an entirely new "*4  ,!    
little boy :o _h begun 8 /udies  beh9d !
 pla/]-ca/-sell]'s %op-c\nt] 9 ,new     
,/reet1 ,cov5t  ,g>d51 0 n[ a man ( high

 intellect & recognis$ supremacy 9 art1 
to in/ruct /ud5ts1 9 ! "* ( ,pr(essor ( 
,sculpture to !  ,royal ,academy6  ,& no
 man bett] des]v$ to fill t di/+ui%$    
(fice2 = none is s able to in/ruct o!rs 
z he :o1 = himself &  by 8 own ef=ts1   
has le>nt to grapple ) & ov]come        
difficulties4    ,aft] a long1 peaceful1
 & happy life1 ,flaxman f\nd himself    
gr[+  old4  ,! loss :i* he su/a9$ by !  
dea? ( 8 affectionate wife  ,ann1 0 a   
sev]e %ock to him2 b he surviv$ h]      
sev]al ye>s1 dur+  :i* he execut$ 8     
celebrat$ 8,%ield ( ,a*illes10 & 8 noble
  8,ar*angel ,mi*ael vanqui%+           
,satan10--p]haps 8 two greate/ works4   
,*antrey 0 a m robu/ man2--some:at r\gh1
 b he>ty 9 8  demean\r2 pr\d ( 8        
successful /ruggle ) ! difficulties :i* 
beset him 9 e>ly life2 &1 above all1    
pr\d ( 8 indep5d5ce4  ,he  0 born a poor
 man's *ild1 at ,norton1 ne> ,%effield4 
,8 fa!r dy+  :5 he 0 a m]e boy1 8 "m    
m>ri$ aga94  ,"y ,*antrey us$ to  drive 
an ass lad5 ) milk-cans across its back 

into ! neighb\r+  t[n ( ,%effield1 & !re
 s]ve 8 "m's cu/om]s ) milk4  ,su* 0 !  
humble beg9n+ ( 8 indu/rial c>e]2 & x 0 
by 8  own /r5g? t he rose f t position1 
& a*iev$ ! highe/  em95ce z an arti/4   
,n tak+ k9dly to 8 /ep-fa!r1 ! boy 0    
s5t to trade1 & 0 fir/ plac$ ) a groc] 9
 ,%effield4  ,!  bus9ess 0 v di/a/eful  
to him2 b1 pass+ a c>v]'s %op w9d[  "o  
day1 8 eye 0 attract$ by ! glitt]+      
articles x conta9$1  &1 *>m$ ) ! idea ( 
be+ a c>v]1 he begg$ to be releas$  f ! 
groc]y bus9ess ) t object4  ,8 fri5ds   
cons5t$1 &  he 0 b\nd appr5tice to !    
c>v] & gild] = sev5 ye>s4  ,8  new ma/]1
 besides be+ a c>v] 9 wood1 0 also a    
deal] 9 pr9ts  & pla/] models2 &        
,*antrey at once set ab\t imitat+ bo?1  
/udy+ ) great indu/ry & en]gy4  ,all 8  
sp>e h\rs 7  devot$ to draw+1 modell+1 &
 self-improvem5t1 & he (t5 c>ri$  8     
lab\rs f> into ! night4  ,be=e 8        
appr5tice%ip 0 out--at !  ace (         
tw5ty-"o--he paid ov] to 8 ma/] ! :ole  
weal? :i* he  0 able to mu/]--a sum (   

#ejl4--to cancel 8 ind5tures1 det]m9$   
to devote himself to ! c>e] ( an arti/4 
,he !n made ! be/ (  8 way to ,london1 &
 ) *>act]i/ic good s5se1 s\ght employm5t
  z an assi/ant c>v]1 /udy+ pa9t+ &     
modell+ at 8 bye-h\rs4  ,among ! jobs on
 :i* he 0 fir/ employ$ z a j\rneyman    
c>v]1 0  ! decoration ( ! d9+-room (    
,mr4 ,rog]s1 ! poet--a room 9 :i*  he 0 
9 aft] ye>s a welcome visitor2 & he     
usually took pleasure 9  po9t+ out 8    
e>ly h&ywork to ! gue/s :om he met at 8 
fri5d's table4    ,return+ to ,%effield 
on a pr(essional visit1 he adv]tis$     
himself 9  ! local pap]s z a pa9t] (    
portraits 9 crayons & m9iatures1 &  also
 9 oil4  ,= 8 fir/ crayon portrait he 0 
paid a gu9ea by a  cutl]2 & = a portrait
 9 oil1 a confection] paid him z mu* z  
#el4 & a pair ( top boots6  ,*antrey 0  
soon 9 ,london aga9 to  /udy at ! ,royal
 ,academy2 & next "t he return$ to      
,%effield he  adv]tis$ himself z ready  
to model pla/] bu/s ( 8 t[nsm51 z  well 
z pa9t portraits ( !m4  ,he 0 ev5       

select$ to design a  monum5t to a       
deceas$ vic> ( ! t[n1 & execut$ x to !  
g5]al  satisfaction4  ,:5 9 ,london he  
us$ a room ov] a /able z a /udio1  & !re
 he modell$ 8 fir/ orig9al "w =         
exhibition4  ,x 0 a  gigantic head (    
,satan4  ,t[>ds ! close ( ,*antrey's    
life1 a fri5d  pass+ ?r\gh 8 /udio 0    
/ruck by ?is model ly+ 9 a corn]4  8,t  
head10 said ! sculptor1 80 ! fir/ ?+ t  
,i did aft] ,i  came to ,london4  ,i    
work$ at x 9 a g>ret ) a pap] cap on my 
head2  & z ,i c\ld !n af=d only "o c&le1
 ,i /uck t "o 9 my cap  t x might move  
along ) me1 & give me light :i*ev] way  
,i  turn$40  ,flaxman saw & admir$ ?is  
head at ! ,academy ,exhibition1  &      
recomm5d$ ,*antrey = ! execution ( !    
bu/s ( f\r admirals1  requir$ = ! ,naval
 ,asylum at ,gre5wi*4  ,?is commission  
l$ to  o!rs1 & pa9t+ 0 giv5 up4  ,b =   
eight ye>s be=e1 he _h  n e>n$ #el4 by 8
 modell+4  ,8 fam\s head ( ,horne ,tooke
 0  su* a success t1 accord+ to 8 own   
acc\nt1 x br\ght him  commissions am\nt+

 to #ab1jjjl4    ,*antrey _h n[ succe$$1
 b he _h work$ h>d1 & fairly e>n$ 8     
good =tune4  ,he 0 select$ f among/     
sixte5 competitors to  execute ! /atue (
 ,george ,,iii4 = ! city ( ,london4  ,a 
few ye>s  lat]1 he produc$ ! exquisite  
monum5t ( ! ,sleep+ ,*ildr51 n[  9      
,li*field ,ca!dral1--a "w ( great       
t5d]ness & beauty2 &  !nce=w>d 8 c>e] 0 
"o ( increas+ hon\r1 fame1 &  prosp]ity4
  ,8 pati5ce1 indu/ry1 & /eady          
p]sev]ance 7 !  means by :i* he a*iev$ 8
 greatness4  ,nature end[$ him )  g5ius1
 & 8 s\nd s5se enabl$ him to employ !   
preci\s gift z a  bless+4  ,he 0 prud5t 
& %rewd1 l ! m5 among/ :om he 0  born2 !
 pocket-book :i* accompani$ him on 8    
,italian t\r  conta9+ m+l$ notes on art1
 records ( daily exp5ses1 & !  curr5t   
prices ( m>ble4  ,8 ta/es 7 simple1 & he
 made 8 f9e/  subjects great by ! m]e   
=ce ( simplicity4  ,8 /atue ( ,watt1 9  
,h&swor? *ur*1 seems to u ! v           
consummation ( art2 yet x is  p]fectly  
artless & simple4  ,8 g5]osity to bro!r 

arti/s 9 ne$  0 spl5did1 b quiet &      
uno/5tati\s4  ,he left ! pr9cipal "p  ( 
8 =tune to ! ,royal ,academy = !        
promotion ( ,briti% art4    ,! same     
hone/ & p]si/5t indu/ry 0 ?r\gh\t       
di/9ctive ( !  c>e] ( ,david ,wilkie4   
,! son ( a ,scot* m9i/]1 he gave e>ly   
indications ( an arti/ic turn2 & ?\gh he
 0 a neglig5t & inapt  s*ol>1 he 0 a    
s$ul\s draw] ( faces & figures4  ,a     
sil5t boy1 he  already display$ t quiet 
conc5trat$ en]gy ( "* :i*  di/+ui%$ him 
?r\gh life4  ,he 0 always on ! look-out 
= an  opportunity to draw1--& ! walls ( 
! manse1 or ! smoo? s& by  ! riv] side1 
7 alike conv5i5t = 8 purpose4  ,any sort
 ( tool  w\ld s]ve him2 l ,giotto1 he   
f\nd a p5cil 9 a burnt /ick1 a  prep>$  
canvas 9 any smoo? /one1 & ! subject = a
 picture 9  e ragg$ m5dicant he met4    
,:5 he visit$ a h\se1 he g5]ally  left 8
 m>k on ! walls z an indication ( 8     
pres5ce1 sometimes to  ! disgu/ (       
cleanly h\sewives4  ,9 %ort1 not)/&+ !  
av]sion ( 8 fa!r1 ! m9i/]1 to ! 8s9ful0 

pr(ession (  pa9t+1 ,wilkie's /rong     
prop5sity 0 n to be ?w>t$1 & he  became 
an arti/1 work+ 8 way manfully up ! /eep
 ( difficulty4  ,?\gh reject$ on 8 fir/ 
application z a c&idate = admission to  
! ,scotti% ,academy1 at ,ed9burgh1 on   
acc\nt ( ! rud5ess &  inaccuracy ( 8    
introductory specim5s1 he p]sev]$ 9     
produc+  bett]1 until he 0 admitt$4  ,b 
8 progress 0 sl[4  ,he appli$  himself  
dilig5tly to ! draw+ ( ! human figure1 &
 held on )  ! det]m9ation to succe$1 z  
if ) a resolute confid5ce 9 !  result4  
,he display$ none ( ! ecc5tric hum\r &  
fitful application  ( _m y\?s :o        
conceive !mselves g5iuses1 b kept up !  
r\t9e  ( /eady application to su* an    
ext5t t he himself 0 aft]w>ds  accu/om$ 
to attribute 8 success to 8 dogg$       
p]sev]ance r  ?an to any high] innate   
p[]4  8,! s+le elem5t10 he said1 89 all 
! progressive movem5ts ( my p5cil 0     
p]sev]+ indu/ry40  ,at  ,ed9burgh he    
ga9$ a few premiums1 ?\ght ( turn+ 8    
att5tion to  portrait pa9t+1 ) a view to

 its high] & m c]ta9  remun]ation1 b    
ev5tually w5t boldly into ! l9e 9 :i* he
 e>n$  8 fame1--& pa9t$ 8 ,pitlessie    
,fair4  ,:at 0 bold] /ill1 he  det]m9$  
to proce$ to ,london1 on acc\nt ( its   
pres5t+ s mu*  wid] a field = /udy & "w2
 & ! poor ,scot* lad arriv$ 9  t[n1 &   
pa9t$ 8 ,village ,politicians :ile liv+ 
9 a humble  lodg+ on eighte5 %ill+s a   
week4    ,not)/&+ ! success ( ?is       
picture1 & ! commissions :i*  foll[$ x1 
,wilkie long cont9u$ poor4  ,! prices   
:i* 8 works  realiz$ 7 n great1 = he    
be/[$ ^u !m s mu* "t &  lab\r1 t 8 e>n+s
 cont9u$ comp>atively small = _m ye>s4  
,e picture 0 c>efully /udi$ & elaborat$ 
be=eh&2 no?+  0 /ruck (f at a heat2 _m  
occupi$ him = ye>s--t\*+1  ret\*+1 &    
improv+ !m until !y f9ally pass$ out ( 8
  h&s4  ,z ) ,reynolds1 8 motto 0 8,"w6 
"w6 "w60 &1 l  him1 he express$ great   
dislike = talk+ arti/s4  ,talk]s may s[1
  b ! sil5t reap4  8,let u be do+       
some?+10 0 8 oblique mode  ( rebuk+ !   
loquaci\s & admoni%+ ! idle4  ,he once  

relat$ to  8 fri5d ,con/able t :5 he    
/udi$ at ! ,scotti% ,academy1  ,graham1 
! ma/] ( x1 0 accu/om$ to say to !      
/ud5ts1 9 !  words ( ,reynolds1 8,if y h
 g5ius1 indu/ry w improve x2 if y  h    
none1 indu/ry w supply its place40      
8,s10 said ,wilkie1 8,i 0  det]m9$ to be
 v indu/ri\s1 = ,i knew ,i _h no g5ius40
  ,he also  told ,con/able t :5 ,l9nell 
& ,burnett1 8 fell[-/ud5ts 9  ,london1 7
 talk+ ab\t art1 he always contriv$ to  
get z close to  !m z he c\ld to he> all 
!y said1 8=10 said he1 8!y "k a  great  
deal1 & ,i "k v little40  ,?is 0 said ) 
p]fect  s9c]ity1 = ,wilkie 0 habitually 
mode/4  ,"o ( ! fir/ ?+s  t he did ) !  
sum ( ?irty p\nds :i* he obta9$ f ,"l   
,mansfield = 8 ,village ,politicians1 0 
to buy a pres5t--( bonnets1  %awls1 &   
dresses--= 8 "m & si/] at home1 ?\gh b  
little  able to af=d x at ! "t4         
,wilkie's e>ly pov]ty _h tra9$ him 9    
habits ( /rict economy1 :i* 71 h[ev]1   
consi/5t ) a noble  lib]ality1 z appe>s 
f sundry passages 9 ! ,autobiography (  

,abraham ,raimba* ! engrav]4    ,william
 ,etty 0 ano!r notable in/ance (        
unflagg+ indu/ry &  indomitable         
p]sev]ance 9 art4  ,8 fa!r 0 a g+]-bread
 &  spicemak] at ,york1 & 8 "m--a woman 
( consid]able =ce &  orig9ality ( "*--0 
! daught] ( a ropemak]4  ,! boy e>ly    
display$ a love ( draw+1 cov]+ walls1   
floors1 & tables )  specim5s ( 8 skill2 
8 fir/ crayon be+ a f>?+'s wor? (  *alk1
 & ?is giv+ place to a piece ( coal or a
 bit ( *>r$  /ick4  ,8 "m1 kn[+ no?+ (  
art1 put ! boy appr5tice to a  trade--t 
( a pr9t]4  ,b 9 8 leisure h\rs he w5t  
on ) !  practice ( draw+2 & :5 8 "t 0   
out he det]m9$ to foll[  8 b5t--he w\ld 
be a pa9t] & no?+ else4  ,=tunately 8   
uncle  & eld] bro!r 7 able & will+ to   
help him on 9 8 new c>e]1  & !y provid$ 
him ) ! means ( ent]+ z pupil at !      
,royal  ,academy4  ,we obs]ve1 f        
,leslie's ,autobiography1 t ,etty 0     
look$  ^u by 8 fell[ /ud5ts z a wor?y b 
dull1 plodd+ p]son1 :o  w\ld nev]       
di/+ui% himself4  ,b he _h 9 him ! div9e

 faculty (  "w1 & dilig5tly plodd$ 8 way
 upw>d to em95ce 9 ! highe/  walks (    
art4    ,_m arti/s h _h to enc\nt]      
privations :i* h tri$ _!  c\rage &      
endurance to ! utmo/ be=e !y succe$$4   
,:at numb]  may h sunk "u !m we c nev]  
"k4  ,m>t9 enc\nt]$  difficulties 9 !   
c\rse ( 8 c>e] su* z p]haps fall to !   
lot  ( few4  ,m ?an once he f\nd himself
 on ! v]ge ( />vation :ile  engag$ on 8 
fir/ great picture4  ,x is relat$ ( him 
t on "o  occasion he f\nd himself r$uc$ 
to 8 la/ %ill+--a bright  %ill+--:i* he 
_h kept because ( its v brightness1 b at
 l5g?  he f\nd x necess>y to ex*ange x =
 bread4  ,he w5t to a bak]'s  %op1 b\ght
 a loaf1 & 0 tak+ x away1 :5 ! bak]     
snat*$ x  f him1 & toss$ back ! %ill+ to
 ! />v+ pa9t]4  ,!  bright %ill+ _h     
fail$ him 9 8 h\r ( ne$--x 0 a bad "o6  
,return+ to 8 lodg+s1 he rummag$ 8 trunk
 = "s rema9+ cru/  to satisfy 8 hung]4  
,upheld ?r\gh\t by ! victori\s p[] (    
en?usiasm1 he pursu$ 8 design ) unsubdu$
 en]gy4  ,he _h !  c\rage to "w on & to 

wait2 & :51 a few days aft]1 he f\nd an 
opportunity to exhibit 8 picture1 he 0 f
 t "t fam\s4  ,l  _m o!r great arti/s1 8
 life proves t1 9 despite ( outw>d      
circum/ances1 g5ius1 aid$ by indu/ry1 w 
be its own protector1 &  t fame1 ?\gh %e
 comes late1 w nev] ultimately refuse h]
  fav\rs to real m]it4    ,! mo/ c>eful 
discipl9e & tra9+ aft] academic me?ods w
 fail  9 mak+ an arti/1 unless he       
himself take an active "p 9 ! "w4  ,l e 
highly cultivat$ man1 he mu/ be ma9ly   
self-educat$4  ,:5  ,pug91 :o 0 br\ght  
up 9 8 fa!r's (fice1 _h le>nt all t he  
c\ld le>n ( ar*itecture accord+ to !    
usual =mulas1 he /ill  f\nd t he _h     
le>n$ b little2 & t he mu/ beg9 at !    
beg9n+1 & pass ?r\gh ! discipl9e (      
lab\r4  ,"y ,pug9  accord+ly hir$       
himself out z a common c>p5t] at ,cov5t 
,g>d5  ,!atre--fir/ work+ "u ! /age1 !n 
beh9d ! flys1 !n ^u  ! /age itself4  ,he
 ?us acquir$ a famili>ity ) "w1 &       
cultivat$ an ar*itectural ta/e1 to :i* !
 div]sity ( !  me*anical employm5t ab\t 

a l>ge op]atic e/abli%m5t is peculi>ly  
fav\rable4  ,:5 ! !atre clos$ = !       
season1 he work$ a  sail+-%ip betwe5    
,london & "s ( ! ,fr5* ports1 c>ry+ on  
at  ! same "t a pr(itable trade4  ,at e 
opportunity he w\ld l& &  make draw+s ( 
any old build+1 & especially ( any      
ecclesia/ical  /ructure :i* fell 9 8    
way4  ,aft]w>ds he w\ld make special    
j\rneys to ! ,cont95t = ! same purpose1 
& return$ home lad5  ) draw+s4  ,?us he 
plodd$ & lab\r$ on1 mak+ sure ( !       
excell5ce & di/9ction :i* he ev5tually  
a*iev$4    ,a simil> illu/ration (      
plodd+ indu/ry 9 ! same walk is pres5t$ 
9 ! c>e] ( ,george ,kemp1 ! ar*itect ( !
 beautiful ,scott  ,monum5t at          
,ed9burgh4  ,he 0 ! son ( a poor %eph]d1
 :o pursu$  8 call+ on ! s\!rn slope ( !
 ,p5tl& ,hills4  ,amid/ t  pa/oral      
solitude ! boy _h no opportunity (      
enjoy+ !  contemplation ( works ( art4  
,x happ5$1 h[ev]1 t 9 8 t5?  ye> he 0   
s5t on a message to ,rosl91 by ! f>m] = 
:om 8  fa!r h]d$ %eep1 & ! sight ( !    

beautiful ca/le & *apel  !re seems to h 
made a vivid & endur+ impression on 8   
m9d4  ,probably to enable him to indulge
 8 love ( ar*itectural con/ruction1  !  
boy bes\ght 8 fa!r to let him be a jo9]2
 & he 0  accord+ly put appr5tice to a   
neighb\r+ village c>p5t]4  ,hav+  s]v$ 8
 "t1 he w5t to ,gala%iels to seek "w4   
,z he 0 plodd+  along ! valley ( ! ,twe$
 ) 8 tools ^u 8 back1 a c>riage  ov]took
 him ne> ,elibank ,t[]2 & ! coa*man1    
d\btless at !  sugge/ion ( 8 ma/]1 :o 0 
seat$ inside1 hav+ ask$ ! y\?  h[ f> he 
_h to walk1 & le>n+ t he 0 on 8 way to  
,gala%iels1 invit$ him to m\nt ! box    
beside him1 & ?us to ride  ?i!r4  ,x    
turn$ out t ! k9dly g5tleman inside 0 no
 o!r  ?an ,sir ,walt] ,scott1 !n        
travell+ on 8 (ficial duty z ,%]iff (   
,selkirk%ire4  ,:il/ work+ at           
,gala%iels1 ,kemp _h frequ5t            
opportunities ( visit+ ,melrose1        
,dryburgh1 & ,j$burgh ,abbeys1 :i*  he  
/udi$ c>efully4  ,inspir$ by 8 love (   
ar*itecture1 he work$  8 way z a c>p5t] 

ov] ! great] "p ( ! nor? ( ,engl&1  nev]
 omitt+ an opportunity ( inspect+ & mak+
 sket*es ( any  f9e ,go?ic build+4  ,on 
"o occasion1 :5 work+ 9 ,lanca%ire1 he  
walk$ fifty miles to ,york1 sp5t a week 
9 c>efully exam9+ !  ,m9/]1 & return$ 9 
l mann] on foot4  ,we next f9d him 9    
,glasg[1 :]e he rema9$ f\r ye>s1 /udy+ !
 f9e ca!dral !re  dur+ 8 sp>e "t4  ,he  
return$ to ,engl& aga91 ?is "t work+  8 
way fur!r s\?2 /udy+ ,cant]bury1        
,w9*e/]1 ,t9t]n1 &  o!r well-kn[n       
/ructures4  ,9 #ahbd he =m$ ! design (  
travell+  ov] ,europe ) ! same object1  
support+ himself by 8 trade4  ,rea*+    
,b\logne1 he proce$$ by ,abbeville &    
,beauvais to ,p>is1  sp5d+ a few weeks  
mak+ draw+s & /udies at ea* place4  ,8  
skill z a me*anic1 & especially 8 k (   
mill-"w1 readily  secur$ him employm5t  
:]ev] he w5t2 & he usually *ose ! site (
  8 employm5t 9 ! neighb\rhood ( "s f9e 
old ,go?ic /ructure1 9  /udy+ :i* he    
occupi$ 8 leisure4  ,aft] a ye>'s work+1
 travel1  & /udy abroad1 he return$ to  

,scotl&4  ,he cont9u$ 8 /udies1 &       
became a pr(ici5t 9 draw+ & p]spective3 
,melrose 0 8 fav\rite  ru92 & he produc$
 sev]al elaborate draw+s ( ! build+1 "o 
(  :i*1 exhibit+ x 9 a 8re/or$0 /ate1 0 
aft]w>ds engrav$4  ,he  also obta9$     
employm5t z a modell] ( ar*itectural    
designs2 & made  draw+s = a "w begun by 
an ,ed9burgh engrav]1 aft] ! plan (     
,britton's #8,ca!dral ,antiquities4'    
,?is 0 a task cong5ial to 8  ta/es1 & he
 lab\r$ at x ) an en?usiasm :i* ensur$  
its rapid  advance2 walk+ on foot = !   
purpose ov] half ,scotl&1 & liv+  z an  
ord9>y me*anic1 :il/ execut+ draw+s :i* 
w\ld h done  cr$it to ! be/ ma/]s 9 !   
art4  ,! projector ( ! "w hav+  di$     
sudd5ly1 ! publication 0 h[ev] /opp$1 & 
,kemp s\ght o!r  employm5t4  ,few knew (
 ! g5ius ( ?is man--= he 0 exce$+ly     
taciturn & habitually mode/--:5 !       
,committee ( ! ,scott ,monum5t  (f]$ a  
prize = ! be/ design4  ,! competitors 7 
num]\s--includ+ "s ( ! greate/ names 9  
classical ar*itecture2  b ! design      

unanim\sly select$ 0 t ( ,george ,kemp1 
:o 0  work+ at ,kilw9n+ ,abbey 9        
,ayr%ire1 _m miles (f1 :5 ! lett]  rea*$
 him intimat+ ! decision ( ! committee4 
,poor ,kemp6  ,%ortly aft] ?is ev5t he  
met an untimely dea?1 & did n live to   
see ! fir/ result ( 8 indefatigable     
indu/ry & self-culture  embodi$ 9       
/one1--"o ( ! mo/ beautiful &           
appropriate memorials  ev] erect$ to    
lit]>y g5ius4    ,john ,gibson 0 ano!r  
arti/ full ( a g5u9e en?usiasm & love = 
8 art1 :i* plac$ him high above ^?      
sordid temptations :i* urge  mean]      
natures to make "t ! measure ( pr(it4   
,he 0 born at ,gyffn1  ne> ,conway1 9   
,nor? ,wales--! son ( a g>d5]4  ,he e>ly
 %[$  indications ( 8 tal5t by ! c>v+s 9
 wood :i* he made by means  ( a common  
pocket knife2 & 8 fa!r1 not+ ! direction
 ( 8  tal5t1 s5t him to ,liv]pool & b\nd
 him appr5tice to a cab9et-mak]  &      
wood-c>v]4  ,he rapidly improv$ at 8    
trade1 & "s ( 8  c>v+s 7 mu* admir$4    
,he 0 ?us naturally l$ to sculpture1 &  

:5 eighte5 ye>s old he modell$ a small  
figure ( ,"t 9 wax1 :i*  attract$       
consid]able notice4  ,! ,messrs4        
,franceys1 sculptors1 (  ,liv]pool1 hav+
 pur*as$ ! boy's ind5tures1 took him z  
_!  appr5tice = six ye>s1 dur+ :i* 8    
g5ius display$ itself 9  _m orig9al     
works4  ,f !nce he proce$$ to ,london1 &
 aft]w>ds  to ,rome2 & 8 fame became    
,european4    ,rob]t ,?orburn1 ! ,royal 
,academician1 l ,john ,gibson1 0 born ( 
poor p>5ts4  ,8 fa!r 0 a %oe-mak] at    
,dumfries4  ,besides ,rob]t  !re 7 two  
o!r sons2 "o ( :om is a skilful c>v] 9  
wood4  ,"o  day a lady call$ at !       
%oemak]'s & f\nd ,rob]t1 !n a m]e boy1  
engag$ 9 draw+ ^u a /ool :i* s]v$ him = 
a table4  ,%e  exam9$ 8 "w1 & obs]v+ 8  
abilities1 int]e/$ h]self 9  obta9+ =   
him "s employm5t 9 draw+1 & enli/$ 9 8  
behalf  ! s]vices ( o!rs :o c\ld assi/  
him 9 prosecut+ ! /udy (  art4  ,! boy 0
 dilig5t1 pa9s-tak+1 /aid1 & sil5t1 mix+
  little ) 8 companions1 & =m+ b few    
intimacies4  ,ab\t !  ye> #ahcj1 "s     

g5tlem5 ( ! t[n provid$ him ) ! means ( 
proce$+ to ,ed9burgh1 :]e he 0 admitt$ a
 /ud5t at ! ,scotti%  ,academy4  ,!re he
 _h ! advantage ( /udy+ "u compet5t     
ma/]s1  & ! progress :i* he made 0      
rapid4  ,f ,ed9burgh he remov$ to       
,london1 :]e1 we und]/&1 he _h !        
advantage ( be+ introduc$ to  notice "u 
! patronage ( ! ,duke ( ,buccleu*4  ,we 
ne$ sc>cely  say1 h[ev]1 t ( :atev] use 
patronage may h be5 to ,?orburn 9  giv+ 
him an introduction to ! be/ circles1   
patronage ( no k9d  c\ld h made him !   
great arti/ t he unque/ionably is1 )\t  
native g5ius & dilig5t application4     
,noel ,paton1 ! well-kn[n pa9t]1 began 8
 arti/ic c>e] at  ,dunf]ml9e & ,paisley1
 z a draw] ( patt]ns = table-clo?s &    
musl9 embroid]$ by h&2 mean:ile work+   
dilig5tly at high]  subjects1 includ+ ! 
draw+ ( ! human figure4  ,he 01 l       
,turn]1 ready to turn 8 h& to any k9d ( 
"w1 & 9 #ahdj1 :5 a  m]e y\?1 we f9d him
 engag$1 among 8 o!r lab\rs1 9 illu/rat+
  ! #8,r5frew%ire ,annual4'  ,he work$ 8

 way /ep by /ep1 sl[ly yet  surely2 b he
 rema9$ unkn[n until ! exhibition ( !   
prize  c>toons pa9t$ = ! h\ses (        
,p>liam5t1 :5 8 picture ( !  ,_s (      
,religion 7= :i* he obta9$ "o ( ! fir/  
prizes7  reveal$ him to ! _w z a g5u9e  
arti/2 & ! works :i* he has  s9ce       
exhibit$--su* z ! #8,reconciliation (   
,ob]on & ,titania1'  #8,home1' & #8,!   
bluidy ,try/e'--h %[n a /eady advance 9 
arti/ic  p[] & culture4    ,ano!r /rik+ 
exemplification ( p]sev]ance & indu/ry 9
 !  cultivation ( art 9 humble life is  
pres5t$ 9 ! c>e] ( ,james  ,%>ples1 a   
work+ blacksmi? at ,blackburn4  ,he 0   
born at ,wakefield 9  ,york%ire1 9      
#ahbe1 "o ( a family ( ?irte5 *ildr54   
,8 fa!r 0  a work+ ironf\nd]1 & remov$  
to ,bury to foll[ 8 bus9ess4  ,!  boys  
receiv$ no s*ool education1 b 7 all s5t 
to "w z soon z  !y 7 able2 & at ab\t t5 
,james 0 plac$ 9 a f\ndry1 :]e he  0    
employ$ = ab\t two ye>s z smi?y-boy4    
,aft] t he 0 s5t  into ! eng9e-%op :]e 8
 fa!r work$ z eng9e-smi?4  ,! boy's     

employm5t 0 to heat & c>ry rivets = !   
boil]-mak]s4  ,?\gh  8 h\rs ( lab\r 7 v 
long--(t5 f six 9 ! morn+ until  eight  
at night--8 fa!r contriv$ to give him "s
 little tea*+  aft] work+ h\rs2 & x 0   
?us t he p>tially le>n$ 8  lett]s4  ,an 
incid5t occurr$ 9 ! c\rse ( 8 employm5t 
among !  boil]-mak]s1 :i* fir/ awak5$ 9 
him ! desire to le>n draw+4  ,he _h     
occasionally be5 employ$ by ! =eman to  
hold ! *alk$ l9e  ) :i* he made !       
designs ( boil]s ^u ! floor ( ! work%op2
  & on su* occasions ! =eman 0 accu/om$ 
to hold ! l9e1 &  direct ! boy to make !
 necess>y dim5sions4  ,james soon became
 s  exp]t at ?is z to be ( consid]able  
s]vice to ! =eman2 & at  8 leisure h\rs 
at home 8 great delight 0 to practise   
draw+  designs ( boil]s ^u 8 "m's floor4
  ,on "o occasion1 :5 a  female relative
 0 expect$ f ,man*e/] to pay ! family a 
visit1  & ! h\se _h be5 made z dec5t z  
possible = h] reception1 !  boy1 on com+
 9 f ! f\ndry 9 ! ev5+1 began 8 usual   
op]ations ^u ! floor4  ,he _h proce$$ "s

 way ) 8 design (  a l>ge boil] 9 *alk1 
:5 8 "m arriv$ ) ! visitor1 & to  h]    
dismay f\nd ! boy unwa%$ & ! floor *alk$
 all ov]4  ,!  relative1 h[ev]1 pr(ess$ 
to be pleas$ ) ! boy's indu/ry1  prais$ 
8 design1 & recomm5d$ 8 "m to provide 8!
 little  sweep10 z %e call$ him1 ) pap] 
& p5cils4    ,enc\rag$ by 8 eld] bro!r1 
he began to practise figure &  l&scape  
draw+1 mak+ copies ( li?ographs1 b z yet
 )\t any  k ( ! rules ( p]spective & !  
pr9ciples ( light &  %ade4  ,he work$   
on1 h[ev]1 & gradually acquir$ exp]tness
 9  copy+4  ,at sixte51 he ent]$ ! ,bury
 ,me*anic's ,in/itution 9 ord]  to att5d
 ! draw+ class1 taught by an amateur :o 
foll[$ ! trade  ( a b>b]4  ,!re he _h a 
lesson a week dur+ ?ree mon?s4  ,!      
tea*] recomm5d$ him to obta9 f ! libr>y 
,burnet's #8,practical  ,treatise on    
,pa9t+2' b z he c\ld n yet read ) ease1 
he 0  "u ! necessity ( gett+ 8 "m1 &    
sometimes 8 eld]  bro!r1 to read        
passages f ! book = him :ile he sat by &
  li/5$4  ,feel+ hamp]$ by 8 ignorance (

 ! art ( read+1 &  eag] to ma/] !       
cont5ts ( ,burnet's book1 he ceas$      
att5d+ !  draw+ class at ! ,in/itute    
aft] ! fir/ qu>t]1 & devot$  himself to 
le>n+ read+ & writ+ at home4  ,9 ?is he 
soon  succe$$2 & :5 he aga9 ent]$ !     
,in/itute & took out #8,burnet'  a      
second "t1 he 0 n only able to read x1 b
 to make writt5  extracts = fur!r use4  
,s ard5tly did he /udy ! volume1 t he   
us$ to rise at f\r o'clock 9 ! morn+ to 
read x & copy out  passages2 aft] :i* he
 w5t to ! f\ndry at six1 work$ until six
 &  sometimes eight 9 ! ev5+2 & return$ 
home to ent] ) fre%  ze/ ^u ! /udy (    
,burnet1 :i* he cont9u$ (t5 until a late
  h\r4  ,p>ts ( 8 nights 7 also occupi$ 
9 draw+ & mak+  copies ( draw+s4  ,on "o
 ( ^!--a copy ( ,leon>do da ,v9ci's     
8,la/  ,supp]0--he sp5t an entire night4
  ,he w5t to b$ inde$1 b 8 m9d  0 s     
engross$ ) ! subject t he c\ld n sleep1 
& rose aga9  to resume 8 p5cil4    ,he  
next proce$$ to try 8 h& at pa9t+ 9 oil1
 = :i* purpose  he procur$ "s canvas f a

 drap]1 /ret*$ x on a frame1 coat$ x    
ov] ) :ite lead1 & began pa9t+ on x )   
col\rs b\ght f a  h\se-pa9t]4  ,b 8 "w  
prov$ a total failure2 = ! canvas 0     
r\gh & knotty1 & ! pa9t w\ld n dry4  ,9 
8 extremity he  appli$ to 8 old tea*]1 !
 b>b]1 f :om he fir/ le>nt t  prep>$    
canvas 0 to be _h1 & t !re 7 col\rs &   
v>ni%es  made = ! special purpose (     
oil-pa9t+4  ,z soon !re=e1 z 8  means   
w\ld all[1 he b\ght a small /ock ( !    
necess>y articles &  began afre%1--8    
amateur ma/] %[+ him h[ to pa9t2 & !    
pupil  succe$$ s well t he excell$ !    
ma/]'s copy4  ,8 fir/ picture  0 a copy 
f an engrav+ call$ 8,%eep-%e>+10 & 0    
aft]w>ds  sold by him = half-a-cr[n4    
,aid$ by a %ill+ ,guide to ,oil-pa9t+1  
he w5t on work+ at 8 leisure h\rs1 &    
gradually acquir$ a bett]  k ( 8        
mat]ials4  ,he made 8 own easel &       
palette1  palette-knife1 & pa9t-*e/2 he 
b\ght 8 pa9t1 bru%es1 & canvas1  z he   
c\ld raise ! money by work+ ov]-"t4     
,?is 0 ! sl5d]  fund :i* 8 p>5ts cons5t$

 to all[ him = ! purpose2 ! burd5  (    
support+ a v l>ge family preclud+ !m f  
do+ m4  ,(t5  he w\ld walk to ,man*e/] &
 back 9 ! ev5+s to buy two or ?ree      
%ill+s' wor? ( pa9t & canvas1 return+   
almo/ at midnight1 aft]  8 eighte5      
miles' walk1 sometimes wet ?r\gh &      
completely exhau/$1  b borne up ?r\gh\t 
by 8 inexhau/ible hope & inv9cible      
det]m9ation4  ,! fur!r progress ( !     
self-taught arti/ is be/  n>rat$ 9 8 own
 words1 z communicat$ by him 9 a lett]  
to !  au?or3--    8,! next pictures ,i  
pa9t$10 he says1 87 a ,l&scape by       
,moonlight1 a  ,fruitpiece1 & "o or two 
o!rs2 aft] :i* ,i conceiv$ ! idea (     
pa9t+ #8,! ,=ge4'  ,i _h = "s "t ?\ght  
ab\t x1 b _h n  attempt$ to embody !    
conception 9 a draw+4  ,i n[1 h[ev]1    
made a  sket* ( ! subject ^u pap]1 & !n 
proce$$ to pa9t x on  canvas4  ,!       
picture simply repres5ts ! int]ior ( a  
l>ge work%op  su* z ,i h be5 accu/om$ to
 "w 91 al?\gh n ( any p>ticul>  %op4  ,x
 is1 !re=e1 to ?is ext5t1 an orig9al    

conception4  ,hav+  made an outl9e ( !  
subject1 ,i f\nd t1 be=e ,i c\ld proce$ 
)  x successfully1 a k ( anatomy 0      
indisp5sable to enable me  accurately to
 del9eate ! muscles ( ! figures4  ,my   
bro!r ,pet]  came to my assi/ance at ?is
 juncture1 & k9dly pur*as$ = me         
,flaxman's #8,anatomical /udies1'--a "w 
altoge!r beyond my means at !  "t1 = x  
co/ tw5ty-f\r %ill+s4  ,?is book ,i     
look$ ^u z a  great treasure1 & ,i /udi$
 x labori\sly1 ris+ at ?ree o'clock 9  !
 morn+ to draw aft] x1 & occasionally   
gett+ my bro!r ,pet]  to /& = me z a    
model at t untimely h\r4  ,al?\gh ,i    
gradually  improv$ myself by ?is        
practice1 x 0 "s "t be=e ,i felt        
suffici5t confid5ce to g on ) my        
picture4  ,i also felt hamp]$ by  my    
want ( k ( p]spective1 :i* ,i endeav\r$ 
to rem$y by  c>efully /udy+ ,brook      
,taylor's #8,pr9ciples2' & %ortly aft]  
,i  resum$ my pa9t+4  ,:ile engag$ 9 !  
/udy ( p]spective at home1  ,i us$ to   
apply = & obta9 leave to "w at ! heavi] 

k9ds (  smi? "w at ! f\ndry1 & = ?is    
reason--! "t requir$ =  heat+ ! heavie/ 
iron "w is s mu* long] ?an t requir$ =  
heat+ ! light]1 t x enabl$ me to secure 
a numb] ( sp>e  m9utes 9 ! c\rse ( !    
day1 :i* ,i c>efully employ$ 9 mak+     
diagrams 9 p]spective ^u ! %eet iron    
cas+ 9 front ( ! he>?  at :i* ,i work$40
    ,?us assidu\sly work+ & /udy+1      
,james ,%>ples /eadily advanc$  9 8 k ( 
! pr9ciples ( art1 & acquir$ great]     
facility  9 its practice4  ,"s eighte5  
mon?s aft] ! expiry ( 8  appr5tice%ip he
 pa9t$ a portrait ( 8 fa!r1 :i* attract$
  consid]able notice 9 ! t[n2 z also did
 ! picture ( 8,! ,=ge10  :i* he f9i%$   
soon aft]4  ,8 success 9 portrait-pa9t+ 
obta9$  = him a commission f ! =eman ( !
 %op to pa9t a family  gr\p1 & ,%>ples  
execut$ x s well t ! =eman n only paid  
him ! agre$ price ( eighte5 p\nds1 b    
?irty %ill+s to boot4  ,:ile engag$ on  
?is gr\p he ceas$ to "w at ! f\ndry1 &  
he _h  ?\ghts ( giv+ up 8 trade altoge!r
 & devot+ himself  exclusively to pa9t+4

  ,he proce$$ to pa9t sev]al pictures1  
among/  o!rs a head ( ,*ri/1 an orig9al 
conception1 life-size1 & a view (       
,bury2 b n obta9+ suffici5t employm5t at
 portraits to occupy 8  "t1 or give him 
! prospect ( a /eady income1 he _h !    
good s5se  to resume 8 lea!r apron1 & g 
on work+ at 8 hone/ trade ( a           
blacksmi?2 employ+ 8 leisure h\rs 9     
engrav+ 8 picture ( 8,!  ,=ge10 s9ce    
publi%$4  ,he 0 induc$ to comm5ce !     
engrav+ by !  foll[+ circum/ance4  ,a   
,man*e/] picture-deal]1 to :om he %[$  !
 pa9t+1 let drop ! obs]vation1 t 9 ! h&s
 ( a skilful  engrav] x w\ld make a v   
good pr9t4  ,%>ples imm$iately conceiv$ 
! idea ( engrav+ x himself1 ?\gh        
altoge!r ignorant ( ! art4  ,!          
difficulties :i* he enc\nt]$ &          
successfully ov]came 9  c>ry+ out 8     
project are ?us describ$ by himself3--  
8,i _h se5 an adv]tisem5t ( a ,%effield 
/eel-plate mak]1 giv+ a  li/ ( ! prices 
at :i* he suppli$ plates ( v>i\s sizes1 
&1  fix+ ^u "o ( suitable dim5sions1 ,i 

remitt$ ! am\nt1 toge!r  ) a small      
additional sum = :i* ,i reque/$ him to  
s5d me a few  engrav+ tools4  ,i c\ld n 
specify ! articles want$1 = ,i did n  !n
 "k any?+ ab\t ! process ( engrav+4     
,h[ev]1 !re duly  arriv$ ) ! plate ?ree 
or f\r grav]s & an et*+ ne$le2 !  latt] 
,i spoil$ be=e ,i knew its use4  ,:ile  
work+ at ! plate1 !  ,amalgamat$        
,society ( ,eng9e]s (f]$ a premium = !  
be/ design  = an emblematical picture1 =
 :i* ,i det]m9$ to compete1 & ,i 0  s   
=tunate z to w9 ! prize4  ,%ortly aft]  
?is ,i remov$ to  ,blackburn1 :]e ,i    
obta9$ employm5t at ,messrs4 ,yates'1   
eng9e]s1 z  an eng9e-smi?2 & cont9u$ to 
employ my leisure "t 9 draw+1  pa9t+1 & 
engrav+1 z be=e4  ,) ! engrav+ ,i made b
 v  sl[ progress1 ow+ to ! difficulties 
,i exp]i5c$ f n  possess+ prop] tools4  
,i !n det]m9$ to try to make "s t  w\ld 
suit my purpose1 & aft] sev]al failures 
,i succe$$ 9 mak+  _m t ,i h us$ 9 !    
c\rse ( my engrav+4  ,i 0 also greatly  
at a loss = want ( a prop] magnify+     

glass1 & "p ( ! plate  0 execut$ ) no   
o!r assi/ance ( ?is sort ?an :at my     
fa!r's  spectacles af=d$1 ?\gh ,i       
aft]w>ds succe$$ 9 obta9+ a prop]       
magnifi]1 :i* 0 ( ! utmo/ use to me4    
,an incid5t occurr$ :ile  ,i 0 engrav+ !
 plate1 :i* _h almo/ caus$ me to ab&on x
  altoge!r4  ,x sometimes happ5$ t ,i 0 
oblig$ to lay x aside =  a consid]able  
"t1 :5 o!r "w press$2 & 9 ord] to gu>d x
  aga9/ ru/1 ,i 0 accu/om$ to rub ov] ! 
grav5 p>ts ) oil4  ,b on exam9+ ! plate 
aft] "o ( su* int]vals1 ,i f\nd t !  oil
 _h become a d>k /icky sub/ance         
extremely difficult to get out4  ,i     
tri$ to pick x out ) a ne$le1 b f\nd t x
 w\ld almo/ take  z mu* "t z to engrave 
! p>ts afre%4  ,i 0 9 great despair at  
?is1 b at l5g? hit ^u ! exp$i5t ( boil+ 
x 9 wat]  conta9+ soda1 & aft]w>ds rubb+
 ! engrav$ p>ts ) a  too?-bru%2 & to my 
delight f\nd ! plan succe$$ p]fectly4   
,my  greate/ difficulties n[ ov]1       
pati5ce & p]sev]ance 7 all t  7 ne$$ to 
br+ my lab\rs to a successful issue4  ,i

 _h nei!r  advice nor assi/ance f any "o
 9 f9i%+ ! plate4  ,if1  !re=e1 ! "w    
possess any m]it1 ,i c claim x z my own2
 & if  9 its accompli%m5t ,i h          
contribut$ to %[ :at c be done by       
p]sev]+ indu/ry & det]m9ation1 x is all 
! hon\r ,i wi% to  lay claim to40    ,x 
w\ld be beside our purpose to ent] ^u   
any criticism ( 8,! ,=ge0  z an engrav+2
 its m]its hav+ be5 already fully       
recognis$ by !  art j\rnals4  ,!        
execution ( ! "w occupi$ ,%>ples's      
leisure  ev5+ h\rs dur+ a p]iod ( five  
ye>s2 & x 0 only :5 he took  ! plate to 
! pr9t] t he = ! fir/ "t saw an engrav$ 
plate  produc$ by any o!r man4  ,to ?is 
unv>ni%$ picture ( indu/ry &  g5ius1 we 
add "o o!r trait1 & x is a dome/ic "o4  
8,i h be5  m>ri$ sev5 ye>s10 says he1 8&
 dur+ t "t my greate/  pleasure1 aft] ,i
 h f9i%$ my daily lab\r at ! f\ndry1 has
 be5  to resume my p5cil or grav]1      
frequ5tly until a late h\r ( !  ev5+1 my
 wife mean:ile sitt+ by my side & read+ 
to me f "s  int]e/+ book10--a simple b  

beautiful te/imony to ! ?or\gh  common  
s5se z well z ! g5u9e "r-he>t$ness ( ?is
 mo/  int]e/+ & des]v+ workman4    ,!   
same indu/ry & application :i* we h f\nd
 to be necess>y 9  ord] to acquire      
excell5ce 9 pa9t+ & sculpture1 are      
equally  requir$ 9 ! si/] art ( music--!
 "o be+ ! poetry ( =m &  col\r1 ! o!r ( 
! s\nds ( nature4  ,h&el 0 an           
indefatigable  & con/ant work]2 he 0    
nev] ca/ d[n by defeat1 b 8 en]gy  seem$
 to increase ! m t adv]sity /ruck him4  
,:5 a prey to  8 mortifications z an    
insolv5t debtor1 he did n give way = a  
mom5t1 b 9 "o ye> produc$ 8 #8,saul1'   
#8,israel1' ! music =  ,dryd5's #8,ode1'
 8 #8,twelve ,gr& ,conc]tos1' & ! op]a (
 #8,jupit]  9 ,argos1' among ! f9e/ ( 8 
works4  ,z 8 biograph] says ( him1  8,he
 brav$ ev]y?+1 &1 by 8 unaid$ self1     
accompli%$ ! "w (  twelve m540          
,haydn1 speak+ ( 8 art1 said1 8,x       
consi/s 9 tak+ up a subject &  pursu+   
x40  8,"w10 said ,moz>t1 8is my *ief    
pleasure40  ,bee?ov5's  fav\rite maxim  

01 8,! b>ri]s are n erect$ :i* c say to 
aspir+ tal5ts & indu/ry1 #8,?us f> & no 
f>!r4'0  ,:5  ,mos*eles submitt$ 8 score
 ( #8,fidelio' = ! pian(orte to         
,bee?ov51 ! latt] f\nd writt5 at !      
bottom ( ! la/ page1  8,f9is1 ) ,god's  
help40  ,bee?ov5 imm$iately wrote       
und]nea?1 8,o  man6 help ?yself60  ,?is 
0 ! motto ( 8 arti/ic life4  ,john      
,seba/ian ,ba* said ( himself1 8,i 0    
indu/ri\s2 :oev] is equally  s$ul\s1 w  
be equally successful40  ,b !re is no   
d\bt t ,ba*  0 born ) a passion = music1
 :i* =m$ ! ma9spr+ ( 8  indu/ry1 & 0 !  
true secret ( 8 success4  ,:5 a m]e y\?1
 8  eld] bro!r1 wi%+ to turn 8 abilities
 9 ano!r direction1  de/roy$ a          
collection ( /udies :i* ! "y ,seba/ian1 
be+ d5i$  c&les1 _h copi$ by moonlight2 
prov+ ! /rong natural b5t ( !  boy's    
g5ius4  ,( ,mey]be]1 ,bayle ?us wrote f 
,milan 9 #ahbj3--8;,he is  a man ( "s   
tal5t1 b no g5ius2 he lives solit>y1    
work+ fifte5  h\rs a day at music40     
,ye>s pass$1 & ,mey]be]'s h>d "w fully  

br\ght out 8 g5ius1 z display$ 9 8      
#8,rob]to1' #8,hugu5ots1'  #8,prophte1' 
& o!r works1 confess$ly among/ ! greate/
 op]as  :i* h be5 produc$ 9 mod]n times4
    ,al?\gh musical composition is n an 
art 9 :i* ,engli%m5 h z  yet greatly    
di/+ui%$ !mselves1 _! en]gies hav+ = !  
mo/  "p tak5 o!r & m practical          
directions1 we are n )\t native         
illu/rations ( ! p[] ( p]sev]ance 9 ?is 
special pursuit4  ,arne  0 an uphol/]]'s
 son1 int5d$ by 8 fa!r = ! legal        
pr(ession2 b 8 love ( music 0 s great1 t
 he c\ld n be  )held f pursu+ x4  ,:ile 
engag$ 9 an attorney's (fice1 8  means 7
 v limit$1 b1 to gratify 8 ta/es1 he 0  
accu/om$ to  borr[ a liv]y & g into !   
gall]y ( ! ,op]a1 !n appropriat$  to    
dome/ics4  ,unkn[n to 8 fa!r he made    
great progress ) !  viol91 & ! fir/ k 8 
fa!r _h ( ! circum/ance 0  :5           
accid5tally call+ at ! h\se ( a         
neighb\r+ g5tleman1 to  8 surprise &    
con/]nation he f\nd 8 son play+ ! lead+ 
in/rum5t ) a p>ty ( musicians4  ,?is    

incid5t decid$ ! fate (  ,arne4  ,8 fa!r
 (f]$ no fur!r opposition to 8 wi%es2 & 
!  _w !reby lo/ a lawy]1 b ga9$ a       
musician ( mu* ta/e &  delicacy ( feel+1
 :o add$ _m valuable works to our /ores 
(  ,engli% music4    ,! c>e] ( ! late   
,william ,jackson1 au?or ( #8,!         
,deliv]ance (  ,israel1' an oratorio :i*
 has be5 successfully p]=m$ 9 !         
pr9cipal t[ns ( 8 native c\nty ( ,york1 
furni%es an int]e/+  illu/ration ( !    
triumph ( p]sev]ance ov] difficulties 9 
!  pursuit ( musical sci5ce4  ,he 0 !   
son ( a mill] at ,ma%am1 a  little t[n  
situat$ 9 ! valley ( ! ,yore1 9 !       
nor?-we/ corn]  ( ,york%ire4  ,musical  
ta/e seems to h be5 h]$it>y 9 ! family1 
= 8 fa!r play$ ! fife 9 ! b& ( ! ,ma%am 
,volunte]s1 &  0 a s+] 9 ! p>i% *oir4   
,8 gr&fa!r also 0 lead+  s+] & r+] at   
,ma%am ,*ur*2 & "o ( ! boy's e>lie/     
musical  treats 0 to be pres5t at ! bell
 peal+ on ,sunday morn+s4  ,dur+  !     
s]vice1 8 wond] 0 /ill m excit$ by !    
organi/'s  p]=mance on ! b>rel-organ1 ! 

doors ( :i* 7 ?r[n op5  beh9d to let !  
s\nd fully into ! *ur*1 by :i* ! /ops1  
pipes1  b>rels1 /aples1 keybo>d1 &      
jacks1 7 fully expos$1 to !  wond]m5t ( 
! little boys sitt+ 9 ! gall]y beh9d1 & 
to none  m ?an our "y musician4  ,at    
eight ye>s ( age he began to play  ^u 8 
fa!r's old fife1 :i*1 h[ev]1 w\ld n s\nd
 ,d2 b 8  "m rem$i$ ! difficulty by buy+
 = him a "o-key$ flute2 &  %ortly aft]1 
a g5tleman ( ! neighb\rhood pres5t$ him 
) a  flute ) f\r silv] keys4  ,z ! boy  
made no progress ) 8 8book  le>n+10 be+ 
fond] ( cricket1 fives1 & box+1 ?an ( 8 
s*ool  lessons--! village s*oolma/] giv+
 him up z 8a bad job0--8 p>5ts  s5t him 
(f to a s*ool at ,pateley ,bridge4      
,:ile !re he f\nd  cong5ial society 9 a 
club ( village *oral s+]s at ,brigh\se  
,gate1  & ) !m he le>nt ! sol-fa-+ gamut
 on ! old ,engli% plan4  ,he  0 ?us well
 drill$ 9 ! read+ ( music1 9 :i* he soon
 became a  pr(ici5t4  ,8 progress       
a/oni%$ ! club1 & he return$ home full  
( musical ambition4  ,he n[ le>nt to    

play ^u 8 fa!r's old piano1  b ) little 
melodi\s result2 & he became eag] to    
possess a  f+]-organ1 b _h no means (   
procur+ "o4  ,ab\t ?is "t1 a  neighb\r+ 
p>i% cl]k _h pur*as$1 = an insignificant
 sum1 a  small disabl$ b>rel-organ1 :i* 
_h gone ! circuit ( ! nor!rn  c\nties ) 
a %[4  ,! cl]k tri$ to revive ! tones ( 
!  in/rum5t1 b fail$2 at la/ he be?\ght 
him t he w\ld try !  skill ( "y         
,jackson1 :o _h succe$$ 9 mak+ "s       
alt]ations &  improvem5ts 9 ! h&-organ (
 ! p>i% *ur*4  ,he accord+ly  br\ght x  
to ! lad's h\se 9 a donkey c>t1 & 9 a   
%ort "t !  in/rum5t 0 repair$1 & play$  
ov] its old tunes aga91 greatly to  !   
own]'s satisfaction4    ,! ?\ght n[     
haunt$ ! y\? t he c\ld make a           
b>rel-organ1 &  he det]m9$ to d s4  ,8  
fa!r & he set to "w1 & ?\gh  )\t        
practice 9 c>p5t]+1 yet1 by d9t ( h>d   
lab\r & aft]  _m failures1 !y at la/    
succe$$2 & an organ 0 con/ruct$ :i*     
play$ t5 tunes v dec5tly1 & ! in/rum5t 0
 g5]ally reg>d$  z a m>vel 9 !          

neighb\rhood4  ,"y ,jackson 0 n[        
frequ5tly s5t  = to repair old *ur*     
organs1 & to put new music ^u ! b>rels  
:i* he add$ to !m4  ,all ?is he         
accompli%$ to ! satisfaction (  8       
employ]s1 aft] :i* he proce$$ ) !       
con/ruction ( a  f\r-/op f+]-organ1     
adapt+ to x ! keys ( an old h>psi*ord4  
,?is he le>nt to play ^u1--/udy+        
#8,callcott's ,?or\gh ,bass' 9 !  ev5+1 
& work+ at 8 trade ( a mill] dur+ ! day2
  occasionally also tramp+ ab\t ! c\ntry
 z a 8cadg]10 ) an ass  & a c>t4  ,dur+ 
summ] he work$ 9 ! fields1 at turnip-"t1
  hay-"t1 & h>ve/1 b 0 nev] )\t ! solace
 ( music 9 8  leisure ev5+ h\rs4  ,he   
next tri$ 8 h& at musical composition1  
& twelve ( 8 an!ms 7 %[n to ! late ,mr4 
,camidge1 ( ,york1 z  8! production ( a 
mill]'s lad ( f\rte540  ,mr4 ,camidge 0 
pleas$  ) !m1 m>k$ ! objectionable      
passages1 & return$ !m ) !  enc\rag+    
rem>k1 t !y did ! y\? great cr$it1 & t  
he  mu/ 8g on writ+40    ,a village b&  
hav+ be5 set on foot at ,ma%am1 "y      

,jackson jo9$  x1 & 0 ultimately appo9t$
 lead]4  ,he play$ all ! in/rum5ts  by  
turns1 & ?us acquir$ a consid]able      
practical k ( 8  art3 he also compos$   
num]\s tunes = ! b&4  ,a new f+]-organ  
hav+ be5 pres5t$ to ! p>i% *ur*1 he 0   
appo9t$ !  organi/4  ,he n[ gave up 8   
employm5t z a j\rneyman mill]1 &        
comm5c$ tall[-*&l+1 /ill employ+ 8 sp>e 
h\rs 9 ! /udy  ( music4  ,9 #ahci he    
publi%$ 8 fir/ an!m--#8,= joy let f]tile
  valleys s+2' & 9 ! foll[+ ye> he ga9$ 
! fir/ prize f  ! ,hudd]sfield ,glee    
,club1 = 8 #8,si/]s ( ! ,lea4'  ,8 o!r  
an!m #8,god be m]ciful to u1' & ! #ajcrd
 ,psalm1 writt5 = a d\ble  *orus &      
or*e/ra1 are well kn[n4  ,9 ! mid/ ( ^! 
m9or works1  ,jackson proce$$ ) !       
composition ( 8 oratorio1--#8,!         
,deliv]ance  ( ,israel f ,babylon4'  ,8 
practice 01 to jot d[n a sket* ( !      
ideas z !y pres5t$ !mselves to 8 m9d1 & 
to write !m out 9  score 9 ! ev5+s1 aft]
 he _h left 8 "w 9 ! c&le-%op4  ,8      
oratorio 0 publi%$ 9 p>ts1 9 ! c\rse (  

#ahdd-e1 & he  publi%$ ! la/ *orus on 8 
tw5ty-n9? bir?day4  ,! "w 0  exce$+ly   
well receiv$1 & has be5 frequ5tly p]=m$ 
) mu*  success 9 ! nor!rn t[ns4  ,mr4   
,jackson ev5tually settl$ z a  pr(essor 
( music at ,brad=d1 :]e he contribut$ 9 
no small degree  to ! cultivation ( !   
musical ta/e ( t t[n & its              
neighb\rhood4  ,"s ye>s s9ce he _h !    
hon\r ( lead+ 8 f9e  company ( ,brad=d  
*oral s+]s be=e ,h] ,maje/y at ,buck+ham
  ,palace2 on :i* occasion1 z well z at 
! ,cry/al ,palace1 "s *oral  pieces ( 8 
composition1 7 p]=m$ ) great effect4    
#bja    ,su* is a brief outl9e ( ! c>e] 
( a self-taught musician1 ^:  life af=ds
 b ano!r illu/ration ( ! p[] (          
self-help1 & !  =ce ( c\rage & indu/ry 9
 enabl+ a man to surm\nt & ov]come  e>ly
 difficulties & ob/ructions ( no ord9>y 
k9d4          ,,*apt] ,,vii4  ,,indu/ry 
,,& ,,! ,,pe]age4          8,he ei!r    
fe>s 8 fate too mu*1      ,or 8 des]ts  
are small1      ,t d>es n put x to !    
t\*1      ,to ga9 or lose x             

all40--,m>quis ( ,montrose4        8,he 
ha? put d[n ! mighty f _! seats2 &      
exalt$ !m (      l[ degree40--,/4 ,luke4
    ,,we h already ref]r$ to "s         
illu/ri\s ,common]s rais$ f humble  to  
elevat$ positions by ! p[] ( application
 & indu/ry2 & we  might po9t to ev5 !   
,pe]age itself z af=d+ equally          
in/ructive  examples4  ,"o reason :y !  
,pe]age ( ,engl& has succe$$ s well 9   
hold+ its own1 arises f ! fact t1 unlike
 ! pe]ages ( o!r  c\ntries1 x has be5   
f$1 f "t to "t1 by ! be/ indu/rial      
blood ( ! c\ntry--! v 8liv]1 he>t1 &    
bra9 ( ,brita940  ,l  ! fabl$ ,antu1 x  
has be5 invigorat$ & refre%$ by t\*+ its
  "m e>?1 & m+l+ ) t mo/ anci5t ord] (  
nobility--!  work+ ord]4    ,! blood (  
all m5 fl[s f equally remote s\rces2 &  
?\gh "s  are unable to trace _! l9e     
directly beyond _! gr&fa!rs1 all  are   
nev]!less ju/ifi$ 9 plac+ at ! head ( _!
 p$igree !  great prog5itors ( ! race1 z
 ,"l ,*e/]field did :5 he wrote1        
8,,adam de ,/anhope--,,eve de ,/anhope40

  ,no class is ev] long  /ation>y4  ,!  
mighty fall1 & ! humble are exalt$4     
,new families  take ! place ( ! old1 :o 
disappe> among ! ranks ( ! common  p4   
,burke's #8,vicissitudes ( ,families'   
/rik+ly exhibit ?is rise  & fall (      
families1 & %[ t ! mis=tunes :i* ov]take
 !  ri* & noble are great] 9 proportion 
?an ^? :i* ov]:elm !  poor4  ,?is au?or 
po9ts out t ( ! tw5ty-five b>ons select$
 to  en=ce ! obs]vance ( ,magna ,*>ta1  
!re is n n[ 9 ! ,h\se (  ,pe]s a s+le   
male desc5dant4  ,civil w>s & rebellions
 ru9$ _m (  ! old nobility & disp]s$ _! 
families4  ,yet _! desc5dants 9  _m     
cases survive1 & are to be f\nd among ! 
ranks ( ! p4  ,full] wrote 9 8          
#8,wor?ies1' t 8"s :o ju/ly hold !      
surnames  ( ,bohuns1 ,mortim]s1 &       
,plantag5ets1 are hid 9 ! heap ( common 
m540  ,?us ,burke %[s t two ( ! l9eal   
desc5dants ( ! ,e>l (  ,k5t1 six? son ( 
,edw>d ,i41 7 discov]$ 9 a but*] & a    
toll-ga!r]2 t ! great gr&son ( ,m>g>et  
,plantag5et1 daught]  ( ! ,duke (       

,cl>ance1 sank to ! condition ( a cobbl]
 at ,newport1  9 ,%rop%ire2 & t among ! 
l9eal desc5dants ( ! ,duke (  ,gl\ce/]1 
son ( ,edw>d ,,iii41 0 ! late sexton (  
,/4 ,george's1  ,hanov] ,squ>e4  ,x is  
und]/ood t ! l9eal desc5dant ( ,simon de
  ,mont=t1 ,engl&'s premi] b>on1 is a   
saddl] 9 ,tooley ,/reet4  ,"o (  !      
desc5dants ( ! 8,pr\d ,p]cys10 a        
claimant ( ! title ( ,duke (            
,nor?umb]l&1 0 a ,dubl9 trunk-mak]2 & n 
_m ye>s s9ce "o (  ! claimants = ! title
 ( ,e>l ( ,p]? pres5t$ himself 9 !      
p]son ( a lab\r] 9 a ,nor?umb]l&        
coal-pit4  ,hugh ,mill]1 :5  work+ z a  
/one-mason ne> ,ed9burgh1 0 s]v$ by a   
hodman1 :o 0  "o ( ! num]\s claimants = 
! e>ldom ( ,crau=d--all t 0  want$ to   
e/abli% 8 claim be+ a miss+ m>riage     
c]tificate2 &  :ile ! "w 0 go+ on1 ! cry
 res\nd$ f ! walls _m times  9 ! day1   
(--8,john1 ,ye>l ,crau=d1 br+ u ani!r   
hod o'lime40  ,"o  ( ,oliv] ,cromwell's 
great gr&sons 0 a groc] on ,sn[ ,hill1 &
  o!rs ( 8 desc5dants di$ 9 great       

pov]ty4  ,_m b>ons ( pr\d  names &      
titles h p]i%$1 l ! slo?1 ^u _! family  
tree1  aft] eat+ up all ! leaves2 :ile  
o!rs h be5 ov]tak5 by  adv]sities :i* !y
 h be5 unable to retrieve1 & sunk at la/
  into pov]ty & obscurity4  ,su* are !  
mutabilities ( rank &  =tune4    ,!     
great bulk ( our pe]age is comp>atively 
mod]n1 s f> z !  titles g2 b x is n !   
less noble t x has be5 recruit$ to s    
l>ge an ext5t f ! ranks ( hon\rable     
indu/ry4  ,9 old5 times1  ! weal? &     
comm]ce ( ,london1 conduct$ z x 0 by    
en]getic &  ent]pris+ m51 0 a prolific  
s\rce ( pe]ages4  ,?us1 ! e>ldom  (     
,cornwallis 0 f\nd$ by ,?omas           
,cornwallis1 ! ,*eapside m]*ant2  t (   
,essex by ,william ,capel1 ! drap]2 & t 
( ,crav5 by ,william  ,crav51 ! m]*ant  
tailor4  ,! mod]n ,e>l ( ,w>wick is n   
desc5d$  f ! 8,k+-mak]10 b f ,william   
,greville1 ! wool/apl]2 :il/  ! mod]n   
dukes ( ,nor?umb]l& f9d _! head1 n 9 !  
,p]cies1  b 9 ,hugh ,smi?son1 a         
respectable ,london apo!c>y4  ,! f\nd]s 

(  ! families ( ,d>tm\?1 ,radnor1       
,ducie1 & ,pomfret1 7 respectively  a   
sk9n]1 a silk manufactur]1 a m]*ant     
tailor1 & a ,calais m]*ant2  :il/ !     
f\nd]s ( ! pe]ages ( ,tank]ville1       
,dorm]1 & ,cov5try1  7 m]c]s4  ,!       
ance/ors ( ,e>l ,romney1 & ,"l ,dudley &
 ,w>d1  7 goldsmi?s & jewell]s2 & ,"l   
,dacres 0 a bank] 9 ! reign  ( ,*>les   
,i41 z ,"l ,ov]/one is 9 t ( ,que5      
,victoria4  ,edw>d  ,osborne1 ! f\nd] ( 
! ,duk$om ( ,le$s1 0 appr5tice to       
,william  ,hewet1 a ri* clo?work] on    
,london ,bridge1 ^: only daught] he     
c\rage\sly rescu$ f dr[n+1 by leap+ into
 ! ,?ames aft] h]1  & ev5tually m>ri$4  
,among o!r pe]ages f\nd$ by trade are ^?
  ( ,fitzwilliam1 ,leigh1 ,petre1 ,c[p]1
 ,d>nley1 ,hill1 & ,c>r+ton4  ,!  f\nd]s
 ( ! h\ses ( ,foley & ,normanby 7       
rem>kable m5 9 _m  respects1 &1 z       
furni%+ /rik+ examples ( en]gy ( "*1  ! 
/ory ( _! lives is wor?y ( pres]vation4 
,! fa!r ( ,ri*>d ,foley1 ! f\nd] ( !    
family1 0 a small  yeoman liv+ 9 !      

neighb\rhood ( ,/\rbridge 9 ! "t (      
,*>les  ,i4  ,t place 0 !n ! c5tre ( !  
iron manufacture ( ! midl&  di/ricts1 & 
,ri*>d 0 br\ght up to "w at "o ( !      
bran*es (  ! trade--t ( nail-mak+4  ,he 
0 ?us a daily obs]v] ( ! great  lab\r & 
loss ( "t caus$ by ! clumsy process !n  
adopt$ =  divid+ ! rods ( iron 9 !      
manufacture ( nails4  ,x appe>$ t  !    
,/\rbridge nail]s 7 gradually los+ _!   
trade 9 consequ5ce  ( ! importation (   
nails f ,sw$51 by :i* !y 7 und]sold 9  !
 m>ket4  ,x became kn[n t ! ,sw$es 7    
enabl$ to make _!  nails s mu* *eap]1 by
 ! use ( splitt+ mills & ma*9]y1 :i*  _h
 completely sup]s$$ ! labori\s process (
 prep>+ ! rods =  nail-mak+ !n practis$ 
9 ,engl&4    ,ri*>d ,foley1 hav+        
asc]ta9$ ?is mu*1 det]m9$ to make       
himself  ma/] ( ! new process4  ,he     
sudd5ly disappe>$ f !  neighb\rhood (   
,/\rbridge1 & 0 n he>d ( = sev]al ye>s4 
,no  "o knew :i!r he _h gone1 n ev5 8   
own family2 = he _h n  in=m$ !m ( 8     
int5tion1 le/ he %\ld fail4  ,he _h     

little or no  money 9 8 pocket1 b       
contriv$ to get to ,hull1 :]e he engag$ 
himself on bo>d a %ip b\nd = a ,sw$i%   
port1 & work$ 8 passage  !re4  ,! only  
article ( prop]ty :i* he possess$ 0 8   
fiddle1  & on l&+ 9 ,sw$5 he begg$ &    
fiddl$ 8 way to ! ,dannemora  m9es1 ne> 
,upsala4  ,he 0 a capital musician1 z   
well z a pleasant  fell[1 & soon        
+ratiat$ himself ) ! iron-work]s4  ,he 0
  receiv$ into ! works1 to e "p ( :i* he
 _h access2 & he  seiz$ ! opportunity   
?us af=d$ him ( /or+ 8 m9d )            
obs]vations1 & ma/]+1 z he ?\ght1 !     
me*anism ( iron  splitt+4  ,aft] a      
cont9u$ /ay = ?is purpose1 he sudd5ly   
disappe>$ f among/ 8 k9d fri5ds !       
m9]s--no "o knew :i!r4    ,return$ to   
,engl&1 he communicat$ ! results ( 8    
voyage to ,mr4  ,knight & ano!r p]son at
 ,/\rbridge1 :o _h suffici5t confid5ce  
9 him to advance ! requisite funds = !  
purpose ( erect+  build+s & ma*9]y =    
splitt+ iron by ! new process4  ,b :5   
set to "w1 to ! great vexation &        

disappo9tm5t ( all1 &  especially (     
,ri*>d ,foley1 x 0 f\nd t ! ma*9]y w\ld 
n  act--at all ev5ts x w\ld n split !   
b>s ( iron4  ,aga9 ,foley  disappe>$4   
,x 0 ?\ght t %ame & mortification at 8  
failure  _h driv5 him away = ev]4  ,n s6
  ,foley _h det]m9$ to ma/]  ?is secret 
( iron-splitt+1 & he w\ld yet d x4  ,he 
_h aga9 set  out = ,sw$51 accompani$ by 
8 fiddle z be=e1 & f\nd 8 way to  ! iron
 works1 :]e he 0 joyfully welcom$ by !  
m9]s2 &1 to  make sure ( _! fiddl]1 !y  
?is "t lodg$ him 9 ! v  splitt+-mill    
itself4  ,!re 0 su* an app>5t abs5ce (  
intellig5ce ab\t ! man1 except 9        
fiddle-play+1 t ! m9]s  ent]ta9$ no     
suspicions z to ! object ( _! m9/rel1   
:om !y  ?us enabl$ to atta9 ! v end &   
aim ( 8 life4  ,he n[  c>efully exam9$ !
 works1 & soon discov]$ ! cause ( 8     
failure4  ,he made draw+s or trac+s ( ! 
ma*9]y z well z he  c\ld1 ?\gh ?is 0 a  
bran* ( art q new to him2 & aft]  rema9+
 at ! place long en\gh to enable him to 
v]ify 8  obs]vations1 & to impress !    

me*anical arrangem5ts cle>ly &  vividly 
on 8 m9d1 he aga9 left ! m9]s1 rea*$ a  
,sw$i% port1  & took %ip = ,engl&4  ,a  
man ( su* purpose c\ld n b succe$4      
,arriv$ among/ 8 surpris$ fri5ds1 he n[ 
complet$ 8 arrangem5ts1  & ! results 7  
entirely successful4  ,by 8 skill & 8   
indu/ry  he soon laid ! f\ndations ( a  
l>ge =tune1 at ! same "t t he  re/or$ ! 
bus9ess ( an ext5sive di/rict4  ,he     
himself cont9u$1  dur+ 8 life1 to c>ry  
on 8 trade1 aid+ & enc\rag+ all works  (
 b5evol5ce 9 8 neighb\rhood4  ,he f\nd$ 
& end[$ a s*ool at  ,/\rbridge2 & 8 son 
,?omas 7a great b5efactor ( ,kidd]m9/]71
  :o 0 ,high ,%]iff ( ,worce/]%ire 9 !  
"t ( 8,! ,rump10 f\nd$  & end[$ an      
hospital1 /ill 9 exi/5ce1 = ! free      
education (  *ildr5 at ,old ,sw9=d4     
,all ! e>ly ,foleys 7 ,puritans4  ,ri*>d
  ,baxt] seems to h be5 on famili> &    
intimate t]ms ) v>i\s  memb]s ( !       
family1 & makes frequ5t m5tion ( !m 9 8 
#8,life  & ,times4'  ,?omas ,foley1 :5  
appo9t$ high %]iff ( ! c\nty1  reque/$  

,baxt] to prea* ! cu/om>y s]mon be=e    
him2 & ,baxt] 9  8 #8,life' speaks ( him
 z 8( s j & blameless deal+1 t all  m5  
he ev] _h to d ) magnifi$ 8 great       
integrity & hone/y1  :i* 7 que/ion$ by  
none40  ,! family 0 ennobl$ 9 ! reign ( 
,*>les ! ,second4    ,william ,phipps1 !
 f\nd] ( ! ,mulgrave or ,normanby       
family1 0 a man  q z rem>kable 9 8 way z
 ,ri*>d ,foley4  ,8 fa!r 0 a  gunsmi?--a
 robu/ ,engli%man settl$ at ,woolwi*1 9 
,ma9e1 !n =m+  "p ( our ,engli% colonies
 9 ,am]ica4  ,he 0 born 9 #afea1 "o ( a 
family ( n few] ?an tw5ty-six *ildr5 7( 
:om tw5ty-"o 7  sons71 ^: only =tune lay
 9 _! /\t he>ts & /rong arms4  ,william 
seems to h _h a da% ( ! ,dani%-sea blood
 9 8 ve9s1  & did n take k9dly to !     
quiet life ( a %eph]d 9 :i* he sp5t  8  
e>ly ye>s4  ,by nature bold & adv5tur\s1
 he long$ to become a  sailor & roam    
?r\gh ! _w4  ,he s\ght to jo9 "s %ip2 b 
n  be+ able to f9d "o1 he appr5tic$     
himself to a %ipbuild]1 )  :om he       
?or\ghly le>nt 8 trade1 acquir+ ! arts (

 read+ &  writ+ dur+ 8 leisure h\rs4    
,hav+ complet$ 8 appr5tice%ip  & remov$ 
to ,bo/on1 he woo$ & m>ri$ a wid[ ( "s  
means1 aft]  :i* he set up a little     
%ipbuild+ y>d ( 8 own1 built a %ip1 &1  
putt+ to sea 9 h]1 he engag$ 9 ! lumb]  
trade1 :i* he c>ri$  on 9 a plodd+ &    
labori\s way = ! space ( ab\t t5 ye>s4  
,x happ5$ t "o day1 :il/ pass+ ?r\gh !  
crook$ /reets (  old ,bo/on1 he ov]he>d 
"s sailors talk+ to ea* o!r ( a wreck   
:i* _h j tak5 place (f ! ,bahamas2 t ( a
 ,spani% %ip1  suppos$ to h mu* money on
 bo>d4  ,8 adv5tur\s _s 0 at once       
k9dl$1 & gett+ toge!r a likely crew )\t 
loss ( "t1 he set  sail = ! ,bahamas4   
,! wreck be+ well 9-%ore1 he easily f\nd
 x1  & succe$$ 9 recov]+ a great deal ( 
its c>go1 b v little  money2 & ! result 
01 t he b>ely defray$ 8 exp5ses4  ,8    
success _h be5 su*1 h[ev]1 z to /imulate
 8 ent]pris+ _s2  & :5 he 0 told ( ano!r
 & f> m ri*ly lad5 vessel :i*  _h be5   
wreck$ ne> ,port de la ,plata m ?an half
 a c5tury be=e1  he =?) =m$ ! resolution

 ( rais+ ! wreck1 or at all ev5ts  (    
fi%+ up ! treasure4    ,be+ too poor1   
h[ev]1 to und]take su* an ent]prise )\t 
p[]ful  help1 he set sail = ,engl& 9 !  
hope t he might !re obta9 x4  ,! fame ( 
8 success 9 rais+ ! wreck (f ! ,bahamas 
_h already  prec$$ him4  ,he appli$     
direct to ! ,gov]nm5t4  ,by 8 urg5t     
en?usiasm1 he succe$$ 9 ov]com+ ! usual 
in]tia ( (ficial  m9ds2 & ,*>les ,,ii4  
ev5tually plac$ at 8 disposal ! 8,rose  
,algi]10 a %ip ( eighte5 guns &         
n9ety-five m51 appo9t+ him to  ! *ief   
comm&4    ,phipps !n set sail to f9d !  
,spani% %ip & fi% up ! treasure4  ,he   
rea*$ ! coa/ ( ,hispaniola 9 safety2 b  
h[ to f9d ! sunk5  %ip 0 ! great        
difficulty4  ,! fact ( ! wreck 0 m ?an  
fifty  ye>s old2 & ,phipps _h only !    
tradition>y rum\rs ( ! ev5t to  "w ^u4  
,!re 0 a wide coa/ to explore1 & an     
outspread ocean  )\t any trace :atev] ( 
! argosy :i* lay some:]e at its  bottom4
  ,b ! man 0 /\t 9 he>t & full ( hope4  
,he set 8  seam5 to "w to drag along !  

coa/1 & = weeks !y w5t on  fi%+ up      
sea-we$1 %+le1 & bits ( rock4  ,no      
occupation c\ld be  m try+ to seam51 &  
!y began to grumble "o to ano!r1 & to   
:isp] t ! man 9 comm& _h br\ght !m on a 
fool's err&4    ,at l5g? ! murmur]s ga9$
 head1 & ! m5 broke into op5 mut9y4  ,a 
body ( !m ru%$ "o day on to !           
qu>t]-deck1 & dem&$ t  ! voyage %\ld be 
rel9qui%$4  ,phipps1 h[ev]1 0 n a man to
 be  intimidat$2 he seiz$ ! r+lead]s1 & 
s5t ! o!rs back to _!  duty4  ,x became 
necess>y to br+ ! %ip to an*or close to 
a small  isl& = ! purpose ( repairs2 &1 
to light5 h]1 ! *ief "p (  ! /ores 0    
l&$4  ,discont5t /ill increas+ among/ ! 
crew1 a  new plot 0 laid among/ ! m5 on 
%ore to seize ! %ip1 ?r[  ,phipps       
ov]bo>d1 & />t on a piratical cruize    
aga9/ ! ,spani>ds  9 ! ,s\? ,seas4  ,b x
 0 necess>y to secure ! s]vices ( !     
*ief %ip c>p5t]1 :o 0 consequ5tly made  
privy to ! pilot4  ,?is  man prov$      
fai?ful1 & at once told ! capta9 ( 8    
dang]4  ,summon+ ab\t him ^? :om he knew

 to be loyal1 ,phipps _h ! %ip's  guns  
load$ :i* comm&$ ! %ore1 & ord]$ !      
bridge  communicat+ ) ! vessel to be    
drawn up4  ,:5 ! mut9e]s made  _!       
appe>ance1 ! capta9 hail$ !m1 & told !  
m5 he w\ld fire  ^u !m if !y approa*$ ! 
/ores 7/ill on l&71--:5 !y drew  back2  
on :i* ,phipps _h ! /ores re%ipp$ "u    
cov] ( 8 guns4  ,! mut9e]s1 fe>ful ( be+
 left ^u ! b>r5 isl&1 ?rew d[n  _! arms 
& implor$ to be p]mitt$ to return to _! 
duty4  ,!  reque/ 0 grant$1 & suitable  
precautions 7 tak5 aga9/ future         
mis*ief4  ,phipps1 h[ev]1 took ! fir/   
opportunity ( l&+ !  mut9\s "p ( ! crew1
 & engag+ o!r m5 9 _! places2 b1  by !  
"t t he c\ld aga9 proce$ actively ) 8   
explorations1  he f\nd x absolutely     
necess>y to proce$ to ,engl& = ! purpose
 (  repair+ ! %ip4  ,he _h n[1 h[ev]1   
ga9$ m precise in=mation  z to ! spot   
:]e ! ,spani% treasure %ip _h sunk2 &1  
?\gh z  yet baffl$1 he 0 m confid5t ?an 
ev] ( ! ev5tual success (  8 ent]prise4 
,return$ to ,london1 ,phipps report$ !  

result ( 8 voyage to !  ,admiralty1 :o  
pr(ess$ to be pleas$ ) 8 ex]tions2 b he 
_h  be5 unsuccessful1 & !y w\ld n entru/
 him ) ano!r k+'s  %ip4  ,james ,,ii4 0 
n[ on ! ?rone1 & ! ,gov]nm5t 0 9        
tr\ble2 s ,phipps & 8 gold5 project     
appeal$ to !m 9 va94  ,he  next tri$ to 
raise ! requisite means by a public     
subscription4  ,at  fir/ he 0 laugh$ at2
 b 8 ceaseless importunity at l5g?      
prevail$1 & aft] f\r ye>s' d9n+ ( 8     
project into ! e>s (  ! great &         
influ5tial--dur+ :i* "t he liv$ 9       
pov]ty--he at  l5g? succe$$4  ,a company
 0 =m$ 9 tw5ty %>es1 ! ,duke (          
,alb]m>le1 son ( ,g5]al ,monk1 tak+ !   
*ief int]e/ 9 x1 &  subscrib+ ! pr9cipal
 "p ( ! necess>y fund = ! prosecution  (
 ! ent]prise4    ,l ,foley1 ,phipps     
prov$ m =tunate 9 8 second voyage ?an 9 
8  fir/4  ,! %ip arriv$ )\t accid5t at  
,port de la ,plata1 9 !  neighb\rhood ( 
! reef ( rocks suppos$ to h be5 ! sc5e (
 !  wreck4  ,8 fir/ object 0 to build a 
/\t boat capable ( c>ry+  eight or t5   

o>s1 9 con/ruct+ :i* ,phipps us$ ! adze 
himself4  ,x is also said t he con/ruct$
 a ma*9e = ! purpose (  explor+ ! bottom
 ( ! sea simil> to :at is n[ kn[n z !   
,div+ ,bell4  ,su* a ma*9e 0 f\nd ref]r$
 to 9 books1 b ,phipps  knew little (   
books1 & may be said to h re-inv5t$ !   
app>atus  = 8 own use4  ,he also engag$ 
,indian div]s1 ^: feats ( div+  = pe>ls1
 & 9 subm>9e op]ations1 7 v rem>kable4  
,!  t5d] & boat hav+ be5 tak5 to ! reef1
 ! m5 7 set to "w1  ! div+ bell 0 sunk1 
& ! v>i\s modes ( dragg+ ! bottom (  !  
sea 7 employ$ cont9u\sly = _m weeks1 b  
)\t any  prospect ( success4  ,phipps1  
h[ev]1 held on valiantly1 hop+ almo/    
aga9/ hope4  ,at l5g?1 "o day1 a sailor1
 look+ ov] ! boat's side  d[n into !    
cle> wat]1 obs]v$ a curi\s sea-plant    
gr[+ 9 :at  appe>$ to be a crevice ( !  
rock2 & he call$ ^u an ,indian div]  to 
g d[n & fet* x = him4  ,on ! r$ man com+
 up ) ! we$1  he report$ t a numb] (    
%ips guns 7 ly+ 9 ! same place4  ,!     
intellig5ce 0 at fir/ receiv$ )         

incr$ulity1 b on fur!r  inve/igation x  
prov$ to be correct4  ,se>* 0 made1 &   
pres5tly a  div] came up ) a solid b> ( 
silv] 9 8 arms4  ,:5 ,phipps 0  %[n x1  
he exclaim$1 8,?anks be to ,god6 we are 
all made m540  ,div+  bell & div]s n[   
w5t to "w ) a w1 & 9 a few days1        
treasure  0 br\ght up to ! value ( ab\t 
#cjj1jjj1 ) :i* ,phipps set sail  =     
,engl&4  ,on 8 arrival1 x 0 urg$ ^u ! k+
 t he %\ld  seize ! %ip & its c>go1 "u !
 pret5ce t ,phipps1 :5  solicit+ 8      
,maje/y's p]mission1 _h n giv5 accurate 
in=mation  respect+ ! bus9ess4  ,b ! k+ 
repli$1 t he knew ,phipps to be  an     
hone/ man1 & t he & 8 fri5ds %\ld divide
 ! :ole  treasure among/ !m1 ev5 ?\gh he
 _h return$ ) d\ble ! value4  ,phipps's 
%>e 0 ab\t #bj1jjj1 & ! k+1 to %[ 8     
approval (  8 en]gy & hone/y 9 conduct+ 
! ent]prise1 conf]r$ ^u him  ! hon\r (  
knigh?ood4  ,he 0 also made ,high ,%]iff
 ( ,new ,engl&2  & dur+ ! "t he held !  
(fice1 he did valiant s]vice = !  "m    
c\ntry & ! coloni/s aga9/ ! ,fr5*1 by   

exp$itions  aga9/ ,port ,royal &        
,quebec4  ,he also held ! po/ ( ,gov]nor
 (  ,massa*usetts1 f :i* he return$ to  
,engl&1 & di$ 9 ,london 9  #afie4       
,phipps ?r\gh\t ! latt] "p ( 8 c>e]1 0 n
 a%am$ to  allude to ! l[ness ( 8 orig91
 & x 0 matt] ( hone/ pride to  him t he 
_h ris5 f ! condition ( common %ip      
c>p5t] to !  hon\rs ( knigh?ood & !     
gov]nm5t ( a prov9ce4  ,:5 p]plex$  )   
public bus9ess1 he w\ld (t5 decl>e t x  
w\ld be easi] =  him to g back to 8     
broad axe aga94  ,he left beh9d him a "*
  = probity1 hone/y1 patriotism1 &      
c\rage1 :i* is c]ta9ly n !  lea/ noble  
inh]itance ( ! h\se ( ,normanby4        
,william ,petty1 ! f\nd] ( ! h\se (     
,lansd[ne1 0 a man ( l  en]gy & public  
usefulness 9 8 day4  ,he 0 ! son ( a    
clo?i] 9  humble circum/ances1 at       
,romsey1 9 ,hamp%ire1 :]e he 0 born 9   
#afbc4  ,9 8 boyhood he obta9$ a        
tol]able education at ! gramm> s*ool (  
8 native t[n2 aft] :i* he det]m9$ to    
improve himself by /udy at  ! ,univ]sity

 ( ,ca51 9 ,norm&y4  ,:il/ !re he       
contriv$ to  support himself unassi/$ by
 8 fa!r1 c>ry+ on a sort ( small  p$l]'s
 trade ) 8a little /ock ( m]*&ise40     
,return+ to  ,engl&1 he _h himself b\nd 
appr5tice to a sea capta91 :o 8drubb$   
him ) a rope's end0 = ! badness ( 8     
sight4  ,he left ! navy 9  disgu/1 tak+ 
to ! /udy ( m$ic9e4  ,:5 at ,p>is he    
engag$ 9  dissection1 dur+ :i* "t he    
also drew diagrams = ,hobbes1 :o 0  !n  
writ+ 8 treatise on ,optics4  ,he 0     
r$uc$ to su* pov]ty t  he subsi/$ = two 
or ?ree weeks entirely on walnuts4  ,b  
aga9 he  began to trade 9 a small way1  
turn+ an hone/ p5ny1 & he 0  enabl$     
%ortly to return to ,engl& ) money 9 8  
pocket4  ,be+ (  an +5i\s me*anical     
turn1 we f9d him tak+ out a pat5t = a   
lett]-copy+ ma*9e4  ,he began to write  
^u ! arts & sci5ces1  & practis$ *emi/ry
 & physic ) su* success t 8 reputation  
%ortly became consid]able4  ,associat+ )
 m5 ( sci5ce1 !  project ( =m+ a        
,society = its prosecution 0 discuss$1 &

 !  fir/ meet+s ( ! infant ,royal       
,society 7 held at 8 lodg+s4  ,at  ,ox=d
 he act$ = a "t z deputy to ! anatomical
 pr(essor !re1  :o _h a great repugnance
 to dissection4  ,9 #afeb 8 indu/ry 0   
rew>d$ by ! appo9tm5t ( physician to !  
army 9 ,irel&1 :i!r  he w5t2 & :il/ !re 
he 0 ! m$ical att5dant ( ?ree           
successive lords-lieut5ant1 ,lamb]t1    
,fleetwood1 & ,h5ry ,cromwell4  ,l>ge   
grants ( =feit$ l& hav+ be5 aw>d$ to !  
,puritan  soldi]y1 ,petty obs]v$ t ! l&s
 7 v inaccurately measur$2  & 9 ! mid/ (
 8 _m avocations he und]took to d ! "w  
himself4  ,8 appo9tm5ts became s num]\s 
& lucrative t he 0  *>g$ by ! envi\s )  
corruption1 & remov$ f !m all2 b he  0  
aga9 tak5 into fav\r at ! ,re/oration4  
,petty 0 a mo/ indefatigable contriv]1  
inv5tor1 & organiz] (  indu/ry4  ,"o ( 8
 inv5tions 0 a d\ble-bottom$ %ip1 to    
sail  aga9/ w9d & tide4  ,he publi%$    
treatises on dye+1 on naval  philosophy1
 on wooll5 clo? manufacture1 on         
political ari?metic1 &  _m o!r subjects4

  ,he f\nd$ iron works1 op5$ lead m9es1 
&  comm5c$ a pil*>d fi%]y & a timb]     
trade2 9 ! mid/ ( :i* he  f\nd "t to    
take "p 9 ! discussions ( ! ,royal      
,society1 to :i*  he l>gely contribut$4 
,he left an ample =tune to 8 sons1 !    
elde/  ( :om 0 creat$ ,b>on ,%elburne4  
,8 w 0 a curi\s docum5t1  s+ul>ly       
illu/rative ( 8 "*2 conta9+ a detail ( !
  pr9cipal ev5ts ( 8 life1 & ! gradual  
advancem5t ( 8 =tune4  ,8 s5tim5ts on   
paup]ism are *>act]i/ic3 8,z = legacies 
= !  poor10 said he1 8,i am at a /&2 z =
 begg>s by trade & election1 ,i  give !m
 no?+2 z = impot5ts by ! h& ( ,god1 !   
public ought  to ma9ta9 !m2 z = ^? :o h 
be5 br$ to no call+ nor  e/ate1 !y %\ld 
be put ^u _! k9dr$20 4 4 4  8:]e=e ,i am
  cont5t$ t ,i h assi/$ all my poor     
relations1 & put _m into a  way ( gett+ 
_! own bread2 h lab\r$ 9 public works2 &
 by  inv5tions h s\ght out real objects 
( *>ity2 & ,i d h]eby  conjure all :o   
p>take ( my e/ate1 f "t to "t1 to d !   
same  at _! p]il4  ,nev]!less to answ]  

cu/om1 & to take ! sur]  side1 ,i give  
#bjl4 to ! mo/ want+ ( ! p>i% :]e9 ,i   
die40  ,he  0 int]r$ 9 ! f9e old ,norman
 *ur* ( ,romsey--! t[n :]e9 he  0 born a
 poor man's son--& on ! s\? side ( !    
*oir is /ill to  be se5 a pla9 slab1 ) !
 inscription1 cut by an illit]ate       
workman1  8,"h ,layes ,sir ,william     
,petty40    ,ano!r family1 ennobl$ by   
inv5tion & trade 9 our own day1 is t  ( 
,/rutt ( ,belp]4  ,_! pat5t ( nobility 0
 virtually secur$ by  ,j$$iah ,/rutt 9  
#ageh1 :5 he inv5t$ 8 ma*9e = mak+ ribb$
  /ock+s1 & !reby laid ! f\ndations ( a 
=tune :i* !  subsequ5t be>]s ( ! "n h   
l>gely increas$ & nobly employ$4  ,!    
fa!r ( ,j$$iah 0 a f>m] & mal/]1 :o did 
b little =  ! education ( 8 *ildr52 yet 
!y all prosp]$4  ,j$$iah 0 !  second    
son1 & :5 a boy assi/$ 8 fa!r 9 ! "w ( !
 f>m4  ,at an e>ly age he exhibit$ a    
ta/e = me*anics1 & introduc$  sev]al    
improvem5ts 9 ! rude agricultural       
implem5ts ( ! p]iod4  ,on ! dea? ( 8    
uncle he succe$$ to a f>m at ,blackwall1

 ne>  ,normanton1 long 9 ! t5ancy ( !   
family1 & %ortly aft] he  m>ri$ ,miss   
,wollatt1 ! daught] ( a ,d]by hosi]4    
,hav+ le>n$  f 8 wife's bro!r t v>i\s   
unsuccessful attempts _h be5 made  to   
manufacture ribb$-/ock+s1 he proce$$ to 
/udy ! subject ) a  view to effect :at  
o!rs _h fail$ 9 accompli%+4  ,he        
accord+ly  obta9$ a /ock+-frame1 & aft] 
ma/]+ its con/ruction & mode  ( action1 
he proce$$ to introduce new comb9ations1
 by means ( :i*  he succe$$ 9 effect+ a 
v>iation 9 ! pla9 loop$-"w ( !  frame1 &
 0 !reby enabl$ to turn out 8ribb$0     
hosi]y4  ,hav+  secur$ a pat5t = !      
improv$ ma*9e1 he remov$ to ,d]by1 & !re
  ent]$ l>gely on ! manufacture (       
ribb$-/ock+s1 9 :i* he 0  v successful4 
,he aft]w>ds jo9$ ,arkwright1 ( ! m]its 
( ^:  inv5tion he fully satisfi$        
himself1 & f\nd ! means ( secur+ 8      
pat5t1 z well z erect+ a l>ge           
cotton-mill at ,cran=d1 9  ,d]by%ire4   
,aft] ! expiry ( ! p>tn]%ip )           
,arkwright1 !  ,/rutts erect$ ext5sive  

cotton-mills at ,mil=d1 ne> ,belp]1 :i* 
wor?ily gives its title to ! pres5t head
 ( ! family4  ,! sons (  ! f\nd] 71 l _!
 fa!r1 di/+ui%$ = _! me*anical  ability4
  ,?us ,william ,/rutt1 ! elde/1 is said
 to h inv5t$ a  self-act+ mule1 !       
success ( :i* 0 only prev5t$ by !       
me*anical skill ( t day be+ unequal to  
its manufacture4  ,edw>d1  ! son (      
,william1 0 a man ( em95t me*anical     
g5ius1 hav+ e>ly  discov]$ ! pr9ciple ( 
susp5sion-:eels = c>riages3 he _h a     
:eelb>r[ & two c>ts made on ! pr9ciple1 
:i* 7 us$ on 8  f>m ne> ,belp]4  ,x may 
be add$ t ! ,/rutts h ?r\gh\t be5       
di/+ui%$ = _! noble employm5t ( ! weal? 
:i* _!  indu/ry & skill h br\ght !m2 t  
!y h s\ght 9 all ways  to improve !     
moral & social condition ( ! "w-p 9 _!  
employm5t2 & t !y h be5 lib]al donors 9 
e good cause--(  :i* ! pres5tation1 by  
,mr4 ,joseph ,/rutt1 ( ! beautiful p>k  
or  ,arboretum at ,d]by1 z a gift to !  
t[nspeople = ev]1 af=ds only  "o ( _m   
illu/rations4  ,! conclud+ words ( !    

%ort address  :i* he deliv]$ on pres5t+ 
?is valuable gift are wor?y ( be+  quot$
 & rememb]$3--8,z ! sun has %one        
brightly on me ?r\gh life1  x w\ld be   
ungrateful 9 me n to employ a portion ( 
! =tune ,i  possess 9 promot+ ! welf>e (
 ^? among/ :om ,i live1 & by  ^: indu/ry
 ,i h be5 aid$ 9 its organisation40     
,no less indu/ry & en]gy h be5 display$ 
by ! _m brave m51  bo? 9 pres5t & pa/   
times1 :o h e>n$ ! pe]age by _!  val\r  
on l& & at sea4  ,n to m5tion ! old]    
feudal lords1 ^:  t5ure dep5d$ ^u       
milit>y s]vice1 & :o s (t5 l$ ! van (  !
 ,engli% armies 9 great national        
enc\nt]s1 we may po9t to ,nelson1  ,/4  
,v9c5t1 & ,lyons--to ,well+ton1 ,hill1  
,h>d+e1 ,clyde1 & _m  m 9 rec5t times1  
:o h nobly e>n$ _! rank by _!  di/+ui%$ 
s]vices4  ,b plodd+ indu/ry has f> (t5] 
work$ its  way to ! pe]age by !         
hon\rable pursuit ( ! legal pr(ession1  
?an by any o!r4  ,no few] ?an sev5ty    
,briti% pe]ages1 includ+ two  duk$oms1 h
 be5 f\nd$ by successful lawy]s4        

,mansfield & ,ersk9e  71 x is true1 (   
noble family2 b ! latt] us$ to ?ank ,god
 t  out ( 8 own family he did n "k a "l4
 #baf  ,! o!rs 71 =  ! mo/ "p1 ! sons ( 
attorneys1 groc]s1 cl]gym51 m]*ants1 &  
h>dwork+ memb]s ( ! middle class4  ,out 
( ?is pr(ession h  sprung ! pe]ages (   
,h[>d & ,cav5di%1 ! fir/ pe]s ( bo?     
families hav+ be5 judges2 ^? ( ,ayles=d1
 ,ell5bor\gh1 ,guild=d1  ,%aftesbury1   
,h>dwicke1 ,c>digan1 ,cl>5don1 ,camd51  
,ellesm]e1 ,rosslyn2  & o!rs ne>] our   
own day1 su* z ,t5t]d51 ,eldon1         
,br\gham1  ,d5man1 ,truro1 ,lyndhur/1   
,/4 ,leon>ds1 ,cranwor?1 ,campbell1 &   
,*elms=d4    ,"l ,lyndhur/'s fa!r 0 a   
portrait pa9t]1 & t ( ,/4 ,leon>ds  a   
p]fum] & hairdress] 9 ,burl+ton ,/reet4 
,"y ,edw>d ,sugd5 0  orig9ally an       
err&-boy 9 ! (fice ( ! late ,mr4 ,groom1
 (  ,h5rietta ,/reet1 ,cav5di% ,squ>e1 a
 c]tificat$ conveyanc]2 & x  0 !re t !  
future ,"l ,*ancellor ( ,irel& obta9$ 8 
fir/  notions ( law4  ,! orig9 ( ! late 
,"l ,t5t]d5 0 p]haps !  humble/ ( all1  

nor 0 he a%am$ ( x2 = he felt t !       
indu/ry1  /udy1 & application1 by means 
( :i* he a*iev$ 8 em95t  position1 7    
entirely due to himself4  ,x is relat$ (
 him1 t on  "o occasion he took 8 son   
,*>les to a little %$1 !n /&+  opposite 
! we/]n front ( ,cant]bury ,ca!dral1 &  
po9t+ x out  to him1 said1 8,*>les1 y   
see ?is little %op2 ,i h br\ght y "h  on
 purpose to %[ x y4  ,9 t %op y\r       
gr&fa!r us$ to %ave  = a p5ny3 t is !   
pr\de/ reflection ( my life40  ,:5 a    
boy1  ,"l ,t5t]d5 0 a s+] 9 ! ,ca!dral1 
& x is a curi\s  circum/ance t 8        
de/9ation 9 life 0 *ang$ by a           
disappo9tm5t4  ,:5 he & ,mr4 ,ju/ice    
,ri*>ds 7 go+ ! ,home  ,circuit toge!r1 
!y w5t to s]vice 9 ! ca!dral2 & on      
,ri*>ds  comm5d+ ! voice ( a s++ man 9 !
 *oir1 ,"l ,t5t]d5 said1  8,ah6 t is !  
only man ,i ev] envi$6  ,:5 at s*ool 9  
?is t[n1 we  7 c&idates = a *ori/]'s    
place1 & he obta9$ x40    ,n less       
rem>kable 0 ! rise to ! same di/+ui%$   
(fice ( ,"l  ,*ief ,ju/ice1 ( ! rugg$   

,k5yon & ! robu/ ,ell5bor\gh2 nor 0  he 
a less notable man :o rec5tly held !    
same (fice--! a/ute ,"l  ,campbell1 late
 ,"l ,*ancellor ( ,engl&1 son ( a p>i%  
m9i/] 9  ,fife%ire4  ,= _m ye>s he work$
 h>d z a report] = ! press1  :ile       
dilig5tly prep>+ himself = ! practice ( 
8 pr(ession4  ,x is said ( him1 t at !  
beg9n+ ( 8 c>e]1 he 0 accu/om$  to walk 
f c\nty t[n to c\nty t[n :5 on circuit1 
be+ z yet too  poor to af=d ! luxury (  
po/+4  ,b /ep by /ep he rose sl[ly  b   
surely to t em95ce & di/9ction :i* ev]  
foll[ a c>e] (  indu/ry hon\rably &     
en]getically pursu$1 9 ! legal1 z 9 e   
o!r pr(ession4    ,!re h be5 o!r        
illu/ri\s in/ances ( ,lords ,*ancellors 
:o h  plodd$ up ! /eep ( fame & hon\r ) 
equal en]gy & success4  ,! c>e] ( ! late
 ,"l ,eldon is p]haps "o ( ! mo/        
rem>kable  examples4  ,he 0 ! son ( a   
,newca/le coal-fitt]2 a mis*iev\s  r ?an
 a /udi\s boy2 a great scapegrace at    
s*ool1 & ! subject  ( _m t]rible        
?ra%+s1--= or*>d-robb+ 0 "o ( ! fav\rite

  exploits ( ! future ,"l ,*ancellor4   
,8 fa!r fir/ ?\ght (  putt+ him         
appr5tice to a groc]1 & aft]w>ds _h     
almo/ made up 8  m9d to br+ him up to 8 
own trade ( a coal-fitt]4  ,b by ?is "t 
8 elde/ son ,william 7aft]w>ds ,"l      
,/[ell7 :o _h ga9$ a  s*ol>%ip at ,ox=d1
 wrote to 8 fa!r1 8,s5d ,jack up to me1 
,i c d  bett] = him40  ,john 0 s5t up to
 ,ox=d accord+ly1 :]e1 by 8  bro!r's    
influ5ce & 8 own application1 he succe$$
 9 obta9+ a  fell[%ip4  ,b :5 at home   
dur+ ! vacation1 he 0 s  un=tunate--or r
 s =tunate1 z ! issue prov$--z to fall 9
  love2 & runn+ across ! ,bord] ) 8     
elop$ bride1 he m>ri$1  & z 8 fri5ds    
?\ght1 ru9$ himself = life4  ,he _h     
nei!r  h\se nor home :5 he m>ri$1 & _h n
 yet e>n$ a p5ny4  ,he lo/  8 fell[%ip1 
& at ! same "t %ut himself out f        
pref]m5t 9  ! ,*ur*1 = :i* he _h be5    
de/9$4  ,he accord+ly turn$ 8  att5tion 
to ! /udy ( ! law4  ,to a fri5d he      
wrote1 8,i h m>ri$  ra%ly2 b x is my    
det]m9ation to "w h>d to provide = !    

woman  ,i love40    ,john ,scott came up
 to ,london1 & took a small h\se 9      
,cursitor ,lane1  :]e he settl$ d[n to !
 /udy ( ! law4  ,he work$ ) great       
dilig5ce & resolution2 ris+ at f\r e    
morn+ & /udy+ till  late at night1 b9d+ 
a wet t[el r\nd 8 head to keep himself  
awake4  ,too poor to /udy "u a special  
plead]1 he copi$ out ?ree folio  volumes
 f a manuscript collection ( prec$5ts4  
,long aft]1 :5  ,"l ,*ancellor1 pass+   
d[n ,cursitor ,lane "o day1 he said to 8
  secret>y1 8,"h 0 my fir/ p]*3 _m a "t 
d ,i recollect com+  d[n ?is /reet )    
sixp5ce 9 my h& to buy sprats = supp]40 
,:5 at l5g? call$ to ! b>1 he wait$ long
 = employm5t4  ,8  fir/ ye>'s e>n+s     
am\nt$ to only n9e %ill+s4  ,= f\r ye>s 
he  assidu\sly att5d$ ! ,london ,c\rts &
 ! ,nor!rn ,circuit1 )  little bett]    
success4  ,ev5 9 8 native t[n1 he seldom
 _h o!r ?an  paup] cases to def5d4  ,!  
results 7 inde$ s disc\rag+1 t he  _h   
almo/ det]m9$ to rel9qui% 8 *ance (     
,london bus9ess1 &  settle d[n 9 "s     

prov9cial t[n z a c\ntry b>ri/]4  ,8    
bro!r  ,william wrote home1 8,bus9ess is
 dull ) poor ,jack1 v dull inde$60  ,b z
 he _h escap$ be+ a groc]1 a coal-fitt]1
 & a c\ntry p>son  s did he also escape 
be+ a c\ntry lawy]4    ,an opportunity  
at l5g? occurr$ :i* enabl$ ,john ,scott 
to exhibit !  l>ge legal k :i* he _h s  
labori\sly acquir$4  ,9 a case 9  :i* he
 0 engag$1 he urg$ a legal po9t aga9/ ! 
wi%es bo? (  ! attorney & cli5t :o      
employ$ him4  ,! ,ma/] ( ! ,rolls       
decid$ aga9/ him1 b on an appeal to !   
,h\se ( ,lords1 ,"l ,?url[  rev]s$ !    
decision on ! v po9t t ,scott _h urg$4  
,on leav+  ! ,h\se t day1 a solicitor   
tapp$ him on ! %\ld] & said1  8,"y man1 
y\r bread & butt]'s cut = life40  ,& !  
prophecy  prov$ a true "o4  ,"l         
,mansfield us$ to say t he knew no      
int]val  betwe5 no bus9ess & #cjjjl4    
a-ye>1 & ,scott might h told !  same    
/ory2 = s rapid 0 8 progress1 t 9 #aghc1
 :5 only  ?irty-two1 he 0 appo9t$ ,k+'s 
,c\nsel1 0 at ! head ( !  ,nor!rn       

,circuit1 & sat 9 ,p>liam5t = ! bor\gh (
 ,weobley4  ,x  0 9 ! dull b unfl9*+    
drudg]y ( ! e>ly "p ( 8 c>e]  t he laid 
! f\ndation ( 8 future success4  ,he won
 8 spurs by  p]sev]ance1 k1 & ability1  
dilig5tly cultivat$4  ,he 0             
successively appo9t$ to ! (fices (      
solicitor & attorney-g5]al1  & rose     
/eadily upw>ds to ! highe/ (fice t !    
,cr[n _h to  be/[--t ( ,"l ,*ancellor ( 
,engl&1 :i* he held = a qu>t] (  a      
c5tury4    ,h5ry ,bick]/e? 0 ! son ( a  
surgeon at ,kirkby ,lonsdale1 9         
,we/morel&1 & 0 himself educat$ to t    
pr(ession4  ,z a /ud5t  at ,ed9burgh1 he
 di/+ui%$ himself by ! /ead9ess ) :i* he
  work$1 & ! application :i* he devot$  
to ! sci5ce ( m$ic9e4  ,return$ to      
,kirkby ,lonsdale1 he took an active "p 
9 8 fa!r's  practice2 b he _h no lik+ = 
! pr(ession1 & grew discont5t$  ) !     
obscurity ( a c\ntry t[n4  ,he w5t on1  
nev]!less1  dilig5tly improv+ himself1 &
 engag$ on speculations 9 ! high]       
bran*es ( physiology4  ,9 con=mity ) 8  

own wi%1 8 fa!r  cons5t$ to s5d him to  
,cambridge1 :]e x 0 8 int5tion to take a
  m$ical degree ) ! view ( practis+ 9 ! 
metropolis4  ,close  application to 8   
/udies1 h[ev]1 ?rew him out ( heal?1 & )
 a  view to re-e/abli%+ 8 /r5g? he      
accept$ ! appo9tm5t (  travell+         
physician to ,"l ,ox=d4  ,:ile abroad he
 ma/]$ ,italian1  & acquir$ a great     
admiration = ,italian lit]ature1 b no   
great]  lik+ = m$ic9e ?an be=e4  ,on !  
contr>y1 he det]m9$ to  ab&on x2 b      
return+ to ,cambridge1 he took 8 degree2
 & t he  work$ h>d may be inf]r$ f !    
fact t he 0 s5ior wrangl] (  8 ye>4     
,disappo9t$ 9 8 desire to ent] ! army1  
he turn$ to !  b>1 & ent]$ a /ud5t ( !  
,inn] ,temple4  ,he work$ z h>d at law  
z he _h done at m$ic9e4  ,writ+ to 8    
fa!r1 he said1 8,ev]ybody  says to me1  
#8,y are c]ta9 ( success 9 ! end--only  
p]sev]e2' &  ?\gh ,i don't well und]/&  
h[ ?is is to happ51 ,i try to believe x 
z mu* z ,i c1 & ,i %all n fail to d     
ev]y?+ 9 my p[]40  ,at  tw5ty-eight he 0

 call$ to ! b>1 & _h e /ep 9 life yet to
  make4  ,8 means 7 /rait5$1 & he liv$  
^u ! contributions (  8 fri5ds4  ,= ye>s
 he /udi$ & wait$4  ,/ill no bus9ess    
came4  ,he /9t$ himself 9 recreation1 9 
clo!s1 & ev5 9 ! necess>ies  ( life2    
/ruggl+ on indefatigably ?r\gh all4     
,writ+ home1 he  8confess$ t he h>dly   
knew h[ he %\ld be able to /ruggle on   
till  he _h fair "t & opportunity to    
e/abli% himself40  ,aft] ?ree  ye>s'    
wait+1 /ill )\t success1 he wrote to 8  
fri5ds t  r ?an be a burd5 ^u !m long]1 
he 0 will+ to give !  matt] up & return 
to ,cambridge1 8:]e he 0 sure ( support 
& "s  pr(it40  ,! fri5ds at home s5t him
 ano!r small remittance1 & he  p]sev]$4 
,bus9ess gradually came 94  ,acquitt+   
himself cr$itably  9 small matt]s1 he 0 
at l5g? entru/$ ) cases ( great]        
importance4  ,he 0 a man :o nev] miss$  
an opportunity1 nor all[$ a  legitimate 
*ance ( improvem5t to escape him4  ,8   
unfl9*+ indu/ry  soon began to tell ^u 8
 =tunes2 a few m ye>s & he 0 n  only    

enabl$ to d )\t assi/ance f home1 b he 0
 9 a position  to pay back ) int]e/ !   
debts :i* he _h incurr$4  ,! cl\ds  _h  
disp]s$1 & ! aft] c>e] ( ,h5ry ,bick]/e?
 0 "o (  hon\r1 ( emolum5t1 & ( di/+ui%$
 fame4  ,he end$ 8 c>e] z  ,ma/] ( !    
,rolls1 sitt+ 9 ! ,h\se ( ,pe]s z ,b>on 
,langdale4  ,8 life af=ds only ano!r    
illu/ration ( ! p[] ( pati5ce1          
p]sev]ance1 & consci5ti\s work+1 9      
elevat+ ! "* (  ! individual1 & cr[n+ 8 
lab\rs ) ! mo/ complete success4    ,su*
 are a few ( ! di/+ui%$ m5 :o h         
hon\rably work$ _!  way to ! highe/     
position1 & won ! ri*e/ rew>ds ( _!     
pr(ession1 by ! dilig5t ex]cise (       
qualities 9 _m respects ( an  ord9>y "*1
 b made pot5t by ! =ce ( application &  
indu/ry4          ,,*apt] ,,viii4       
,,en]gy ,,& ,,c\rage4          8,a cur  
vaillant ri5 d'impossible40--,jacques   
,cur4        8,d5 ,mu?ig5 gehrt die     
,welt40--,g]man ,prov]b4        8,9 e "w
 t he began 4 4 4 he did x ) all 8 he>t1
 &      prosp]$40--,,ii4 ,*ron4 xxxi4   

#ba4    ,,!re is a fam\s spee* record$ (
 an old ,norseman1 ?or\ghly  *>act]i/ic 
( ! ,teuton4  8,i believe nei!r 9 idols 
nor demons10  said he1 8,i put my sole  
tru/ 9 my own /r5g? ( body & s\l40  ,!  
anci5t cre/ ( a pickaxe ) ! motto (     
8,ei!r ,i w f9d a way or  make "o10 0 an
 expression ( ! same /urdy indep5d5ce   
:i* to  ?is day di/+ui%es ! desc5dants (
 ! ,nor?m54  ,inde$ no?+  c\ld be m     
*>act]i/ic ( ! ,sc&9avian my?ology1 ?an 
t x  _h a god ) a hamm]4  ,a man's "* is
 se5 9 small matt]s2 &  f ev5 s slight a
 te/ z ! mode 9 :i* a man wields a      
hamm]1  8 en]gy may 9 "s measure be     
inf]r$4  ,?us an em95t ,fr5*man  hit (f 
9 a s+le phrase ! *>act]i/ic quality ( !
 inhabitants  ( a p>ticul> di/rict1 9   
:i* a fri5d ( 8 propos$ to settle &  buy
 l&4  8,bew>e10 said he1 8( mak+ a      
pur*ase !re2 ,i "k ! m5  ( t dep>tm5t2 !
 pupils :o come f x to our vet]9>y s*ool
  at ,p>is d nor /rike h>d ^u ! anvil2  
!y want en]gy2 & y  w n get a           
satisfactory return on any capital y may

 inve/ !re40  ,a f9e & j appreciation ( 
"*1 indicat+ ! ?\ghtful  obs]v]2 &      
/rik+ly illu/rative ( ! fact t x is !   
en]gy  ( ! individual m5 t gives /r5g?  
to a ,/ate1 & conf]s a value  ev5 ^u ! v
 soil :i* !y cultivate4  ,z ! ,fr5*     
prov]b has  x3 8,tant vaut l'homme1 tant
 vaut sa t]re40    ,! cultivation ( ?is 
quality is ( ! greate/ importance2      
resolute  det]m9ation 9 ! pursuit (     
wor?y objects be+ ! f\ndation (  all    
true greatness ( "*4  ,en]gy enables a  
man to =ce 8 way  ?r\gh irksome drudg]y 
& dry details1 & c>ries him onw>d &     
upw>d 9 e /ation 9 life4  ,x accompli%es
 m ?an g5ius1 )  n "o-half !            
disappo9tm5t & p]il4  ,x is n em95t     
tal5t t  is requir$ to ensure success 9 
any pursuit1 s mu* z purpose1--n  m]ely 
! p[] to a*ieve1 b ! w to lab\r         
en]getically &  p]sev]+ly4  ,h5ce en]gy 
( w may be def9$ to be ! v  c5tral p[] (
 "* 9 a man--9 a ^w1 x is ! ,man        
himself4  ,x  gives impulse to 8 e      
action1 & s\l to e ef=t4  ,true hope  is

 bas$ on x1--& x is hope t gives ! real 
p]fume to life4  ,!re is a f9e h]aldic  
motto on a brok5 helmet 9 ,battle       
,abbey1  8,l'espoir e/ ma =ce10 :i*     
might be ! motto ( e man's life4  8,woe 
unto him t is fa9!>t$10 says ! son (    
,sira*4  ,!re is1  inde$1 no bless+     
equal to ! possession ( a /\t he>t4     
,ev5 if a  man fail 9 8 ef=ts1 x w be a 
satisfaction to him to enjoy !          
consci\sness ( hav+ done 8 be/4  ,9     
humble life no?+ c be  m *e]+ &         
beautiful ?an to see a man combat+      
suff]+ by  pati5ce1 triumph+ 9 8        
integrity1 & :o1 :5 8 feet are  ble$+ & 
8 limbs fail+ him1 /ill walks ^u 8      
c\rage4    ,m]e wi%es & desires b eng5d]
 a sort ( gre5 sickness 9 "y  m9ds1     
unless !y are promptly embodi$ 9 act &  
de$4  ,x w n  avail m]ely to wait z s _m
 d1 8until ,blu*] comes up10 b !y  mu/  
/ruggle on & p]sev]e 9 ! mean "t1 z     
,well+ton did4  ,!  good purpose once   
=m$ mu/ be c>ri$ out ) alacrity & )\t   
sw]v+4  ,9 mo/ conditions ( life1       

drudg]y & toil are to be  *e]fully      
endur$ z ! be/ & mo/ :olesome discipl9e4
  8,9 life10  said ,ary ,s*eff]1 8no?+  
be>s fruit except by lab\r ( m9d or     
body4  ,to /rive & /ill /rive--su* is   
life2 & 9 ?is respect m9e is  fulfill$2 
b ,i d>e to say1 ) j pride1 t no?+ has  
ev]  %ak5 my c\rage4  ,) a /rong s\l1 & 
a noble aim1 "o c d :at  "o wills1      
morally speak+40    ,hugh ,mill] said ! 
only s*ool 9 :i* he 0 prop]ly taught 0  
8t _w-wide s*ool 9 :i* toil & h>d%ip are
 ! sev]e b  noble tea*]s40  ,he :o all[s
 8 application to falt]1 or %irks 8  "w 
on frivol\s pretexts1 is on ! sure road 
to ultimate failure4  ,let  any task be 
und]tak5 z a ?+ n possible to be evad$1 
& x w  soon come to be p]=m$ ) alacrity 
& *e]fulness4  ,*>les ,,ix4 (  ,sw$5 0 a
 firm believ] 9 ! p[] ( w1 ev5 9 y\?4   
,lay+  8 h& on ! head ( 8 y\nge/ son :5 
engag$ on a difficult  task1 he         
exclaim$1 8,he %all d x6 he %all d x60  
,! habit (  application becomes easy 9  
"t1 l e o!r habit4  ,?us p]sons  )      

comp>atively mod]ate p[]s w accompli%   
mu*1 if !y apply  !mselves :olly &      
indefatigably to "o ?+ at a "t4  ,f[ell 
,buxton plac$ 8 confid5ce 9 ord9>y means
 & extraord9>y  application2 realiz+ !  
scriptural injunction1 8,:atsoev] ?y h& 
f9de? to d1 d x ) all ?y might20 & he   
attribut$ 8 own  success 9 life to 8    
practice ( 8be+ a :ole man to "o ?+ at a
  "t40    ,no?+ t is ( real wor? c be   
a*iev$ )\t c\rage\s work+4  ,man owes 8 
gr[? *iefly to t active /riv+ ( ! w1 t  
enc\nt] ) difficulty1 :i* we call ef=t2 
& x is a/oni%+ to  f9d h[ (t5 results   
app>5tly impracticable are ?us made     
possible4  ,an int5se anticipation      
itself trans=ms possibility into        
reality2 our  desires be+ (t5 b !       
precursors ( ! ?+s :i* we are capable  (
 p]=m+4  ,on ! contr>y1 ! timid &       
hesitat+ f9d ev]y?+  impossible1 *iefly 
because x seems s4  ,x is relat$ ( a "y 
,fr5*  (fic]1 t he us$ to walk ab\t 8   
ap>tm5t exclaim+1 8,i w  be ,m>%al (    
,france & a great g5]al40  ,8 ard5t     

desire 0 !  pres5tim5t ( 8 success2 = ! 
"y (fic] did become a  di/+ui%$ comm&]1 
& he di$ a ,m>%al ( ,france4    ,mr4    
,walk]1 au?or ( ! #8,orig9al1' _h s     
great a fai? 9 ! p[]  ( w1 t he says on 
"o occasion he det]m9$ to be well1 & he 
0 s4  ,?is may answ] once2 b1 ?\gh saf] 
to foll[ ?an _m  prescriptions1 x w n   
always succe$4  ,! p[] ( m9d ov] body   
is no d\bt great1 b x may be /ra9$ until
 ! physical p[] breaks  d[n altoge!r4   
,x is relat$ ( ,muley ,moluc1 ! ,moori% 
lead]1 t1  :5 ly+ ill1 almo/ worn out by
 an incurable disease1 a battle took    
place betwe5 8 troops & ! ,portuguese2  
:51 />t+ f 8  litt] at ! great crisis ( 
! fight1 he ralli$ 8 army1 l$ !m to     
victory1 & in/antly aft]w>ds sank       
exhau/$ & expir$4    ,x is w1--=ce (    
purpose1--t enables a man to d or be    
:atev] he  sets 8 m9d on be+ or do+4  ,a
 holy man 0 accu/om$ to say1  8,:atev] y
 wi%1 t y are3 = su* is ! =ce ( our w1  
jo9$ to ! ,div9e1 t :atev] we wi% to be1
 s]i\sly1 & ) a  true int5tion1 t we    

become4  ,no "o ard5tly wi%es to be     
submissive1  pati5t1 mode/1 or lib]al1  
:o does n become :at he wi%es40  ,!     
/ory is told ( a work+ c>p5t]1 :o 0     
obs]v$ "o day plan+ a  magi/rate's b5*  
:i* he 0 repair+1 ) m ?an usual         
c>efulness2 & :5 ask$ ! reason1 he      
repli$1 8,because ,i wi% to  make x easy
 aga9/ ! "t :5 ,i come to sit ^u x      
myself40  ,&  s+ul>ly en\gh1 ! man      
actually liv$ to sit ^u t v b5* z  a    
magi/rate4    ,:atev] !oretical         
conclusions logicians may h =m$ z to !  
fre$om ( ! w1 ea* individual feels t    
practically he is free to  *oose betwe5 
good & evil--t he is n z a m]e /raw ?r[n
 ^u  ! wat] to m>k ! direction ( !      
curr5t1 b t he has )9  him ! p[] ( a    
/rong swimm]1 & is capable ( /rik+ out =
  himself1 ( buffet+ ) ! waves1 &       
direct+ to a great ext5t 8  own         
indep5d5t c\rse4  ,!re is no absolute   
con/ra9t ^u our  volitions1 & we feel & 
"k t we are n b\nd1 z by a spell1  )    
ref]5ce to our actions4  ,x w\ld p>alyze

 all desire (  excell5ce 7 we to ?9k    
o!rwise4  ,! entire bus9ess & conduct  (
 life1 ) its dome/ic rules1 its social  
arrangem5ts1 & its public  in/itutions1 
proce$ ^u ! practical conviction t ! w  
is  free4  ,)\t ?is :]e w\ld be         
responsibility8--& :at ! advantage  (   
tea*+1 advis+1 prea*+1 repro(1 &        
correction8  ,:at 7 !  use ( laws1 7 x n
 ! univ]sal belief1 z x is ! univ]sal   
fact1 t m5 obey !m or n1 v mu* z !y     
individually  det]m9e8  ,9 e mom5t ( our
 life1 consci5ce is proclaim+ t  our w  
is free4  ,x is ! only ?+ t is :olly    
ours1 & x re/s  solely ) ourselves      
individually1 :e!r we give x ! "r or !  
wrong direction4  ,our habits or our    
temptations are n our ma/]s1 b  we ( !m4
  ,ev5 9 yield+1 consci5ce tells u we   
might resi/2 &  t 7 we det]m9$ to ma/]  
!m1 !re w\ld n be requir$ =  t purpose a
 /rong] resolution ?an we "k ourselves  
to be capable  ( ex]cis+4    8,y are n[ 
at ! age10 said ,lam5nais once1 address+
 a gay y\?1  8at :i* a decision mu/ be  

=m$ by y2 a little lat]1 & y may  h to  
groan )9 ! tomb :i* y y\rself h dug1 )\t
 !  p[] ( roll+ away ! /one4  ,t :i* !  
easie/ becomes a habit  9 u is ! w4     
,le>n !n to w /rongly & decisively2 ?us 
fix  y\r float+ life1 & leave x no long]
 to be c>ri$ hi!r &  ?i!r1 l a )]$ leaf1
 by e w9d t bl[s40    ,buxton held !    
conviction t a "y man might be v mu* :at
 he  pleas$1 provid$ he =m$ a /rong     
resolution & held to x4  ,writ+  to "o (
 8 sons1 he said to him1 8,y are n[ at t
 p]iod ( life1  9 :i* y mu/ make a turn 
to ! "r or ! left4  ,y mu/ n[  give     
pro(s ( pr9ciple1 det]m9ation1 & /r5g? (
 m9d2 or y  mu/ s9k into idl5ess1 &     
acquire ! habits & "* ( a  desultory1   
ineffective "y man2 & if once y fall to 
t po9t1 y  w f9d x no easy matt] to rise
 aga94  ,i am sure t a "y man  may be v 
mu* :at he pleases4  ,9 my own case x 0 
s4 4 4 4 ,mu*  ( my happ9ess1 & all my  
prosp]ity 9 life1 h result$ f !  *ange  
,i made at y\r age4  ,if y s]i\sly      
resolve to be en]getic &  indu/ri\s1    

dep5d ^u x t y w = y\r :ole life h      
reason  to rejoice t y 7 wise en\gh to  
=m & to act ^u t  det]m9ation40  ,z w1  
consid]$ )\t reg>d to direction1 is     
simply con/ancy1 firmness1 p]sev]ance1 x
 w be obvi\s t  ev]y?+ dep5ds ^u "r     
direction & motives4  ,direct$ t[>ds  ! 
enjoym5t ( ! s5ses1 ! /rong w may be a  
demon1 & !  intellect m]ely its debas$  
slave2 b direct$ t[>ds good1 ! /rong  w 
is a k+1 & ! intellect ! m9i/] ( man's  
highe/  well-be+4    8,:]e !re is a w   
!re is a way10 is an old & true say+4   
,he  :o resolves ^u do+ a ?+1 by t v    
resolution (t5 scales !  b>ri]s to x1 & 
secures its a*ievem5t4  ,to ?9k we are  
able1 is  almo/ to be s--to det]m9e ^u  
atta9m5t is frequ5tly atta9m5t  itself4 
,?us1 e>ne/ resolution has (t5 seem$ to 
h ab\t x  almo/ a sav\r ( omnipot5ce4   
,! /r5g? ( ,suw>r['s "* lay  9 8 p[] (  
will+1 &1 l mo/ resolute p]sons1 he     
prea*$ x  up z a sy/em4  8,y c only half
 w10 he w\ld say to p :o  fail$4  ,l    
,ri*elieu & ,napoleon1 he w\ld h ! ^w   

8impossible0  bani%$ f ! diction>y4  8,i
 don't "k10 8,i c't10 &  8impossible10 7
 words :i* he dete/$ above all o!rs4    
8,le>n6  ,d6  ,try60 he w\ld exclaim4   
,8 biograph] has said ( him1 t he       
furni%$ a rem>kable illu/ration ( :at   
may be effect$ by !  en]getic developm5t
 & ex]cise ( faculties1 ! g]ms ( :i* at 
lea/ are 9 e human he>t4    ,"o (       
,napoleon's fav\rite maxims 01 8,! true/
 wisdom is a resolute  det]m9ation40  ,8
 life1 beyond mo/ o!rs1 vividly %[$ :at 
a  p[]ful & unscrupul\s w c\ld          
accompli%4  ,he ?rew 8 :ole  =ce ( body 
& m9d direct ^u 8 "w4  ,imbecile rul]s &
 !  nations !y gov]n$ w5t d[n be=e him 9
 succession4  ,he 0 told  t ! ,alps /ood
 9 ! way ( 8 armies--8,!re %all be no   
,alps10 he  said1 & ! road across !     
,simplon 0 con/ruct$1 ?r\gh a di/rict   
=m]ly almo/ inaccessible4               
8,impossible10 said he1 8is a ^w only to
  be f\nd 9 ! diction>y ( fools40  ,he 0
 a man :o toil$ t]ribly2  sometimes     
employ+ & exhau/+ f\r secret>ies at a   

"t4  ,he sp>$  no "o1 n ev5 himself4  ,8
 influ5ce inspir$ o!r m51 & put a  new  
life into !m4  8,i made my g5]als out ( 
mud10 he said4  ,b all  0 ( no avail2 = 
,napoleon's int5se selfi%ness 0 8 ru91 &
 !  ru9 ( ,france1 :i* he left a prey to
 an>*y4  ,8 life taught !  lesson t p[]1
 h[ev] en]getically wield$1 )\t         
b5efic5ce1 is  fatal to its possessor & 
its subjects2 & t k1 or  kn[+ness1 )\t  
goodness1 is b ! inc>nate pr9ciple (    
,evil4    ,our own ,well+ton 0 a f>     
great] man4  ,n less resolute1 firm1 &  
p]si/5t1 b m self-d5y+1 consci5ti\s1 &  
truly patriotic4  ,napoleon's aim 0     
8,glory20 ,well+ton's wat*word1 l       
,nelson's1 0  8,duty40  ,! =m] ^w1 x is 
said1 does n once occur 9 8  despat*es2 
! latt] (t51 b nev] accompani$ by any   
high-s\nd+  pr(essions4  ,! greate/     
difficulties c\ld nei!r emb>rass nor    
intimidate ,well+ton2 8 en]gy inv>iably 
ris+ 9 proportion to !  ob/acles to be  
surm\nt$4  ,! pati5ce1 ! firmness1 !    
resolution1  ) :i* he bore ?r\gh !      

madd5+ vexations & gigantic             
difficulties ( ! ,p59sul> campaigns1 is1
 p]haps1 "o ( !  sublime/ ?+s to be f\nd
 9 hi/ory4  ,9 ,spa91 ,well+ton n only  
exhibit$ ! g5ius ( ! g5]al1 b !         
compreh5sive wisdom ( !  /atesman4      
,?\gh 8 natural temp] 0 irritable 9 !   
extreme1 8  high s5se ( duty enabl$ him 
to re/ra9 x2 & to ^? ab\t him 8  pati5ce
 seem$ absolutely inexhau/ible4  ,8     
great "* /&s  unt>ni%$ by ambition1 by  
av>ice1 or any l[ passion4  ,?\gh a man 
(  p[]ful individuality1 he yet display$
 a great v>iety ( end[m5t4  ,! equal (  
,napoleon 9 g5]al%ip1 he 0 z prompt1    
vigor\s1 &  d>+ z ,clive2 z wise a      
/atesman z ,cromwell2 & z pure &        
high-m9d$ z ,wa%+ton4  ,! great         
,well+ton left beh9d him an  endur+     
reputation1 f\nd$ on toilsome campaigns 
won by skilful  comb9ation1 by =titude  
:i* no?+ c\ld exhau/1 by sublime d>+1  &
 p]haps by /ill sublim] pati5ce4        
,en]gy usually displays itself 9        
promptitude & decision4  ,:5 ,l$y>d  !  

travell] 0 ask$ by ! ,african           
,association :5 he w\ld be ready  to set
 out = ,africa1 he imm$iately answ]$1   
8,to-morr[ morn+40  ,blu*]'s promptitude
 obta9$ = him ! cognom5 ( 8,m>%al       
,=w>ds0  ?r\gh\t ! ,prussian army4  ,:5 
,john ,j]vis1 aft]w>ds ,e>l ,/4  ,v9c5t1
 0 ask$ :5 he w\ld be ready to jo9 8    
%ip1 he repli$1  8,directly40  ,& :5    
,sir ,col9 ,campbell1 appo9t$ to ! comm&
 ( !  ,indian army1 0 ask$ :5 he c\ld   
set out1 8 answ] 01  8,to-morr[10--an   
e>ne/ ( 8 subsequ5t success4  ,= x is   
rapid  decision1 & a simil> promptitude 
9 action1 su* z tak+ in/ant  advantage (
 an enemy's mi/akes1 t s (t5 w9s        
battles4  8,at  ,arcola10 said          
,napoleon1 8,i won ! battle ) tw5ty-five
 horsem54  ,i  seiz$ a mom5t (          
lassitude1 gave e man a trumpet1 & ga9$ 
!  day ) ?is h&ful4  ,two armies are two
 bodies :i* meet &  endeav\r to fright5 
ea* o!r3 a mom5t ( panic occurs1 & t    
mom5t mu/ be turn$ to advantage40  8,e  
mom5t lo/10 said he at  ano!r "t1 8gives

 an opportunity = mis=tune20 & he decl>$
 t  he beat ! ,au/rians because !y nev] 
knew ! value ( "t3 :ile  !y dawdl$1 he  
ov]?rew !m4    ,india has1 dur+ ! la/   
c5tury1 be5 a great field = ! display ( 
,briti% en]gy4  ,f ,clive to ,havelock &
 ,clyde !re is a long &  hon\rable roll 
( di/+ui%$ names 9 ,indian legislation &
  w>f>e1--su* z ,wellesley1 ,metcalfe1  
,outram1 ,edw>des1 & !  ,lawr5ces4      
,ano!r great b sulli$ "n is t ( ,w>r5   
,ha/+s--a  man ( dauntless w &          
indefatigable indu/ry4  ,8 family 0     
anci5t  & illu/ri\s2 b _! vicissitudes (
 =tune & ill-requit$  loyalty 9 ! cause 
( ! ,/u>ts1 br\ght !m to pov]ty1 & !    
family e/ate at ,dayles=d1 ( :i* !y _h  
be5 lords ( ! manor  = hundr$s ( ye>s1  
at l5g? pass$ f _! h&s4  ,! la/  ,ha/+s 
( ,dayles=d _h1 h[ev]1 pres5t$ ! p>i%   
liv+ to 8  second son2 & x 0 9 8 h\se1  
_m ye>s lat]1 t ,w>r5  ,ha/+s1 8 gr&son1
 0 born4  ,! boy le>nt 8 lett]s at !    
village s*ool1 on ! same b5* ) ! *ildr5 
( ! peasantry4  ,he  play$ 9 ! fields   

:i* 8 fa!rs _h own$2 & :at ! loyal &    
brave ,ha/+s ( ,dayles=d _h be51 0 ev] 9
 ! boy's ?\ghts4  ,8 "y ambition 0 fir$1
 & x is said t "o summ]'s day1 :5  only 
sev5 ye>s old1 z he laid him d[n on !   
bank ( ! /ream :i*  fl[$ ?r\gh ! doma91 
he =m$ 9 8 m9d ! resolution t he  w\ld  
yet recov] possession ( ! family l&s4   
,x 0 ! romantic  vision ( a boy2 yet he 
liv$ to realize x4  ,! dream became a   
passion1  root$ 9 8 v life2 & he pursu$ 
8 det]m9ation ?r\gh y\?  up to manhood1 
) t calm b indomitable =ce ( w :i* 0 !  
mo/ /rik+ peculi>ity ( 8 "*4  ,! orphan 
boy became "o (  ! mo/ p[]ful m5 ( 8 "t2
 he retriev$ ! =tunes ( 8 l9e2  b\ght   
back ! old e/ate1 & rebuilt ! family    
mansion4  8,:51 "u  a tropical sun10    
says ,macaulay1 8he rul$ fifty millions 
( ,asiatics1 8  hopes1 amid/ all ! c>es 
( w>1 f9ance1 & legislation1 /ill  po9t$
 to ,dayles=d4  ,& :5 8 long public     
life1 s s+ul>ly  *equ]$ ) good & evil1 )
 glory & obloquy1 _h at l5g?  clos$ =   
ev]1 x 0 to ,dayles=d t he retir$ to    

die40    ,sir ,*>les ,napi] 0 ano!r     
,indian lead] ( extraord9>y c\rage &    
det]m9ation4  ,he once said ( !         
difficulties ) :i* he 0  surr\nd$ 9 "o (
 8 campaigns1 8,!y only make my feet g  
deep]  into ! gr\nd40  ,8 battle (      
,meeanee 0 "o ( ! mo/  extraord9>y feats
 9 hi/ory4  ,) #bjjj m51 ( :om only #djj
 7  ,europeans1 he enc\nt]$ an army (   
#ce1jjj h>dy & well-arm$  ,beloo*ees4   
,x 0 an act1 app>5tly1 ( ! mo/ d>+      
tem]ity1 b  ! g5]al _h fai? 9 himself & 
9 8 m54  ,he *>g$ ! ,beloo*  c5tre up a 
high bank :i* =m$ _! ramp>t 9 front1 & =
 ?ree  mortal h\rs ! battle rag$4  ,ea* 
man ( t small =ce1 inspir$ by  ! *ief1  
became = ! "t a h]o4  ,! ,beloo*ees1    
?\gh tw5ty to  "o1 7 driv5 back1 b ) _! 
faces to ! foe4  ,x is ?is sort  (      
pluck1 t5acity1 & det]m9$ p]sev]ance :i*
 w9s soldi]s'  battles1 &1 inde$1 e     
battle4  ,x is ! "o neck ne>] t w9s  !  
race & %[s ! blood2 x is ! "o m>* m t   
w9s !  campaign2 ! five m9utes' m       
p]si/5t c\rage t w9s ! fight4  ,?\gh y\r

 =ce be less ?an ano!r's1 y equal &     
outma/] y\r  oppon5t if y cont9ue x     
long] & conc5trate x m4  ,! reply (  !  
,sp>tan fa!r1 :o said to 8 son1 :5      
compla9+ t 8 sword  0 too %ort1 8,add a 
/ep to x10 is applicable to ev]y?+ 9    
life4    ,napi] took ! "r me?od (       
inspir+ 8 m5 ) 8 own h]oic  _s4  ,he    
work$ z h>d z any private 9 ! ranks4    
8,! great art  ( comm&+10 he said1 8is  
to take a fair %>e ( ! "w4  ,! man  :o  
leads an army _c succe$ unless 8 :ole   
m9d is ?r[n into 8  "w4  ,! m tr\ble1 ! 
m lab\r mu/ be giv52 ! m dang]1  ! m    
pluck mu/ be %[n1 till all is ov]p[]$40 
,a "y (fic]  :o accompani$ him 9 8      
campaign 9 ! ,cut*ee ,hills1 once said1 
8,:5 ,i see t old man incessantly on 8  
horse1 h[ c ,i be idle :o  am "y &      
/rong8  ,i w\ld g into a load$ cannon's 
m\? if he  ord]$ me40  ,?is rem>k1 :5   
repeat$ to ,napi]1 he said 0 ample      
rew>d = 8 toils4  ,! anecdote ( 8       
int]view ) ! ,indian  juggl] /rik+ly    
illu/rates 8 cool c\rage z well z 8     

rem>kable  simplicity & hone/y ( "*4    
,on "o occasion1 aft] ! ,indian         
battles1 a fam\s juggl] visit$ ! camp & 
p]=m$ 8 feats be=e  ! ,g5]al1 8 family1 
& /aff4  ,among o!r p]=mances1 ?is man  
cut 9 two ) a /roke ( 8 sword a lime or 
lemon plac$ 9 ! h&  ( 8 assi/ant4       
,napi] ?\ght !re 0 "s collusion betwe5 !
  juggl] & 8 reta9]4  ,to divide by a   
sweep ( ! sword on a man's  h& s small  
an object )\t t\*+ ! fle% he believ$ to 
be  impossible1 ?\gh a simil> incid5t is
 relat$ by ,scott 9 8 romance  ( !      
#8,talisman4'  ,to det]m9e ! po9t1 !    
,g5]al (f]$ 8 own  h& = ! exp]im5t1 & he
 /ret*$ out 8 "r arm4  ,! juggl]  look$ 
att5tively at ! h&1 & said he w\ld n    
make ! trial4  8,i  ?\ght ,i w\ld f9d y 
out60 exclaim$ ,napi]4  8,b /op10 add$ !
  o!r1 8let me see y\r left h&40  ,!    
left h& 0 submitt$1 & !  man !n said    
firmly1 8,if y w hold y\r arm /eady ,i w
 p]=m  ! feat40  8,b :y ! left h& & n ! 
"r80  8,because !  "r h& is holl[ 9 !   
c5tre1 & !re is a risk ( cutt+ (f  !    

?umb2 ! left is high1 & ! dang] w be    
less40  ,napi] 0  />tl$4  8,i got       
fright5$10 he said2 8,i saw x 0 an      
actual feat (  delicate swordsman%ip1 & 
if ,i _h n abus$ ! man z ,i did be=e  my
 /aff1 & *all5g$ him to ! trial1 ,i     
hone/ly ackn[l$ge ,i w\ld  h retir$ f ! 
enc\nt]4  ,h[ev]1 ,i put ! lime on my   
h&1 &  held out my arm /eadily4  ,!     
juggl] balanc$ himself1 &1 ) a  swift   
/roke cut ! lime 9 two pieces4  ,i felt 
! edge ( ! sword on  my h& z if a cold  
?read _h be5 drawn across x4  ,s mu* 7he
 add$7  = ! brave swordsm5 ( ,india1 :om
 our f9e fell[s defeat$ at  ,meeanee40  
,! rec5t t]rible /ruggle 9 ,india has   
s]v$ to br+ out1 p]haps  m prom95tly ?an
 any previ\s ev5t 9 our hi/ory1 !       
det]m9$  en]gy & self-reliance ( !      
national "*4  ,al?\gh ,engli%           
(ficialism may (t5 drift /upidly into   
gigantic blund]s1 ! m5 (  ! nation      
g5]ally contrive to "w _! way out ( !m )
 a  h]oism almo/ approa*+ ! sublime4  ,9
 ,may1 #aheg1 :5 ! revolt  bur/ ^u      

,india l a ?und]-clap1 ! ,briti% =ces _h
 be5 all[$  to dw9dle to _! extreme     
m9imum1 & 7 scatt]$ ov] a wide  ext5t ( 
c\ntry1 _m ( !m 9 remote cantonm5ts4  ,!
 ,b5gal  regim5ts1 "o aft] ano!r1 rose  
aga9/ _! (fic]s1 broke away1  & ru%$ to 
,delhi4  ,prov9ce aft] prov9ce 0 lapp$ 9
 mut9y &  rebellion2 & ! cry = help rose
 f ea/ to we/4  ,ev]y:]e !  ,engli% /ood
 at bay 9 small deta*m5ts1 beleagu]$ &  
surr\nd$1  app>5tly incapable (         
resi/ance4  ,_! discomfiture seem$ s    
complete1 & ! utt] ru9 ( ! ,briti% cause
 9 ,india s c]ta91  t x might be said ( 
!m !n1 z x _h be5 said be=e1 8,^!       
,engli% nev] "k :5 !y are beat540       
,accord+ to rule1 !y ought  !n & !re to 
h succumb$ to inevitable fate4    ,:ile 
! issue ( ! mut9y /ill appe>$ unc]ta91  
,holk>1 "o (  ! native pr9ces1 consult$ 
8 a/rolog] = in=mation4  ,! reply  01   
8,if all ! ,europeans save "o are sla91 
t "o w rema9 to  fight & reconqu]40  ,9 
_! v d>ke/ mom5t--ev5 :]e1 z at         
,luckn[1 a m]e h&ful ( ,briti% soldi]s1 

civilians1 & wom51 held  out amid/ a    
city & prov9ce 9 arms aga9/ !m--!re 0 no
 ^w (  despair1 no ?\ght ( surr5d]4     
,?\gh cut (f f all communication  ) _!  
fri5ds = mon?s1 & n kn[+ :e!r ,india 0  
lo/ or  held1 !y nev] ceas$ to h p]fect 
fai? 9 ! c\rage &  devot$ness ( _!      
c\ntrym54  ,!y knew t :ile a body ( m5 (
  ,engli% race held toge!r 9 ,india1 !y 
w\ld n be left unhe$$ to  p]i%4  ,!y    
nev] dreamt ( any o!r issue b retrieval 
( _!  mis=tune & ultimate triumph2 & if 
! wor/ came to ! wor/1 !y  c\ld b fall  
at _! po/1 & die 9 ! p]=mance ( _! duty4
  ,ne$ we rem9d ! read] ( ! names (     
,havelock1 ,+lis1 ,neill1 &  ,outram--m5
 ( truly h]oic m\ld--( ea* ( :om x might
 ) tru? be  said t he _h ! he>t ( a     
*evali]1 ! s\l ( a believ]1 &  !        
temp]am5t ( a m>tyr4  ,montalemb]t has  
said ( !m t 8!y d  hon\r to ! human     
race40  ,b ?r\gh\t t t]rible trial almo/
 all  prov$ equally great--wom51        
civilians & soldi]s--f ! g5]al d[n      
?r\gh all grades to ! private &         

bugleman4  ,! m5 7 n pick$3  !y belong$ 
to ! same ord9>y p :om we daily meet at 
home--9  ! /reets1 9 work%ops1 9 !      
fields1 at clubs2 yet :5 sudd5  disa/]  
fell ^u !m1 ea* & all display$ a weal? (
 p]sonal  res\rces & en]gy1 & became z x
 7 individually h]oic4  8,n  "o ( !m10  
says ,montalemb]t1 8%rank or            
trembl$--all1 milit>y &  civilians1 "y &
 old1 g5]als & soldi]s1 resi/$1 f\ght1 &
  p]i%$ ) a coolness & intrepidity :i*  
nev] falt]$4  ,x is 9  ?is circum/ance t
 %9es out ! imm5se value ( public       
education1  :i* invites ! ,engli%man f 8
 y\? to make use ( 8 /r5g?  & 8 lib]ty1 
to associate1 resi/1 fe> no?+1 to be    
a/oni%$ at  no?+1 & to save himself1 by 
8 own sole ex]tions1 f e sore  /rait 9  
life40    ,x has be5 said t ,delhi 0    
tak5 & ,india sav$ by ! p]sonal  "* (   
,sir ,john ,lawr5ce4  ,! v "n (         
8,lawr5ce0 repres5t$  p[] 9 ! ,nor?-,we/
 ,prov9ces4  ,8 /&>d ( duty1 zeal1 &    
p]sonal ef=t1 0 ( ! highe/2 & e man :o  
s]v$ "u him  seem$ to be inspir$ by 8   

_s4  ,x 0 decl>$ ( him t 8  "* alone 0  
wor? an army4  ,! same might be said ( 8
 bro!r  ,sir ,h5ry1 :o organis$ !       
,punjaub =ce t took s prom95t a "p  9 ! 
capture ( ,delhi4  ,bo? bro!rs inspir$  
^? :o 7 ab\t  !m ) p]fect love &        
confid5ce4  ,bo? possess$ t quality (   
t5d]ness1 :i* is "o ( ! true elem5ts ( !
 h]oic "*4  ,bo? liv$ among/ ! p1 &     
p[]fully influ5c$ !m = good4  ,above all
 z ,col4 ,edw>des says1 8!y drew models 
on "y fell[s'  m9ds1 :i* !y w5t =? &    
copi$ 9 _! sev]al adm9i/rations3  !y    
sket*$ a fai?1 & begot a s*ool1 :i* are 
bo? liv+  ?+s at ?is day40  ,sir ,john  
,lawr5ce _h by 8 side su* m5 z          
,montgom]y1 ,ni*olson1 ,cotton1 &       
,edw>des1 z prompt1 decisive1 &         
high-s\l$ z himself4  ,john ,ni*olson 0 
"o ( ! f9e/1 manlie/1  & noble/ ( m5--8e
 in* a hakim10 ! natives said ( him--8a 
t[]  ( /r5g?10 z he 0 *>act]is$ by ,"l  
,dalh\sie4  ,9 :atev]  capacity he act$ 
he 0 great1 because he act$ ) 8 :ole    
/r5g?  & s\l4  ,a bro!rhood (           

fake]s--borne away by _! en?usia/ic     
admiration ( ! man--ev5 began ! wor%ip (
 ,nikkil ,seyn3 he _h "s  ( !m puni%$ = 
_! folly1 b !y cont9u$ _! wor%ip        
nev]!less4  ,( 8 su/a9$ en]gy & p]si/5cy
 an illu/ration  may be cit$ 9 8 pursuit
 ( ! #ee? ,sepoy mut9e]s1 :5 he 0 9  !  
saddle = tw5ty consecutive h\rs1 &      
travell$ m ?an sev5ty  miles4  ,:5 !    
enemy set up _! /&>d at ,delhi1 ,lawr5ce
 &  ,montgom]y1 rely+ on ! support ( ! p
 ( ! ,punjaub1 &  compell+ _! admiration
 & confid5ce1 /ra9$ e n]ve to keep  _!  
own prov9ce 9 p]fect ord]1 :il/ !y hurl$
 e available  soldi]1 ,european & ,sikh1
 aga9/ t city4  ,sir ,john wrote to !   
comm&]-9-*ief to 8hang on to ! rebels'  
noses be=e ,delhi10 :ile  ! troops      
press$ on by =c$ m>*es "u ,ni*olson1 8! 
tramp (  ^: w>-horse might be he>d miles
 (f10 z 0 aft]w>ds said ( him  by a r\gh
 ,sikh :o wept ov] 8 grave4    ,! siege 
& /orm+ ( ,delhi 0 ! mo/ illu/ri\s ev5t 
:i*  occurr$ 9 ! c\rse ( t gigantic     
/ruggle1 al?\gh ! leagu] (  ,luckn[1    

dur+ :i* ! m]e/ skeleton ( a ,briti%    
regim5t--!  #cbnd--held out1 "u ! h]oic 
,+lis1 = six mon?s aga9/ two  hundr$    
?\s& arm$ enemies1 has p]haps excit$ m  
int5se  int]e/4  ,at ,delhi1 too1 !     
,briti% 7 really ! besieg$1 ?\gh        
o/5sibly ! besieg]s2 !y 7 a m]e h&ful ( 
m5 89 !  op50--n m ?an #c1gjj bayonets1 
,european & native--& !y 7  assail$ f   
day to day by an army ( rebels numb]+ at
 "o "t z  _m z #ge1jjj m51 tra9$ to     
,european discipl9e by ,engli% (fic]s1  
& suppli$ ) all b exhau/less munitions (
 w>4  ,! h]oic  little b& sat d[n be=e !
 city "u ! burn+ rays ( a tropical  sun4
  ,dea?1 w\nds1 & fev] fail$ to turn !m 
f _! purpose4  ,?irty times !y 7 attack$
 by ov]:elm+ numb]s1 & ?irty times  did 
!y drive back ! enemy beh9d _! def5ces4 
,z ,capta9  ,hodson--himself "o ( !     
brave/ !re--has said1 8,i v5ture to av] 
t  no o!r nation 9 ! _w w\ld h rema9$   
"h1 or avoid$ defeat  if !y _h attempt$ 
to d s40  ,nev] = an in/ant did ^! h]oes
  falt] at _! "w2 ) sublime endurance !y

 held on1 f\ght on1 &  nev] relax$      
until1 da%+ ?r\gh ! 8imm95t deadly      
brea*10 !  place 0 won1 & ! ,briti% flag
 0 aga9 unfurl$ on ! walls (  ,delhi4   
,all 7 great--privates1 (fic]s1 &       
g5]als4  ,common soldi]s  :o _h be5     
inur$ to a life ( h>d%ip1 & "y (fic]s :o
 _h  be5 nurs$ 9 luxuri\s homes1 alike  
prov$ _! manhood1 & em]g$  f t t]rible  
trial ) equal hon\r4  ,! native /r5g? & 
s\ndness ( ! ,engli% race1 & ( manly    
,engli% tra9+ &  discipl9e1 7 nev] m    
p[]fully exhibit$2 & x 0 !re            
emphatically prov$ t ! ,m5 ( ,engl& are1
 aft] all1 its greate/  products4  ,a   
t]rible price 0 paid = ?is great *apt] 9
 our  hi/ory1 b if ^? :o survive1 & ^?  
:o come aft]1 pr(it by  ! lesson &      
example1 x may n h be5 pur*as$ at too   
great a  co/4    ,b n less en]gy &      
c\rage h be5 display$ 9 ,india & ! ,ea/ 
by m5 ( v>i\s nations1 9 o!r l9es (     
action m peaceful &  b5efic5t ?an t (   
w>4  ,& :ile ! h]oes ( ! sword are      
rememb]$1 ! h]oes ( ! gospel ought n to 

be =gott54  ,f  ,xavi] to ,m>tyn &      
,williams1 !re has be5 a succession (   
illu/ri\s  mission>y lab\r]s1 work+ 9 a 
_s ( sublime self-sacrifice1  )\t any   
?\ght ( worldly hon\r1 inspir$ solely by
 ! hope (  seek+ out & rescu+ ! lo/ &   
fall5 ( _! race4  ,borne up by          
inv9cible c\rage & nev]-fail+ pati5ce1  
^! m5 h endur$  privations1 brav$       
dang]s1 walk$ ?r\gh pe/il5ce1 & borne   
all  toils1 fatigues1 & suff]+s1 yet    
held on _! way rejoic+1  glory+ ev5 9   
m>tyrdom itself4  ,( ^! "o ( ! fir/ &   
mo/  illu/ri\s 0 ,francis ,xavi]4  ,born
 ( noble l9eage1 & )  pleasure1 p[]1 &  
hon\r )9 8 rea*1 he prov$ by 8 life t   
!re are high] objects 9 ! _w ?an rank1 &
 nobl] aspirations  ?an ! accumulation (
 weal?4  ,he 0 a true g5tleman 9 mann]s 
&  s5tim5t2 brave1 hon\rable1 g5]\s2    
easily l$1 yet capable (  lead+2 easily 
p]suad$1 yet himself p]suasive2 a mo/   
pati5t1  resolute & en]getic man4  ,at !
 age ( tw5ty-two he 0 e>n+ 8  liv+ z a  
public tea*] ( philosophy at !          

,univ]sity ( ,p>is4  ,!re ,xavi] became 
! intimate fri5d & associate ( ,loyola1 
&  %ortly aft]w>ds he conduct$ !        
pilgrimage ( ! fir/ little b&  (        
proselytes to ,rome4    ,:5 ,john ,,iii4
 ( ,portugal resolv$ to plant           
,*ri/ianity 9 ! ,indian  t]ritories     
subject to 8 influ5ce1 ,bobadilla 0 fir/
 select$ z 8  mission>y2 b be+ disabl$  
by illness1 x 0 f\nd necess>y to make   
ano!r selection1 & ,xavi] 0 *os54       
,repair+ 8 tatt]$  cassock1 & ) no o!r  
baggage ?an 8 brevi>y1 he at once />t$  
= ,lisbon & emb>k$ = ! ,ea/4  ,! %ip 9  
:i* he set sail =  ,goa _h ! ,gov]nor on
 bo>d1 ) a re9=cem5t ( a ?\s& m5 =  !   
g>rison ( ! place4  ,?\gh a cab9 0 plac$
 at 8 disposal1  ,xavi] slept on deck   
?r\gh\t ! voyage ) 8 head on a coil (   
ropes1 mess+ ) ! sailors4  ,by m9i/]+ to
 _! wants1  inv5t+ innoc5t sports = _!  
amusem5t1 & att5d+ !m 9  _! sickness1 he
 :olly won _! he>ts1 & !y reg>d$ him )  
v5]ation4    ,arriv$ at ,goa1 ,xavi] 0  
%ock$ at ! depravity ( ! p1  settl]s z  

well z natives2 = ! =m] _h import$ !    
vices  )\t ! re/ra9ts ( civilization1 & 
! latt] _h only be5 too  apt to imitate 
_! bad example4  ,pass+ along ! /reets (
 ! city1  s\nd+ 8 h&bell z he w5t1 he   
implor$ ! p to s5d him  _! *ildr5 to be 
in/ruct$4  ,he %ortly succe$$ 9 collect+
 a  l>ge numb] ( s*ol>s1 :om he c>efully
 taught day by day1 at !  same "t visit+
 ! sick1 ! lep]s1 & ! wret*$ ( all      
classes1  ) ! object ( assuag+ _!       
mis]ies1 & br++ !m to !  ,tru?4  ,no cry
 ( human suff]+ :i* rea*$ him 0         
disreg>d$4  ,he>+ ( ! degradation &     
mis]y ( ! pe>l fi%]s ( ,mana>1 he  set  
out to visit !m1 & 8 bell aga9 rang out 
! invitation (  m]cy4  ,he baptiz$ & he 
taught1 b ! latt] he c\ld only d  ?r\gh 
int]pret]s4  ,8 mo/ eloqu5t tea*+ 0 8   
m9i/ration to  ! wants & ! suff]+s ( !  
wret*$4    ,on he w5t1 8 h&-bell s\nd+  
along ! coa/ ( ,comor91 among !  t[ns & 
villages1 ! temples & ! baza>s1 summon+ 
! natives to  ga!r ab\t him & be        
in/ruct$4  ,he _h translations made ( ! 

,cate*ism1 ! ,apo/les' ,cre$1 !         
,comm&m5ts1 ! ,"l's ,pray]1 &  "s ( !   
devotional (fices ( ! ,*ur*4  ,committ+ 
^! to memory  9 _! own tongue he recit$ 
!m to ! *ildr51 until !y _h !m  by he>t2
 aft] :i* he s5t !m =? to tea* ! words  
to _!  p>5ts & neighb\rs4  ,at ,cape    
,comor91 he appo9t$ ?irty tea*]s1  :o "u
 himself presid$ ov] ?irty ,*ri/ian     
,*ur*es1 ?\gh !  ,*ur*es 7 b humble1 9  
mo/ cases consi/+ only ( a cottage      
surm\nt$ by a cross4  ,!nce he pass$ to 
,travancore1 s\nd+ 8 way  f village to  
village1 baptiz+ until 8 h&s dropp$ )   
we>9ess1 & repeat+ 8 =mulas until 8     
voice became almo/  inaudible4  ,accord+
 to 8 own acc\nt1 ! success ( 8 mission 
surpass$ 8 highe/ expectations4  ,8     
pure1 e>ne/1 & beautiful  life1 & !     
irresi/ible eloqu5ce ( 8 de$s1 made     
conv]ts :]ev]  he w5t2 & by %e] =ce (   
sympa?y1 ^? :o saw him & li/5$  to him  
ins5sibly caught a portion ( 8 ard\r4   
,burd5$ ) ! ?\ght t 8! h>ve/ is great & 
! lab\r]s  are few10 ,xavi] next sail$  

to ,malacca & ,japan1 :]e he f\nd       
himself  among/ entirely new races      
speak+ o!r tongues4  ,! mo/ t he  c\ld d
 "h 0 to weep & pray1 to smoo? ! pill[ &
 wat* by !  sick-b$1 sometimes soak+ !  
sleeve ( 8 surplice 9 wat]1 f  :i* to   
squeeze out a few drops & baptize ! dy+4
  ,hop+ all  ?+s1 & fe>+ no?+1 ?is      
valiant soldi] ( ! tru? 0 borne  onw>d  
?r\gh\t by fai? & en]gy4  8,:atev] =m ( 
dea? or  torture10 said he1 8awaits me1 
,i am ready to suff] x t5 ?\s& times  = 
! salvation ( a s+le s\l40  ,he battl$ )
 hung]1 ?ir/1  privations & dang]s ( all
 k9ds1 /ill pursu+ 8 mission ( love1    
unre/+ & unwe>y+4  ,at l5g?1 aft] elev5 
ye>s' lab\r1 ?is  great good man1 :ile  
/riv+ to f9d a way into ,*9a1 0 /rick5  
) fev] 9 ! ,isl& ( ,san*ian1 & !re      
receiv$ 8 cr[n (  glory4  ,a h]o ( nobl]
 m\ld1 m pure1 self-d5y+1 & c\rage\s1   
has probably nev] trod ?is e>?4    ,o!r 
mission>ies h foll[$ ,xavi] 9 ! same    
field ( "w1 su*  z ,s*w>tz1 ,c>ey1 &    
,m>%man 9 ,india2 ,gutzlaff & ,morrison 

9  ,*9a2 ,williams 9 ! ,s\? ,seas2      
,campbell1 ,m(fatt & ,liv+/one 9        
,africa4  ,john ,williams1 ! m>tyr (    
,erromanga1 0 orig9ally  appr5tic$ to a 
furni%+ ironmong]4  ,?\gh consid]$ a    
dull boy1 he  0 h&y at 8 trade1 9 :i* he
 acquir$ s mu* skill t 8  ma/] usually  
entru/$ him ) any blacksmi?s "w t       
requir$ !  ex]cise ( m ?an ord9>y c>e4  
,he 0 also fond ( bell-hang+  & o!r     
employm5ts :i* took him away f ! %op4   
,a casual s]mon  :i* he he>d gave 8 m9d 
a s]i\s bias1 & he became a             
,sunday-s*ool tea*]4  ,! cause (        
missions hav+ be5 br\ght "u  8 notice at
 "s ( 8 society's meet+s1 he det]m9$ to 
devote  himself to ?is "w4  ,8 s]vices 7
 accept$ by ! ,london  ,mission>y       
,society2 & 8 ma/] all[$ him to leave ! 
ironmong]'s  %op be=e ! expiry ( 8      
ind5tures4  ,! isl&s ( ! ,pacific       
,ocean 7 ! pr9cipal sc5e ( 8 lab\rs--m  
p>ticul>ly ,huah9e  9 ,tahiti1 ,raiatea1
 & ,r>otonga4  ,l ! ,apo/les he work$ ) 
8  h&s1--at blacksmi? "w1 g>d5+1        

%ipbuild+2 & he endeav\r$ to  tea* !    
isl&]s ! art ( civilis$ life1 at ! same 
"t t he  in/ruct$ !m 9 ! tru?s (        
religion4  ,x 0 9 ! c\rse ( 8           
indefatigable lab\rs t he 0 massacr$ by 
savages on ! %ore (  ,erromanga--none   
wor?i] ?an he to we> ! m>tyr's cr[n4    
,! c>e] ( ,dr4 ,liv+/one is "o ( ! mo/  
int]e/+ ( all4  ,he  has told ! /ory ( 8
 life 9 t mode/ & unassum+ mann] :i*  is
 s *>act]i/ic ( ! man himself4  ,8      
ance/ors 7 poor b  hone/ ,highl&]s1 & x 
is relat$ ( "o ( !m1 r5[n$ 9 8  di/rict 
= wisdom & prud5ce1 t :5 on 8 dea?-b$ he
 call$  8 *ildr5 r\nd him & left !m ^!  
words1 ! only legacy he _h  to          
bequea?--8,9 my life-"t10 said he1 8,i h
 se>*$ mo/ c>efully  ?r\gh all !        
traditions ,i c\ld f9d ( our family1 &  
,i nev] c\ld  discov] t !re 0 a di%one/ 
man among our =efa!rs3 if1  !re=e1 any (
 y or any ( y\r *ildr5 %\ld take to     
di%one/  ways1 x w n be because x runs 9
 our blood2 x does n belong to  y3 ,i   
leave ?is precept ) y--,be hone/40  ,at 

! age ( t5  ,liv+/one 0 s5t to "w 9 a   
cotton factory ne> ,glasg[ z a  8piec]40
  ,) "p ( 8 fir/ week's wages he b\ght a
 ,lat9 gramm>1  & began to le>n t       
language1 pursu+ ! /udy = ye>s at a     
night  s*ool4  ,he w\ld sit up conn+ 8  
lessons till twelve or lat]1 :5  n s5t  
to b$ by 8 "m1 = he _h to be up & at "w 
9 !  factory e morn+ by six4  ,9 ?is way
 he plodd$ ?r\gh ,virgil &  ,horace1    
also read+ ext5sively all books1 except+
 novels1 t came  9 8 way1 b m especially
 sci5tific works & books ( travels4  ,he
 occupi$ 8 sp>e h\rs1 :i* 7 b few1 9 !  
pursuit (  botany1 sc\r+ ! neighb\rhood 
to collect plants4  ,he ev5 c>ri$ on  8 
read+ amid/ ! ro> ( ! factory ma*9]y1 s 
plac+ ! book  ^u ! sp9n+ j5ny :i* he    
work$ t he c\ld cat* s5t5ce  aft] s5t5ce
 z he pass$ x4  ,9 ?is way ! p]sev]+ y\?
  acquir$ mu* useful k2 & z he grew     
old]1 ! desire  possess$ him ( becom+ a 
mission>y to ! hea!n4  ,) ?is object  he
 set himself to obta9 a m$ical          
education1 9 ord] ! bett] to be         

qualifi$ = ! "w4  ,he accord+ly         
economis$ 8 e>n+s1 &  sav$ z mu* money z
 enabl$ him to support himself :ile     
att5d+ !  ,m$ical & ,greek classes1 z   
well z ! ,div9ity ,lectures1 at ,glasg[1
  = sev]al w9t]s1 work+ z a cotton sp9n]
 dur+ ! rema9d] (  ea* ye>4  ,he ?us    
support$ himself1 dur+ 8 college c>e]1  
entirely by 8 own e>n+s z a factory     
workman1 nev] hav+ receiv$  a f>?+ (    
help f any o!r s\rce4  8,look+ back n[10
 he  hone/ly says1 8at t life ( toil1 ,i
 _c b feel ?ankful t x  =m$ su* a       
mat]ial "p ( my e>ly education2 &1 7 x  
possible1  ,i %\ld l to beg9 life ov]   
aga9 9 ! same l[ly /yle1 & to  pass     
?r\gh ! same h>dy tra9+40  ,at l5g? he  
f9i%$ 8 m$ical  curriculum1 wrote 8     
,lat9 !sis1 pass$ 8 exam9ations1 & 0    
admitt$ a lic5tiate ( ! ,faculty (      
,physicians & ,surgeons4  ,at  fir/ he  
?\ght ( go+ to ,*9a1 b ! w> !n wag+ ) t 
c\ntry prev5t$ 8 foll[+ out ! idea2 &   
hav+ (f]$ 8  s]vices to ! ,london       
,mission>y ,society1 he 0 by !m s5t out 

to  ,africa1 :i* he rea*$ 9 #ahdj4  ,he 
_h int5d$ to proce$ to ,*9a by  8 own   
ef=ts2 & he says ! only pang he _h 9 go+
 to ,africa at  ! *>ge ( ! ,london      
,mission>y ,society 01 because 8x 0 n  q
 agreeable to "o accu/om$ to "w 8 own   
way to become1 9 a  mann]1 dep5d5t ^u   
o!rs40  ,arriv$ 9 ,africa he set to "w )
  great zeal4  ,he c\ld n brook ! idea (
 m]ely ent]+ ^u !  lab\rs ( o!rs1 b cut 
out a l>ge sph]e ( indep5d5t "w1  prep>+
 himself = x by und]tak+ manual lab\r 9 
build+ &  o!r h&icraft employm5t1 9     
addition to tea*+1 :i*1 he says1  8made 
me g5]ally z mu* exhau/$ & unfit = /udy 
9 ! ev5+s  z ev] ,i _h be5 :5 a         
cotton-sp9n]40  ,:il/ lab\r+ among/ !   
,be*uanas1 he dug canals1 built h\ses1  
cultivat$ fields1 re>$ cattle1  & taught
 ! natives to "w z well z wor%ip4  ,:5  
he fir/ />t$  ) a p>ty ( !m on foot ^u a
 long j\rney1 he ov]he>d _!  obs]vations
 ^u 8 appe>ance & p[]s--8,he is n       
/rong10 said  !y2 8he is q slim1 & only 
appe>s /\t because he puts himself  into

 ^? bags 7tr[s]s73 he w soon knock up40 
,?is caus$ !  mission>y's ,highl& blood 
to rise1 & made him despise ! fatigue ( 
keep+ !m all at ! top ( _! spe$ = days  
toge!r1 until he  he>d !m express+ prop]
 op9ions ( 8 p$e/rian p[]s4  ,:at he    
did 9 ,africa1 & h[ he work$1 may be    
le>nt f 8 own #8,mission>y  ,travels1'  
"o ( ! mo/ fasc9at+ books ( its k9d t   
has ev]  be5 giv5 to ! public4  ,"o ( 8 
la/ kn[n acts is ?or\ghly  *>act]i/ic ( 
! man4  ,! #8,birk5head' /eam laun*1 :i*
 he took  out ) him to ,africa1 hav+    
prov$ a failure1 he s5t home ord]s =  ! 
con/ruction ( ano!r vessel at an e/imat$
 co/ ( #bjjjl4  ,?is  sum he propos$ to 
defray out ( ! means :i* he _h set aside
 = 8  *ildr5 aris+ f ! pr(its ( 8 books 
( travels4  8,! *ildr5  mu/ make x up   
!mselves10 0 9 effect 8 expression 9    
s5d+ home  ! ord] = ! appropriation ( ! 
money4    ,! c>e] ( ,john ,h[>d 0       
?r\gh\t a /rik+ illu/ration ( !  same   
p[] ( pati5t purpose4  ,8 sublime life  
prov$ t ev5  physical weakness c\ld     

remove m\nta9s 9 ! pursuit ( an end     
recomm5d$ by duty4  ,! idea ( ameliorat+
 ! condition ( prison]s  engross$ 8 :ole
 ?\ghts & possess$ him l a passion2 & no
  toil1 nor dang]1 nor bodily suff]+    
c\ld turn him f t great  object ( 8     
life4  ,?\gh a man ( no g5ius & b       
mod]ate tal5t1  8 he>t 0 pure & 8 w 0   
/rong4  ,ev5 9 8 own "t he  a*iev$ a    
rem>kable degree ( success2 & 8 influ5ce
 did n die  ) him1 = x has cont9u$      
p[]fully to affect n only !  legislation
 ( ,engl&1 b ( all civilis$ nations1 d[n
 to ! pres5t  h\r4    ,jonas ,hanway 0  
ano!r ( ! _m pati5t & p]sev]+ m5 :o h   
made ,engl& :at x is--cont5t simply to d
 ) en]gy ! "w !y  h be5 appo9t$ to d1 & 
g to _! re/ ?ankfully :5 x is  done--   
8,leav+ no memorial b a _w      ,made   
bett] by _! lives40    ,he 0 born 9     
#agab1 at ,portsm\?1 :]e 8 fa!r1 a      
/orekeep] 9  ! docky>d1 be+ kill$ by an 
accid5t1 he 0 left an orphan at an  e>ly
 age4  ,8 "m remov$ ) h] *ildr5 to      
,london1 :]e %e _h  !m put to s*ool1 &  

/ruggl$ h>d to br+ !m up respectably4   
,at  sev5te5 ,jonas 0 s5t to ,lisbon to 
be appr5tic$ to a m]*ant1 :]e  8 close  
att5tion to bus9ess1 8 punctuality1 & 8 
/rict hon\r  & integrity1 ga9$ = him !  
respect & e/eem ( all :o knew him4      
,return+ to ,london 9 #agdc1 he accept$ 
! (f] ( a p>tn]%ip 9 an  ,engli%        
m]cantile h\se at ,/4 ,pet]sburg engag$ 
9 ! ,caspian trade1  !n 9 its infancy4  
,hanway w5t to ,russia = ! purpose (    
ext5d+  ! bus9ess2 & %ortly aft] 8      
arrival at ! capital he set out =       
,p]sia1 ) a c>avan ( ,engli% bales (    
clo? mak+ tw5ty c>riage  loads4  ,at    
,a/racan he sail$ = ,a/rabad1 on !      
s\?-ea/]n %ore (  ! ,caspian2 b he _h   
sc>cely l&$ 8 bales1 :5 an insurrection 
broke out1 8 goods 7 seiz$1 & ?\gh he   
aft]w>ds recov]$ !  pr9cipal "p ( !m1 ! 
fruits ( 8 ent]prise 7 9 a great        
measure lo/4  ,a plot 0 set on foot to  
seize himself & 8 p>ty2 s  he took to   
sea &1 aft] enc\nt]+ great p]ils1 rea*$ 
,ghilan 9  safety4  ,8 escape on ?is    

occasion gave him ! fir/ idea ( ! words 
:i* he aft]w>ds adopt$ z ! motto ( 8    
life--8,nev] ,despair40  ,he aft]w>ds   
resid$ 9 ,/4 ,pet]sburg = five ye>s1    
c>ry+ on a  prosp]\s bus9ess4  ,b a     
relative hav+ left him "s prop]ty1 &  8 
own means be+ consid]able1 he left      
,russia1 & arriv$ 9 8  native c\ntry 9  
#agee4  ,8 object 9 return+ to ,engl& 01
 z he  himself express$ x1 8to consult 8
 own heal? 7:i* 0 extremely  delicate71 
& d z mu* good to himself & o!rs z he 0 
able40  ,! re/ ( 8 life 0 sp5t 9 de$s ( 
active b5evol5ce &  usefulness to 8     
fell[ m54  ,he liv$ 9 a quiet /yle1 9   
ord] t  he might employ a l>g] %>e ( 8  
income 9 works ( b5evol5ce4  ,"o ( !    
fir/ public improvem5ts to :i* he devot$
 himself 0 t  ( ! highways ( !          
metropolis1 9 :i* he succe$$ to a l>ge  
ext5t4  ,! rum\r ( a ,fr5* invasion be+ 
preval5t 9 #agee1 ,mr4  ,hanway turn$ 8 
att5tion to ! be/ mode ( keep+ up !     
supply (  seam54  ,he summon$ a meet+ ( 
m]*ants & %ip[n]s at ! ,royal  ,ex*ange1

 & !re propos$ to !m to =m !mselves into
 a society  = fitt+ out l&sm5 volunte]s 
& boys1 to s]ve on bo>d !  k+'s %ips4   
,! proposal 0 receiv$ ) en?usiasm3 a    
society 0  =m$1 & (fic]s 7 appo9t$1 ,mr4
 ,hanway direct+ its entire  op]ations4 
,! result 0 ! e/abli%m5t 9 #agef ( ,!   
,m>9e  ,society1 an in/itution :i* has  
prov$ ( mu* national advantage1 &  is to
 ?is day ( great & sub/antial utility4  
,)9 six ye>s f  its =mation1 #edea boys 
& #dghg l&sm5 volunte]s _h be5 tra9$  & 
fitt$ out by ! society & add$ to ! navy1
 & to ?is day x  is 9 active op]ation1  
ab\t #fjj poor boys1 aft] a c>eful      
education1  be+ annually appr5tic$ z    
sailors1 pr9cipally 9 ! m]*ant  s]vice4 
,mr4 ,hanway devot$ ! o!r portions ( 8  
sp>e "t to improv+ or  e/abli%+         
important public in/itutions 9 !        
metropolis4  ,f an  e>ly p]iod he took  
an active int]e/ 9 ! ,f\ndl+ ,hospital1 
:i*  _h be5 />t$ by ,?omas ,coram _m    
ye>s be=e1 b :i*1 by  enc\rag+ p>5ts to 
ab&on _! *ildr5 to ! *>ge ( a *>ity1  0 

?reat5+ to d m h>m ?an good4  ,he       
det]m9$ to take /eps  to /em ! evil1    
ent]+ ^u ! "w 9 ! face ( ! fa%ionable   
philan?ropy ( ! "t2 b by hold+ to 8     
purpose he ev5tually  succe$$ 9 br++ !  
*>ity back to its prop] objects2 & "t  &
 exp]i5ce h prov$ t he 0 "r4  ,!        
,magdal5 ,hospital 0  also e/abli%$ 9 a 
great measure ?r\gh ,mr4 ,hanway's      
ex]tions4  ,b  8 mo/ labori\s & p]sev]+ 
ef=ts 7 9 behalf ( ! infant  p>i% poor4 
,! mis]y & neglect amid/ :i* ! *ildr5 ( 
!  p>i% poor !n grew up1 & ! mortality  
:i* prevail$ among/ !m1  7 frightful2 b 
!re 0 no fa%ionable movem5t on foot to  
abate  ! suff]+1 z 9 ! case ( ! f\ndl+s4
  ,s ,jonas ,hanway  summon$ 8 en]gies  
to ! task4  ,alone & unassi/$ he fir/   
asc]ta9$ by p]sonal inquiry ! ext5t ( ! 
evil4  ,he explor$ !  dwell+s ( ! poore/
 classes 9 ,london1 & visit$ ! poorh\se 
sick w>ds1 by :i* he asc]ta9$ !         
managem5t 9 detail ( e  workh\se 9 & ne>
 ! metropolis4  ,he next made a j\rney  
into ,france  & ?r\gh ,holl&1 visit+ !  

h\ses = ! reception ( ! poor1  & not+   
:atev] he ?\ght might be adopt$ at home 
) advantage4  ,he 0 ?us employ$ = five  
ye>s2 & on 8 return to ,engl& he        
publi%$ ! results ( 8 obs]vations4  ,!  
consequ5ce 0 t _m  ( ! workh\ses 7 re=m$
 & improv$4  ,9 #agfa he obta9$ an ,act 
oblig+ e ,london p>i% to keep an annual 
regi/] ( all !  infants receiv$1        
dis*>g$1 & dead2 & he took c>e t ! ,act 
%\ld "w1 = he himself sup]9t5d$ its     
work+ ) indefatigable  wat*fulness4  ,he
 w5t ab\t f workh\se to workh\se 9 !    
morn+1  & f "o memb] ( p>liam5t to ano!r
 9 ! aft]noon1 = day  aft] day1 & = ye> 
aft] ye>1 endur+ e rebuff1 answ]+  e    
objection1 & accommodat+ himself to e   
hum\r4  ,at l5g?1  aft] a p]sev]ance    
h>dly to be equall$1 & aft] ne>ly t5    
ye>s'  lab\r1 he obta9$ ano!r ,act1 at 8
 sole exp5se 7#g ,geo4 ,,iii4 c4 #ci71  
direct+ t all p>i% infants belong+ to ! 
p>i%es )9 !  bills ( mortality %\ld n be
 nurs$ 9 ! workh\ses1 b be s5t to  nurse
 a c]ta9 numb] ( miles out ( t[n1 until 

!y 7 six ye>s  old1 "u ! c>e ( gu>dians 
to be elect$ tri5nially4  ,! poor  p    
call$ ?is 8! ,act = keep+ *ildr5 alive20
 & !  regi/]s = ! ye>s :i* foll[$ its   
pass+1 z comp>$ )  ^? :i* prec$$ x1 %[$ 
t ?\s&s ( lives _h be5  pres]v$ ?r\gh ! 
judici\s int]f]5ce ( ?is good & s5sible 
man4    ,:]ev] a philan?ropic "w 0 to be
 done 9 ,london1 be sure t  ,jonas      
,hanway's h& 0 9 x4  ,"o ( ! fir/ ,acts 
= ! protection  ( *imney-sweep]s' boys 0
 obta9$ ?r\gh 8 influ5ce4  ,a           
de/ructive fire at ,montreal1 & ano!r at
 ,bridget[n1 ,b>badoes1  af=d$ him !    
opportunity = rais+ a timely            
subscription = !  relief ( ! suff]]s4   
,8 "n appe>$ 9 e li/1 & 8  dis9t]e/$ness
 & s9c]ity 7 univ]sally recogniz$4  ,b  
he 0  n suff]$ to wa/e 8 little =tune   
entirely 9 ! s]vice (  o!rs4  ,five     
lead+ citiz5s ( ,london1 head$ by ,mr4  
,ho>e1 !  bank]1 )\t ,mr4 ,hanway's k1  
wait$ on ,"l ,bute1 !n prime  m9i/]1 9 a
 body1 & 9 ! names ( _! fell[-citiz5s   
reque/$  t "s notice might be tak5 ( ?is

 good man's dis9t]e/$ s]vices  to 8     
c\ntry4  ,! result 01 8 appo9tm5t %ortly
 aft]1 z "o (  ! commission]s =         
victuall+ ! navy4    ,t[>ds ! close ( 8 
life ,mr4 ,hanway's heal? became v      
feeble1 &  al?\gh he f\nd x necess>y to 
resign 8 (fice at ! ,victuall+  ,bo>d1  
he c\ld n be idle2 b lab\r$ at !        
e/abli%m5t ( ,sunday  ,s*ools1--a       
movem5t !n 9 its infancy1--or 9 reliev+ 
poor blacks1  _m ( :om w&]$ de/itute    
ab\t ! /reets ( ! metropolis1--or1  9   
alleviat+ ! suff]+s ( "s neglect$ &     
de/itute class (  society4  ,not)/&+ 8  
famili>ity ) mis]y 9 all its %apes1  he 
0 "o ( ! mo/ *e]ful ( be+s2 &1 b = 8    
*e]fulness  he c\ld nev]1 ) s delicate a
 frame1 h got ?r\gh s va/ an  am\nt (   
self-impos$ "w4  ,he dread$ no?+ s mu* z
 inactivity4  ,?\gh fragile1 he 0 bold &
 indefatigable2 & 8 moral c\rage 0  ( ! 
fir/ ord]4  ,x may be reg>d$ z a trivial
 matt] to m5tion  t he 0 ! fir/ :o      
v5tur$ to walk ! /reets ( ,london ) an  
umbrella ov] 8 head4  ,b let any mod]n  

,london m]*ant v5ture to  walk along    
,cornhill 9 a peak$ ,*9ese hat1 & he w  
f9d x takes  "s degree ( moral c\rage to
 p]sev]e 9 x4  ,aft] c>ry+ an  umbrella 
= ?irty ye>s1 ,mr4 ,hanway saw ! article
 at l5g? come into  g5]al use4          
,hanway 0 a man ( /rict hon\r1          
tru?fulness1 & integrity2 & e  ^w he    
said might be reli$ ^u4  ,he _h s great 
a respect1 am\nt+  almo/ to a rev]5ce1 =
 ! "* ( ! hone/ m]*ant1 t x  0 ! only   
subject ^u :i* he 0 ev] s$uc$ into a    
eulogium4  ,he  /rictly practis$ :at he 
pr(ess$1 & bo? z a m]*ant1 &  aft]w>ds z
 a commission] = victuall+ ! navy1 8    
conduct 0  )\t /a94  ,he w\ld n accept !
 slighte/ fav\r ( any sort f  a         
contractor2 & :5 any pres5t 0 s5t to him
 :il/ at !  ,victuall+ ,(fice1 he w\ld  
politely return x1 ) ! intimation t  8he
 _h made x a rule n to accept any?+ f   
any p]son engag$  ) ! (fice40  ,:5 he   
f\nd 8 p[]s fail+1 he prep>$ =  dea? ) z
 mu* *e]fulness z he w\ld h prep>$      
himself = a  j\rney into ! c\ntry4  ,he 

s5t r\nd & paid all 8 tradesm51 took    
leave ( 8 fri5ds1 arrang$ 8 affairs1 _h 
8 p]son neatly  dispos$ (1 & p>t$ ) life
 s]5ely & peacefully 9 8 #gd?  ye>4  ,! 
prop]ty :i* he left did n am\nt to two  
?\s& p\nds1  &1 z he _h no relatives :o 
want$ x1 he divid$ x among/ sundry      
orphans & poor p]sons :om he _h befri5d$
 dur+ 8 lifetime4  ,su*1 9 brief1 0 !   
beautiful life ( ,jonas ,hanway1--z     
hone/1  en]getic1 h>d-work+1 &          
true-he>t$ a man z ev] liv$4    ,! life 
( ,granville ,%>p is ano!r /rik+ example
 ( ! same p[]  ( individual en]gy--a p[]
 :i* 0 aft]w>ds transfus$ into !  noble 
b& ( work]s 9 ! cause ( ,slav]y         
,abolition1 prom95t among  :om 7        
,cl>kson1 ,wilb]=ce1 ,buxton1 &         
,br\gham4  ,b1 giants  ?\gh ^! m5 7 9   
?is cause1 ,granville ,%>p 0 ! fir/1 &  
p]haps ! greate/ ( !m all1 9 po9t (     
p]sev]ance1 en]gy1 &  intrepidity4  ,he 
began life z appr5tice to a l95-drap] on
 ,t[]  ,hill2 b1 leav+ t bus9ess aft] 8 
appr5tice%ip 0 out1 he  next ent]$ z a  

cl]k 9 ! ,ordnance ,(fice2 & x 0 :ile   
engag$  9 t humble occupation t he c>ri$
 on 9 8 sp>e h\rs ! "w  ( ,negro        
,emancipation4  ,he 0 always1 ev5 :5 an 
appr5tice1 ready to  und]take any am\nt 
( volunte] lab\r :]e a useful purpose 0 
to be  s]v$4  ,?us1 :ile le>n+ !        
l95-drap]y bus9ess1 a fell[  appr5tice  
:o lodg$ 9 ! same h\se1 & 0 a ,unit>ian1
 l$ him  into frequ5t discussions on    
religi\s subjects4  ,! ,unit>ian y\?    
insi/$ t ,granville's ,tr9it>ian        
misconception ( c]ta9 passages  (       
,scripture arose f 8 want ( acqua9tance 
) ! ,greek tongue2  on :i* he imm$iately
 set to "w 9 8 ev5+ h\rs1 & %ortly      
acquir$ an intimate k ( ,greek4  ,a     
simil> controv]sy )  ano!r              
fell[-appr5tice1 a ,jew1 z to !         
int]pretation ( !  prophecies1 l$ him 9 
l mann] to und]take & ov]come !         
difficulties ( ,hebrew4    ,b !         
circum/ance :i* gave ! bias & direction 
to ! ma9  lab\rs ( 8 life orig9at$ 9 8  
g5]osity & b5evol5ce4  ,8  bro!r        

,william1 a surgeon 9 ,m9c+ ,lane1 gave 
gratuit\s advice to !  poor1 & among/ ! 
num]\s applicants = relief at 8 surg]y 0
 a  poor ,african nam$ ,jona?an ,/rong4 
,x appe>$ t ! negro _h be5  brutally    
treat$ by 8 ma/]1 a ,b>badoes lawy] !n 9
 ,london1 &  became lame1 almo/ bl9d1 & 
unable to "w2 on :i* 8 own]1  reg>d+ him
 z ( no fur!r value z a *attel1 cruelly 
turn$ him  adrift into ! /reets to />ve4
  ,?is poor man1 a mass ( disease1      
support$ himself by begg+ = a "t1 until 
he f\nd 8 way to  ,william ,%>p1 :o gave
 him "s m$ic9e1 & %ortly aft] got him   
admitt$ to ,/4 ,b>?olomew's hospital1   
:]e he 0 cur$4  ,on com+  out ( !       
hospital1 ! two bro!rs support$ ! negro 
9 ord] to  keep him (f ! /reets1 b !y _h
 n ! lea/ suspicion at !  "t t any "o _h
 a claim ^u 8 p]son4  ,!y ev5 succe$$ 9 
obta9+ a situation = ,/rong ) an        
apo!c>y1 9 ^: s]vice he  rema9$ = two   
ye>s2 & x 0 :ile he 0 att5d+ 8 mi/ress  
beh9d a hackney coa*1 t 8 =m] own]1 !   
,b>badoes lawy]1  recogniz$ him1 &      

det]m9$ to recov] possession ( ! slave1 
aga9  r5d]$ valuable by ! re/oration ( 8
 heal?4  ,! lawy] employ$  two ( ! ,"l  
,mayor's (fic]s to appreh5d ,/rong1 & he
 0 lodg$  9 ! ,compt]1 until he c\ld be 
%ipp$ (f to ! ,we/ ,indies4  ,!  negro1 
be?9k+ him 9 8 captivity ( ! k9d s]vices
 :i*  ,granville ,%>p _h r5d]$ him 9 8  
great di/ress "s ye>s be=e1  despat*$ a 
lett] to him reque/+ 8 help4  ,%>p _h   
=gott5 !  "n ( ,/rong1 b he s5t a       
mess5g] to make inquiries1 :o return$   
say+ t ! keep]s d5i$ hav+ any su* p]son 
9 _! *>ge4  ,8 suspicions 7 r\s$1 & he  
w5t =?) to ! prison1 &  insi/$ ^u see+  
,jona?an ,/rong4  ,he 0 admitt$1 &      
recogniz$  ! poor negro1 n[ 9 cu/ody z a
 recaptur$ slave4  ,mr4 ,%>p *>g$  !    
ma/] ( ! prison at 8 own p]il n to      
deliv] up ,/rong to any  p]son :atev]1  
until he _h be5 c>ri$ be=e ! ,"l ,mayor1
 to :om  ,%>p imm$iately w5t1 & obta9$ a
 summons aga9/ ^? p]sons :o  _h seiz$ & 
imprison$ ,/rong )\t a w>rant4  ,!      
p>ties appe>$  be=e ! ,"l ,mayor        

accord+ly1 & x appe>$ f ! proce$+s  t   
,/rong's =m] ma/] _h already sold him to
 a new "o1 :o  produc$ ! bill ( sale &  
claim$ ! negro z 8 prop]ty4  ,z no  *>ge
 ( (f5ce 0 made aga9/ ,/rong1 & z ! ,"l 
,mayor 0  incompet5t to deal ) ! legal  
"q ( ,/rong's lib]ty or  o!rwise1 he    
dis*>g$ him1 & ! slave foll[$ 8         
b5efactor out  ( c\rt1 no "o d>+ to t\* 
him4  ,! man's own] imm$iately gave     
,%>p notice ( an action to recov]       
possession ( 8 negro slave1 (  :om he   
decl>$ he _h be5 robb$4    ,ab\t t "t   
7#agfg71 ! p]sonal lib]ty ( !           
,engli%man1 ?\gh  *]i%$ z a !ory1 0     
subject to griev\s infr+em5ts1 & 0      
almo/ daily violat$4  ,! impressm5t ( m5
 = ! sea s]vice 0  con/antly practis$1  
&1 besides ! press-gangs1 !re 7 regul>  
b&s ( kidnapp]s employ$ 9 ,london & all 
! l>ge t[ns ( !  k+dom1 to seize m5 = ! 
,ea/ ,india ,company's s]vice4  ,& :5 ! 
m5 7 n want$ = ,india1 !y 7 %ipp$ (f to 
! plant]s 9  ! ,am]ican colonies4       
,negro slaves 7 op5ly adv]tis$ = sale 9 

! ,london & ,liv]pool newspap]s4        
,rew>ds 7 (f]$ = recov]+  & secur+      
fugitive slaves1 & convey+ !m d[n to    
c]ta9  specifi$ %ips 9 ! riv]4    ,!    
position ( ! reput$ slave 9 ,engl& 0    
undef9$ & d\btful4  ,! judgm5ts :i* _h  
be5 giv5 9 ! c\rts ( law 7 fluctuat+  & 
v>i\s1 re/+ on no settl$ pr9ciple4      
,al?\gh x 0 a popul>  belief t no slave 
c\ld brea! 9 ,engl&1 !re 7 legal m5 (   
em95ce :o express$ a directly contr>y   
op9ion4  ,! lawy]s to :om  ,mr4 ,%>p    
resort$ = advice1 9 def5d+ himself 9 !  
action rais$  aga9/ him 9 ! case (      
,jona?an ,/rong1 g5]ally concurr$ 9 ?is 
view1 & he 0 fur!r told by ,jona?an     
,/rong's own]1 t !  em95t ,"l ,*ief     
,ju/ice ,mansfield1 & all ! lead+       
c\nsel1 7  decid$ly ( op9ion t ! slave1 
by com+ into ,engl&1 did n  become free1
 b might legally be compell$ to return  
aga9 to !  plantations4  ,su* in=mation 
w\ld h caus$ despair 9 a m9d less       
c\rage\s & e>ne/ ?an t ( ,granville     
,%>p2 b x only s]v$  to /imulate 8      

resolution to fight ! battle ( !        
negroes' fre$om1  at lea/ 9 ,engl&4     
8,=sak510 he said1 8by my pr(essional   
def5d]s1  ,i 0 compell$1 ?r\gh ! want ( 
regul> legal assi/ance1 to make a       
hopeless attempt at self-def5ce1 ?\gh ,i
 0 totally unacqua9t$  ei!r ) ! practice
 ( ! law or ! f\ndations ( x1 hav+  nev]
 op5$ a law book 7except ! ,bible7 9 my 
life1 until t "t1  :5 ,i mo/ reluctantly
 und]took to se>* ! indexes ( a law     
libr>y1  :i* my booksell] _h lately     
pur*as$40    ,! :ole ( 8 "t dur+ ! day 0
 occupi$ ) ! bus9ess (  ! ordnance      
dep>tm5t1 :]e he held ! mo/ labori\s po/
 9 !  (fice2 he 0 !re=e "u ! necessity (
 conduct+ 8 new  /udies late at night or
 e>ly 9 ! morn+4  ,he confess$ t he 0   
himself becom+ a sort ( slave4  ,writ+  
to a cl]ical fri5d to excuse  himself = 
delay 9 reply+ to a lett]1 he said1 8,i 
pr(ess myself  entirely incapable (     
hold+ a lit]>y correspond5ce4  ,:at     
little  "t ,i h be5 able to save f sleep
 at night1 & e>ly 9 !  morn+1 has be5   

necess>ily employ$ 9 ! exam9ation ( "s  
po9ts  ( law1 :i* admitt$ ( no delay1 & 
yet requir$ ! mo/ dilig5t  rese>*es &   
exam9ation 9 my /udy40    ,mr4 ,%>p gave
 up e leisure mom5t t he c\ld comm& dur+
 !  next two ye>s1 to ! close /udy ( !  
laws ( ,engl& affect+  p]sonal          
lib]ty1--wad+ ?r\gh an imm5se mass ( dry
 & repulsive  lit]ature1 & mak+ extracts
 ( all ! mo/ important ,acts (          
,p>liam5t1 decisions ( ! c\rts1 &       
op9ions ( em95t lawy]s1 z  he w5t along4
  ,9 ?is t$i\s & protract$ inquiry he _h
 no  in/ructor1 nor assi/ant1 nor       
advis]4  ,he c\ld n f9d a s+le  lawy] ^:
 op9ion 0 fav\rable to 8 und]tak+4  ,!  
results (  8 inquiries 71 h[ev]1 z      
gratify+ to himself1 z !y 7  surpris+ to
 ! g5tlem5 ( ! law4  8,god be ?ank$10 he
 wrote1  8!re is no?+ 9 any ,engli% law 
or /atute--at lea/ t ,i am able  to f9d 
out--t c ju/ify ! enslav+ ( o!rs40  ,he 
_h plant$  8 foot firm1 & n[ he d\bt$   
no?+4  ,he drew up ! result ( 8  /udies 
9 a summ>y =m2 x 0 a pla91 cle>1 & manly

 /atem5t1  entitl$1 #8,on ! ,inju/ice ( 
,tol]at+ ,slav]y 9 ,engl&2' &  num]\s   
copies1 made by himself1 7 circulat$ by 
him among/ ! mo/  em95t lawy]s ( ! "t4  
,/rong's own]1 f9d+ ! sort ( man he  _h 
to deal )1 inv5t$ v>i\s pretexts =      
def]r+ ! suit  aga9/ ,%>p1 & at l5g?    
(f]$ a compromise1 :i* 0 reject$4       
,granville w5t on circulat+ 8 manuscript
 tract among ! lawy]s1  until at l5g? ^?
 employ$ aga9/ ,jona?an ,/rong 7 det]r$ 
f  proce$+ fur!r1 & ! result 01 t !     
pla9tiff 0 compell$  to pay treble co/s 
= n br++ =w>d 8 action4  ,! tract 0  !n 
pr9t$ 9 #agfi4    ,9 ! mean "t o!r cases
 occurr$ ( ! kidnapp+ ( negroes 9       
,london1 & _! %ipm5t to ! ,we/ ,indies =
 sale4  ,:]ev] ,%>p  c\ld lay hold ( any
 su* case1 he at once took proce$+s to  
rescue  ! negro4  ,?us ! wife ( "o      
,hylas1 an ,african1 0 seiz$1 &         
despat*$ to ,b>badoes2 on :i* ,%>p1 9 ! 
"n ( ,hylas1 in/itut$  legal proce$+s   
aga9/ ! aggressor1 obta9$ a v]dict )    
damages1  & ,hylas's wife 0 br\ght back 

to ,engl& free4    ,ano!r =cible capture
 ( a negro1 att5d$ ) great cruelty1 hav+
  occurr$ 9 #aggj1 he imm$iately set    
himself on ! track ( !  aggressors4  ,an
 ,african1 nam$ ,lewis1 0 seiz$ "o d>k  
night by two  wat]m5 employ$ by ! p]son 
:o claim$ ! negro z 8 prop]ty1  dragg$  
into ! wat]1 hoi/$ into a boat1 :]e he 0
 gagg$1 & 8  limbs 7 ti$2 & !n r[+ d[n  
riv]1 !y put him on bo>d a %ip  b\nd =  
,jamaica1 :]e he 0 to be sold = a slave 
^u 8 arrival  9 ! isl&4  ,! cries ( !   
poor negro _h1 h[ev]1 attract$ !        
att5tion ( "s neighb\rs2 "o ( :om       
proce$$ direct to ,mr4  ,granville ,%>p1
 n[ kn[n z ! negro's fri5d1 & in=m$ him 
( !  outrage4  ,%>p imm$iately got a    
w>rant to br+ back ,lewis1 & he  proce$$
 to ,graves5d1 b on arrival !re ! %ip _h
 sail$ = !  ,d[ns4  ,a writ ( ,habeas   
,corpus 0 obta9$1 s5t d[n to ,spi!ad1 & 
be=e ! %ip c\ld leave ! %ores ( ,engl& !
 writ 0 s]v$4  ,! slave 0 f\nd *a9$ to !
 ma9-ma/ ba!d 9 te>s1 ca/+  m\rnful     
looks on ! l& f :i* he 0 ab\t to be     

torn4  ,he 0  imm$iately lib]at$1 br\ght
 back to ,london1 & a w>rant 0 issu$    
aga9/ ! au?or ( ! outrage4  ,!          
promptitude ( head1 he>t1 &  h&1        
display$ by ,mr4 ,%>p 9 ?is transaction 
c\ld sc>cely h be5  surpass$1 & yet he  
accus$ himself ( sl[ness4  ,! case 0    
tri$  be=e ,"l ,mansfield--^: op9ion1 x 
w be rememb]$1 _h already  be5 express$ 
z decid$ly oppos$ to t ent]ta9$ by      
,granville  ,%>p4  ,! judge1 h[ev]1     
avoid$ br++ ! "q to an issue1 or  (f]+  
any op9ion on ! legal "q z to ! slave's 
p]sonal  lib]ty or o!rwise1 b dis*>g$ ! 
negro because ! def5dant  c\ld br+ no   
evid5ce t ,lewis 0 ev5 nom9ally 8       
prop]ty4    ,! "q ( ! p]sonal lib]ty ( !
 negro 9 ,engl& 0  !re=e /ill undecid$2 
b 9 ! mean "t ,mr4 ,%>p cont9u$  /eady 9
 8 b5evol5t c\rse1 & by 8 indefatigable 
ex]tions &  promptitude ( action1 _m m 7
 add$ to ! li/ ( ! rescu$4  ,at l5g? !  
important case ( ,james ,som]set        
occurr$2 a case :i* is  said to h be5   
select$1 at ! mutual desire ( ,"l       

,mansfield &  ,mr4 ,%>p1 9 ord] to br+ !
 great "q involv$ to a cle> legal       
issue4  ,som]set _h be5 br\ght to ,engl&
 by 8 ma/]1 & left  !re4  ,aft]w>ds 8   
ma/] s\ght to appreh5d him & s5d him (f 
to  ,jamaica1 = sale4  ,mr4 ,%>p1 z     
usual1 at once took ! negro's case 9    
h&1 & employ$ c\nsel to def5d him4  ,"l 
,mansfield intimat$ t  ! case 0 ( su*   
g5]al conc]n1 t he %\ld take ! op9ion ( 
all ! judges ^u x4  ,mr4 ,%>p n[ felt t 
he w\ld h to cont5d  ) all ! =ce t c\ld 
be br\ght aga9/ him1 b 8 resolution  0 9
 no wise %ak54  ,=tunately = him1 9 ?is 
sev]e /ruggle1 8  ex]tions _h already   
begun to tell3 increas+ int]e/ 0 tak5 9 
!  "q1 & _m em95t legal g5tlem5 op5ly   
decl>$ !mselves to  be ^u 8 side4    ,! 
cause ( p]sonal lib]ty1 n[ at /ake1 0   
fairly tri$ be=e ,"l  ,mansfield1 assi/$
 by ! ?ree ju/ices1--& tri$ on ! broad  
pr9ciple ( ! ess5tial & con/itutional "r
 ( e man 9  ,engl& to ! lib]ty ( 8      
p]son1 unless =feit$ by ! law4  ,x is   
unnecess>y "h to ent] into any acc\nt ( 

?is great trial2 !  argum5ts ext5d$ to a
 great l5g?1 ! cause be+ c>ri$ ov] to   
ano!r t]m1--:5 x 0 adj\rn$ &            
re-adj\rn$1--b at l5g?  judgm5t 0 giv5  
by ,"l ,mansfield1 9 ^: p[]ful m9d s    
gradual a  *ange _h be5 work$ by !      
argum5ts ( c\nsel1 bas$ ma9ly on        
,granville ,%>p's tract1 t he n[ decl>$ 
! c\rt to be s cle>ly  ( "o op9ion1 t   
!re 0 no necessity = ref]r+ ! case to ! 
twelve judges4  ,he !n decl>$ t ! claim 
( slav]y nev] c be  support$2 t ! p[]   
claim$ nev] 0 9 use 9 ,engl&1 nor       
ackn[l$g$ by ! law2 !re=e ! man ,james  
,som]set mu/ be  dis*>g$4  ,by secur+   
?is judgm5t ,granville ,%>p effectually 
aboli%$ ! ,slave ,trade until !n c>ri$  
on op5ly 9 ! /reets (  ,liv]pool &      
,london4  ,b he also firmly e/abli%$ !  
glori\s axiom1  t z soon z any slave    
sets 8 foot on ,engli% gr\nd1 t mom5t he
  becomes free2 & !re c be no d\bt t ?is
 great decision ( ,"l  ,mansfield 0     
ma9ly ow+ to ,mr4 ,%>p's firm1 resolute1
 & intrepid  prosecution ( ! cause f !  

beg9n+ to ! end4    ,x is unnecess>y    
fur!r to foll[ ! c>e] ( ,granville ,%>p4
  ,he  cont9u$ to lab\r indefatigably 9 
all good works4  ,he 0 in/rum5tal  9    
f\nd+ ! colony ( ,si]ra ,leone z an     
asylum = rescu$ negroes4  ,he lab\r$ to 
ameliorate ! condition ( ! native       
,indians 9 !  ,am]ican colonies4  ,he   
agitat$ ! enl>gem5t & ext5sion ( !      
political rights ( ! ,engli% p2 & he    
endeav\r$ to effect !  abolition ( !    
impressm5t ( seam54  ,granville held t !
 ,briti%  seam51 z well z ! ,african    
negro1 0 entitl$ to ! protection (  !   
law2 & t ! fact ( 8 *oos+ a seaf>+ life 
did n 9  any way cancel 8 rights &      
privileges z an ,engli%man--fir/ among/ 
:i* he rank$ p]sonal fre$om4  ,mr4 ,%>p 
also lab\r$1 b  ineffectually1 to re/ore
 amity betwe5 ,engl& & h] colonies 9    
,am]ica2 & :5 ! fratricidal w> ( !      
,am]ican ,revolution 0  ent]$ on1 8 s5se
 ( integrity 0 s scrupul\s t1 resolv+ n 
9 any way to be conc]n$ 9 s unnatural a 
bus9ess1 he resign$ 8  situation at !   

,ordnance ,(fice4    ,to ! la/ he held  
to ! great object ( 8 life--! abolition 
(  slav]y4  ,to c>ry on ?is "w1 &       
organize ! ef=ts ( ! gr[+  fri5ds ( !   
cause1 ! ,society = ! ,abolition (      
,slav]y 0  f\nd$1 & new m51 inspir$ by  
,%>p's example & zeal1 sprang  =w>d to  
help him4  ,8 en]gy became !irs1 & !    
self-sacrific+  zeal 9 :i* he _h s long 
lab\r$ s+le-h&$1 became at l5g?         
transfus$ into ! nation itself4  ,8     
mantle fell ^u ,cl>kson1 ^u  ,wilb]=ce1 
^u ,br\gham1 & ^u ,buxton1 :o lab\r$ z  
he _h done1  ) l en]gy & /$fa/ness (    
purpose1 until at l5g? slav]y 0  aboli%$
 ?r\gh\t ! ,briti% dom9ions4  ,b ?\gh ! 
names la/  m5tion$ may be m frequ5tly   
id5tifi$ ) ! triumph ( ?is  great cause1
 ! *ief m]it unque/ionably belongs to   
,granville ,%>p4  ,he 0 enc\rag$ by none
 ( ! _w's huzzas :5 he ent]$ ^u 8  "w4  
,he /ood alone1 oppos$ to ! op9ion ( !  
able/ lawy]s &  ! mo/ root$ prejudices (
 ! times2 & alone he f\ght out1 by 8    
s+le ex]tions1 & at 8 individual exp5se1

 ! mo/ memorable  battle = ! con/itution
 ( ?is c\ntry & ! lib]ties ( ,briti%    
subjects1 ( :i* mod]n times af=d a      
record4  ,:at foll[$ 0  ma9ly !         
consequ5ce ( 8 indefatigable con/ancy4  
,he light$ !  tor* :i* k9dl$ o!r m9ds1 &
 x 0 h&$ on until !  illum9ation became 
complete4    ,be=e ! dea? ( ,granville  
,%>p1 ,cl>kson _h already turn$ 8       
att5tion to ! "q ( ,negro ,slav]y4  ,he 
_h ev5 select$ x =  ! subject ( a       
college ,essay2 & 8 m9d became s        
possess$ by x  t he c\ld n %ake x (f4   
,! spot is po9t$ out ne> ,wade's  ,mill1
 9 ,h]t=d%ire1 :]e1 alight+ f 8 horse "o
 day1 he sat  d[n disconsolate on ! turf
 by ! road side1 & aft] long ?9k+1      
det]m9$ to devote himself :olly to ! "w4
  ,he translat$ 8 ,essay  f ,lat9 into  
,engli%1 add$ fre% illu/rations1 &      
publi%$ x4  ,!n fell[ lab\r]s ga!r$ r\nd
 him4  ,! ,society = ,aboli%+ !  ,slave 
,trade1 unkn[n to him1 _h already be5   
=m$1 & :5 he he>d  ( x he jo9$ x4  ,he  
sacrific$ all 8 prospects 9 life to     

prosecute  ?is cause4  ,wilb]=ce 0      
select$ to lead 9 p>liam5t2 b ^u        
,cl>kson *iefly devolv$ ! lab\r (       
collect+ & arrang+ !  imm5se mass (     
evid5ce (f]$ 9 support ( ! abolition4   
,a  rem>kable in/ance ( ,cl>kson's      
sleu?-h\nd sort ( p]sev]ance may  be    
m5tion$4  ,! abettors ( slav]y1 9 !     
c\rse ( _! def5ce (  ! sy/em1 ma9ta9$ t 
only su* negroes z 7 captur$ 9 battle  7
 sold z slaves1 & if n s sold1 !n !y 7  
res]v$ = a  /ill m frightful doom 9 _!  
own c\ntry4  ,cl>kson knew ( !          
slave-hunts conduct$ by ! slave-trad]s1 
b _h no witnesses to prove  x4  ,:]e 0  
"o to be f\nd8  ,accid5tally1 a g5tleman
 :om he met on  "o ( 8 j\rneys in=m$ him
 ( a "y sailor1 9 ^: company he  _h be5 
ab\t a ye> be=e1 :o _h be5 actually     
engag$ 9 "o (  su* slave-hunt+          
exp$itions4  ,! g5tleman did n "k 8 "n1 
&  c\ld b indef9itely describe 8 p]son4 
,he did n "k :]e he  01 fur!r ?an t he  
belong$ to a %ip ( w> 9 ord9>y1 b at    
:at port he c\ld n tell4  ,) ?is m]e    

glimm]+ ( in=mation1  ,cl>kson det]m9$  
to produce ?is man z a witness4  ,he    
visit$  p]sonally all ! seaport t[ns :]e
 %ips 9 ord9>y lay2 bo>d$ &  exam9$ e   
%ip )\t success1 until he came to ! v   
la/  port1 & f\nd ! "y man1 8 prize1 9 !
 v la/ %ip t  rema9$ to be visit$4  ,!  
"y man prov$ to be "o ( 8 mo/  valuable 
& effective witnesses4    ,dur+ sev]al  
ye>s ,cl>kson conduct$ a correspond5ce )
 upw>ds (  f\r hundr$ p]sons1 travell+ m
 ?an ?irty-five ?\s& miles  dur+ ! same 
"t 9 se>* ( evid5ce4  ,he 0 at l5g?     
disabl$  & exhau/$ by illness1 br\ght on
 by 8 cont9u\s ex]tions2 b he  0 n borne
 f ! field until 8 zeal _h fully awak5$ 
! public  m9d1 & excit$ ! ard5t         
sympa?ies ( all good m5 on behalf ( !   
slave4    ,aft] ye>s ( protract$        
/ruggle1 ! slave trade 0 aboli%$4  ,b   
/ill ano!r great a*ievem5t rema9$ to be 
accompli%$--! abolition  ( slav]y itself
 ?r\gh\t ! ,briti% dom9ions4  ,& "h aga9
  det]m9$ en]gy won ! day4  ,( ! lead]s 
9 ! cause1 none 0  m di/+ui%$ ?an ,f[ell

 ,buxton1 :o took ! position =m]ly      
occupi$ by ,wilb]=ce 9 ! ,h\se (        
,commons4  ,buxton 0 a dull1  heavy boy1
 di/+ui%$ = 8 /rong self-w1 :i* fir/    
exhibit$  itself 9 viol5t1 dom9e]+1 &   
head/rong ob/9acy4  ,8 fa!r  di$ :5 he 0
 a *ild2 b =tunately he _h a wise "m1 :o
  tra9$ 8 w ) great c>e1 con/ra9+ him to
 obey1 b  enc\rag+ ! habit ( decid+ &   
act+ = himself 9 matt]s :i*  might      
safely be left to him4  ,8 "m believ$ t 
a /rong w1  direct$ ^u wor?y objects1 0 
a valuable manly quality if prop]ly     
guid$1 & %e act$ accord+ly4  ,:5 o!rs   
ab\t h] comm5t$ on  ! boy's self-w1 %e  
w\ld m]ely say1 8,nev] m9d--he is       
self-will$  n[--y w see x w turn out    
well 9 ! end40  ,f[ell le>nt v  little  
at s*ool1 & 0 reg>d$ z a dunce & an     
idl]4  ,he got o!r  boys to d 8 ex]cises
 = him1 :ile he romp$ & scrambl$ ab\t4  
,he return$ home at fifte51 a great1    
gr[+1 awkw>d lad1 fond only (  boat+1   
%oot+1 rid+1 & field sports1--sp5d+ 8 "t
  pr9cipally ) ! gamekeep]1 a man       

possess$ ( a good he>t1--an  intellig5t 
obs]v] ( life & nature1 ?\gh he c\ld    
nei!r read nor  write4  ,buxton _h      
excell5t raw mat]ial 9 him1 b he want$  
culture1  tra9+1 & developm5t4  ,at ?is 
juncture ( 8 life1 :5 8 habits  7 be+   
=m$ = good or evil1 he 0 happily ?r[n   
into !  society ( ! ,gurney family1     
di/+ui%$ = _! f9e social  qualities n   
less ?an = _! intellectual culture &    
public-spirit$ philan?ropy4  ,?is       
int]c\rse ) ! ,gurneys1 he us$  aft]w>ds
 to say1 gave ! col\r+ to 8 life4  ,!y  
enc\rag$ 8  ef=ts at self-culture2 & :5 
he w5t to ! ,univ]sity ( ,dubl9 &  ga9$ 
high hon\rs !re1 ! animat+ passion 9 8  
m9d1 he said1  80 to c>ry back to !m !  
prizes :i* !y prompt$ & enabl$ me  to   
w940  ,he m>ri$ "o ( ! daught]s ( !     
family1 & />t$ 9  life1 comm5c+ z a cl]k
 to 8 uncles ,hanbury1 ! ,london brew]s4
  ,8 p[] ( w1 :i* made him s difficult  
to deal ) z a boy1 n[  =m$ ! backbone ( 
8 "*1 & made him mo/ indefatigable &    
en]getic 9 :atev] he und]took4  ,he ?rew

 8 :ole /r5g? & bulk  "r d[n ^u 8 "w2 & 
! great giant--8,elephant ,buxton0 !y   
call$ him1 = he /ood "s six feet f\r 9  
height--became "o ( !  mo/ vigor\s &    
practical ( m54  8,i c\ld brew10 he     
said1 8"o  h\r1--d ma!matics ! next1--& 
%oot ! next1--& ea* ) my :ole  s\l40    
,!re 0 inv9cible en]gy & det]m9ation 9  
:atev] he did4  ,admitt$ a p>tn]1 he    
became ! active manag] ( ! conc]n2 & !  
va/ bus9ess :i* he conduct$ felt 8      
influ5ce ?r\gh e fibre1  & prosp]$ f>   
beyond its previ\s success4  ,nor did he
 all[ 8 m9d  to lie fall[1 = he gave 8  
ev5+s dilig5tly to self-culture1  /udy+ 
& dige/+ ,black/one1 ,montesquieu1 &    
solid comm5t>ies on  ,engli% law4  ,8   
maxims 9 read+ 71 8nev] to beg9 a book  
)\t  f9i%+ x20 8nev] to consid] a book  
f9i%$ until x is ma/]$20  & 8to /udy    
ev]y?+ ) ! :ole m9d40    ,:5 only       
?irty-two1 ,buxton ent]$ p>liam5t1 & at 
once assum$ t  position ( influ5ce !re1 
( :i* e hone/1 e>ne/1  well-in=m$ man is
 secure1 :o ent]s t assembly ( ! fir/   

g5tlem5 9 ! _w4  ,! pr9cipal "q to :i*  
he devot$  himself 0 ! complete         
emancipation ( ! slaves 9 ! ,briti%     
colonies4  ,he himself us$ to attribute 
! int]e/ :i* he e>ly felt  9 ?is "q to !
 influ5ce ( ,priscilla ,gurney1 "o ( !  
,e>lham  family1--a woman ( a f9e       
intellect & w>m he>t1 ab\nd+ 9          
illu/ri\s virtues4  ,:5 on h] dea?b$1 9 
#ahba1 %e repeat$ly s5t  = ,buxton1 &   
urg$ him 8to make ! cause ( ! slaves !  
great  object ( 8 life40  ,h] la/ act 0 
to attempt to reit]ate ! solemn  *>ge1 &
 %e expir$ 9 ! ineffectual ef=t4        
,buxton nev] =got  h] c\nsel2 he nam$ "o
 ( 8 daught]s aft] h]2 & on ! day on    
:i* %e 0 m>ri$ f 8 h\se1 on ! #a/ (     
,augu/1 #ahcd1--! day  ( ,negro         
emancipation--aft] 8 ,priscilla _h be5  
manumitt$ f h]  filial s]vice1 & left h]
 fa!r's home 9 ! company ( h] husb&1    
,buxton sat d[n & ?us wrote to a fri5d3 
8,! bride is j gone2  ev]y?+ has pass$  
(f to admiration2 & !re is n a slave 9 !
  ,briti% colonies60    ,buxton 0 no    

g5ius--n a great intellectual lead] nor 
discov]]1 b  ma9ly an e>ne/1            
/raight=w>d1 resolute1 en]getic man4    
,inde$1 8  :ole "* is mo/ =cibly        
express$ 9 8 own words1 :i* e  "y man   
might well /amp ^u 8 s\l3 8,! long] ,i  
live10 said he1  8! m ,i am c]ta9 t !   
great diff]5ce betwe5 m51 betwe5 !      
feeble & ! p[]ful1 ! great & !          
insignificant1 is  en]gy--inv9cible     
det]m9ation--a purpose once fix$1 & !n  
dea?  or victory6  ,t quality w d any?+ 
t c be done 9 ?is  _w2 & no tal5ts1 no  
circum/ances1 no opportunities1 w make a
  two-legg$ creature a ,man )\t x40     
,,*apt] ,,ix4  ,,m5 ,,( ,,bus9ess4      
8,see/ ?\ a man dilig5t 9 8 bus9ess8 he 
%all /& be=e      k+s40--,prov]bs (     
,solomon4        8,t man is b ( ! l[] "p
 ( ! _w t is n br\ght      up to bus9ess
 & affairs40--,ow5 ,fel?am4             
,,hazlitt1 9 "o ( 8 clev] essays1       
repres5ts ! man ( bus9ess z a  mean sort
 ( p]son put 9 a g-c>t1 yok$ to a trade 
or pr(ession2  alleg+ t all he has to d 

is1 n to g out ( ! beat5 track1 b  m]ely
 to let 8 affairs take _! own c\rse4    
8,! great requisite10  he says1 8= !    
prosp]\s managem5t ( ord9>y bus9ess is !
 want  ( imag9ation1 or ( any ideas b ^?
 ( cu/om & int]e/ on !  n>r[e/ scale40  
#bfc  ,b no?+ c\ld be m "o-sid$1 & 9    
effect untrue1 ?an su* a def9ition4  ,( 
c\rse1 !re are  n>r[-m9d$ m5 ( bus9ess1 
z !re are n>r[-m9d$ sci5tific m51       
lit]>y m51 & legislators2 b !re are also
 bus9ess m5 ( l>ge  & compreh5sive m9ds1
 capable ( action on ! v l>ge/ scale4   
,z  ,burke said 9 8 spee* on ! ,india   
,bill1 he knew /atesm5 :o 7  p$l]s1 &   
m]*ants :o act$ 9 ! _s ( /atesm54    ,if
 we take into acc\nt ! qualities        
necess>y = ! successful  conduct ( any  
important und]tak+1--t x requires       
special aptitude1  promptitude ( action 
on em]g5cies1 capacity = organiz+ !     
lab\rs  (t5 ( l>ge numb]s ( m51 great   
tact & k ( human nature1  con/ant       
self-culture1 & gr[+ exp]i5ce 9 !       
practical affairs (  life1--x mu/1 we   

?9k1 be obvi\s t ! s*ool ( bus9ess is by
 no  means s n>r[ z "s writ]s w\ld h u  
believe4  ,mr4 ,helps _h  gone mu* ne>] 
! tru? :5 he said t consummate m5 (     
bus9ess  are z r>e almo/ z great        
poets1--r>]1 p]haps1 ?an v]itable sa9ts 
& m>tyrs4  ,inde$1 ( no o!r pursuit c x 
s emphatically be said1  z ( ?is1 t     
8,bus9ess makes m540    ,x has1 h[ev]1  
be5 a fav\rite fallacy ) dunces 9 all   
times1 t  m5 ( g5ius are unfitt$ =      
bus9ess1 z well z t bus9ess  occupations
 unfit m5 = ! pursuits ( g5ius4  ,!     
unhappy y\? :o  committ$ suicide a few  
ye>s s9ce because he _h be5 8born to be 
a man  & condemn$ to be a groc]10 prov$ 
by ! act t 8 s\l 0 n  equal ev5 to !    
dignity ( groc]y4  ,= x is n ! call+ t  
degrades ! man1 b ! man t degrades !    
call+4  ,all "w t  br+s hone/ ga9 is    
hon\rable1 :e!r x be ( h& or m9d4  ,!   
f+]s may be soil$1 yet ! he>t rema9     
pure2 = x is n mat]ial  s mu* z moral   
dirt t defiles--gre$ f> m ?an grime1 &  
vice  ?an v]digris4    ,! greate/ h n   

disda9$ to lab\r hone/ly & usefully = a 
liv+1 ?\gh at ! same "t aim+ aft] high] 
?+s4  ,?ales1 !  fir/ ( ! sev5 sages1   
,solon1 ! second f\nd] ( ,a!ns1 &       
,hyp]ates1 ! ma!matician1 7 all trad]s4 
,plato1 call$ ! ,div9e  by reason ( !   
excell5ce ( 8 wisdom1 defray$ 8 travell+
  exp5ses 9 ,egypt by ! pr(its d]iv$ f !
 oil :i* he sold  dur+ 8 j\rney4        
,sp9oza ma9ta9$ himself by poli%+       
glasses  :ile he pursu$ 8 philosophical 
inve/igations4  ,l9nu1 ! great  botani/1
 prosecut$ 8 /udies :ile hamm]+ lea!r & 
mak+  %oes4  ,%akespe>e 0 a successful  
manag] ( a !atre--p]haps prid+  himself 
m ^u 8 practical qualities 9 t capacity 
?an on 8  writ+ ( plays & poetry4  ,pope
 0 ( op9ion t ,%akespe>e's  pr9cipal    
object 9 cultivat+ lit]ature 0 to secure
 an hone/  indep5d5ce4  ,inde$ he seems 
to h be5 altoge!r indiff]5t to  lit]>y  
reputation4  ,x is n kn[n t he sup]9t5d$
 !  publication ( a s+le play1 or ev5   
sanction$ ! pr9t+ ( "o2 &  ! *ronology (
 8 writ+s is /ill a my/]y4  ,x is c]ta91

  h[ev]1 t he prosp]$ 9 8 bus9ess1 &    
realiz$ suffici5t to  enable him to     
retire ^u a compet5cy to 8 native t[n ( 
,/rat=d-^u-,avon4    ,*auc] 0 9 e>ly    
life a soldi]1 & aft]w>ds an effective  
,commission] ( ,cu/oms1 & ,inspector (  
,woods & ,cr[n ,l&s4  ,sp5c]  0         
,secret>y to ! ,"l ,deputy ( ,irel&1 0  
aft]w>ds ,%]iff (  ,cork1 & is said to h
 be5 %rewd & att5tive 9 matt]s (        
bus9ess4  ,milton1 orig9ally a          
s*oolma/]1 0 elevat$ to ! po/ (         
,secret>y to ! ,c\ncil ( ,/ate dur+ !   
,commonweal?2 & ! extant  ,ord]-book ( !
 ,c\ncil1 z well z _m ( ,milton's lett]s
 :i* are  pres]v$1 give abundant evid5ce
 ( 8 activity & usefulness 9 t  (fice4  
,sir ,isaac ,newton prov$ himself an    
effici5t ,ma/] ( ! ,m9t2  ! new co9age (
 #afid hav+ be5 c>ri$ on "u 8 imm$iate  
p]sonal sup]9t5d5ce4  ,c[p] prid$       
himself ^u 8 bus9ess  punctuality1 ?\gh 
he confess$ t he 8nev] knew a poet1     
except  himself1 :o 0 punctual 9 any?+40
  ,b aga9/ ?is we may set !  lives (    

,wordswor? & ,scott--! =m] a di/ributor 
( /amps1 !  latt] a cl]k to ! ,c\rt (   
,session1--bo? ( :om1 ?\gh great poets1 
7 em95tly punctual & practical m5 (     
bus9ess4  ,david ,ric>do1  amid/ !      
occupations ( 8 daily bus9ess z a       
,london /ock-jobb]1 9  conduct+ :i* he  
acquir$ an ample =tune1 0 able to       
conc5trate  8 m9d ^u 8 fav\rite         
subject--on :i* he 0 enabl$ to ?r[      
great light--! pr9ciples ( political    
economy2 = he unit$ 9 himself  !        
sagaci\s comm]cial man & ! pr(\nd       
philosoph]4  ,baily1 !  em95t a/ronom]1 
0 ano!r /ockbrok]2 & ,all51 ! *emi/1 0  
a silk manufactur]4    ,we h abundant   
illu/rations1 9 our own day1 ( ! fact t 
!  highe/ intellectual p[] is n         
incompatible ) ! active &  effici5t     
p]=mance ( r\t9e duties4  ,grote1 !     
great hi/orian (  ,greece1 0 a ,london  
bank]4  ,& x is n long s9ce ,john ,/u>t 
,mill1  "o ( our greate/ liv+ ?9k]s1    
retir$ f ! ,exam9]'s  dep>tm5t ( ! ,ea/ 
,india ,company1 c>ry+ ) him !          

admiration  & e/eem ( 8 fell[ (fic]s1 n 
on acc\nt ( 8 high views (  philosophy1 
b because ( ! high /&>d ( effici5cy :i* 
he _h  e/abli%$ 9 8 (fice1 & ! ?or\ghly 
satisfactory mann] 9  :i* he _h conduct$
 ! bus9ess ( 8 dep>tm5t4    ,! pa? (    
success 9 bus9ess is usually ! pa? (    
common s5se4  ,pati5t lab\r &           
application are z necess>y "h z 9 !     
acquisition ( k or ! pursuit ( sci5ce4  
,! old ,greeks said1  8to become an able
 man 9 any pr(ession1 ?ree ?+s are      
necess>y--nature1 /udy1 & practice40  ,9
 bus9ess1 practice1 wisely  & dilig5tly 
improv$1 is ! great secret ( success4   
,"s may make  :at are call$ 8lucky      
hits10 b l money e>n$ by gambl+1 su*    
8hits0 may only s]ve to lure "o to ru94 
,bacon 0 accu/om$ to say  t x 0 9       
bus9ess z 9 ways--! ne>e/ way 0 commonly
 !  f\le/1 & t if a man w\ld g ! faire/ 
way he mu/ g some:at  ab\t4  ,! j\rney  
may occupy a long] "t1 b ! pleasure ( ! 
lab\r involv$ by x1 & ! enjoym5t ( !    
results produc$1 w be  m g5u9e &        

unalloy$4  ,to h a daily appo9t$ task ( 
ev5  common drudg]y to d makes ! re/ (  
life feel all ! sweet]4    ,! fable ( ! 
lab\rs ( ,h]cules is ! type ( all human 
do+ &  success4  ,e y\? %\ld be made to 
feel t 8 happ9ess &  well-do+ 9 life mu/
 necess>ily rely ma9ly on himself & !   
ex]cise ( 8 own en]gies1 r ?an ^u ! help
 & patronage (  o!rs4  ,! late ,"l      
,melb\rne embodi$ a piece ( useful      
advice 9 a  lett] :i* he wrote to ,"l   
,john ,russell1 9 reply to an           
application  = a provision = "o ( ,moore
 ! poet's sons3 8,my de> ,john10 he     
said1 8,i return y ,moore's lett]4  ,i  
%all be ready to d :at y l  ab\t x :5 we
 h ! means4  ,i ?9k :atev] is done %\ld 
be done  = ,moore himself4  ,?is is m   
di/9ct1 direct1 & intelligible4  ,mak+ a
 small provision = "y m5 is h>dly       
ju/ifiable2 & x is  ( all ?+s ! mo/     
prejudicial to !mselves4  ,!y ?9k :at !y
  h mu* l>g] ?an x really is2 & !y make 
no ex]tion4  ,! "y  %\ld nev] he> any   
language b ?is3 #8,y h y\r own way to   

make1  & x dep5ds ^u y\r own ex]tions   
:e!r y />ve or n4'  ,believe me1 c41    
,,melb\rne40    ,practical indu/ry1     
wisely & vigor\sly appli$1 always       
produces its  due effects4  ,x c>ries a 
man onw>d1 br+s out 8 individual  "*1 & 
/imulates ! action ( o!rs4  ,all may n  
rise  equally1 yet ea*1 on ! :ole1 v mu*
 accord+ to 8 des]ts4  8,?\gh all _c    
live on ! piazza10 z ! ,tuscan prov]b   
has x1  8e "o may feel ! sun40    ,on ! 
:ole1 x is n good t human nature %\ld h 
! road (  life made too easy4  ,bett] to
 be "u ! necessity ( work+ h>d &  f>+   
meanly1 ?an to h ev]y?+ done ready to   
our h& & a  pill[ ( d[n to repose ^u4   
,inde$1 to />t 9 life )  comp>atively   
small means seems s necess>y z a /imulus
 to "w1 t  x may almo/ be set d[n z "o (
 ! conditions ess5tial to success  9    
life4  ,h5ce1 an em95t judge1 :5 ask$   
:at contribut$ mo/ to  success at ! b>1 
repli$1 8,"s succe$ by great tal5t1 "s  
by high  connexions1 "s by miracle1 b ! 
majority by comm5c+ )\t a  %ill+40      

,we h he>d ( an ar*itect ( consid]able  
accompli%m5ts1--a man :o  _h improv$    
himself by long /udy1 & travel 9 !      
classical l&s (  ! ,ea/1--:o came home  
to comm5ce ! practice ( 8 pr(ession4    
,he  det]m9$ to beg9 any:]e1 provid$ he 
c\ld be employ$2 & he  accord+ly        
und]took a bus9ess connect$ )           
dilapidations1--"o ( !  l[e/ & lea/     
remun]ative dep>tm5ts ( ! ar*itect's    
call+4  ,b he _h ! good s5se n to be    
above 8 trade1 & he _h !  resolution to 
"w 8 way upw>d1 s t he only got a fair  
/>t4  ,"o  hot day 9 ,july a fri5d f\nd 
him sitt+ a/ride ( a h\se ro(  occupi$ )
 8 dilapidation bus9ess4  ,draw+ 8 h&   
across 8  p]spir+ c\nt5ance1 he         
exclaim$1 8,"h's a pretty bus9ess = a   
man  :o has be5 all ov] ,greece60       
,h[ev]1 he did 8 "w1 su* z x 01         
?or\ghly & well2 he p]sev]$ until he    
advanc$ by degrees to m  remun]ative    
bran*es ( employm5t1 & ev5tually he rose
 to !  highe/ walks ( 8 pr(ession4    ,!
 necessity ( lab\r may1 inde$1 be reg>d$

 z ! ma9 root &  spr+ ( all t we call   
progress 9 individuals1 & civilization 9
  nations2 & x is d\btful :e!r any      
heavi] curse c\ld be impos$ on  man ?an 
! complete gratification ( all 8 wi%es  
)\t ef=t on  8 "p1 leav+ no?+ = 8 hopes1
 desires or /ruggles4  ,!  feel+ t life 
is de/itute ( any motive or necessity = 
action1  mu/ be ( all o!rs ! mo/        
di/ress+ & insupportable to a  rational 
be+4  ,! ,m>quis de ,sp9ola ask+ ,sir   
,horace ,v]e :at 8  bro!r di$ (1 ,sir   
,horace repli$1 8,he di$1 ,sir1 ( hav+  
no?+ to  d40  8,alas60 said ,sp9ola1 8t 
is en\gh to kill any g5]al ( u  all40   
,^? :o fail 9 life are h[ev] v apt to   
assume a tone ( injur$  innoc5ce1 &     
conclude too ha/ily t ev]ybody except+  
!mselves  has _h a h& 9 _! p]sonal      
mis=tunes4  ,an em95t writ] lately      
publi%$ a book1 9 :i* he describ$ 8     
num]\s failures 9  bus9ess1 naively     
admitt+1 at ! same "t1 t he 0 ignorant (
  ! multiplication table2 & he came to !
 conclusion t ! real  cause ( 8         

ill-success 9 life 0 ! money-wor%ipp+ _s
 ( !  age4  ,lam>t9e also did n hesitate
 to pr(ess 8 contempt =  ari?metic2 b1  
_h x be5 less1 probably we %\ld n h     
witness$  ! unseemly spectacle ( !      
admir]s ( t di/+ui%$ p]sonage  engag$ 9 
collect+ subscriptions = 8 support 9 8  
old age4    ,aga91 "s consid] !mselves  
born to ill luck1 & make up _! m9ds  t !
 _w inv>iably goes aga9/ !m )\t any     
fault on _!  own "p4  ,we h he>d ( a    
p]son ( ?is sort1 :o w5t s f> z to      
decl>e 8 belief t if he _h be5 a hatt] p
 w\ld h be5  born )\t heads6  ,!re is   
h[ev] a ,russian prov]b :i* says t      
,mis=tune is next door to ,/upidity2 & x
 w (t5 be f\nd t m5  :o are con/antly   
lam5t+ _! luck1 are 9 "s way or o!r     
reap+  ! consequ5ces ( _! own neglect1  
mismanagem5t1 improvid5ce1 or  want (   
application4  ,dr4 ,johnson1 :o came up 
to ,london ) a s+le  gu9ea 9 8 pocket1 &
 :o once accurately describ$ himself 9 8
  signature to a lett] address$ to a    
noble "l1 z ,impransus1 or  ,d9n]less1  

has hone/ly said1 8,all ! compla9ts :i* 
are made ( !  _w are unju/2 ,i nev] knew
 a man ( m]it neglect$2 x 0 g5]ally  by 
8 own fault t he fail$ ( success40      
,wa%+ton ,iry+1 ! ,am]ican au?or1 held l
 views4  8,z = !  talk10 said he1 8ab\t 
mode/ m]it be+ neglect$1 x is too (t5 a 
cant1 by :i* indol5t & irresolute m5    
seek to lay _! want (  success at ! door
 ( ! public4  ,mode/ m]it is1 h[ev]1 too
 apt to  be inactive1 or neglig5t1 or   
un9/ruct$ m]it4  ,well matur$ & well    
discipl9$ tal5t is always sure ( a      
m>ket1 provid$ x ex]ts itself2  b x mu/ 
n c[] at home & expect to be s\ght =4   
,!re is a  good deal ( cant too ab\t !  
success ( =w>d & impud5t m51  :ile m5 ( 
retir+ wor? are pass$ ov] ) neglect4  ,b
 x usually  happ5s t ^? =w>d m5 h t     
valuable quality ( promptness  &        
activity )\t :i* wor? is a m]e          
inop]ative prop]ty4  ,a  b>k+ dog is (t5
 m useful ?an a sleep+ lion40           
,att5tion1 application1 accuracy1 me?od1
 punctuality1 & despat*1 are  ! pr9cipal

 qualities requir$ = ! effici5t conduct 
( bus9ess (  any sort4  ,^!1 at fir/    
sight1 may appe> to be small matt]s2 &  
yet  !y are ( ess5tial importance to    
human happ9ess1 well-be+1 &  usefulness4
  ,!y are little ?+s1 x is true2 b human
 life is made  up ( comp>ative trifles4 
,x is ! repetition ( little acts :i*    
con/itute n only ! sum ( human "*1 b :i*
 det]m9e !  "* ( nations4  ,& :]e m5 or 
nations h brok5 d[n1 x w  almo/         
inv>iably be f\nd t neglect ( little ?+s
 0 ! rock on  :i* !y split4  ,e human   
be+ has duties to be p]=m$1 &1  !re=e1  
has ne$ ( cultivat+ ! capacity = do+ !m2
 :e!r  ! sph]e ( action be ! managem5t (
 a h\sehold1 ! conduct ( a  trade or    
pr(ession1 or ! gov]nm5t ( a nation4    
,! examples we h already giv5 ( great   
work]s 9 v>i\s bran*es  ( indu/ry1 art1 
& sci5ce1 r5d] x unnecess>y fur!r to    
en=ce  ! importance ( p]sev]+           
application 9 any dep>tm5t ( life4  ,x  
is ! result ( e-day exp]i5ce t /eady    
att5tion to matt]s (  detail lies at !  

root ( human progress2 & t dilig5ce1    
above all1  is ! "m ( good luck4        
,accuracy is also ( mu* importance1 & an
  inv>iable m>k ( good tra9+ 9 a man4   
,accuracy 9 obs]vation1  accuracy 9     
spee*1 accuracy 9 ! transaction (       
affairs4  ,:at is done  9 bus9ess mu/ be
 well done2 = x is bett] to accompli%   
p]fectly a  small am\nt ( "w1 ?an to    
half-d t5 times z mu*4  ,a wise man us$ 
to say1 8,/ay a little1 t we may make an
 end ! soon]40    ,too little att5tion1 
h[ev]1 is paid to ?is highly important  
quality  ( accuracy4  ,z a man em95t 9  
practical sci5ce lately obs]v$ to  u1   
8,x is a/oni%+ h[ few p ,i h met ) 9 !  
c\rse ( my  exp]i5ce1 :o c def9e a fact 
accurately40  ,yet 9 bus9ess  affairs1 x
 is ! mann] 9 :i* ev5 small matt]s are  
transact$1  t (t5 decides m5 = or aga9/ 
y4  ,) virtue1 capacity1 &  good conduct
 9 o!r respects1 ! p]son :o is          
habitually inaccurate  _c be tru/$2 8 "w
 has to be gone ov] aga92 & he ?us      
causes  an inf9ity ( annoyance1         

vexation1 & tr\ble4    ,x 0 "o ( !      
*>act]i/ic qualities ( ,*>les ,james    
,fox1 t he  0 ?or\ghly pa9s-tak+ 9 all t
 he did4  ,:5 appo9t$ ,secret>y  (      
,/ate1 be+ piqu$ at "s obs]vation z to 8
 bad writ+1 he  actually took a         
writ+-ma/]1 & wrote copies l a s*oolboy 
until  he _h suffici5tly improv$        
himself4  ,?\gh a corpul5t man1 he 0    
wond]fully active at pick+ up cut t5nis 
balls1 & :5 ask$ h[ he  contriv$ to d s1
 he playfully repli$1 8,because ,i am a 
v  pa9s-tak+ man40  ,! same accuracy 9  
trifl+ matt]s 0 display$  by him 9 ?+s (
 great] importance2 & he acquir$ 8      
reputation1  l ! pa9t]1 by 8neglect+    
no?+40    ,me?od is ess5tial1 & enables 
a l>g] am\nt ( "w to be got  ?r\gh )    
satisfaction4  8,me?od10 said ! ,rev]5d 
,ri*>d ,cecil1  8is l pack+ ?+s 9 a box2
 a good pack] w get 9 half z mu*  aga9 z
 a bad "o40  ,cecil's despat* ( bus9ess 
0 extraord9>y1 8  maxim be+1 8,! %orte/ 
way to d _m ?+s is to d only "o ?+  at  
once20 & he nev] left a ?+ undone ) a   

view ( recurr+ to x  at a p]iod ( m     
leisure4  ,:5 bus9ess press$1 he r *ose 
to  encroa* on 8 h\rs ( meals & re/ ?an 
omit any "p ( 8 "w4  ,de ,witt's maxim 0
 l ,cecil's3 8,"o ?+ at a "t40  8,if10  
said he1  8,i h any necess>y despat*es  
to make1 ,i ?9k ( no?+ else till  !y are
 f9i%$2 if any dome/ic affairs require  
my att5tion1 ,i give  myself :olly up to
 !m till !y are set 9 ord]40    ,a ,fr5*
 m9i/]1 :o 0 alike rem>kable = 8 despat*
 ( bus9ess  & 8 con/ant att5dance at    
places ( amusem5t1 be+ ask$ h[ he       
contriv$ to comb9e bo? objects1 repli$1 
8,simply by nev] po/pon+  till to-morr[ 
:at %\ld be done to-day40  ,"l ,br\gham 
has said t  a c]ta9 ,engli% /atesman    
rev]s$ ! process1 & t 8 maxim 01  nev]  
to transact to-day :at c\ld be po/pon$  
till to-morr[4  ,unhappily1 su* is !    
practice ( _m besides t m9i/]1 already  
almo/ =gott52 ! practice is t ( !       
indol5t & !  unsuccessful4  ,su* m51    
too1 are apt to rely ^u ag5ts1 :o are n 
always to be reli$ ^u4  ,important      

affairs mu/ be att5d$ to 9  p]son4  8,if
 y want y\r bus9ess done10 says !       
prov]b1 8g & d  x2 if y don't want x    
done1 s5d "s "o else40    ,an indol5t   
c\ntry g5tleman _h a freehold e/ate     
produc+ ab\t five  hundr$ a-ye>4        
,becom+ involv$ 9 debt1 he sold half !  
e/ate1 &  let ! rema9d] to an indu/ri\s 
f>m] = tw5ty ye>s4  ,ab\t !  end ( ! t]m
 ! f>m] call$ to pay 8 r5t1 & ask$ !    
own]  :e!r he w\ld sell ! f>m4  8,w y   
buy x80 ask$ ! own]1  surpris$4  8,yes1 
if we c agree ab\t ! price40  8,t is    
exce$+ly  /range10 obs]v$ ! g5tleman2   
8pray1 tell me h[ x happ5s t1  :ile ,i  
c\ld n live ^u twice z mu* l& = :i* ,i  
paid no r5t1  y are regul>ly pay+ me two
 hundr$ a-ye> = y\r f>m1 & are  able1 9 
a few ye>s1 to pur*ase x40  8,! reason  
is pla910 0 !  reply2 8y sat /ill & said
 ,g1 ,i got up & said ,come2 y laid  9  
b$ & enjoy$ y\r e/ate1 ,i rose 9 ! morn+
 & m9d$ my  bus9ess40    ,sir ,walt]    
,scott1 writ+ to a y\? :o _h obta9$ a   
situation &  ask$ = 8 advice1 gave him 9

 reply ?is s\nd c\nsel3 8,bew>e (       
/umbl+ ov] a prop5sity :i* easily besets
 y f n hav+ y\r  "t fully employ$--,i   
mean :at ! wom5 call dawdl+4  ,y\r motto
  mu/ be1 ,hoc age4  ,d in/antly :atev] 
is to be done1 & take !  h\rs (         
recreation aft] bus9ess1 nev] be=e x4   
,:5 a regim5t is  "u m>*1 ! re> is (t5  
?r[n into confusion because ! front d  n
 move /eadily & )\t int]ruption4  ,x is 
! same )  bus9ess4  ,if t :i* is fir/ 9 
h& is n in/antly1 /eadily1 &  regul>ly  
despat*$1 o!r ?+s accumulate beh9d1 till
 affairs beg9  to press all at once1 &  
no human bra9 c /& ! confusion40        
,promptitude 9 action may be /imulat$ by
 a due consid]ation ( !  value ( "t4    
,an ,italian philosoph] 0 accu/om$ to   
call "t 8  e/ate3 an e/ate :i* produces 
no?+ ( value )\t cultivation1  b1 duly  
improv$1 nev] fails to recomp5se !      
lab\rs ( ! dilig5t  work]4  ,all[$ to   
lie wa/e1 ! product w be only noxi\s    
we$s &  vici\s gr[?s ( all k9ds4  ,"o ( 
! m9or uses ( /eady employm5t  is1 t x  

keeps "o out ( mis*ief1 = truly an idle 
bra9 is !  devil's work%op1 & a lazy man
 ! devil's bol/]4  ,to be occupi$ is  to
 be possess$ z by a t5ant1 :]eas to be  
idle is to be empty2 &  :5 ! doors ( !  
imag9ation are op5$1 temptation f9ds a  
ready  access1 & evil ?\ghts come troop+
 94  ,x is obs]v$ at sea1 t  m5 are nev]
 s mu* dispos$ to grumble & mut9y z :5  
lea/  employ$4  ,h5ce an old capta91 :5 
!re 0 no?+ else to d1 w\ld  issue ! ord]
 to 8sc\r ! an*or60    ,m5 ( bus9ess are
 accu/om$ to quote ! maxim t ,"t is     
money2 b  x is m2 ! prop] improvem5t ( x
 is self-culture1  self-improvem5t1 &   
gr[? ( "*4  ,an h\r wa/$ daily on       
trifles or 9 indol5ce1 w\ld1 if devot$  
to self-improvem5t1 make an  ignorant   
man wise 9 a few ye>s1 & employ$ 9 good 
works1 w\ld make  8 life fruitful1 &    
dea? a h>ve/ ( wor?y de$s4  ,fifte5     
m9utes  a day devot$ to self-improvem5t1
 w be felt at ! end ( ! ye>4  ,good     
?\ghts & c>efully ga!r$ exp]i5ce take up
 no room1 & may  be c>ri$ ab\t z our    

companions ev]y:]e1 )\t co/ or          
incumbrance4  ,an economical use ( "t is
 ! true mode ( secur+  leisure3 x       
enables u to get ?r\gh bus9ess & c>ry x 
=w>d1  in/ead ( be+ driv5 by x4  ,on !  
o!r h&1 ! miscalculation (  "t involves 
u 9 p]petual hurry1 confusion1 &        
difficulties2 &  life becomes a m]e     
%uffle ( exp$i5ts1 usually foll[$ by    
disa/]4  ,nelson once said1 8,i owe all 
my success 9 life to hav+ be5 always a  
qu>t] ( an h\r be=e my "t40    ,"s take 
no ?\ght ( ! value ( money until !y h   
come to an end  ( x1 & _m d ! same ) _! 
"t4  ,! h\rs are all[$ to  fl[ by       
unemploy$1 & !n1 :5 life is fa/ wan+1 !y
 be?9k  !mselves ( ! duty ( mak+ a wis] 
use ( x4  ,b ! habit (  li/lessness &   
idl5ess may already h become confirm$1 &
 !y are  unable to break ! bonds ) :i*  
!y h p]mitt$ !mselves to  become b\nd4  
,lo/ weal? may be replac$ by indu/ry1   
lo/ k by  /udy1 lo/ heal? by temp]ance  
or m$ic9e1 b lo/ "t is gone =  ev]4     
,a prop] consid]ation ( ! value ( "t1 w 

also inspire habits (  punctuality4     
8,punctuality10 said ,l\is ,,xiv41 8is !
 polit5ess (  k+s40  ,x is also ! duty (
 g5tlem51 & ! necessity ( m5 (  bus9ess4
  ,no?+ begets confid5ce 9 a man soon]  
?an ! practice (  ?is virtue1 & no?+    
%akes confid5ce soon] ?an ! want ( x4   
,he :o holds to 8 appo9tm5t & does n    
keep y wait+ = him1  %[s t he has reg>d 
= y\r "t z well z = 8 own4  ,?us        
punctuality is "o ( ! modes by :i* we   
te/ify our p]sonal respect  = ^? :om we 
are call$ ^u to meet 9 ! bus9ess ( life4
  ,x is  also consci5ti\sness 9 a       
measure2 = an appo9tm5t is a contract1  
express or impli$1 & he :o does n keep x
 breaks fai?1 z well z  di%one/ly uses  
o!r p's "t1 & ?us inevitably loses  "*4 
,we naturally come to ! conclusion t !  
p]son :o is  c>eless ab\t "t w be       
c>eless ab\t bus9ess1 & t he is n  ! "o 
to be tru/$ ) ! transaction ( matt]s (  
importance4  ,:5 ,wa%+ton's secret>y    
excus$ himself = ! lat5ess ( 8          
att5dance & laid ! blame ^u 8 wat*1 8   

ma/] quietly said1  8,!n y mu/ get ano!r
 wat*1 or ,i ano!r secret>y40    ,!     
p]son :o is neglig5t ( "t & its         
employm5t is usually f\nd  to be a g5]al
 di/urb] ( o!rs' peace & s]5ity4  ,x 0  
wittily  said by ,"l ,*e/]field ( ! old 
,duke ( ,newca/le--8,8 ,grace loses  an 
h\r 9 ! morn+1 & is look+ = x all ! re/ 
( ! day40  ,ev]ybody ) :om ! unpunctual 
man has to d is ?r[n f "t to  "t into a 
/ate ( fev]3 he is sy/ematically late2  
regul> only 9  8 irregul>ity4  ,he      
conducts 8 dawdl+ z if ^u sy/em2 arrives
 at  8 appo9tm5t aft] "t2 gets to !     
railway /ation aft] ! tra9  has />t$2   
po/s 8 lett] :5 ! box has clos$4  ,?us  
bus9ess is  ?r[n into confusion1 &      
ev]ybody conc]n$ is put out ( temp]4  ,x
  w g5]ally be f\nd t ! m5 :o are ?us   
habitually beh9d "t  are z habitually   
beh9d success2 & ! _w g5]ally ca/s !m   
aside to swell ! ranks ( ! grumbl]s & ! 
rail]s aga9/  =tune4    ,9 addition to !
 ord9>y work+ qualities ! bus9ess man ( 
!  highe/ class requires quick p]ception

 & firmness 9 ! execution (  8 plans4   
,tact is also important2 & ?\gh ?is is  
p>tly ! gift (  nature1 x is yet capable
 ( be+ cultivat$ & develop$ by          
obs]vation & exp]i5ce4  ,m5 ( ?is       
quality are quick to see !  "r mode (   
action1 & if !y h decision ( purpose1   
are prompt to  c>ry out _! und]tak+s to 
a successful issue4  ,^! qualities are  
especially valuable1 & inde$            
indisp5sable1 9 ^? :o direct !  action (
 o!r m5 on a l>ge scale1 z = in/ance1 9 
! case ( !  comm&] ( an army 9 ! field4 
,x is n m]ely necess>y t !  g5]al %\ld  
be great z a w>rior b also z a man (    
bus9ess4  ,he  mu/ possess great tact1  
mu* k ( "*1 & ability to  organize !    
movem5ts ( a l>ge mass ( m51 :om he has 
to fe$1  clo!1 & furni% ) :atev] may be 
necess>y 9 ord] t !y may  keep ! field &
 w9 battles4  ,9 ^! respects ,napoleon &
  ,well+ton 7 bo? fir/-rate m5 (        
bus9ess4    ,?\gh ,napoleon _h an imm5se
 love = details1 he _h also a vivid  p[]
 ( imag9ation1 :i* enabl$ him to look   

along ext5d$ l9es (  action1 & deal ) ^?
 details on a l>ge scale1 ) judgm5t &   
rapidity4  ,he possess$ su* k ( "* z    
enabl$ him to  select1 almo/ un]r+ly1 ! 
be/ ag5ts = ! execution ( 8  designs4   
,b he tru/$ z little z possible to ag5ts
 9 matt]s (  great mom5t1 on :i*        
important results dep5d$4  ,?is feature 
9 8  "* is illu/rat$ 9 a rem>kable      
degree by ! #8,napoleon                 
,correspond5ce1' n[ 9 c\rse (           
publication1 & p>ticul>ly by !  cont5ts 
( ! #ae? volume1 #bgg :i* include !     
lett]s1 ord]s1 &  despat*es1 writt5 by !
 ,emp]or at ,f9k5/e91 a little *ateau on
  ! fronti] ( ,pol& 9 ! ye> #ahjg1      
%ortly aft] ! victory (  ,eylau4    ,!  
,fr5* army 0 !n ly+ encamp$ along ! riv]
 ,pass>ge ) !  ,russians be=e !m1 !     
,au/rians on _! "r flank1 & !  conqu]$  
,prussians 9 _! re>4  ,a long l9e (     
communications _h to  be ma9ta9$ )      
,france1 ?r\gh a ho/ile c\ntry2 b s     
c>efully1  & ) su* =esight 0 ?is provid$
 =1 t x is said ,napoleon  nev] miss$ a 

po/4  ,! movem5ts ( armies1 ! br++ up ( 
re9=cem5ts f remote po9ts 9 ,france1    
,spa91 ,italy1 & ,g]many1  ! op5+ (     
canals & ! levell+ ( roads to enable !  
produce (  ,pol& & ,prussia to be       
readily transport$ to 8 encampm5ts1 _h 8
  unceas+ att5tion1 d[n to ! m9ute/     
details4  ,we f9d him direct+  :]e      
horses 7 to be obta9$1 mak+ arrangem5ts 
= an adequate  supply ( saddles1 ord]+  
%oes = ! soldi]s1 & specify+ !  numb] ( 
rations ( bread1 biscuit1 & spirits1 t 7
 to be br\ght  to camp1 or /or$ 9       
magaz9es = ! use ( ! troops4  ,at ! same
  "t we f9d him writ+ to ,p>is giv+     
directions = !  reorganization ( ! ,fr5*
 ,college1 devis+ a s*eme ( public      
education1 dictat+ bullet9s & articles =
 ! #8,moniteur1' revis+  ! details ( !  
budgets1 giv+ in/ructions to ar*itects z
 to  alt]ations to be made at !         
,tuil]ies & ! ,*ur* ( ! ,madela9e1  ?r[+
 an occasional s>casm at ,madame de     
,/ael & ! ,p>isian  j\rnals1 int]f]+ to 
put d[n a squabble at ! ,gr& ,op]a1     

c>ry+  on a correspond5ce ) ! ,sultan ( 
,turkey & ! ,s*ah ( ,p]sia1 s  t :ile 8 
body 0 at ,f9k5/e91 8 m9d seem$ to be   
work+ at  a hundr$ diff]5t places 9     
,p>is1 9 ,europe1 & ?r\gh\t ! _w4    ,we
 f9d him 9 "o lett] ask+ ,ney if he has 
duly receiv$ ! muskets  :i* h be5 s5t   
him2 9 ano!r he gives directions to     
,pr9ce ,j]ome  z to ! %irts1 greatcoats1
 clo!s1 %oes1 %akos1 & arms1 to be  s]v$
 out to ! ,wurtemburg regim5ts2 aga9 he 
presses ,cambacrs to  =w>d to ! army a  
d\ble /ock ( corn--8,! ifs & ! buts10   
said he1 8are at pres5t out ( season1 & 
above all x mu/ be done  ) spe$40  ,!n  
he in=ms ,d>u t ! army want %irts1 & t  
!y don't come to h&4  ,to ,mass5a he    
writes1 8,let me "k if y\r  biscuit &   
bread arrangem5ts are yet complet$40    
,to ! ,gr& due de  ,b]g1 he gives       
directions z to ! acc\trem5ts ( !       
cuirassi]s--8,!y compla9 t ! m5 want    
sabres2 s5d an (fic] to  obta9 !m at    
,pos54  ,x is also said !y want helmets2
 ord] t !y  be made at ,ebl+4 4 4 4 ,x  

is n by sleep+ t "o c accompli%  any?+40
  ,?us no po9t ( detail 0 neglect$1 & ! 
en]gies (  all 7 /imulat$ into action ) 
extraord9>y p[]4  ,?\gh _m (  !         
,emp]or's days 7 occupi$ by inspections 
( 8 troops1--9 !  c\rse ( :i* he        
sometimes rode f ?irty to =ty leagues a 
day1--&  by reviews1 receptions1 &      
affairs ( /ate1 leav+ b little "t =     
bus9ess matt]s1 he neglect$ no?+ on t   
acc\nt2 b devot$ !  great] "p ( 8       
nights1 :5 necess>y1 to exam9+ budgets1 
dictat+ dispat*es1 & att5d+ to ! ?\s&   
matt]s ( detail 9  ! organization &     
work+ ( ! ,imp]ial ,gov]nm5t2 ! ma*9]y (
  :i* 0 = ! mo/ "p conc5trat$ 9 8 own   
head4    ,l ,napoleon1 ! ,duke (        
,well+ton 0 a fir/-rate man ( bus9ess2  
& x is n p]haps say+ too mu* to av] t x 
0 9 no small  degree because ( 8        
possession ( a bus9ess faculty am\nt+ to
  g5ius1 t ! ,duke nev] lo/ a battle4   
,:ile a subalt]n1 he became dissatisfi$ 
) ! sl[ness ( 8  promotion1 & hav+ pass$
 f ! infantry to ! cavalry twice1 &     

back aga91 )\t advancem5t1 he appli$ to 
,"l ,camd51 !n ,vic]oy  ( ,irel&1 =     
employm5t 9 ! ,rev5ue or ,treasury      
,bo>d4  ,_h he  succe$$1 no d\bt he w\ld
 h made a fir/-rate head ( a dep>tm5t1  
z he w\ld h made a fir/-rate m]*ant or  
manufactur]4  ,b 8  application fail$1 &
 he rema9$ ) ! army to become ! greate/ 
( ,briti% g5]als4    ,! ,duke began 8   
active milit>y c>e] "u ! ,duke ( ,york &
  ,g5]al ,walmod51 9 ,fl&]s & ,holl&1   
:]e he le>nt1 amid/  mis=tunes &        
defeats1 h[ bad bus9ess arrangem5ts &   
bad  g5]al%ip s]ve to ru9 ! morale ( an 
army4  ,t5 ye>s aft]  ent]+ ! army we   
f9d him a colonel 9 ,india1 report$ by 8
  sup]iors z an (fic] ( indefatigable   
en]gy & application4  ,he  ent]$ into ! 
m9ute/ details ( ! s]vice1 & s\ght to   
raise !  discipl9e ( 8 m5 to ! highe/   
/&>d4  8,! regim5t ( ,colonel           
,wellesley10 wrote ,g5]al ,h>ris 9      
#agii1 8is a model regim5t2 on !  score 
( soldi]ly be>+1 discipl9e1 in/ruction1 
& ord]ly  behavi\r x is above all       

praise40  ,?us qualify+ himself = po/s (
  great] confid5ce1 he 0 %ortly aft]    
nom9at$ gov]nor ( !  capital ( ,mysore4 
,9 ! w> ) ! ,mahrattas he 0 fir/ call$  
^u to try 8 h& at g5]al%ip2 & at        
?irty-f\r he won !  memorable battle (  
,assaye1 ) an army compos$ ( #aejj      
,briti% &  #ejjj sepoys1 ov] #bj1jjj    
,mahratta infantry & #cj1jjj cavalry4   
,b s  brilliant a victory did n 9 ! lea/
 di/urb 8 equanimity1 or  affect !      
p]fect hone/y ( 8 "*4    ,%ortly aft]   
?is ev5t ! opportunity occurr$ =        
exhibit+ 8  admirable practical         
qualities z an adm9i/rator4  ,plac$ 9   
comm& (  an important di/rict imm$iately
 aft] ! capture ( ,s]+apatam1 8  fir/   
object 0 to e/abli% rigid ord] &        
discipl9e among 8 own  m54  ,flu%$ )    
victory1 ! troops 7 f\nd riot\s &       
disord]ly4  8,s5d me ! provo/ m>%al10   
said he1 8& put him "u my ord]s3  till  
"s ( ! m>aud]s are hung1 x is impossible
 to expect ord] or  safety40  ,?is rigid
 sev]ity ( ,well+ton 9 ! field1 ?\gh x 0

  ! dread1 prov$ ! salvation ( 8 troops 
9 _m campaigns4  ,8  next /ep 0 to      
re-e/abli% ! m>kets & re-op5 ! s\rces ( 
supply4  ,g5]al ,h>ris wrote to !       
,gov]nor-g5]al1 /rongly  comm5d+        
,colonel ,wellesley = ! p]fect discipl9e
 he _h  e/abli%$1 & = 8 8judici\s &     
ma/]ly arrangem5ts 9 respect  to        
supplies1 :i* op5$ an abundant free     
m>ket1 & inspir$  confid5ce into deal]s 
( e description40  ,! same close        
att5tion  to1 & ma/]y ( details1        
*>act]iz$ him ?r\gh\t 8 ,indian  c>e]2 &
 x is rem>kable t "o ( 8 able/ despat*es
 to ,"l  ,clive1 full ( practical       
in=mation z to ! conduct ( ! campaign1  
0 writt5 :il/ ! column he comm&$ 0      
cross+ ! ,toombuddra1  9 ! face ( !     
va/ly sup]ior army ( ,dhoondiah1 po/$ on
 !  opposite bank1 & :ile a ?\s& matt]s 
( ! deepe/ int]e/ 7  press+ ^u !        
comm&]'s m9d4  ,b x 0 "o ( 8 mo/        
rem>kable *>act]i/ics1 ?us to be able to
 )draw himself  tempor>ily f ! bus9ess  
imm$iately 9 h&1 & to b5d 8 full  p[]s  

^u ! consid]ation ( matt]s totally      
di/9ct2 ev5 ! mo/  difficult            
circum/ances on su* occasions fail+ to  
emb>rass or  intimidate him4    ,return$
 to ,engl& ) a reputation = g5]al%ip1   
,sir ,ar?ur  ,wellesley met ) imm$iate  
employm5t4  ,9 #ahjh a corps ( #aj1jjj  
m5  de/9$ to lib]ate ,portugal 0 plac$  
"u 8 *>ge4  ,he l&$1  f\ght1 & won two  
battles1 & sign$ ! ,conv5tion ( ,c9tra4 
,aft]  ! dea? ( ,sir ,john ,moore he 0  
entru/$ ) ! comm& ( a new  exp$ition to 
,portugal4  ,b ,well+ton 0 fe>fully     
ov]mat*$  ?r\gh\t 8 ,p59sul> campaigns4 
,f #ahji to #ahac he nev] _h m  ?an     
#cj1jjj ,briti% troops "u 8 comm&1 at a 
"t :5 !re /ood  oppos$ to him 9 !       
,p59sula "s #cej1jjj ,fr5*1 mo/ly       
vet]ans1 l$  by "s ( ,napoleon's able/  
g5]als4  ,h[ 0 he to cont5d aga9/  su*  
imm5se =ces ) any fair prospect (       
success8  ,8 cle>  disc]nm5t & /rong    
common s5se soon taught him t he mu/    
adopt a  diff]5t policy f t ( ! ,spani% 
g5]als1 :o 7 inv>iably  beat5 & disp]s$ 

:5ev] !y v5tur$ to (f] battle 9 ! op5   
pla9s4  ,he p]ceiv$ he _h yet to create 
! army t 0 to cont5d  aga9/ ! ,fr5* )   
any reasonable *ance ( success4         
,accord+ly1  aft] ! battle ( ,talav]a 9 
#ahji1 :5 he f\nd himself encompass$  on
 all sides by sup]ior =ces ( ,fr5*1 he  
retir$ into ,portugal1  !re to c>ry out 
! settl$ policy on :i* he _h by ?is "t  
det]m9$4  ,x 01 to organise a           
,portuguese army "u ,briti%  (fic]s1 &  
tea* !m to act 9 comb9ation ) 8 own     
troops1 9  ! mean "t avoid+ ! p]il ( a  
defeat by decl9+ all  engagem5ts4  ,he  
w\ld ?us1 he conceiv$1 de/roy ! morale (
 !  ,fr5*1 :o c\ld n exi/ )\t victories2
 & :5 8 army 0 ripe  = action1 & ! enemy
 demoraliz$1 he w\ld !n fall ^u !m )    
all 8 might4    ,! extraord9>y qualities
 display$ by ,"l ,well+ton ?r\gh\t ^!   
immortal campaigns1 c only be appreciat$
 aft] a p]usal ( 8  despat*es1 :i*      
conta9 ! unv>ni%$ tale ( ! manifold ways
 &  means by :i* he laid ! f\ndations ( 
8 success4  ,nev] 0 man  m tri$ by      

difficulty & opposition1 aris+ n less f 
!  imbecility1 falsehoods & intrigues ( 
! ,briti% ,gov]nm5t ( !  day1 ?an f !   
selfi%ness1 c[>dice1 & vanity ( ! p he  
w5t to save4  ,x may1 inde$1 be said (  
him1 t he su/a9$ ! w>  9 ,spa9 by 8     
individual firmness & self-reliance1 :i*
 nev] fail$  him ev5 9 ! mid/ ( 8 great 
disc\ragem5ts4  ,he _h n only to  fight 
,napoleon's vet]ans1 b also to hold 9   
*eck ! ,spani% juntas  & ! ,portuguese  
reg5cy4  ,he _h ! utmo/ difficulty 9    
obta9+  provisions & clo?+ = 8 troops2 &
 x w sc>cely be cr$it$  t1 :ile engag$ )
 ! enemy 9 ! battle ( ,talav]a1 !       
,spani>ds1 :o ran away1 fell ^u !       
baggage ( ! ,briti% army1 &  ! ruffians 
actually plund]$ x6  ,^! & o!r vexations
 ! ,duke  bore ) a sublime pati5ce &    
self-control1 & held on 8 c\rse1 9  !   
face ( +ratitude1 trea*]y1 & opposition1
 ) indomitable  firmness4  ,he neglect$ 
no?+1 & att5d$ to e important detail  ( 
bus9ess himself4  ,:5 he f\nd t food = 8
 troops 0 n to  be obta9$ f ,engl&1 & t 

he mu/ rely ^u 8 own res\rces  = fe$+   
!m1 he =?) comm5c$ bus9ess z a corn     
m]*ant on a  l>ge scale1 9 cop>tn]y ) ! 
,briti% ,m9i/] at ,lisbon4  ,commiss>iat
 bills 7 creat$1 ) :i* gra9 0 b\ght 9 ! 
ports  ( ! ,m$it]ranean & 9 ,s\?        
,am]ica4  ,:5 he _h ?us fill$ 8         
magaz9es1 ! ov]plus 0 sold to !         
,portuguese1 :o 7 greatly 9  want (     
provisions4  ,he left no?+ :atev] to    
*ance1 b provid$ =  e cont+5cy4  ,he    
gave 8 att5tion to ! m9ute/ details ( ! 
s]vice2 & 0 accu/om$ to conc5trate 8    
:ole en]gies1 f "t  to "t1 on su*       
app>5tly ignom9i\s matt]s z soldi]s'    
%oes1  camp-kettles1 biscuits & horse   
fodd]4  ,8 magnific5t bus9ess  qualities
 7 ev]y:]e felt1 & !re c be no d\bt t1  
by !  c>e ) :i* he provid$ = e cont+5cy1
 & ! p]sonal  att5tion :i* he gave to e 
detail1 he laid ! f\ndations ( 8  great 
success4 #bhc  ,by su* means he trans=m$
 an army ( raw levies  into ! be/       
soldi]s 9 ,europe1 ) :om he decl>$ x to 
be possible  to g any:]e & d any?+4     

,we h already ref]r$ to 8 rem>kable p[] 
( ab/ract+ himself  f ! "w1 no matt] h[ 
engross+1 imm$iately 9 h&1 &  conc5trat+
 8 en]gies ^u ! details ( "s entirely   
diff]5t  bus9ess4  ,?us ,napi] relates t
 x 0 :ile he 0 prep>+ to  fight ! battle
 ( ,salamanca t he _h to expose to !    
,m9i/]s at  home ! futility ( rely+ ^u a
 loan2 x 0 on ! heights ( ,san          
,*ri/oval1 on ! field ( battle itself1 t
 he demon/rat$ !  absurdity ( attempt+  
to e/abli% a ,portuguese bank2 x 0 9 !  
tr5*es ( ,burgos t he dissect$ ,fun*al's
 s*eme ( f9ance1 &  expos$ ! folly (    
attempt+ ! sale ( *ur* prop]ty2 & on ea*
  occasion1 he %[$ himself z well       
acqua9t$ ) ^! subjects z  ) ! m9ute/    
detail 9 ! me*anism ( armies4    ,ano!r 
feature 9 8 "*1 %[+ ! upright man (     
bus9ess1  0 8 ?or\gh hone/y4  ,:il/     
,s\lt ransack$ & c>ri$ away )  him f    
,spa9 num]\s pictures ( great value1    
,well+ton did n  appropriate to himself 
a s+le f>?+'s wor? ( prop]ty4  ,ev]y:]e 
he paid 8 way1 ev5 :5 9 ! enemy's       

c\ntry4  ,:5 he _h cross$  ! ,fr5*      
fronti]1 foll[$ by #dj1jjj ,spani>ds1 :o
 s\ght to 8make  =tunes0 by pillage &   
plund]1 he fir/ rebuk$ _! (fic]s1 &  !n1
 f9d+ 8 ef=ts to re/ra9 !m unavail+1 he 
s5t !m back  into _! own c\ntry4  ,x is 
a rem>kable fact1 t1 ev5 9 ,france  !   
peasantry fl$ f _! own c\ntrym51 & c>ri$
 _! valuables  )9 ! protection ( !      
,briti% l9es6  ,at ! v same "t1         
,well+ton 0 writ+ home to ! ,briti%     
,m9i/ry1 8,we are ov]:elm$  ) debts1 &  
,i c sc>cely /ir out ( my h\se on acc\nt
 ( public  cr$itors wait+ to dem& paym5t
 ( :at is due to !m40  ,jules  ,maurel1 
9 8 e/imate ( ! ,duke's "*1 says1 8,no?+
 c be  gr&] or m nobly orig9al ?an ?is  
admission4  ,?is old soldi]1  aft] ?irty
 ye>s' s]vice1 ?is iron man & victori\s 
g5]al1  e/abli%$ 9 an enemy's c\ntry at 
! head ( an imm5se army1 is  afraid ( 8 
cr$itors6  ,?is is a k9d ( fe> t has    
seldom tr\bl$  ! m9d ( conqu]ors &      
invad]s2 & ,i d\bt if ! annals ( w>     
c\ld pres5t any?+ comp>able to ?is      

sublime simplicity40  ,b !  ,duke       
himself1 _h ! matt] be5 put to him1 w\ld
 mo/ probably h  disclaim$ any int5tion 
( act+ ev5 gr&ly or nobly 9 ! matt]2    
m]ely reg>d+ ! punctual paym5t ( 8 debts
 z ! be/ & mo/  hon\rable mode (        
conduct+ 8 bus9ess4    ,! tru? ( ! good 
old maxim1 t 8,hone/y is ! be/ policy10 
is  upheld by ! daily exp]i5ce ( life2  
uprightness & integrity be+  f\nd z     
successful 9 bus9ess z 9 ev]y?+ else4   
,z ,hugh ,mill]'s  wor?y uncle us$ to   
advise him1 8,9 all y\r deal+s give y\r 
neighb\r ! ca/ ( ! bank--#8good measure1
 heap$ up1 & runn+  ov]1'--& y w n lose 
by x 9 ! end40  ,a well-kn[n brew] (    
be] attribut$ 8 success to ! lib]ality )
 :i* he us$ 8  malt4  ,go+ up to ! vat &
 ta/+ x1 he w\ld say1 8,/ill r  poor1 my
 lads2 give x ano!r ca/ ( ! malt40  ,!  
brew] put 8  "* into 8 be]1 & x prov$   
g5]\s accord+ly1 obta9+ a  reputation 9 
,engl&1 ,india1 & ! colonies1 :i* laid !
 f\ndation  ( a l>ge =tune4  ,integrity 
( ^w & de$ ought to be ! v  corn]/one ( 

all bus9ess transactions4  ,to !        
tradesman1 !  m]*ant1 & manufactur]1 x  
%\ld be :at hon\r is to ! soldi]1  &    
*>ity to ! ,*ri/ian4  ,9 ! humble/ call+
 !re w always  be f\nd scope = ! ex]cise
 ( ?is uprightness ( "*4  ,hugh  ,mill] 
speaks ( ! mason ) :om he s]v$ 8        
appr5tice%ip1 z "o  :o 8put 8 consci5ce 
into e /one t he laid40  ,s ! true      
me*anic w pride himself ^u ! ?or\ghness 
& solidity ( 8  "w1 & ! high-m9d$       
contractor ^u ! hone/y ( p]=mance (  8  
contract 9 e p>ticul>4  ,! upright      
manufactur] w f9d n  only hon\r &       
reputation1 b sub/antial success1 9 !   
g5u95ess  ( ! article :i* he produces1 &
 ! m]*ant 9 ! hone/y ( :at  he sells1 & 
t x really is :at x seems to be4  ,b>on 
,dup91  speak+ ( ! g5]al probity (      
,engli%m51 :i* he held to be a  pr9cipal
 cause ( _! success1 obs]v$1 8,we may   
succe$ = a "t by  fraud1 by surprise1 by
 viol5ce2 b we c succe$ p]man5tly only  
by  means directly opposite4  ,x is n   
alone ! c\rage1 ! intellig5ce1  !       

activity1 ( ! m]*ant & manufactur] :i*  
ma9ta9 !  sup]iority ( _! productions & 
! "* ( _! c\ntry2 x  is f> m _! wisdom1 
_! economy1 &1 above all1 _! probity4   
,if ev] 9 ! ,briti% ,isl&s ! useful     
citiz5 %\ld lose ^!  virtues1 we may be 
sure t1 = ,engl&1 z = e o!r c\ntry1  !  
vessels ( a deg5]ate comm]ce1 repuls$ f 
e %ore1 w\ld  spe$ily disappe> f ^? seas
 ^: surface !y n[ cov] ) !  treasures ( 
! univ]se1 b>t]$ = ! treasures ( !      
indu/ry (  ! ?ree k+doms40    ,x mu/ be 
admitt$1 t ,trade tries "* p]haps m     
sev]ely  ?an any o!r pursuit 9 life4  ,x
 puts to ! sev]e/ te/s hone/y1          
self-d5ial1 ju/ice1 & tru?fulness2 & m5 
( bus9ess :o pass  ?r\gh su* trials     
un/a9$ are p]haps wor?y ( z great hon\r 
z  soldi]s :o prove _! c\rage amid/ !   
fire & p]ils ( battle4  ,&1 to ! cr$it (
 ! multitudes ( m5 engag$ 9 ! v>i\s     
dep>tm5ts ( trade1 we ?9k x mu/ be      
admitt$ t on ! :ole !y  pass ?r\gh _!   
trials nobly4  ,if we reflect b = a     
mom5t on !  va/ am\nt ( weal? daily     

entru/$ ev5 to subord9ate p]sons1 :o    
!mselves probably e>n b a b>e           
compet5cy--! loose ca% :i* is  con/antly
 pass+ ?r\gh ! h&s ( %opm51 ag5ts1      
brok]s1 &  cl]ks 9 bank+ h\ses1--& note 
h[ comp>atively few are ! brea*es  (    
tru/ :i* occur amid/ all ?is temptation1
 x w probably be  admitt$ t ?is /eady   
daily hone/y ( conduct is mo/ hon\rable 
to  human nature1 if x d n ev5 tempt u  
to be pr\d ( x4  ,! same  tru/ &        
confid5ce repos$ by m5 ( bus9ess 9 ea*  
o!r1 z impli$  by ! sy/em ( ,cr$it1 :i* 
is ma9ly bas$ ^u ! pr9ciple (  hon\r1   
w\ld be surpris+ if x 7 n s mu* a matt] 
( ord9>y  practice 9 bus9ess            
transactions4  ,dr4 ,*alm]s has well    
said1 t !  implicit tru/ ) :i* m]*ants  
are accu/om$ to confide 9 di/ant  ag5ts1
 sep>at$ f !m p]haps by half !          
globe--(t5 consign+  va/ weal? to       
p]sons1 recomm5d$ only by _! "*1 :om    
p]haps  !y h nev] se5--is probably !    
f9e/ act ( homage :i* m5 c  r5d] to "o  
ano!r4    ,al?\gh common hone/y is /ill 

happily 9 ! asc5dant among/ common  p1 &
 ! g5]al bus9ess community ( ,engl& is  
/ill s\nd at  he>t1 putt+ _! hone/ "*   
into _! respective  call+s1--!re are    
unhappily1 z !re h be5 9 all times1 b   
too  _m in/ances ( flagrant di%one/y &  
fraud1 exhibit$ by !  unscrupul\s1 !    
ov]-speculative1 & ! int5sely selfi% 9  
_!  ha/e to be ri*4  ,!re are tradesm5  
:o adult]ate1 contractors :o  8scamp10  
manufactur]s :o give u %oddy in/ead (   
wool1 8dress+0  in/ead ( cotton1        
ca/-iron tools in/ead ( /eel1 ne$les )\t
  eyes1 razors made only 8to sell10 &   
sw9dl$ fabrics 9 _m %apes4  ,b ^! we mu/
 hold to be ! exceptional cases1 (      
l[-m9d$ &  grasp+ m51 :o1 ?\gh !y may   
ga9 weal? :i* !y probably _c  enjoy1 w  
nev] ga9 an hone/ "*1 nor secure t )\t  
:i*  weal? is no?+--a he>t at peace4    
8,! rogue coz5$ n me1 b 8  own          
consci5ce10 said ,bi%op ,latim] ( a     
cutl] :o made him pay  twop5ce = a knife
 n wor? a p5ny4  ,money1 e>n$ by screw+1
  *eat+1 & ov]rea*+1 may = a "t dazzle !

 eyes ( !  un?9k+2 b ! bubbles bl[n by  
unscrupul\s rogues1 :5  full-bl[n1      
usually glitt] only to bur/4  ,!        
,sadleirs1 ,dean ,pauls1 &  ,r$pa?s1 = !
 mo/ "p1 come to a sad end ev5 9 ?is _w2
 &  ?\gh ! successful sw9dles ( o!rs may
 n be 8f\nd out10 & !  ga9s ( _! rogu]y 
may rema9 ) !m1 x w be z a curse &  n z 
a bless+4    ,x is possible t !         
scrupul\sly hone/ man may n gr[ ri* s   
fa/  z ! unscrupul\s & di%one/ "o2 b !  
success w be ( a tru]  k9d1 e>n$ )\t    
fraud or inju/ice4  ,& ev5 ?\gh a man   
%\ld  = a "t be unsuccessful1 /ill he   
mu/ be hone/3 bett] lose all &  save "*4
  ,= "* is itself a =tune2 & if !       
high-pr9cipl$ man w b hold on 8 way     
c\rage\sly1 success w  surely come1--nor
 w ! highe/ rew>d ( all be )held f him4 
,wordswor? well describes ! 8,happy     
,w>rior10 z he        8,:o compreh5ds 8 
tru/1 & to ! same      ,keeps fai?ful ) 
a s+l5ess ( aim2      ,& !re=e does n   
/oop1 nor lie 9 wait      ,= weal?1 or  
hon\r1 or = worldly /ate2      ,:om !y  

mu/ foll[1 on ^: head mu/ fall1      ,l 
%[]s ( manna1 if !y come at all40    ,z 
an example ( ! high-m9d$ m]cantile man  
tra9$ 9 upright habits  ( bus9ess1 &    
di/+ui%$ = ju/ice1 tru?fulness1 & hone/y
 (  deal+ 9 all ?+s1 ! c>e] ( !         
well-kn[n ,david ,b>clay1  gr&son (     
,rob]t ,b>clay1 ( ,ury1 ! au?or ( !     
celebrat$ #8,apology  = ! ,quak]s1' may 
be briefly ref]r$ to4  ,= _m ye>s he 0 !
  head ( an ext5sive h\se 9 ,*eapside1  
*iefly engag$ 9 ! ,am]ican  trade2 b l  
,granville ,%>p1 he ent]ta9$ s /rong an 
op9ion  aga9/ ! w> ) our ,am]ican       
colonies1 t he det]m9$ to retire        
altoge!r f ! trade4  ,:il/ a m]*ant1 he 
0 z mu*  di/+ui%$ = 8 tal5ts1 k1        
integrity1 & p[]1 z he  aft]w>ds 0 = 8  
patriotism & munific5t philan?ropy4  ,he
 0 a  mirror ( tru?fulness & hone/y2 &1 
z became ! good ,*ri/ian &  true        
g5tleman1 8 ^w 0 always held to be z    
good z 8 bond4  ,8  position1 & 8 high  
"*1 induc$ ! ,m9i/]s ( ! day on  _m     
occasions to seek 8 advice2 &1 :5 exam9$

 be=e ! ,h\se (  ,commons on ! subject (
 ! ,am]ican dispute1 8 views 7 s cle>ly 
express$1 & 8 advice 0 s /rongly ju/ifi$
 by ! reasons /at$  by him1 t ,"l ,nor? 
publicly ackn[l$g$ t he _h d]iv$ m      
in=mation f ,david ,b>clay ?an f all    
o!rs ea/ ( ,temple ,b>4  ,on retir+ f   
bus9ess1 x 0 n to re/ 9 luxuri\s ease1 b
 to  ent] ^u new lab\rs ( usefulness =  
o!rs4  ,) ample means1 he  felt t he    
/ill ow$ to society ! duty ( a good     
example4  ,he  f\nd$ a h\se ( indu/ry   
ne> 8 resid5ce at ,wal?am/[1 :i* he     
support$ at a heavy outlay = sev]al     
ye>s1 until at l5g? he  succe$$ 9 r5d]+ 
x a s\rce ( com=t z well z indep5d5ce to
  ! well-dispos$ families ( ! poor 9 t  
neighb\rhood4  ,:5 an  e/ate 9 ,jamaica 
fell to him1 he det]m9$1 ?\gh at a co/ (
 "s  #aj1jjjl41 at once to give lib]ty  
to ! :ole ( ! slaves on !  prop]ty4  ,he
 s5t out an ag5t1 :o hir$ a %ip1 & he _h
 ! little  slave community transport$ to
 "o ( ! free ,am]ican /ates1 :]e  !y    
settl$ d[n & prosp]$4  ,mr4 ,b>clay _h  

be5 assur$ t !  negroes 7 too ignorant &
 too b>b>\s = fre$om1 & x 0 ?us  t he   
det]m9$ practically to demon/rate !     
fallacy ( !  ass]tion4  ,9 deal+ ) 8    
accumulat$ sav+s1 he made himself !     
executor ( 8 own w1 & in/ead ( leav+ a  
l>ge =tune to be  divid$ among 8        
relatives at 8 dea?1 he ext5d$ to !m 8  
munific5t aid dur+ 8 life1 wat*$ & aid$ 
!m 9 _!  respective c>e]s1 & ?us n only 
laid ! f\ndation1 b liv$ to  see !      
maturity1 ( "s ( ! l>ge/ & mo/ prosp]\s 
bus9ess  conc]ns 9 ! metropolis4  ,we   
believe t to ?is day "s ( our mo/  em95t
 m]*ants--su* z ! ,gurneys1 ,hanburys1 &
 ,buxtons--are pr\d to  ackn[l$ge )     
gratitude ! obligations !y owe to ,david
 ,b>clay =  ! means ( _! fir/           
introduction to life1 & = ! b5efits (  8
 c\nsel & c\nt5ance 9 ! e>ly /ages ( _! 
c>e]4  ,su* a  man /&s z a m>k ( !      
m]cantile hone/y & integrity ( 8        
c\ntry1 & is a model & example = m5 (   
bus9ess 9 all "t to  come4              
,,*apt] ,x4  ,,money--,,its ,,use ,,&   

,,abuse4          8,n = to hide x 9 a   
h$ge1         ,nor = a tra9 att5dant1   
,b = ! glori\s privilege         ,( be+ 
indep5d5t40--,burns4        8,nei!r a   
borr[] nor a l5d] be3      ,= loan (t   
loses bo? itself & fri5d2      ,& borr[+
 dulls ! edge ( husb&ry40--,%akepe>e4   
,nev] treat money affairs )             
levity--,money is "*4--,sir ,e4 ,l4     
,bulw] ,lytton4    ,,h[ a man uses      
money--makes x1 saves x1 & sp5ds x--is  
p]haps "o (  ! be/ te/s ( practical     
wisdom4  ,al?\gh money ought by no means
 to  be reg>d$ z a *ief end ( man's     
life1 nei!r is x a trifl+  matt]1 to be 
held 9 philosophic contempt1 repres5t+ z
 x does to s  l>ge an ext5t1 ! means (  
physical com=t & social well-be+4       
,inde$1 "s ( ! f9e/ qualities ( human   
nature are intimately  relat$ to ! "r   
use ( money2 su* z g5]osity1 hone/y1    
ju/ice1  & self-sacrifice2 z well z !   
practical virtues ( economy &           
provid5ce4  ,on ! o!r h&1 !re are _!    
c\nt]p>ts ( av>ice1  fraud1 inju/ice1 & 

selfi%ness1 z display$ by ! inord9ate   
lov]s  ( ga92 & ! vices ( ?riftlessness1
 extravagance1 & improvid5ce1  on ! "p (
 ^? :o misuse & abuse ! means entru/$ to
 !m4  8,s t10 z is wisely obs]v$ by     
,h5ry ,taylor 9 8 ?\ghtful #8,notes  f  
,life1' 8a "r measure & mann] 9 gett+1  
sav+1 sp5d+1  giv+1 tak+1 l5d+1 borr[+1 
& bequea?+1 w\ld almo/ argue a  p]fect  
man40    ,com=t 9 worldly circum/ances  
is a con ion :i* e man is  ju/ifi$ 9    
/riv+ to atta9 by all wor?y means4  ,x  
secures t  physical satisfaction1 :i* is
 necess>y = ! culture ( ! bett]  "p ( 8 
nature2 & enables him to provide = ^? ( 
8 own  h\sehold1 )\t :i*1 says !        
,apo/le1 a man is 8worse ?an an         
infidel40  ,nor ought ! duty to be any !
 less indiff]5t to u1 t  ! respect :i*  
our fell[-m5 ent]ta9 = u 9 no slight    
degree  dep5ds ^u ! mann] 9 :i* we      
ex]cise ! opportunities :i*  pres5t     
!mselves = our hon\rable advancem5t 9   
life4  ,! v  ef=t requir$ to be made to 
succe$ 9 life ) ?is object1 is (  itself

 an education2 /imulat+ a man's s5se (  
self-respect1 br++  out 8 practical     
qualities1 & discipl9+ him 9 ! ex]cise (
  pati5ce1 p]sev]ance1 & su* l virtues4 
,! provid5t & c>eful  man mu/ necess>ily
 be a ?\ghtful man1 = he lives n m]ely =
 !  pres5t1 b ) provid5t =eca/ makes    
arrangem5ts = ! future4  ,he mu/ also be
 a temp]ate man1 & ex]cise ! virtue (   
self-d5ial1  ?an :i* no?+ is s mu*      
calculat$ to give /r5g? to !  "*4  ,john
 ,/]l+ says truly1 t 8! wor/ education  
:i*  tea*es self d5ial1 is bett] ?an !  
be/ :i* tea*es ev]y?+  else1 & n t40  ,!
 ,romans rightly employ$ ! same ^w      
7virtus7  to designate c\rage1 :i* is 9 
a physical s5se :at ! o!r is 9 a  moral2
 ! highe/ virtue ( all be+ victory ov]  
ourselves4    ,h5ce ! lesson (          
self-d5ial--! sacrific+ ( a pres5t      
gratification = a future good--is "o ( !
 la/ t is le>nt4  ,^?  classes :i* "w ! 
h>de/ might naturally be expect$ to     
value !  mo/ ! money :i* !y e>n4  ,yet !
 read9ess ) :i* s _m are  accu/om$ to   

eat up & dr9k up _! e>n+s z !y g1 r5d]s 
!m  to a great ext5t helpless & dep5d5t 
^u ! frugal4  ,!re are  l>ge numb]s (   
p]sons among u :o1 ?\gh enjoy+ suffici5t
 means  ( com=t & indep5d5ce1 are (t5   
f\nd to be b>ely a day's m>*  ahead (   
actual want :5 a "t ( pressure occurs2 &
 h5ce a great  cause ( social           
helplessness & suff]+4  ,on "o occasion 
a deputation  wait$ on ,"l ,john        
,russell1 respect+ ! taxation levi$ on !
  work+ classes ( ! c\ntry1 :5 ! noble  
"l took ! opportunity  ( rem>k+1 8,y may
 rely ^u x t ! ,gov]nm5t ( ?is c\ntry   
dur/ n tax ! work+ classes to any?+ l ! 
ext5t to :i*  !y tax !mselves 9 _!      
exp5diture ^u intoxicat+ dr9ks alone60  
,( all great public que/ions1 !re is    
p]haps none m important ?an  ?is1--no   
great "w ( re=m call+ m l\dly = lab\r]s4
  ,b x  mu/ be admitt$ t 8self-d5ial &  
self-help0 w\ld make a poor  rally+ cry 
= ! hu/+s2 & x is to be fe>$ t !        
patriotism  ( ?is day has b little reg>d
 = su* common ?+s z individual  economy 

& provid5ce1 al?\gh x is by ! practice (
 su* virtues  only t ! g5u9e indep5d5ce 
( ! indu/rial classes is to be  secur$4 
8,prud5ce1 frugality1 & good managem5t10
 said ,samuel ,drew1  ! philosophical   
%oemak]1 8are excell5t arti/s = m5d+ bad
  times3 !y occupy b little room 9 any  
dwell+1 b w\ld furni% a  m effectual    
rem$y = ! evils ( life ?an any ,re=m    
,bill t  ev] pass$ ! ,h\ses (           
,p>liam5t40  ,socrates said1 8,let him t
  w\ld move ! _w move fir/ himself4  0  
,or z ! old rhyme runs--        8,if e  
"o w\ld see      ,to 8 own re=mation1   
,h[ v easily      ,y might re=m a       
nation40    ,x is1 h[ev]1 g5]ally felt  
to be a f> easi] ?+ to re=m !  ,*ur* & !
 ,/ate ?an to re=m ! lea/ ( our own bad 
habits2 &  9 su* matt]s x is usually    
f\nd m agreeable to our ta/es1 z x      
c]ta9ly is ! common practice1 to beg9 ) 
our neighb\rs r  ?an ) ourselves4       
,any class ( m5 t lives f h& to m\? w   
ev] be an inf]ior  class4  ,!y w        
necess>ily rema9 impot5t & helpless1    

hang+ on to  ! skirts ( society1 ! sport
 ( times & seasons4  ,hav+ no respect  =
 !mselves1 !y w fail 9 secur+ ! respect 
( o!rs4  ,9  comm]cial crises1 su* m5   
mu/ inevitably g to ! wall4  ,want+ t   
husb&$ p[] :i* a /ore ( sav+s1 no matt] 
h[ small1 inv>iably  gives !m1 !y w be  
at e man's m]cy1 &1 if possess$ ( "r    
feel+s1 !y _c b reg>d ) fe> & trembl+ ! 
future  possible fate ( _! wives &      
*ildr54  8,! _w10 once said ,mr4  ,cobd5
 to ! work+ m5 ( ,hudd]sfield1 8has     
always be5 divid$ into  two classes1--^?
 :o h sav$1 & ^? :o h sp5t--! ?rifty  & 
! extravagant4  ,! build+ ( all ! h\ses1
 ! mills1 !  bridges1 & ! %ips1 & !     
accompli%m5t ( all o!r great works  :i* 
h r5d]$ man civiliz$ & happy1 has be5   
done by ! sav]s1  ! ?rifty2 & ^? :o h   
wa/$ _! res\rces h always be5  _!       
slaves4  ,x has be5 ! law ( nature & (  
,provid5ce t ?is  %\ld be s2 & ,i 7 an  
impo/or if ,i promis$ any class t !y    
w\ld advance !mselves if !y 7           
improvid5t1 ?\ghtless1 &  idle40        

,equally s\nd 0 ! advice giv5 by ,mr4   
,bright to an assembly (  work+ m5 at   
,ro*dale1 9 #ahdg1 :51 aft] express+ 8  
belief t1  8s f> z hone/y 0 conc]n$1 x 0
 to be f\nd 9 pretty equal  am\nt among 
all classes10 he us$ ! foll[+           
words3--8,!re is only  "o way t is safe 
= any man1 or any numb] ( m51 by :i* !y 
c  ma9ta9 _! pres5t position if x be a  
good "o1 or raise !mselves  above x if x
 be a bad "o1--t is1 by ! practice ( !  
virtues (  indu/ry1 frugality1          
temp]ance1 & hone/y4  ,!re is no royal  
road by  :i* m5 c raise !mselves f a    
position :i* !y feel to be  uncom=table 
& unsatisfactory1 z reg>ds _! m5tal or  
physical  condition1 except by !        
practice ( ^? virtues by :i* !y f9d     
numb]s among/ !m are cont9ually advanc+ 
& bett]+ !mselves40    ,!re is no reason
 :y ! condition ( ! av]age workman %\ld 
n be  a useful1 hon\rable1 respectable1 
& happy "o4  ,! :ole body ( !  work+    
classes might1 7) few exceptions7 be z  
frugal1 virtu\s1  well-in=m$1 &         

well-condition$ z _m individuals ( !    
same class  h already made !mselves4    
,:at "s m5 are1 all )\t difficulty      
might be4  ,employ ! same means1 & !    
same results w foll[4  ,t  !re %\ld be a
 class ( m5 :o live by _! daily lab\r 9 
e  /ate is ! ord9ance ( ,god1 & d\btless
 is a wise & righte\s "o2  b t ?is class
 %\ld be o!rwise ?an frugal1 cont5t$1   
intellig5t1 & happy1 is n ! design (    
,provid5ce1 b spr+s  solely f !         
weakness1 self-indulg5ce1 & p]v]s5ess ( 
man  himself4  ,! heal?y _s ( self-help 
creat$ among/ work+ p  w\ld m ?an any   
o!r measure s]ve to raise !m z a class1 
&  ?is1 n by pull+ d[n o!rs1 b by       
levell+ !m up to a high]  & /ill advanc+
 /&>d ( religion1 intellig5ce1 & virtue4
  8,all  moral philosophy10 says        
,montaigne1 8is z applicable to a common
 &  private life z to ! mo/ spl5did4  ,e
 man c>ries ! entire =m  ( ! human      
condition )9 him40    ,:5 a man ca/s 8  
glance =w>d1 he w f9d t ! ?ree *ief     
temporal cont+5cies = :i* he has to     

provide are want (  employm5t1 sickness1
 & dea?4  ,! two fir/ he may escape1 b !
  la/ is inevitable4  ,x is1 h[ev]1 !   
duty ( ! prud5t man s to  live1 & s to  
arrange1 t ! pressure ( suff]+1 9 ev5t (
  ei!r cont+5cy occurr+1 %all be        
mitigat$ to z great an ext5t z          
possible1 n only to himself1 b also to  
^? :o are dep5d5t ^u  him = _! com=t &  
subsi/5ce4  ,view$ 9 ?is light ! hone/  
e>n+ & ! frugal use ( money are ( !     
greate/ importance4  ,rightly e>n$1 x is
 ! repres5tative ( pati5t indu/ry &     
untir+  ef=t1 ( temptation resi/$1 &    
hope rew>d$2 & rightly us$1 x  af=ds    
indications ( prud5ce1 =e?\ght &        
self-d5ial--! true  basis ( manly "*4   
,?\gh money repres5ts a cr[d ( objects  
)\t any real wor? or utility1 x also    
repres5ts _m ?+s (  great value2 n only 
food1 clo?+1 & h\sehold satisfaction1 b 
p]sonal self-respect & indep5d5ce4  ,?us
 a /ore ( sav+s is to  ! work+ man z a  
b>ricade aga9/ want2 x secures him a    
foot+1  & enables him to wait1 x may be 

9 *e]fulness & hope1 until bett]  days  
come r\nd4  ,! v endeav\r to ga9 a firm]
 position 9 !  _w has a c]ta9 dignity 9 
x1 & t5ds to make a man /rong] &  bett]4
  ,at all ev5ts x gives him great]      
fre$om ( action1 &  enables him to husb&
 8 /r5g? = future ef=t4    ,b ! man :o  
is always hov]+ on ! v]ge ( want is 9 a 
/ate n  f> remov$ f t ( slav]y4  ,he is 
9 no s5se 8 own ma/]1 b  is 9 con/ant   
p]il ( fall+ "u ! bondage ( o!rs1 &     
accept+ ! t]ms :i* !y dictate to him4   
,he _c help be+1 9  a measure1 s]vile1 =
 he d>es n look ! _w boldly 9 ! face2  &
 9 adv]se times he mu/ look ei!r to alms
 or ! poor's rates4  ,if  "w fails him  
altoge!r1 he has n ! means ( mov+ to    
ano!r  field ( employm5t2 he is fix$ to 
8 p>i% l a limpet to its rock1  & c     
nei!r migrate nor emigrate4    ,to      
secure indep5d5ce1 ! practice ( simple  
economy is all t is  necess>y4  ,economy
 requires nei!r sup]ior c\rage nor em95t
 virtue2  x is satisfi$ ) ord9>y en]gy1 
& ! capacity ( av]age m9ds4  ,economy1  

at bottom1 is b ! _s ( ord] appli$ 9 !  
adm9i/ration ( dome/ic affairs3 x means 
managem5t1 regul>ity1  prud5ce1 & !     
avoidance ( wa/e4  ,! _s ( economy 0    
express$ by our ,div9e ,ma/] 9 ! words  
#8,ga!r up ! fragm5ts t  rema91 s t no?+
 may be lo/4'  ,8 omnipot5ce did n      
disda9  ! small ?+s ( life2 & ev5 :ile  
reveal+ ,8 inf9ite p[] to  ! multitude1 
he taught ! pregnant lesson ( c>efulness
 ( :i* all  /& s mu* 9 ne$4    ,economy 
also means ! p[] ( resi/+ pres5t        
gratification = !  purpose ( secur+ a   
future good1 & 9 ?is light x repres5ts !
  asc5dancy ( reason ov] ! animal       
in/9cts4  ,x is altoge!r  diff]5t f     
p5uri\sness3 = x is economy t c always  
be/  af=d to be g5]\s4  ,x does n make  
money an idol1 b reg>ds x z  a useful   
ag5t4  ,z ,dean ,swift obs]ves1 8we mu/ 
c>ry money 9 !  head1 n 9 ! he>t40      
,economy may be /yl$ ! daught] (        
,prud5ce1  ! si/] ( ,temp]ance1 & ! "m (
 ,lib]ty4  ,x is evid5tly               
cons]vative--cons]vative ( "*1 ( dome/ic

 happ9ess1 & social  well-be+4  ,x is1 9
 %ort1 ! exhibition ( self-help 9 "o (  
its  be/ =ms4    ,francis ,horn]'s fa!r 
gave him ?is advice on ent]+            
life3--8,:il/ ,i  wi% y to be com=table 
9 e respect1 ,i _c too /rongly          
inculcate economy4  ,x is a necess>y    
virtue to all2 & h[ev] !  %all[ "p (    
mank9d may despise x1 x c]ta9ly leads to
  indep5d5ce1 :i* is a gr& object to e  
man ( a high _s40  ,burns' l9es1 quot$  
at ! head ( ?is *apt]1 conta9 ! "r idea2
  b unhappily 8 /ra9 ( song 0 high] ?an 
8 practice2 8 ideal  bett] ?an 8 habit4 
,:5 laid on 8 dea?-b$ he wrote to a     
fri5d1  8,alas6 ,cl>ke1 ,i beg9 to feel 
! wor/4  ,burns' poor wid[1 & half a    
doz5 ( 8 de> little ones helpless       
orphans2--!re ,i am weak z a  woman's   
te>4  ,en\gh ( ?is2--'tis half my       
disease40    ,e man ought s to contrive 
z to live )9 8 means4  ,?is  practice is
 ( ! v ess5ce ( hone/y4  ,= if a man d n
 manage  hone/ly to live )9 8 own means1
 he mu/ necess>ily be liv+  di%one/ly ^u

 ! means ( somebody else4  ,^? :o are   
c>eless  ab\t p]sonal exp5diture1 &     
consid] m]ely _! own gratification1  )\t
 reg>d = ! com=t ( o!rs1 g5]ally f9d out
 ! real  uses ( money :5 x is too late4 
,?\gh by nature g5]\s1 ^!  ?riftless    
p]sons are (t5 driv5 9 ! end to d v     
%abby ?+s4  ,!y wa/e _! money z !y d _! 
"t2 draw bills ^u ! future2  anticipate 
_! e>n+s2 & are ?us "u ! necessity (    
dragg+  aft] !m a load ( debts &        
obligations :i* s]i\sly affect _!       
action z free & indep5d5t m54    ,x 0 a 
maxim ( ,"l ,bacon1 t :5 x 0 necess>y to
 economize1 x  0 bett] to look aft]     
petty sav+s ?an to desc5d to petty      
gett+s4  ,! loose ca% :i* _m p]sons ?r[ 
away uselessly1 & worse1 w\ld  (t5 =m a 
basis ( =tune & indep5d5ce = life4  ,^! 
wa/]s  are _! own wor/ enemies1 ?\gh    
g5]ally f\nd among/ ! ranks (  ^? :o    
rail at ! inju/ice ( 8! _w40  ,b if a   
man w n be  8 own fri5d1 h[ c he expect 
t o!rs w8  ,ord]ly m5 (  mod]ate means h
 always some?+ left 9 _! pockets to help

  o!rs2 :]eas y\r prodigal & c>eless    
fell[s :o sp5d all nev]  f9d an         
opportunity = help+ anybody4  ,x is poor
 economy1 h[ev]1 to  be a scrub4        
,n>r[m9d$ness 9 liv+ & 9 deal+ is       
g5]ally  %ort-sight$1 & leads to        
failure4  ,! p5ny s\l1 x is said1 nev]  
came to twop5ce4  ,g5]osity & lib]ality1
 l hone/y1 prove !  be/ policy aft] all4
  ,?\gh ,j5k9son1 9 ! #8,vic> (         
,wakefield1'  *eat$ 8 k9d-he>t$ neighb\r
 ,flambor\gh 9 "o way or ano!r  e ye>1  
8,flambor\gh10 said he1 8has be5        
regul>ly gr[+ 9  ri*es1 :ile ,i h come  
to pov]ty & a gaol40  ,& practical life 
ab\nds 9 cases ( brilliant results f a  
c\rse ( g5]\s &  hone/ policy4    ,!    
prov]b says t 8an empty bag _c /&       
upright20 nei!r c a  man :o is 9 debt4  
,x is also difficult = a man :o is 9    
debt to be  tru?ful2 h5ce x is said t   
ly+ rides on debt's back4  ,! debtor    
has to frame excuses to 8 cr$itor =     
po/pon+ paym5t ( ! money  he owes him2 &
 probably also to contrive falsehoods4  

,x is easy en\gh  = a man :o w ex]cise a
 heal?y resolution1 to avoid incurr+ !  
fir/ obligation2 b ! facility ) :i* t   
has be5 incurr$  (t5 becomes a          
temptation to a second2 & v soon !      
un=tunate  borr[] becomes s entangl$ t  
no late ex]tion ( indu/ry c set  him    
free4  ,! fir/ /ep 9 debt is l ! fir/   
/ep 9 falsehood2  almo/ involv+ !       
necessity ( proce$+ 9 ! same c\rse1 debt
  foll[+ debt1 z lie foll[s lie4        
,haydon1 ! pa9t]1 dat$ 8  decl9e f ! day
 on :i* he fir/ borr[$ money4  ,he      
realiz$ !  tru? ( ! prov]b1 8,:o goes   
a-borr[+1 goes a-sorr[+40  ,!           
significant entry 9 8 di>y is3 8,"h     
began debt & obligation1 out  ( :i* ,i h
 nev] be5 & nev] %all be extricat$ z    
long z ,i  live40  ,8 ,autobiography %[s
 b too pa9fully h[ emb>rassm5t 9  money 
matt]s produces poignant di/ress ( m9d1 
utt] incapacity =  "w1 & con/antly      
recurr+ humiliations4  ,! writt5 advice 
:i* he  gave to a y\? :5 ent]+ ! navy 0 
z foll[s3 8,nev] pur*ase  any enjoym5t  

if x _c be procur$ )\t borr[+ ( o!rs4   
,nev] borr[ money3 x is degrad+4  ,i d n
 say nev] l5d1 b nev]  l5d if by l5d+ y 
r5d] y\rself unable to pay :at y owe2 b 
"u any circum/ances nev] borr[40        
,fi*te1 ! poor /ud5t1 refus$  to accept 
ev5 pres5ts f 8 /ill poor] p>5ts4       
,dr4 ,johnson held t e>ly debt is ru94  
,8 words on ! subject are  weighty1 &   
wor?y ( be+ held 9 remembrance4  8,d n10
 said he1  8accu/om y\rself to consid]  
debt only z an inconv5i5ce2 y w  f9d x a
 calamity4  ,pov]ty takes away s _m     
means ( do+ good1 &  produces s mu*     
inability to resi/ evil1 bo? natural &  
moral1 t  x is by all virtu\s means to  
be avoid$4 4 4 4 ,let x be y\r fir/     
c>e1 !n1 n to be 9 any man's debt4      
,resolve n to be poor2  :atev] y h sp5d 
less4  ,pov]ty is a great enemy to human
  happ9ess2 x c]ta9ly de/roys lib]ty1 & 
x makes "s virtues  impracticable & o!rs
 extremely difficult4  ,frugality is n  
only !  basis ( quiet1 b ( b5efic5ce4   
,no man c help o!rs t wants  help       

himself2 we mu/ h en\gh be=e we h to    
sp>e40    ,x is ! b\nd5 duty ( e man to 
look 8 affairs 9 ! face1 &  to keep an  
acc\nt ( 8 incom+s & outgo+s 9 money    
matt]s4  ,!  ex]cise ( a little simple  
ari?metic 9 ?is way w be f\nd ( great   
value4  ,prud5ce requires t we %all pit*
 our scale ( liv+ a  degree bel[ our    
means1 r ?an up to !m2 b ?is c only be  
done  by c>ry+ out fai?fully a plan (   
liv+ by :i* bo? ends may be  made to    
meet4  ,john ,locke /rongly advis$ ?is  
c\rse3 8,no?+10 said  he1 8is likeli] to
 keep a man )9 compass ?an hav+         
con/antly  be=e 8 eyes ! /ate ( 8       
affairs 9 a regul> c\rse ( acc\nt40  ,! 
,duke ( ,well+ton kept an accurate      
detail$ acc\nt ( all !  moneys receiv$ &
 exp5d$ by him4  8,i make a po9t10 said 
he to ,mr4  ,gleig1 8( pay+ my own      
bills1 & ,i advise e "o to d ! same2    
=m]ly ,i us$ to tru/ a confid5tial      
s]vant to pay !m1 b ,i 0  cur$ ( t folly
 by receiv+ "o morn+1 to my great       
surprise1 duns  ( a ye> or two's /&+4   

,! fell[ _h speculat$ ) my money1  &    
left my bills unpaid40  ,talk+ ( debt 8 
rem>k 01 8,x makes a  slave ( a man4  ,i
 h (t5 kn[n :at x 0 to be 9 want (      
money1  b ,i nev] got into debt40       
,wa%+ton 0 z p>ticul> z ,well+ton  01 9 
matt]s ( bus9ess detail2 & x is a       
rem>kable fact1 t he  did n disda9 to   
scrut9ize ! smalle/ outgo+s ( 8         
h\sehold--det]m9$ z he 0 to live hone/ly
 )9 8 means--ev5  :ile hold+ ! high     
(fice ( ,presid5t ( ! ,am]ican ,union4  
,admiral ,j]vis1 ,e>l ,/4 ,v9c5t1 has   
told ! /ory ( 8 e>ly  /ruggles1 &1      
among/ o!r ?+s1 ( 8 det]m9ation to keep 
out (  debt4  8,my fa!r _h a v l>ge     
family10 said he1 8) limit$ means4  ,he 
gave me tw5ty p\nds at />t+1 & t 0 all  
he ev] gave me4  ,aft] ,i _h be5 a      
consid]able "t at ! /ation at sea1 ,i   
drew =  tw5ty m1 b ! bill came back     
prote/$4  ,i 0 mortifi$ at ?is  rebuke1 
& made a promise1 :i* ,i h ev] kept1 t  
,i w\ld nev]  draw ano!r bill )\t a     
c]ta9ty ( its be+ paid4  ,i imm$iately  

*ang$ my mode ( liv+1 quitt$ my mess1   
liv$ alone1 & took up !  %ip's all[ance1
 :i* ,i f\nd q suffici5t2 wa%$ & m5d$ my
  own clo!s2 made a pair ( tr\s]s out ( 
! tick+ ( my b$2 &  hav+ by ^! means    
sav$ z mu* money z w\ld r$eem my hon\r1 
,i  took up my bill1 & f t "t to ?is ,i 
h tak5 c>e to keep  )9 my means40       
,j]vis = six ye>s endur$ p9*+ privation1
 b  pres]v$ 8 integrity1 /udi$ 8        
pr(ession ) success1 &  gradually &     
/eadily rose by m]it & brav]y to !      
highe/ rank4    ,mr4 ,hume hit ! m>k :5 
he once /at$ 9 ! ,h\se ( ,commons--?\gh 
8 words 7 foll[$ by 8laught]0--t ! tone 
( liv+ 9 ,engl&  is altoge!r too high4  
,middle-class p are too apt to live up  
to  _! incomes1 if n beyond !m3 affect+ 
a degree ( 8/yle0 :i* is  mo/ unheal?y 9
 its effects ^u society at l>ge4  ,!re  
is an  ambition to br+ up boys z        
g5tlem51 or r 8g5teel0 m52 ?\gh  !      
result frequ5tly is1 only to make !m    
g5ts4  ,!y acquire a ta/e  = dress1     
/yle1 luxuries1 & amusem5ts1 :i* c nev] 

=m any  solid f\ndation = manly or      
g5tlemanly "*2 & ! result is1  t we h a 
va/ numb] ( g+]bread "y g5try ?r[n ^u ! 
_w1 :o rem9d "o ( ! ab&on$ hulls        
sometimes pick$ up at sea1  ) only a    
monkey on bo>d4    ,!re is a dreadful   
ambition abroad = be+ 8g5teel40  ,we    
keep up  appe>ances1 too (t5 at ! exp5se
 ( hone/y2 &1 ?\gh we may n  be ri*1 yet
 we mu/ seem to be s4  ,we mu/ be       
8respectable10 ?\gh  only 9 ! meane/    
s5se--9 m]e vulg> outw>d %[4  ,we h n ! 
c\rage to g pati5tly onw>d 9 ! condition
 ( life 9 :i* x has  pleas$ ,god to call
 u2 b mu/ ne$s live 9 "s fa%ionable /ate
 to  :i* we ridicul\sly please to call  
ourselves1 & all to gratify !  vanity ( 
t unsub/antial g5teel _w ( :i* we =m a  
"p4  ,!re is a con/ant /ruggle &        
pressure = front seats 9 ! social       
amphi!atre2 9 ! mid/ ( :i* all noble    
self-d5y+ resolve is  trodd5 d[n1 & _m  
f9e natures are inevitably cru%$ to     
dea?4  ,:at wa/e1 :at mis]y1 :at        
bankruptcy1 come f all ?is ambition to  

dazzle o!rs ) ! gl>e ( app>5t worldly   
success1 we ne$ n  describe4  ,!        
mis*iev\s results %[ !mselves 9 a ?\s&  
ways--9  ! rank frauds committ$ by m5 :o
 d>e to be di%one/1 b d n  d>e to seem  
poor2 & 9 ! desp]ate da%es at =tune1 9  
:i* !  pity is n s mu* = ^? :o fail1 z =
 ! hundr$s ( innoc5t  families :o are s 
(t5 involv$ 9 _! ru94    ,! late ,sir   
,*>les ,napi]1 9 tak+ leave ( 8 comm& 9 
,india1 did  a bold & hone/ ?+ 9 publi%+
 8 /rong prote/1 embodi$ 9 8  la/ ,g5]al
 ,ord] to ! (fic]s ( ! ,indian army1    
aga9/ ! 8fa/0  life l$ by s _m "y (fic]s
 9 t s]vice1 involv+ !m 9  ignom9i\s    
obligations4  ,sir ,*>les /rongly urg$1 
9 t fam\s  docum5t--:at _h almo/ be5 lo/
 sight ( t 8hone/y is insep>able  f ! "*
 ( a ?or\gh-br$ g5tleman20 & t 8to dr9k 
unpaid-= *ampagne & unpaid-= be]1 & to  
ride unpaid-= horses1  is to be a *eat1 
& n a g5tleman40  ,m5 :o liv$ beyond _! 
means  & 7 summon$1 (t5 by _! own       
s]vants1 be=e ,c\rts ( ,reque/s  = debts
 contract$ 9 extravagant liv+1 might be 

(fic]s by virtue  ( _! commissions1 b !y
 7 n g5tlem54  ,! habit ( be+  con/antly
 9 debt1 ! ,comm&]-9-*ief held1 made m5 
gr[ call\s to  ! prop] feel+s ( a       
g5tleman4  ,x 0 n en\gh t an (fic]  %\ld
 be able to fight3 t any bull-dog c\ld  
d4  ,b did he hold 8  ^w inviolate8--did
 he pay 8 debts8  ,^! 7 among ! po9ts ( 
hon\r :i*1 he insi/$1 illum9at$ ! true  
g5tleman's & soldi]'s  c>e]4  ,z ,bay>d 
0 ( old1 s w\ld ,sir ,*>les ,napi] h all
  ,briti% (fic]s to be4  ,he knew !m to 
be 8)\t fe>10 b he w\ld  also h !m 8)\t 
reproa*40  ,!re are1 h[ev]1 _m gallant  
"y fell[s1 bo? 9 ,india & at home1      
capable ( m\nt+ a brea* on  an em]g5cy  
amid/ bel*+ fire1 & ( p]=m+ ! mo/       
desp]ate  de$s ( val\r1 :o nev]!less _c 
or w n ex]cise ! moral  c\rage necess>y 
to enable !m to resi/ a petty temptation
 pres5t$  to _! s5ses4  ,!y _c utt] _!  
valiant 8,no10 or 8,i c't  af=d x10 to !
 invitations ( pleasure & self-enjoym5t2
 & !y  are f\nd ready to brave dea? r   
?an ! ridicule ( _!  companions4    ,!  

"y man1 z he passes ?r\gh life1 advances
 ?r\gh a long l9e (  tempt]s rang$ on   
ei!r side ( him2 & ! inevitable effect (
  yield+1 is degradation 9 a great] or a
 less degree4  ,contact )  !m t5ds      
ins5sibly to draw away f him "s portion 
( ! div9e  electric elem5t ) :i* 8      
nature is *>g$2 & 8 only mode (  resi/+ 
!m is to utt] & to act out 8 8no0       
manfully &  resolutely4  ,he mu/ decide 
at once1 n wait+ to delib]ate &  balance
 reasons2 = ! y\?1 l 8! woman :o        
delib]ates1 is  lo/40  ,_m delib]ate1   
)\t decid+2 b 8n to resolve1 is to      
resolve40  ,a p]fect k ( man is 9 !     
pray]1 8,lead u n into  temptation40  ,b
 temptation w come to try ! "y man's    
/r5g?2  & once yield$ to1 ! p[] to resi/
 gr[s weak] & weak]4  ,yield  once1 & a 
portion ( virtue has gone4  ,resi/      
manfully1 & ! fir/  decision w give     
/r5g? = life2 repeat$1 x w become a     
habit4  ,x is 9 ! outworks ( ! habits   
=m$ 9 e>ly life t ! real  /r5g? ( !     
def5ce mu/ lie2 = x has be5 wisely      

orda9$1 t  ! ma*9]y ( moral exi/5ce %\ld
 be c>ri$ on pr9cipally ?r\gh  ! m$ium (
 ! habits1 s z to save ! we> & te> ( !  
great  pr9ciples )94  ,x is good habits1
 :i* ins9uate !mselves into  ! ?\s&     
inconsid]able acts ( life1 t really     
con/itute by f>  ! great] "p ( man's    
moral conduct4    ,hugh ,mill] has told 
h[1 by an act ( y\?ful decision1 he sav$
  himself f "o ( ! /rong temptations s  
peculi> to a life ( toil4  ,:5 employ$ z
 a mason1 x 0 usual = 8 fell[-workm5 to 
h an  occasional treat ( dr9k1 & "o day 
two glasses ( :isky fell to 8  %>e1 :i* 
he swall[$4  ,:5 he rea*$ home1 he f\nd1
 on op5+  8 fav\rite book--#8,bacon's   
,essays'--t ! lett]s danc$ be=e 8  eyes1
 & t he c\ld no long] ma/] ! s5se4  8,! 
condition10 he  says1 8into :i* ,i _h   
br\ght myself 01 ,i felt1 "o (          
degradation4  ,i _h sunk1 by my own act1
 = ! "t1 to a l[] level ( intellig5ce   
?an t on :i* x 0 my privilege to be     
plac$2 & ?\gh ! /ate  c\ld h be5 no v   
fav\rable "o = =m+ a resolution1 ,i 9  t

 h\r det]m9$ t ,i %\ld nev] aga9        
sacrifice my capacity (  intellectual   
enjoym5t to a dr9k+ usage2 &1 ) ,god's  
help1 ,i 0  enabl$ to hold by !         
det]m9ation40  ,x is su* decisions z ?is
 t  (t5 =m ! turn+-po9ts 9 a man's life1
 & furni% ! f\ndation  ( 8 future "*4   
,& ?is rock1 on :i* ,hugh ,mill] might h
  be5 wreck$1 if he _h n at ! "r mom5t  
put =? 8 moral  /r5g? to /rike away f x1
 is "o t y\? & manhood alike ne$  to be 
con/antly on _! gu>d aga9/4  ,x is ab\t 
"o ( ! wor/  & mo/ deadly1 z well z     
extravagant1 temptations :i* lie 9 ! way
  ( y\?4  ,sir ,walt] ,scott us$ to say 
t 8( all vices dr9k+ is  ! mo/          
incompatible ) greatness40  ,n only s1 b
 x is  incompatible ) economy1 dec5cy1  
heal?1 & hone/ liv+4  ,:5 a  y\? _c     
re/ra91 he mu/ ab/a94  ,dr4 ,johnson's  
case is ! case  ( _m4  ,he said1 ref]r+ 
to 8 own habits1 8,sir1 ,i c ab/a92 b   
,i c't be mod]ate40    ,b to wre/le     
vigor\sly & successfully ) any vici\s   
habit1 we  mu/ n m]ely be satisfi$ )    

cont5d+ on ! l[ gr\nd ( worldly         
prud5ce1 ?\gh t is ( use1 b take /& ^u a
 high] moral  elevation4  ,me*anical    
aids1 su* z pl$ges1 may be ( s]vice to  
"s1  b ! great ?+ is to set up a high   
/&>d ( ?9k+ & act+1  & endeav\r to      
/r5g!n & purify ! pr9ciples z well z to 
re=m ! habits4  ,= ?is purpose a y\? mu/
 /udy himself1 wat*  8 /eps1 & comp>e 8 
?\ghts & acts ) 8 rule4  ,! m  k (      
himself he ga9s1 ! m humble w he be1 &  
p]haps  ! less confid5t 9 8 own /r5g?4  
,b ! discipl9e w be  always f\nd mo/    
valuable :i* is acquir$ by resi/+ small 
pres5t  gratifications to secure a      
prospective great] & high] "o4  ,x is ! 
noble/ "w 9 self-education--=           
8,real glory      ,spr+s f ! sil5t      
conque/ ( ourselves1      ,& )\t t !    
conqu]or is n\ght      ,b ! fir/ slave40
    ,_m popul> books h be5 writt5 = !   
purpose ( communicat+ to  ! public ! gr&
 secret ( mak+ money4  ,b !re is no     
secret  :atev] ab\t x1 z ! prov]bs ( e  
nation abundantly te/ify4  8,take c>e ( 

! p5nies & ! p\nds w take c>e (         
!mselves40  8,dilig5ce is ! "m ( good   
luck40  8,no pa9s no ga9s40  8,no sweat 
no sweet40  8,"w & ?\ %alt h40  8,! _w  
is 8 :o has  pati5ce & indu/ry40        
8,bett] g to b$ supp]less ?an rise 9    
debt40  ,su* are specim5s ( ! prov]bial 
philosophy1 embody+ ! ho>d$  exp]i5ce ( 
_m g5]ations1 z to ! be/ means ( ?riv+ 9
 !  _w4  ,!y 7 curr5t 9 p's m\?s long   
be=e books 7  inv5t$2 & l o!r popul>    
prov]bs !y 7 ! fir/ codes (  popul>     
morals4  ,moreov] !y h /ood ! te/ ( "t1 
& !  exp]i5ce ( e day /ill be>s witness 
to _! accuracy1 =ce1 &  s\ndness4  ,!   
prov]bs ( ,solomon are full ( wisdom z  
to ! =ce (  indu/ry1 & ! use & abuse (  
money3--8,he t is slo?ful 9 "w is  bro!r
 to him t is a great wa/]40  8,g to !   
ant1 ?\ slugg>d2  consid] h] ways1 & be 
wise40  ,pov]ty1 says ! prea*]1 %all    
come  ^u ! idl]1 8z "o t travelle?1 &   
want z an arm$ man20 b  ( ! indu/ri\s & 
upright1 8! h& ( ! dilig5t make? ri*40  
8,! drunk>d & ! glutton %all come to    

pov]ty2 & dr[s9ess %all  clo! a man )   
rags40  8,see/ ?\ a man dilig5t 9 8     
bus9ess8 he  %all /& be=e k+s40  ,b     
above all1 8,x is bett] to get wisdom   
?an gold2 = wisdom is bett] ?an rubies1 
& all ! ?+s t may  be desir$ are n to be
 comp>$ to x40    ,simple indu/ry &     
?rift w g f> t[>ds mak+ any p]son (     
ord9>y work+ faculty comp>atively       
indep5d5t 9 8 means4  ,ev5 a  work+ man 
may be s1 provid$ he w c>efully husb& 8 
res\rces1  & wat* ! little outlets (    
useless exp5diture4  ,a p5ny is a v     
small matt]1 yet ! com=t ( ?\s&s (      
families dep5ds ^u !  prop] sp5d+ & sav+
 ( p5nies4  ,if a man all[s ! little    
p5nies1 ! results ( 8 h>d "w1 to slip   
out ( 8 f+]s--"s to  ! be]%op1 "s ?is   
way & "s t--he w f9d t 8 life is  little
 rais$ above "o ( m]e animal drudg]y4   
,on ! o!r h&1 if  he take c>e ( !       
p5nies--putt+ "s weekly into a b5efit   
society or  an insurance fund1 o!rs into
 a sav+s' bank1 & confid+ ! re/ to  8   
wife to be c>efully laid out1 ) a view  

to ! com=table  ma9t5ance & education ( 
8 family--he w soon f9d t ?is  att5tion 
to small matt]s w abundantly repay him1 
9 increas+  means1 gr[+ com=t at home1 &
 a m9d comp>atively free f fe>s  z to ! 
future4  ,& if a work+ man h high       
ambition & possess  ri*ness 9 _s1--a k9d
 ( weal? :i* f> transc5ds all m]e       
worldly possessions--he may n only help 
himself1 b be a pr(itable  help] ( o!rs 
9 8 pa? ?r\gh life4  ,t ?is is no       
impossible  ?+ ev5 = a common lab\r] 9 a
 work%op1 may be illu/rat$ by !         
rem>kable c>e] ( ,?omas ,wright (       
,man*e/]1 :o n only attempt$  b succe$$ 
9 ! reclamation ( _m crim9als :ile work+
 =  weekly wages 9 a f\ndry4    ,accid5t
 fir/ direct$ ,?omas ,wright's att5tion 
to ! difficulty  enc\nt]$ by lib]at$    
convicts 9 return+ to habits ( hone/    
indu/ry4  ,8 m9d 0 %ortly possess$ by ! 
subject2 & to rem$y  ! evil became !    
purpose ( 8 life4  ,?\gh he work$ f six 
9  ! morn+ till six at night1 /ill !re 7
 leisure m9utes t he  c\ld call 8 own--m

 especially 8 ,sundays--& ^! he employ$ 
9  ! s]vice ( convict$ crim9als2 a class
 !n f> m neglect$ ?an  !y are n[4  ,b a 
few m9utes a day1 well employ$1 c effect
 a great  deal2 & x w sc>cely be cr$it$1
 t 9 t5 ye>s ?is work+  man1 by         
/eadfa/ly hold+ to 8 purpose1 succe$$ 9 
rescu+ n  few] ?an ?ree hundr$ felons f 
cont9uance 9 a life ( villany6  ,he came
 to be reg>d$ z ! moral physician ( !   
,man*e/] ,old  ,bailey2 & :]e ! ,*apla9 
& all o!rs fail$1 ,?omas ,wright (t5    
succe$$4  ,*ildr5 he ?us re/or$ re=m$ to
 _! p>5ts2 sons &  daught]s o!rwise lo/1
 to _! homes2 & _m a return$ convict did
  he contrive to settle d[n to hone/ &  
indu/ri\s pursuits4  ,! task  0 by no   
means easy4  ,x requir$ money1 "t1      
en]gy1 prud5ce1 &  above all1 "*1 & !   
confid5ce :i* "* inv>iably  inspires4   
,! mo/ rem>kable circum/ance 0 t ,wright
 reliev$ _m  ( ^! poor outca/s out ( !  
comp>atively small wages e>n$ by him  at
 f\ndry "w4  ,he did all ?is on an      
income :i* did n av]age1  dur+ 8 work+  

c>e]1 #ajjl4 p] annum2 & yet1 :ile he 0 
able  to be/[ sub/antial aid on         
crim9als1 to :om he ow$ no m ?an !      
s]vice ( k9dness :i* e human be+ owes to
 ano!r1 he also  ma9ta9$ 8 family 9     
com=t1 & 01 by frugality & c>efulness1  
enabl$ to lay by a /ore ( sav+s aga9/ 8 
approa*+ old age4  ,e week he apportion$
 8 income ) delib]ate c>e2 s mu* =  !   
indisp5sable necess>ies ( food & clo?+1 
s mu* = !  l&lord1 s mu* = ! s*oolma/]1 
s mu* = ! poor & ne$y2  & ! l9es (      
di/ribution 7 resolutely obs]v$4  ,by   
su* means  did ?is humble workman pursue
 8 great "w1 ) ! results we h  s briefly
 describ$4  ,inde$1 8 c>e] af=ds "o ( ! 
mo/  rem>kable & /rik+ illu/rations ( ! 
=ce ( purpose 9 a man1  ( ! might (     
small means c>efully & s$ul\sly appli$1 
&1 above  all1 ( ! p[] :i* an en]getic &
 upright "* inv>iably  ex]cises ^u !    
lives & conduct ( o!rs4    ,!re is no   
discr$it1 b hon\r1 9 e "r walk (        
indu/ry1  :e!r x be 9 till+ ! gr\nd1    
mak+ tools1 weav+ fabrics1 or  sell+ !  

products beh9d a c\nt]4  ,a y\? may h&le
 a y>d-/ick1  or measure a piece (      
ribbon2 & !re w be no discr$it 9 do+ s1 
unless he all[s 8 m9d to h no high]     
range ?an ! /ick &  ribbon2 to be z %ort
 z ! "o1 & z n>r[ z ! o!r4  8,let n  ^? 
blu% :o h10 said ,full]1 8b ^? :o h n a 
lawful  call+40  ,& ,bi%op ,hall said1  
8,sweet is ! de/9y ( all trades1  :e!r (
 ! br[ or ( ! m9d40  ,m5 :o h rais$     
!mselves f  a humble call+1 ne$ n be    
a%am$1 b r ought to be pr\d (  !        
difficulties !y h surm\nt$4  ,an        
,am]ican ,presid5t1 :5 ask$  :at 0 8    
coat-(-arms1 rememb]+ t he _h be5 a hew]
 ( wood  9 8 y\?1 repli$1 8,a pair (    
%irt sleeves40  ,a ,fr5* doctor once    
taunt$ ,fle*i]1 ,bi%op ( ,nismes1 :o _h 
be5 a tall[-*&l] 9 8  y\?1 ) ! meanness 
( 8 orig91 to :i* ,fle*i] repli$1 8,if  
y _h be5 born 9 ! same condition t ,i 01
 y w\ld /ill h  be5 b a mak] ( c&les40  
,no?+ is m common ?an en]gy 9           
money-mak+1 q indep5d5t (  any high]    
object ?an its accumulation4  ,a man :o 

devotes himself to  ?is pursuit1 body & 
s\l1 c sc>cely fail to become ri*4  ,v  
little bra9s w d2 sp5d less ?an y e>n2  
add gu9ea to gu9ea2  scrape & save2 & ! 
pile ( gold w gradually rise4  ,o/]wald1
  ! ,p>isian bank]1 began life a poor   
man4  ,he 0 accu/om$ e  ev5+ to dr9k a  
p9t ( be] = supp] at a tav]n :i* he     
visit$1  dur+ :i* he collect$ & pocket$ 
all ! corks t he c\ld lay  8 h&s on4  ,9
 eight ye>s he _h collect$ z _m corks z 
sold =  eight l\is d'ors4  ,) t sum he  
laid ! f\ndations ( 8  =tune--ga9$ mo/ly
 by /ock-jobb+2 leav+ at 8 dea? "s ?ree 
millions ( francs4  ,john ,fo/] has cit$
 a /rik+ illu/ration (  :at ?is k9d (   
det]m9ation w d 9 money-mak+4  ,a "y man
 :o  ran ?r\gh 8 patrimony1 sp5d+ x 9   
pr(ligacy1 0 at l5g?  r$uc$ to utt] want
 & despair4  ,he ru%$ out ( 8 h\se      
int5d+  to put an end to 8 life1 & /opp$
 on arriv+ at an em95ce  ov]look+ :at 7 
once 8 e/ates4  ,he sat d[n1 rum9at$ = a
  "t1 & rose ) ! det]m9ation t he w\ld  
recov] !m4  ,he  return$ to ! /reets1   

saw a load ( coals :i* _h be5 %ot out ( 
a  c>t on to ! pavem5t be=e a h\se1 (f]$
 to c>ry !m 91 & 0  employ$4  ,he ?us   
e>n$ a few p5ce1 reque/$ "s meat & dr9k 
z a  gratuity1 :i* 0 giv5 him1 & !      
p5nies 7 laid by4  ,pursu+  ?is m5ial   
lab\r1 he e>n$ & sav$ m p5nies2         
accumulat$  suffici5t to enable him to  
pur*ase "s cattle1 ! value ( :i* he     
und]/ood1 & ^! he sold to advantage4    
,he proce$$ by degrees to  und]take l>g]
 transactions1 until at l5g? he became  
ri*4  ,!  result 01 t he m ?an recov]$ 8
 possessions1 & di$ an  invet]ate mis]4 
,:5 he 0 buri$1 m]e e>? w5t to e>?4  ,) 
a  nobl] _s1 ! same det]m9ation might h 
enabl$ su* a man to be  a b5efactor to  
o!rs z well z to himself4  ,b ! life &  
its end  9 ?is case 7 alike sordid4     
,to provide = o!rs & = our own com=t &  
indep5d5ce 9 old  age1 is hon\rable1 &  
greatly to be comm5d$2 b to ho>d = m]e  
weal?'s sake is ! *>act]i/ic ( !        
n>r[-s\l$ & ! mis]ly4  ,x is aga9/ !    
gr[? ( ?is habit ( inord9ate sav+ t !   

wise  man ne$s mo/ c>efully to gu>d     
himself3 else1 :at 9 y\? 0 simple       
economy1 may 9 old age gr[ into av>ice1 
& :at 0 a duty 9 ! "o  case1 may become 
a vice 9 ! o!r4  ,x is ! love ( money--n
  money itself--:i* is 8! root (        
evil10--a love :i* n>r[s &  contracts ! 
s\l1 & closes x aga9/ g5]\s life &      
action4  ,h5ce1 ,sir ,walt] ,scott makes
 "o ( 8 *>act]s decl>e t 8!  p5ny sill] 
slew m s\ls ?an ! nak$ sword slew       
bodies40  ,x is  "o ( ! defects (       
bus9ess too exclusively foll[$1 t x     
ins5sibly t5ds to a me*anism ( "*4  ,!  
bus9ess man gets into  a rut1 & (t5 does
 n look beyond x4  ,if he lives =       
himself only1  he becomes apt to reg>d  
o!r human be+s only 9 s f> z !y  m9i/]  
to 8 ends4  ,take a leaf f su* m5's l$g]
 & y h  _! life4    ,worldly success1   
measur$ by ! accumulation ( money1 is no
 d\bt a  v dazzl+ ?+2 & all m5 are      
naturally m or less ! admir]s  ( worldly
 success4  ,b ?\gh m5 ( p]sev]+1 %>p1   
dext]\s1 &  unscrupul\s habits1 ev] on !

 wat* to pu% opportunities1 may & d     
8get on0 9 ! _w1 yet x is q possible t  
!y may n possess  ! slighte/ elevation (
 "*1 nor a p>ticle ( real goodness4  ,he
 :o recognizes no high] logic ?an t ( ! 
%ill+1 may become a  v ri* man1 & yet   
rema9 all ! :ile an exce$+ly poor       
creature4  ,= ri*es are no pro( :atev] (
 moral wor?2 & _! glitt] (t5  s]ves only
 to draw att5tion to ! wor?lessness ( _!
 possessor1 z  ! light ( ! gl[worm      
reveals ! grub4    ,! mann] 9 :i* _m    
all[ !mselves to be sacrific$ to _! love
  ( weal? rem9ds "o ( ! cupidity ( !    
monkey--t c>icature (  our species4  ,9 
,algi]s1 ! ,kabyle peasant atta*es a    
g\rd1 well  fix$1 to a tree1 & places )9
 x "s rice4  ,! g\rd has an  op5+ m]ely 
suffici5t to admit ! monkey's paw4  ,!  
creature comes  to ! tree by night1     
ins]ts 8 paw1 & grasps 8 booty4  ,he    
tries to  draw x back1 b x is cl5*$1 &  
he has n ! wisdom to uncl5*  x4  ,s !re 
he /&s till morn+1 :5 he is caught1     
look+ z  fooli% z may be1 ?\gh ) ! prize

 9 8 grasp4  ,! moral ( ?is  little /ory
 is capable ( a v ext5sive application 9
 life4    ,! p[] ( money is on ! :ole   
ov]-e/imat$4  ,! greate/ ?+s  :i* h be5 
done = ! _w h n be5 accompli%$ by ri*   
m51 nor by subscription li/s1 b by m5   
g5]ally ( small pecuni>y  means4        
,*ri/ianity 0 propagat$ ov] half ! _w by
 m5 ( !  poore/ class2 & ! greate/      
?9k]s1 discov]]s1 inv5tors1 &  arti/s1 h
 be5 m5 ( mod]ate weal?1 _m ( !m little 
rais$  above ! condition ( manual       
lab\r]s 9 po9t ( worldly  circum/ances4 
,& x w always be s4  ,ri*es are (t5] an 
imp$im5t ?an a /imulus to action2 & 9 _m
 cases !y are q z  mu* a mis=tune z a   
bless+4  ,! y\? :o inh]its weal? is apt 
to  h life made too easy = him1 & he    
soon gr[s sat$ ) x1 because  he has no?+
 left to desire4  ,hav+ no special      
object to /ruggle =1  he f9ds "t hang   
heavy on 8 h&s2 he rema9s morally &     
spiritually  asleep2 & 8 position 9     
society is (t5 no high] ?an t ( a       
polypus ov] :i* ! tide floats4          

8,8 only lab\r is to kill ! "t1      ,& 
lab\r dire x is1 & we>y woe40    ,yet ! 
ri* man1 inspir$ by a "r _s1 w spurn    
idl5ess z  unmanly2 & if he be?9k       
himself ( ! responsibilities :i* atta*  
to ! possession ( weal? & prop]ty he w  
feel ev5 a high] call  to "w ?an m5 (   
humbl] lot4  ,?is1 h[ev]1 mu/ be admitt$
 to be  by no means ! practice ( life4  
,! gold5 mean ( ,agur's p]fect  pray]   
is1 p]haps1 ! be/ lot ( all1 did we b "k
 x3 8,give me  nei!r pov]ty nor ri*es2  
fe$ me ) food conv5i5t = me40  ,!  late 
,joseph ,bro!rton1 ,m4,p41 left a f9e   
motto to be record$ ^u 8  monum5t 9 !   
,peel ,p>k at ,man*e/]1--! decl>ation 9 
8 case  be+ /rictly true3 8,my ri*ness  
consi/$ n 9 ! greatness ( my            
possessions1 b 9 ! smallness ( my       
wants40  ,he rose f !  humble/ /ation1 t
 ( a factory boy1 to an em95t position (
  usefulness1 by ! simple ex]cise (     
homely hone/y1 indu/ry1  punctuality1 & 
self-d5ial4  ,d[n to ! close ( 8 life1  
:5 n  att5d+ ,p>liam5t1 he did duty z   

m9i/] 9 a small *apel 9  ,man*e/] to :i*
 he 0 atta*$2 & 9 all ?+s he made x     
appe>1  to ^? :o knew him 9 private     
life1 t ! glory he s\ght 0 n  8to be se5
 ( m510 or to excite _! praise1 b to e>n
 !  consci\sness ( dis*>g+ ! e-day      
duties ( life1 d[n to !  smalle/ &      
humble/ ( !m1 9 an hone/1 upright1      
tru?ful1 &  lov+ _s4                    
8,respectability10 9 its be/ s5se1 is   
good4  ,! respectable man is "o  wor?y (
 reg>d1 lit]ally wor? turn+ to look at4 
,b !  respectability t consi/s 9 m]ely  
keep+ up appe>ances is n  wor? look+ at 
9 any s5se4  ,f> bett] & m respectable  
is !  good poor man ?an ! bad ri*       
"o--bett] ! humble sil5t man ?an !      
agreeable well-appo9t$ rogue :o keeps 8 
gig4  ,a well balanc$ &  well-/or$ m9d1 
a life full ( useful purpose1 :atev] !  
position  occupi$ 9 x may be1 is ( f>   
great] importance ?an av]age worldly    
respectability4  ,! highe/ object ( life
 we take to be1 to =m a  manly "*1 & to 
"w out ! be/ developm5t possible1 ( body

  & _s--( m9d1 consci5ce1 he>t1 & s\l4  
,?is is ! end3 all  else ought to be    
reg>d$ b z ! means4  ,accord+ly1 t is n 
!  mo/ successful life 9 :i* a man gets 
! mo/ pleasure1 ! mo/  money1 ! mo/ p[] 
or place1 hon\r or fame2 b t 9 :i* a man
  gets ! mo/ manhood1 & p]=ms ! greate/ 
am\nt ( useful "w  & ( human duty4      
,money is p[] aft] its sort1 x is true2 
b  intellig5ce1 public _s1 & moral      
virtue1 are p[]s too1 & f>  nobl] ones4 
8,let o!rs plead = p5sions10 wrote ,"l  
,coll+wood to  a fri5d2 8,i c be ri* )\t
 money1 by endeav\r+ to be sup]ior to   
ev]y?+ poor4  ,i w\ld h my s]vices to my
 c\ntry un/a9$ by any  int]e/$ motive2 &
 old ,scott #cac & ,i c g on 9 our      
cabbage-g>d5 )\t mu* great] exp5se ?an  
=m]ly40  ,on ano!r  occasion he said1   
8,i h motives = my conduct :i* ,i w\ld n
 give  9 ex*ange = a hundr$ p5sions40   
,! mak+ ( a =tune may no d\bt enable "s 
p to 8ent]  society10 z x is call$2 b to
 be e/eem$ !re1 !y mu/ possess          
qualities ( m9d1 mann]s1 or he>t1 else  

!y are m]ely ri* p1  no?+ m4  ,!re are  
m5 89 society0 n[1 z ri* z ,croesus1 :o 
h no consid]ation ext5d$ t[>ds !m1 &    
elicit no respect4  ,=  :y8  ,!y are b z
 money-bags3 _! only p[] is 9 _! till4  
,!  m5 ( m>k 9 society--! guides & rul]s
 ( op9ion--! really  successful & useful
 m5--are n necess>ily ri* m52 b m5 (    
/]l+ "*1 ( discipl9$ exp]i5ce1 & ( moral
 excell5ce4  ,ev5 ! poor man1 l ,?omas  
,wright1 ?\gh he possess b little (  ?is
 _w's goods1 may1 9 ! enjoym5t ( a      
cultivat$ nature1 (  opportunities us$ &
 n abus$1 ( a life sp5t to ! be/ ( 8    
means & ability1 look d[n1 )\t !        
slighte/ feel+ ( envy1 ^u  ! p]son ( m]e
 worldly success1 ! man ( money-bags &  
acres4          ,,*apt] ,,xi4           
,,self-,,culture--,,facilities ,,&      
,,difficulties4          8,e p]son has  
two educations1 "o :i* he receives f    
o!rs1      & "o1 m important1 :i* he    
gives to himself40--,gibbon4        8,is
 !re "o :om difficulties di%e>t5--:o    
b5ds to ! /orm8      ,he w d little4    

,is !re "o :o w conqu]8  ,t k9d ( man   
nev] fails40--,john ,hunt]4        8,!  
wise & active conqu] difficulties1      
,by d>+ to attempt !m3 slo? & folly     
,%iv] & %r9k at sight ( toil & dang]1   
,& make ! impossibility !y fe>40--,r[e4 
8,,! be/ "p ( e man's education10 said  
,sir ,walt] ,scott1 8is t  :i* he gives 
to himself40  ,! late ,sir ,b5jam9      
,brodie delight$ to  rememb] ?is say+1 &
 he us$ to congratulate himself on !    
fact  t pr(essionally he 0 self-taught4 
,b ?is is necess>ily ! case  ) all m5 :o
 h acquir$ di/9ction 9 lett]s1 sci5ce1  
or art4  ,! education receiv$ at s*ool  
or college is b a beg9n+1 & is  valuable
 ma9ly inasmu* z x tra9s ! m9d &        
habituates x to  cont9u\s application & 
/udy4  ,t :i* is put into u by o!rs is  
always f> less ours ?an t :i* we acquire
 by our own dilig5t &  p]sev]+ ef=t4  ,k
 conqu]$ by lab\r becomes a             
possession--a  prop]ty entirely our own4
  ,a great] vividness & p]man5cy (      
impression is secur$2 & facts ?us       

acquir$ become regi/]$ 9 !  m9d 9 a way 
t m]e imp>t$ in=mation c nev] effect4   
,?is k9d  ( self-culture also calls =?  
p[] & cultivates /r5g?4  ,!  solution ( 
"o problem helps ! ma/]y ( ano!r2 & ?us 
k  is c>ri$ into faculty4  ,our own     
active ef=t is ! ess5tial ?+2  & no     
facilities1 no books1 no tea*]s1 no     
am\nt ( lessons le>nt by  rote w enable 
u to disp5se ) x4    ,! be/ tea*]s h be5
 ! readie/ to recognize ! importance (  
self-culture1 & ( /imulat+ ! /ud5t to   
acquire k by !  active ex]cise ( 8 own  
faculties4  ,!y h reli$ m ^u  tra9+ ?an 
^u tell+1 & s\ght to make _! pupils     
!mselves  active p>ties to ! "w 9 :i* !y
 7 engag$2 ?us mak+  tea*+ some?+ f>    
high] ?an ! m]e passive reception ( !   
scraps & details ( k4  ,?is 0 ! _s 9 :i*
 ! great  ,dr4 ,arnold work$2 he /rove  
to tea* 8 pupils to rely ^u !mselves1  &
 develop _! p[]s by _! own active ef=ts1
 himself m]ely  guid+1 direct+1         
/imulat+1 & enc\rag+ !m4  8,i w\ld f>   
r10 he said1 8s5d a boy to ,van ,diem5's

 ,l&1 :]e he mu/ "w  = 8 bread1 ?an s5d 
him to ,ox=d to live 9 luxury1 )\t any  
desire 9 8 m9d to avail himself ( 8     
advantages40  8,if !re be "o  ?+ on     
e>?10 he obs]v$ on ano!r occasion1 8:i* 
is truly  admirable1 x is to see ,god's 
wisdom bless+ an inf]iority ( natural   
p[]s1 :5 !y h be5 hone/ly1 truly1 &     
zeal\sly cultivat$40  ,speak+ ( a pupil 
( ?is "*1 he said1 8,i w\ld /& to t  man
 hat 9 h&40  ,once at ,laleham1 :5 tea*+
 a r dull boy1  ,arnold spoke some:at   
%>ply to him1 on :i* ! pupil look$ up 9 
8  face & said1 8,:y d y speak angrily1 
sir8 inde$1 ,i am do+ !  be/ ,i c40     
,ye>s aft]w>ds1 ,arnold us$ to tell !   
/ory to 8  *ildr51 & add$1 8,i nev] felt
 s mu* 9 my life--t look & t  spee* ,i h
 nev] =gott540    ,f ! num]\s in/ances  
already cit$ ( m5 ( humble /ation :o  h 
ris5 to di/9ction 9 sci5ce & lit]ature1 
x w be obvi\s  t lab\r is by no means   
incompatible ) ! highe/ intellectual    
culture4  ,"w 9 mod]ation is heal?y1 z  
well z agreeable to !  human            

con/itution4  ,"w educates ! body1 z    
/udy educates ! m9d2  & t is ! be/ /ate 
( society 9 :i* !re is "s "w =  e man's 
leisure1 & "s leisure = e man's "w4     
,ev5 !  leisure classes are 9 a measure 
compell$ to "w1 sometimes z a relief  f 
ennui1 b 9 mo/ cases to gratify an      
in/9ct :i* !y _c  resi/4  ,"s g foxhunt+
 9 ! ,engli% c\nties1 o!rs  gr\se-%oot+ 
on ! ,scot* hills1 :ile _m w&] away e   
summ]  to climb m\nta9s 9 ,switz]l&4    
,h5ce ! boat+1 runn+1  cricket+1 &      
a?letic sports ( ! public s*ools1 9 :i* 
our "y  m5 at ! same "t s heal?fully    
cultivate _! /r5g? bo? ( m9d  & body4   
,x is said t ! ,duke ( ,well+ton1 :5    
once look+ on  at ! boys engag$ 9 _!    
sports 9 ! play-gr\nd at ,eton1 :]e he  
_h sp5t _m ( 8 own y\ng] days1 made !   
rem>k1 8,x 0 !re  t ! battle ( ,wat]loo 
0 won60    ,daniel ,mal?us urg$ 8 son :5
 at college to be mo/ dilig5t 9 !       
cultivation ( k1 b he also enjo9$ him to
 pursue manly sports  z ! be/ means (   
keep+ up ! full work+ p[] ( 8 m9d1 z    

well z ( enjoy+ ! pleasures ( intellect4
  8,e k9d (  k10 said he1 8e acqua9tance
 ) nature & art1 w amuse  & /r5g!n y\r  
m9d1 & ,i am p]fectly pleas$ t cricket  
%\ld  d ! same by y\r arms & legs2 ,i   
love to see y excel 9 ex]cises  ( !     
body1 & ,i ?9k myself t ! bett] half1 & 
mu* ! mo/  agreeable "p1 ( ! pleasures (
 ! m9d is be/ enjoy$ :ile "o is  ^u "o's
 legs40  ,b a /ill m important use (    
active employm5t is  t ref]r$ to by !   
great div9e1 ,j]emy ,taylor4  8,avoid   
idl5ess10  he says1 8& fill up all !    
spaces ( ?y "t ) sev]e & useful         
employm5t2 = lu/ easily creeps 9 at ^?  
empt9esses :]e ! s\l  is unemploy$ & !  
body is at ease2 = no easy1 heal?ful1   
idle  p]son 0 ev] *a/e if he c\ld be    
tempt$2 b ( all employm5ts  bodily lab\r
 is ! mo/ useful1 & ( ! greate/ b5efit =
 driv+  away ! devil40    ,practical    
success 9 life dep5ds m ^u physical     
heal? ?an is  g5]ally imag9$4  ,hodson1 
( ,hodson's ,horse1 writ+ home to a     
fri5d  9 ,engl&1 said1 8,i believe1 if  

,i get on well 9 ,india1 x w be  ow+1   
physically speak+1 to a s\nd dige/ion40 
,! capacity =  cont9u\s work+ 9 any     
call+ mu/ necess>ily dep5d 9 a great    
measure ^u ?is2 & h5ce ! necessity =    
att5d+ to heal?1 ev5  z a means (       
intellectual lab\r4  ,x is p]haps to !  
neglect (  physical ex]cise t we f9d    
among/ /ud5ts s frequ5t a t5d5cy  t[>ds 
discont5t1 unhapp9ess1 inaction1 &      
rev]ie1--display+ itself  9 contempt =  
real life & disgu/ at ! beat5 tracks (  
m51--a  t5d5cy :i* 9 ,engl& has be5     
call$ ,byronism1 & 9 ,g]many  ,w]!rism4 
,dr4 ,*ann+ not$ ! same gr[? 9 ,am]ica1 
:i* l$ him  to make ! rem>k1 t 8too _m (
 our "y m5 gr[ up 9 a s*ool  ( despair40
  ,! only rem$y = ?is gre5-sickness 9   
y\? is  physical ex]cise--action1 "w1 & 
bodily occupation4    ,! use ( e>ly     
lab\r 9 self-impos$ me*anical employm5ts
 may be  illu/rat$ by ! boyhood ( ,sir  
,isaac ,newton4  ,?\gh a comp>atively   
dull s*ol>1 he 0 v assidu\s 9 ! use ( 8 
saw1 hamm]1 &  hat*et--8knock+ & hamm]+ 

9 8 lodg+ room0--mak+ models (          
w9dmills1 c>riages1 & ma*9es ( all      
sorts2 & z he grew old]1 he  took       
delight 9 mak+ little tables & cupbo>ds 
= 8 fri5ds4  ,smeaton1 ,watt1 &         
,/eph5son1 7 equally h&y ) tools :5 m]e 
boys2 & b = su* k9d ( self-culture 9 _! 
y\?1 x is  d\btful :e!r !y w\ld h       
accompli%$ s mu* 9 _! manhood4  ,su* 0  
also ! e>ly tra9+ ( ! great inv5tors &  
me*anics  describ$ 9 ! prec$+ pages1 ^: 
contrivance & intellig5ce 7  practically
 tra9$ by ! con/ant use ( _! h&s 9 e>ly 
life4  ,ev5 :]e m5 belong+ to ! manual  
lab\r class h ris5 above x1  & become m 
purely intellectual lab\r]s1 !y h f\nd !
  advantages ( _! e>ly tra9+ 9 _! lat]  
pursuits4  ,elihu  ,burritt says he f\nd
 h>d lab\r necess>y to enable him to    
/udy )  effect2 & m ?an once he gave up 
s*ool-tea*+ & /udy1 &1  tak+ to 8       
lea!r-apron aga91 w5t back to 8         
blacksmi?'s =ge  & anvil = 8 heal? (    
body & m9d's sake4    ,! tra9+ ( "y m5 9
 ! use ( tools w\ld1 at ! same "t  t x  

educat$ !m 9 8common ?+s10 tea* !m ! use
 ( _!  h&s & arms1 famili>ize !m )      
heal?y "w1 ex]cise _!  faculties ^u ?+s 
tangible & actual1 give !m "s practical 
acqua9tance ) me*anics1 imp>t to !m !   
ability ( be+ useful1  & implant 9 !m ! 
habit ( p]sev]+ physical ef=t4  ,?is is 
an  advantage :i* ! work+ classes1      
/rictly s call$1 c]ta9ly  possess ov] ! 
leisure classes1--t !y are 9 e>ly life  
"u !  necessity ( apply+ !mselves       
labori\sly to "s me*anical pursuit  or  
o!r1--?us acquir+ manual dext]ity & !   
use ( _! physical  p[]s4  ,! *ief       
disadvantage atta*$ to ! call+ ( !      
labori\s  classes is1 n t !y are employ$
 9 physical "w1 b t !y  are too         
exclusively s employ$1 (t5 to ! neglect 
( _! moral &  intellectual faculties4   
,:ile ! y\?s ( ! leisure classes1 hav+  
be5 taught to associate lab\r )         
s]vility1 h %unn$ x1 & be5  all[$ to gr[
 up practically ignorant1 ! poor]       
classes1 conf9+  !mselves )9 ! circle ( 
_! labori\s call+s1 h be5  all[$ to gr[ 

up 9 a l>ge proportion ( cases          
absolutely illit]ate4  ,x seems         
possible1 h[ev]1 to avoid bo? ^! evils  
by comb9+  physical tra9+ or physical "w
 ) intellectual culture3 & !re  are     
v>i\s signs abroad :i* seem to m>k !    
gradual adoption ( ?is  heal?i] sy/em ( 
education4    ,! success ( ev5          
pr(essional m5 dep5ds 9 no slight degree
 on _!  physical heal?2 & a public writ]
 has gone s f> z to say t 8!  greatness 
( our great m5 is q z mu* a bodily      
affair z a m5tal  "o40 #cai  ,a heal?y  
brea?+ app>atus is z indisp5sable to !  
successful lawy] or politician z a      
well-cultur$ intellect4  ,!  ?or\gh     
aration ( ! blood by free exposure to a 
l>ge brea?+  surface 9 ! lungs1 is      
necess>y to ma9ta9 t full vital p[] on  
:i* ! vigor\s work+ ( ! bra9 9 s l>ge a 
measure dep5ds4  ,! lawy] has to climb !
 heights ( 8 pr(ession ?r\gh close &    
heat$ c\rts1 & ! political lead] has to 
be> ! fatigue &  excitem5t ( long &     
anxi\s debates 9 a cr[d$ ,h\se4  ,h5ce !

  lawy] 9 full practice & ! p>liam5t>y  
lead] 9 full "w are  call$ ^u to display
 p[]s ( physical endurance & activity   
ev5  m extraord9>y ?an ^? ( !           
intellect1--su* p[]s z h be5  exhibit$ 9
 s rem>kable a degree by ,br\gham1      
,lyndhur/1 & ,campbell2  by ,peel1      
,graham1 & ,palm]/on--all full-*e/$ m54 
,?\gh ,sir ,walt] ,scott1 :5 at         
,ed9burgh ,college1 w5t by ! "n (  8,!  
,greek ,blockhead10 he 01 not)/&+ 8     
lam5ess1 a rem>kably  heal?y y\?3 he    
c\ld spe> a salmon ) ! be/ fi%] on !    
,twe$1  & ride a wild horse ) any hunt] 
9 ,y>r[4  ,:5 devot+ himself  9 aft]    
life to lit]>y pursuits1 ,sir ,walt]    
nev] lo/ 8 ta/e =  field sports2 b :ile 
writ+ #8,wav]ley' 9 ! morn+1 he w\ld 9  
! aft]noon c\rse h>es4  ,pr(essor       
,wilson 0 a v a?lete1 z  great at ?r[+ !
 hamm] z 9 8 flights ( eloqu5ce &       
poetry2  & ,burns1 :5 a y\?1 0 rem>kable
 *iefly = 8 leap+1 putt+1  & wre/l+4    
,"s ( our greate/ div9es 7 di/+ui%$ 9 _!
  y\? = _! physical en]gies4  ,isaac    

,b>r[1 :5 at !  ,*>t]h\se ,s*ool1 0     
notori\s = 8 pugili/ic enc\nt]s1 9  :i* 
he got _m a bloody nose2 ,&rew ,full]1  
:5 work+ z a  f>m]'s lad at ,soham1 0   
*iefly fam\s = 8 skill 9 box+2 &  ,adam 
,cl>ke1 :5 a boy1 0 only rem>kable = !  
/r5g? display$  by him 9 8roll+ l>ge    
/ones ab\t10--! secret1 possibly1 ( "s (
  ! p[] :i* he subsequ5tly display$ 9   
roll+ =? l>ge ?\ghts  9 8 manhood4      
,:ile x is necess>y1 !n1 9 ! fir/ place 
to secure ?is solid  f\ndation (        
physical heal?1 x mu/ also be obs]v$ t !
  cultivation ( ! habit ( m5tal         
application is q indisp5sable =  !      
education ( ! /ud5t4  ,! maxim t 8,lab\r
 conqu]s all  ?+s0 holds especially true
 9 ! case ( ! conque/ ( k4  ,! road into
 le>n+ is alike free to all :o w give ! 
lab\r &  ! /udy requisite to ga!r x2 nor
 are !re any difficulties s great  t !  
/ud5t ( resolute purpose may n surm\nt &
 ov]come !m4  ,x 0 "o ( ! *>act]i/ic    
expressions ( ,*att]ton1 t ,god _h  s5t 
8 creatures into ! _w ) arms long en\gh 

to rea* any?+  if !y *ose to be at !    
tr\ble4  ,9 /udy1 z 9 bus9ess1 en]gy is 
! great ?+4  ,!re mu/ be ! 8f]vet opus03
 we mu/ n only  /rike ! iron :ile x is  
hot1 b /rike x till x is made hot4  ,x  
is a/oni%+ h[ mu* may be accompli%$ 9   
self-culture by !  en]getic & ! p]sev]+1
 :o are c>eful to avail !mselves (      
opportunities1 & use up ! fragm5ts (    
sp>e "t :i* ! idle  p]mit to run to     
wa/e4  ,?us ,f]guson le>nt a/ronomy f ! 
heav5s1  :ile wrapt 9 a %eep-sk9 on !   
highl& hills4  ,?us ,/one le>nt         
ma!matics :ile work+ z a j\rneyman      
g>d5]2 ?us ,drew /udi$ !  highe/        
philosophy 9 ! int]vals ( cobbl+ %oes2 &
 ?us ,mill]  taught himself geology :ile
 work+ z a day lab\r] 9 a qu>ry4    ,sir
 ,jo%ua ,reynolds1 z we h already       
obs]v$1 0 s e>ne/ a  believ] 9 ! =ce (  
indu/ry t he held t all m5 might a*ieve 
excell5ce if !y w\ld b ex]cise ! p[] (  
assidu\s & pati5t  work+4  ,he held t   
drudg]y lay on ! road to g5ius1 & t !re 
0 no limit to ! pr(ici5cy ( an arti/    

except ! limit ( 8 own  pa9/ak+4  ,he   
w\ld n believe 9 :at is call$           
inspiration1 b  only 9 /udy & lab\r4    
8,excell5ce10 he said1 8is nev] grant$  
to  man b z ! rew>d ( lab\r40  8,if y h 
great tal5ts1 indu/ry  w improve !m2 if 
y h b mod]ate abilities1 indu/ry w      
supply _! defici5cy4  ,no?+ is d5i$ to  
well-direct$ lab\r2  no?+ is to be      
obta9$ )\t x40  ,sir ,f[ell ,buxton 0 an
 equal  believ] 9 ! p[] ( /udy2 & he    
ent]ta9$ ! mode/ idea t  he c\ld d z    
well z o!r m5 if he devot$ to ! pursuit 
d\ble !  "t & lab\r t !y did4  ,he plac$
 8 great confid5ce 9  ord9>y means &    
extraord9>y application4    8,i h kn[n  
sev]al m5 9 my life10 says ,dr4 ,ross1  
8:o may be  recogniz$ 9 days to come z  
m5 ( g5ius1 & !y 7 all plodd]s1         
h>d-work+1 int5t m54  ,g5ius is kn[n by 
its works2 g5ius )\t  works is a bl9d   
fai?1 a dumb oracle4  ,b m]itori\s works
 are !  result ( "t & lab\r1 & _c be    
accompli%$ by int5tion or by  a wi%4 4 4
 4 ,e great "w is ! result ( va/        

prep>atory  tra9+4  ,facility comes by  
lab\r4  ,no?+ seems easy1 n ev5  walk+1 
t 0 n difficult at fir/4  ,! orator ^:  
eye fla%es  in/antane\s fire1 & ^: lips 
p\r out a flood ( noble ?\ghts1  />tl+  
by _! unexpect$ness1 & elevat+ by _!    
wisdom &  tru?1 has le>n$ 8 secret by   
pati5t repetition1 & aft] _m  bitt]     
disappo9tm5ts40 #cba    ,?or\ghness &   
accuracy are two pr9cipal po9ts to be   
aim$ at 9  /udy4  ,francis ,horn]1 9    
lay+ d[n rules = ! cultivation ( 8  m9d1
 plac$ great /ress ^u ! habit ( cont9u\s
 application to "o  subject = ! sake (  
ma/]+ x ?or\ghly2 he conf9$ himself1  ) 
?is object1 to only a few books1 &      
resi/$ ) ! greate/  firmness 8e approa* 
to a habit ( desultory read+40  ,! value
 (  k to any man consi/s n 9 its        
quantity1 b ma9ly 9 ! good  uses to :i* 
he c apply x4  ,h5ce a little k1 ( an   
exact &  p]fect "*1 is always f\nd m    
valuable = practical purposes  ?an any  
ext5t ( sup]ficial le>n+4    ,"o (      
,ignatius ,loyola's maxims 01 8,he :o   

does well "o "w at a  "t1 does m ?an    
all40  ,by spread+ our ef=ts ov] too    
l>ge a  surface we inevitably weak5 our 
=ce1 h9d] our progress1 & acquire  a    
habit ( fitfulness & ineffective work+4 
,"l ,/4 ,leon>ds once  communicat$ to   
,sir ,f[ell ,buxton ! mode 9 :i* he _h  
conduct$ 8  /udies1 & ?us expla9$ !     
secret ( 8 success4  8,i resolv$10  said
 he1 8:5 beg9n+ to read law1 to make    
ev]y?+ ,i acquir$  p]fectly my own1 &   
nev] to g to a second ?+ till ,i _h     
entirely  accompli%$ ! fir/4  ,_m ( my  
competitors read z mu* 9 a day z  ,i    
read 9 a week2 b1 at ! end ( twelve     
mon?s1 my k 0 z  fre% z ! day x 0       
acquir$1 :ile !irs _h glid$ away f      
recollection40    ,x is n ! quantity (  
/udy t "o gets ?r\gh1 or ! am\nt (      
read+1 t makes a wise man2 b !          
apposit5ess ( ! /udy to !  purpose = :i*
 x is pursu$2 ! conc5tration ( ! m9d = !
  "t be+ on ! subject "u consid]ation2 &
 ! habitual  discipl9e by :i* ! :ole    
sy/em ( m5tal application is regulat$4  

,ab]ne?y 0 ev5 ( op9ion t !re 0 a po9t (
 saturation 9 8  own m9d1 & t if he took
 into x some?+ m ?an x c\ld hold1  x    
only _h ! effect ( pu%+ some?+ else out4
  ,speak+ ( !  /udy ( m$ic9e1 he said1  
8,if a man has a cle> idea ( :at he     
desires  to d1 he w seldom fail 9       
select+ ! prop] means ( accompli%+  x40 
,! mo/ pr(itable /udy is t :i* is       
conduct$ ) a def9ite aim  & object4  ,by
 ?or\ghly ma/]+ any giv5 bran* ( k we   
r5d] x m available = use at any mom5t4  
,h5ce x is n en\gh  m]ely to h books1 or
 to "k :]e to read = in=mation z we want
  x4  ,practical wisdom1 = ! purposes ( 
life1 mu/ be c>ri$ ab\t  ) u1 & be ready
 = use at call4  ,x is n suffici5t t we 
h  a fund laid up at home1 b n a f>?+ 9 
! pocket3 we mu/ c>ry  ab\t ) u a /ore (
 ! curr5t co9 ( k ready = ex*ange  on   
all occasions1 else we are comp>atively 
helpless :5 ! opportunity  = us+ x      
occurs4    ,decision & promptitude are z
 requisite 9 self-culture z 9 bus9ess4  
,! gr[? ( ^! qualities may be enc\rag$  

by accu/om+ "y  p to rely ^u _! own     
res\rces1 leav+ !m to enjoy z mu*       
fre$om ( action 9 e>ly life z is        
practicable4  ,too mu* guidance &       
re/ra9t h9d] ! =mation ( habits (       
self-help4  ,!y are l  bladd]s ti$ "u ! 
arms ( "o :o has n taught himself to    
swim4  ,want ( confid5ce is p]haps a    
great] ob/acle to improvem5t ?an is     
g5]ally imag9$4  ,x has be5 said t half 
! failures 9 life  arise f pull+ 9 "o's 
horse :ile he is leap+4  ,dr4 ,johnson 0
  accu/om$ to attribute 8 success to    
confid5ce 9 8 own p[]s4  ,true mode/y is
 q compatible ) a due e/imate ( "o's own
 m]its1  & does n dem& ! abnegation (   
all m]it4  ,?\gh !re are ^?  :o deceive 
!mselves by putt+ a false figure be=e _!
 ciph]s1  ! want ( confid5ce1 ! want (  
fai? 9 "o's self1 & consequ5tly  ! want 
( promptitude 9 action1 is a defect ( "*
 :i* is  f\nd to /& v mu* 9 ! way (     
individual progress2 & !  reason :y s   
little is done1 is g5]ally because s    
little is  attempt$4    ,!re is usually 

no want ( desire on ! "p ( mo/ p]sons to
 arrive  at ! results ( self-culture1 b 
!re is a great av]sion to pay !         
inevitable price = x1 ( h>d "w4  ,dr4   
,johnson held t 8impati5ce  ( /udy 0 !  
m5tal disease ( ! pres5t g5]ation20 & ! 
rem>k is /ill applicable4  ,we may n    
believe t !re is a royal  road to le>n+1
 b we seem to believe v firmly 9 a      
8popul>0 "o4  ,9 education1 we inv5t    
lab\r-sav+ processes1 seek %ort cuts to 
sci5ce1 le>n ,fr5* & ,lat9 89 twelve    
lessons10 or 8)\t a  ma/]40  ,we        
resemble ! lady ( fa%ion1 :o engag$ a   
ma/] to tea*  h] on condition t he did n
 plague h] ) v]bs & p>ticiples4  ,we get
 our smatt]+ ( sci5ce 9 ! same way2 we  
le>n *emi/ry by  li/5+ to a %ort c\rse (
 lectures enliv5$ by exp]im5ts1 &  :5 we
 h inhal$ laugh+ gas1 se5 gre5 wat]     
turn$ to r$1 &  phosphorus burnt 9      
oxyg51 we h got our smatt]+1 ( :i* ! mo/
  t c be said is1 t ?\gh x may be bett] 
?an no?+1 x is yet  good = no?+4  ,?us  
we (t5 imag9e we are be+ educat$ :ile we

  are only be+ amus$4    ,! facility )  
:i* "y p are ?us induc$ to acquire  k1  
)\t /udy & lab\r1 is n education4  ,x   
occupies b  does n enri* ! m9d4  ,x     
imp>ts a /imulus = ! "t1 &  produces a  
sort ( intellectual ke5ness & clev]ness2
 b1 )\t an  implant$ purpose & a high]  
object ?an m]e pleasure1 x w br+  ) x no
 solid advantage4  ,9 su* cases k       
produces b a  pass+ impression2 a       
s5sation1 b no m2 x is1 9 fact1 ! m]e/  
epicurism ( intellig5ce--s5su\s1 b      
c]ta9ly n intellectual4  ,?us  ! be/    
qualities ( _m m9ds1 ^? :i* are evok$ by
 vigor\s  ef=t & indep5d5t action1 sleep
 a deep sleep1 & are (t5 nev]  call$ to 
life1 except by ! r\gh awak5+ ( sudd5   
calamity or  suff]+1 :i*1 9 su* cases1  
comes z a bless+1 if x s]ves to  r\se up
 a c\rage\s _s t1 b = x1 w\ld h slept   
on4    ,accu/om$ to acquire in=mation "u
 ! guise ( amusem5t1 "y  p w soon reject
 t :i* is pres5t$ to !m "u ! aspect  (  
/udy & lab\r4  ,le>n+ _! k & sci5ce 9   
sport1 !y  w be too apt to make sport ( 

bo?2 :ile ! habit ( intellectual        
dissipation1 ?us eng5d]$1 _c fail1 9    
c\rse ( "t1 to produce  a ?or\ghly      
emasculat+ effect bo? ^u _! m9d & "*4   
8,multif>i\s read+10 said ,rob]tson (   
,brighton1 8weak5s ! m9d  l smok+1 & is 
an excuse = its ly+ dormant4  ,x is !   
idle/  ( all idl5esses1 & leaves m (    
impot5cy ?an any o!r40    ,! evil is a  
gr[+ "o1 & op]ates 9 v>i\s ways4  ,its  
lea/  mis*ief is %all[ness2 its greate/1
 ! av]sion to /eady lab\r  :i* x        
induces1 & ! l[ & feeble tone ( m9d :i* 
x  enc\rages4  ,if we w\ld be really    
wise1 we mu/ dilig5tly apply  ourselves1
 & confront ! same cont9u\s application 
:i* our  =efa!rs did2 = lab\r is /ill1 &
 ev] w be1 ! inevitable  price set ^u   
ev]y?+ :i* is valuable4  ,we mu/ be     
satisfi$ to  "w ) a purpose1 & wait !   
results ) pati5ce4  ,all progress1  ( ! 
be/ k9d1 is sl[2 b to him :o works      
fai?fully & zeal\sly  ! rew>d w1        
d\btless1 be v\*saf$ 9 good "t4  ,! _s (
  indu/ry1 embodi$ 9 a man's daily life1

 w gradually lead him to  ex]cise 8 p[]s
 on objects outside himself1 ( great]   
dignity &  m ext5d$ usefulness4  ,& /ill
 we mu/ lab\r on2 = ! "w (  self-culture
 is nev] f9i%$4  8,to be employ$10 said 
! poet ,gray1  8is to be happy40  8,x is
 bett] to we> out ?an ru/ out10 said    
,bi%op  ,cumb]l&4  8,h we n all et]nity 
to re/ 980 exclaim$ ,arnauld4  8,repos  
ailleurs0 0 ! motto ( ,m>nix de ,/4     
,aldegonde1 ! en]getic  & ev]-work+     
fri5d ( ,william ! ,sil5t4    ,x is !   
use we make ( ! p[]s entru/$ to u1 :i*  
con/itutes  our only j claim to respect4
  ,he :o employs 8 "o tal5t aright is  z
 mu* to be hon\r$ z he to :om t5 tal5ts 
h be5 giv54  ,!re  is really no m       
p]sonal m]it atta*+ to ! possession (   
sup]ior  intellectual p[]s ?an !re is 9 
! succession to a l>ge e/ate4  ,h[ are  
^? p[]s us$--h[ is t e/ate employ$8  ,! 
m9d may  accumulate l>ge /ores ( k )\t  
any useful purpose2 b !  k mu/ be alli$ 
to goodness & wisdom1 & embodi$ 9       
upright  "*1 else x is naught4          

,pe/alozzi ev5 held intellectual tra9+  
by itself to be p]nici\s2 insi/+ t !    
roots ( all k  mu/ /rike & fe$ 9 ! soil 
( ! rightly-gov]n$ w4  ,!  acquisition (
 k may1 x is true1 protect a man aga9/ !
  mean] felonies ( life2 b n 9 any      
degree aga9/ its selfi% vices1  unless  
=tifi$ by s\nd pr9ciples & habits4      
,h5ce d we f9d 9  daily life s _m       
in/ances ( m5 :o are well-in=m$ 9       
intellect1  b utt]ly de=m$ 9 "*2 fill$ )
 ! le>n+ ( !  s*ools1 yet possess+      
little practical wisdom1 & (f]+ examples
  = w>n+ r ?an imitation4  ,an (t5 quot$
 expression at ?is  day is t 8,k is     
p[]20 b s also are fanaticism1          
despotism1  & ambition4  ,k ( itself1   
unless wisely direct$1 might m]ely  make
 bad m5 m dang]\s1 & ! society 9 :i* x 0
 reg>d$ z  ! highe/ good1 little bett]  
?an a p&emonium4    ,x is possible t at 
?is day we may ev5 exagg]ate !          
importance (  lit]>y culture4  ,we are  
apt to imag9e t because we possess _m   
libr>ies1 in/itutes1 & museums1 we are  

mak+ great progress4  ,b  su* facilities
 may z (t5 be a h9drance z a help to    
individual  self-culture ( ! highe/ k9d4
  ,! possession ( a libr>y1 or !  free  
use ( x1 no m con/itutes le>n+1 ?an !   
possession (  weal? con/itutes g5]osity4
  ,?\gh we und\bt$ly possess great      
facilities x is nev]!less true1 z ( old1
 t wisdom &  und]/&+ c only become !    
possession ( individual m5 by  travell+ 
! old road ( obs]vation1 att5tion1      
p]sev]ance1 &  indu/ry4  ,! possession (
 ! m]e mat]ials ( k is some?+  v diff]5t
 f wisdom & und]/&+1 :i* are rea*$ ?r\gh
 a  high] k9d ( discipl9e ?an t (       
read+1--:i* is (t5 b a m]e  passive     
reception ( o!r m5's ?\ghts2 !re be+    
little or no  active ef=t ( m9d 9 !     
transaction4  ,!n h[ mu* ( our read+  is
 b ! indulg5ce ( a sort ( intellectual  
dram-dr9k+1 imp>t+  a grateful excitem5t
 = ! mom5t1 )\t ! slighte/ effect 9     
improv+ & enri*+ ! m9d or build+ up !   
"*4  ,?us _m  indulge !mselves 9 !      
conceit t !y are cultivat+ _! m9ds1  :5 

!y are only employ$ 9 ! humbl]          
occupation ( kill+ "t1 (  :i* p]haps !  
be/ t c be said is t x keeps !m f do+   
worse ?+s4    ,x is also to be borne 9  
m9d t ! exp]i5ce ga!r$ f books1  ?\gh   
(t5 valuable1 is b ( ! nature ( le>n+2  
:]eas !  exp]i5ce ga9$ f actual life is 
( ! nature ( wisdom2 & a  small /ore ( !
 latt] is wor? va/ly m ?an any /ock ( ! 
=m]4  ,"l ,bol+broke truly said t       
8,:atev] /udy t5ds nei!r  directly nor  
indirectly to make u bett] m5 & citiz5s1
 is at be/  b a speci\s & +5i\s sort (  
idl5ess1 & ! k we  acquire by x1 only a 
cr$itable k9d ( ignorance--no?+ m40     
,useful & in/ructive ?\gh good read+ may
 be1 x is yet only "o  mode ( cultivat+ 
! m9d2 & is mu* less influ5tial ?an     
practical  exp]i5ce & good example 9 !  
=mation ( "*4  ,!re 7  wise1 valiant1 & 
true-he>t$ m5 br$ 9 ,engl&1 long be=e ! 
exi/5ce ( a read+ public4  ,magna ,*>ta 
0 secur$ by m5 :o  sign$ ! de$ ) _!     
m>ks4  ,?\gh altoge!r unskill$ 9 ! art  
( deciph]+ ! lit]>y signs by :i*        

pr9ciples 7 d5om9at$  ^u pap]1 !y yet   
und]/ood & appreciat$1 & boldly cont5d$ 
=1 ! ?+s !mselves4  ,?us ! f\ndations ( 
,engli% lib]ty 7  laid by m51 :o1 ?\gh  
illit]ate1 7 nev]!less ( ! v  highe/    
/amp ( "*4  ,& x mu/ be admitt$ t ! *ief
  object ( culture is1 n m]ely to fill !
 m9d ) o!r m5's  ?\ghts1 & to be !      
passive recipi5t ( _! impressions ( ?+s1
  b to enl>ge our individual            
intellig5ce1 & r5d] u m useful &        
effici5t work]s 9 ! sph]e ( life to :i* 
we may be call$4  ,_m  ( our mo/        
en]getic & useful work]s h be5 b sp>+   
read]s4  ,br9dley & ,/eph5son did n le>n
 to read & write until !y  rea*$        
manhood1 & yet !y did great works & liv$
 manly lives2 ,john  ,hunt] c\ld b>ely  
read or write :5 he 0 tw5ty ye>s old1   
?\gh he  c\ld make tables & *airs ) any 
c>p5t] 9 ! trade4  8,i nev]  read10 said
 ! great physiologi/ :5 lectur+ be=e 8  
class2  8?is0--po9t+ to "s "p ( !       
subject be=e him--8?is is ! "w  t y mu/ 
/udy if y wi% to become em95t 9 y\r     

pr(ession40  ,:5 told t "o ( 8          
contempor>ies _h *>g$ him ) be+         
ignorant ( ! dead languages1 he said1   
8,i w\ld und]take to tea* him  t on !   
dead body :i* he nev] knew 9 any        
language1 dead or  liv+40    ,x is n !n 
h[ mu* a man may "k1 t is ( importance1 
b !  end & purpose = :i* he kn[s x4  ,! 
object ( k %\ld be  to mature wisdom &  
improve "*1 to r5d] u bett]1 happi]1 &  
m useful2 m b5evol5t1 m en]getic1 & m   
effici5t 9 !  pursuit ( e high purpose 9
 life4  8,:5 p once fall into !  habit (
 admir+ & enc\rag+ ability z su*1 )\t   
ref]5ce to  moral "*--& religi\s &      
political op9ions are ! concrete  =m (  
moral "*--!y are on ! highway to all    
sorts (  degradation40 #cbi  ,we mu/    
ourselves be & d1 & n re/  satisfi$     
m]ely ) read+ & m$itat+ ov] :at o!r m5 h
  be5 & done4  ,our be/ light mu/ be    
made life1 & our be/ ?\ght  action4  ,at
 lea/ we ought to be able to say1 z     
,ri*t] did1 8,i h  made z mu* out (     
myself z c\ld be made ( ! /uff1 & no man

  %\ld require m20 = x is e man's duty  
to discipl9e & guide  himself1 ) ,god's 
help1 accord+ to 8 responsibilities & ! 
faculties ) :i* he has be5 end[$4       
,self-discipl9e & self-control are !    
beg9n+s ( practical wisdom2  & ^! mu/ h 
_! root 9 self-respect4  ,hope spr+s f  
x--hope1 :i* is ! companion ( p[]1 & !  
"m ( success2 =  :oso hopes /rongly has 
)9 him ! gift ( miracles4  ,! humble/   
may say1 8,to respect myself1 to develop
 myself--?is is my true duty 9  life4   
,an integral & responsible "p ( ! great 
sy/em ( society1 ,i  owe x to society & 
to its ,au?or n to degrade or de/roy    
ei!r my  body1 m9d1 or in/9cts4  ,on !  
contr>y1 ,i am b\nd to ! be/ ( my  p[]  
to give to ^? p>ts ( my con/itution !   
highe/ degree (  p]fection possible4  ,i
 am n only to suppress ! evil1 b to     
evoke  ! good elem5ts 9 my nature4  ,& z
 ,i respect myself1 s am ,i equally     
b\nd to respect o!rs1 z !y on _! "p are 
b\nd to respect me40  ,h5ce mutual      
respect1 ju/ice1 & ord]1 ( :i* law      

becomes !  writt5 record & gu>antee4    
,self-respect is ! noble/ g>m5t ) :i* a 
man may clo!  himself--! mo/ elevat+    
feel+ ) :i* ! m9d c be inspir$4  ,"o (  
,py?agoras's wise/ maxims1 9 8 #8,gold5 
,v]ses1' is t )  :i* he enjo9s ! pupil  
to 8rev]5ce himself40  ,borne up by ?is 
high  idea1 he w n defile 8 body by     
s5suality1 nor 8 m9d by s]vile  ?\ghts4 
,?is s5tim5t1 c>ri$ into daily life1 w  
be f\nd at !  root ( all !              
virtues--cleanl9ess1 sobriety1 *a/ity1  
morality1 &  religion4  8,! pi\s & j    
hon\r+ ( ourselves10 said ,milton1 8may 
be ?\ght ! radical moi/ure & f\nta9-head
 f :5ce e  laudable & wor?y ent]prise   
issues =?40  ,to ?9k meanly ( "o's      
self1 is to s9k 9 "o's own e/imation z  
well z 9 ! e/imation (  o!rs4  ,& z !   
?\ghts are1 s w ! acts be4  ,man _c     
aspire  if he look d[n2 if he w rise1 he
 mu/ look up4  ,! v humble/ may  be     
su/a9$ by ! prop] indulg5ce ( ?is feel+4
  ,pov]ty itself  may be lift$ & light$ 
up by self-respect2 & x is truly a noble

  sight to see a poor man hold himself  
upright amid/ 8 temptations1 &  refuse  
to demean himself by l[ actions4    ,"o 
way 9 :i* self-culture may be degrad$ is
 by reg>d+ x too  exclusively z a means 
( 8gett+ on40  ,view$ 9 ?is light1 x is 
unque/ionable t education is "o ( ! be/ 
inve/m5ts ( "t &  lab\r4  ,9 any l9e (  
life1 intellig5ce w enable a man to     
adapt  himself m readily to             
circum/ances1 sugge/ improv$ me?ods (   
work+1 & r5d] him m apt1 skill$ &       
effective 9 all respects4  ,he :o works 
) 8 head z well z 8 h&s1 w come to look 
at 8  bus9ess ) a cle>] eye2 & he w     
become consci\s ( increas+  p[]--p]haps 
! mo/ *e]+ consci\sness ! human m9d c   
*]i%4  ,! p[] ( self-help w gradually   
gr[2 & 9 proportion to a man's          
self-respect1 w he be arm$ aga9/ !      
temptation ( l[ indulg5ces4  ,society & 
its action w be reg>d$ ) q a new int]e/1
 8  sympa?ies w wid5 & enl>ge1 & he w   
?us be attract$ to "w  = o!rs z well z =
 himself4    ,self-culture may n1 h[ev]1

 end 9 em95ce1 z 9 ! num]\s  in/ances   
above cit$4  ,! great majority ( m51 9  
all times1 h[ev]  enlight5$1 mu/        
necess>ily be engag$ 9 ! ord9>y         
avocations (  indu/ry2 & no degree (    
culture :i* c be conf]r$ ^u !  community
 at l>ge w ev] enable !m--ev5 7 x       
desirable1 :i* x  is n--to get rid ( !  
daily "w ( society1 :i* mu/ be done4  ,b
  ?is1 we ?9k1 may also be accompli%$4  
,we c elevate ! condition  ( lab\r by   
ally+ x to noble ?\ghts1 :i* conf] a    
grace ^u !  l[lie/ z well z ! highe/    
rank4  ,= no matt] h[ poor or humble a  
man may be1 ! great ?9k] ( ?is & o!r    
days may come 9 & sit  d[n ) him1 & be 8
 companion = ! "t1 ?\gh 8 dwell+ be  !  
meane/ hut4  ,x is ?us t ! habit (      
well-direct$ read+ may  become a s\rce (
 ! greate/ pleasure & self-improvem5t1 &
  ex]cise a g5tle co]cion1 ) ! mo/      
b5eficial results1 ov] !  :ole t5\r ( a 
man's "* & conduct4  ,& ev5 ?\gh        
self-culture may n br+ weal?1 x w at all
 ev5ts give "o !  companion%ip ( elevat$

 ?\ghts4  ,a nobleman once contemptu\sly
 ask$  ( a sage1 8,:at h y got by all   
y\r philosophy80  8,at lea/ ,i h  got   
society 9 myself10 0 ! wise man's reply4
    ,b _m are apt to feel despond5t1 &  
become disc\rag$ 9 ! "w  ( self-culture1
 because !y d n 8get on0 9 ! _w s fa/ z 
!y ?9k !y des]ve to d4  ,hav+ plant$ _! 
acorn1 !y expect  to see x gr[ into an  
oak at once4  ,!y h p]haps look$ ^u  k 9
 ! light ( a m>ketable commodity1 & are 
consequ5tly  mortifi$ because x does n  
sell z !y expect$ x w\ld d4  ,mr4       
,trem5he]e1 9 "o ( 8 #8,education       
,reports' 7= #ahdj-a71 /ates t  a       
s*oolma/] 9 ,norfolk1 f9d+ 8 s*ool      
rapidly fall+ (f1 made  inquiry into !  
cause1 & asc]ta9$ t ! reason giv5 by !  
majority ( ! p>5ts = )draw+ _! *ildr5 01
 t !y _h  expect$ 8education 0 to make  
!m bett] (f ?an !y 7 be=e10  b t hav+   
f\nd x _h 8done !m no good10 !y _h tak5 
_!  *ildr5 f s*ool1 & w\ld give !mselves
 no fur!r tr\ble ab\t  education6    ,! 
same l[ idea ( self-culture is b too    

preval5t 9 o!r classes1  & is enc\rag$  
by ! false views ( life :i* are always m
 or  less curr5t 9 society4  ,b to reg>d
 self-culture ei!r z a means (  gett+   
pa/ o!rs 9 ! _w1 or ( intellectual      
dissipation &  amusem5t1 r ?an z a p[]  
to elevate ! "* & exp& !  spiritual     
nature1 is to place x on a v l[ level4  
,to use ! words  ( ,bacon1 8,k is n a   
%op = pr(it or sale1 b a ri*  /oreh\se =
 ! glory ( ! ,creator & ! relief ( man's
 e/ate40  ,x is d\btless mo/ hon\rable =
 a man to lab\r to elevate himself1  &  
to bett] 8 condition 9 society1 b ?is is
 n to be done at !  sacrifice ( himself4
  ,to make ! m9d ! m]e drudge ( ! body1 
is  putt+ x to a v s]vile use2 & to g   
ab\t :9+ & bemoan+  our pitiful lot     
because we fail 9 a*iev+ t success 9    
life :i*1  aft] all1 dep5ds r ^u habits 
( indu/ry & att5tion to  bus9ess details
 ?an ^u k1 is ! m>k ( a small1 & (t5  ( 
a s\r m9d4  ,su* a temp] _c bett] be    
reprov$ ?an 9 !  words ( ,rob]t ,s\!y1  
:o ?us wrote to a fri5d :o s\ght 8      

c\nsel3 8,i w\ld give y advice if x c\ld
 be ( use2 b !re is no  cur+ ^? :o *oose
 to be diseas$4  ,a good man & a wise   
man may at  times be angry ) ! _w1 at   
times griev$ = x2 b be sure no  man 0   
ev] discont5t$ ) ! _w if he did 8 duty 9
 x4  ,if a  man ( education1 :o has     
heal?1 eyes1 h&s1 & leisure1 wants an   
object1 x is only because ,god ,almighty
 has be/[$ all ^? bless+s  ^u a man :o  
does n des]ve !m40    ,ano!r way 9 :i*  
education may be pro/itut$ is by employ+
 x z a  m]e means ( intellectual        
dissipation & amusem5t4  ,_m are !      
m9i/]s to ?is ta/e 9 our "t4  ,!re is   
almo/ a mania =  frivolity & excitem5t1 
:i* exhibits itself 9 _m =ms 9 our      
popul> lit]ature4  ,to meet ! public    
ta/e1 our books & p]iodicals  mu/ n[ be 
highly spic$1 amus+1 & comic1 n disda9+ 
slang1 &  illu/rative ( brea*es ( all   
laws1 human & div9e4  ,d\glas ,j]rold   
once obs]v$ ( ?is t5d5cy1 8,i am conv9c$
 ! _w w get tir$  7at lea/ ,i hope s7 ( 
?is et]nal guffaw ab\t all ?+s4  ,aft]  

all1  life has some?+ s]i\s 9 x4  ,x _c 
be all a comic hi/ory (  humanity4  ,"s 
m5 w\ld1 ,i believe1 write a ,comic     
,s]mon on ! ,m\nt4  ,?9k ( a ,comic     
,hi/ory ( ,engl&1 ! droll]y ( ,alfr$1 ! 
fun (  ,sir ,?omas ,m1 ! f>ce ( 8       
daught] begg+ ! dead head &  clasp+ x 9 
h] c(f9 on h] bosom4  ,surely ! _w w be 
sick (  ?is blasphemy40  ,john ,/]l+1 9 
a l _s1 said3--8,p]iodicals &  novels   
are to all 9 ?is g5]ation1 b m          
especially to ^? ^:  m9ds are /ill un=m$
 & 9 ! process ( =mation1 a new & m     
effectual sub/itute = ! plagues (       
,egypt1 v]m9 t corrupt !  :olesome wat]s
 & infe/ our *amb]s40    ,z a re/ f toil
 & a relaxation f grav] pursuits1 !     
p]usal (  a well-writt5 /ory1 by a writ]
 ( g5ius1 is a high intellectual        
pleasure2 & x is a description (        
lit]ature to :i* all classes (  read]s1 
old & "y1 are attract$ z by a p[]ful    
in/9ct2 nor  w\ld we h any ( !m deb>r$ f
 its enjoym5t 9 a reasonable  degree4   
,b to make x ! exclusive lit]>y diet1 z 

"s d1--to  dev\r ! g>bage ) :i* ! %elves
 ( circulat+ libr>ies are  fill$1--& to 
occupy ! great] portion ( ! leisure h\rs
 9  /udy+ ! prepo/]\s pictures ( human  
life :i* s _m ( !m  pres5t1 is worse ?an
 wa/e ( "t3 x is positively p]nici\s4   
,!  habitual novel-read] indulges 9     
fictiti\s feel+s s mu*1 t !re  is great 
risk ( s\nd & heal?y feel+ becom+ p]v]t$
 or  b5umb$4  8,i nev] g to he> a       
trag$y10 said a gay man once to !       
,ar*bi%op ( ,york1 8x we>s my he>t out40
  ,! lit]>y pity evok$ by  fiction leads
 to no correspond+ action2 !            
susceptibilities :i* x  excites involve 
nei!r inconv5i5ce nor self-sacrifice2 s 
t !  he>t t is t\*$ too (t5 by ! fiction
 may at l5g? become  ins5sible to !     
reality4  ,! /eel is gradually rubb$ out
 ( !  "*1 & x ins5sibly loses its vital 
spr+4  8,draw+ f9e  pictures ( virtue 9 
"o's m9d10 said ,bi%op ,butl]1 8is s f> 
f  necess>ily or c]ta9ly conducive to =m
 a habit ( x 9 him :o  ?us employs      
himself1 t x may ev5 h>d5 ! m9d 9 a     

contr>y  c\rse1 & r5d] x gradually m    
ins5sible40    ,amusem5t 9 mod]ation is 
:olesome1 & to be comm5d$2 b amusem5t  9
 excess vitiates ! :ole nature1 & is a  
?+ to be c>efully  gu>d$ aga9/4  ,!     
maxim is (t5 quot$ ( 8,all "w & no play 
makes ,jack a dull boy20 b all play & no
 "w makes him some?+  greatly worse4    
,no?+ c be m hurtful to a y\? ?an to h 8
  s\l sodd5 ) pleasure4  ,! be/         
qualities ( 8 m9d are impair$2  common  
enjoym5ts become ta/eless2 8 appetite = 
! high] k9d (  pleasures is vitiat$2 &  
:5 he comes to face ! "w & ! duties  (  
life1 ! result is usually av]sion &     
disgu/4  8,fa/0 m5 wa/e  & exhau/ ! p[]s
 ( life1 & dry up ! s\rces ( true       
happ9ess4  ,hav+ =e/all$ _! spr+1 !y c  
produce no heal?y gr[? (  ei!r "* or    
intellect4  ,a *ild )\t simplicity1 a   
maid5  )\t innoc5ce1 a boy )\t          
tru?fulness1 are n m pite\s  sights ?an 
! man :o has wa/$ & ?r[n away 8 y\? 9   
self-indulg5ce4  ,mirabeau said (       
himself1 8,my e>ly ye>s h already  9 a  

great measure dis9h]it$ ! succe$+ ones1 
& dissipat$ a  great "p ( my vital      
p[]s40  ,z ! wrong done to ano!r to-day 
returns ^u ourselves to-morr[1 s ! s9s (
 our y\? rise up 9 our  age to sc\rge u4
  ,:5 ,"l ,bacon says t 8/r5g? ( nature 
9  y\? passe? ov] _m excesses :i* are   
ow+ a man until he is old10  he exposes 
a physical z well z a moral fact :i* _c 
be too well  weigh$ 9 ! conduct ( life4 
8,i assure y10 wrote ,giu/i ! ,italian  
to a fri5d1 8,i pay a heavy price =     
exi/5ce4  ,x is true t our  lives are n 
at our own disposal4  ,nature pret5ds to
 give !m gratis  at ! beg9n+1 & !n s5ds 
9 h] acc\nt40  ,! wor/ ( y\?ful         
indiscretions is1 n t !y de/roy heal?1 s
 mu* z t !y  sully manhood4  ,!         
dissipat$ y\? becomes a ta9t$ man2 & (t5
 he  _c be pure1 ev5 if he w\ld4  ,if   
cure !re be1 x is only to be  f\nd 9    
inoculat+ ! m9d ) a f]v5t _s ( duty1 & 9
  en]getic application to useful "w4    
,"o ( ! mo/ gift$ ( ,fr5*m51 9 po9t (   
great intellectual  end[m5ts1 0 ,b5jam9 

,con/ant2 b1 blas at tw5ty1 8 life 0    
only a prolong$ wail1 in/ead ( a h>ve/ (
 ! great de$s :i* he  0 capable (       
accompli%+ ) ord9>y dilig5ce &          
self-control4  ,he resolv$ ^u do+ s _m  
?+s1 :i* he nev] did1 t p  came to speak
 ( him z ,con/ant ! ,incon/ant4  ,he 0 a
 flu5t &  brilliant writ]1 & *]i%$ !    
ambition ( writ+ works1 8:i* !  _w w\ld 
n will+ly let die40  ,b :il/ ,con/ant   
affect$ !  highe/ ?9k+1 unhappily he    
practis$ ! l[e/ liv+2 nor did !         
transc5d5talism ( 8 books atone = !     
meanness ( 8 life4  ,he  frequ5t$ !     
gam+-tables :ile engag$ 9 prep>+ 8 "w ^u
  religion1 & c>ri$ on a disreputable   
intrigue :ile writ+ 8  #8,adolphe4'  ,) 
all 8 p[]s ( intellect1 he 0 p[]less1   
because  he _h no fai? 9 virtue4        
8,bah60 said he1 8:at are hon\r &       
dignity8  ,! long] ,i live1 ! m cle>ly  
,i see !re is no?+ 9 !m40  ,x  0 ! h[l (
 a mis]able man4  ,he describ$ himself z
 b 8a%es &  du/40  8,i pass10 said he1  
8l a %ad[ ov] ! e>?1 accompani$ by      

mis]y & ennui40  ,he wi%$ = ,voltaire's 
en]gy1 :i* he w\ld  r h possess$ ?an 8  
g5ius4  ,b he _h no /r5g? (             
purpose--no?+ b wi%es3 8 life1          
prematurely exhau/$1 _h become  b a heap
 ( brok5 l9ks4  ,he spoke ( himself z a 
p]son ) "o  foot 9 ! air4  ,he admitt$ t
 he _h no pr9ciples1 & no moral         
consi/5cy4  ,h5ce1 ) 8 spl5did tal5ts1  
he contriv$ to d  no?+2 &1 aft] liv+ _m 
ye>s mis]able1 he di$ worn out &        
wret*$4    ,! c>e] ( ,augu/9 ,?i]ry1 !  
au?or ( ! #8,hi/ory ( ! ,norman         
,conque/1' af=ds an admirable contra/ to
 t ( ,con/ant4  ,8 entire  life pres5t$ 
a /rik+ example ( p]sev]ance1 dilig5ce1 
self  culture1 & untir+ devotion to k4  
,9 ! pursuit he lo/ 8  eyesight1 lo/ 8  
heal?1 b nev] lo/ 8 love ( tru?4  ,:5 s 
feeble t he 0 c>ri$ f room to room1 l a 
helpless infant1 9  ! arms ( a nurse1 8 
brave _s nev] fail$ him2 & bl9d &       
helpless ?\gh he 01 he conclud$ 8 lit]>y
 c>e] 9 ! foll[+  noble words3--8,if1 z 
,i ?9k1 ! int]e/ ( sci5ce is c\nt$ 9 !  

numb] ( great national int]e/s1 ,i h    
giv5 my c\ntry all t !  soldi]1 mutilat$
 on ! field ( battle1 gives h]4  ,:atev]
 may be  ! fate ( my lab\rs1 ?is        
example1 ,i hope1 w n be lo/4  ,i w\ld  
wi% x to s]ve to combat ! species (     
moral weakness :i* is !  disease ( our  
pres5t g5]ation2 to br+ back into !     
/raight road  ( life "s ( ^? en]vat$    
s\ls t compla9 ( want+ fai?1  t "k n :at
 to d1 & seek ev]y:]e1 )\t f9d+ x1 an   
object ( wor%ip & admiration4  ,:y say1 
) s mu* bitt]ness1 t  9 ! _w1 con/itut$ 
z x is1 !re is no air = all lungs--no   
employm5t = all m9ds8  ,is n calm &     
s]i\s /udy !re8 & is  n t a refuge1 a   
hope1 a field )9 ! rea* ( all ( u8  ,)  
x1 evil days are pass$ ov] )\t _! weight
 be+ felt4  ,e "o  c make 8 own de/9y--e
 "o employ 8 life nobly4  ,?is is :at ,i
  h done1 & w\ld d aga9 if ,i _h to     
recomm5ce my c>e]2 ,i w\ld  *oose t :i* 
has br\ght me :]e ,i am4  ,bl9d1 &      
suff]+  )\t hope1 & almo/ )\t           
int]mission1 ,i may give ?is te/imony1  

:i* f me w n appe> suspici\s4  ,!re is  
some?+ 9 !  _w bett] ?an s5sual         
enjoym5ts1 bett] ?an =tune1 bett] ?an   
heal? itself--x is devotion to k40      
,col]idge1 9 _m respects1 resembl$      
,con/ant4  ,he possess$ equally         
brilliant p[]s1 b 0 simil>ly infirm (   
purpose4  ,) all 8  great intellectual  
gifts1 he want$ ! gift ( indu/ry1 & 0   
av]se  to cont9u\s lab\r4  ,he want$    
also ! s5se ( indep5d5ce1 &  ?\ght x no 
degradation to leave 8 wife & *ildr5 to 
be ma9ta9$  by ! bra9-"w ( ! noble      
,s\!y1 :ile he himself retir$ to        
,highgate ,grove to disc\rse            
transc5d5talism to 8 disciples1 look+   
d[n contemptu\sly ^u ! hone/ "w go+ =w>d
 b5ea? him amid/  ! d9 & smoke (        
,london4  ,) remun]ative employm5t at 8 
comm&  he /oop$ to accept ! *>ity (     
fri5ds2 &1 not)/&+ 8  l(ty ideas (      
philosophy1 he condesc5d$ to            
humiliations f :i*  _m a day-lab\r] w\ld
 h %runk4  ,h[ diff]5t 9 _s 0  ,s\!y6   
lab\r+ n m]ely at "w ( 8 own *oice1 & at

 taskwork  (t5 t$i\s & di/a/eful1 b also
 unremitt+ly & ) ! utmo/  eag]ness seek+
 & /or+ k purely = ! love ( x4  ,e  day1
 e h\r _h its allott$ employm5t3        
engagem5ts to publi%]s  requir+ punctual
 fulfilm5t2 ! curr5t exp5ses ( a l>ge   
h\sehold  duty to provide3 = ,s\!y _h no
 crop gr[+ :ile 8 p5 0 idle4  8,my      
ways10 he us$ to say1 8are z broad z !  
k+'s high-road1 & my  means lie 9 an    
ink/&40    ,rob]t ,nicoll wrote to a    
fri5d1 aft] read+ ! #8,recollections (  
,col]idge1' 8,:at a mighty intellect 0  
lo/ 9 t man = want ( a  little en]gy--a 
little det]m9ation60  ,nicoll himself 0 
a true &  brave _s1 :o di$ "y1 b n be=e 
he _h enc\nt]$ &  ov]come great         
difficulties 9 life4  ,at 8 outset1 :ile
 c>ry+ on a  small bus9ess z a          
booksell]1 he f\nd himself weigh$ d[n ) 
a debt  ( only tw5ty p\nds1 :i* he said 
he felt 8weigh+ l a mill/one  r\nd 8    
neck10 & t1 8if he _h x paid he nev]    
w\ld borr[ aga9  f mortal man40  ,writ+ 
to 8 "m at ! "t he said1 8,fe> n  = me1 

de> "m1 = ,i feel myself daily gr[+     
firm] & m  hopeful 9 _s4  ,! m ,i ?9k & 
reflect--& ?9k+1 n  read+1 is n[ my     
occupation--,i feel t1 :e!r ,i be gr[+  
ri*] or  n1 ,i am gr[+ a wis] man1 :i*  
is f> bett]4  ,pa91 pov]ty1 &  all ! o!r
 wild bea/s ( life :i* s affright5 o!rs1
 ,i am s  bold z to ?9k ,i c\ld look 9 !
 face )\t %r9k+1 )\t  los+ respect =    
myself1 fai? 9 man's high de/9ies1 or   
tru/ 9  ,god4  ,!re is a po9t :i* x co/s
 mu* m5tal toil & /ruggl+ to  ga91 b    
:i*1 :5 once ga9$1 a man c look d[n f1 z
 a  travell] f a l(ty m\nta91 on /orms  
rag+ bel[1 :ile he is  walk+ 9 sun%9e4  
,t ,i h yet ga9$ ?is po9t 9 life ,i w  n
 say1 b ,i feel myself daily ne>] to x40
    ,x is n ease1 b ef=t--n facility1 b 
difficulty1 t makes m54  ,!re is1       
p]haps1 no /ation 9 life1 9 :i*         
difficulties h n to  be enc\nt]$ &      
ov]come be=e any decid$ measure (       
success c be  a*iev$4  ,^? difficulties 
are1 h[ev]1 our be/ in/ructors1 z our   
mi/akes (t5 =m our be/ exp]i5ce4  ,*>les

 ,james ,fox 0  accu/om$ to say t he    
hop$ m f a man :o fail$1 & yet w5t  on 9
 spite ( 8 failure1 ?an f ! buoyant c>e]
 ( !  successful4  8,x is all v well10  
said he1 8to tell me t a "y man  has    
di/+ui%$ himself by a brilliant fir/    
spee*4  ,he may g on1 or  he may be     
satisfi$ ) 8 fir/ triumph2 b %[ me a "y 
man :o  has n succe$$ at fir/1 &        
nev]!less has gone on1 & ,i w  back t "y
 man to d bett] ?an mo/ ( ^? :o h       
succe$$ at  ! fir/ trial40    ,we le>n  
wisdom f failure mu* m ?an f success4   
,we (t5  discov] :at w d1 by f9d+ out   
:at w n d2 & probably he  :o nev] made a
 mi/ake nev] made a discov]y4  ,x 0 !   
failure 9  ! attempt to make a          
suck+-pump act1 :5 ! work+ bucket 0 m   
?an ?irty-?ree feet above ! surface ( ! 
wat] to be rais$1 t  l$ obs]vant m5 to  
/udy ! law ( atmosph]ic pressure1 & op5$
 a  new field ( rese>* to ! g5ius (     
,galileo1 ,torrecelli1 & ,boyle4  ,john 
,hunt] us$ to rem>k t ! art ( surg]y    
w\ld n advance  until pr(essional m5 _h 

! c\rage to publi% _! failures z well  z
 _! successes4  ,watt ! eng9e] said1 (  
all ?+s mo/ want$ 9  me*anical eng9e]+ 0
 a hi/ory ( failures3 8,we want10 he    
said1 8a  book ( blots40  ,:5 ,sir      
,humphry ,davy 0 once %[n a dext]\sly   
manipulat$ exp]im5t1 he said--8,i ?ank  
,god ,i 0 n made a dext]\s  manipulator1
 = ! mo/ important ( my discov]ies h be5
 sugge/$  to me by failures40  ,ano!r   
di/+ui%$ inve/igator 9 physical  sci5ce 
has left x on record t1 :5ev] 9 ! c\rse 
( 8  rese>*es he enc\nt]$ an app>5tly   
insup]able ob/acle1 he  g5]ally f\nd    
himself on ! br9k ( "s discov]y4  ,! v  
greate/ ?+s--great ?\ghts1 discov]ies1  
inv5tions--h usually be5  nurtur$ 9     
h>d%ip1 (t5 pond]$ ov] 9 sorr[1 & at    
l5g?  e/abli%$ ) difficulty4    ,bee?ov5
 said ( ,ross9i1 t he _h 9 him ! /uff to
 h made a  good musician if he _h only1 
:5 a boy1 be5 well flogg$2 b t he  _h   
be5 spoilt by ! facility ) :i* he       
produc$4  ,m5 :o feel  _! /r5g? )9 !m   
ne$ n fe> to enc\nt] adv]se op9ions2  !y

 h f> great] reason to fe> undue praise 
& too fri5dly  criticism4  ,:5          
,m5delssohn 0 ab\t to ent] ! or*e/ra at 
,birm+ham1 on ! fir/ p]=mance ( 8       
#8,elijah1' he said laugh+ly  to "o ( 8 
fri5ds & critics1 8,/ick y\r claws into 
me6  ,don't tell  me :at y l1 b :at y   
don't l60    ,x has be5 said1 & truly1 t
 x is ! defeat t tries ! g5]al  m ?an ! 
victory4  ,wa%+ton lo/ m battles ?an he 
ga9$2 b  he succe$$ 9 ! end4  ,!        
,romans1 9 _! mo/ victori\s campaigns1  
almo/ inv>iably began ) defeats4        
,moreau us$ to be comp>$ by 8           
companions to a drum1 :i* nobody he>s ( 
except x be beat54  ,well+ton's milit>y 
g5ius 0 p]fect$ by enc\nt] )            
difficulties  ( app>5tly ! mo/ ov]:elm+ 
"*1 b :i* only s]v$ to  n]ve 8          
resolution1 & br+ out m prom95tly 8     
great qualities  z a man & a g5]al4  ,s 
! skilful m>9] obta9s 8 be/  exp]i5ce   
amid/ /orms & tempe/s1 :i* tra9 him to  
self-reliance1  c\rage1 & ! highe/      
discipl9e2 & we probably own to r\gh    

seas  & w9try nights ! be/ tra9+ ( our  
race ( ,briti% seam51 :o  are1 c]ta9ly1 
n surpass$ by any 9 ! _w4    ,necessity 
may be a h>d s*oolmi/ress1 b %e is      
g5]ally f\nd !  be/4  ,?\gh ! ordeal (  
adv]sity is "o f :i* we naturally  %r9k1
 yet1 :5 x comes1 we mu/ bravely &      
manfully enc\nt] x4  ,burns says truly1 
8,?\gh losses & crosses      ,be lessons
 "r sev]e1      ,!re's wit !re1 y'll get
 !re1      ,y'll f9d no o!r :]e40       
8,sweet inde$ are ! uses ( adv]sity40   
,!y reveal to u our p[]s1  & call =? our
 en]gies4  ,if !re be real wor? 9 ! "*1 
l sweet h]bs1 x w give =? its f9e/      
fragrance :5 press$4  8,crosses10 says !
 old prov]b1 8are ! ladd]s t lead to    
heav540  8,:at is ev5 pov]ty itself10   
asks ,ri*t]1 8t a man %\ld murmur  "u x8
  ,x is b z ! pa9 ( pi]c+ a maid5's e>1 
& y hang  preci\s jewels 9 ! w\nd40  ,9 
! exp]i5ce ( life x is f\nd  t !        
:olesome discipl9e ( adv]sity 9 /rong   
natures usually  c>ries ) x a           
self-pres]v+ influ5ce4  ,_m are f\nd    

capable (  bravely be>+ up "u           
privations1 & *e]fully enc\nt]+         
ob/ructions1 :o are aft]w>ds f\nd unable
 to )/& ! m  dang]\s influ5ces (        
prosp]ity4  ,x is only a weak man :om ! 
w9d  deprives ( 8 cloak3 a man ( av]age 
/r5g? is m 9 dang] (  los+ x :5 assail$ 
by ! beams ( a too g5ial sun4  ,?us x   
(t5  ne$s a high] discipl9e & a /rong]  
"* to be> up "u good  =tune ?an "u      
adv]se4  ,"s g5]\s natures k9dle & w>m )
  prosp]ity1 b !re are _m on :om weal?  
has no su* influ5ce4  ,base he>ts x only
 h>d5s1 mak+ ^? :o 7 mean & s]vile1 mean
  & pr\d4  ,b :ile prosp]ity is apt to  
h>d5 ! he>t to pride1  adv]sity 9 a man 
( resolution w s]ve to rip5 x into      
=titude4  ,to use ! words ( ,burke1     
8,difficulty is a sev]e in/ructor1 set  
ov]  u by ! supreme ord9ance ( a p>5tal 
gu>dian & in/ructor1 :o  kn[s u bett]   
?an we "k ourselves1 z ,he loves u bett]
 too4  ,he  t wre/les ) u /r5g!ns our   
n]ves1 & %>p5s our skill3 our  antagoni/
 is ?us our help]40  ,)\t ! necessity ( 

enc\nt]+  difficulty1 life might be     
easi]1 b m5 w\ld be wor? less4  ,=      
trials1 wisely improv$1 tra9 ! "*1 &    
tea* self-help2 ?us  h>d%ip itself may  
(t5 prove ! :olesome/ discipl9e = u1    
?\gh  we recognise x n4  ,:5 ! gallant  
"y ,hodson1 unju/ly remov$  f 8 ,indian 
comm&1 felt himself sore press$ d[n by  
unm]it$  calumny & reproa*1 he yet      
pres]v$ ! c\rage to say to a fri5d1 8,i 
/rive to look ! wor/ boldly 9 ! face1 z 
,i w\ld an enemy 9 !  field1 & to d my  
appo9t$ "w resolutely & to ! be/ ( my   
ability1 satisfi$ t !re is a reason =   
all2 & t ev5 irksome  duties well done  
br+ _! own rew>d1 & t1 if n1 /ill !y    
are duties40    ,! battle ( life is1 9  
mo/ cases1 f\ght up-hill2 & to w9 x  )\t
 a /ruggle 7 p]haps to w9 x )\t hon\r4  
,if !re 7  no difficulties !re w\ld be  
no success2 if !re 7 no?+ to  /ruggle =1
 !re w\ld be no?+ to be a*iev$4         
,difficulties may  intimidate ! weak1 b 
!y act only z a :olesome /imulus to m5 (
  resolution & val\r4  ,all exp]i5ce (  

life inde$ s]ves to prove  t ! imp$im5ts
 ?r[n 9 ! way ( human advancem5t may = !
  mo/ "p be ov]come by /eady good       
conduct1 hone/ zeal1 activity1          
p]sev]ance1 & above all by a det]m9$    
resolution to surm\nt  difficulties1 &  
/& up manfully aga9/ mis=tune4    ,!    
s*ool ( ,difficulty is ! be/ s*ool (    
moral discipl9e1 =  nations z =         
individuals4  ,inde$1 ! hi/ory (        
difficulty w\ld be  b a hi/ory ( all !  
great & good ?+s t h yet be5  accompli%$
 by m54  ,x is h>d to say h[ mu* nor!rn 
nations owe to  _! enc\nt] ) a          
comp>atively rude & *angeable climate & 
an  orig9ally /]ile soil1 :i* is "o ( ! 
necessities ( _!  condition1--involv+ a 
p]5nial /ruggle ) difficulties su* z !  
natives ( sunni] climes "k no?+ (4  ,&  
?us x may be1 t  ?\gh our f9e/ products 
are exotic1 ! skill & indu/ry :i* h  be5
 necess>y to re> !m1 h issu$ 9 !        
production ( a native  gr[? ( m5 n      
surpass$ on ! globe4    ,:]ev] !re is   
difficulty1 ! individual man mu/ come   

out = bett]  = worse4  ,enc\nt] ) x w   
tra9 8 /r5g?1 & discipl9e 8  skill2     
he>t5+ him = future ef=t1 z ! rac]1 by  
be+ tra9$  to run aga9/ ! hill1 at l5g? 
c\rses ) facility4  ,! road to  success 
may be /eep to climb1 & x puts to ! pro(
 ! en]gies (  him :o w\ld rea* ! summit4
  ,b by exp]i5ce a man soon le>ns t     
ob/acles are to be ov]come by grappl+ ) 
!m1--t ! nettle  feels z s(t z silk :5 x
 is boldly grasp$1--& t ! mo/  effective
 help t[>ds realiz+ ! object propos$ is 
! moral  conviction t we c & w accompli%
 x4  ,?us difficulties (t5  fall away ( 
!mselves be=e ! det]m9ation to ov]come  
!m4    ,mu* w be done if we d b try4    
,nobody kn[s :at he c d till he  has    
tri$2 & few try _! be/ till !y h be5 =c$
 to d x4  8,if ,i c\ld d su* & su* a    
?+10 sighs ! despond+ y\?4  ,b  no?+ w  
be done if he only wi%es4  ,! desire mu/
 rip5 into  purpose & ef=t2 & "o        
en]getic attempt is wor? a ?\s&         
aspirations4  ,x is ^! ?orny 8ifs0--!   
mutt]+s ( impot5ce &  despair--:i* s (t5

 h$ge r\nd ! field ( possibility1 &     
prev5t  any?+ be+ done or ev5 attempt$4 
8,a difficulty10 said ,"l  ,lyndhur/1   
8is a ?+ to be ov]come20 grapple ) x at 
once2 facility  w come ) practice1 &    
/r5g? & =titude ) repeat$ ef=t4  ,?us ! 
m9d & "* may be tra9$ to an almo/ p]fect
  discipl9e1 & enabl$ to act ) a grace1 
_s1 & lib]ty1 almo/  incompreh5sible to 
^? :o h n pass$ ?r\gh a simil>          
exp]i5ce4    ,ev]y?+ t we le>n is !     
ma/]y ( a difficulty2 & ! ma/]y  ( "o   
helps to ! ma/]y ( o!rs4  ,?+s :i* may  
at fir/ sight  appe> comp>atively       
valueless 9 education--su* z ! /udy ( ! 
dead  languages1 & ! relations ( l9es & 
surfaces :i* we call  ma!matics--are    
really ( ! greate/ practical value1 n s 
mu*  because ( ! in=mation :i* !y yield1
 z because ( !  developm5t :i* !y       
compel4  ,! ma/]y ( ^! /udies evokes    
ef=t1 & cultivates p[]s ( application1  
:i* o!rwise might h  la9 dormant1 ,?us  
"o ?+ leads to ano!r1 & s ! "w goes on  
?r\gh life--enc\nt] ) difficulty end+   

only :5 life & culture  end4  ,b indulg+
 9 ! feel+ ( disc\ragem5t nev] help$ any
 "o  ov] a difficulty1 & nev] w4        
,d',alemb]t's advice to ! /ud5t  :o     
compla9$ to him ab\t 8 want ( success 9 
ma/]+ ! fir/  elem5ts ( ma!matics 0 ! "r
 "o--8,g on1 sir1 & fai? &  /r5g? w come
 to y40    ,! danseuse :o turns a       
pir\ette1 ! viol9i/ :o plays a sonata1  
h acquir$ _! dext]ity by pati5t         
repetition & aft] _m  failures4         
,c>issimi1 :5 prais$ = ! ease & grace ( 
8  melodies1 exclaim$1 8,ah6 y little "k
 ) :at difficulty ?is ease  has be5     
acquir$40  ,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds1 :5    
once ask$ h[ long x _h  tak5 him to pa9t
 a c]ta9 picture1 repli$1 8,all my      
life40  ,h5ry  ,clay1 ! ,am]ican orator1
 :5 giv+ advice to "y m51 ?us  describ$ 
to !m ! secret ( 8 success 9 !          
cultivation ( 8  art3 8,i owe my success
 9 life10 said he1 8*iefly to "o        
circum/ance--t at ! age ( tw5ty-sev5 ,i 
comm5c$1 & cont9u$  = ye>s1 ! process ( 
daily read+ & speak+ ^u ! cont5ts (  "s 

hi/orical or sci5tific book4  ,^! (f-h& 
ef=ts 7 made1  sometimes 9 a cornfield1 
at o!rs 9 ! =e/1 & n unfrequ5tly  9 "s  
di/ant b>n1 ) ! horse & ! ox = my       
auditors4  ,x is  to ?is e>ly practice (
 ! art ( all arts t ,i am indebt$ = !   
prim>y & lead+ impulses t /imulat$ me   
onw>d & h %ap$  & m\ld$ my :ole         
subsequ5t de/9y40    ,curran1 ! ,iri%   
orator1 :5 a y\?1 _h a /rong defect 9 8 
articulation1 & at s*ool he 0 kn[n z    
8/utt]+ ,jack ,curran40  ,:ile he 0     
engag$ 9 ! /udy ( ! law1 & /ill /ruggl+ 
to  ov]come 8 defect1 he 0 /ung into    
eloqu5ce by ! s>casms ( a  memb] ( a    
debat+ club1 :o *>act]is$ him z 8,orator
 ,mum20 =1  l ,c[p]1 :5 he /ood up to   
speak on a previ\s occasion1 ,curran _h 
n be5 able to utt] a ^w4  ,! taunt /ung 
him & he repli$ 9 a  triumphant spee*4  
,?is accid5tal discov]y 9 himself ( !   
gift (  eloqu5ce enc\rag$ him to proce$ 
9 8 /udies ) r5ew$ en]gy4  ,he correct$ 
8 enunciation by read+ al\d1            
emphatically &  di/9ctly1 ! be/ passages

 9 lit]ature1 = sev]al h\rs e day1      
/udy+ 8 features be=e a mirror1 & adopt+
 a me?od (  ge/iculation suit$ to 8 r   
awkw>d & ungraceful figure4  ,he  also  
propos$ cases to himself1 :i* he argu$ )
 z mu* c>e z if  he _h be5 address+ a   
jury4  ,curran began bus9ess ) !        
qualification :i* ,"l ,eldon /at$ to be 
! fir/ requisite =  di/9ction1 t is1 8to
 be n wor? a %ill+40  ,:ile work+ 8  way
 labori\sly at ! b>1 /ill oppress$ by ! 
diffid5ce :i* _h  ov]come him 9 8 debat+
 club1 he 0 on "o occasion provok$ by ! 
,judge 7,rob9son7 into mak+ a v sev]e   
retort4  ,9 ! case "u  discussion1      
,curran obs]v$ 8t he _h nev] met ! law z
 laid d[n  by 8 lord%ip 9 any book 9 8  
libr>y40  8,t may be1 sir10 said  !     
judge1 9 a contemptu\s tone1 8b ,i      
suspect t y\r libr>y is  v small40  ,8  
lord%ip 0 notori\sly a furi\s political 
p>tisan1  ! au?or ( sev]al anonym\s     
pamphlets *>act]is$ by unusual  viol5ce 
& dogmatism4  ,curran1 r\s$ by !        
allusion to 8 /rait5$  circum/ances1    

repli$ ?us2 8,x is v true1 my "l1 t ,i  
am poor1  & ! circum/ance has c]ta9ly   
curtail$ my libr>y2 my books are n      
num]\s1 b !y are select1 & ,i hope !y h 
be5 p]us$ )  prop] dispositions4  ,i h  
prep>$ myself = ?is high pr(ession by  !
 /udy ( a few good works1 r ?an by !    
composition ( a great  _m bad ones4  ,i 
am n a%am$ ( my pov]ty2 b ,i %\ld be    
a%am$  ( my weal?1 c\ld ,i h /oop$ to   
acquire x by s]vility &  corruption4    
,if ,i rise n to rank1 ,i %all at lea/  
be hone/2 &  %\ld ,i ev] cease to be s1 
_m an example %[s me t an ill-ga9$      
elevation1 by mak+ me ! m conspicu\s1   
w\ld only make me ! m  univ]sally & ! m 
notori\sly contemptible40    ,! extreme/
 pov]ty has be5 no ob/acle 9 ! way ( m5 
devot$ to  ! duty ( self-culture4       
,pr(essor ,alex&] ,murray1 ! l+ui/1     
le>nt to write by scribbl+ 8 lett]s on  
an old wool-c>d ) !  end ( a burnt hea!r
 /em4  ,! only book :i* 8 fa!r1 :o 0 a  
poor %eph]d1 possess$1 0 a p5ny ,%ort]  
,cate*ism2 b t1 be+  ?\ght too valuable 

= common use1 0 c>efully pres]v$ 9 a    
cupbo>d = ! ,sunday cate*is+s4          
,pr(essor ,moor1 :5 a "y man1  be+ too  
poor to pur*ase ,newton's #8,pr9cipia1' 
borr[$ ! book1 &  copi$ ! :ole ( x ) 8  
own h&4  ,_m poor /ud5ts1 :ile  lab\r+  
daily = _! liv+1 h only be5 able to     
snat* an atom  ( k "h & !re at int]vals1
 z birds d _! food 9  w9t] "t :5 !      
fields are cov]$ ) sn[4  ,!y h /ruggl$  
on1 & fai? & hope h come to !m4  ,a     
well-kn[n au?or &  publi%]1 ,william    
,*amb]s1 ( ,ed9burgh1 speak+ be=e an    
assemblage  ( "y m5 9 t city1 ?us       
briefly describ$ to !m 8 humble         
beg9n+s1 = _! enc\ragem5t3 8,i /& be=e  
y10 he said1 8a  self-educat$ man4  ,my 
education 0 t :i* is suppli$ at ! humble
  p>i% s*ools ( ,scotl&2 & x 0 only :5  
,i w5t to ,ed9burgh1 a  poor boy1 t ,i  
devot$ my ev5+s1 aft] ! lab\rs ( ! day1 
to  ! cultivation ( t intellect :i* !   
,almighty has giv5 me4  ,f  sev5 or     
eight 9 ! morn+ till n9e or t5 at night 
0 ,i at my  bus9ess z a booksell]'s     

appr5tice1 & x 0 only dur+ h\rs aft]    
^!1 /ol5 f sleep1 t ,i c\ld devote      
myself to /udy4  ,i did n  read novels3 
my att5tion 0 devot$ to physical sci5ce1
 & o!r  useful matt]s4  ,i also taught  
myself ,fr5*4  ,i look back to ^? times 
) great pleasure1 & am almo/ sorry ,i h 
n to g ?r\gh !  same exp]i5ce aga92 = ,i
 reap$ m pleasure :5 ,i _h n a  sixp5ce 
9 my pocket1 /udy+ 9 a g>ret 9          
,ed9burgh1 !n ,i n[ f9d  :5 sitt+ amid/ 
all ! elegancies & com=ts ( a p>l\r40   
,william ,cobbett's acc\nt ( h[ he le>nt
 ,engli% ,gramm> is full (  int]e/ &    
in/ruction = all /ud5ts lab\r+ "u       
difficulties4  8,i le>n$ gramm>10 said  
he1 8:5 ,i 0 a private soldi] on ! pay (
  sixp5ce a day4  ,! edge ( my b]?1 or t
 ( my gu>d-b$1 0 my  seat to /udy 92 my 
knapsack 0 my book-case2 a bit ( bo>d   
ly+ on  my lap 0 my writ+-table2 & !    
task did n dem& any?+ l a  ye> ( my     
life4  ,i _h no money to pur*ase c&le or
 oil2 9 w9t]  "t x 0 r>ely t ,i c\ld get
 any ev5+ light b t ( !  fire1 & only my

 turn ev5 ( t4  ,& if ,i1 "u su*        
circum/ances1  & )\t p>5t or fri5d to   
advise or enc\rage me1 accompli%$ ?is   
und]tak+1 :at excuse c !re be = any y\?1
 h[ev] poor1  h[ev] press$ ) bus9ess1 or
 h[ev] circum/anc$ z to room or  o!r    
conv5i5ces8  ,to buy a p5 or a %eet (   
pap] ,i 0 compell$ to  =ego "s portion (
 food1 ?\gh 9 a /ate ( half-/>vation3 ,i
 _h  no mom5t ( "t t ,i c\ld call my    
own2 & ,i _h to read & to  write amid/ !
 talk+1 laugh+1 s++1 :i/l+1 & brawl+ (  
at lea/ half a score ( ! mo/ ?\ghtless (
 m51 & t1 too1 9  ! h\rs ( _! fre$om f  
all control4  ,?9k n lightly ( !  f>?+ t
 ,i _h to give1 n[ & !n1 = ink1 p51 or  
pap]6  ,t  f>?+ 01 alas6 a great sum to 
me6  ,i 0 z tall z ,i am n[2 ,i _h      
great heal? & great ex]cise4  ,! :ole ( 
! money1 n exp5d$  = u at m>ket1 0      
two-p5ce a week = ea* man4  ,i rememb]1 
&  well ,i may6 t on "o occasion ,i1    
aft] all necess>y exp5ses1 _h1 on  a    
,friday1 made %ifts to h a halfp5ny 9   
res]ve1 :i* ,i _h  de/9$ = ! pur*ase ( a

 r$h]r+ 9 ! morn+2 b1 :5 ,i  pull$ (f my
 clo!s at night1 s hungry !n z to be    
h>dly able to  endure life1 ,i f\nd t ,i
 _h lo/ my halfp5ny6  ,i buri$ my head  
"u ! mis]able %eet & rug1 & cri$ l a    
*ild6  ,& aga9 ,i  say1 if1 ,i1 "u      
circum/ances l ^!1 c\ld enc\nt] &       
ov]come  ?is task1 is !re1 c !re be1 9 !
 :ole _w1 a y\? to f9d an  excuse = !   
non-p]=mance80    ,we h be5 in=m$ ( an  
equally /rik+ in/ance ( p]sev]ance &    
application 9 le>n+ on ! "p ( a ,fr5*   
political exile 9  ,london4  ,8 orig9al 
occupation 0 t ( a /onemason1 at :i* he 
f\nd employm5t = "s "t2 b "w becom+     
slack1 he lo/ 8  place1 & pov]ty />$ him
 9 ! face4  ,9 8 dilemma he call$ ^u  a 
fell[ exile pr(itably engag$ 9 tea*+    
,fr5*1 & consult$ him  :at he ought to d
 to e>n a liv+4  ,! answ] 01 8,become a 
pr(essor60  8,a pr(essor80 answ]$ !     
mason--8,i1 :o am only a workman1       
speak+ b a patois6  ,surely y are je/+80
  8,on ! contr>y1 ,i am  q s]i\s10 said 
! o!r1 8& aga9 ,i advise y--become a    

pr(essor2 place y\rself "u me1 & ,i w   
und]take to tea* y h[  to tea* o!rs40   
8,no1 no60 repli$ ! mason1 8x is        
impossible2 ,i am  too old to le>n2 ,i  
am too little ( a s*ol>2 ,i _c be a     
pr(essor40  ,he w5t away1 & aga9 he tri$
 to obta9 employm5t at 8 trade4  ,f     
,london he w5t into ! prov9ces1 &       
travell$ sev]al hundr$ miles 9  va92 he 
c\ld n f9d a ma/]4  ,return+ to ,london1
 he w5t direct to  8 =m] advis]1 & said1
 8,i h tri$ ev]y:]e = "w1 &  fail$2 ,i w
 n[ try to be a pr(essor60  ,he         
imm$iately plac$ himself  "u in/ruction2
 & be+ a man ( close application1 (     
quick  appreh5sion1 & vigor\s           
intellig5ce1 he spe$ily ma/]$ !  elem5ts
 ( gramm>1 ! rules ( con/ruction &      
composition1 & 7:at  he _h /ill 9 a     
great measure to le>n7 ! correct        
pronunciation (  classical ,fr5*4  ,:5 8
 fri5d & in/ructor ?\ght him            
suffici5tly compet5t to und]take ! tea*+
 ( o!rs1 an  appo9tm5t1 adv]tis$ z      
vacant1 0 appli$ = & obta9$2 &  behold  

our artisan at l5g? become pr(essor6  ,x
 s happ5$1 t !  sem9>y to :i* he 0      
appo9t$ 0 situat$ 9 a suburb ( ,london  
:]e he _h =m]ly work$ z a /onemason2 & e
 morn+ ! fir/  ?+ :i* met 8 eyes on     
look+ out ( 8 dress+-room w9d[ 0 a  /ack
 ( cottage *imneys :i* he _h himself    
built6  ,he fe>$ = a  "t le/ he %\ld be 
recognis$ 9 ! village z ! quondam       
workman1  & ?us br+ discr$it on 8       
sem9>y1 :i* 0 ( high /&+4  ,b he ne$ h  
be5 "u no su* appreh5sion1 z he prov$ a 
mo/  effici5t tea*]1 & 8 pupils 7 on m  
?an "o occasion publicly  complim5t$ =  
_! k ( ,fr5*4  ,mean:ile1 he secur$ !   
respect & fri5d%ip ( all :o knew        
him--fell[-pr(essors z well z  pupils2 &
 :5 ! /ory ( 8 /ruggles1 8 difficulties1
 & 8  pa/ hi/ory1 became kn[n to !m1 !y 
admir$ him m ?an ev]4    ,sir ,samuel   
,romilly 0 n less indefatigable z a     
self-cultivator4  ,!  son ( a jewell]1  
desc5d$ f a ,fr5* refugee1 he receiv$   
little  education 9 8 e>ly ye>s1 b      
ov]came all 8 disadvantages by  unwe>i$ 

application1 & by ef=ts con/antly       
direct$ t[>ds !  same end4  8,i         
det]m9$10 he says1 9 8 autobiography1   
8:5 ,i 0  betwe5 fifte5 & sixte5 ye>s ( 
age1 to apply myself s]i\sly to  le>n+  
,lat91 ( :i* ,i1 at t "t1 knew little m 
?an "s (  ! mo/ famili> rules ( gramm>4 
,9 ! c\rse ( ?ree or f\r  ye>s1 dur+ :i*
 ,i ?us appli$ myself1 ,i _h read almo/ 
e prose  writ] ( ! age ( pure ,lat9ity1 
except ^? :o h treat$ m]ely  ( te*nical 
subjects1 su* z ,v>ro1 ,columella1 &    
,celsus4  ,i _h gone  ?ree times ?r\gh !
 :ole ( ,livy1 ,sallu/1 & ,tacitus4  ,i 
_h  /udi$ ! mo/ celebrat$ orations (    
,cic]o1 & translat$ a great  deal (     
,hom]4  ,t]5ce1 ,virgil1 ,horace1 ,ovid1
 & ,juv5al1 ,i _h read  ov] & ov] aga940
  ,he also /udi$ geography1 natural     
hi/ory1 &  natural philosophy1 & obta9$ 
a consid]able acqua9tance ) g5]al  k4   
,at sixte5 he 0 articl$ to a cl]k 9     
,*anc]y2 work$  h>d2 0 admitt$ to ! b>2 
& 8 indu/ry & p]sev]ance ensur$         
success4  ,he became ,solicitor-,g5]al  

"u ! ,fox adm9i/ration 9  #ahjf1 &      
/eadily work$ 8 way to ! highe/         
celebrity 9 8  pr(ession4  ,yet he 0    
always haunt$ by a pa9ful & almo/       
oppressive  s5se ( 8 own                
disqualifications1 & nev] ceas$ lab\r+  
to rem$y  !m4  ,8 autobiography is a    
lesson ( in/ructive facts1 wor? volumes 
( s5tim5t1 & well des]ves a c>eful      
p]usal4    ,sir ,walt] ,scott 0 accu/om$
 to cite ! case ( 8 "y fri5d ,john      
,leyd5 z "o ( ! mo/ rem>kable           
illu/rations ( ! p[] (  p]sev]ance :i*  
he _h ev] kn[n4  ,! son ( a %eph]d 9 "o 
(  ! wilde/ valleys ( ,roxburgh%ire1 he 
0 almo/ entirely self  educat$4  ,l _m  
,scot* %eph]ds' sons--l ,hogg1 :o taught
 himself  to write by copy+ ! lett]s ( a
 pr9t$ book z he lay wat*+ 8  flock on !
 hill-side--l ,cairns1 :o f t5d+ %eep on
 !  ,lamm]moors1 rais$ himself by d9t ( 
application & indu/ry to !  pr(essor's  
*air :i* he n[ s wor?ily holds--l       
,murray1 ,f]guson1  & _m m1 ,leyd5 0    
e>ly inspir$ by a ?ir/ = k4  ,:5  a poor

 b>efoot$ boy1 he walk$ six or eight    
miles across ! moors  daily to le>n     
read+ at ! little village s*oolh\se (   
,kirkton2 &  ?is 0 all ! education he   
receiv$2 ! re/ he acquir$ = himself4    
,he f\nd 8 way to ,ed9burgh to att5d !  
college !re1 sett+ !  extreme/ p5ury at 
defiance4  ,he 0 fir/ discov]$ z a      
frequ5t] (  a small booksell]'s %op kept
 by ,ar*ibald ,con/able1 aft]w>ds s well
  kn[n z a publi%]4  ,he w\ld pass h\r  
aft] h\r p]*$ on a ladd]  9 mid-air1 )  
"s great folio 9 8 h&1 =getful ( !      
scanty  meal ( bread & wat] :i* await$  
him at 8 mis]able lodg+4  ,access to    
books & lectures compris$ all )9 ! b\nds
 ( 8  wi%es4  ,?us he toil$ & battl$ at 
! gates ( sci5ce until 8  unconqu]able  
p]sev]ance c>ri$ ev]y?+ be=e x4  ,be=e  
he _h  atta9$ 8 n9ete5? ye> he _h       
a/oni%$ all ! pr(essors 9  ,ed9burgh by 
8 pr(\nd k ( ,greek & ,lat91 & ! g5]al  
mass ( in=mation he _h acquir$4  ,hav+  
turn$ 8 views to ,india1  he s\ght      
employm5t 9 ! civil s]vice1 b fail$4    

,he 0 h[ev]  in=m$ t a surgeon's        
assi/ant's commission 0 op5 to him4  ,b 
he  0 no surgeon1 & knew no m ( !       
pr(ession ?an a *ild4  ,he  c\ld h[ev]  
le>n4  ,!n he 0 told t he mu/ be ready  
to pass 9  six mon?s6  ,no?+ daunt$1 he 
set to "w1 to acquire 9 six mon?s  :at  
usually requir$ ?ree ye>s4  ,at ! end ( 
six mon?s he took 8  degree ) hon\r4    
,scott & a few fri5ds help$ to fit him  
out2 &  he sail$ = ,india1 aft] publi%+ 
8 beautiful poem #8,! ,sc5es (          
,infancy4'  ,9 ,india he promis$ to     
become "o ( ! greate/ ( ori5tal  s*ol>s1
 b 0 unhappily cut (f by fev] caught by 
exposure1 & di$  at an e>ly age4    ,!  
life ( ! late ,dr4 ,lee1 ,pr(essor (    
,hebrew at ,cambridge1 furni%es  "o ( ! 
mo/ rem>kable in/ances 9 mod]n times ( !
 p[] (  pati5t p]sev]ance & resolute    
purpose 9 work+ out an hon\rable  c>e] 9
 lit]ature4  ,he receiv$ 8 education at 
a *>ity s*ool at  ,lognor1 ne>          
,%rewsbury1 b s little di/+ui%$ himself 
!re1 t  8 ma/] pron\nc$ him "o ( !      

dulle/ boys t ev] pass$  ?r\gh 8 h&s4   
,he 0 put appr5tice to a c>p5t]1 & work$
 at  t trade until he arriv$ at manhood4
  ,to occupy 8 leisure h\rs he  took to 
read+2 &1 "s ( ! books conta9+ ,lat9    
quotations1 he  became desir\s (        
asc]ta9+ :at !y meant4  ,he b\ght a     
,lat9  gramm>1 & proce$$ to le>n ,lat94 
,z ,/one1 ! ,duke ( ,argyle's  g>d5]1   
said1 long be=e1 8,does "o ne$ to "k    
any?+ m ?an  ! tw5ty-f\r lett]s 9 ord]  
to le>n ev]y?+ else t "o  wi%es80  ,lee 
rose e>ly & sat up late1 & he succe$$ 9 
ma/]+  ! ,lat9 be=e 8 appr5tice%ip 0    
out4  ,:il/ work+ "o day 9  "s place (  
wor%ip1 a copy ( a ,greek ,te/am5t fell 
9 8 way1 &  he 0 imm$iately fill$ ) !   
desire to le>n t language4  ,he         
accord+ly sold "s ( 8 ,lat9 books1 &    
pur*as$ a ,greek ,gramm>  & ,lexicon4   
,tak+ pleasure 9 le>n+1 he soon ma/]$ ! 
language4  ,!n he sold 8 ,greek books1 &
 b\ght ,hebrew ones1 & le>nt t          
language1 unassi/$ by any in/ructor1 )\t
 any hope ( fame or  rew>d1 b simply    

foll[+ ! b5t ( 8 g5ius4  ,he next       
proce$$  to le>n ! ,*aldee1 ,syriac1 &  
,sam>itan dialects4  ,b 8 /udies  began 
to tell ^u 8 heal?1 & br\ght on disease 
9 8 eyes ?r\gh  8 long night wat*+s ) 8 
books4  ,hav+ laid !m aside = a  "t &   
recov]$ 8 heal?1 he w5t on ) 8 daily "w4
  ,8  "* z a tradesman be+ excell5t1 8  
bus9ess improv$1 & 8  means enabl$ him  
to m>ry1 :i* he did :5 tw5ty-eight ye>s 
old4  ,he  det]m9$ n[ to devote himself 
to ! ma9t5ance ( 8 family1 & to  r5\nce 
! luxury ( lit]ature2 accord+ly he sold 
all 8 books4  ,he  might h cont9u$ a    
work+ c>p5t] all 8 life1 _h n ! *e/  (  
tools ^u :i* he dep5d$ = subsi/5ce be5  
de/roy$ by fire1  & de/itution />$ him 9
 ! face4  ,he 0 too poor to buy new     
tools1 s he be?\ght him ( tea*+ *ildr5  
_! lett]s1--a  pr(ession requir+ ! lea/ 
possible capital4  ,b ?\gh he _h  ma/]$ 
_m languages1 he 0 s defective 9 !      
common bran*es (  k1 t at fir/ he c\ld n
 tea* !m4  ,resolute ( purpose1  h[ev]1 
he assidu\sly set to "w1 & taught       

himself ari?metic &  writ+ to su* a     
degree z to be able to imp>t ! k ( ^!   
bran*es to little *ildr54  ,8 unaffect$1
 simple1 & beautiful  "* gradually      
attract$ fri5ds1 & ! acquirem5ts ( !    
8le>n$ c>p5t]0 became bruit$ abroad4    
,dr4 ,scott1 a neighb\r+  cl]gyman1     
obta9$ = him ! appo9tm5t ( ma/] ( a     
*>ity s*ool  9 ,%rewsbury1 & introduc$  
him to a di/+ui%$ ,ori5tal s*ol>4  ,^!  
fri5ds suppli$ him ) books1 & ,lee      
successively ma/]$  ,arabic1 ,p]sic1 &  
,h9do/anee4  ,he cont9u$ to pursue 8    
/udies  :ile on duty z a private 9 !    
local militia ( ! c\nty2 gradually      
acquir+ great] pr(ici5cy 9 languages4   
,at l5g? 8 k9d patron1  ,dr4 ,scott1    
enabl$ ,lee to ent] ,que5's ,college1   
,cambridge2 & aft] a  c\rse ( /udy1 9   
:i* he di/+ui%$ himself by 8 ma!matical 
acquirem5ts1 a vacancy occurr+ 9 !      
pr(essor%ip ( ,arabic &  ,hebrew1 he 0  
wor?ily elect$ to fill ! hon\rable      
(fice4  ,besides  ably p]=m+ 8 duties z 
a pr(essor1 he volunt>ily gave mu* (  8 

"t to ! in/ruction ( mission>ies go+ =? 
to prea* !  ,gospel to ea/]n tribes 9 _!
 own tongue4  ,he also made translations
  ( ! ,bible into sev]al ,asiatic       
dialects2 & hav+ ma/]$ ! ,new  ,zeal&   
language1 he arrang$ a gramm> &         
vocabul>y = two ,new  ,zeal& *iefs :o 7 
!n 9 ,engl&1 :i* books are n[ 9 daily   
use  9 ! ,new ,zeal& s*ools4  ,su*1 9   
brief1 is ! rem>kable hi/ory (  ,dr4    
,samuel ,lee2 & x is b ! c\nt]p>t (     
num]\s simil>ly  in/ructive examples ( !
 p[] ( p]sev]ance 9 self-culture1 z     
display$ 9 ! lives ( _m ( ! mo/ di/+ui%$
 ( our lit]>y  & sci5tific m54    ,!re  
are _m o!r illu/ri\s names :i* might be 
cit$ to prove !  tru? ( ! common say+ t 
8x is nev] too late to le>n40  ,ev5 at  
advanc$ ye>s m5 c d mu*1 if !y w det]m9e
 on mak+ a  beg9n+4  ,sir ,h5ry ,spelman
 did n beg9 ! /udy ( sci5ce until he  0 
betwe5 fifty & sixty ye>s ( age4        
,frankl9 0 fifty be=e he  fully ent]$ ^u
 ! /udy ( ,natural ,philosophy4  ,dryd5 
& ,scott  7 n kn[n z au?ors until ea* 0 

9 8 =tie? ye>4  ,boccaccio  0 ?irty-five
 :5 he comm5c$ 8 lit]>y c>e]1 & ,alfi]i 
0  =ty-six :5 he began ! /udy ( ,greek4 
,dr4 ,arnold le>nt ,g]man at  an advanc$
 age1 = ! purpose ( read+ ,niebuhr 9 !  
orig9al2 &  9 l mann] ,james ,watt1 :5  
ab\t =ty1 :ile work+ at 8 trade  ( an   
in/rum5t mak] 9 ,glasg[1 le>nt ,fr5*1   
,g]man1 & ,italian1 to  enable himself  
to p]use ! valuable works on me*anical  
philosophy  :i* exi/$ 9 ^? languages4   
,?omas ,scott 0 fifty-six be=e he  began
 to le>n ,hebrew4  ,rob]t ,hall 0 once  
f\nd ly+ ^u ! floor1  rack$ by pa91     
le>n+ ,italian 9 8 old age1 to enable   
him to judge  ( ! p>allel drawn by      
,macaulay betwe5 ,milton & ,dante4      
,h&el 0  =ty-eight be=e he publi%$ any (
 8 great works4  ,inde$ hundr$s  (      
in/ances might be giv5 ( m5 :o /ruck out
 an entirely new pa?1  & successfully   
ent]$ on new /udies1 at a comp>atively  
advanc$ "t  ( life4  ,none b ! frivol\s 
or ! indol5t w say1 8,i am too old  to  
le>n40 #ced    ,& "h we w\ld repeat :at 

we h said be=e1 t x is n m5 (  g5ius :o 
move ! _w & take ! lead 9 x1 s mu* z m5 
(  /eadfa/ness1 purpose1 & indefatigable
 indu/ry4  ,not)/&+ !  _m und5iable     
in/ances ( ! precocity ( m5 ( g5ius1 x  
is  nev]!less true t e>ly clev]ness     
gives no indication ( ! height  to :i* !
 gr[n man w rea*4  ,precocity is        
sometimes a symptom (  disease r ?an (  
intellectual vig\r4  ,:at becomes ( all 
!  8rem>kably clev] *ildr580  ,:]e are !
 duxes & prize boys8  ,trace  !m ?r\gh  
life1 & x w frequ5tly be f\nd t ! dull  
boys1  :o 7 beat5 at s*ool1 h %ot ahead 
( !m4  ,! clev] boys are  rew>d$1 b !   
prizes :i* !y ga9 by _! great] quickness
 &  facility d n always prove ( use to  
!m4  ,:at ought r to be  rew>d$ is !    
endeav\r1 ! /ruggle1 & ! ob$i5ce2 = x is
 !  y\? :o does 8 be/1 ?\gh end[$ ) an  
inf]iority ( natural  p[]s1 t ought     
above all o!rs to be enc\rag$4    ,an   
int]e/+ *apt] might be writt5 on !      
subject ( illu/ri\s  dunces--dull boys1 
b brilliant m54  ,we h room1 h[ev]1 =   

only a  few in/ances4  ,pietro di       
,cortona1 ! pa9t]1 0 ?\ght s /upid  t he
 0 nicknam$ 8,ass's ,head0 :5 a boy2 &  
,tomaso ,guidi 0  g5]ally kn[n z 8,heavy
 ,tom0 7,massaccio ,tomasaccio71 ?\gh by
  dilig5ce he aft]w>ds rais$ himself to 
! highe/ em95ce4  ,newton1  :5 at s*ool1
 /ood at ! bottom ( ! l[e/ =m b "o4  ,! 
boy  above ,newton hav+ kick$ him1 !    
dunce %[$ 8 pluck by *all5g+  him to a  
fight1 & beat him4  ,!n he set to "w ) a
 w1 &  det]m9$ also to vanqui% 8        
antagoni/ z a s*ol>1 :i* he did1  ris+  
to ! top ( 8 class4  ,_m ( our greate/  
div9es h be5  any?+ b precoci\s4  ,isaac
 ,b>r[1 :5 a boy at ! ,*>t]h\se  ,s*ool1
 0 notori\s *iefly = 8 /rong temp]1     
pugnaci\s habits1  & prov]bial idl5ess z
 a s*ol>2 & he caus$ su* grief to 8     
p>5ts t 8 fa!r us$ to say t1 if x pleas$
 ,god to take f  him any ( 8 *ildr51 he 
hop$ x might be ,isaac1 ! lea/ promis+  
( !m all4  ,adam ,cl>ke1 :5 a boy1 0    
proclaim$ by 8 fa!r to be  8a griev\s   
dunce20 ?\gh he c\ld roll l>ge /ones    

ab\t4  ,dean ,swift  0 8pluck$0 at      
,dubl9 ,univ]sity1 & only obta9$ 8      
recomm5dation  to ,ox=d 8speciali       
gratia40  ,! well-kn[n ,dr4 ,*alm]s &   
,dr4 ,cook  #cef;a 7 boys toge!r at !   
p>i% s*ool ( ,/4 ,&rew's2 & !y  7 f\nd s
 /upid & mis*iev\s1 t ! ma/]1 irritat$  
beyond  measure1 dismiss$ !m bo? z      
incorrigible dunces4    ,! brilliant    
,%]idan %[$ s little capacity z a boy1 t
 he 0  pres5t$ to a tutor by 8 "m ) !   
complim5t>y accompanim5t  t he 0 an     
incorrigible dunce4  ,walt] ,scott 0 all
 b a dunce :5  a boy1 always mu* readi] 
= a 8bick]10 ?an apt at 8 lessons4  ,at 
! ,ed9burgh ,univ]sity1 ,pr(essor       
,dalzell pron\nc$ ^u him !  s5t5ce t    
8,dunce he 01 & dunce he w\ld rema940   
,*att]ton 0  return$ on 8 "m's h&s z 8a 
fool1 ( :om no?+ c\ld be  made40  ,burns
 0 a dull boy1 good only at a?letic     
ex]cises4  ,goldsmi?  spoke ( himself1 z
 a plant t fl[]$ late4  ,alfi]i left    
college no  wis] ?an he ent]$ x1 & did n
 beg9 ! /udies by :i* he  di/+ui%$      

himself1 until he _h run half ov]       
,europe4  ,rob]t ,clive  0 a dunce1 if n
 a reprobate1 :5 a y\?2 b always full ( 
en]gy1  ev5 9 badness4  ,8 family1 glad 
to get rid ( him1 %ipp$ him (f to       
,madras2 & he liv$ to lay ! f\ndations (
 ! ,briti% p[] 9  ,india4  ,napoleon &  
,well+ton 7 bo? dull boys1 n di/+ui%+   
!mselves 9 any way at s*ool4 #cef;b  ,( 
! =m] ! ,du*ess  d',abrantes says1 8he  
_h good heal?1 b 0 9 o!r respects l  o!r
 boys40    ,ulysses ,grant1 !           
,comm&]-9-,*ief ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 0    
call$  8,useless ,grant0 by 8 "m--he 0 s
 dull & unh&y :5 a boy2 &  ,/onewall    
,jackson1 ,lee's greate/ lieut5ant1 01 9
 8 y\?1 *iefly  not$ = 8 sl[ness4  ,:ile
 a pupil at ,we/ ,po9t ,milit>y ,academy
 he  01 h[ev]1 equally rem>kable = 8    
indefatigable application &  p]sev]ance4
  ,:5 a task 0 set him1 he nev] left x  
until he _h  ma/]$ x2 nor did he ev]    
feign to possess k :i* he _h n  entirely
 acquir$4  8,aga9 & aga910 wrote "o :o  
knew him1 8:5  call$ ^u to answ]        

que/ions 9 ! recitation ( ! day1 he w\ld
  reply1 #8,i h n yet look$ at x2 ,i h  
be5 engag$ 9 ma/]+ !  recitation (      
ye/]day or ! day be=e4'  ,! result 0 t  
he  graduat$ sev5te5? 9 a class (       
sev5ty4  ,!re 0 probably 9 !  :ole class
 n a boy to :om ,jackson at ! outset 0 n
 inf]ior 9  k & atta9m5ts2 b at ! end ( 
! race he _h only sixte5  be=e him1 & _h
 out/ripp$ no few] ?an fifty-?ree4  ,x  
us$ to be  said ( him by 8              
contempor>ies1 t if ! c\rse _h be5 = t5 
ye>s in/ead ( f\r1 ,jackson w\ld h      
graduat$ at ! head ( 8  class40 #ceg    
,john ,h[>d1 ! philan?ropi/1 0 ano!r    
illu/ri\s dunce1 le>n+  next to no?+    
dur+ ! sev5 ye>s t he 0 at s*ool4       
,/eph5son1 z a y\?1 0 di/+ui%$ *iefly = 
8 skill at  putt+ & wre/l+1 & att5tion  
to 8 "w4  ,! brilliant ,sir  ,humphry   
,davy 0 no clev]] ?an o!r boys3 8 tea*]1
 ,dr4 ,c>dew1  once said ( him1 8,:ile  
he 0 ) me ,i c\ld n disc]n ! faculties  
by :i* he 0 s mu* di/+ui%$40  ,inde$1   
,davy himself 9 aft]  life consid]$ x   

=tunate t he _h be5 left to 8enjoy s mu*
  idl5ess0 at s*ool4  ,watt 0 a dull    
s*ol>1 not)/&+ !  /ories told ab\t 8    
precocity2 b he 01 :at 0 bett]1 pati5t  
& p]sev]ant1 & x 0 by su* qualities1 &  
by 8 c>efully  cultivat$ inv5tiv5ess1 t 
he 0 enabl$ to p]fect 8  /eam-eng9e4    
,:at ,dr4 ,arnold said ( boys is equally
 true ( m5--t ! diff]5ce  betwe5 "o boy 
& ano!r consi/s n s mu* 9 tal5t z 9     
en]gy4  ,giv5 p]sev]ance & en]gy soon   
becomes habitual4  ,provid$ ! dunce  has
 p]si/5cy & application he w inevitably 
head ! clev]]  fell[ )\t ^? qualities4  
,sl[ b sure w9s ! race4  ,x is          
p]sev]ance t expla9s h[ ! position (    
boys at s*ool is s (t5  rev]s$ 9 real   
life2 & x is curi\s to note h[ "s :o 7  
!n  s clev] h s9ce become s commonplace2
 :il/ o!rs1 dull boys1 (  :om no?+ 0    
expect$1 sl[ 9 _! faculties b sure 9 _! 
pace1 h assum$ ! position ( lead]s ( m54
  ,! au?or ( ?is  book1 :5 a boy1 /ood 9
 ! same class ) "o ( ! greate/ (        
dunces4  ,"o tea*] aft] ano!r _h tri$ 8 

skill ^u him &  fail$4  ,corporal       
puni%m5t1 ! fool's cap1 coax+1 & e>ne/  
entreaty1 prov$ alike fruitless4        
,sometimes ! exp]im5t 0 tri$ (  putt+   
him at ! top ( 8 class1 & x 0 curi\s to 
note !  rapidity ) :i* he gravitat$ to !
 inevitable bottom4  ,! y\?  0 giv5 up  
by 8 tea*]s z an incorrigible dunce--"o 
( !m  pron\nc+ him to be a 8/up5d\s     
booby40  ,yet1 sl[ ?\gh he 01  ?is dunce
 _h a sort ( dull en]gy ( purpose 9 him1
 :i* grew )  8 muscles & 8 manhood2 &1  
/range to say1 :5 he at l5g? came  to   
take "p 9 ! practical bus9ess ( life1 he
 0 f\nd head+ mo/  ( 8 s*ool companions1
 & ev5tually left ! great] numb] ( !m   
f> beh9d4  ,! la/ "t ! au?or he>d ( him1
 he 0 *ief  magi/rate ( 8 native t[n4   
,! tortoise 9 ! "r road w beat a rac] 9 
! wrong4  ,x  matt]s n ?\gh a y\? be    
sl[1 if he be b dilig5t4  ,quickness (  
p>ts may ev5 prove a defect1 inasmu* z !
 boy :o le>ns readily  w (t5 =get z     
readily2 & also because he f9ds no ne$ (
  cultivat+ t quality ( application &   

p]sev]ance :i* ! sl[]  y\? is compell$  
to ex]cise1 & :i* proves s valuable an  
elem5t  9 ! =mation ( e "*4  ,davy said 
8,:at ,i am ,i h made  myself20 & ! same
 holds true univ]sally4    ,to conclude3
 ! be/ culture is n obta9$ f tea*]s :5  
at  s*ool or college1 s mu* z by our own
 dilig5t self-education :5 we  h become 
m54  ,h5ce p>5ts ne$ n be 9 too great   
ha/e to see  _! *ildr5's tal5ts =c$ into
 bloom4  ,let !m wat* & wait  pati5tly1 
lett+ good example & quiet tra9+ d _!   
"w1 &  leave ! re/ to ,provid5ce4  ,let 
!m see to x t ! y\? is  provid$1 by free
 ex]cise ( 8 bodily p[]s1 ) a full /ock 
(  physical heal?2 set him fairly on !  
road ( self-culture2 c>efully  tra9 8   
habits ( application & p]sev]ance2 & z  
he gr[s old]1  if ! "r /uff be 9 him1 he
 w be enabl$ vigor\sly &  effectively to
 cultivate himself4          ,,*apt]    
,,xii4  ,,example--,,models4            
8,ev] _! phantoms rise be=e u1          
,our l(ti] bro!rs1 b "o 9 blood2        
,by b$ & table !y "l x o'er u1          

,) looks ( beauty & words (             
good40--,john ,/]l+4        8,*ildr5 may
 be /rangl$1 b ,de$s nev]2 !y h an      
inde/ructible life1 bo? 9 & out ( our   
consci\sness40--,george      ,eliot4    
8,!re is no action ( man 9 ?is life1 :i*
 is n ! beg9n+      ( s long a *a9 (    
consequ5ces1 z t no human provid5ce is  
high en\gh to give u a prospect to !    
end40--,?omas (      ,malmesbury4       
,,example is "o ( ! mo/ pot5t (         
in/ructors1 ?\gh x tea*es  )\t a tongue4
  ,x is ! practical s*ool ( mank9d1     
work+ by  action1 :i* is always m =cible
 ?an words4  ,precept may po9t to  u !  
way1 b x is sil5t cont9u\s example1     
convey$ to u by  habits1 & liv+ ) u 9   
fact1 t c>ries u along4  ,good advice   
has its weight3 b )\t ! accompanim5t ( a
 good example x is (  comp>atively small
 influ5ce2 & x w be f\nd t ! common     
say+ ( 8,d z ,i say1 n z ,i d10 is      
usually rev]s$ 9 ! actual  exp]i5ce (   
life4    ,all p]sons are m or less apt  
to le>n ?r\gh ! eye r ?an !  e>2 &1     

:atev] is se5 9 fact1 makes a f> deep]  
impression ?an  any?+ t is m]ely read or
 he>d4  ,?is is especially ! case 9     
e>ly y\?1 :5 ! eye is ! *ief inlet ( k4 
,:atev]  *ildr5 see !y unconsci\sly     
imitate4  ,!y ins5sibly come to         
resemble ^? :o are ab\t !m--z insects   
take ! col\r ( !  leaves !y fe$ on4     
,h5ce ! va/ importance ( dome/ic tra9+4 
,= :atev] may be ! effici5cy ( s*ools1 !
 examples set 9 our  ,homes mu/ always  
be ( va/ly great] influ5ce 9 =m+ !      
*>act]s ( our future m5 & wom54  ,!     
,home is ! cry/al (  society--! nucleus 
( national "*2 & f t s\rce1 be x  pure  
or ta9t$1 issue ! habits1 pr9ciples &   
maxims1 :i* gov]n  public z well z      
private life4  ,! nation comes f !      
nurs]y4  ,public op9ion itself is = !   
mo/ "p ! outgr[? ( ! home2 &  ! be/     
philan?ropy comes f ! fireside4  8,to   
love ! little  platoon we belong to 9   
society10 says ,burke1 8is ! g]m ( all  
public  affections40  ,f ?is little     
c5tral spot1 ! human sympa?ies may      

ext5d 9 an ev] wid5+ circle1 until ! _w 
is embrac$2 =1  ?\gh true philan?ropy1 l
 *>ity1 beg9s at home1 assur$ly x does  
n end !re4    ,example 9 conduct1 !re=e1
 ev5 9 app>5tly trivial matt]s1 is (  no
 light mom5t1 inasmu* z x is con/antly  
becom+ inwov5 ) !  lives ( o!rs1 &      
contribut+ to =m _! natures = bett] or =
  worse4  ,! *>act]s ( p>5ts are ?us    
con/antly repeat$ 9 _!  *ildr52 & ! acts
 ( affection1 discipl9e1 indu/ry1 &     
self-control1 :i* !y daily exemplify1   
live & act :5 all else  :i* may h be5   
le>n$ ?r\gh ! e> has long be5 =gott54   
,h5ce a wise man 0 accu/om$ to speak ( 8
 *ildr5 z 8 8future  /ate40  ,ev5 ! mute
 action & unconsci\s look ( a p>5t may  
give a  /amp to ! "* :i* is nev] effac$2
 & :o c tell h[ mu*  evil act has be5   
/ay$ by ! ?\ght ( "s good p>5t1 ^:      
memory  _! *ildr5 may n sully by !      
commission ( an unwor?y de$1 or  !      
indulg5ce ( an impure ?\ght8  ,! v]ie/  
trifles ?us become (  importance 9      
influ5c+ ! *>act]s ( m54  8,a kiss f my 

"m10 said ,we/1 8made me a pa9t]40  ,x  
is on ! direction ( su*  seem+ trifles  
:5 *ildr5 t ! future happ9ess & success 
(  m5 ma9ly dep5d4  ,f[ell ,buxton1 :5  
occupy+ an em95t &  influ5tial /ation 9 
life1 wrote to 8 "m1 8,i con/antly feel1
  especially 9 action & ex]tion = o!rs1 
! effects ( pr9ciples  e>ly implant$ by 
y 9 my m9d40  ,buxton 0 also accu/om$ to
  rememb] ) gratitude ! obligations :i* 
he ow$ to an illit]ate  man1 a          
gamekeep]1 nam$ ,abraham ,pla/[1 ) :om  
he play$1 & rode1  & sport$--a man :o   
c\ld nei!r read nor write1 b 0 full (   
natural good s5se & "m-wit4  8,:at made 
him p>ticul>ly  valuable10 says ,buxton1
 87 8 pr9ciples ( integrity & hon\r4    
,he  nev] said or did a ?+ 9 ! abs5ce ( 
my "m ( :i* %e w\ld  h disapprov$4  ,he 
always held up ! highe/ /&>d (          
integrity1  & fill$ our y\?ful m9ds )   
s5tim5ts z pure & z g5]\s z  c\ld be    
f\nd 9 ! writ+s ( ,s5eca or ,cic]o4     
,su* 0 my fir/  in/ructor1 &1 ,i mu/    
add1 my be/40    ,"l ,langdale1 look+   

back ^u ! admirable example set him by 8
  "m1 decl>$1 8,if ! :ole _w 7 put into 
"o scale1 & my  "m into ! o!r1 ! _w w\ld
 kick ! beam40  ,mrs4 ,s*immel  ,p5n9ck1
 9 h] old age1 0 accu/om$ to call to m9d
 ! p]sonal  influ5ce ex]cis$ by h] "m ^u
 ! society amid/ :i* %e  mov$4  ,:5 %e  
ent]$ a room x _h ! effect ( imm$iately 
rais+  ! tone ( ! conv]sation1 & z if   
purify+ ! moral  atmosph]e--all seem+ to
 brea! m freely1 & /& m erectly4  8,9 h]
 pres5ce10 says ! daught]1 8,i became = 
! "t trans=m$  into ano!r p]son40  ,s   
mu* does %e moral heal? dep5d ^u !      
moral atmosph]e t is brea!d1 & s great  
is ! influ5ce daily  ex]cis$ by p>5ts   
ov] _! *ildr5 by liv+ a life be=e _!    
eyes1 t p]haps ! be/ sy/em ( p>5tal     
in/ruction might be  summ$ up 9 ^! two  
words3 8,improve ?yself40    ,!re is    
some?+ solemn & awful 9 ! ?\ght t !re is
 n an  act done or a ^w utt]$ by a human
 be+ b c>ries ) x a tra9  ( consequ5ces1
 ! end ( :i* we may nev] trace4  ,n "o  
b1 to a  c]ta9 ext5t1 gives a col\r to  

our life1 & ins5sibly influ5ces !  lives
 ( ^? ab\t u4  ,! good de$ or ^w w live1
 ev5 ?\gh we  may n see x fructify1 b s 
w ! bad2 & no p]son is s  insignificant 
z to be sure t 8 example w n d good on !
 "o  h&1 or evil on ! o!r4  ,! spirits (
 m5 d n die3 !y /ill  live & walk abroad
 among u4  ,x 0 a f9e & a true ?\ght    
utt]$  by ,mr4 ,disraeli 9 ! ,h\se (    
,commons on ! dea? ( ,ri*>d ,cobd51  t  
8he 0 "o ( ^? m5 :o1 ?\gh n pres5t1 7   
/ill memb]s  ( t ,h\se1 :o 7 indep5d5t (
 dissolutions1 ( ! caprices (           
con/itu5cies1 & ev5 ( ! c\rse ( "t40    
,!re is1 inde$1 an ess5ce ( immortality 
9 ! life ( man1 ev5 9  ?is _w4  ,no     
individual 9 ! univ]se /&s alone2 he is 
a  compon5t "p ( a sy/em ( mutual       
dep5d5cies2 & by 8 sev]al  acts he ei!r 
increases or dim9i%es ! sum ( human good
 n[ & =  ev]4  ,z ! pres5t is root$ 9 ! 
pa/1 & ! lives & examples  ( our =efa!rs
 /ill to a great ext5t influ5ce u1 s are
 we by our  daily acts contribut+ to =m 
! condition & "* ( !  future4  ,man is a

 fruit =m$ & rip5$ by ! culture ( all ! 
=ego+ c5turies2 & ! liv+ g5]ation       
cont9ues ! magnetic  curr5t ( action &  
example de/9$ to b9d ! remote/ pa/ ) !  
mo/ di/ant future4  ,no man's acts die  
utt]ly2 & ?\gh 8 body may  resolve into 
du/ & air1 8 good or 8 bad de$s w /ill  
be  br++ =? fruit aft] _! k9d1 &        
influ5c+ future g5]ations  = all "t to  
come4  ,x is 9 ?is mom5t\s & solemn fact
 t !  great p]il & responsibility (     
human exi/5ce lies4    ,mr4 ,babbage has
 s p[]fully express$ ?is idea 9 a noble 
passage 9  "o ( 8 writ+s t we "h v5ture 
to quote 8 words3 8,e  atom10 he says1  
8impress$ ) good or ill1 reta9s at once 
! motions  :i* philosoph]s & sages h    
imp>t$ to x1 mix$ & comb9$ 9  t5 ?\s&   
ways ) all t is wor?less & base2 ! air  
itself is  "o va/ libr>y1 on ^: pages   
are writt5 = ev] all t man has  ev] said
 or :isp]$4  ,!re1 9 _! immutable b     
un]r+  *>act]s1 mix$ ) ! e>lie/ z well z
 ! late/ sighs (  mortality1 /& = ev]   
record$ v[s unr$eem$1 promises          

unfulfill$2  p]petuat+1 9 ! unit$       
movem5ts ( ea* p>ticle1 ! te/imony (    
man's *angeful w4  ,b1 if ! air we brea!
 is ! nev]-fail+  hi/orian ( ! s5tim5ts 
we h utt]$1 e>?1 air1 & ocean1 are1  9 l
 mann]1 ! et]nal witnesses ( ! acts we h
 done2 ! same  pr9ciple ( ! equality (  
action & reaction applies to !m4  ,no   
motion impress$ by natural causes1 or by
 human ag5cy1 is ev]  oblit]at$4 4 4 4  
,if ! ,almighty /amp$ on ! br[ ( ! fir/ 
murd]] ! indelible & visible m>k ( 8    
guilt1 ,he has also  e/abli%$ laws by   
:i* e succe$+ crim9al is n less         
irrevocably *a9$ to ! te/imony ( 8      
crime2 = e atom ( 8  mortal frame1 ?r\gh
 :atev] *anges its sev]$ p>ticles may   
migrate1  w /ill reta9 adh]+ to x1 ?r\gh
 e comb9ation1 "s  movem5t d]iv$ f t v  
muscul> ef=t by :i* ! crime itself  0   
p]petrat$40    ,?us1 e act we d or ^w we
 utt]1 z well z e act we witness  or ^w 
we he>1 c>ries ) x an influ5ce :i*      
ext5ds ov]1 &  gives a col\r1 n only to 
! :ole ( our future life1 b makes       

itself felt ^u ! :ole frame ( society4  
,we may n1 & inde$  _c1 possibly1 trace 
! influ5ce work+ itself into action 9   
its  v>i\s ramifications among/ our     
*ildr51 our fri5ds1 or associates2  yet 
!re x is assur$ly1 work+ on = ev]4  ,&  
h]e9 lies !  great significance ( sett+ 
=? a good example1--a sil5t tea*+  :i*  
ev5 ! poore/ & lea/ significant p]son c 
practise 9 8  daily life4  ,!re is no "o
 s humble1 b t he owes to o!rs ?is      
simple b priceless in/ruction4  ,ev5 !  
meane/ condition may ?us be  made       
useful2 = ! light set 9 a l[ place %9es 
z fai?fully z  t set ^u a hill4         
,ev]y:]e1 & "u almo/ all circum/ances1  
h[ev] ext]nally adv]se--9 moorl& %iel+s1
 9 cottage hamlets1 9  ! close alleys ( 
great t[ns--! true man may gr[4  ,he :o 
tills a  space ( e>? sc>ce bigg] ?an is 
ne$$ = 8 grave1 may "w z  fai?fully1 &  
to z good purpose1 z ! heir to ?\s&s4   
,!  commone/ work%op may ?us be a s*ool 
( indu/ry1 sci5ce1 & good  morals1 on ! 
"o h&2 or ( idl5ess1 folly1 & depravity1

 on !  o!r4  ,x all dep5ds on !         
individual m51 & ! use !y make (  !     
opportunities = good :i* (f] !mselves4  
,a life well sp5t1 a "* uprightly       
su/a9$1 is no slight legacy  to leave to
 "o's *ildr51 & to ! _w2 = x is ! mo/   
eloqu5t  lesson ( virtue & ! sev]e/     
repro( ( vice1 :ile x cont9ues an       
endur+ s\rce ( ! be/ k9d ( ri*es4  ,well
 = ^? :o c say1  z ,pope did1 9 rejo9d] 
to ! s>casm ( ,"l ,h]vey1 8,i ?9k x     
en\gh t my p>5ts1 su* z !y 71 nev] co/  
me a blu%1 &  t _! son1 su* z he is1    
nev] co/ !m a te>40    ,x is n en\gh to 
tell o!rs :at !y are to d1 b to exhibit 
!  actual example ( do+4  ,:at ,mrs4    
,*i%olm describ$ to ,mrs4 ,/[e z  !     
secret ( h] success1 applies to all     
life4  8,i f\nd10 %e said1  8t if we    
want any?+ done1 we mu/ g to "w & d3 x  
is (  no use m]ely to talk--none        
:atev]40  ,x is poor eloqu5ce t only    
%[s h[ a p]son c talk4  ,_h ,mrs4       
,*i%olm re/$ satisfi$ )  lectur+1 h]    
project1 %e 0 p]suad$1 w\ld nev] h got  

beyond  ! region ( talk2 b :5 p saw :at 
%e 0 do+ & _h  actually accompli%$1 !y  
fell 9 ) h] views & came =w>d to  help  
h]4  ,h5ce ! mo/ b5efic5t work] is n he 
:o says ! mo/  eloqu5t ?+s1 or ev5 :o   
?9ks ! mo/ l(tily1 b he :o does !  mo/  
eloqu5t acts4    ,true-he>t$ p]sons1 ev5
 9 ! humble/ /ation 9 life1 :o are      
en]getic do]s1 may ?us give an impulse  
to good works out ( all  proportion1    
app>5tly1 to _! actual /ation 9 society4
  ,?omas  ,wright might h talk$ ab\t !  
reclamation ( crim9als1 & ,john  ,p\nds 
ab\t ! necessity = ,ragg$ ,s*ools1 & yet
 done no?+2  in/ead ( :i* !y simply set 
to "w )\t any o!r idea 9 _!  m9ds ?an t 
( do+1 n talk+4  ,& h[ ! example ( ev5 !
  poore/ man may tell ^u society1 he>   
:at ,dr4 ,gu?rie1 ! apo/le (  ! ,ragg$  
,s*ool movem5t1 says ( ! influ5ce :i* ! 
example (  ,john ,p\nds1 ! humble       
,portsm\? cobbl]1 ex]cis$ ^u 8 own      
work+ c>e]3--    8,! int]e/ ,i h be5 l$ 
to take 9 ?is cause is an example ( h[1 
9 ,provid5ce1 a man's de/9y--8 c\rse (  

life1 l t ( a  riv]--may be det]m9$ &   
affect$ by v trivial circum/ances4  ,x  
is r curi\s--at lea/ x is int]e/+ to me 
to rememb]--t x  0 by a picture ,i 0    
fir/ l$ to take an int]e/ 9 ragg$       
s*ools--by  a picture 9 an old1 obscure1
 decay+ burgh t /&s on ! %ores (  !     
,fri? ( ,=?1 ! bir?place ( ,?omas       
,*alm]s4  ,i w5t to see  ?is place _m   
ye>s ago2 &1 go+ into an inn =          
refre%m5t1 ,i  f\nd ! room cov]$ )      
pictures ( %eph]desses ) _! crooks1  &  
sailors 9 holiday attire1 n p>ticul>ly  
int]e/+4  ,b above  ! *imney-piece !re 0
 a l>ge pr9t1 m respectable ?an its     
neighb\rs1 :i* repres5t$ a cobbl]'s     
room4  ,! cobbl] 0 !re  himself1        
spectacles on nose1 an old %oe betwe5 8 
knees--! massive  =ehead & firm m\?     
indicat+ great det]m9ation ( "*1 &1     
b5ea? 8 bu%y eyebr[s1 b5evol5ce gleam$  
out on a numb] ( poor  ragg$ boys &     
girls :o /ood at _! lessons r\nd ! busy 
cobbl]4  ,my curiosity 0 awak5$2 & 9 !  
inscription ,i read h[ ?is man1  ,john  

,p\nds1 a cobbl] 9 ,portsm\?1 tak+ pity 
on ! multitude (  poor ragg$ *ildr5 left
 by m9i/]s & magi/rates1 & ladies &     
g5tlem51 to g to ru9 on ! /reets--h[1 l 
a good %eph]d1 he  ga!r$ 9 ^! wret*$    
outca/s--h[ he _h tra9$ !m to ,god & to 
! _w--& h[1 :ile e>n+ 8 daily bread by !
 sweat ( 8  br[1 he _h rescu$ f mis]y & 
sav$ to society n less ?an five  hundr$ 
( ^! *ildr54  ,i felt a%am$ ( myself4   
,i felt reprov$  = ! little ,i _h done4 
,my feel+s 7 t\*$4  ,i 0 a/oni%$  at ?is
 man's a*ievem5ts2 & ,i well rememb]1 9 
! en?usiasm ( !  mom5t1 say+ to my      
companion 7& ,i h se5 9 my cool] & calm]
  mom5ts no reason = unsay+ !           
say+7--#8,t man is an hon\r to          
humanity1 & des]ves ! talle/ monum5t ev]
 rais$ )9 ! %ores  ( ,brita94'  ,i took 
up t man's hi/ory1 & ,i f\nd x animat$  
by  ! _s ( ,him :o #8_h compassion on ! 
multitude4'  ,john ,p\nds 0  a clev] man
 besides2 &1 l ,paul1 if he c\ld n w9 a 
poor boy any  o!r way1 he won him by    
art4  ,he w\ld be se5 *as+ a ragg$ boy  

along ! quays1 & compell+ him to come to
 s*ool1 n by ! p[]  ( a policeman1 b by 
! p[] ( a hot potato4  ,he knew ! love  
an  ,iri%man _h = a potato2 & ,john     
,p\nds might be se5 runn+ hold+  "u !   
boy's nose a potato1 l an ,iri%man1 v   
hot1 & ) a  coat z ragg$ z himself4  ,:5
 ! day comes :5 hon\r w be done  to :om 
hon\r is due1 ,i c fancy ! cr[d ( ^? ^: 
fame poets  h sung1 & to ^: memory      
monum5ts h be5 rais$1 divid+ l  ! wave1 
&1 pass+ ! great1 & ! noble1 & ! mighty 
( !  l&1 ?is poor1 obscure old man /epp+
 =w>d & receiv+ !  especial notice (    
,him :o said #8,inasmu* z ye did x to "o
 ( !  lea/ ( ^!1 ye did x also to ,me4'0
    ,! education ( "* is v mu* a "q (   
models2 we m\ld  ourselves s            
unconsci\sly aft] ! *>act]s1 mann]s1    
habits1 &  op9ions ( ^? :o are ab\t u4  
,good rules may d mu*1 b good  models f>
 m2 = 9 ! latt] we h in/ruction 9       
action--wisdom  at "w4  ,good admonition
 & bad example only build ) "o h& to    
pull d[n ) ! o!r4  ,h5ce ! va/          

importance ( ex]cis+ great  c>e 9 !     
selection ( companions1 especially 9    
y\?4  ,!re is a  magnetic aff9ity 9 "y  
p]sons :i* ins5sibly t5ds to assimilate 
!m to ea* o!r's lik5ess4  ,mr4 ,edgewor?
 0 s /rongly conv9c$  t f sympa?y !y    
involunt>ily imitat$ or caught ! tone ( 
!  company !y frequ5t$1 t he held x to  
be ( ! mo/ ess5tial  importance t !y    
%\ld be taught to select ! v be/ models4
  8,no company1 or good company10 0 8   
motto4  ,"l ,coll+wood1 writ+  to a "y  
fri5d1 said1 8,hold x z a maxim t y _h  
bett] be alone  ?an 9 mean company4     
,let y\r companions be su* z y\rself1 or
  sup]ior2 = ! wor? ( a man w always be 
rul$ by t ( 8  company40  ,x 0 a rem>k (
 ! fam\s ,dr4 ,syd5ham t ev]ybody "s  "t
 or o!r w\ld be ! bett] or ! worse =    
hav+ b spok5 to a  good or a bad man4   
,z ,sir ,pet] ,lely made x a rule nev]  
to look at a  bad picture if he c\ld    
help x1 believ+ t :5ev] he did s 8      
p5cil caught a ta9t f x1 s1 :oev] *ooses
 to gaze (t5 ^u a  debas$ specim5 (     

humanity & to frequ5t 8 society1 _c help
  gradually assimilat+ himself to t sort
 ( model4    ,x is !re=e advisable = "y 
m5 to seek ! fell[%ip ( !  good1 &      
always to aim at a high] /&>d ?an       
!mselves4  ,francis  ,horn]1 speak+ ( ! 
advantages to himself ( direct p]sonal  
int]c\rse ) high-m9d$1 intellig5t m51   
said1 8,i _c hesitate  to decide t ,i h 
d]iv$ m intellectual improvem5t f !m    
?an f all ! books ,i h turn$ ov]40  ,"l 
,%elburne 7aft]w>ds  ,m>quis (          
,lansd[ne71 :5 a "y man1 paid a visit to
 ! v5]able  ,male%]bes1 & 0 s mu*       
impress$ by x1 t he said1--8,i h        
travell$ mu*1 b ,i h nev] be5 s influ5c$
 by p]sonal contact  ) any man2 & if ,i 
ev] accompli% any good 9 ! c\rse ( my   
life1  ,i am c]ta9 t ! recollection (   
,m4 de ,male%]bes w animate my  s\l40   
,s ,f[ell ,buxton 0 always ready to     
ackn[l$ge ! p[]ful  influ5ce ex]cis$ ^u 
! =mation ( 8 "* 9 e>ly life by  !      
example ( ! ,gurney family3 8,x has giv5
 a col\r to my life10 he  us$ to say4   

,speak+ ( 8 success at ! ,dubl9         
,univ]sity1 he  confess$1 8,i c ascribe 
x to no?+ b my ,e>lham visits40  ,x 0  f
 ! ,gurneys he 8caught ! infection0 (   
self-improvem5t4    ,contact ) ! good   
nev] fails to imp>t good1 & we c>ry away
 )  u "s ( ! bless+1 z travell]s' g>m5ts
 reta9 ! od\r ( !  fl[]s & %rubs ?r\gh  
:i* !y h pass$4  ,^? :o knew !  late    
,john ,/]l+ intimately1 h spok5 ( !     
b5eficial influ5ce  :i* he ex]cis$ on   
all ) :om he came into p]sonal contact4 
,_m  ow$ to him _! fir/ awak5+ to a     
high] be+2 f him !y le>nt  :at !y 71 &  
:at !y ought to be4  ,mr4 ,tr5* says (  
him3--8,x  0 impossible to come 9       
contact ) 8 noble nature )\t feel+  "o's
 self 9 "s measure ennobl$ & lift$ up1 z
 ,i ev] felt  :5 ,i left him1 into a    
high] region ( objects & aims ?an t 9   
:i* "o is tempt$ habitually to dwell40  
,x is ?us t ! noble  "* always acts2 we 
become ins5sibly elevat$ by him1 & _c   
help feel+ z he does & acquir+ ! habit (
 look+ at ?+s 9  ! same light4  ,su* is 

! magical action & reaction ( m9ds ^u   
ea* o!r4    ,arti/s1 also1 feel !mselves
 elevat$ by contact ) arti/s great]  ?an
 !mselves4  ,?us ,haydn's g5ius 0 fir/  
fir$ by ,h&el4  ,he>+  him play1        
,haydn's ard\r = musical composition 0  
at once excit$1 &  b = ?is circum/ance1 
he himself believ$ t he w\ld nev] h     
writt5 ! #8,creation4'  ,speak+ ( ,h&el1
 he said1 8,:5 he *ooses1  he /rikes l !
 ?und]bolt20 & at ano!r "t1 8,!re is n a
  note ( him b draws blood40  ,sc>latti 
0 ano!r ( ,h&el's ard5t  admir]s1 foll[+
 him all ov] ,italy2 aft]w>ds1 :5 speak+
 ( !  great ma/]1 he w\ld cross himself 
9 tok5 ( admiration4  ,true  arti/s nev]
 fail g5]\sly to recognise ea* o!r's    
greatness4  ,?us  ,bee?ov5's admiration 
= ,*]ub9i 0 regal3 & he ard5tly hail$  !
 g5ius ( ,s*ub]t3 8,truly10 said he1 89 
,s*ub]t dwells a div9e  fire40  ,:5     
,nor?cote 0 a m]e y\? he _h su* an      
admiration =  ,reynolds t1 :5 ! great   
pa9t] 0 once att5d+ a public meet+  d[n 
9 ,devon%ire1 ! boy pu%$ ?r\gh ! cr[d1 &

 got s ne>  ,reynolds z to t\* ! skirt (
 8 coat1 8:i* ,i did10 says  ,nor?cote1 
8) great satisfaction to my m9d10--a    
true t\* ( y\?ful  en?usiasm 9 its      
admiration ( g5ius4    ,! example ( !   
brave is an inspiration to ! timid1 _!  
pres5ce  ?rill+ ?r\gh e fibre4  ,h5ce ! 
miracles ( val\r s (t5  p]=m$ by ord9>y 
m5 "u ! lead]%ip ( ! h]oic4  ,! v       
recollection ( ! de$s ( ! valiant /irs  
m5's blood l ! s\nd  ( a trumpet4       
,ziska bequea!d 8 sk9 to be us$ z a drum
 to inspire  ! val\r ( ! ,bohemians4    
,:5 ,sc&]beg1 pr9ce ( ,epirus1 0  dead1 
! ,turks wi%$ to possess 8 bones1 t ea* 
might we> a piece  next 8 he>t1 hop+ ?us
 to secure "s portion ( ! c\rage he _h  
display$ :ile liv+1 & :i* !y _h s (t5   
exp]i5c$ 9  battle4  ,:5 ! gallant      
,d\glas1 be>+ ! he>t ( ,bruce to ! ,holy
  ,l&1 saw "o ( 8 knights surr\nd$ &    
sorely press$ by !  ,s>ac5s1 he took f 8
 neck ! silv] case conta9+ ! h]o's      
beque/1 & ?r[+ x amid/ ! ?icke/ press ( 
8 foes1 cri$1  8,pass fir/ 9 fight1 z ?\

 w]t wont to d1 & ,d\glas w foll[  !e1  
or die20 & s say+1 he ru%$ =w>d to !    
place :]e x  fell1 & 0 !re sla94    ,!  
*ief use ( biography consi/s 9 ! noble  
models ( "* 9  :i* x ab\nds4  ,our great
 =efa!rs /ill live among u 9 !  records 
( _! lives1 z well z 9 ! acts !y h done1
 :i* live  also2 /ill sit by u at table1
 & hold u by ! h&2 furni%+  examples =  
our b5efit1 :i* we may /ill /udy1 admire
 & imitate4  ,inde$1 :oev] has left     
beh9d him ! record ( a noble life1 has  
bequea!d to po/]ity an endur+ s\rce (   
good1 = x s]ves z a  model = o!rs to =m 
!mselves by 9 all "t to come2 /ill      
brea?+ fre% life into m51 help+ !m to   
reproduce 8 life anew1  & to illu/rate 8
 "* 9 o!r =ms4  ,h5ce a book conta9+  ! 
life ( a true man is full ( preci\s se$4
  ,x is a /ill liv+  voice2 x is an     
intellect4  ,to use ,milton's words1 8x 
is ! preci\s  life-blood ( a ma/] _s1   
embalm$ & treasur$ up on purpose to a   
life beyond life40  ,su* a book nev]    
ceases to ex]cise an elevat+ &  ennobl+ 

influ5ce4  ,b1 above all1 !re is ! ,book
 conta9+ !  v highe/ ,example set be=e u
 to %ape our lives by 9 ?is  _w--! mo/  
suitable = all ! necessities ( our m9d &
 he>t--an  example :i* we c only foll[  
af> (f & feel aft]1        8,l plants or
 v9es :i* nev] saw ! sun1      ,b dream 
( him & guess :]e he may be1      ,& d  
_! be/ to climb & get to him40    ,aga91
 no "y man c rise f ! p]usal ( su* lives
 z ^? (  ,buxton & ,arnold1 )\t feel+ 8 
m9d & he>t made bett]1 &  8 be/ resolves
 invigorat$4  ,su* biographies increase 
a man's  self-reliance by demon/rat+ :at
 m5 c be1 & :at !y c d2  =tify+ 8 hopes 
& elevat+ 8 aims 9 life4  ,sometimes a  
"y  man discov]s himself 9 a biography1 
z ,correggio felt )9 him !  ris+s (     
g5ius on contemplat+ ! works ( ,mi*ael  
,angelo3 8,& ,i  too1 am a pa9t]10 he   
exclaim$4  ,sir ,samuel ,romilly1 9 8   
autobiography1 confess$ himself to h be5
 p[]fully influ5c$ by  ! life ( ! great 
& noble-m9d$ ,fr5* ,*ancellor           
,daguesseau3--8,!  works ( ,?omas10 says

 he1 8_h fall5 into my h&s1 & ,i _h read
 )  admiration 8 #8,eloge (             
,daguesseau2' & ! c>e] ( hon\r :i* he   
repres5t$ t illu/ri\s magi/rate to h    
run1 excit$ to a great  degree my ard\r 
& ambition1 & op5$ to my imag9ation new 
pa?s (  glory40    ,frankl9 0 accu/om$  
to attribute 8 usefulness & em95ce to 8 
hav+ e>ly read ,cotton ,ma!r's #8,essays
 to d ,good'--a book :i* grew  out (    
,ma!r's own life4  ,& see h[ good       
example draws o!r m5 aft]  x1 &         
propagates itself ?r\gh future g5]ations
 9 all l&s4  ,=  ,samuel ,drew av]s t he
 fram$ 8 own life1 & especially 8       
bus9ess habits1 aft] ! model left on    
record by ,b5jam9 ,frankl94  ,?us x is  
impossible to say :]e a good example may
 n rea*1 or :]e  x w end1 if inde$ x h  
an end4  ,h5ce ! advantage1 9  lit]ature
 z 9 life1 ( keep+ ! be/ society1 read+ 
! be/  books1 & wisely admir+ & imitat+ 
! be/ ?+s we f9d 9 !m4  8,9 lit]ature10 
said ,"l ,dudley1 8,i am fond ( conf9+  
myself to !  be/ company1 :i* consi/s   

*iefly ( my old acqua9tance1 ) :om ,i   
am desir\s ( becom+ m intimate2 & ,i    
suspect t n9e times out  ( t5 x is m    
pr(itable1 if n m agreeable1 to read an 
old book  ov] aga91 ?an to read a new "o
 = ! fir/ "t40    ,sometimes a book     
conta9+ a noble exempl> ( life1 tak5 up 
at r&om1  m]ely ) ! object ( read+ x z a
 pa/ime1 has be5 kn[n to call  =?       
en]gies ^: exi/5ce _h n be=e be5        
suspect$4  ,alfi]i  0 fir/ drawn )      
passion to lit]ature by read+           
#8,plut>*'s ,lives4'  ,loyola1 :5 a     
soldi] s]v+ at ! siege ( ,pampeluna1 &  
laid up by  a dang]\s w\nd 9 8 leg1 ask$
 = a book to div]t 8 ?\ghts3  ! #8,lives
 ( ! ,sa9ts' 0 br\ght to him1 & its     
p]usal s inflam$  8 m9d1 t he det]m9$   
!nce=? to devote himself to !  f\nd+ ( a
 religi\s ord]4  ,lu!r1 9 l mann]1 0    
inspir$ to  und]take ! great lab\rs ( 8 
life by a p]usal ( ! #8,life &  ,writ+s 
( ,john ,huss4'  ,dr4 ,wolff 0 /imulat$ 
to ent] ^u 8  mission>y c>e] by read+ ! 
#8,life ( ,francis ,xavi]2' & ! book    

fir$ 8 y\?ful bosom ) a passion ! mo/   
s9c]e & ard5t to  devote himself to !   
ent]prise ( 8 life4  ,william ,c>ey1    
also1 got  ! fir/ idea ( ent]+ ^u 8     
sublime lab\rs z a mission>y f  a p]usal
 ( ! ,voyages ( ,capta9 ,cook4          
,francis ,horn] 0 accu/om$ to note 9 8  
di>y & lett]s ! books  by :i* he 0 mo/  
improv$ & influ5c$4  ,among/ ^! 7       
,condorcet's #8,eloge ( ,hall]1' ,sir   
,jo%ua ,reynolds' #8,disc\rses1' !      
writ+s ( ,bacon1 & #8,burnet's ,acc\nt (
 ,sir ,mat!w ,hale4'  ,!  p]usal ( !    
la/-m5tion$ book--! portrait ( a prodigy
 (  lab\r--,horn] says1 fill$ him )     
en?usiasm4  ,( ,condorcet's #8,eloge (  
,hall]1' he said3 8,i nev] rise f !     
acc\nt ( su* m5 )\t a  sort ( ?rill+    
palpitation ab\t me1 :i* ,i "k n :e!r ,i
 %\ld  call admiration1 ambition1 or    
despair40  ,& speak+ ( ! #8,disc\rses'  
( ,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds1 he said3 8,next
 to ! writ+s ( ,bacon1 !re is  no book  
:i* has m p[]fully impell$ me to        
self-culture4  ,he is "o  ( ! fir/ m5 ( 

g5ius :o has condesc5d$ to in=m ! _w (  
! /eps by :i* greatness is atta9$4  ,!  
confid5ce ) :i* he  ass]ts ! omnipot5ce 
( human lab\r has ! effect ( famili>is+ 
8 read] ) ! idea t g5ius is an          
acquisition r ?an a  gift2 :il/ ) all   
!re is bl5d$ s naturally & eloqu5tly !  
mo/ elevat$ & passionate admiration (   
excell5ce1 t ^u !  :ole !re is no book (
 a m inflammatory effect40  ,x is       
rem>kable t ,reynolds himself attribut$ 
8 fir/ passionate impulse  t[>ds ! /udy 
( art1 to read+ ,ri*>dson's acc\nt ( a  
great  pa9t]2 & ,haydon 0 9 l mann]     
aft]w>ds inflam$ to foll[ !  same       
pursuit by read+ ( ! c>e] ( ,reynolds4  
,?us ! brave &  aspir+ life ( "o man    
lights a flame 9 ! m9ds ( o!rs ( l      
faculties & impulse2 & :]e !re is       
equally vigor\s ef=ts l  di/9ction &    
success w almo/ surely foll[4  ,?us !   
*a9 (  example is c>ri$ d[n ?r\gh "t 9  
an endless succession (                 
l9ks1--admiration excit+ imitation1 &   
p]petuat+ ! true  ari/ocracy ( g5ius4   

,"o ( ! mo/ valuable1 & "o ( ! mo/      
infecti\s examples :i*  c be set be=e ! 
"y1 is t ( *e]ful work+4  ,*e]fulness   
gives ela/icity to ! _s4  ,spectres fly 
be=e x2 difficulties  cause no despair1 
= !y are enc\nt]$ ) hope1 & ! m9d       
acquires t happy disposition to improve 
opportunities :i* r>ely  fails (        
success4  ,! f]v5t _s is always a heal?y
 & happy  _s2 work+ *e]fully itself1 &  
/imulat+ o!rs to "w4  ,x  conf]s a      
dignity on ev5 ! mo/ ord9>y occupations4
  ,! mo/  effective "w1 also1 is usually
 ! full-he>t$ "w--t :i* passes  ?r\gh ! 
h&s or ! head ( him ^: he>t is glad4    
,hume 0  accu/om$ to say t he w\ld r    
possess a *e]ful  disposition--incl9$   
always to look at ! bright side (       
?+s--?an  ) a gloomy m9d to be ! ma/] ( 
an e/ate ( t5 ?\s& a ye>4  ,granville   
,%>p1 amid/ 8 indefatigable lab\rs on   
behalf ( ! slave1  solac$ himself 9 !   
ev5+s by tak+ "p 9 glees & in/rum5tal   
conc]ts at 8 bro!r's h\se1 s++1 or play+
 on ! flute1 !  cl>ionet or ! oboe2 &1  

at ! ,sunday ev5+ oratorios1 :5 ,h&el  0
 play$1 he beat ! kettle-drums4  ,he    
also indulg$1 ?\gh  sp>+ly1 9 c>icature 
draw+4  ,f[ell ,buxton also 0 an em95tly
  *e]ful man2 tak+ special pleasure 9   
field sports1 9 rid+ ab\t  ! c\ntry ) 8 
*ildr51 & 9 mix+ 9 all _! dome/ic       
amusem5ts4    ,9 ano!r sph]e ( action1  
,dr4 ,arnold 0 a noble & a *e]ful       
work]1 ?r[+ himself into ! great bus9ess
 ( 8 life1 !  tra9+ & tea*+ ( "y m51 ) 8
 :ole he>t & s\l4  ,x is  /at$ 9 8      
admirable biography1 t 8! mo/ rem>kable 
?+ 9 !  ,laleham circle 0 ! wond]ful    
heal?9ess ( tone :i* prevail$  !re4  ,x 
0 a place :]e a new com] at once felt t 
a great &  e>ne/ "w 0 go+ =w>d4  ,e     
pupil 0 made to feel t !re  0 a "w = him
 to d2 t 8 happ9ess1 z well z 8 duty1   
lay 9  do+ t "w well4  ,h5ce an         
indescribable ze/ 0 communicat$ to a  "y
 man's feel+ ab\t life2 a /range joy    
came ov] him on disc]n+  t he _h ! means
 ( be+ useful1 & ?us ( be+ happy2 & a   
deep respect & ard5t atta*m5t sprang up 

t[>ds him :o _h taught  him ?us to value
 life & 8 own self1 & 8 "w & mission 9 !
  _w4  ,all ?is 0 f\nd$ on ! bread? &   
compreh5siv5ess (  ,arnold's "*1 z well 
z its /rik+ tru? & reality2 on !        
unfeign$ reg>d he _h = "w ( all k9ds1 & 
! s5se he _h (  its value1 bo? = !      
complex aggregate ( society & ! gr[? &  
protection ( ! individual4  ,9 all ?is  
!re 0 no excitem5t2 no  pr$ilection = "o
 class ( "w above ano!r2 no en?usiasm = 
any  "o-sid$ object3 b a humble1 pr(\nd1
 & mo/ religi\s  consci\sness t "w is ! 
appo9t$ call+ ( man on e>?2 ! end  = :i*
 8 v>i\s faculties 7 giv52 ! elem5t 9   
:i* 8  nature is orda9$ to develop      
itself1 & 9 :i* 8 progressive  advance  
t[>ds heav5 is to lie40  ,among ! _m    
valuable m5 tra9$  = public life &      
usefulness by ,arnold1 0 ! gallant      
,hodson1 (  ,hodson's ,horse1 :o1 writ+ 
home f ,india1 _m ye>s aft]1 ?us  spoke 
( 8 rev]$ ma/]3 8,! influ5ce he produc$ 
has be5 mo/  la/+ & /rik+ 9 its effects4
  ,x is felt ev5 9 ,india2 ,i _c  say m 

?an t40    ,! useful influ5ce :i* a     
"r-he>t$ man ( en]gy & indu/ry may      
ex]cise among/ 8 neighb\rs & dep5dants1 
& accompli% = 8  c\ntry1 _c1 p]haps1 be 
bett] illu/rat$ ?an by ! c>e] ( ,sir    
,john ,s9clair2 *>act]iz$ by ! ,abb     
,gregoire z 8! mo/  indefatigable man 9 
,europe40  ,he 0 orig9ally a c\ntry     
laird1 born to  a consid]able e/ate     
situat$ ne> ,john o' ,groat's ,h\se1    
almo/ beyond  ! beat ( civilization1 9 a
 b>e wild c\ntry front+ ! /ormy  ,nor?  
,sea4  ,8 fa!r dy+ :ile he 0 a y\? (    
sixte51 !  managem5t ( ! family prop]ty 
?us e>ly devolv$ ^u him2 & at  eighte5  
he began a c\rse ( vigor\s improvem5t 9 
! c\nty (  ,cai?ness1 :i* ev5tually     
spread all ov] ,scotl&4  ,agriculture !n
  0 9 a mo/ backw>d /ate2 ! fields 7    
un5clos$1 ! l&s  undra9$2 ! small f>m]s 
( ,cai?ness 7 s poor t !y c\ld  sc>cely 
af=d to keep a horse or %elty2 ! h>d "w 
0 *iefly  done1 & ! burd5s borne1 by !  
wom52 & if a cotti] lo/ a horse  x 0 n  
unusual = him to m>ry a wife z ! *eape/ 

sub/itute4  ,! c\ntry 0 )\t roads or    
bridges2 & drov]s driv+ _!  cattle s\?  
_h to swim ! riv]s along ) _! bea/s4  ,!
 *ief  track lead+ into ,cai?ness lay   
along a high %elf on a m\nta9 side1  !  
road be+ "s hundr$ feet ( cle>          
p]p5dicul> height above !  sea :i* da%$ 
bel[4  ,sir ,john1 ?\gh a m]e y\?1      
det]m9$ to  make a new road ov] ! hill (
 ,b5 ,*eilt1 ! old let-alone            
proprietors1 h[ev]1 reg>d+ 8 s*eme )    
incr$ulity & d]ision4  ,b he himself    
laid out ! road1 assembl$ "s twelve     
hundr$ workm5  e>ly "o summ]'s morn+1   
set !m simultane\sly to "w1  sup]9t5d+  
_! lab\rs1 & /imulat+ !m by 8 pres5ce & 
example2 & be=e night1 :at _h be5 a     
dang]\s %eep track1 six  miles 9 l5g?1  
h>dly passable = l$ horses1 0 made      
practicable =  :eel-c>riages z if by !  
p[] ( magic4  ,x 0 an admirable example 
( en]gy & well-direct$ lab\r1 :i* c\ld n
 fail to h a mo/  salut>y influ5ce ^u ! 
surr\nd+ population4  ,he !n proce$$ to 
make m roads1 to erect mills1 to build  

bridges1 & to enclose &  cultivate !    
wa/e l&s4  ,he introduc$ improv$ me?ods 
( culture1  & regul> rotation ( crops1  
di/ribut+ small premiums to enc\rage    
indu/ry2 & he ?us soon quick5$ ! :ole   
frame ( society )9  rea* ( 8 influ5ce1 &
 infus$ an entirely new _s into !       
cultivators ( ! soil4  ,f be+ "o ( ! mo/
 inaccessible  di/ricts ( ! nor?--! v   
ultima ,?ule ( civilization--,cai?ness  
became a patt]n c\nty = its roads1 its  
agriculture1 & its  fi%]ies4  ,9        
,s9clair's y\?1 ! po/ 0 c>ri$ by a runn]
 only  once a week1 & ! "y b>onet !n    
decl>$ t he w\ld nev] re/  till a coa*  
drove daily to ,?urso4  ,! p ( !        
neighb\rhood  c\ld n believe 9 any su*  
?+1 & x became a prov]b 9 !  c\nty to   
say ( an utt]ly impossible s*eme1 8,ou1 
ay1 t w come to  pass :5 ,sir ,john sees
 ! daily mail at ,?urso60  ,b ,sir ,john
 liv$ to  see 8 dream realiz$1 & ! daily
 mail e/abli%$ to ,?urso4    ,! circle (
 8 b5evol5t op]ation gradually wid5$4   
,obs]v+ !  s]i\s det]ioration :i* _h    

tak5 place 9 ! quality ( ,briti%        
wool1--"o ( ! /aple commodities ( !     
c\ntry1--he =?)1 ?\gh  b a private &    
little-kn[n c\ntry g5tleman1 devot$     
himself to its  improvem5t4  ,by 8      
p]sonal ex]tions he e/abli%$ ! ,briti%  
,wool  ,society = ! purpose1 & himself  
l$ ! way to practical improvem5t  by    
import+ #hjj %eep f all c\ntries1 at 8  
own exp5se4  ,!  result 01 !            
introduction into ,scotl& ( ! celebrat$ 
,*eviot  bre$4  ,%eep f>m]s sc\t$ ! idea
 ( s\? c\ntry flocks be+ able  to ?rive 
9 ! f> nor?4  ,b ,sir ,john p]sev]$2 & 9
 a few ye>s  !re 7 n few] ?an #cjj1jjj  
,*eviots diffus$ ov] ! f\r  nor!rn      
c\nties alone4  ,! value ( all graz+ l& 
0 ?us  enorm\sly increas$2 & ,scot*     
e/ates1 :i* be=e 7 comp>atively         
wor?less1 began to yield l>ge r5tals4   
,return$ by ,cai?ness to ,p>liam5t1 9   
:i* he rema9$ = ?irty  ye>s1 r>ely miss+
 a division1 8 position gave him f>!r   
opportunities ( usefulness1 :i* he did n
 neglect to employ4  ,mr4  ,pitt1 obs]v+

 8 p]sev]+ en]gy 9 all useful public    
projects1  s5t = him to ,d[n+ ,/reet1 & 
volunt>ily propos$ 8 assi/ance  9 any   
object he might h 9 view4  ,ano!r man   
might h ?\ght (  himself & 8 own        
promotion2 b ,sir ,john *>act]i/ically  
repli$1  t he desir$ no fav\r = himself1
 b intimat$ t ! rew>d mo/  gratify+ to 8
 feel+s w\ld be ,mr4 ,pitt's assi/ance 9
 !  e/abli%m5t ( a ,national ,bo>d (    
,agriculture4  ,ar?ur ,"y laid a  bet ) 
! b>onet t 8 s*eme w\ld nev] be         
e/abli%$1 add+1  8,y\r ,bo>d (          
,agriculture w be 9 ! moon60  ,b        
vigor\sly sett+  to "w1 he r\s$ public  
att5tion to ! subject1 enli/$ a majority
  ( ,p>liam5t on 8 side1 & ev5tually    
e/abli%$ ! ,bo>d1 ( :i*  he 0 appo9t$   
,presid5t4  ,! result ( its action ne$ n
 be  describ$1 b ! /imulus :i* x gave to
 agriculture &  /ock-rais+ 0 %ortly felt
 ?r\gh\t ! :ole ,unit$ ,k+dom1 &  t5s ( 
?\s&s ( acres 7 r$eem$ f b>r5ness by its
  op]ation4  ,he 0 equally indefatigable
 9 enc\rag+ ! e/abli%m5t  ( fi%]ies2 & !

 successful f\nd+ ( ^! great bran*es (  
,briti% indu/ry at ,?urso & ,wick 0     
ma9ly due to 8 ex]tions4  ,he  urg$ =   
long ye>s1 & at l5g? succe$$ 9 obta9+ ! 
enclosure  ( a h>b\r = ! latt] place1   
:i* is p]haps ! greate/ & mo/  prosp]\s 
fi%+ t[n 9 ! _w4    ,sir ,john ?rew 8   
p]sonal en]gy into e "w 9 :i* he engag$1
  r\s+ ! in]t1 /imulat+ ! idle1 enc\rag+
 ! hopeful1 &  work+ ) all4  ,:5 a ,fr5*
 invasion 0 ?reat5$1 he (f]$ to  ,mr4   
,pitt to raise a regim5t on 8 own e/ate1
 & he 0 z good z 8  ^w4  ,he w5t d[n to 
! nor?1 & rais$ a battalion ( #fjj m51  
aft]w>ds increas$ to #ajjj2 & x 0       
admitt$ to be "o ( ! f9e/  volunte]     
regim5ts ev] rais$1 inspir$ ?r\gh\t by 8
 own noble &  patriotic _s4  ,:ile      
comm&+ (fic] ( ! camp at ,ab]de5 he     
held ! (fices ( a ,director ( ! ,bank ( 
,scotl&1 ,*airman ( !  ,briti% ,wool    
,society1 ,provo/ ( ,wick1 ,director ( !
 ,briti% ,fi%]y  ,society1 ,commission] 
= issu+ ,ex*equ] ,bills1 ,memb] (       
,p>liam5t  = ,cai?ness1 & ,presid5t ( ! 

,bo>d ( ,agriculture4  ,amid/ all  ?is  
multif>i\s & self-impos$ "w1 he ev5 f\nd
 "t to write  books1 en\gh ( !mselves to
 e/abli% a reputation4  ,:5 ,mr4 ,ru%1  
! ,am]ican ,ambassador1 arriv$ 9 ,engl&1
 he relates t he inquir$  ( ,mr4 ,coke (
 ,holkham1 :at 0 ! be/ "w on            
,agriculture1 & 0  ref]r$ to ,sir ,john 
,s9clair's2 & :5 he fur!r ask$ ( ,mr4   
,vansitt>t1 ,*ancellor ( ! ,ex*equ]1 :at
 0 ! be/ "w on  ,briti% ,f9ance1 he 0   
aga9 ref]r$ to a "w by ,sir ,john       
,s9clair1  8 #8,hi/ory ( ! ,public      
,rev5ue4'  ,b ! great monum5t ( 8       
indefatigable indu/ry1 a "w t w\ld h    
appall$ o!r m51 b  only s]v$ to r\se &  
su/a9 8 en]gy1 0 8 #8,/ati/ical ,acc\nt 
( ,scotl&1' 9 tw5ty-"o volumes1 "o ( !  
mo/ valuable practical  works ev]       
publi%$ 9 any age or c\ntry4  ,amid a   
ho/ ( o!r  pursuits x occupi$ him ne>ly 
eight ye>s ( h>d lab\r1 dur+ :i*  he    
receiv$1 & att5d$ to1 upw>ds ( #bj1jjj  
lett]s on ! subject4  ,x 0 a ?or\ghly   
patriotic und]tak+1 f :i* he d]iv$ no   

p]sonal advantage :atev]1 beyond ! hon\r
 ( hav+ complet$ x4  ,! :ole ( ! pr(its 
7 assign$ by him to ! ,society = ! ,sons
  ( ! ,cl]gy 9 ,scotl&4  ,! publication 
( ! book l$ to great  public            
improvem5ts2 x 0 foll[$ by ! imm$iate   
abolition (  sev]al oppressive feudal   
rights1 to :i* x call$ att5tion2 !      
sal>ies ( s*oolma/]s & cl]gym5 9 _m     
p>i%es 7 increas$2  & an increas$       
/imulus 0 giv5 to agriculture ?r\gh\t   
,scotl&4  ,sir ,john !n publicly (f]$ to
 und]take ! mu* great] lab\r (  collect+
 & publi%+ a simil> ,/ati/ical ,acc\nt (
 ,engl&2 b  unhappily ! !n ,ar*bi%op (  
,cant]bury refus$ to sanction x1 le/  x 
%\ld int]f]e ) ! ti!s ( ! cl]gy1 & !    
idea 0  ab&on$4    ,a rem>kable         
illu/ration ( 8 en]getic promptitude 0 !
 mann] 9  :i* he once provid$1 on a     
great em]g5cy1 = ! relief ( !           
manufactur+ di/ricts4  ,9 #agic !       
/agnation produc$ by ! w> l$  to an     
unusual numb] ( bankruptcies1 & _m ( !  
fir/ h\ses 9  ,man*e/] & ,glasg[ 7      

tott]+1 n s mu* f want ( prop]ty1  b    
because ! usual s\rces ( trade & cr$it 7
 = ! "t  clos$ up4  ,a p]iod ( int5se   
di/ress among/ ! lab\r+ classes  seem$  
imm95t1 :5 ,sir ,john urg$1 9 ,p>liam5t1
 t ,ex*equ] notes  to ! am\nt ( five    
millions %\ld be issu$ imm$iately z a   
loan to  su* m]*ants z c\ld give        
security4  ,?is sugge/ion 0 adopt$1 &  8
 (f] to c>ry out 8 plan1 9 conjunction )
 c]ta9 memb]s  nam$ by him1 0 also      
accept$4  ,! vote 0 pass$ late at night1
 &  e>ly next morn+ ,sir ,john1         
anticipat+ ! delays ( (ficialism &  r$  
tape1 proce$$ to bank]s 9 ! city1 &     
borr[$ ( !m1 on 8  own p]sonal security1
 ! sum ( #gj1jjjl41 :i* he despat*$ !   
same ev5+ to ^? m]*ants :o 7 9 ! mo/    
urg5t ne$ (  assi/ance4  ,pitt meet+    
,sir ,john 9 ! ,h\se1 express$ 8 great  
regret t ! press+ wants ( ,man*e/] &    
,glasg[ c\ld n be  suppli$ s soon z 0   
desirable1 add+1 8,! money _c be rais$  
= "s days40  8,x is already gone6 x left
 ,london by to-night's mail60  0 ,sir   

,john's triumphant reply2 & 9 aft]w>ds  
relat+ ! anecdote  he add$1 ) a smile ( 
pleasure1 8,pitt 0 z mu* />tl$ z if ,i  
_h /abb$ him40  ,to ! la/ ?is great1    
good man work$ on usefully  & *e]fully1 
sett+ a great example = 8 family & = 8  
c\ntry4  ,9 s labori\sly seek+ o!rs'    
good1 x might be said t  he f\nd 8      
own--n weal?1 = 8 g5]osity s]i\sly      
impair$ 8  private =tune1 b happ9ess1 & 
self-satisfaction1 & ! peace t  passes  
k4  ,a great patriot1 ) magnific5t p[]s 
( "w1 he  nobly did 8 duty to 8 c\ntry2 
yet he 0 n neglectful ( 8 own  h\sehold 
& home4  ,8 sons & daught]s grew up to  
hon\r &  usefulness2 & x 0 "o ( ! pr\de/
 ?+s ,sir ,john c\ld say1  :5 v]g+ on 8 
eightie? ye>1 t he _h liv$ to see sev5  
sons  gr[n up1 n "o ( :om _h incurr$ a  
debt he c\ld n pay1 or caus$  him a     
sorr[ t c\ld h be5 avoid$4              
,,*apt] ,,xiii4  ,,"*--,,! ,,true       
,,g5tleman4          8,= :o c always    
act8 b he1         ,to :om a ?\s&       
memories call1      ,n be+ less b m ?an 

all         ,! g5tl5ess he seem$ to be1 
,b seem$ ! ?+ he 01 & jo9$         ,ea* 
(fice ( ! social h\r      ,to noble     
mann]s1 z ! fl[]         ,& native gr[? 
( noble m9d2        ,& ?us he bore )\t  
abuse         ,! gr& old "n (           
,g5tleman40--,t5nyson4        8,es      
bildet e9 ,tal5t si* 9 d] ,/ille1       
,si* e9 ,*>akt] 9 dem ,/rom d]          
,welt40--,goe!4        8,t :i* raises a 
c\ntry1 t :i* /r5g!ns a c\ntry1 &      t
 :i* dignifies a c\ntry1--t :i* spreads 
h] p[]1 creates      h] moral influ5ce1 
& makes h] respect$ & submitt$ to1 b5ds 
! he>ts ( millions1 & b[s d[n ! pride ( 
nations to h]--!      in/rum5t (        
ob$i5ce1 ! f\nta9 ( supremacy1 ! true   
?rone1      cr[n1 & sceptre ( a         
nation2--?is ari/ocracy is n an         
ari/ocracy ( blood1 n an ari/ocracy (   
fa%ion1 n an      ari/ocracy ( tal5t    
only2 x is an ari/ocracy ( ,"*4  ,t     
is ! true h]aldry ( man40--,! ,times4   
,,! cr[n & glory ( life is ,"*4  ,x is !
 noble/ possession  ( a man1 con/itut+ a

 rank 9 itself1 & an e/ate 9 ! g5]al    
goodwill2 dignify+ e /ation1 & exalt+ e 
position 9  society4  ,x ex]cises a     
great] p[] ?an weal?1 & secures all !   
hon\r )\t ! jeal\sies ( fame4  ,x c>ries
 ) x an influ5ce  :i* always tells2 = x 
is ! result ( prov$ hon\r1 rectitude1 & 
consi/5cy--qualities :i*1 p]haps m ?an  
any o!r1 comm& !  g5]al confid5ce &     
respect ( mank9d4    ,"* is human nature
 9 its be/ =m4  ,x is moral ord] embodi$
  9 ! individual4  ,m5 ( "* are n only !
 consci5ce (  society1 b 9 e well-gov]n$
 ,/ate !y are its be/ motive p[]2  = x  
is moral qualities 9 ! ma9 :i* rule !   
_w4  ,ev5 9 w>1  ,napoleon said ! moral 
is to ! physical z t5 to "o4  ,! /r5g?1 
! indu/ry1 & ! civilisation (           
nations--all dep5d ^u individual  "*2 & 
! v f\ndations ( civil security re/ ^u  
x4  ,laws  & in/itutions are b its      
outgr[?4  ,9 ! j balance ( nature1      
individuals1 nations1 & races1 w obta9 j
 s mu* z !y  des]ve1 & no m4  ,& z      
effect f9ds its cause1 s surely does    

quality ( "* among/ a p produce its     
befitt+ results4    ,?\gh a man h       
comp>atively little culture1 sl5d]      
abilities1 &  b small weal?1 yet1 if 8  
"* be ( /]l+ wor?1 he w  always comm& an
 influ5ce1 :e!r x be 9 ! work%op1 !     
c\nt+-h\se1 ! m>t1 or ! s5ate4  ,cann+  
wisely wrote 9 #ahja1  8,my road mu/ be 
?r\gh ,"* to p[]2 ,i w try no o!r c\rse2
  & ,i am sangu9e en\gh to believe t ?is
 c\rse1 ?\gh n p]haps  ! quicke/1 is !  
sure/40  ,y may admire m5 ( intellect2 b
  some?+ m is necess>y be=e y w tru/ !m4
  ,h5ce ,"l ,john  ,russell once obs]v$ 
9 a s5t5ce full ( tru?1 8,x is ! nature 
(  p>ty 9 ,engl& to ask ! assi/ance ( m5
 ( g5ius1 b to foll[  ! guidance ( m5 ( 
"*40  ,?is 0 /rik+ly illu/rat$ 9  ! c>e]
 ( ! late ,francis ,horn]--a man ( :om  
,sydney ,smi? said  t ! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts 7
 /amp$ ^u 8 c\nt5ance4  8,!  valuable & 
peculi> light10 says ,"l ,cockburn1 89  
:i* 8 hi/ory  is calculat$ to inspire e 
"r-m9d$ y\?1 is ?is4  ,he di$ at  ! age 
( ?irty-eight2 possess$ ( great] public 

influ5ce ?an any  o!r private man2 &    
admir$1 belov$1 tru/$1 & deplor$ by all1
  except ! he>tless or ! base4  ,no     
great] homage 0 ev] paid 9  ,p>liam5t to
 any deceas$ memb]4  ,n[ let e "y man   
ask--h[ 0  ?is atta9$8  ,by rank8  ,he 0
 ! son ( an ,ed9burgh m]*ant4  ,by      
weal?8  ,nei!r he1 nor any ( 8          
relations1 ev] _h a sup]flu\s  sixp5ce4 
,by (fice8  ,he held b "o1 & only = a   
few ye>s1 ( no  influ5ce1 & ) v little  
pay4  ,by tal5ts8  ,8 7 n spl5did1  & he
 _h no g5ius4  ,cauti\s & sl[1 8 only   
ambition 0 to be  "r4  ,by eloqu5ce8    
,he spoke 9 calm1 good ta/e1 )\t any ( !
  oratory t ei!r t]rifies or s$uces4    
,by any fasc9ation ( mann]8  ,8 0 only  
correct & agreeable4  ,by :at1 !n1 0 x8 
,m]ely by  s5se1 indu/ry1 good          
pr9ciples1 & a good he>t--qualities :i* 
no  well-con/itut$ m9d ne$ ev] despair (
 atta9+4  ,x 0 ! =ce  ( 8 "* t rais$    
him2 & ?is "* n impress$ ^u  him by     
nature1 b =m$1 out ( no peculi>ly f9e   
elem5ts1 by  himself4  ,!re 7 _m 9 !    

,h\se ( ,commons ( f> great] ability  & 
eloqu5ce4  ,b no "o surpass$ him 9 !    
comb9ation ( an  adequate portion ( ^! )
 moral wor?4  ,horn] 0 born to %[ :at   
mod]ate p[]s1 unaid$ by any?+ :atev]    
except culture &  goodness1 may a*ieve1 
ev5 :5 ^! p[]s are display$ amid/ !     
competition & jeal\sy ( public life40   
,frankl91 also1 attribut$ 8 success z a 
public man1 n to 8  tal5ts or 8 p[]s (  
speak+--= ^! 7 b mod]ate--b to 8  kn[n  
integrity ( "*4  ,h5ce x 01 he says1 8t 
,i _h s mu*  weight ) my fell[ citiz5s4 
,i 0 b a bad speak]1 nev] eloqu5t1      
subject to mu* hesitation 9 my *oice (  
words1 h>dly correct 9  language1 & yet 
,i g5]ally c>ri$ my po9t40  ,"* creates 
confid5ce 9 m5 9 high /ation z well z 9 
humble life4  ,x 0 said  ( ! fir/       
,emp]or ,alex&] ( ,russia1 t 8 p]sonal  
"* 0  equival5t to a con/itution4  ,dur+
 ! w>s ( ! ,fronde1 ,montaigne  0 ! only
 man among/ ! ,fr5* g5try :o kept 8     
ca/le gates  unb>r$2 & x 0 said ( him1 t
 8 p]sonal "* 0 a  bett] protection =   

him ?an a regim5t ( horse w\ld h be54   
,t "* is p[]1 is true 9 a mu* high] s5se
 ?an t  k is p[]4  ,m9d )\t he>t1       
intellig5ce )\t conduct1  clev]ness )\t 
goodness1 are p[]s 9 _! way1 b !y may be
  p[]s only = mis*ief4  ,we may be      
in/ruct$ or amus$ by !m2 b x  is        
sometimes z difficult to admire !m z x  
w\ld be to admire !  dext]ity ( a       
pickpocket or ! horseman%ip ( a         
highwayman4    ,tru?fulness1 integrity1 
& goodness--qualities t hang n on any   
man's brea?--=m ! ess5ce ( manly "*1 or1
 z "o ( our old  writ]s has x1 8t inbr$ 
loyalty unto ,virtue :i* c s]ve h]  )\t 
a liv]y40  ,he :o possesses ^!          
qualities1 unit$ )  /r5g? ( purpose1    
c>ries ) him a p[] :i* is irresi/ible4  
,he  is /rong to d good1 /rong to resi/ 
evil1 & /rong to be> up "u  difficulty &
 mis=tune4  ,:5 ,/eph5 ( ,colonna fell  
into ! h&s  ( 8 base assailants1 & !y   
ask$ him 9 d]ision1 8,:]e is n[  y\r    
=tress80  8,"h10 0 8 bold reply1 plac+ 8
 h& ^u 8  he>t4  ,x is 9 mis=tune t ! "*

 ( ! upright man %9es  =? ) ! greate/   
lu/re2 & :5 all else fails1 he takes /& 
^u 8 integrity & 8 c\rage4    ,! rules (
 conduct foll[$ by ,"l ,ersk9e--a man ( 
/]l+  indep5d5ce ( pr9ciple & scrupul\s 
adh]5ce to tru?--are wor?y (  be+       
engrav5 on e "y man's he>t4  8,x 0 a    
fir/ comm& &  c\nsel ( my e>lie/ y\?10  
he said1 8always to d :at my consci5ce  
told me to be a duty1 & to leave !      
consequ5ce to ,god4  ,i %all c>ry  ) me 
! memory1 & ,i tru/ ! practice1 ( ?is   
p>5tal lesson to  ! grave4  ,i h hi!rto 
foll[$ x1 & ,i h no reason to compla9  t
 my ob$i5ce to x has be5 a temporal     
sacrifice4  ,i h f\nd x1  on ! contr>y1 
! road to prosp]ity & weal?1 & ,i %all  
po9t out  ! same pa? to my *ildr5 = _!  
pursuit40    ,e man is b\nd to aim at ! 
possession ( a good "* z "o (  ! highe/ 
objects ( life4  ,! v ef=t to secure x  
by wor?y  means w furni% him ) a motive 
= ex]tion2 & 8 idea (  manhood1 9       
proportion z x is elevat$1 w /eady &    
animate 8  motive4  ,x is well to h a   

high /&>d ( life1 ev5 ?\gh we may  n be 
able altoge!r to realize x4  8,! y\?10  
says ,mr4 ,disraeli1  8:o does n look up
 w look d[n2 & ! _s t does n so>  is    
de/9$ p]haps to grovel40  ,george ,h]b]t
 wisely writes1        8,pit* ?y        
behavi\r l[1 ?y projects high1      ,s  
%all ?\ humble & magnanim\s be4         
,s9k n 9 _s2 :o aime? at ! sky          
,%oots high] mu* ?an he t means a tree40
    ,he :o has a high /&>d ( liv+ & ?9k+
 w c]ta9ly d  bett] ?an he :o has none  
at all4  8,pluck at a g[n ( gold10 says 
!  ,scot* prov]b1 8& y may get a sleeve 
o't40  ,:oev] tries = !  highe/ results 
_c fail to rea* a po9t f> 9 advance ( t 
f  :i* he />t$2 & ?\gh ! end atta9$ may 
fall %ort ( t  propos$1 /ill1 ! v ef=t  
to rise1 ( itself _c fail to prove      
p]man5tly b5eficial4    ,!re are _m     
c\nt]feits ( "*1 b ! g5u9e article is   
difficult to be mi/ak54  ,"s1 kn[+ its  
money value1 w\ld assume  its disguise =
 ! purpose ( impos+ ^u ! unw>y4         
,colonel  ,*>t]is said to a man di/+ui%$

 = 8 hone/y1 8,i w\ld give a  ?\s& p\nds
 = y\r good "n40  8,:y80  8,because ,i  
c\ld make t5  ?\s& by x10 0 ! knave's   
reply4    ,integrity 9 ^w & de$ is !    
backbone ( "*2 & loyal  adh]5ce to      
v]acity its mo/ prom95t *>act]i/ic4  ,"o
 ( !  f9e/ te/imonies to ! "* ( ! late  
,sir ,rob]t ,peel 0 t  borne by ! ,duke 
( ,well+ton 9 ! ,h\se ( ,lords1 a few   
days aft]  ! great /atesman's dea?4     
8,y\r lord%ips10 he said1 8mu/ all feel 
! high & hon\rable "* ( ! late ,sir     
,rob]t ,peel4  ,i 0  long connect$ ) him
 9 public life4  ,we 7 bo? 9 ! c\ncils (
  our ,sov]eign toge!r1 & ,i _h long !  
hon\r to enjoy 8 private  fri5d%ip4  ,9 
all ! c\rse ( my acqua9tance ) him ,i   
nev] knew a  man 9 ^: tru? & ju/ice ,i  
_h great] confid5ce1 or 9 :om ,i saw  a 
m inv>iable desire to promote ! public  
s]vice4  ,9 ! :ole  c\rse ( my          
communication ) him1 ,i nev] knew an    
in/ance 9 :i* he  did n %[ ! /ronge/    
atta*m5t to tru?2 & ,i nev] saw 9 !     
:ole c\rse ( my life ! smalle/ reason = 

suspect+ t he /at$  any?+ :i* he did n  
firmly believe to be ! fact40  ,& ?is   
high-m9d$ tru?fulness ( ! /atesman 0 no 
d\bt ! secret ( no  small "p ( 8        
influ5ce & p[]4    ,!re is a tru?fulness
 9 action z well z 9 words1 :i* is      
ess5tial  to uprightness ( "*4  ,a man  
mu/ really be :at he seems or  purposes 
to be4  ,:5 an ,am]ican g5tleman wrote  
to ,granville ,%>p1  t f respect = 8    
great virtues he _h nam$ "o ( 8 sons    
aft] him1 ,%>p repli$3 8,i mu/ reque/ y 
to tea* him a fav\rite  maxim ( ! family
 ^: "n y h giv5 him--,always endeav\r to
 be  really :at y w\ld wi% to appe>4    
,?is maxim1 z my fa!r in=m$  me1 0      
c>efully & humbly practis$ by 8 fa!r1 ^:
 s9c]ity1  z a pla9 & hone/ man1 !reby  
became ! pr9cipal feature ( 8  "*1 bo? 9
 public & private life40  ,e man :o     
respects  himself1 & values ! respect ( 
o!rs1 w c>ry out ! maxim 9  act--do+    
hone/ly :at he proposes to d--putt+ !   
highe/ "*  into 8 "w1 scamp+ no?+1 b    
prid+ himself ^u 8 integrity  &         

consci5ti\sness4  ,once ,cromwell said  
to ,b]n>d1--a clev] b  some:at          
unscrupul\s lawy]1 8,i und]/& t y h     
lately be5  va/ly w>y 9 y\r conduct2 d n
 be too confid5t ( ?is2 subtlety  may   
deceive y1 integrity nev] w40  ,m5 ^:   
acts are at direct  v>iance ) _! words1 
comm& no respect1 & :at !y say has b    
little weight2 ev5 tru?s1 :5 utt]$ by   
!m1 seem to come bla/$  f _! lips4    ,!
 true "* acts rightly1 :e!r 9 secret or 
9 ! sight (  m54  ,t boy 0 well tra9$   
:o1 :5 ask$ :y he did n pocket  "s pe>s1
 = nobody 0 !re to see1 repli$1 8,yes1  
!re 03 ,i 0  !re to see myself2 & ,i    
don't int5d ev] to see myself d a       
di%one/  ?+40--,?is is a simple b n     
inappropriate illu/ration ( pr9ciple1   
or consci5ce1 dom9at+ 9 ! "*1 & ex]cis+ 
a noble  protectorate ov] x2 n m]ely a  
passive influ5ce1 b an active p[]       
regulat+ ! life4  ,su* a pr9ciple goes  
on m\ld+ ! "*  h\rly & daily1 gr[+ ) a  
=ce t op]ates e mom5t4  ,)\t ?is dom9at+
 influ5ce1 "* has no protection1 b is   

con/antly liable to fall away be=e      
temptation2 & e su*  temptation succumb$
 to1 e act ( meanness or di%one/y1 h[ev]
  slight1 causes self-degradation4  ,x  
matt]s n :e!r ! act be  successful or n1
 discov]$ or conceal$2 ! culprit is no  
long] !  same1 b ano!r p]son2 & he is   
pursu$ by a secret uneas9ess1 by        
self-reproa*1 or ! work+s ( :at we call 
consci5ce1 :i* is !  inevitable doom ( !
 guilty4    ,& "h x may be obs]v$ h[    
greatly ! "* may be /r5g!n$  & support$ 
by ! cultivation ( good habits4  ,man1 x
 has be5 said1  is a bundle ( habits2 & 
habit is second nature4  ,meta/asio     
ent]ta9$ s /rong an op9ion z to ! p[] ( 
repetition 9 act &  ?\ght1 t he said1   
8,all is habit 9 mank9d1 ev5 virtue     
itself40  ,butl]1 9 8 #8,analogy1'      
impresses ! importance ( c>eful         
self-discipl9e & firm resi/ance to      
temptation1 z t5d+ to make  virtue      
habitual1 s t at l5g? x may become m    
easy to be good  ?an to give way to s94 
8,z habits belong+ to ! body10 he says1 

8are produc$ by ext]nal acts1 s habits (
 ! m9d are produc$ by !  execution (    
inw>d practical purposes1 i4e41 c>ry+ !m
 into act1 or  act+ ^u !m--! pr9ciples (
 ob$i5ce1 v]acity1 ju/ice1 &  *>ity40   
,& aga91 ,"l ,br\gham says1 :5 en=c+ !  
imm5se  importance ( tra9+ & example 9  
y\?1 8,i tru/ ev]y?+ "u  ,god to habit1 
on :i*1 9 all ages1 ! lawgiv]1 z well z 
!  s*oolma/]1 has ma9ly plac$ 8         
reliance2 habit1 :i* makes  ev]y?+ easy1
 & ca/s ! difficulties ^u ! deviation f 
a  wont$ c\rse40  ,?us1 make sobriety a 
habit1 & intemp]ance w be  hateful2 make
 prud5ce a habit1 & reckless pr(ligacy w
 become  revolt+ to e pr9ciple ( conduct
 :i* regulates ! life ( !  individual4  
,h5ce ! necessity = ! greate/ c>e &     
wat*fulness  aga9/ ! inroad ( any evil  
habit2 = ! "* is always weake/  at t    
po9t at :i* x has once giv5 way2 & x is 
long be=e a  pr9ciple re/or$ c become s 
firm z "o t has nev] be5 mov$4  ,x is a 
f9e rem>k ( a ,russian writ]1 t 8,habits
 are a necklace (  pe>ls3 untie ! knot1 

& ! :ole un?reads40    ,:]ev] =m$1 habit
 acts involunt>ily1 & )\t ef=t2 &1 x is 
only :5 y oppose x1 t y f9d h[ p[]ful x 
has become4  ,:at  is done once & aga91 
soon gives facility & pron5ess4  ,!     
habit at  fir/ may seem to h no m /r5g? 
?an a spid]'s web2 b1 once  =m$1 x b9ds 
z ) a *a9 ( iron4  ,! small ev5ts (     
life1  tak5 s+ly1 may seem exce$+ly     
unimportant1 l sn[ t falls  sil5tly1    
flake by flake2 yet accumulat$1 ^!      
sn[-flakes =m !  avalan*e4              
,self-respect1 self-help1 application1  
indu/ry1 integrity--all are ( !  nature 
( habits1 n beliefs4  ,pr9ciples1 9     
fact1 are b ! names  :i* we assign to   
habits2 = ! pr9ciples are words1 b !    
habits  are ! ?+s !mselves3 b5efactors  
or tyrants1 accord+ z !y are  good or   
evil4  ,x ?us happ5s t z we gr[ old]1 a 
portion ( our  free activity &          
individuality becomes susp5d$ 9 habit2  
our actions  become ( ! nature ( fate2 &
 we are b\nd by ! *a9s :i* we  h wov5   
ar\nd ourselves4    ,x is inde$ sc>cely 

possible to ov]-e/imate ! importance (  
tra9+ ! "y to virtu\s habits4  ,9 !m !y 
are ! easie/  =m$1 & :5 =m$ !y la/ =    
life2 l lett]s cut on ! b>k  ( a tree !y
 gr[ & wid5 ) age4  8,tra9 up a *ild 9 !
 way he  %\ld g1 & :5 he is old he w n  
dep>t f x40  ,! beg9n+  holds )9 x !    
end2 ! fir/ />t on ! road ( life        
det]m9es  ! direction & ! de/9ation ( ! 
j\rney2 ce n'e/ que le  premi] pas qui  
cote4  8,rememb]10 said ,"l ,coll+wood  
to a "y man  :om he lov$1 8be=e y are   
five-&-tw5ty y mu/ e/abli% a  "* t w    
s]ve y all y\r life40  ,z habit /r5g!ns 
)  age1 & "* becomes =m$1 any turn+ into
 a new pa? becomes  m & m difficult4    
,h5ce1 x is (t5 h>d] to unle>n ?an to   
le>n2 & = ?is reason ! ,grecian         
flute-play] 0 ju/ifi$ :o  *>g$ d\ble    
fees to ^? pupils :o _h be5 taught by an
 inf]ior  ma/]4  ,to uproot an old habit
 is sometimes a m pa9ful ?+1 &  va/ly m 
difficult1 ?an to wr5* out a too?4  ,try
 & re=m a  habitually indol5t1 or       
improvid5t1 or drunk5 p]son1 & 9 a l>ge 

majority ( cases y w fail4  ,= ! habit 9
 ea* case has w\nd  itself 9 & ?r\gh !  
life until x has become an integral "p (
  x1 & _c be uproot$4  ,h5ce1 z ,mr4    
,lyn* obs]ves1 8! wise/  habit ( all is 
! habit ( c>e 9 ! =mation ( good        
habits40    ,ev5 happ9ess itself may    
become habitual4  ,!re is a habit (     
look+  at ! bright side ( ?+s1 & also ( 
look+ at ! d>k side4  ,dr4  ,johnson has
 said t ! habit ( look+ at ! be/ side ( 
a ?+ is  wor? m to a man ?an a ?\s&     
p\nds a ye>4  ,& we possess !  p[]1 to a
 great ext5t1 ( s ex]cis+ ! w z to      
direct !  ?\ghts ^u objects calculat$ to
 yield happ9ess & improvem5t  r ?an _!  
opposites4  ,9 ?is way ! habit ( happy  
?\ght may  be made to spr+ up l any o!r 
habit4  ,& to br+ up m5 or wom5  ) a    
g5ial nature ( ?is sort1 a good temp]1 &
 a happy frame (  m9d1 is p]haps ( ev5 m
 importance1 9 _m cases1 ?an to p]fect  
!m 9 mu* k & _m accompli%m5ts4    ,z    
daylight c be se5 ?r\gh v small holes1 s
 little ?+s w  illu/rate a p]son's "*4  

,inde$ "* consi/s 9 little  acts1 well &
 hon\rably p]=m$2 daily life be+ ! qu>ry
 f  :i* we build x up1 & r\gh-hew !     
habits :i* =m x4  ,"o ( !  mo/ m>k$ te/s
 ( "* is ! mann] 9 :i* we conduct       
ourselves t[>ds o!rs4  ,a graceful      
behavi\r t[>ds sup]iors1  inf]iors1 &   
equals1 is a con/ant s\rce ( pleasure4  
,x pleases  o!rs because x indicates    
respect = _! p]sonality2 b x gives      
t5fold m pleasure to ourselves4  ,e man 
may to a l>ge ext5t be a  self-educator 
9 good behavi\r1 z 9 ev]y?+ else2 he c  
be civil  & k9d1 if he w1 ?\gh he h n a 
p5ny 9 8 purse4  ,g5tl5ess 9 society is 
l ! sil5t influ5ce ( light1 :i* gives   
col\r to all nature2 x is f> m p[]ful   
?an l\dness or =ce1 &  f> m fruitful4   
,x pu%es its way quietly & p]si/5tly1 l 
!  t9ie/ daffodil 9 spr+1 :i* raises !  
clod & ?ru/s x aside by  ! simple       
p]si/5cy ( gr[+4    ,ev5 a k9d look w   
give pleasure & conf] happ9ess4  ,9 "o (
  ,rob]tson ( ,brighton's lett]s1 he    
tells ( a lady :o relat$ to him  8!     

delight1 ! te>s ( gratitude1 :i* %e _h  
witness$ 9 a poor  girl to :om1 9 pass+1
 ,i gave a k9d look on go+ out ( *ur* on
  ,sunday4  ,:at a lesson6  ,h[ *eaply  
happ9ess c be giv56  ,:at  opportunities
 we miss ( do+ an angel's "w6  ,i       
rememb] do+ x1  full ( sad feel+s1 pass+
 on1 & ?9k+ no m ab\t x2 & x  gave an   
h\r's sun%9e to a human life1 & light5$ 
! load ( life  to a human he>t = a "t60 
#cib    ,morals & mann]s1 :i* give col\r
 to life1 are ( mu* great]  importance  
?an laws1 :i* are b _! manife/ations4   
,! law  t\*es u "h & !re1 b mann]s are  
ab\t u ev]y:]e1 p]vad+  society l ! air 
we brea!4  ,good mann]s1 z we call !m1  
are  nei!r m nor less ?an good behavi\r2
 consi/+ ( c\rtesy &  k9dness2 b5evol5ce
 be+ ! prepond]at+ elem5t 9 all k9ds (  
mutually b5eficial & pleasant int]c\rse 
among/ human be+s4  8,civility10 said   
,lady ,montague1 8co/s no?+ & buys      
ev]y?+40  ,!  *eape/ ( all ?+s is       
k9dness1 its ex]cise requir+ ! lea/     
possible tr\ble & self-sacrifice4  8,w9 

he>ts10 said ,burleigh to  ,que5        
,elizabe?1 8& y h all m5's he>ts &      
purses40  ,if we w\ld  only let nature  
act k9dly1 free f affectation &         
artifice1 !  results on social good     
hum\r & happ9ess w\ld be incalculable4  
,!  little c\rtesies :i* =m ! small     
*ange ( life1 may sep>ately  appe> (    
little intr9sic value1 b !y acquire _!  
importance f  repetition & accumulation4
  ,!y are l ! sp>e m9utes1 or !  groat a
 day1 :i* prov]bially produce su*       
mom5t\s results 9 !  c\rse ( a          
twelvemon?1 or 9 a lifetime4    ,mann]s 
are ! ornam5t ( action2 & !re is a way (
 speak+ a k9d  ^w1 or ( do+ a k9d ?+1   
:i* greatly enhances _! value4  ,:at    
seems to be done ) a grudge1 or z an act
 ( condesc5sion1 is  sc>cely accept$ z a
 fav\r4  ,yet !re are m5 :o pride       
!mselves  ^u _! gruffness2 & ?\gh !y may
 possess virtue & capacity1  _! mann] is
 (t5 su* z to r5d] !m almo/             
insupportable4  ,x is  difficult to l a 
man :o1 ?\gh he may n pull y\r nose1    

habitually  w\nds y\r self-respect1 &   
takes a pride 9 say+ disagreeable ?+s   
to y4  ,!re are o!rs :o are dreadfully  
condesc5d+1 & _c  avoid seiz+ ^u e small
 opportunity ( mak+ _! greatness  felt4 
,:5 ,ab]ne?y 0 canvass+ = ! (fice (     
surgeon to ,/4  ,b>?olomew ,hospital1 he
 call$ ^u su* a p]son--a ri* groc]1 "o (
  ! gov]nors4  ,! great man beh9d !     
c\nt] see+ ! great surgeon  ent]1       
imm$iately assum$ ! gr& air t[>ds !     
suppos$ suppliant  = 8 vote4  8,i       
presume1 ,sir1 y want my vote & int]e/  
at ?is  mom5t\s epo* ( y\r life80       
,ab]ne?y1 :o hat$ humbugs1 & felt       
nettl$ at ! tone1 repli$3 8,no1 ,i      
don't3 ,i want a p5nywor? ( figs2  come1
 look %>p & wrap !m up2 ,i want to be   
(f60    ,! cultivation ( mann]--?\gh 9  
excess x is foppi% & fooli%--is  highly 
necess>y 9 a p]son :o has occasion to   
negociate ) o!rs 9  matt]s ( bus9ess4   
,affability & good bre$+ may ev5 be     
reg>d$  z ess5tial to ! success ( a man 
9 any em95t /ation & enl>g$  sph]e (    

life2 = ! want ( x has n unfrequ5tly be5
 f\nd 9 a  great measure to neutralise !
 results ( mu* indu/ry1 integrity1 &    
hone/y ( "*4  ,!re are1 no d\bt1 a few  
/rong tol]ant m9ds  :i* c be> ) defects 
& angul>ities ( mann]1 & look only to  !
 m g5u9e qualities2 b ! _w at l>ge is n 
s =be>ant1  & _c help =m+ its judgm5ts &
 lik+s ma9ly accord+ to  outw>d conduct4
    ,ano!r mode ( display+ true         
polit5ess is consid]ation = !  op9ions (
 o!rs4  ,x has be5 said ( dogmatism1 t x
 is only  puppyism come to its full     
gr[?2 & c]ta9ly ! wor/ =m ?is  quality c
 assume1 is t ( op9ionativ5ess &        
arrogance4  ,let m5  agree to diff]1 &1 
:5 !y d diff]1 be> & =be>4  ,pr9ciples  
& op9ions may be ma9ta9$ ) p]fect       
suavity1 )\t com+ to  bl[s or utt]+ h>d 
words2 & !re are circum/ances 9 :i*     
words  are bl[s1 & inflict w\nds f> less
 easy to heal4  ,z be>+ ^u  ?is po9t1 we
 quote an in/ructive little p>able spok5
 "s "t s9ce  by an it9]ant prea*] ( !   
,evangelical ,alliance on ! bord]s (    

,wales3--8,z ,i 0 go+ to ! hills10 said 
he1 8e>ly "o mi/y morn+1  ,i saw some?+ 
mov+ on a m\nta9 side1 s /range look+ t 
,i took  x = a mon/]4  ,:5 ,i came ne>] 
to x ,i f\nd x 0 a man4  ,:5 ,i  came up
 to him ,i f\nd he 0 my bro!r40    ,!   
inbr$ polit5ess :i* spr+s f "r-he>t$ness
 & k9dly  feel+s1 is ( no exclusive rank
 or /ation4  ,! me*anic :o works at  !  
b5* may possess x1 z well z ! cl]gyman  
or ! pe]4  ,x is by  no means a necess>y
 condition ( lab\r t x %\ld1 9 any      
respect1  be ei!r r\gh or co>se4  ,!    
polit5ess & ref9em5t :i*  di/+ui% all   
classes ( ! p 9 _m cont95tal c\ntries %[
  t ^? qualities might become ours      
too--z d\btless !y w become  ) increas$ 
culture & m g5]al social int]c\rse--)\t 
sacrific+ any ( our m g5u9e qualities z 
m54  ,f ! highe/  to ! l[e/1 ! ri*e/ to 
! poore/1 to no rank or condition 9     
life has nature d5i$ h] highe/ boon--!  
great he>t4  ,!re nev] yet  exi/$ a     
g5tleman b 0 "l ( a great he>t4  ,& ?is 
may exhibit  itself "u ! hodd5 grey ( ! 

peasant z well z "u ! lac$  coat ( !    
noble4  ,rob]t ,burns 0 once tak5 to    
task by a "y  ,ed9burgh blood1 ) :om he 
0 walk+1 = recognis+ an hone/  f>m] 9 ! 
op5 /reet4  8,:y y fanta/ic gom]al10    
exclaim$ ,burns1  8x 0 n ! great coat1 !
 scone bonnet1 & ! saund]s-boot hose  t 
,i spoke to1 b ! man t 0 9 !m2 & ! man1 
sir1 =  true wor?1 w\ld weigh d[n y &   
me1 & t5 m su*1 any day40  ,!re may be a
 homel9ess 9 ext]nals1 :i* may seem     
vulg> to ^?  :o _c disc]n ! he>t b5ea?2 
b1 to ! "r-m9d$1 "*  w always h its cle>
 insignia4    ,william & ,*>les ,grant 7
 ! sons ( a f>m] 9 ,inv]ness-%ire1  :om 
a sudd5 flood /ripp$ ( ev]y?+1 ev5 to ! 
v soil :i*  he till$4  ,! f>m] & 8 sons1
 ) ! _w be=e !m :]e to  *oose1 made _!  
way s\?w>d 9 se>* ( employm5t until !y  
arriv$ 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,bury 9       
,lanca%ire4  ,f ! cr[n (  ! hill ne>    
,walmesley !y survey$ ! wide ext5t (    
c\ntry :i*  lay be=e !m1 ! riv] ,irwell 
mak+ its circuit\s c\rse ?r\gh  !       
valley4  ,!y 7 utt] /rang]s 9 !         

neighb\rhood1 & knew n  :i* way to turn4
  ,to decide _! c\rse !y put up a /ick1 
&  agre$ to pursue ! direction 9 :i* x  
fell4  ,?us _! decision 0  made1 & !y   
j\rney$ on accord+ly until !y rea*$ !   
village (  ,ramsbo?am1 n f> di/ant4  ,!y
 f\nd employm5t 9 a pr9t-"w1 9  :i*     
,william s]v$ 8 appr5tice%ip2 & !y      
comm&$ !mselves to  _! employ]s by _!   
dilig5ce1 sobriety1 & /rict integrity4  
,!y  plodd$ on1 ris+ f "o /ation to     
ano!r1 until at l5g? ! two  m5 !mselves 
became employ]s1 & aft] _m long ye>s (  
indu/ry1  ent]prise1 & b5evol5ce1 !y    
became ri*1 hon\r$1 & respect$ by  all  
:o knew !m4  ,_! cotton-mills &         
pr9t-works gave employm5t to  a l>ge    
population4  ,_! well-direct$ dilig5ce  
made ! valley teem  ) activity1 joy1    
heal?1 & opul5ce4  ,out ( _! abundant   
weal?  !y gave lib]ally to all wor?y    
objects1 erect+ *ur*es1 f\nd+  s*ools1 &
 9 all ways promot+ ! well-be+ ( ! class
 (  work+-m5 f :i* !y _h sprung4  ,!y   
aft]w>ds erect$1 on !  top ( ! hill     

above ,walmesley1 a l(ty t[] 9          
commemoration ( !  e>ly ev5t 9 _! hi/ory
 :i* _h det]m9$ ! place ( _!  settlem5t4
  ,! bro!rs ,grant became widely        
celebrat$ = _!  b5evol5ce & _! v>i\s    
goodness1 & x is said t ,mr4 ,dick5s  _h
 !m 9 8 m9d's eye :5 del9eat+ ! "* ( !  
bro!rs  ,*e]yble4  ,"o among/ _m        
anecdotes ( a simil> k9d may be cit$ to 
%[ t ! "* 0 by no means exagg]at$4  ,a  
,man*e/]  w>eh\seman publi%$ an exce$+ly
 scurril\s pamphlet aga9/ !  firm (     
,grant ,bro!rs1 hold+ up ! eld] p>tn] to
 ridicule z  8,billy ,button40  ,william
 0 in=m$ by "s "o ( ! nature ( !        
pamphlet1 & 8 obs]vation 0 t ! man w\ld 
live to rep5t (  x4  8,oh60 said !      
libell]1 :5 in=m$ ( ! rem>k1 8he ?9ks  t
 "s "t or o!r ,i %all be 9 8 debt2 b ,i 
w take good c>e  ( t40  ,x happ5s1      
h[ev]1 t m5 9 bus9ess d n always  =esee 
:o %all be _! cr$itor1 & x s turn$ out t
 !  ,grants' libell] became a bankrupt1 
& c\ld n complete 8  c]tificate & beg9  
bus9ess aga9 )\t obta9+ _! signature4   

,x seem$ to him a hopeless case to call 
^u t firm = any fav\r1  b ! press+      
claims ( 8 family =c$ him to make !     
application4  ,he appe>$ be=e ! man :om 
he _h ridicul$ z 8,billy ,button0       
accord+ly4  ,he told 8 tale & produc$ 8 
c]tificate4  8,y wrote  a pamphlet aga9/
 u once80 said ,mr4 ,grant4  ,!         
supplicant expect$ to  see 8 docum5t    
?r[n into ! fire2 in/ead ( :i* ,grant   
sign$ !  "n ( ! firm1 & ?us complet$ !  
necess>y c]tificate4  8,we make  x a    
rule10 said he1 h&+ x back1 8nev] to    
refuse sign+ !  c]tificate ( an hone/   
tradesman1 & we h nev] he>d t y 7  any?+
 else40  ,! te>s />t$ into ! man's eyes4
  8,ah10 cont9u$  ,mr4 ,grant1 8y see my
 say+ 0 true1 t y w\ld live to rep5t    
writ+ t pamphlet4  ,i did n mean x z a  
?reat--,i only meant t  "s day y w\ld "k
 u bett]1 & rep5t hav+ tri$ to injure   
u40  8,i d1 ,i d1 inde$1 rep5t x40      
8,well1 well1 y "k u n[4  ,b h[  d y get
 on--:at are y go+ to d80  ,! poor man  
/at$ t he _h  fri5ds :o w\ld assi/ him  

:5 8 c]tificate 0 obta9$4  8,b h[  are y
 (f 9 ! mean "t80  ,! answ] 01 t1 hav+  
giv5 up  e f>?+ to 8 cr$itors1 he _h be5
 compell$ to /9t 8  family 9 ev5 !      
common necess>ies ( life1 t he might be 
enabl$  to pay = 8 c]tificate4  8,my    
good fell[1 ?is w nev] d2 y\r  wife &   
family mu/ n suff] 9 ?is way2 be k9d    
en\gh to take ?is  t5-p\nd note to y\r  
wife f me3 !re1 !re1 n[--don't cry1 x w 
be all well ) y yet2 keep up y\r        
spirits1 set to "w l a man1  & y w raise
 y\r head among ! be/ ( u yet40  ,!     
ov]p[]$  man endeav\r$ ) *ok+ utt]ance  
to express 8 gratitude1 b 9  va92 &     
putt+ 8 h& to 8 face1 he w5t out ( !    
room sobb+  l a *ild4    ,! ,true       
,g5tleman is "o ^: nature has be5       
fa%ion$ aft] !  highe/ models4  ,x is a 
gr& old "n1 t ( ,g5tleman1 & has be5    
recogniz$ z a rank & p[] 9 all /ages (  
society4  8,! ,g5tleman  is always !    
,g5tleman10 said ! old ,fr5* ,g5]al to 8
 regim5t (  ,scotti% g5try at ,r\sillon1
 8& inv>iably proves himself su* 9 ne$  

& 9 dang]40  ,to possess ?is "* is a    
dignity ( itself1  comm&+ ! in/9ctive   
homage ( e g5]\s m9d1 & ^? :o  w n b[ to
 titul> rank1 w yet d homage to !       
g5tleman4  ,8  qualities dep5d n ^u     
fa%ion or mann]s1 b ^u moral wor?--n on 
p]sonal possessions1 b on p]sonal       
qualities4  ,! ,psalmi/ briefly         
describes him z "o 8t walke? uprightly1 
& worke? righte\sness1  & speake? ! tru?
 9 8 he>t40    ,! g5tleman is em95tly   
di/+ui%$ = 8 self-respect4  ,he values  
8 "*1--n s mu* ( x only z c be se5 (    
o!rs1 b z he  sees x himself2 hav+ reg>d
 = ! approval ( 8 inw>d monitor4  ,&1 z 
he respects himself1 s1 by ! same law1  
does he respect o!rs4  ,humanity is     
sacr$ 9 8 eyes3 & !nce proce$ polit5ess 
&  =be>ance1 k9dness & *>ity4  ,x is    
relat$ ( ,"l ,edw>d  ,fitzg]ald t1 :ile 
travell+ 9 ,canada1 9 company ) !       
,indians1  he 0 %ock$ by ! sight ( a    
poor squaw trudg+ along lad5 ) h]       
husb&'s trapp+s1 :ile ! *ief himself    
walk$ on un5cumb]$4  ,"l ,edw>d at once 

reliev$ ! squaw ( h] pack by plac+ x ^u 
8  own %\ld]s1--a beautiful in/ance (   
:at ! ,fr5* call politesse de  cur--!   
inbr$ polit5ess ( ! true g5tleman4    ,!
 true g5tleman has a ke5 s5se (         
hon\r1--scrupul\sly avoid+ mean         
actions4  ,8 /&>d ( probity 9 ^w &      
action is high4  ,he does  n %uffle or  
prev>icate1 dodge or skulk2 b is hone/1 
upright1 &  /raight=w>d4  ,8 law is     
rectitude--action 9 "r l9es4  ,:5 he    
says yes1 x is a law3 & he d>es to say !
 valiant no at !  fitt+ season4  ,!     
g5tleman w n be brib$2 only ! l[-m9d$  &
 unpr9cipl$ w sell !mselves to ^? :o are
 int]e/$ 9  buy+ !m4  ,:5 ! upright     
,jonas ,hanway (ficiat$ z commission] 9 
! victuall+ dep>tm5t1 he decl9$ to      
receive a pres5t ( any k9d  f a         
contractor2 refus+ ?us to be biass$ 9 ! 
p]=mance ( 8  public duty4  ,a f9e trait
 ( ! same k9d is to be not$ 9 ! life (  
! ,duke ( ,well+ton4  ,%ortly aft] !    
battle ( ,assaye1 "o morn+  ! ,prime    
,m9i/] ( ! ,c\rt ( ,hyd]abad wait$ ^u   

him = !  purpose ( privately asc]ta9+   
:at t]ritory & :at advantages _h  be5   
res]v$ = 8 ma/] 9 ! treaty ( peace      
betwe5 ! ,mahratta  pr9ces & ! ,nizam4  
,to obta9 ?is in=mation ! m9i/] (f]$  ! 
g5]al a v l>ge sum--consid]ably above   
#ajj1jjjl4  ,look+ at  him quietly = a  
few seconds1 ,sir ,ar?ur said1 8,x      
appe>s1 !n1 t  y are capable ( keep+ a  
secret80  8,yes1 c]ta9ly10 repli$ !     
m9i/]4  8,!n s am ,i10 said ! ,engli%   
g5]al1 smil+1 & b[$  ! m9i/] out4  ,x 0 
to ,well+ton's great hon\r1 t ?\gh      
uni=mly successful 9 ,india1 & ) ! p[] (
 e>n+ 9 su*  modes z ?is enorm\s weal?1 
he did n add a f>?+ to 8 =tune1  &      
return$ to ,engl& a comp>atively poor   
man4    ,a simil> s5sitiv5ess &         
high-m9d$ness *>act]is$ 8 noble         
relative1 ! ,m>quis ( ,wellesley1 :o1 on
 "o occasion1 positively  refus$ a      
pres5t ( #ajj1jjjl4 propos$ to be giv5  
him by !  ,directors ( ! ,ea/ ,india    
,company on ! conque/ ( ,mysore4  8,x is
  n necess>y10 said he1 8= me to allude 

to ! indep5d5ce ( my  "*1 & ! prop]     
dignity atta*+ to my (fice2 o!r reasons 
besides ^! important consid]ations lead 
me to decl9e ?is te/imony1  :i* is n    
suitable to me4  ,i ?9k ( no?+ b our    
army4  ,i  %\ld be mu* di/ress$ to      
curtail ! %>e ( ^? brave soldi]s40  ,& !
 ,m>quis's resolution to refuse ! pres5t
 rema9$ unalt]able4    ,sir ,*>les      
,napi] exhibit$ ! same noble self-d5ial 
9 ! c\rse (  8 ,indian c>e]4  ,he       
reject$ all ! co/ly gifts :i* b>b>ic    
pr9ces 7 ready to lay at 8 feet1 & said 
) tru?1 8,c]ta9ly ,i  c\ld h got        
#cj1jjjl4 s9ce my com+ to ,sc9de1 b my  
h&s d n  want wa%+ yet4  ,our de> fa!r's
 sword :i* ,i wore 9 bo? battles        
7,meanee & ,hyd]abad7 is un/a9$40       
,ri*es & rank h no necess>y connexion ) 
g5u9e g5tlemanly  qualities4  ,! poor   
man may be a true g5tleman1--9 _s & 9   
daily  life4  ,he may be hone/1 tru?ful1
 upright1 polite1 temp]ate1  c\rage\s1  
self-respect+1 & self-help+1--t is1 be a
 true  g5tleman4  ,! poor man ) a ri* _s

 is 9 all ways sup]ior to  ! ri* man ) a
 poor _s4  ,to borr[ ,/4 ,paul's words1 
! =m]  is z 8hav+ no?+1 yet possess+ all
 ?+s10 :ile ! o!r1  ?\gh possess+ all   
?+s1 has no?+4  ,! fir/ hopes ev]y?+1  &
 fe>s no?+2 ! la/ hopes no?+1 & fe>s    
ev]y?+4  ,only  ! poor 9 _s are really  
poor4  ,he :o has lo/ all1 b reta9s 8   
c\rage1 *e]fulness1 hope1 virtue1 &     
self-respect1 is /ill ri*4  ,= su* a    
man1 ! _w is1 z x 71 held 9 tru/2 8 _s  
dom9at+ ov] its gross] c>es1 he c /ill  
walk erect1 a true  g5tleman4           
,occasionally1 ! brave & g5tle "* may be
 f\nd "u !  humble/ g>b4  ,"h is an old 
illu/ration1 b a f9e "o4  ,once on a    
"t1 :5 ! ,adige sudd5ly ov]fl[$ its     
banks1 ! bridge ( ,v]ona  0 c>ri$ away1 
) ! exception ( ! c5tre ar*1 on :i* /ood
 a  h\se1 ^: inhabitants supplicat$ help
 f ! w9d[s1 :ile !  f\ndations 7 visibly
 giv+ way4  8,i w give a hundr$ ,fr5*   
l\is10 said ! ,c\nt ,spolv]9i1 :o /ood  
by1 8to any p]son :o w  v5ture to deliv]
 ^! un=tunate p40  ,a "y peasant came =?

  f ! cr[d1 seiz$ a boat1 & pu%$ into ! 
/ream4  ,he ga9$ !  pi]1 receiv$ ! :ole 
family into ! boat1 & made = ! %ore1    
:]e he l&$ !m 9 safety4  8,"h is y\r    
money1 my brave "y  fell[10 said ! c\nt4
  8,no10 0 ! answ] ( ! "y man1 8,i d  n 
sell my life2 give ! money to ?is poor  
family1 :o h ne$ (  x40  ,"h spoke !    
true _s ( ! g5tleman1 ?\gh he 0 b 9  !  
g>b ( a peasant4    ,n less t\*+ 0 !    
h]oic conduct ( a p>ty ( ,deal boatm5 9 
rescu+ ! crew ( a colli]-brig 9 ! ,d[ns 
b a %ort "t ago4  #djj  ,a sudd5 /orm   
:i* set 9 f ! nor?-ea/ drove sev]al     
%ips f _! an*ors1 & x be+ l[ wat]1 "o ( 
!m /ruck !  gr\nd at a consid]able      
di/ance f ! %ore1 :5 ! sea made a  clean
 brea* ov] h]4  ,!re 0 n a ve/ige ( hope
 = ! vessel1  su* 0 ! fury ( ! w9d & !  
viol5ce ( ! waves4  ,!re 0  no?+ to     
tempt ! boatm5 on %ore to risk _! lives 
9 sav+  ei!r %ip or crew1 = n a f>?+ (  
salvage 0 to be look$ =4  ,b ! d>+      
intrepidity ( ! ,deal boatm5 0 n want+  
at ?is  critical mom5t4  ,no soon] _h ! 

brig gr\nd$ ?an ,simon ,prit*>d1  "o ( !
 _m p]sons assembl$ along ! bea*1 ?rew  
(f 8 coat &  call$ out1 8,:o w come ) me
 & try to save t crew80  ,in/antly      
tw5ty m5 sprang =w>d1 ) 8,i w10 8& ,i40 
,b sev5 only 7  want$2 & runn+ d[n a    
galley punt into ! surf1 !y leap$ 9 &   
da%$ ?r\gh ! break]s1 amid/ ! *e]s ( ^? 
on %ore4  ,h[  ! boat liv$ 9 su* a sea  
seem$ a miracle2 b 9 a few m9utes1      
impell$ by ! /rong arms ( ^! gallant m51
 %e flew on & rea*$  ! /r&$ %ip1 8cat*+ 
h] on ! top ( a wave02 & 9 less ?an  a  
qu>t] ( an h\r f ! "t ! boat left !     
%ore1 ! six m5  :o compos$ ! crew ( !   
colli] 7 l&$ safe on ,walm] ,bea*4  ,a  
nobl] in/ance ( indomitable c\rage &    
dis9t]e/$ h]oism on !  "p ( ! ,deal     
boatm5--brave ?\gh !y are always kn[n to
 be--p]haps  _c be cit$2 & we h pleasure
 9 "h plac+ x on record4    ,mr4        
,turnbull1 9 8 "w on #8,au/ria1' relates
 an anecdote ( ! late  ,emp]or ,francis1
 9 illu/ration ( ! mann] 9 :i* !        
,gov]nm5t (  t c\ntry has be5 indebt$1 =

 its hold ^u ! p1 to !  p]sonal         
qualities ( its pr9ces4  8,at ! "t :5 ! 
*ol]a 0  rag+ at ,vi5na1 ! emp]or1 ) an 
aide-de-camp1 0 /roll+ ab\t  ! /reets ( 
! city & suburbs1 :5 a corpse 0 dragg$  
pa/ on a  litt] unaccompani$ by a s+le  
m\rn]4  ,! unusual circum/ance  attract$
 8 att5tion1 & he le>nt1 on inquiry1 t !
 deceas$ 0  a poor p]son :o _h di$ (    
*ol]a1 & t ! relatives _h n  v5tur$ on  
:at 0 !n consid]$ ! v dang]\s (fice (   
att5d+ ! body to ! grave4  #8,!n1' said 
,francis1 #8we w supply  _! place1 =    
none ( my poor p %\ld g to ! grave )\t  
t la/ m>k ( respect2' & he foll[$ ! body
 to ! di/ant place  ( int]m5t1 &1       
b>e-head$1 /ood to see e rite &         
obs]vance  respectfully p]=m$40    ,f9e 
?\gh ?is illu/ration may be ( !         
qualities ( ! g5tleman1  we c mat* x by 
ano!r equally good1 ( two ,engli%       
navvies 9 ,p>is1  z relat$ 9 a morn+    
pap] a few ye>s ago4  8,"o day a he>se 0
  obs]v$ asc5d+ ! /eep ,rue de ,cli*y on
 its way to ,montm>tre1  be>+ a c(f9 (  

popl> wood ) its cold corpse4  ,n a s\l 
foll[$--n ev5 ! liv+ dog ( ! dead man1  
if he _h "o4  ,! day  0 ra9y & dismal2  
pass]s by lift$ ! hat z is usual :5 a   
fun]al passes1 & t 0 all4  ,at l5g? x   
pass$ two ,engli%  navvies1 :o f\nd     
!mselves 9 ,p>is on _! way f ,spa94  ,a 
"r  feel+ spoke f b5ea? _! s]ge jackets4
  #8,poor wret*6' said !  "o to ! o!r1  
#8no "o foll[s him2 let u two foll[6'   
,& ! two  took (f _! hats1 & walk$      
b>e-head$ aft] ! corpse ( a  /rang] to !
 cemet]y ( ,montm>tre40    ,above all1 !
 g5tleman is tru?ful4  ,he feels t tru? 
is ! 8summit  ( be+10 & ! s\l (         
rectitude 9 human affairs4  ,"l         
,*e/]field  decl>$ t ,tru? made !       
success ( a g5tleman4  ,! ,duke (       
,well+ton1 writ+ to ,kell]man1 on !     
subject ( prison]s on p>ole1  :5 oppos$ 
to t g5]al 9 ! p59sula1 told him t if   
!re 0  "o ?+ on :i* an ,engli% (fic]    
prid$ himself m ?an ano!r1  except+ 8   
c\rage1 x 0 8 tru?fulness4  8,:5 ,engli%
 (fic]s10  said he1 8h giv5 _! p>ole (  

hon\r n to escape1 be sure !y  w n break
 x4  ,believe me--tru/ to _! ^w2 ! ^w ( 
an  ,engli% (fic] is a sur] gu>antee ?an
 ! vigilance ( s5t9els40    ,true c\rage
 & g5tl5ess g h& 9 h&4  ,! brave man is 
g5]\s  & =be>ant1 nev] un=giv+ & cruel4 
,x 0 f9ely said ( ,sir  ,john ,frankl9  
by 8 fri5d ,p>ry1 t 8he 0 a man :o nev] 
turn$  8 back ^u a dang]1 yet ( t       
t5d]ness t he w\ld n bru%  away a       
mosquito40  ,a f9e trait ( "*--truly    
g5tle1 & wor?y (  ! _s ( ,bay>d--0      
display$ by a ,fr5* (fic] 9 ! cavalry   
combat ( ,el ,bodon 9 ,spa94  ,he _h    
rais$ 8 sword to /rike ,sir  ,felton    
,h>vey1 b p]ceiv+ 8 antagoni/ _h only "o
 arm1 he  in/antly /opp$1 br\ght d[n 8  
sword be=e ,sir ,felton 9 ! usual       
salute1 & rode pa/4  ,to ?is may be add$
 a noble & g5tle de$ (  ,ney dur+ ! same
 ,p59sul> ,w>4  ,*>les ,napi] 0 tak5    
prison] at  ,corunna1 desp]ately w\nd$2 
& 8 fri5ds at home did n "k  :e!r he 0  
alive or dead4  ,a special mess5g] 0 s5t
 out f  ,engl& ) a frigate to asc]ta9 8 

fate4  ,b>on ,cl\et receiv$ !  flag1 &  
in=m$ ,ney ( ! arrival4  8,let ! prison]
 see 8  fri5ds10 said ,ney1 8& tell !m  
he is well1 & well treat$40  ,cl\et     
l+]$1 & ,ney ask$1 smil+1 8:at m he     
want$08  8,he has an old  "m1 a wid[1 & 
bl9d40  8,has he8 !n let him g himself &
 tell  h] he is alive40  ,z ! ex*ange ( 
prison]s betwe5 ! c\ntries 0  n !n      
all[$1 ,ney knew t he risk$ !           
displeasure ( ! ,emp]or  by sett+ ! "y  
(fic] at lib]ty2 b ,napoleon approv$ !  
g5]\s act4    ,not)/&+ ! wail :i* we    
occasionally he> = ! *ivalry t  is gone1
 our own age has witness$ de$s ( brav]y 
& g5tl5ess--(  h]oic self-d5ial & manly 
t5d]ness--:i* are unsurpass$ 9 hi/ory4  
,! ev5ts ( ! la/ few ye>s h %[n t our   
c\ntrym5 are z  yet an undeg5]ate race4 
,on ! bleak plateau ( ,seba/opol1 9 !   
dripp+ p]il\s tr5*es ( t twelvemon?'s   
leagu]1 m5 ( all  classes prov$ !mselves
 wor?y ( ! noble inh]itance ( "*  :i* _!
 =efa!rs h bequea!d to !m4  ,b x 0 9 !  
h\r  ( ! great trial 9 ,india t !       

qualities ( our c\ntrym5 %one  =? !     
brighte/4  ,! m>* ( ,neill on ,cawnpore1
 ( ,havelock on  ,luckn[--(fic]s & m5   
alike urg$ on by ! hope ( rescu+ ! wom5 
& ! *ildr5--are ev5ts :i* ! :ole hi/ory 
( *ivalry _c  equal4  ,outram's conduct 
to ,havelock1 9 resign+ to him1 ?\gh 8  
inf]ior (fic]1 ! hon\r ( lead+ ! attack 
on ,luckn[1 0 a  trait wor?y ( ,sydney1 
& alone ju/ifies ! title :i* has be5    
aw>d$ to him (1 8! ,bay>d ( ,india40  ,!
 dea? ( ,h5ry  ,lawr5ce--t brave & g5tle
 _s--8 la/ words be=e dy+1 8,let  !re be
 no fuss ab\t me2 let me be buri$ ) !   
m510--! anxi\s  solicitude ( ,sir ,col9 
,campbell to rescue ! beleagu]$ (       
,luckn[1  & to conduct 8 long tra9 (    
wom5 & *ildr5 by night f !nce  to       
,cawnpore1 :i* he rea*$ amid/ ! all b   
ov]p[]+ assault (  ! enemy1--! c>e ) :i*
 he l$ !m across ! p]il\s bridge1  nev] 
ceas+ 8 *>ge ov] !m until he _h se5 !   
preci\s convoy  safe on ! road to       
,allahabad1 & !n bur/ ^u ! ,gwalior     
cont+5t  l a ?und]-clap2--su* ?+s make u

 feel pr\d ( our c\ntrym5 &  inspire !  
conviction t ! be/ & pure/ gl[ ( *ivalry
 is n  dead1 b vigor\sly lives among u  
yet4    ,ev5 ! common soldi]s prov$     
!mselves g5tlem5 "u _! trials4  ,at     
,agra1 :]e s _m poor fell[s _h be5      
scor*$ & w\nd$ 9  _! enc\nt] ) ! enemy1 
!y 7 br\ght into ! =t1 &  t5d]ly nurs$  
by ! ladies2 & ! r\gh1 gallant fell[s   
prov$  g5tle z any *ildr54  ,dur+ !     
weeks t ! ladies wat*$ ov]  _! *>ge1    
nev] a ^w 0 said by any soldi] t c\ld   
%ock !  e> ( ! g5tle/4  ,& :5 all 0     
ov]--:5 ! mortally-w\nd$ _h  di$1 & !   
sick & maim$ :o surviv$ 7 able to       
demon/rate _!  gratitude--!y invit$ _!  
nurses & ! *ief p ( ,agra to an         
ent]ta9m5t 9 ! beautiful g>d5s ( ! ,taj1
 :]e1 amid/ fl[]s  & music1 ! r\gh      
vet]ans1 all sc>r$ & mutilat$ z !y 71   
/ood up to ?ank _! g5tle c\ntrywom5 :o  
_h clo!d & f$ !m1  & m9i/]$ to _! wants 
dur+ _! "t ( sore di/ress4  ,9 !        
hospitals at ,scut>i1 too1 _m w\nd$ &   
sick bless$ ! k9d ,engli%  ladies :o    

nurs$ !m2 & no?+ c be f9] ?an ! ?\ght ( 
!  poor suff]]s1 unable to re/ ?r\gh    
pa91 bless+ ! %ad[ (  ,flor5ce          
,night+ale z x fell ^u _! pill[ 9 !     
night wat*es4    ,! wreck ( ! ,birk5head
 (f ! coa/ ( ,africa on ! #bg? (        
,febru>y1 #aheb1 af=ds ano!r memorable  
illu/ration ( ! *ivalr\s  _s ( common m5
 act+ 9 ?is n9ete5? c5tury1 ( :i* any   
age  might be pr\d4  ,! vessel 0 /eam+  
along ! ,african coa/ ) #dgb  m5 & #aff 
wom5 & *ildr5 on bo>d4  ,! m5 belong$ to
 sev]al  regim5ts !n s]v+ at ! ,cape1 & 
consi/$ pr9cipally ( recruits  :o _h be5
 only a %ort "t 9 ! s]vice4  ,at two    
o'clock 9 !  morn+1 :ile all 7 asleep   
bel[1 ! %ip /ruck ) viol5ce ^u  a hidd5 
rock :i* p5etrat$ h] bottom2 & x 0 at   
once felt t  %e mu/ g d[n4  ,! roll ( ! 
drums call$ ! soldi]s to arms on  ! upp]
 deck1 & ! m5 mu/]$ z if on p>ade4  ,!  
^w 0  pass$ to save ! wom5 & *ildr52 & !
 helpless creatures 7  br\ght f bel[1   
mo/ly undress$1 & h&$ sil5tly into !    
boats4  ,:5 !y _h all left ! %ip's side1

 ! comm&] ( ! vessel  ?\ghtlessly call$ 
out1 8,all ^? t c swim1 jump ov]bo>d &  
make = ! boats40  ,b ,capta9 ,wright1 ( 
! #ia/ ,highl&]s1 said1  8,no6 if y d t1
 ! boats ) ! wom5 mu/ be swamp$20 & !   
brave m5 /ood motionless4  ,!re 0 no    
boat rema9+1 & no hope (  safety2 b n a 
he>t quail$2 no "o fl9*$ f 8 duty 9 t   
try+ mom5t4  8,!re 0 n a murmur nor a   
cry among/ !m10 said  ,capta9 ,wright1 a
 survivor1 8until ! vessel made h] f9al 
plunge40  ,d[n w5t ! %ip1 & d[n w5t !   
h]oic b&1 fir+ a feu de joie  z !y sank 
b5ea? ! waves4  ,glory & hon\r to !     
g5tle & !  brave6  ,! examples ( su* m5 
nev] die1 b1 l _! memories1 are         
immortal4    ,!re are _m te/s by :i* a  
g5tleman may be kn[n2 b !re is "o  t    
nev] fails--,h[ does he ex]cise p[] ov] 
^? subord9ate to  him8  ,h[ does he     
conduct himself t[>ds wom5 & *ildr58    
,h[ does  ! (fic] treat 8 m51 ! employ] 
8 s]vants1 ! ma/] 8  pupils1 & man 9 e  
/ation ^? :o are weak] ?an himself8  ,! 
discretion1 =be>ance1 & k9dl9ess1 ) :i* 

p[] 9 su* cases  is us$1 may inde$ be   
reg>d$ z ! crucial te/ ( g5tlemanly  "*4
  ,:5 ,la ,motte 0 "o day pass+ ?r\gh a 
cr[d1 he  accid5tally trod ^u ! foot ( a
 "y fell[1 :o =?) /ruck  him on ! face3 
8,ah1 sire10 said ,la ,motte1 8y w      
surely be sorry =  :at y h done1 :5 y "k
 t ,i am bl9d40  ,he :o bullies  ^? :o  
are n 9 a position to resi/ may be a    
snob1 b _c be a  g5tleman4  ,he :o      
tyrannizes ov] ! weak & helpless may be 
a c[>d1  b no true man4  ,! tyrant1 x   
has be5 said1 is b a slave turn$  inside
 out4  ,/r5g?1 & ! consci\sness ( /r5g?1
 9 a  "r-he>t$ man1 imp>ts a nobl5ess to
 8 "*2 b he w be  mo/ c>eful h[ he uses 
x2 =        8,x is excell5t      ,to h a
 giant's /r5g?2 b x is tyrann\s      ,to
 use x l a giant40    ,g5tl5ess is inde$
 ! be/ te/ ( g5tlemanl9ess4  ,a         
consid]ation  = ! feel+s ( o!rs1 = 8    
inf]iors & dep5dants z well z  8 equals1
 & respect = _! self-respect1 w p]vade !
 true  g5tleman's :ole conduct4  ,he w r
 himself suff] a small injury1  ?an by  

an un*>itable con/ruction ( ano!r's     
behavi\r1 incur !  risk ( committ+ a    
great wrong4  ,he w be =be>ant ( !      
weaknesses1 ! fail+s1 & ! errors1 ( ^?  
^: advantages 9  life h n be5 equal to 8
 own4  ,he w be m]ciful ev5 to 8  bea/4 
,he w n boa/ ( 8 weal?1 or 8 /r5g?1 or 8
 gifts4  ,he w n be puff$ up by success1
 or unduly depress$ by failure4  ,he  w 
n obtrude 8 views on o!rs1 b speak 8 m9d
 freely :5  occasion calls = x4  ,he w n
 conf] fav\rs ) a patroniz+  air4  ,sir 
,walt] ,scott once said ( ,"l ,lo?ian1  
8,he is a man f :om  "o may receive a   
fav\r1 & t's say+ a great deal 9 ^!     
days40    ,"l ,*a?am has said t !       
g5tleman is *>act]is$ by 8  sacrifice ( 
self & pref]5ce ( o!rs to himself 9 !   
little daily  occurr5ces ( life4  ,9    
illu/ration ( ?is rul+ _s (             
consid]at5ess 9 a noble "*1 we may cite 
! anecdote ( !  gallant ,sir ,ralph     
,ab]cromby1 ( :om x is relat$1 t :5     
mortally  w\nd$ 9 ! battle ( ,ab\kir1 he
 0 c>ri$ 9 a litt] on bo>d !            

#8,f\droyant2' &1 to ease 8 pa91 a      
soldi]'s blanket 0 plac$ "u  8 head1 f  
:i* he exp]i5c$ consid]able relief4  ,he
 ask$ :at  x 04  8,x's only a soldi]'s  
blanket10 0 ! reply4  8,^:  blanket is  
x80 said he1 half lift+ himself up4     
8,only "o ( !  m5's40  8,i wi% to "k !  
"n ( ! man ^: blanket ?is is40  8,x  is 
,duncan ,roy's1 ( ! #dbnd1 ,sir ,ralph40
  8,!n see t ,duncan ,roy gets  8       
blanket ?is v night40 #djh  ,ev5 to ease
 8 dy+ agony !  g5]al w\ld n deprive !  
private soldi] ( 8 blanket = "o  night4 
,! incid5t is z good 9 its way z t ( !  
dy+ ,sydney  h&+ 8 cup ( wat] to !      
private soldi] on ! field ( ,zutph54    
,! qua9t old ,full] sums up 9 a few     
words ! "* ( ! true  g5tleman & man (   
action 9 describ+ t ( ! great admiral1  
,sir  ,francis ,drake3 8,*a/e 9 8 life1 
j 9 8 deal+s1 true ( 8  ^w2 m]ciful to  
^? t 7 "u him1 & hat+ no?+ s mu*  z     
idl5esse2 9 matt]s especially ( mom5t1  
he 0 nev] wont to rely  on o!r m5's c>e1
 h[ tru/y or skilful soev] !y might seem

 to be1  b1 always contemn+ dang]1 &    
refus+ no toyl1 he 0 wont himself  to be
 "o 7:oev] 0 a second7 at e turn1 :]e   
c\rage1 skill1 or  indu/ry1 0 to be     
employ$40          ,,footnotes      #d  
,napoleon ,,iii41 #8,life ( ,cs>4'      
#ae  ,s\lt receiv$ b little education 9 
8 y\?1 & le>nt next  to no geography    
until he became =eign m9i/] ( ,france1  
:5 !  /udy ( ?is bran* ( k is said to h 
giv5 him ! greate/  pleasure4--#8uvres1 
c41 d',alexis de ,tocqueville4  ,p> ,g4 
de ,beaumont4'  ,p>is1 #ahfa4 ,i4 #eb   
#be  #8uvres et ,correspondance 9dite   
d',alexis de ,tocqueville4  ,p>  ,gu/ave
 de ,beaumont4'  ,i4 #cih4    #bf  8,i h
 se510 said he1 8a hundr$ times 9 !     
c\rse ( my life1  a weak man exhibit    
g5u9e public virtue1 because support$ by
 a wife :o  su/a9$ h9t 9 8 c\rse1 n s   
mu* by advis+ him to su* &  su* acts1 z 
by ex]cis+ a /r5g!n+ influ5ce ov] !     
mann] 9  :i* duty or ev5 ambition 0 to  
be reg>d$4  ,mu* (t5]1 h[ev]1  x mu/ be 
confess$1 h ,i se5 private & dome/ic    

life gradually  trans=m a man to :om    
nature _h giv5 g5]osity1 dis9t]e/$ness1 
& ev5 "s capacity = greatness1 into an  
ambiti\s1 mean-spirit$1  vulg>1 & selfi%
 creature :o1 9 matt]s relat+ to 8      
c\ntry1  end$ by consid]+ !m only 9 s f>
 z !y r5d]$ 8 own  p>ticul> condition m 
com=table & easy40--#8uvres de          
,tocqueville4'  ,,ii4 #cdi4    #ca      
,s9ce ! orig9al publication ( ?is book1 
! au?or has 9  ano!r "w1 #8,! ,lives (  
,b\lton & ,watt1' endeav\r$ to portray 9
  great] detail ! "* & a*ievem5ts ( ^!  
two rem>kable  m54    #dc;a  ,! foll[+  
entry1 :i* occurs 9 ! acc\nt ( monies   
disburs$ by ! burgesses ( ,%effield 9   
#aegc 8 is suppos$ by "s  to ref] to !  
inv5tor ( ! /ock+ frame3--8,item gyv5 to
 ,willm-,lee1  a poore s*oll] 9         
,%eafield1 t[>ds ! settyng him to !     
,univ]sitie  ( ,*ambrydge1 & buy+ him   
bookes & o!r furnyture :i* money 0      
aft]w>ds return$ xiii iiii #acs4        
#d;d440--,hunt]1 #8,hi/ory (            
,hallam%ire1' #ada4    #dc;b  #8,hi/ory 

( ! ,framework ,knitt]s4'    #dd  ,!re  
are1 h[ev]1 o!r & diff]5t acc\nts4  ,"o 
is to !  effect t ,lee set ab\t /udy+ ! 
contrivance ( ! /ock+-loom  = ! purpose 
( less5+ ! lab\r ( a "y c\ntry-girl to  
:om  he 0 atta*$1 ^: occupation 0       
knitt+2 ano!r1 t be+  m>ri$ & poor1 8   
wife 0 "u ! necessity ( contribut+ to   
_! jo9t support by knitt+2 & t ,lee1    
:ile wat*+ ! motion  ( 8 wife's f+]s1   
conceiv$ ! idea ( imitat+ _! movem5ts by
  a ma*9e4  ,! latt] /ory seems to h be5
 inv5t$ by ,a>on ,hill1  ,esq41 9 8     
#8,acc\nt ( ! ,rise & ,progress ( !     
,bee* ,oil  manufacture1' ,london1      
#agae2 b 8 /atem5t is altoge!r          
unreliable4  ,?us he makes ,lee to h be5
 a ,fell[ ( a college at ,ox=d1 f  :i*  
he 0 expell$ = m>ry+ an innkeep]'s      
daught]2 :il/ ,lee  nei!r /udi$ at      
,ox=d1 nor m>ri$ !re1 nor 0 a ,fell[ (  
any  college2 & he concludes by alleg+ t
 ! result ( 8 inv5tion  0 to 8make ,lee 
& 8 family happy20 :]eas ! inv5tion     
br\ght him  only a h]itage ( mis]y1 & he

 di$ abroad de/itute4    #de  ,blackn]1 
#8,hi/ory ( ,nott+ham4'  ,! au?or adds1 
8,we h  in=mation1 h&$ d[n 9 direct     
succession f fa!r to son1 t x  0 n till 
late 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury t "o man c\ld  
manage  ! work+ ( a frame4  ,! man :o 0 
consid]$ ! workman employ$  a lab\r]1 :o
 /ood beh9d ! frame to "w ! slur &      
press+  motions2 b ! application (      
traddles & ( ! feet ev5tually  r5d]$ !  
lab\r unnecess>y40    #gd  ,palissy's   
own words are3--8,le bois m'ayant       
failli1 je fus contra9t  brusl] les     
e/apes 7taies7 qui s\/5oy5t les tailles 
de mon j>d91  lesquelles e/ant brusles1 
je fus con/ra9t brusl] les tables et    
plan*] de la maison1 af9 de faire fondre
 la seconde composition4  ,j'e/ois en   
une telle angoisse que je ne saurois    
dire3 c> j'e/ois t\t  t>i et dese*      
cause du labeur et de la *aleur du      
f\rneau2 il y  avoit plus d'un mois que 
ma *emise n'avoit sei* sur moy1 encores 
p\r  me consol] on se moquoit de moy1 et
 mesme ceux qui me devoi5t sec\rir      

alloi5t cri] p> la ville que je faisois 
brusl] le plan*]3 et p>  tel moy5 l'on  
me faisoit p]dre mon cr$it et           
m'e/imoit-on e/re fol4  ,les autres     
disoi5t que je *]*ois  faire la fausse  
monnoye1 qui  e/oit un mal qui me       
faisoit sei*] sur les pi$s2 et m'en     
allois p>  les rus t\t baiss comme un   
homme honteux3 4 4 4 p]sonne ne me      
sec\roit3 ,mais au contraire ils se     
mocquoy5t de moy1 en disant3 ,il luy    
app>ti5t bi5 de m\rir de faim1 p> ce    
qu'il delaisse son me/i]4  ,t\tes ces   
n\velles v5oy5t a mes aureilles qu& je  
passois p> la  ru40  #8uvres ,compltes  
de ,palissy4  ,p>is1 #ahdd2' ,de l',art 
de ,t]re1 p4  #cae4    #gg  8,t\tes ces 
fautes m'ont caus un tel lasseur et     
tri/esse  d'esprit1 qu'aup>avant que    
j'aye r5du mes maux fusible  un mesme   
degr de feu1 j'ay cuid entr] jusques  la
 porte du sepul*re3 aussi en  me        
travaillant  tels affaires je me suis   
tr\v l'espace de plus se dix  ans si =t 
esc\l en ma p]sonne1 qu'il n'y avoit    

aucune =me ny  app>5ce de bosse aux bras
 ny aux jambes3 a9s e/oy5t mes dites    
jambes  t\tes d'une v5ue3 de sorte que  
les li5s de quoy j'atta*ois mes bas de  
*ausses e/oy5t1 s\da9 que je *em9ois1   
sur les talons avec le  residu de mes   
*ausses40--#8uvres1 #cai-bj4    #gh  ,at
 ! sale ( ,mr4 ,b]nal's articles ( v]tu 
9 ,london a few ye>s  s9ce1 "o (        
,palissy's small di%es1 #ab in*es 9     
diamet]1 ) a  liz>d 9 ! c5tre1 sold =   
#afbl4    #gi  ,)9 ! la/ few mon?s1 ,mr4
 ,*>les ,read1 a g5tleman curi\s  9     
matt]s ( ,prote/ant antiqu>ianism 9     
,france1 has discov]$ "o (  ! ov5s 9 :i*
 ,palissy bak$ 8 *efs-d'uvre4  ,sev]al  
m\lds (  faces1 plants1 animals1 c41 7  
dug up 9 a good /ate ( pres]vation1     
be>+ 8 well-kn[n /amp4  ,x is situat$ "u
 ! gall]y ( !  ,l\vre1 9 ! ,place du    
,c>r\sel4    #hj;a  ,d',aubign1         
#8,hi/oire ,univ]selle4'  ,! hi/orian   
adds1 8,voyez  l'impud5ce de ce bili/re6
 v\s diriez qu'il auroit lu ce v]s de   
,snque3 #8,on ne peut contra9dre celui  

qui sait m\rir3 ,qui mori scit1  cogi   
nescit4'0    #hj;b  ,! subject (        
,palissy's life & lab\rs has be5 ably & 
elaborately treat$ by ,pr(essor ,morley 
9 8 well-kn[n "w4  ,9 !  above brief    
n>rative we h = ! mo/ "p foll[$         
,palissy's own  acc\nt ( 8 exp]im5ts z  
giv5 9 8 #8,art de ,t]re4'    #hd       
8,almighty ,god1 ! great ,creator1  ,has
 *ang$ a goldmak] to a pott]40    #he   
,! :ole ( ! ,*9ese & ,japanese porcela9 
0 =m]ly kn[n  z ,indian                 
porcela9--probably because x 0 fir/     
br\ght by !  ,portuguese f ,india to    
,europe1 aft] ! discov]y ( ! ,cape (    
,good  ,hope by ,vasco da ,gama4    #hi 
#8,w$gwood3 an ,address deliv]$ at      
,burslem1 ,oct4 #bf?1 #ahfc4'  ,by  !   
,"r ,hon4 ,w4 ,e4 ,glad/one1 ,m4,p4     
#aae  ,x 0 *>act]i/ic ( ,mr4 ,hume1 t1  
dur+ 8 pr(essional  voyages betwe5      
,engl& & ,india1 he %\ld dilig5tly apply
 8 sp>e  "t to ! /udy ( navigation &    
seaman%ip2 & _m ye>s aft]1 x  prov$ (   
use to him 9 a rem>kable mann]4  ,9     

#ahbe1 :5 on 8  passage f ,london to    
,lei? by a sail+ smack1 ! vessel _h     
sc>cely  cle>$ ! m\? ( ! ,?ames :5 a    
sudd5 /orm came on1 %e 0  driv5 out ( h]
 c\rse1 &1 9 ! d>kness ( ! night1 %e    
/ruck  on ! ,goodw9 ,s&s4  ,! capta91   
los+ 8 pres5ce ( m9d1 seem$  incapable (
 giv+ coh]5t ord]s1 & x is probable t ! 
vessel  w\ld h become a total wreck1 _h 
n "o ( ! pass5g]s sudd5ly  tak5 ! comm& 
& direct$ ! work+ ( ! %ip1 himself tak+ 
! helm :ile ! dang] la/$4  ,! vessel 0  
sav$1 & ! /rang]  0 ,mr4 ,hume4    #adi 
#8,saturday ,review1' ,july #crd1 #aheh4
    #agc  ,mrs4 ,grote's #8,memoir ( !  
,life ( ,ary ,s*eff]1' p4 #fg4    #bja  
,:ile ! %eets ( ?is revis$ edition are  
pass+ ?r\gh !  press1 ! ann\ncem5t      
appe>s 9 ! local pap]s ( ! dea? ( ,mr4  
,jackson at ! age ( fifty4  ,8 la/ "w1  
complet$ %ortly be=e 8  dea?1 0 a       
cantata1 entitl$ #8,! ,praise ( ,music4'
  ,! above  p>ticul>s ( 8 e>ly life 7   
communicat$ by himself to ! au?or       
sev]al ye>s s9ce1 :ile he 0 /ill c>ry+  

on 8 bus9ess ( a  tall[-*&l] at ,ma%am4 
#baf  ,mansfield ow$ no?+ to 8 noble    
relations1 :o 7 poor &  un9flu5tial4  ,8
 success 0 ! legitimate & logical result
 ( !  means :i* he s$ul\sly employ$ to  
secure x4  ,:5 a boy he rode up  f      
,scotl& to ,london on a pony--tak+ two  
mon?s to make ! j\rney4  ,aft] a c\rse (
 s*ool & college1 he ent]$ ^u !         
pr(ession (  ! law1 & he clos$ a c>e] ( 
pati5t & ceaseless lab\r z ,"l  ,*ief   
,ju/ice ( ,engl&--! functions ( :i* he  
is univ]sally  admitt$ to h p]=m$ )     
unsurpass$ ability1 ju/ice1 & hon\r4    
#bfc  ,on #8,?\ght & ,action4'    #bgg  
#8,correspondance de ,napolon ,i]41'    
publie p> ordre de l',emp]eur  ,napolon 
,,iii1 ,p>is1 #ahfd4    #bhc  ,! rec5tly
 publi%$ correspond5ce ( ,napoleon ) 8  
bro!r  ,joseph1 & ! ,memoirs ( ! ,duke (
 ,ragusa1 abundantly confirm ?is  view4 
,! ,duke ov]?rew ,napoleon's g5]als by !
 sup]iority ( 8  r\t9e4  ,he us$ to say 
t1 if he knew any?+ at all1 he knew h[  
to  fe$ an army4    #cac  ,8 old g>d5]4 

,coll+wood's fav\rite amusem5t 0  g>d5+4
  ,%ortly aft] ! battle ( ,trafalg> a   
bro!r admiral  call$ ^u him1 &1 aft]    
se>*+ = 8 lord%ip all ov] !  g>d51 he at
 la/ discov]$ him1 ) old ,scott1 9 !    
bottom ( a  deep tr5* :i* !y 7 busily   
employ$ 9 digg+4    #cai  ,article 9 !  
#8,times4'    #cba  #8,self-,developm5t3
 an ,address to ,/ud5ts1' by ,george    
,ross1 ,m4,d41  pp4 #a-bj1 repr9t$ f !  
#8,m$ical ,circul>4'  ,?is address1 to  
:i*  we ackn[l$ge our obligations1      
conta9s _m admirable ?\ghts on          
self-culture1 is ?or\ghly heal?y 9 its  
tone1 & well des]ves  republication 9 an
 enl>g$ =m4    #cbi  #8,saturday        
,review4'    #ced  ,see ! admirable &   
well-kn[n book1 #8,! ,pursuit ( ,k  "u  
,difficulties4'    #cef;a  ,late        
,pr(essor ( ,moral ,philosophy at ,/4   
,&rew's4    #cef;b  ,a writ] 9 !        
#8,ed9burgh ,review' 7,july1 #ahei7     
obs]ves t  8! ,duke's tal5ts seem nev]  
to h develop$ !mselves until "s  active 
& practical field = _! display 0 plac$  

imm$iately  be=e him4  ,he 0 long       
describ$ by 8 ,sp>tan "m1 :o ?\ght him  
a dunce1 z only #8food = p[d]4'  ,he    
ga9$ no sort ( di/9ction1  ei!r at ,eton
 or at ! ,fr5* ,milit>y ,college (      
,ang]s40  ,x is n  improbable t a       
competitive exam9ation1 at ?is day1     
might h  exclud$ him f ! army4    #ceg  
,correspond5t ( #8,! ,times1' #aa?      
,june1 #ahfc4    #cib  ,rob]tson's      
#8,life & ,lett]s1' i4 #beh4    #djj    
,on ! #aa? ,janu>y1 #ahff4    #djh      
,br[n's #8,hor ,subseciv4'