,life3 ,its ,true ,g5esis ,by ,r4 ,w4 ,wright ,masoretic ,hebrew4-- 4-- 4 ,septuag9t4 ,^: g5]al pr9ciple ( life1 ea* 9 itself aft] its own k9d1 is ^u ! e>?4 ,correct ,translation4 ,second ,edition #ahhd ,,respectfully ,,d$icat$ ,,to ,,ar?ur ,e4 ,,hot*kiss1 ,,esq4 ,,( ,,*e%ire1 ,,conn4 ,cont5ts4 ,prefatory ,*apt] ,i4 ,introductory4 ,*apt] ,,ii4 ,life--,its ,true ,g5esis4 ,*apt] ,,iii4 ,alt]nations ( ,=e/ ,gr[?s4 ,*apt] ,,iv4 ,! ,di/ribution & ,vitality ( ,se$s4 ,*apt] ,v4 ,plant ,migration & ,int]glacial ,p]iods4 ,*apt] ,,vi4 ,di/ribution & ,p]man5ce ( ,species4 ,*apt] ,,vii4 ,:at ,is ,life8 ,its ,v>i\s ,!ories4 ,*apt] ,,viii4 ,mat]iali/ic ,!ories ( ,life ,refut$4 ,*apt] ,,ix4 ,=ce-,correlation1 ,diff]5tiation & ,o!r ,life ,!ories4 ,*apt] ,x4 ,d>w9ism ,consid]$ f a ,vitali/ic ,/&-po9t4 ,preface to ,second ,edition4 ,"h is ! law ( life1 z laid d[n by ! eagle-ey$ prophet ,isaiah1 9 t rem>kable *apt] comm5c+1 ,ho1 e "o t ?ir/e?--:e!r x be aft] k1 or any o!r e>?ly or spiritual good--come unto me & ,i w give y t :i* y seek4 ,?is is ! _s ( ! text1 & ^! are ! words at ! comm5cem5t ( ! t5? v]se3 ,z ! ra9 come? d[n1 & ! sn[ f heav51 & returne? n ?i!r1 b wat]e? ! e>?1 & make? x 7! e>?7 br+ =? & bud 7n fir/ bud1 be> se$1 & !n br+ =?71 t x 7! e>?7 may give se$ to ! s[]1 & bread to ! eat] 7man be+ ! only s[] ( se$ & eat] ( bread73 s %all my ,^w be 7! ,^w ( ,life7 t goe? =? out ( my m\? 7! m\? ( ! ,"l72 x %all n return unto me void 7i4e41 lifeless71 b x %all accompli% t :i* ,i 7! ,"l ,jehovah7 please1 & x 7! liv+ ,^w7 %all prosp] 9 ! ?+ :]eto ,i s5t x4 ,?is =mula ( life is z true n[ z x 0 ov] two ?\s& six hundr$ ye>s ago1 :5 x 0 p5n$ by ! div9ely inspir$ prophet1 & x is z true n[ z x 0 !n1 t ,in/ead ( ! ?orn %all come up ! fir tree1 & in/ead ( ! bri> %all come up ! myrtle tree2 & x %all be to ! ,"l = a "n1 = an ev]la/+ sign t %all n be cut (f4 ,t is1 z ! ra9s desc5d & ! floods come & *ange ! face ( ! e>?1 a law1 equival5t to ! div9e comm&1 ,let ! e>? br+ =?1 is =ev] op]ative1 *ang+ ! face ( nature & caus+ x to give expression to new =ms ( life z ! conditions !re( are *ang$1 & ^! =ms are spok5 into exi/5ce by ! div9e fiat4 ,9 all ! alt]nations ( =e/ gr[?s t are tak+ place to-day1 on ?is cont95t or else:]e1 ?is "o vital law is traceable ev]y:]e4 ,9 ! c\rse ( ! next ye>1 x w be z palpable 9 ! ,isl& ( ,java1 rec5tly desolat$ by ! mo/ disa/r\s e>?quake record$ 9 hi/ory1 z 9 any o!r portion ( ! e>?1 h[ev] free f su* volcanic action4 ,on ! v spot :]e m\nta9 ranges disappe>$ 9 a flam+ sea ( fire1 & o!r ranges 7 ?r[n up 9 p>allel l9es b on diff]5t bases1 & :]e x 0 evid5t t e se$1 plant1 tree1 & ?+ ( life p]i%$ 9 "o common vortex ( ru91 animal z well z vegetable life w make its appe>ance 9 ob$i5ce to ?is law1 z soon z ! ra9s %all aga9 desc5d1 cool ! basaltic & o!r rocks1 & ! life-giv+ p[] ref]r$ to by ,isaiah once m become op]ative4 ,!re is no m d\bt ( ?is 9 ! m9d ( ! le>n$ naturali/1 ?an 9 t ( ! mo/ dev\t believ] ( ! ,bible1 f :i* ?is mo/ rem>kable =mula is tak54 ,we h no disposition to arraign ! ,am]ican & ,european ,agno/ics1 z !y are pleas$ to call !mselves1 = us+ ! t]m ,nature in/ead ( ,god1 9 _! philosophical writ+s4 ,z long z !y are evid5tly e>ne/ seek]s aft] ,tru? z x is to be f\nd 9 nature--! "w ( ,god--!y are mo/ welcome into ! temple ( sci5ce1 & _! !ories des]ve our ?\ghtful consid]ation4 ,x is only :5 !y become dogmatic1 & ass]t propositions t h no f\ndation 9 tru?1 z we s9c]ely believe1 t we propose to break a lance at _! exp5se1 & lay b>e _! fallacies4 ,we claim no?+ m = ourself1 z a sci5tific writ]1 ?an we are will+ & ready to accord to !m4 ,inde$1 we w\ld *ampion _! "r to be he>d soon] ?an we w\ld our own1 on ! pr9ciple t x is our duty to be j to o!rs be=e we are g5]\s to ourselves1 or ^? ( our own foll[+4 ,b our ,agno/ic fri5ds %\ld rememb] t :5 !y *>ge u ) be+ dogmatic 9 sci5ce1 ! *>ge %\ld be made good f a sci5tific /&-po9t1 & n m]ely by ! b&y+ ( words4 ,:5 !y tell u1 = in/ance1 t a toad has hib]nat$ = a million ye>s 9 any "o ( ! /ratifi$ rocks ne> ! surface ( ! gr\nd1 we int]pose ! objection t none ( ^! batra*ian =ms c exi/ = a p]iod ( m ?an twelve mon?s )\t air & food4 ,& yet !y h be5 bla/$ out ( cavities 9 ! surface rocks ( ! e>?1 :]e !y h app>5tly la9 = ! p]iod nam$ by our sci5tific fri5ds ref]r$ to4 ,! fault is n ours1 b !irs1 t !y are 9 error4 ,_h !y det]m9$ to /udy ! subject ( life1 z we h done1 f ! ,bible z well z f nature1 !y w\ld h comm5c$ at ^! toad-produc+ rocks1 & work$ _! way upw>d to ! s\rce ( all life1 & n d[nw>d to ! vani%+ po9t--t :]e animal life ceases 9 ! azoic rocks4 ,! batra*ians are l[ d[n 9 ! scale ( nature1 b !y h a det]m9ate p]iod ( exi/5ce1 z d all o!r =ms ( life4 ,try y\r exp]im5ts ) !m2 see h[ long !y w live )\t light1 air1 & food4 ,?is y c d z well z ourself4 ,con=m to all ! conditions requir$--! absolute exclusion ( light1 air1 & food--& y w f9d t ! t\ghe/ specim5 exp]im5t$ ) is a dead batra*ian inside ( "o ye>4 ,?is exp]im5tal te/ %\ld settle ! "q ( l5g!n$ vitality betwe5 u4 ,!re is no miracle ab\t ?is matt] at all1 & sci5ce f9ds no /umbl+-block 9 ! way ( a complete explication ( ?is riddle1 if1 9 ! light ( nature1 !re be any su* riddle4 ,we claim !re is n1 :5 we int]pret nature 9 ! light ( nature's ,god4 ,let ! e>?1 or r its silici\s & o!r decay+ rocks1 br+ =? ^! batra*ian =ms4 ,! comm& is imp]ative & n dep5d5t ^u any se$ previ\sly scatt]$ or s[n 9 ! e>? itself4 ,! fa!r ( ! writ] 0 ,sup]9t5d5t ( ! ,gre5 ,m\nta9 ,turnpike ,company1 ext5d+ f ,bell[s ,falls to ,rutl&1 ,vt41 f #ahab to #ahcb1 & work$ e rod ( t road _m times ov]4 ,f our e>lie/ boyhood we accompani$ him on ^! work+ trips1 att5d$ by a l>ge =ce ( labor+ m51 & our att5tion 0 e>ly call$ to ! *>act]i/ics ( ^! toad-produc+ rocks4 ,! rott+ slates1 %ales1 s&/ones1 %i/s1 & rocks ( v>i\s k9ds1 7 (t5 pl\gh$ up by ! road-sides1 & ! dbris scrap$ into ! c5tre ( ! road-b$s2 ! heavie/ pl\ghs ( t day be+ us$ to cut ?r\gh ^! wayside rocks1 & (t5 requir+ z _m z six or eight yoke ( ox5 to break ! necess>y furr[4 ,9 _m ( ^! decay+ slates1 %i/s1 s&/ones etc41 hundr$s ( "y toads1 _m ( !m n m ?an half an in* 9 l5g?1 7 turn$ out at diff]5t seasons ( ! ye>1 %[+ t !y 7 produc$ indep5d5tly ( any p>5t batra*ian1 !re be+ no trace ( a "m toad 9 connection ) !m4 ,! p>5t toads bury !mselves 9 ! g>d5s & pl\gh$ fields 9 ! e>ly autumn1 & if !y survive ! sev]ity ( ! w9t] mon?s1 may propagate _! k9d ! second ye>1 & probably = sev]al ye>s4 ,b !y require rem>kably favorable conditions to cont9ue _! life = any consid]able numb] ( ye>s 9 op5-field propagation1 :ile "u no circum/ances :atev] c !y make _! way into ^! decay+ rocks 9 ord] to propagate _! species4 ,! reason :y su* fre% specim5s appe> "u ^! circum/ances1 & 9 ! cavities ( ! rocks nam$1 is conclusively t indicat$ by ! prophet ,isaiah1 9 ! text quot$ by u2 & :5 ,pr(essor ,agassiz 0 =c$ to admit t tr\t mu/ h made _! appe>ance 9 ! fre%-wat] /reams empty+ into ,lake ,sup]ior1 in/ead ( orig9at+ else:]e1 x is to be regrett$1 = ! sake ( sci5ce1 t he did n boldly enunciate ! =mula ( life z taught by ! eagle-ey$ prophet ( ! ,bible1 & n z proclaim$ by ! owl-ey$ pr(essors ( ! ,london ,univ]sity ,college4 ,:at is true ( ! tr\t 9 ^! ,lake ,sup]ior /reams1 is true ( !m almo/ ev]y:]e1 ev5 "r 9 ! t[n ( ,*e%ire1 ,conn41 :]e we are indit+ ?is preface1 ! #aj? day ( ,octob]1 #ahhc4 ,we rec5tly visit$ ! ,rev4 ,david ,d4 ,bi%op1 9 ! nor!a/]n portion ( ?is t[n%ip1 :]e t cultur$ g5tleman 0 con/ruct+ an artificial tr\t-pond4 ,x 0 at a season ( ! greate/ dr\ght kn[n = ye>s 9 t portion ( ! t[n4 ,! po9t select$ = ?is tr\t-pond 0 at ! f>!/ ea/]n s\rce ( :at is kn[n z ,honey ,pot brook 9 ,*e%ire1 a fam\s "o = tr\t 9 =m] ye>s4 ,mr4 ,bi%op propos$ to /ock 8 pond ) ! be/ spawn he c\ld procure4 ,we rem>k$ to him t !re 0 no ne$ ( t exp5se1 z no /ream ev] produc$ bett] tr\t ?an ! ,honey ,pot2 & on closely exam9+ "o ( ! six or eight cold spr+s develop$ 9 8 enclosure1 to 8 surprise1 n ours1 we discov]$ sev]al small tr\t1 n m ?an six weeks old1 z lively z !y c\ld well be "u ! bla/+ op]ations !n go+ on !re2 :ile 8 *ildr5 7 fi%+ out f ! rocks any numb] ( "y frogs 7( ! common ,rana family71 ab\nd+ :]ev] rocks & wat] make _! appe>ance 9 simil> localities4 ,?is incid5t 0 all ! m rem>kable = ! reason t ?is small /ream1 or r s\rce ( "o1 _h be5 app>5tly dry = mon?s1 z _h be5 _m ( ! be/ wells 9 ! t[n4 ,our well1 9 ! we/]n "p ( ! t[n1 _h be5 dug "s six feet into ! solid rock & an inexhau/ible supply ( ! colde/ wat] secur$4 ,we invit$ our neighbors1 ^? liv+ on bo? sides ( u1 z well z at "s di/ance f u1 to come & draw all ! wat] !y want$1 rem>k+ t !y might n[ & !n draw up a small frog1 orig9at+ !re91 b t1 by fi%+ him out ( ! pail1 he w\ld make 8 way to ! neighbor+ /reams n dry1 & w\ld fl\ri% well en\gh z "o ( ! ,rana family4 ,x 0 only to our m intellig5t neighbors 7su* z ,mr4 ,bi%op7 :o _h read our "w on ,life1 t we /opp$ to expla9 ?is ph5om5al fact4 ,& s ( all life1 :]ev] x appe>s1 :e!r vegetable or animal4 ,our exp]im5ts ) mosquitoes are equally conclusive4 ,?ree ye>s ago we took two b>rels ( ra9-wat] f our ci/]n1 tightly cov]$2 "o b>rel we left op5 to ! w>m sun & air1 & ! o!r we cov]$ ) ! f9e/ mosquito nett+4 ,! b>rel left op5 0 soon ?rong$ ) mosquitoes1 con/ruct+ _! little rafts ( eggs & pav+ _! way = ! sw>ms ( "y wiggl]s t 9 ! c\rse ( a week or two made _! appe>ance 9 ! op5 b>rel 9 imm5se numb]s4 ,! process by :i* ^! wiggl]s hat* out into mosquitoes is an int]e/+ "o1 & w be> ! close/ /udy1 z well z sci5tifically pay = wat*+ ! op]ation4 ,at ! prop] "t !y come to ! surface ( ! wat]1 und]go a palpable modification 9 _! /ructure1 & beautifully burgeon =? into ! torm5t+ little insects t !y are dur+ ! summ] & autumn mon?s 9 our ,nor!rn climate4 ,! object ( ! cov]$ b>rel 0 to asc]ta9 :e!r we c\ld rea* ! conditions favorable = ! developm5t ( ?is little pe/ ( ! ,culex family1 indep5d5tly ( ! eggs ( ! insect itself4 ,?is requir$ "s pati5ce & n a little c>e4 ,we knew t an egg dropp$ ?r\gh ! int]/ices ( ! nett+ w\ld s9k to ! bottom ( ! wat] & fail to g]m9ate1 z e sci5ti/ und]/&+ ! process well kn[s4 ,x mu/ be float$ on ! wat] at fir/1 or until x rea*es ! po9t ( developm5t into a wiggl]4 ,! fir/ /ep 9 ! process ( its life is z cunn+ly devis$ z ! second1 & ! second z ! ?ird1 until ! full-fl$g$ mosquito is rea*$4 ,all precautions mu/ be tak5 aga9/ any mi/ake or error 9 ! exp]im5t nam$4 ,b we p]sev]$ & f\nd nature responsive to our dem&s4 ,wiggl]s aft] a:ile made _! appe>ance sp>sely 9 ! cov]$ b>rel1 b ! mosquitoes develop$ f !m prov$ innocu\s ( h>m1 z we kept ! b>rel cov]$1 & !y 7 soon dr[n$ 9 ! wat]1 n hav+ suffici5t area ( flight to answ] ! conditions ( _! life4 ,we might in/ance "s rem>kable discov]ies 9 ! vegetable _w1 %[+ conclusively t plants & trees come )\t se$1 & we feel ! m pride 9 ?is discov]y because we h be5 assur$ by ,pr(4 ,o?niel ,c4 ,m>%1 ( ,yale ,college1 a g5tleman highly di/+ui%$ 9 8 specialties1 t if we w\ld %[ t an oak tree came )\t an acorn1 he w\ld ab&on ,evolution & accept ! exposition giv5 by u ( ! ,bible g5esis2 b we h no special ambition to make s em95t a conv]t f ,h]b]t ,sp5c]'s ranks4 ,he is a mu* y\ng] man ?an ourself1 b ! great ,engli% ,evolutioni/ or ,involutioni/1 :i*ev] he may ultimately decide to call himself1 is ab\t ! writ]'s own age1 &1 = special reasons1 he w\ld pref] to w9 him to ! vital side ( ?is "q1 t he may act ) ,pr(essor ,beale 9 ! great controv]sy n[ wag+ 9 ,engl& on ?is subject1 & we w assure bo? ,pr(4 ,m>%1 & 8 fri5d1 ,h]b]t ,sp5c]1 t if ei!r ( !m w %[ t an acorn comes )\t an oak tree1 we w ab&on any position we h tak5 on ?is subject1 & accept !irs1 h[ev] absurdly 7to our m9d7 x may h be5 tak5 9 ! pa/4 ,we "k t tall oaks f little acorns gr[2 b t is :5 man becomes ! s[] ( se$1 & kn[s ! orig9 ( ea* specific tree t is br\ght =?4 ,:5 we talk ab\t ! squirrel1 or ! birds becom+ ! s[]s ( se$s1 especially ! acorns1 we are talk+ at r&om1 & )\t any c]ta9 k4 ,?is we say ) all due def]5ce & respect to our le>n$ ,agno/ic fri5ds1 & wi% !y w\ld treat _! vitali/ic bro!rs ) ! same becom+ c\rtesy4 ,9 a "w :i* we h n[ 9 prep>ation = ! press1 to be entitl$ ,biodynamics2 or1 ,! ,laws ( ,life1 we %all give ?is se$ "q a m exhau/ive inquiry ?an we h yet done4 ,our pro(s 9 reg>d to "o =m ( life are equally applicable to any o!r plant1 insect1 or animal1 & !re is no great] or less my/]y 9 ! life ( a blade ( grass ?an 9 ! c$> ( ,lebanon figur+ s conspicu\sly 9 ! hi/oric page4 ,:5 ! ,nile ov]fl[$ its banks 9 anci5t times1 & caus$ ! "y frogs to sw>m up z a pe/ ^u ! ,egyptians1 ! same law ( life 0 op]ative 9 t l&1 z :5 w>m ?und]-%[]s pelt ! e>? ) u 9 ! summ] season1 caus+ hundr$s & ?\s&s ( ^! batra*ians to come out ( ! gritty waysides1 & sw>m along our highways & by-ways1 lead+ ignorant & ?\ghtless p to suppose t !y h ra9$ d[n f ! sky4 ,! simple fact is1 t ! e>? 0 comm&$ to br+ !m =?1 & t great "m ( all vegetable & animal life is obey+ ! comm& to-day1 j z %e did 9 ! beg9n+4 ,"o ( ! greate/ errors t sci5ce has yet committ$1 or r t sci5tific m5 h /umbl$ ^u1 is ! !ory t all liv+ =ms h appe>$ b once 9 "t & place1 & t !y h !nce diffus$ !mselves1 9 pairs1 ?r\gh\t ! globe1 z f specific c5tres ( orig94 ,9 ! primeval oceans1 :5ev] & :]ev] ! environ+ conditions ( matt] 7 ! same or id5tical1 ! l liv+ =ms made _! appe>ance & fl\ri%$ = hundr$s & ?\s&s ( ye>s1 & f9ally disappe>$1 9 a fossiliz$ /ate1 z _! environ+ conditions 7 *ang$4 ,!y came n g5etically--z 9 pairs--b ?rong$ ! seas 9 ?\s&s & millions z ! div9e edict w5t =?4 ,z ano!r conclusive pro(1 to our m9d1 ( ! exi/5ce ( ?is law ( life1 we in/ance ! case ( ! mango-tree gr[+ 9 ! ,we/ ,india ,isl&s1 especially along ! sea-%ore1 :]e x becomes ! natural habitat ( ! oy/]4 ,x is ! belief ( "s ignorant p]sons t ! oy/] climbs ^! trees & deposits its spawn or spat ^u ! extreme limbs ( ! same z !y b5d d[n t[>d ! wat]4 ,?is is manife/ly an error1 & belongs to ! same class ( fallacies z ! common impression t toads ra9 d[n f ! sky4 ,! small] mango-trees gr[+ ab\t ! bays & inlets ( ^! isl&s1 furni%1 z we h said1 a natural habitat = ! oy/]1 & z ! salt sea-spray wa%es _! roots & ! b>k ( _! trunks1 ! long ?9-%ell$ oy/]s ( t region make _! appe>ance !reon )\t ! pres5ce ( spawn1 j z !y d :5 old oy/]-%ells are dump$ along our s&-banks 9 ,new ,engl&4 ,on ^! dump$ %ells oy/]s w be produc$ abundantly1 simply because ! conditions are favorable1 & n 9 consequ5ce ( ! pres5ce ( spat4 ,oy/]s h little1 if any1 locomotive p[]1 & c no m climb ! mango-tree ?an !y c scale ! cliffs ( ! ,azores4 ,! reason :y !y hang 9 p5d5t clu/]s f ! extreme b\ghs ( ! mango 9 ! ,we/ ,india ,isl&s is1 t ^! b\ghs are spray$ ^u by ! rippl+ wat]s1 & ! environ+ conditions be+ favorable1 ! indiff]5t oy/] ( t region makes its appe>ance4 ,!re has be5 no migration ( ! oy/] f "o c5tre ( orig9 to ano!r1 any m ?an !re has be5 a transf]5ce ( ! :ite :ale f ! arctic seas to ! fi]y equator4 ,e ?+ has its place 9 nature1 & comes ) or )\t se$ z natural laws det]m9e4 ,dur+ ! la/ ye> ,i h ga!r$ c$> trees t did n make _! appe>ance till late 9 ,augu/ & ,septemb]1 long aft] ! se$ ( ! previ\s ye> _h entirely disappe>$1 & !re 0 no m life 9 !m ?an !re is 9 acorns t h cross$ ! ,atlantic a doz5 times 9 bulk4 ,& ! late ,h5ry ,d4 ,?oreau1 9 8 ,excursions1 says t !y w n /& "o su* %ipm5t to ,europe1 & t e acorn t does n spr\t by ! end ( ,novemb] ( ! ye> x matures1 is hopelessly a dead acorn4 ,?is is 9 h>mony ) our exp]i5ce1 & we h no d\bt ( ! correctness ( 8 obs]vations4 ,h[ absurd1 !n1 to suppose t acorns c reta9 _! vitality s z to g]m9ate aft] ye>s ( out-door or o!r exposure4 ,! se$s ( =e/-trees t mature 9 ,may & ,june1 or ! majority ( !m at lea/1 h to be plant$ 9 ^? mon?s1 z all p]sons engag$ 9 =e/ culture well "k4 ,?is is specially true ( c$>s & oaks1 z well z ( elms & maples4 ,/udy ! paleontological facts z giv5 by ,pr(4 ,fr$]ick ,mc,coy1 ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,melb\rne1 9 ,au/ralia1 a g5tleman highly di/+ui%$ = 8 le>n+ & rese>*4 ,he has explor$ portions ( t cont95t z f> d[n z ! azoic rocks1 & made _m important discov]ies z to ! pa/ life ( ! globe4 ,8 rese>*es h be5 especially ri* 9 ! ,cambrian or ,l[] ,silurian epo*s1 & h l$ to _m modifications 9 ! classification ( ! v>i\s =ms ( life p]vad+ ^? e>li] p]iods1 & we may say t ! facts he has br\ght to light t5d /rongly to %[ ! correctness ( our !ory z tak5 f ! biblical text2 z1 = in/ance1 ! ,trilobites1 occurr+ s abundantly 9 :at is kn[n z ! ,utica slates4 ,:]ev] ! slates make _! appe>ance1 :e!r 9 ,au/ralia1 ,am]ica1 or any portion ( ,europe1 ?is fossil1 *>act]i/ic ( ! ,silurian & ,devonian sy/ems1 appe>$1 n s mu* 9 "t & place z 9 ext5d$ localities & conditions--indicat+ ! pres5ce ( a law ( life su* z we h enunciat$4 ,we once inquir$ ( ! eld] ,pr(4 ,silliman h[ long x took = ! =mation ( "o ( ^! p]iods or sy/ems8 ,8 reply 0 curt & p]t95t3 ,x took long en\gh1 "y man6 ,t satisfi$ u at ! "t1 & we h nev] ask$ ! "q s9ce4 ,x is pry+ beyond sci5tific dep?1 & ! able/ s*ol>s 9 ! _w w s reg>d x 9 ! end4 ,all fossils foll[ ! same developm5tal law1 & seem to h be5 gov]n$ by correspond+ conditions ev]y:]e4 ,! doctr9e ( similia similibus gignuntur--simil> conditions produc+ simil> =ms--obta9s univ]sally4 ,! ,graptolites1 occurr+ 9 ! bitum9\s %ales ( ! ,silurian s&/one p]iod1 af=d only ano!r in/ance ( ! same law to :i* we h call$ ! att5tion ( our read]s4 ,9 fact1 ! annals ( natural hi/ory ab\nd 9 ! mo/ conclusive pro(s1 z well 9 ! fossiliz$ z ! liv+ _w1 ( :at ! p>am\nt text ( ! ,bible tea*es u4 ,:5 ,pr(essor ,ehr5b]g1 "o ( ! mo/ di/+ui%$ classifi]s ( m9ute =ms ( life 9 ! _w1 decl>$1 z he rec5tly did be=e ! ,royal ,geographical ,society ( ,london1 t !re 0 a great invisible rock-& e>?-=m+ life 9 nature1 he came pretty ne> enunciat+ a great tru? 9 sci5ce2 & _h he connect$ 8 language ) ! induction ( environ+ conditions & ! sequ5ce ( life !refrom1 he w\ld h accompli%$ :at we und]took to d 9 our "w begun sev]al ye>s ago1 b n complet$ & publi%$ until #ahhj4 ,= x w be se5 t we _h be5 ga!r+ ! mat]ial = ,life3 ,its ,true ,g5esis = _m ye>s be=e we sat d[n to ! task ( writ+ x4 ,:5 we said to "o ( our mo/ intimate college fri5ds t we 7 less ?an six mon?s prep>+ x = ! press1 we /at$ :at 0 lit]ally true2 b we _h no int5tion ( giv+ him to und]/& t we _h sp5t only t "t 9 ga!r+ ! va/ am\nt ( mat]ial at our comm&--tw5ty times z mu* z we c\ld possibly use 9 ! prep>ation ( su* a volume = ! press4 ,! long mon?s & ev5 ye>s ( toil & /udy sp5t by u 9 ! ne$ful prep>ation1 7 a "p ( ! labor1 z e au?or1 writ+ intellig5tly on any subject1 kn[s4 ,! imm5se am\nt ( c>e & labor t enabl$ ,h]mann von ,mey] to prep>e 8 pap] on ! ,ar*opt]ix1 rescu$ f ! li?ographic slate1 is a case 9 po9t1 z %[+ h[ small app>5tly ! labor ( accompli%+ a great "w = sci5ce4 ,! "t devot$ to prep>+ ! pap] 0 trifl+ z comp>$ ) ! result ( 8 a*ievem5t4 ,& s ) e "o :o ent]s ! temple ( sci5ce ) a dev\t wi% to atta9 success4 ,x w be app>5t to ! religi\s m9d ( ?is c\ntry & ,engl&1 if n to t ( ,mr4 ,tyndall himself1 t1 if ! exegetical r5d]+ we h ext5d$ to ! ,bible be correct1 !re is no necessity :atev] = ! va/ uncomput$ p]iods ( "t int]v5+ ! diff]5t geological /rata1 to :i* t sci5tific g5tleman ref]s 9 8 fanciful mus+s ^u ! ,matt]horn6 ,nor is !re any su* necessity = x1 if :at ,pr(essor ,ehr5b]g says be true 9 reg>d to ! basaltic rocks ?r[n up by volcanic action 9 ! ,isl& ( ,/4 ,paul4 ,= if ^! rocks possess ?is my/]i\s p[] ( life1 ,he :o made !m manife/ly imp>t$ x4 ,"o ?+ is c]ta91 at lea/1 ! rocks did n make !mselves2 nor did !y imp>t to !mselves any life-orig9at+ p[] aft] !y 7 made4 ,! same p[] t orig9at$ !m orig9at$ all _! *>act]i/ic prop]ties1 & ! same may be said ( ,pr(essor ,tyndall's sky-mi/ or any o!r mi/i] "n sugge/$ by sci5tific m54 ,we h only to take ! ,!saurus ( ! ,silurian p]iod1 & connect x ) ! induction ( ! biblical text1 & we %all see t ! =ms *>act]i/ic ( t p]iod appe>$ n only syn*ron\sly 9 "t & space1 b also 9 physical conditions1 & consequ5tly1 t no imm5se epo*s 7 exp5d$ 9 ! propagation1 ( species on ! two-pair !ory ( our mat]iali/ic fri5ds4 ,!y simply fl\ri%$ ov] va/ areas = a :ile1 & 7 !n lock$ up z fossils :]e !y are n[ f\nd4 ,h[ long x took = ?is trans=mation to take place is manife/ly beyond any data we may n[ h = det]m9+4 ,9 ! case ( "s artificial ba?s 9 :i* cry/all9e =ms appe>1 we "k t x takes only a few weeks at lea/1 & :y %\ld natural processes be any m del9qu5t or defective 9 _! op]ation ?an ^? t are purely artificial8 ,rememb] t we are n mus+ on ! ,matt]horn z 0 ! gift$ ,engli% naturali/1 b ^u ! text ( ! equally gift$ ,isaiah1 & pond]+ ! works ( ,god z se5 by ! dev\t prophet 9 8 day4 ,:5 ,mr4 ,tyndall c tell u h[ long x took ,god to lift ! t[]+ ,matt]horn f its base1 he w be 9 a frame ( m9d to answ] ! o!r problems involv$ 9 ! controv]sy betwe5 u4 ,9 an in/ant--! tw9kl+ ( an eye--"s ( ^! ph5om5a h occurr$1 & rec5t ev5ts1 su* z wide volcanic di/urbances1 %[ h[ idle x is = man to place a limit to ! p[] ( ! ,mo/ ,high4 ,ev5 ! r$ sn[1 unmi/akably a vegetal =mation1 appe>+ at times on ! l(ti] ,alps1 is z mu* a pro( ( ,god's p[] z ! ragg$ m\nta9 peaks on :i* x appe>s--cov]+ va/ areas )9 a few h\rs' "t4 ,:5 su* m5 z ! late ,pr(essor ,silliman1 & ,pr(essor ,dana1 ,s5'r1 ( ,yale ,college1 take up ! ,bible g5esis1 & speak 9 high comm5dation ( its value to sci5ce1 x is idle = ! ,agno/ics ( t or any o!r in/itution ( le>n+ to speak sne]+ly ( _! ef=ts4 ,!y bo? "k 7= ! eld] ,b5jam9 ,silliman /ill lives7 t ! fir/ comm& ( ?is g5esis 01 = ! e>? to br+ =? its vegetation1 n f se$ di/9ctively s-call$1 b f ! g]m9al pr9ciples ( life !re92 :at ,ehr5b]g calls ! rock-& e>?-=m+ life or p[] ( life 9 matt]4 ,t ! second comm& 01 = ! wat]s ( ! e>? to br+ =? _! specific =ms ( life1 includ+ ! birds2 j :]e sci5ce n[ ass]ts !y orig9ally came f4 ,& t ! ?ird comm& 01 = ! e>? to br+ =? ! bea/s !re(1 & e creep+ ?+ !reon4 ,"h ! rock-& e>?-=m+ p[] ( life ceas$1 & ! language ( ! g5esis *anges4 ,x is no long] ,let ! e>? br+ =?1 b let ! ,div9e en]gy int]v5e6 ,let u 7! div9e ,tr9ity 9 ,unity7 make man 9 our own image--aft] our own conception ( :at he %\ld be--! be+ ( two worlds1 ! mat]ial & spiritual2 & man 0 made accord+ly4 ,god brea!d into 8 no/rils ! brea? ( life1 & he became a liv+ s\l4 ,?is is ! record--brief1 gr&1 hi/oric4 ,no evolution1 no involution1 no ^w )\t s5se or mean+4 ,he :o 0 to h dom9ion1 9 8 limit$ sph]e1 ov] all ! e>?1 ?us came 9 due "t = a wis] & gr&] purpose ?an man has yet se52 b :i*1 9 ! provid5ce ( ,god & ! light ( ,8 ^w1 he w yet come to see1 z sci5tific tru? advances ) ! m>* ( religi\s k4 ,heav5 spe$ ! day :5 ?is mill5nium ( tru? %all dawn ^u u "h6 ,9 ?is rem>kable g5esis we h a bridge t spans ! *asm betwe5 ! man & ! an?ropoid ape z no o!r bridge spans x4 ,x is a bridge ov] :i* is flung ! liv+ g>m5t ( ,god1 & angelic ho/s may pass x to & fro1 z well z ! ma/]-m9ds ( our own & future ages4 ,x takes man out ( ! category ( a bea/ ( ! e>?1 & places him :]e all s\l-aspiration lifts u--lifts ev5 ,rob]t ,g4 ,+]soll1 9 8 high] inspirational moods1 or w lift him :5 8 extreme mat]ial dogmatisms & false tea*+s des]t him1 z we tru/ !y "s day w4 ,let him read ! ,/ud5t1 by ,bulw]1 & he w le>n h[ n>r[ly ,voltaire escap$ becom+ a ,re=m] 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&1 in/ead ( ! viol5t antagoni/ he 0 ( ! corrupt ,*ur* ( ,rome 9 ,france4 ,we d n make ourselves2 x is ! environ+ circum/ances & conditions 9 :i* we are plac$ :i* (t5times det]m9e our c>e] = good or = evil4 ,we _h propos$ embody+ 9 ?is ,preface "o or two cau/ic reviews ( our late "w1 f an ,agno/ic s\rce1 b h be5 det]r$ f s do+1 = ! reason t we deem x 9 bad ta/e z well z irrelevant at ?is late day4 ,we %all be p>don$1 h[ev]1 9 allud+ to ,! ,national ,qu>t]ly ,review1 = ! capti\s mann] 9 :i* x treat$ u aft] we _h c\rte\sly repli$ to sev]al inquiries made ( u 9 its two- or ?ree-page review4 ,aft] compla9+ t we _h be5 hail$1 by a class ( call[ religi\s critics1 z a ',savior' f sci5tific error & enormities1 x *>g$ u ) c]ta9 unscrupul\s me?ods ( criticism1--su* z putt+ language into ,mr4 ,d>w9's m\? t he nev] ?\ght ( utt]+1 etc41 etc4 ,& z ?is pret5ti\s ,qu>t]ly put sev]al que/ions to u1 su* z ,:5 & :]e ! great ,evolutioni/ _h taught any su* doctr9e z ?is8 we v5tur$ to reply z c\rte\sly z we knew h[4 ,we endeavor$ to treat our review] fairly1 z he _h h&somely accord$ to u ! cr$it ( se>*+ ! fields ( natural sci5ce1 lance 9 h&1 to deal h>d ?ru/s at impi\s skeptics1 mat]iali/s1 & evolutioni/s--( :i* ,mr4 ,d>w9 & ,mr4 ,ba/ian f>e ! mo/ sev]ely4 ,b we _h no ?\ght ( us+ ^! (f5sive adjectives t[>d ei!r ( ! di/+ui%$ g5tlem5 nam$1 & did n s use !m2 h[ev] unscrupul\s our me?ods may h be5 9 o!r respects4 ,our reply 0 unnotic$ by ! bulky ,qu>t]ly1 & we 7 cont5t ) kn[+ t x 0 receiv$ by its editor1 & %>$ ! fate ( all intrusive communications :i* x is easi] to ?r[ into ! wa/e-basket1 especially 9 hot wea!r1 ?an to answ] 9 ! int]e/s ( sci5ce1 :5 su* answ]s are difficult to be made4 ,?is 0 ! fir/ & only discussion we attempt$ to provoke ) our exhau/ive ,review]s1 & x w1 9 all probability1 be ! la/4 ,little is ga9$ by ^! polemical controv]sies1 :5 conduct$ 9 ! _s ( unfairness1 or ) great] asp]ity ?an ! true int]e/s ( j\rnalism dem&4 ,! beauty ( its k9dly advice to u1 z a sci5tific critic1 0 t e ^w ( x came back1 z a cruel boom]ang1 into ! writ]'s own face4 ,b ?is is en\gh4 ,= ! la/ ?ree ye>s we h be5 mo/ly engag$ 9 writ+ ano!r book1 ! "* ( :i* is already suffici5tly indicat$ 9 ?is ,preface4 ,! reasons :y we h be5 l$ to adh]e to our orig9al purpose ( mak+ ?is a ,bible ,g5esis1 z ,! ,national ,qu>t]ly ,review speaks ( x1 are be/ kn[n to our m intimate fri5ds1 & we d n propose to disappo9t !m 9 _! expectations4 ,if we h fail$ to make our !ory und]/ood by o!rs1 we regret x2 if o!rs fail to und]/& ! inspir$ text1 x is manife/ly a matt] = !m to regret1 & = u to deplore4 ,to ^? :o h spok5 k9dly ( ,life3 ,its ,true ,g5esis1 we return our ?anks3 to ^? :o h ext5d$ to x _! %>pe/ criticisms1 9 :at !y believe ! true int]e/s ( sci5ce1 we also return our ?anks4 ,we h no fe> t ,tru? w be cru%$ 9 ?is conte/3 ,tru? cru%$ to e>? %all heav5w>d rise aga91 ,l wayside fl[]s t lift _! heads1 agl[ ,) a f> sweet] fragrance :5 !y've be5 ,all rudely trampl$ on by ho/ile foe1 ,?an :5 9 ,flora's g5tle arms !y've la9 ,! long night ?r\gh1 & wake at e>ly dawn ,to greet ,aurora--jewell$ que5 ( morn6 ,r4 ,w4 ,wright4 ,we/ ,*e%i]1 ,conn41 ,oct4 #ab1 #ahhc4 ,prefatory4 ,! (fice ( a preface is tw(old2 fir/1 to introduce ! au?or to ! public2 second1 to introduce 8 "w4 ,z ! writ] seeks no p]sonal introduction1 beyond :at a favorable or unfavorable reception ( 8 "w may give him1 he leaves ! m =mal1 if n =midable bran* ( salutation unt\*$4 ,! "w has co/ him "s labor1 z ! read] w see4 ,! field he has trav]s$ is va/ & v>i$1 & ! facts he has ga!r$ are num]\s & f _m & div]sifi$ s\rces--all be>+ m or less conclusively on ! "o vital po9t he seeks to e/abli%1 viz3 ,t ! primordial g]ms 7mean+ g]m9al pr9ciples ( life7 ( all liv+ ?+s1 man alone except$1 are 9 !mselves ^u ! e>?1 & t !y sev]ally make _! appe>ance1 ea* aft] its k9d1 :5ev] & :]ev] ! necess>y environ+ conditions exi/4 ,! f\ndation ( ?is emphatic =mula we f9d 9 ! ,bible ,g5esis1 9 ! words giv5 on our title-page1 :i* are m accurately translat$ 9 ! ,septuag9t1 ?an 9 our common ,engli% v]sion ( ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,! words are to be f\nd 9 ! #aa? v]se ( ! fir/ *apt] ( ,g5esis1 & ! writ] confid5tly believes t !y conta9 ! true ,g5esis ( ,life1 al?\gh entirely ov]look$1 h]et(ore1 by bo? ! biblical & sci5tific s*ol>4 ,9 ! "w :i* he "h gives to ! public1 he w endeavor to %[ t all ! vital ph5om5a ( our globe1 ) ! s+le exception nam$1 f9d _! complete explication 9 ?is ,g5esis ( ,life2 & t we h only to take ! sci5tific ,g5esis out ( "s ( its m impos+ categories1 to make ! two ei!r entirely h>monize1 or fall into ! same l9es ( incid5ce 9 human ?\ght4 ,sci5ce has long taught t ! abs5ce ( necess>y physiological conditions results ev]y:]e 9 ! disappe>ance ( vital ph5om5a2 by rev]s+ its logical me?ods1 x w also f9d t ! pres5ce ( ^! necess>y conditions results ev]y:]e 9 ! appe>ance ( vital ph5om5a4 ,take1 = in/ance1 ! vegetation ( ,nor!rn ,europe1 :]e x is kn[n t ! oak succe$$ ! p9e1 & ! bee* ! oak1 aft] ea* _h held possession ( ! soil = we "k n h[ _m ?\s& ye>s4 ,9 br++ ab\t ! necess>y conditions ( soil1 ! p9e pav$ ! way = ! oak1 & t 9 turn pav$ ! way = ! bee*4 ,nei!r sprang f ! o!r1 nor did ! selection ( ! fitte/ h any?+ to d ) ! appe>ance or disappe>ance ( ei!r4 ,ea* yield$ fruit aft] 8 k9d1 ^: se$ 7g]m9al pr9ciple ( life7 0 9 itself1 i4e41 aft] its own k9d1 ^u ! e>?1 & made its appe>ance spontane\sly1--t is1 )\t ! pres5ce ( natural se$1--:5ev] ! necess>y environ+ conditions favor$4 ,& ! same law ( vegetal propagation is ev]y:]e op]ative to-day1 9 ! alt]nations ( =e/ gr[?s1 ! spontane\s appe>ance ( oak =e/s :]e p9e h be5 cle>$ away1 & vice v]sa1 9 "s p>ts ( ! c\ntry1 :]e heavy =e/s ( oak timb] h be5 fell$4 ,s ) ! new gr[?s ( timb] spr++ up 9 ! pa?s ( tornadoes1 ov] l>ge burnt di/ricts1 9 soils br\ght up f bel[ ! la/ glacial drift1 & 9 hundr$s ( o!r in/ances :i* ! read] w f9d conclusively v]ifi$ 9 ^! pages1--all mak+ _! appe>ance )\t ! possible int]v5tion ( natural se$s4 ,! great value ( ! ,septuag9t1 z comp>$ ) o!r v]sions ( ! ,hebrew ,bible1 w appe> f ! fact t x is old] by _m hundr$ ye>s ?an any manuscript copy ( ! ,hebrew text n[ extant4 ,x 0 und\bt$ly translat$ at ,alex&ria1 9 ,egypt1 z e>ly z ! ?ird c5tury be=e ,*ri/1 :ile ! olde/ kn[n ,hebrew ,,ms4 is a ,p5tateu* roll dat+ no fur!r back ?an ,a4 ,d4 #ehj4 ,its translators _h be=e !m mu* old] & m p]fect ,,mss4 ?an any t surviv$ to ! "t ( ! masoretic rec5sion1 :5 an attempt 0 made to give uni=mity to ! read+s & r5d]+s ( ! ,hebrew text by means ( ! v[el po9ts1 diacritical signs1 t]m9al lett]s1 etc41 all ( :i* are n[ subject to rejection by ! be/ ,ori5tal s*ol>%ip4 ,accord+ to ,ir5u1 ?is ,greek v]sion 0 r5d]$ at ! reque/ ( ,ptolemy ,lagi1 9 ord] to add to ! treasures ( ! ,alex&rian libr>y1 & x no d\bt d]iv$ its "n f ! numb] ( ,hebrew & ,hell5i/ic s*ol>s1--probably ! mo/ em95t to be f\nd 9 t day1--employ$ ^u ! "w4 ,! v]sion comes1 !re=e1 ) p>am\nt au?ority to our own times2 & we accept its ,greek r5d]+ z ! highe/ & mo/ conclusive evid5ce ( ! au!nticity ( ! text1 & ! new g5esis ( life we d]ive !refrom4 7z conta9$ 9 ! ,septuag9t7 has almo/ an id5tical signification ) ! ,hebrew ^w ,,zra4 ,x means ! g]m ( any?+1 or ! g]m9al pr9ciple ( life1 z conta9$ 9 any?+ t lives or gr[s4 ,no "o w claim t x is us$ 9 its lit]al s5se ( se$1 9 ! text4 ,=1 :5 ! div9e comm& 0 issu$1 !re 0 no plant or tree1 &1 presumably1 _h be5 none ^u ! e>? f :i* se$ c\ld h be5 d]iv$4 ,! ^w 0 us$ 9 its l>g] & m compreh5sive 7t is1 metaphorical7 s5se1 z ! g]m9al pr9ciple ( life 9 matt]1 or precisely 9 ! s5se 9 :i* ! ,greek /oics us$ x 9 _! philosophy4 ,bo? ,!ophra/us & ,diog5es use ! t]ms express+ ! laws ( g5]ation conta9$ 9 matt]--precisely ! mean+ we atta* to x 9 its textual connection4 ,! elev5? v]se %\ld read1 !re=e1 z foll[s3 ,let ! e>? br+ =? grass1 ! h]b yield+ se$1 & ! fruit-tree yield+ fruit aft] 8 k9d1 ^: g]m9al pr9ciple ( life1 ea* 9 itself aft] its k9d1 is ^u ! e>? ,we accept ?is r5d]+ ( ! sev5ty1 because !y _h ! mo/ complete & p]fect ,hebrew ,,mss4 be=e !m1 & 7 no d\bt bett] s*ol>s1 & f> m compet5t r5d]]s ( ! orig9al text ?an ! ,masorites :o came "s sev5 or eight hundr$ ye>s aft] !m4 ,b ?is is n ! mo/ important po9t ( inquiry 9 ?is connection4 ,! mat]iali/ic objector may say3 ,admit all ?is2 grant t ! true r5d]+ is "h giv52 grant ev5 t ! true law ( vegetal developm5t & gr[? is "h enunciat$2 :at has '/>-ey$ sci5ce' to d ) ! 'odium !ologicum8' ,we answ]1 no?+4 ,we w\ld bury bo? !ological rancor & a!i/ical pret5sion 9 ! same b>r[1 & agree nev] to peep & botanize ov] _! common grave4 ,b if a great sci5tific pr9ciple--"o t fits into all ! ph5om5al facts ( nature--expla9s !m all1 & is1 9 turn1 expla9$ by !m--be f\nd 9 ! ,hebrew ,hagiographa1 ( :at less value is x to sci5ce ?an if x _h be5 orig9ally enunciat$ by ,ari/otle or ,plato8 ,or--to make ! inquiry /ill %>p] & m emphatic--( :at less value is x to sci5ce ?an if x _h orig9ally come f ,pr(essor ,tyndall or ,mr4 ,h]b]t ,sp5c]8 ,take ! biblical g5esis z we h enunciat$ & expla9$ x--) all ! facts cr[d$ into ^! explanatory pages--& sci5ce has no long] any g5etic my/]y to brood ov]1 fur!r ?an t e op]ation ( nature is a my/]y into :i* x is useless = sci5tific speculation to pry4 ,we "k :at nature does1 or may "k x by ! prop] scrut9y1 b we %all nev] "k ! causes ( ?+s1 any m ?an we %all f9d ,god at ! bottom ( ,h]b]t ,sp5c]'s crucible1 or at ! top ( 8 ladd] ( syn!sis4 ,9 ! light ( ! ,bible g5esis1 sci5ce c acc\nt = ! orig9 ( ! /alw>t oak or ! lordly p9e1 )\t go+ back to any mycological or cryptogamic =ms1 to foll[ d[n an ev]-*ang+ vital plexus t is z likely to l& 9 a buttonwood tree z an oak1 or 9 a hemlock z a p9e1--9 fact1 q z likely to l& 9 a c>nivor\s animal z 9 an insectivor\s plant4 ,let ! e>? br+ =?1 is /ill ! et]nal fiat1--j z implicitly obey$ to-day z x 0 9 ! _w's primeval hi/ory1 :5 an exub]ance ( endog5\s vegetation laid ! f\ndation ( ! coal measures4 ,x requires no great] ef=t on ! "p ( nature to produce ! p9e1 ! oak1 ! bee*1 ! hickory--all ( :i* we see spr++ directly f primordial g]ms to-day--?an x did to produce ! l[e/ vegetal organism1 f an invisible1 inde/ructible vital unit1 or ,d>w9ian gemmule1 ?\s&s ( ye>s ago4 ,he :o is ! same ye/]day1 to-day1 & =ev]1 & 9 ^: sight a ?\s& ye>s are b z ye/]day1 kn[s no su* law ( v>iability z our mat]iali/ic fri5ds h be5 sp9n+ = u 9 _! unv]ifi$ !ories ( evolution1 natural selection1 selection ( ! fitte/1 rejection ( ! unfit--=ce-correlations1 molecul> ma*9]y1 transmutation ( physical =ces1 diff]5tiation1 dynamical aggregates1 molcules organiques1 pot5tiat$ sky-mi/1 undiff]5tiat$ life-/uff1 & o!r hylo!i/ic & purely hypo!tical =mul1 ) :i* ! av]age m9d has be5 well-nigh craz$ = ! la/ fifte5 or tw5ty ye>s4 ,believ+ t ! "t has come to call = a halt 9 sci5tific speculations1 & a return to ! ph5om5al facts ( nature z ! true & only basis on :i* to =mulate ! immutable laws ( life1 matt]1 motion1 etc41 ! writ] submits ?is volume ) tru/ful confid5ce to ! public4 #a ,r4 ,w4 ,wright4 ,we/ ,*e%ire1 ,conn4 ,true ,g5esis4 ,*apt] ,i4 ,introductory4 ,x is und5iably true t ! progress ( sci5tific ?\ght & speculative inquiry1 bo? 9 ?is c\ntry & 9 ,europe1 is rapidly t5d+ t[>ds a purely mat]iali/ic view ( ! univ]se1 or "o t utt]ly excludes ! anci5t & long-pr$om9at+ metaphysical conceptions ( ,life1 to say no?+ ( ! m regnant & univ]sally prevail+ conception ( a ,god4 ,& x is q z und5iable t ! curr5t ( exp]im5tal rese>* & inve/igation is sett+1 ) equal rapidity1 9 ! same direction4 ,accord+ to ! views ( _m ( our m advanc$ *emi/s1 physiologi/s1 & o!r sci5tific & speculative writ]s & ?9k]s--^? ^: exp]im5tal inve/igations h1 x is claim$1 rea*$ ! ultimate implications ( all mat]ial sub/ance--!re are b two immutable1 inde/ructible1 & ?or\ghly p]si/5t elem5ts 9 ! univ]se--,matt] & ,motion4 ,ev]y?+ else1 !y confid5tly ass]t1 is ei!r purely ph5om5al1 or else ess5tially mutable1 ephem]al1 transitory4 ,=ce1 accord+ to _! !ory1 is only ano!r "n = motion or its correlates1 &1 h5ce1 ! two t]ms are int]*angeably us$ by !m 9 pr$icat+ _! ultimate conclusions respect+ matt]4 ,light1 heat1 electricity1 magnetism1 *emical aff9ity1 molecul> =ce1 & ev5 life itself1 are only s _m manife/ations or expressions1 !y claim1 ( "o & ! same =ce 9 ! univ]se--,motion1 ,) ! exception ( matt]1 x is ! only self-p]si/5t1 p]man5tly endur+1 ev] active & reactive ag5cy4 ,light1 !y say1 is dep5d5t1 heat conditional1 electricity & magnetism m or less ph5om5al1 *emical aff9ity & molecul> =ce m]e modes or correlat$ =ms ( motion1 & all-p]vad+ life itself a m]e po/ulate ( ! s*ools1 or at be/ only ! result ( ! dynamic =ce ( molecules4 ,deem n ?is collocation simply a burlesque on ,sci5tific categories4 ,pr(essor ,ba/ian1 9 8 great "w on ! ,beg9n+s ( ,life1 has unhesitat+ly said3 ,! 'vitali/s' mu/ give up _! la/ /ronghold--we _c ev5 grant !m a "r to assume ! exi/5ce ( a special 'vital =ce' ^: peculi> (fice x is to effect ! trans=mation ( physical =ces4 ,! notion t su* a =ce does exi/1 is bas$ on no evid5ce2 x is a m]e po/ulate4 ,! assumption ( its exi/5ce c>ries ) x no?+ b confusion & contradiction1 because ! v supposition t x exi/s1 & does s act1 is totally av]se to ! g5]al doctr9e ( ! correlation ( =ces4 ,& ?is defiant *all5g] ( ! vitali/s1 :o ?us half-sne]+ly speaks ( ^? :o believe t ! vital =ces ( ! univ]se are among ! highe/ pot5tial factors express$ !re91 is "o :o1 = ! la/ decade & a half1 has mo/ly liv$ 9 ! ephem]omorphic _w1 & :o1 9 div+ into ! beg9n+s ( life1 has s f> lo/ 8 way t ! all-glori\s end ( x is z mu* an inexplicable my/]y to him n[1 z :5 he 0 m successfully exp\nd+ pa?ological anatomy & ru?lessly hack+ away at anatomical subjects ov] ! dissect+-slab ( ! ,london ,univ]sity ,college4 ,_h he sp5t less "t ov] ?is dissect+-slab1 & m 9 /udy+ ! m>vell\s manife/ations ( life 9 its outspok5 beauty ( leaf1 bud1 fl[]1 fruit--?+s ( n m]e guess & fancy--he w\ld und\bt$ly h _h a high] appreciation ( :at is mo/ vital 9 nature1 & less ( :at is simply mat]ial 9 a non-functional s5se4 ,) ,mr4 ,h]b]t ,sp5c]1 he gratuit\sly sne]s at ! old specific-creation hypo!sis1 or ! div9e fiat 9 ! beg9n+2 b )\t t fiat1 :]e w\ld he f9d 8 ephem]omorphs8 or ev5 ! dead tissues us$ 9 8 organic infusions = ! va9e/ ( all human endeavors--t ( produc+ life1 or seek+ to produce x1 de novo8 ,he is s immeasurably disgu/$ ) ! vitali/s t he h>dly all[s himself to speak ( life or ev5 use ! t]m vital z appli$ to its simple/ manife/ations1 )\t quotationiz+ !m z t]ms to provoke bo? incr$ulity & d]ision4 ,! _w may1 h[ev]1 ov]look mu* ( ?is 9 him1 9 view ( 8 pa/ pr(essional pursuits1 z well z 9 consid]ation ( 8 em95t s]vices z a speciali/ 9 sci5ce4 ,! dissect+-room ( a univ]sity is n ! mo/ desirable place 9 ! _w = pr(\ndly /udy+ ! vital =ces ( nature4 ,x is too grim & gha/ly a repository ( dead m5's skulls1 & holes :]e eyes did once inhabit1 9 :i* to reg>d life's en*ant+ cup z "o sp>kl+ to ! brim4 ,deta*+ a muscle "h1 & lay+ b>e ano!r !re2 tak+ out a sightless eye 9 "o subject1 & putt+ ! dissect+-knife deep into ! pulseless he>t ( ano!r2 cutt+ ! fragm5ts ( a human body into %r$s & tatt]s ov] "o dissect+-slab1 & load+ d[n ano!r ) spl9t]$ bones & mangl$ h&s & limbs1 is n exactly ! sort ( occupation to enk9dle ! highe/ en?usiasm = life1 9 any ( its m manifold phases 9 nature4 ,too _m lifeless notions get cramm$ into ! head--to say no?+ ( baffl$ endeavor 9 ! pursuit--to admit ( ! m conclusive & satisfactory inductions respect+ liv+ organisms4 ,b :y %\ld an assumption ( ! exi/5ce ( life c>ry ) x any great] confusion & contradiction1 ?an a l assumption respect+ ei!r matt] or motion8 ,simply because ! mat]iali/s insi/1 9 _! logical inductions1 ^u s di/ribut+ ! t]ms ( _! syllogism t only a negative conclusion %all foll[4 ,matt] & motion1 !y say1 are alone inde/ructible4 ,life is nei!r matt] nor motion1 ,!re=e3 ,life is n inde/ructible4 ,?is syllogism is manife/ly unansw]able1 if !re be no fallacy 9 ! di/ribution ( its major & m9or t]ms4 ,b :]e9 lies ! incompatibility ( rev]s+ ! ord] ( its t]ms1 s z to prove t nei!r matt] nor motion is inde/ructible8 ,& w\ld su* a judgm5t1 ?us d]iv$1 be any m spuri\s1 ! process ( reason+ any m illicit1 or ! conclusion any less unansw]able8 ,we might z well say t nei!r matt] nor motion is an absolute entity 9 ! univ]se1 )\t "s appreh5sive intellig5ce1 or rational intuition !re91 to embrace !m z di/9ct concepts or objects ( ?\ght2 nor c ei!r h ! lea/ conceivable attribute )\t "s co-exi/+ intellig5ce to ascribe x4 ,= to ascribe an attribute1 is to conceive or ?9k ( su* attribute4 ,& z our g5]al conceptions are conc$$ to be realities1 ev5 by ! mat]iali/s !mselves1 x necess>ily foll[s t ?is consci\s ego--?is ?+ t conceives1 ?9ks1 ascribes attributes--is ei!r co-exi/5t ) matt]1 or else ant$ates x 9 ! ord] ( exi/5ce4 ,& "h--at ?is id5tical po9t 9 ! argum5t--we are irresi/ibly =c$ back1 9 our inductive processes1 to ! !ological conception ( a ,god--! "o supreme ,ego ( ! univ]se--f :om alone all our intuitions ( consci\sness1 z well z appreh5sive intellig5ce1 is d]iv$4 ,we c no m get rid ( ^! inductive processes ?an we c *ange ! ord] ( nature or rev]se ! inevitable laws ( ?\ght4 ,h5ce1 we are con/antly driv5 to =mulate ! foll[+1 or "s equival5t inductions3-- #a4 ,cause mu/ exi/ be=e effect4 #b4 ,)\t "s vital pr9ciple1 !re=e1 prexi/+ z a cause1 !re c be no life-manife/ation4 #c4 ,b !re c be no life-manife/ation )\t organic /ructure4 #d4 ,! rev]se ( ?is proposition is also true4 #e4 ,:i*1 !re=e1 prec$es ! o!r z a cause1 & :i* foll[s z an effect8 #f4 ,no?+ c organize itself4 ,to d s1 x mu/ conta9 )9 itself bo? ! op]at+ cause & ! result+ effect1 :i* is at once an incongru5t & conflictive judgm5t4 #g4 ,b ! ?+ t organizes mu/ exi/ be=e ! ?+ organiz$1 :e!r x be a vital pr9ciple or an intellig5t ag5cy4 #h4 ,h5ce ,life1 ei!r z a prexi/+ cause or vital ag5cy1 mu/ prec$e bo? animal & vegetal organism4 ,aga93-- #i4 ,cause is t :i* op]ates to produce an effect1 z effect is t :i* is produc$ by an op]at+ cause4 #aj4 ,b :atev] op]ates to produce a life-manife/ation mu/ prec$e x z an op]at+ cause4 #aa4 ,life1 !re=e1 :e!r z a bl9d or intellig5t =ce or ag5cy1 mu/ prec$e its own manife/ation2 t is1 mu/ exi/ z an op]at+ cause be=e !re is any produc$ effect4 #ab4 ,& ?is is true bo? z reg>ds physical & moral effects4 #ac4 ,our intuitions1 z ! f9al arbit]s ( judgm5t1 dem& ?is or "s equival5t ord] z ! only "o embrac$ 9 a logical praxis4 ,& s9ce !re c be no s\nd )\t an e> to appreciate x1 s !re be c no matt] )\t an exi/+ ego1 9 "s /ate ( consci\sness 9 ! univ]se1 to appreh5d x--to ascribe to x attributes4#b ,on :at1 !re=e1 are we to pr$icate ! exi/5ce ( ei!r matt] or motion1 except x be ^! intuitions ( consci\sness ^: validity1 s f> z we h any k :atev] on ! subject1 re/s exclusively on t brea? ( life1 :i* 0 brea!d into man :5 he became a liv+ s\l8 ,b if our intuitions are n realities1 !n no?+ is a reality4 ,all is z unsub/antial1 z vague & %ad[y1 z ,col]idge's image ( a rock1 or ,bi%op ,b]keley's gho/ ( a dep>t$ quantity1 z he once def9$ a fluxion4 ,we may1 !re=e1 retort ^u ,pr(essor ,ba/ian3--,! mat]iali/s1 mu/ give up _! la/ /ronghold--we _c ev5 grant !m a "r to assume ! exi/5ce ( ei!r matt] or motion1 s9ce bo? manife/ly dep5d1 = _! slighte/ manife/ation1 ^u ! m pot5t ag5cy ( vital =ce1 z express$ 9 ?\ght1 volition1 & consci\sness--t triumvirate ( ! intellectual faculties )\t :i* nei!r matt] nor motion c\ld h s mu* z a hypo!tical exi/5ce4 ,! great tr\ble ) ,pr(essor ,ba/ian1 z ) ,mr4 ,h]b]t ,sp5c]1 is t he advances a purely mat]iali/ic hypo!sis1 & !n goes to "w1 ) 8 quantitative & conditional re/rictions1 to elim9ate all vital =ce f ! univ]se4 ,z he has be5 no m successful 9 f9d+ ,god--! ,inf9ite s\rce ( all life--at ! po9t ( 8 dissect+-knife1 ?an has ! speculative *emi/ at ! bottom ( 8 crucible1 or ,mr4 ,sp5c] at ! top ( 8 ladd] ( syn!sis1 he resolutely grapples ) logic1 z a la/ resort1 & z remorselessly syllogizes ,god out ( ! univ]se z he w\ld a my?ological demon infect+ ! atmosph]e ( 8 dissect+-room4 ,9 ! same way1 he successfully syllogizes all life out ( exi/5ce3 al?\gh1 9 ! v act ( con/ruct+ 8 syllogism1 he demon/rates its exi/5ce z conclusively z t matt] & motion are objective realities 9 ! _w ( m9d & matt] :i* is ab\t him4 ,he fails to see1 h[ev]1 t ! ?+ :i* demon/rates mu/ necess>ily prec$e ! ?+ demon/rat$1 z life mu/ necess>ily prec$e its manife/ation4 ,9 admitt+ ! exi/5ce ( vital manife/ation1 !re=e1 he virtually admits an antec$5t vital pr9ciple1 ly+ back ( an effect z a cause1 :i* mu/ exclude any?+ l a contradictory judgm5t1 s long z ! laws ( ! human m9d1 9 respect to logical antec$5ts & consequ5ts1 rema9 z !y are4 ,:atev] may be ! alleg$ inaccuracies ( ! ,bible ,g5esis or ! disputes h]et(ore indulg$ 9 respect+ ! ,hagiographa1 or sacr$ writ+s ( ! ,jews1 x w h>dly be d5i$ by ! ,biblical s*ol> t "s ( ! mo/ important discov]ies 9 mod]n sci5ce1 especially 9 ! direction ( a/ronomy1 z well z 9 geological rese>* & inquiry1 confirm r ?an ?r[ d\bt ^u _! m explicit utt]ances4 ,?is has be5 s m>k$ a feature 9 ! controv]sy1 t :5ev] sci5tific speculation has ?r[n d[n any fre% gage ( battle1 z aga9/ ! validity ( ^! sacr$ writ+s1 ! advocates ( ! latt] h only _h to take x up to dispel ! mi/s ( controv]sy & a*ieve a m conclusive triumph ?an ev]4 ,= ! tru? ( ?is /atem5t x is only necess>y = u to in/ance a few ( ! m important facts conta9$ 9 ! ,bible ,g5esis4 ,& %\ld x be f\nd t ! writ] ( ?is volume has discov]$1 9 a long ov]look$1 mu* neglect$1 & inaccurately translat$ passage ( ?is ,g5esis1 a key t unlocks ! :ole my/]y ( life1 z ! great battle is n[ wag+ betwe5 ! mat]iali/s & vitali/s ( ?is c\ntry & ,europe1 x w mo/ conclusively e/abli% ! po9t we %all "h make--t 9 no equally limit$ compass1 9 anci5t or mod]n manuscript or publi%$ volume1 s9ce ! fir/ dawn ( lett]s to ! pres5t "t1 are !re to be f\nd s _m conclusively e/abli%$ facts ( g5u9e sci5tific value z 9 ! fir/ *apt] ( ,g5esis4 ,9 dispell+ ! mi/s ( prejudice1 & possibly ( d\btful translation1 let u look ?is g5esis squ>ely 9 ! face3-- #a4 ,take ! /atem5t t 9 ! beg9n+ ! e>? 0 )\t =m & void1 & d>kness re/$ ^u ! face ( ! dep?s4 ,"h is n only no conflict ) sci5ce1 b ! great sugge/ive fact :i* l$ ,laplace to con/ruct 8 ,nebul> ,hypo!sis1 or t magnific5t sy/em ( _w-/ructures :i* reg>ds ! univ]se z orig9ally consi/+ ( uni=mly diffus$ matt] fill+ all space1 & h5ce )\t =m & void1 b :i* subsequ5tly became aggregat$ by gravitation into an inf9ite numb] ( sun-sy/ems1 occupy+ inconceivably va/ areas 9 space4 #b4 ,nor c sci5ce well af=d to cavil at t o!r mo/ important sugge/ive /atem5t t ! _s ( ,god--! great =mative =ce ( ! univ]se--mov$ ^u ! face ( ! dep?s1 aft] :i* ! ev5+ & ! morn+ 7 ! fir/ day1 t is1 ! fir/ di/9ctive epo* 9 ! ord] ( creation4 ,:5 mat]iali/ic sci5ce %all def9e gravitation--! suppos$ aggregat+ =ce ( inf9itely diffus$ matt] 9 space--s z to make x a di/9ct & sep>ate factor 9 ! univ]se f ! _s ( ,god1--t _s :i* 0 brea!d into man :5 he became a liv+ s\l1 & :i*1 we are told1 upholds ! ord] ( ! heav5s1 !n its devotees may sne] at ! ,bible ,g5esis1 & ! logical d$uctions to be drawn !refrom4 #c4 ,aga91 sci5ce c h no conflict ) ! ,bible ,g5esis1 except 9 ! mo/ hyp]critical way1 9 ! affirmative /atem5t t ,god set two great lights 9 ! firmam5t1 ! "o to rule ! day & ! o!r to rule ! night2 & t he made ! />s also4 ,= x is n[h]e /at$ t ! great] light 0 n made to p]=m a simil> (fice = ea* ( ! o!r planets ( our sy/em1 or t x 0 n set 9 ! firmam5t to adorn ! skies ( o!r & f>-di/ant worlds1 z bright ,arcturus1 faire/ ( ! />s1 adorns our own4 #d4 ,nor c mat]iali/ic sci5ce dispute ! m explicitly reveal$ fact1 t ! ord] ( creation1 s f> at lea/ z animal & vegetable life are conc]n$1 is precisely t to be f\nd 9 geological di/ribution1 or z un]r+ly record$ 9 ! li?ographic pages ( nature4 ,& yet no?+ 0 kn[n ( ^! pages--n a leaf _h be5 turn$ back--at ! "t ! ,bible ,g5esis 0 writt54 ,s t1 :oev] 0 its au?or1 ?is precise ord] ( di/ribution c\ld only h be5 guess$ at1 sett+ aside its inspirational claims1 by ! writ] ( ?is mo/ rem>kable g5esis4 #e4 ,& aga91 sci5ce c h no successful conflict--c]ta9ly none 9 :i* %e w ultimately come (f victor--9 ref]5ce to ! equally explicit /atem5t t e liv+ ?+1 & e liv+ creature1 ei!r yields se$1 be>s fruit1 or br+s =? issue1 aft] 8 k9d1 & di/9ctively none o!r4 ,= ?is w\ld seem to be ! "o inflexible law gov]n+ all liv+ organisms1 f :i* !re c be no div]g5ce 9 any su* s5se z ! sci5tific g5esis1 pret5ti\sly s call$1 w\ld au?oritatively indicate4 ,no increase 9 v>iety1 :i* ,mr4 ,sp5c] reg>ds z ! ess5tial *>act]i/ic ( all progress1 w ev] enable u to ga!r grapes f ?orns or figs f ?i/les4 #f4 ,nor w mat]iali/ic sci5ce ev] succe$ 9 ov]?r[+ ! ,bible !ory h]e9 advanc$1 t ! g]ms ( all liv+ ?+s1 man only except$1 are 9 !mselves 7t is1 ea* aft] its k9d7 ^u ! e>?1 & t !y sev]ally make _! appe>ance :5ev] ! necess>y environ+ conditions occur4 ,?is mo/ rem>kable /atem5t ( ! ,bible g5esis w be f\nd to fit into all ! vital ph5om5a occurr+ ^u our globe1 expla9+ ! appe>ance ( infusoria1 all mycological & cryptogamic =ms1 z well z all vegetal & animal organisms4 ,all ^! come f ! e>? :]e9 !re is life1 & h5ce ! div9e comm& = ! e>? to br+ =? e liv+ ?+ 7except man7 aft] 8 k9d4 ,b let u embrace1 9 ! prop] anti!tical summ>y ( /atem5ts1 "s ( ! m di/9ctive po9ts ( antagonism betwe5 ! ,bible g5esis & t ( mat]iali/ic sci5ce3-- ,,! ,,bible ,,g5esis4 #a4 ,! ,bible ,g5esis pres5ts ! !ological conception ( a ,god1 or an ,inf9ite ,intellig5ce 9 ! univ]se1 ) :om1 z p]sonifi$1 !re is no v>iabl5ess1 nei!r %ad[ ( turn+4 #b4 ,! ,bible ,g5esis repres5ts e liv+ ?+ z p]fect ( its k9d1 :i* ! e>? 0 comm&$ to br+ =? f se$ or g]ms1 decl>$ to be 9 !mselves ^u ! e>?4 #c4 ,! ,bible ,g5esis repres5ts ,god z caus+ to gr[1 out ( ! gr\nd1 e tree t is pleasant to ! sight & good = food1 also e plant ( ! field be=e x 0 9 ! e>?1 & e h]b ( ! field be=e x grew4 #d4 ,! ,bible ,g5esis repres5ts ,god z caus+ ! wat]s ( ! e>? to br+ =? abundantly great :ales & e liv+ creature t move? !re91 & e w+$ f[l t flie? above ! e>? 9 ! op5 firmam5t ( heav54 #e4 ,! ,bible ,g5esis repres5ts ,god z caus+ ! e>? to br+ =? e liv+ creature aft] 8 k9d1 enum]at+ !m 9 ! ord] 9 :i* !y appe> 9 geological di/ribution4 #f4 ,! ,bible ,g5esis repres5ts ,god z mak+ man 9 8 own image1 aft] he _h comm&$ ! wat]s & ! e>? to br+ =? abundantly ( e o!r liv+ creature4 #g4 ,! ,bible ,g5esis repres5ts ,god z brea?+ into man ! brea? ( life1 & he became a liv+ s\l1 #h4 ,! ,bible ,g5esis repres5ts ,god z creat+ ! e>? = ! abode ( man--giv+ him dom9ion ov] ! fi% ( ! sea1 ! f[l ( ! air1 ! bea/s ( ! e>?1 & ( e liv+ ?+ t creepe? ^u ! face ( ! e>?4 #i4 ,! ,bible g5esis repres5ts ,god z ex]cis+ a moral gov]nm5t ov] man1 to ! exclusion ( e o!r liv+ creature4 #aj4 ,9 f9e1 ! ,bible ,g5esis repres5ts man z only a little l[] ?an ! angels4 ,,! ,,sci5tific ,,g5esis4 #a4 ,! ,sci5tific g5esis virtually elim9ates ! idea ( a ,god f ! univ]se1 by assign+ to natural causes all ! div]sifi$ & myriad-=m$ phases & *anges t h tak5 place !re91 ext5d+ ?r\gh an inf9ite duration ( pa/ "t1 & con/antly confront$ by an inf9ite duration ( "t to come4 #b4 ,! ,sci5tific ,g5esis repres5ts e liv+ ?+ z m or less imp]fect ( its k9d1 b advanc+ t[>ds p]fection by "s und]ly+ law ( v>iability or selection ( ! fitte/1 or by gradual developm5t f l[] into high] organisms4 #c4 ,! ,sci5tific ,g5esis emphatically repudiates ! idea ( any div9e ag5cy 9 ! gr[? ( plants & trees1 & insi/s t life1 9 all its manifold phases1 is only an undiscov]$ correlative ( motion1 or1 at be/1 only a sort ( t]tium quid betwe5 matt] & motion4 #d4 ,! ,sci5tific ,g5esis repres5ts all fi%es1 amphibia1 reptiles1 birds1 etc41 z travell+ along _! respective l9es ( developm5tal progress & diff]5tiation1 f po9ts f> back 9 geologic "t1 & con/antly work+ _! way up f cold & flabby creatures into ^? ( high] c]ebral activity1 & bright] & m v>i$ life1 until gigantic w+$ reptiles m\nt$ into ! air & became birds4 #e4 ,! ,sci5tific ,g5esis attributes ! appe>ance ( e liv+ creature ^u ! e>? to a law ( evolution1 by :i* "o ?+ con/antly ov]laps ano!r1 =m+ a sort ( /airway = l[] organisms to climb into high]1 )\t reg>d to k9d1 or ev5 ord]s1 g5]a1 or species4 #f4 ,! ,sci5tific ,g5esis di/9ctly takes issue ) t ( ! ,bible respect+ ! div9e orig9 ( man1 & insi/s t he has be5 climb+ up f protoplasmic matt]1 ?r\gh a ?\s& o!r & l[] organisms1 until he f9ally leap$ f an an?ropoid ape into man4 #g4 ,! ,sci5tific ,g5esis emphatically repudiates ! idea ( a s\l z ?us d]iv$1 & ev5 insi/s t consci5ce1 ! highe/ kn[n moral factor 9 ! univ]se1 is only a modifi$ expression ( ! social in/9cts ( ! l[] animals--! diff]5ce be+ 9 degree only1 n 9 k9d4 #h4 ,! ,sci5tific ,g5esis promptly takes issue ) ?is creative plan & purpose--insi/+1 9 ! dazzl+ speculations & fancies ( its adh]5ts1 t well kn[n physical & physiological laws h work$ out all ^! ph5om5al aspects & *anges1 & t ^! laws are :olly indiff]5t z to :e!r man %all h dom9ion ov] ! %>k & ! tig]1 or !y dom9ion ov] him4 #i4 ,! ,sci5tific ,g5esis illogically insi/s t natural laws1--^? express+ no sov]eign w1 & hav+ no seat 9 ! bosom ( ,god--are fully adequate = ! gov]nm5t ( man1 he ex]cis+ to t end all ! high] p[]s ) :i*1 by evolutional *anges1 he has become end[$4 #aj4 ,:ile ! ,sci5tific ,g5esis repres5ts him z only a little high] ?an ! apes6 ,& yet no sci5tific au?ority has ev] be5 claim$ = ^! sacr$ ,hebrew writ+s4 ,!y 7 simply design$ z a rule ( human fai? & conduct1 o/5sibly hav+ ! div9e sanction1 & conta9+ hi/orical1 devotional1 didactic1 & prophetical writ+s1 to be read ?r\gh1 at lea/ once a ye>1 9 ! ,jewi% synagogues4 ,b ! mo/ important ( ^! anti!tical /atem5ts1 s f> at lea/ z mod]n sci5tific rese>* & inquiry are conc]n$1 is t :i* repres5ts ! g]ms ( all liv+ ?+s--man alone except$--z be+ implant$ 9 ! e>? itself4 ,we take ! def9ition ( ! ,hebrew ^w ,,zra1 translat$ se$ 9 ! #aa? v]se ( ! #a/ *apt] ( ,g5esis1 f ,pr(essor ,edw>d ,leigh1 ( ,magdal5 ,hall1 ,ox=d1 9 8 ,critica ,sacra1 fir/ publi%$ 9 #affb3--,sp>sit1 asp>sit1 cum asp]sione fudit1 diffudit1 etc1 t is1 some?+ s[n1 scatt]$1 univ]sally diffus$1 ev]y:]e implant$1 z a g]m 9 ! e>?4 ,t ! ,hebrew ^w ,,zra4 does n mean1 9 ?is connection1 ! se$ ( a plant or tree1 is manife/ f ! fact t ! fir/ plant or tree1 f :i* se$ c\ld h be5 d]iv$1 _h n yet appe>$ ^u ! e>?4 ,! exact translation is1 ^: primordial g]ms are 9 !mselves 7t is1 ea* aft] its k9d7 ^u ! e>?1 implant$ !re91 z ! div]sa div]sorum viv5tium primordia ( ,dr4 ,william ,h>vey1 7 orig9ally implant$ 9 ! e>?4 ,?is illu/ri\s physician & biologi/1 ! discov]] ( ! circulation ( ! blood1 n only taught ! doctr9e express$ 9 8 phrase omne vivum ex ovo1 b t ( primordial g]ms--liv+ inde/ructible pr9ciples ( life--exi/+ 9 ! e>? itself4 ,= x is evid5t t he uses ! ^w egg1 9 its m g5]al s5se1 z designat+ any mat]ial sub/ance capable ( receiv+ 8 primordium 7fir/ pr9ciple ( life7 & develop+ itself into a liv+ organism4 ,! :ole controv]sy1 z at pres5t conduct$ by ! mat]iali/s & vitali/s1 resolves itself into ?is "o "q3--,:e!r life spr+s f :at ,dr4 ,h>vey calls a primordium1--a pre-exi/+ vital g]m or unit--or :e!r x orig9ates de novo1 z ! mat]iali/s ass]t1 f infusions conta9$ 9 _! exp]im5tal flasks1 or f pla/ide p>ticles conta9$ 9 protoplasmic matt]1 or f ! /ill m d>+ hypo!sis ( molecul> ma*9]y z work$ by molecul> =ce8 ,x is c]ta9 t ! mat]iali/ic !ory is q z inexplicable1 on ! basis ( analogical reason+ & microscopical inve/igation1 z t indicat$ 9 ! ,bible ,g5esis2 :ile ! vitali/ic !ory w\ld seem to be m 9 h>mony ) vital ph5om5a1 & h5ce ! m rational hypo!sis ( ! two4 ,besides1 ! ,bible ,g5esis answ]s to ! logical necessity ( pr$icat+ a det]m9ate cause = ea* & e vital effect1 or ea* liv+ organism app>5tly spr++ f plasmic conditions or m]e /ructureless matt]4 ,:5ev] ! se$s ( plants or trees are actually plant$ or s[n 9 ! e>?1 ?is logical necessity re/s on an induction impregnably laid 9 cause & effect2 :ile ! mat]iali/ic dogma1 nihil ex nihilo1 w\ld necessitate a l induction :]ev] se$ is n s[n4 ,9 ei!r case ! *ange t ensues is manife/ly due to vital prop]ties1 :e!r ! same be inh]+ 9 ! se$1 or 9 necess>y environ+ conditions4 ,& ! vital processes are ! same1 ) ! s+le diff]5ce z to actual environm5t4 ,! g]m 9 ! se$ is capable ( assimilat+1 by well-det]m9$ & ?or\ghly specializ$ processes1 ! nutri5t matt] conta9$ 9 its environm5t1 precisely z ! primordial g]m develops "u its environ+ conditions4 ,f ! mom5t !y /rike _! rootlets into ! gr\nd1 ! processes ( developm5t & gr[? are ! same4 ,! only po9t1 h[ev]1 necess>y to make 9 ?is connection1 is1 t :5 we g back to ! fir/ liv+ organism ( a species--its primordially develop$ =m--we necess>ily rea* environ+ conditions )9 :i* !re is no su* ?+ z a g]m-cell ) an ext]ior environm5t correspond+ to ! te/a ( se$s1 or to any conceivable notion we may h ( se$s !mselves4 ,at ?is po9t--"o n m]ely !oretical1 or speculatively possible only1 b absolutely fix$ & det]m9able 9 our backw>d survey ( ! vital =ces ( nature--we f9d individual p>5tage lo/ 9 a natural matrix1 or 9 ! vital pr9ciple implant$ z a primordium1 9 ! e>? itself4 ,to ?is inevitable induction ( ,dr4 ,h>vey we are all driv5 9 ! end1 by ^? intuitive processes ( reason+ :i* are h>dly less conclusive ?an ma!matical induction itself4 ,we may call ^! primordia viv5tium pla/ide p>ticles1 biopla/s1 vital units1 or :atsoev] we w1--! "n is no?+1 ! work+ process is ev]y?+4 ,sci5tific speculation accompli%es no?+1 !re=e1 by its new t]m9ology1 except x be to conf\nd ! ignorant & a/oni% ! wise4 ,to call ! homog5e\s basis ( an egg bla/ima1 & its g]m9al po9t a bla/id1 is all well en\gh 9 its way2 b x adds no new k1 nor additional weal? ( language1 :]e) to pr$icate vital !ories1 :e!r !y relate to ! prog5y ( a h5-coop or ! lair ( a tig] 9 an ,indian jungle4 ,tea* u to "k :at nature does1 n :at %e is2 & :atev] ( div9e revelation is v\*saf$ u1 :e!r x be f\nd 9 ! maje/ic ,poem ( ! ,dawn1 attribut$ to ! inspir$ p5 ( ,moses1 9 ! myriad-m9d$ ,%akespe>e1 or ! irradiat$ & deeply-prophetic s\l ( a ,%elley1 let u accept x ) ?anks1 if n to ! inspir$ au?ors !mselves1 at lea/ to ! great ,giv] ( life :o imp>t$ _! inspiration4 ,we accept ! !ory ( primordial g]ms1 n simply because x is conta9$ 9 ! ,bible ,g5esis1 nor because x 0 conceiv$ by ! great & gift$ ,h>vey z a possible solution ( ! :ole difficulty1 b because x pres5ts1 z we h be=e said1 a satisfactory explanation ( all ! ph5om5al facts ( life ) :i* we are acqua9t$4 ,if ,mr4 ,h]b]t ,sp5c] w desc5d f 8 /ilt$ !ory ( molecul> ma*9]y work$ by molecul> =ce1 & tell u :at x all means2 &1 at ! same "t1 turn u out a s+le pla/ide p>ticle1 or fungus spore1 by any g5]at+ process ref]able to ! ma*9]y 9 "q1 we w z dev\tly wor%ip ,matt] & ,motion z ev] anci5t ,egyptian did ! god ,osiris4 ,b until he does ?is1 we pref] to accept ! positive assurance ( ,pr(essor ,lionel ,s4 ,beale1 a f> m compet5t au?ority to speak ( hypo!tical molecules1 t none ( ! =ces possess$ by ! molecules ( :i* ! primitive nebulosity ( ! univ]se 0 compos$ ev] produc$ a vital manife/ation1 or succe$$ 9 mak+ life a slave to =ce4 ,we %all consid] ?is "q ( molecul> =ce 9 its prop] place1 & ) ref]5ce to ! diff]5t !ories ( life advanc$ by ! mat]iali/s1 )\t pursu+ x fur!r 9 ?is connection4 ,! evid5ce we %all pres5t 9 ref]5ce to ! alt]nations ( =e/ gr[?s1 & ! impossibility ( acc\nt+ = !m on any !ory ( se$-di/ribution--alt]nations cov]+1 9 _m in/ances1 indep5d5t =e/s spr++ up on a va/ scale--& ! /ill wid] disp]sion ( dome/ic we$s1 grasses1 =age plants1 etc4 9 localities :]e !y 7 nev] kn[n be=e1 w be conclusive1 we ?9k1 ( ! correctness ( our position1 t ! ,bible ,g5esis conta9s ! true key to ! my/]y ( life4 ,be> 9 m9d t ! true !ory ( life1 :5ev] x %all be rea*$ 9 human conception & =mulat$ into def9itely-kn[n processes ( action1 mu/ satisfactorily expla9 all life-manife/ations1 z ,newton's !ory ( gravitation acc\nts = ! movem5ts ( all cele/ial bodies4 ,& ! simpl] ! !ory :5 once =mulat$--! m p]fectly x falls into ! grooves ( def9itely-express$ ?\ght1 & ! m h>moni\sly x adapts itself to all vital manife/ations--! m conclusive mu/ be ! induction on :i* x re/s4#c ,! emphatic /atem5t t ! primordial g]ms ( all liv+ ?+s are 9 ! e>?1 f ! l[e/ infusorial =m to ! highe/ vital organism bel[ specifically-creat$ man1 :5 supplem5t$ by ! sci5tific /atem5t t vital units make _! appe>ance :5ev] environ+ conditions favor1 is conclusively a !ory :i* acc\nts = all ! life-manife/ations h]et(ore occurr+ ^u our globe4 ,& ?is !ory falls at once into ! necess>y categories ( human ?\ght4 ,life1 z g5]ally def9$1 is a /ate ( organiz$ be+ :]e9 !re is functional activity2 :ile a /ate1 or /atus1 is an incid5ce det]m9$ by environ+ conditions4 ,b back ( ea* ( ^!--life & its /atus--!re mu/ lie "s effici5t cause1 produc+1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 ! environ+ conditions1 & !n ! functional activity dep5d5t on organization4 ,to assume t ?is effici5t cause is simply ! effect or result ( organization--"o ( its dep5d5t conditions--is begg+ ! :ole "q1 &1 at ! same "t1 disc>d+ a v important elem5t 9 ! problem--t ( conditional environm5t4 ,:at ?is effici5t cause is1 is a "q t awak5s no responsive inquiry4 ,x /rikes its roots too deeply into ! intuitions ( consci\sness = ! s\l to give back an intelligible reply4 ,c]ta9 x is t nei!r metaphysical speculation1 nor sci5tific inquiry1 w ev] enable u to rea* ! roots ( ?is "q1 or extract f !m ! fir/ quantitive ess5ce ( life itself4 ,we %all also consid]1 9 _! prop] place1 ! v>i\s !ories ( life :i* h be5 advanc$ f "t to "t by ! mat]iali/s1 9 _! av[$ ho/ility to curr5t religi\s beliefs1 & especially ^? f\nd$ on ! sacr$ ,hebrew writ+s1 & ! supplem5t>y tea*+s ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,& to %[ ! ext5t ( ?is ho/ility1 & ! real animus ( ^? wag+ x1 x is only necess>y to ref] to ! great c5tral doctr9e ( ! ,sacr$ ,scriptures1 t ,life--natural1 spiritual1 et]nal--is ! gift ( ,god4 ,& ?is is ! gr& corn]-/one ( all religi\s edifices--^? erect$ by ! ,egyptians1 ! ,assyrians1 ! ,pho5icians1 ! ,greeks1 & ev5 ! inhabitants ( f>!r ,india4 ,mat]iali/ic sci5ce mu/1 !re=e1 deal its fir/ & mo/ effective bl[s at ,life1 ei!r z a !ory to be resolutely assail$ & ov]?r[n1 or else ?or\ghly ignor$ & set aside1 9 ! m impos+ & augu/ temple ( ,sci5ce4 ,h5ce1 ! read] w f9d1 9 none ( ! great encyclop$ias prep>$ "u ! sup]vision ( sci5tific m51 ! slighte/ m5tion :atev] ( ,life z a subject wor?y ( consid]ation at _! h&s4 ,x f9ds1 ( c\rse1 its meagre def9itional place 9 ! diction>ies1 b ! bulky & m exhau/ive encyclop$ias h no room = x1 except z x may be def9$1 "u "s correlate ( motion1 z ! lat5t possibility ( a nebula1 or ( undiff]5tiat$ primeval mi/1 orig9ally p]vad+ ! int]planet>y spaces4 ,we h no disposition to *>ge su* mat]iali/s z ,pr(essors ,tyndall1 ,ba/ian1 ,haeckel1 ,vir*[1 & ,mr4 ,h]b]t ,sp5c]1 ) direct+ _! exp]im5tal batt]ies aga9/ ! ph5om5al facts ( life = ! purpose ( ov]?r[+ ! f\ndations ( religi\s fai? & belief 9 ! _w4 ,!y are all em95t sci5ti/s1 & app>5tly e>ne/ seek]s aft] tru? 9 ! sev]al directions 9 :i* _! respective pa?s ( inve/igation h be5 pursu$4 ,b !y manife/ly array _! op9ions aga9/ ! vitali/s on ! assumption t !re is no sci5tific value :atev] 9 ! _m & s+ul>ly div]sifi$ /atem5ts respect+ life 9 bo? ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5ts4 ,& ?is1 x may be claim$1 is necessitat$ by ! g5]ally accept$ dogma1 t sci5ce & religion are m or less ho/ile1 ! =m] re/+ on ! inexorable logic ( facts only1 & ! latt] entirely on preconceiv$ & prejudicial notions respect+ fai? & belief4 ,to ?is position ( !irs we h no objection to make1 s long z !y subject _! sci5tific /atem5ts to ! "o rigid ordeal ( positively asc]ta9$ facts4 ,b :5 !y set !mselves to sp9n+ _! !ories ( life on ! /r5g? ( nebul> pot5tialities1 & ! possibilities ( undiff]5tiat$ sky mi/1 we mu/ insi/ t !y are inf9itely wid] ( ! m>k ?an ! !ologians :o claim t ! great =mative p[] ( ! univ]se is ,god1 & t 8 _s1 & n gravitation1 upholds ! ord] ( ! heav5s3--c]ta9ly mu* wid] ( ! m>k ?an 0 ,pope1 :5 he wrote ( ! univ]se3-- ,all are b p>ts ( "o /up5d\s :ole1 ,^: body nature is1 & ,god ! s\l4 ,! tru? is1 t religion is q z mu* ! h&maid ( sci5ce z sci5ce c be said to be ! h&maid ( religion4 ,%e brea!s f> m h\sehold laws = h] devotees1 if %e does n veil h] sacr$ fires m mode/ly f ! sight ( m54 ,%e is c]ta9ly less dogmatic1 less dictatorial1 less ab\nd+ 9 positive ass]tion1 ?an :at n[ passes = sci5ce1 9 ! popul> e/imation4 ,p]haps ,mr4 ,h]b]t ,sp5c] repres5ts ! sci5tific side ( a great] numb] ( que/ions agitat+ ! public m9d to-day1 ?an any o!r "o man1 & he is /ill indu/ri\sly engag$ 9 solv+1 or endeavor+ to solve1 a great] numb] ( social problems4 ,& yet ! mo/ en?usia/ic admir] ( ?is g5tleman w be =c$ to admit1 :5 driv5 to ! wall ( actual controv]sy1 t "o-half1 if n two-?irds1 ( 8 m =midable /atem5ts1 put =? 9 ! "n ( sci5ce1 rema9 undemon/rat$ z sci5tific tru?s4 ,we are ?ankful en\gh1 h[ev]1 = ! "o-?ird he has v\*saf$ u to let ! o!r two-?irds pass z ! dogmatic a*ievem5ts ( 8 wond]fully gift$ p54 ,pr(essor ,beale asks ! "q1 :e!r a man :o has ! gift ( sci5ce mu/ ev] be want+ 9 ! gift ( fai?8 ,x is c]ta9 t ?is inquiry %>ply emphasizes ! antagonism at pres5t exi/+ betwe5 mat]iali/ic sci5ce & religi\s fai?4 ,b !re is only "o reason :y ?is antagonism %\ld be cont9u$1 & t is1 ! p]si/5t claim ( sci5ce to sup]ior recognition 9 all cases :]e !re is ! slighte/ app>5t conflict betwe5 ! two4 ,c]ta9ly no man ev] did m to popul>ize ! g5u9e tru?s ( sci5ce 9 ?is c\ntry ?an ,pr(essor ,agassiz1 or work$ m successfully to t end4 ,he 0 will+ to place ! decorative wrea? on ! />ry =ehead ( sci5ce1 b refus$ to pluck f ! s\l ! />ry eyes ( fai? & hope1 t man might be dw>f$ d[n to ! ne>e/ ( k9 to ! an?ropoid ape4 ,:5 we come to ?is assum$ relation%ip 9 g5etic types1 we h n s mu* z laid ! fir/ abutm5t ( ! bridge by :i* ^! reviv]s ( ,lucretian mat]ialism w\ld span ! *asm betwe5 m9d & matt]1 betwe5 ! spiritual & physical side ( man1 betwe5 d>k brute s5se & a s\l z :ite z heav54 ,= go+ back to undiff]5tiat$ primeval mi/1 & foll[+ d[n ! :ole l9e ( vital ph5om5a1 f :atev] subtle molecul> comb9ations _! fir/ manife/ation may h aris51 until we rea* ! highe/ diff]5tiat$ organism bel[ man1 we %all f9d ! *asm betwe5 ! physical & ! psy*ical n a ?\s&? "p spann$4 ,& ev5 if man1 ) ! assi/ance ( all ! malefic5t spirits t walk ! air bo? :5 we wake & sleep1 c\ld span ?is *asm1 x w\ld be only by ano!r bridge ( ,mirza across :i* no d>+ mortal c\ld ev] pass4 ,mr4 ,h]b]t ,sp5c]1 9 8 ,pr9ciples1 ?9ks he has ma/]$ ! necess>y psy*ological1 if n me*anical1 eng9e]+ = ! successful con/ruction ( ?is bridge4 ,9 t bran* ( 8 "w entitl$ ! ,pr9ciples ( ,psy*ology1 he s f> ab&ons ! exact sci5tific me?od z to take up psy*ical ph5om5a1 & deal ) !m g5etically1 z he w\ld ) ! ph5om5al manife/ations ( organic life1 9 ! cont9u\s *a9 ( ideas e :]e pres5t$ z consecutive ?\ghts 9 ! univ]se4 ,he f9ds1 or claims to f9d1 9 ^! psy*ical manife/ations1 a con/ant t5d5cy t[>ds diff]5tiation--t[>ds advanc$ & cont9u\sly advanc+ diff]5ces1 v>ieties1 & new modes ( ?\ght--! same z1 or simil> to1 ^? tak+ place 9 liv+ organisms4 ,he accord+ly assumes1 = ! sci5ce ( m9d1 z complete a f\ndation on :i* to base ! doctr9e ( evolution1 z 9 ! case ( ei!r physical or physiological sci5ce4 ,b he is no less tr\bl$1 9 ?is psy*ological realm1 ) div]g5t v>ieties1 & exceptional v>iations & *anges1 ?an :5 he plants himself on ! m solid sub/ratum ( life 9 ! ab\nd+ realm ( nature4 ,8 psy*ological diff]5tiations pres5t too _m & con/antly-%ift+ div]g5cies & re-div]g5ces--exceptional bran*+s 9 "o direction1 & /ill m exceptional 9 ano!r--to admit ( any suffici5tly pot5tiat$ pot5tiality = bridge timb]4 ,! ar* to su* a bridge w\ld h to abut1 accord+ to ,pr(essor ,tyndall1 on a vital f\ndation at "o end1 & spr+ f undiff]5tiat$ sky-mi/ at ! o!r4 ,! bridge w nev] be built4 ,*apt] ,,ii4 ,life--,its ,true ,g5esis4 ,! pr(\nd ,newton did n attempt to %[ :at ! gravitative =ce ( ! univ]se 04 ,he bore himself m mode/ly1 only endeavor+ to %[ t su* a =ce exi/$1 & t x acc\nt$ = all ! movem5ts ( cele/ial bodies1 ev5 to _! slighte/ p]turbations4 ,he frankly admitt$ 8 inability to det]m9e :at ?is =ce 01 b by obs]vations & calculations made ) ! greate/ c>e1 he asc]ta9$ t its action ^u matt] 0 proportional to its mass directly1 & to ! squ>e ( its di/ance inv]sely2 &1 ) ! requisite data & ! pr9ciples ( pure geometry1 he demon/rat$ t ?is my/]i\s =ce--utt]ly inapproa*able by human conception 9 its my/]y--n only gov]ns & controls ! movem5ts ( all ! mighty masses ( matt] roll+ 9 space1 b transmits its influ5ce--n successively1 b in/antly & )\t dim9ution--to ! smalle/ conceivable molecule on ! outly+ b\nd>ies ( ! univ]se4 ,9 ! same calm & compreh5sive _s1 if x be possible = u to rea* x1 let u look ^u ?is my/]i\s =ce call$ life1 n to %[ t x is simply a correlate ( ?is or t motion 7a ?+ utt]ly impossible ( demon/ration1 if x actually exi/s71 b to asc]ta9 h[ & 9 :at way x acts1 & by :at kn[n law1 if any1 x is gov]n$4 ,9 all ! va/ realm ( ,reality !re is no m conclusive & palpable fact ?an t life exi/s--appe>+ :]ev] ! bright light fla%es1 ! lov+ ra9drop falls1 ! danc+ brook ripples1 ! sp>kl+ /reamlet murmurs1 & ! broad riv] fl[s to m+le ) ! sea4 ,all along ?is bright pa?way ( sunlight & cool transluc5t wave1 ?is wond]ful pr9ciple ( vitality manife/s itself 9 all-glori\s life--fill+ ! air ) balmy odors2 mak+ p]5nial bud1 leaf & fl[]1 spe$+ f sire to son1 f he>t to he>t1 f _s to _s1 f age to age1 f "t into et]nity4#d ,= l all liv+ pr9ciples1 9 ?is realm ( ,reality1 x _c die4 ,x is immortal 9 its primal s\rce1 immortal all along its bright pa?way1 immortal z x fl[s onw>d to et]nity1 immortal 9 its return to ! bosom ( ,god4 ,x is no po/ulate1 no coroll>y1 no m]e hypo!tical judgm5t2 no undiscov]$ correlative ( motion1 no baseless fabric ( a vision--b ! "o gr& compreh5sive ,datum on :i* all ! objective1 z well z subjective1 data ( ! univ]se re/4 ,x is ! same _s t mov$ ^u ! face ( ! dep?s1 9 t maje/ic ,dawn ( ,creation :5 ! ev5+ & ! morn+ 7 ! fir/ day2 ! same _s t upholds ! ord] ( ! heav5s2 t p]vades ! va/ realm ( ,reality1 t fla%es 9 ! bright sunlight1 desc5ds 9 ! lov+ ra9drop1 ripples 9 ! danc+ brook1 sp>kles 9 ! murmur+ /ream1 & =ev] fl[s onw>d be>+ its primal fulness to ! sea4 ,to d5y ! exi/5ce ( ?is vital pr9ciple because we _c bottle x up 9 our airless flasks3 to r$uce x to "s unkn[n correlate ( motion because x con/antly defies our poor m5tal grasp2 to insi/ ^u its artificial production because elem5t>y sub/ances may be *emically h&l$ 9 our laboratories--is ! same sort ( prepo/]\s folly t ,newton w\ld h be5 guilty (1 _h he attempt$ to %[ t !re 0 no su* ?+ z gravity 9 ! univ]se2 t x 0 only "s undiscov]$ correlative ( a !rmal limit1--"s unkn[n molecul> complexity or entanglem5t 9 cosmic e!r--"s spontane\sly occurr+ aff9ity or antagonism ( e!real molecules 9 ! int]planet>y spaces--"s pot5tiat$ pot5tiality ( m]e sky-mi/1--conditions ( :i* he c\ld h _h no exp]im5tal k1 nor h giv5 ! slighte/ analogical pro(4 ,t we are ju/ifi$ 9 ?us p>tially trave/y+ ! te*nical me?ods ( "s ( our mod]n sci5ti/s1 s call$--especially ^? ( ! mat]iali/ic s*ool--^? advocat+ a purely physical !ory ( life1 we ne$ only quote a s5t5ce or two f ,pr(essor ,lionel ,s4 ,beale1 ( ,k+'s ,college1 ,london4 ,?is em95t physiologi/1 9 8 rec5t "w on ,! ,my/]y ( ,life1 says3 ,not)/&+ all t has be5 ass]t$ to ! contr>y1 n "o vital action has yet be5 acc\nt$ = by physics & *emi/ry4 ,! ass]tion t life is correlat$ =ce re/s ^u ass]tion alone1 & we are j z f> f an explanation ( vital ph5om5a by =ce-hypo!ses z we 7 be=e ! discov]y ( ! doctr9e ( ! correlation ( =ces4 ,& he fur!r adds t ea* additional ye>'s labor1 9 ?is special field ( inve/igation1 only confirms him m /rongly ?an ev] 9 ! op9ion t ! physical doctr9e ( life _c be su/a9$4 ,_m able & em95tly le>n$ physiologi/s h be5 dispos$ to recognize ! pres5ce ( pre-exi/+ g]ms 9 ! e>?1 b n to ! ext5t ( acc\nt+ = all life-manife/ations !re91 z ! doctr9e is conclusively taught 9 ! ,bible ,g5esis4 ,! language ( ?is g5esis is too cle> & explicit to be misund]/ood1 9 its prop] r5d]+s4 ,x especially emphasizes ! rem>kable & mo/ extraord9>y /atem5t1 at lea/ = ! p]iod 9 :i* x 0 writt51 t all life comes primordially f ! wat]s & ! e>?4 ,note ! ord] 9 :i* ! comm& to br+ =? 0 issu$3-- #a4 ,let ! e>? br+ =? its vegetation4 #b4 ,let ! wat]s br+ =? ! fi%es1 ! amphibia1 ! reptiles1 ! f[l ( ! air4 #c4 ,let ! e>? br+ =? ! bea/1 ! cattle1 e liv+ creature1 & ev]y?+ t creepe? ^u ! e>?--ea* aft] 8 k9d4 #d4 ,let u make man 9 our own image4 ,& ?is is ! precise ord] 9 :i* ! ,sci5tific g5esis proce$s1 ) all ! li?ographic pages ( nature turn$ back = its inspection4 ,be=e vegetation !re c\ld h be5 no animal life ^u ! globe4 ,?is fact is mo/ conclusively prov$1 n only by geographic & paleontologic records1 b by legitimate induction4 ,f ! highly cry/all9e1 &1 = ! mo/ "p1 non-fossilif]\s era1 f> back 9 ! ,laur5tian p]iod1 d[n1 9 ! ord] ( "t1 to ! mod]n or po/-t]ti>y p]iod1 !re is "o cont9u\s hi/ory ( life-manife/ations1 writt5 ^u ! /ratifi$ rocks1 9 ! ord] ( ! ,bible ,g5esis4 ,0 ?is m]e guess & fancy on ! "p ( ! writ]1 ev5 to ! seem+ly improbable elem5t :]e9 is assign$ ! orig9 ( ! f[l ( ! air8 ,be> 9 m9d t no?+ 0 kn[n ( geological di/ribution at ! "t ?is mo/ rem>kable g5esis 0 writt54 ,_h !re be51 x is c]ta9 t ! c>eful & pa9/ak+ ,hesiod1 :o suff]$ no important fact ( ! ,cosmos to escape him1 w\ld h giv5 u "s h9t ( x 9 8 ,works & ,days2 = ,greece 01 ev5 9 8 e>ly day1 l>gely ! recipi5t ( ,pho5ician le>n+ & lit]ature1 z %e 0 c]ta9ly ,pho5icia's fo/]-*ild 9 lett]s4 ,b ! m conclusive pro(s ( ! correctness ( ! ord] ( creation1 z giv5 9 ! ,bible ,g5esis1 are to be f\nd 9 ! accurate obs]vations ( mod]n geological sci5ce4 ,be=e !re c\ld h appe>$ 9 ! primeval oceans any liv+ organism1 ev5 ! l[e/ primordial =ms ( cru/acea1 !re mu/ h be5 m>9e vegetation--t spr++ f inorganic matt] & lay+ ! f\ndation ( organic life4 ,plants orig9ate 91 & are solely n\ri%$ by1 inorganic sub/ances2 or1 to speak m def9itely1 !y orig9ate f primordial g]ms--! fir/ elem5t>y pr9ciples ( life--:5ev] inorganic conditions favor1 &1 assimilat+ air1 wat]1 & o!r inorganic mat]ials1 conv]t !m into organic sub/ances1 or su* z answ] to ! conditions ( organic life4 ,9 do+ ?is1 !y take up & decompose c>bonic acid1 reta9 ! c>bon1 & give (f oxyg5--a vital process n kn[n to occur 9 ! case ( animal life4 ,t _! primordial g]ms1 or vital units1 are 9 ! e>?1 z ! ,bible ,g5esis decl>es1 is conclusively %[n by ! exp]im5tal processes fir/ successfully ent]$ ^u by ! ,abb ,spallanzani1 ,*>les ,bonnet1 & o!rs1 & m rec5tly r5ew$ & advocat$ by ,m4 ,pa/eur1 & 8 co-labor]s 9 sup]-heat$ flask exp]im5tation1 z well z logically e/abli%$ by inductive me?ods4 ,nihil ex nihilo is conc$$ to be z conclusive an induction z omne vivum ex vivo4 ,t is1 z )\t "s *emical unit--"s prim>y lea/ consid]$ z a :ole--!re c be no *emical action1 s )\t "s vital unit1 9 ! same prim>y s5se1 !re c be no vital manife/ation4 ,! doctr9e ( *emical units is univ]sally conc$$1 & t ( morphological units almo/ z univ]sally claim$4 ,:at great] incongruity is !re1 !n1 9 assum+ ! pres5ce betwe5 ! two ( a physiological or vital unit8 #e ,at all ev5ts1 x is z impossible to demon/rate ! non-exi/5ce ( ! "o unit z ! o!r4 ,& s long z legitimate induction supports ! doctr9e ( ! ,bible ,g5esis1 x is useless to indulge 9 a contr>y assumption :i* is :olly )\t v]ification or pro(4 ,b to return to l& vegetation4 ,?is appe>$ & fl\ri%$ ?r\gh\t ! ,devonian p]iod1 if n ant]ior to x1 & long be=e ! appe>ance ( batra*ian reptiles & o!r l[ air-brea?+ =ms ( life4 ,9 fact1 !re c\ld h be5 no life-brea?+ atmosph]e until ! e>li] l& vegetation _h :ipp$ out its m de/ructive elem5ts1 & pav$ ! way1 9 necess>y conditions1 = ! appe>ance ( air-brea?+ animals4 ,h5ce ! comm& = ! e>? to br+ =? bo? m>9e & l& vegetation--! vegetation ( ! e>?--be=e !re 0 any simil> comm& respect+ ei!r m>9e or l& =ms ( organic life4 ,b by :at logical me?od 0 ?is exact ord] inf]r$ 9 ! ,bible ,g5esis8 ,nei!r ! ,jews1 nor _! e>li] ,hebrew ance/ors1 nor ! ,pho5icians be=e or aft] !m1 7 9 any s5se ( ! ^w metaphysicians2 nor did _! language admit ( ^? nic] di/9ctions & speculative conclusions :i* w\ld h enabl$ any writ] us+ x1 ?\s&s ( ye>s ago1 to draw ! comm&+ induction conta9$ 9 ?is rem>kable g5esis4 ,!re is no?+ 9 ! incomp>able me?ods ( ,m4 ,comte1 or ! metaphysical _s ( ,h]b]t ,sp5c]1 9 8 mo/ d>+ speculations1 :i* gives ! _w a m legitimate & conclusive induction ?an is conta9$ 9 ?is simple /atem5t ( ! ord] ( creation4 ,t x %\ld h be5 a m]e piece ( guess-"w on ! "p ( ,moses1 or any o!r writ] ( 8 "t1--cov]+1 z x does1 s _m p>ticul>ities ( /atem5t1 all accord+ ) ! exact obs]vations ( geologic sci5ce1 & support$ by paleontologic records1--requires q z mu* cr$ulity ( judgm5t z to accept x = div9ely inspir$ tru?4 ,a disciple ( ,m4 ,comte might object to ?is conclusion z susceptible ( two int]pretations1 ! "o a legitimate induction1 & ! o!r n4 ,b ! m9d ( ! pr(\nd] reason] w\ld accept ! int]pretation :i* is support$ by ! high] reason1 & validat$ by ! great] numb] ( conclusively-e/abli%$ facts4 ,9 ! case ( a /rongly intuitive m9d1 x might be possible to guess ! exact ord] ( ?ree or f\r app>5tly disconnect$ ev5ts1 b to arbitr>ily associate ) !m o!r & m di/9ctively subord9ate occurr5ces1 l ! appe>ance or disappe>ance ( :ole gr\ps & classes ( plants & animals1 ! supposition t guess-"w1 & n positive in=mation1 gov]n$ 9 ! =mation ( a judgm5t1 is at once reject$ because ( its utt] incr$ibility4 ,x is n our purpose1 h[ev]1 ei!r to affirm or dis-affirm ! inspirational claims ( ! ,bible ,g5esis4 ,we simply take its language z we f9d x1 /ript ( its ,masoretic r5d]+s & irrational int]pretations1 & unhesitat+ly av] t ! ?ree ,hebrew words1 translat$ 9 our common v]sion--^: se$ is 9 itself ^u ! e>? --conta9s1 :5 prop]ly r5d]$1 ! key t unlocks ! :ole my/]y ( life1 or1 z ,dr4 ,gull emphasizes x1 ! gr& que/io vexata ( ! day4 ,x expressly decl>es t ! primordial g]ms ( all plant-life 7&1 inf]5tially ( all life7 are 9 !mselves 7i4e4 ea* aft] its k9d7 ^u ! e>?1 & we h only to supplem5t ?is physiological /atem5t ) ! necess>y incid5ce ( conditions1 z =mulat$ by ! physici/s1 to expla9 e ph5om5al fact ( life hi!rto occurr+ ^u our globe4 ,take all ! h9ts z to ! spontane\s orig9 ( life to be met ) 9 ,ari/otle2 all ^? subsequ5tly repeat$ by ,lucretius & ,ovid2 all ! exp]im5ts ( ! r5[n$ ,abb ,spallanzani--all ! alleg$ fanta/ic assumptions ( ,m4 ,bonnet--all ! !ories ( pansp]mism1 by :omsoev] advocat$--all ! =tuit\s aggregations ( molecules organiques1 z put =? by ! ,fr5* s*ool ( mat]iali/s--all ! primordia viv5tium ( ! gift$ ,h>vey--all ! molecul> ma*9]y & undiscov]$ correlates ( motion =mulat$ by ,h]b]t ,sp5c] & ,pr(essor ,ba/ian--9 f9e1 all ! m brilliant !ories ( life ev] spun f ! recesses ( ! human bra91--& we %all f9d t !y all fit into ! ?ree simple ,hebrew words to be f\nd 9 ! ,bible ,g5esis1 & all are expla9$ by !m4 ,we say all1 ) "o exception only--t ( man4 ,& h[ inconceivably gr& & maje/ic ?is exception6 ,! cr[n+ "w ( creation 0 ,,man4 ,he came f no muddy ve/ure ( decay2 no m]e life-creat+ fiat spoke him into exi/5ce4 ,he :o 0 to h dom9ion ov] all ! e>?--:o 0 to be creat$ only a little l[] ?an ! angels--9 ! image ( ,god creat$ ,he him4 ,&1 brea?+ into 8 no/rils ! brea? ( life1 he became a liv+ s\l6 ,"h is ! bridge ov] :i* ! evolutioni/ may pass1 if he w1 )\t we>+ ei!r ! dunce's cap or ! ass's e>s4 ,x spans ! *asm betwe5 ! an?ropoid ape & man z no o!r bridge c span x4 ,across ?is bridge is flung ! liv+ g>m5t ( ,god1 & h[ gr&ly1 yet rev]5tly & humbly1 did ! pr(\nd ,newton cross x6 ,oh1 ye defiant iconocla/s ( sublime fai? 9 ! old doctr9es2 ye :o talk s flippantly ( ! pot5tialities ( life 9 a nebula2 :o sit on ! awe-inspir+ ,matt]horn1 at high noon1 & muse 9 sadness ov] ! primordial =mless fog1 teem+ ) all ! mighty possibilities ( myriads ( sun-sy/ems l our own2 &1 mus+1 sne]1 if y c1 at ! idea ( a specific creation 9 ! beg9n+--( an ,inf9ite ,intellig5ce t directs & sup]9t5ds all6 ,because y _c annihilate matt]1 nor conceive ( its annihilation 9 ! inf9itessimal compass ( y\r bra91 is t any reason :y ,inf9ite p[] & intellig5ce may n h spok5 x into exi/5ce at ,8 sov]eign & comm&+ w8 ,if man w\ld presumptu\sly press t[>ds ! ?re%old ( ! ,inf9ite1 let him d x rev]5tly1 & ) humility ( _s1 & n z "o t vaunte? himself ( /r5g?1 or multiplie? words )\t k4 ,b let u exam9e ! ,bible ,g5esis a little fur!r 9 ?is direction4 ,x is said 9 ! second v]se ( ! fir/ *apt] t ! _s ( ,god mov$ ^u ! face ( ! wat]s1 t is1 ^u ! face ( ! abyss--! *aotic mass at creation--! e>? )\t =m & void4 ,:at is "h meant by ! _s ( ,god1 is t life-giv+ brea? or p[] ( ,god :i* op]ates 7cont9u\sly op]ates7 to imp>t life to inanimate nature4#f ,f ! connection 9 :i* x "h /&s x means ?is1 z 9 o!r connections x means ! p[] :i* op]ates 7cont9u\sly op]ates7 to produce :atev] is noble & good 7,god-l7 9 man4 ,!re is no implication 9 ! text t ?is life-giv+ pr9ciple or p[] 0 susp5d$ 9 ! act ( creation4 ,on ! contr>y1 !re is abundant evid5ce 9 nature to %[ t x is j z op]ative n[ z x 0 9 ! beg9n+4 ,"o ( ! def9itions giv5 by ,pr(essor ,gibbs ( ?is _s is1 t :i* op]ates ?r\gh\t inanimate nature1 n t :i* once op]at$1 & !n =ev] ceas$ its op]ations4 ,& ,pr(essor ,gibbs no d\bt meant by nature1 9 ?is connection1 n only all ! physical ph5om5a %e pres5ts1 b ! aggregate or sum total ( all h] ph5om5a1 :e!r active or passive1 animate or inanimate1 embrac+ ! _w ( matt] or ! _w ( m9d4#g ,all are b p>ts ( "o /up5d\s :ole1--n a "p nature1 & a "p n nature4 ,aga91 9 ! elev5? v]se1 x is di/9ctly decl>$ t ! ,,zra4 ! g]m9al pr9ciple ( life1 is 9 ! e>?1 produc+ ea* liv+ ?+1 at lea/ 9 ! vegetable _w1 aft] its k9d1 t is1 aft] its own class1 ord]1 g5]a1 species4 ,h5ce1 ! ?ree di/9ct & sep>ate comm&s giv5 to ! e>?1 or to ! e>? & its wat]s1 to br+ =?4 ,no su* comm& w\ld h be5 giv5 to ! e>?1 _h x n fir/ receiv$ its baptism ( life f ,god--9 o!r words1 d]iv$ ! animat+ pr9ciple ( life f ! s\rce ( all ,life4 ,& h5ce1 also1 ! two sep>ate av]m5ts 9 ! second *apt] ( ,g5esis1 bo? entirely mean+less ap>t f ! con/ruction we "h give x1 t out ( ! gr\nd made ! ,"l ,god to gr[ ! vegetation ( ! e>?1 & out ( ! gr\nd produc$ he 7or caus$ to be produc$7 e bea/ ( ! field1 etc41--all ( :i* has a def9ite & compreh5sive significance 9 ?is "o s5se only1 t ! animat+ pr9ciple ( life is 9 ! e>?1 z ! language ( ?is mo/ rem>kable g5esis implies4 ,& ?is seems to h be5 ! patri/ic idea1 namely1 t law & regul>ity1 n arbitr>y int]v5tion1 nor any specific act ( creation1 7 :at gov]n$ 9 ! case ( bo? vegetal & animal life4 ,/4 ,augu/9e says3 ,9 prima in/itutione natur non qus]itur miraculum1 s$ quid natura r]um habeat4 ,& x is c]ta9 t bo? ,/4 ,?omas ,aqu9as & ,/4 ,basil held ! same view4 ,& !y fur!r held t ! animat+ pr9ciple ( life once implant$ 9 nature1 held good = all "t4 ,b we are n seek+ = e>ly & m$ival au?ority4 ,:at we propose to %[ is1 t nature is /ill implicitly obey+ j su* a law z t impli$ 9 ! comm& giv5 h] to br+ =?1 h[ev] d\btful may be ! au?ority on :i* x re/s1 9 ! op9ion ( our mod]n sci5ti/s4 ,& h[ completely does ?is g5esis ( life take man out ( ! def9itional =mula embrac+ ! bea/s ( ! e>?4 ,f ! l[e/ v]tebrate1 9 ,mr4 ,d>w9's plexus1 to ! highe/ quadrumane 78 ne>e/ alli$ type to man71 cov]+ almo/ an inf9ite v>iety ( di/9ct liv+ =ms1 ! di/ance to be trav]s$1 9 ord] to rea* man1 is h>dly m ?an "o-?ird ! l5g? ( ! /ill unl9k$ & uncomplet$ *a94 ,9 ! av]age capacity ( ! monkey's bra9-*amb]1 to say no?+ ( 8 o!r *>act]i/ic diff]5ces1 ! di/ance is n half trav]s$4 ,z a bea/ ( ! e>?1 he rema9s alli$ to 8 own type1 & no?+ high]4 ,bo? ,d>w9's v]tebral plexus1 & ,h]b]t ,sp5c]'s l9e ( individuation1 mu/ beg9 ) ! lancelet & its disput$ head1 & end 9 ! ,cat>rh9e or ,old ,_w monkey4 ,no a priori induction w ev] ext5d ?is l9e or plexus to man4 ,! developm5tal *a91 if inde$ !re be "o1 has no cong5ital l9k t w ei!r drag man d[n to ! bea/ ( ! e>?1 or lift ! latt] up to ! transc5d5t plane ( humanity4 ,ea* mu/ rema9 specifically 9 8 own type1 :atev] may be _! v]tical t5d5cies1 upw>ds or d[nw>ds4#h ,& ?is ^w type implies a fundam5tal gr\nd-plan--an ar*etype--an orig9al conception ( :at ea* %\ld unconditionally be1 & :at plane ea* %\ld z unconditionally occupy4 ,man's place 9 nature c nev] be *ang$ or modifi$ by mat]iali/ic speculations4 ,:atev] !ories ! mat]iali/s may sp9 into ! unsub/antial w>p & wo( ( _! sci5tific =mul respect+ life1 w nev] /& be=e ! t5aci\s & /ubborn physiological facts :i* almo/ any ?or\ghly-in=m$ & well-read s*ol> ( nature may readily pres5t aga9/ !m4 ,ev5 ! wild ,indian ( our prairies has a m rational conception ( life & its acc\ntabilities1 ?an "s ( ^! le>n$ pr(essors ^: !oretical conclusions we f9d x imp]ative to h&le4 ,) all 8 rude1 r\gh nature1 hang+ l s _m m5tal clogs ab\t him1 ?is unlett]$ savage recognizes ! fact t ! e>? is ! g5etrix omnium viv5tium1 or ! liv+ "m on ^: bosom he %all re/ :5 8 _s has pass$ to ! happy hunt+-fields beyond4 ,unlett]$ z he is1 & unread 9 any g5esis ( life1 he fails n to p]ceive t ! e>? is =ev] teem+ ) ! g]m9al pr9ciples ( life1 & t :5 8 prairie fires h invad$ ! =e/s 9 :i* he _h previ\sly hunt$ ! de]1 o!r & diff]5t =e/ gr[?s are con/antly mak+ _! appe>ance1 )\t any app>5t int]v5tion ( se$s1 b n )\t ! sup]visional c>e & direction ( ! ,great ,_s1--:ile _m ( 8 h>di] prairie grasses h disappe>$1 only to give place to ! m nutriti\s gramma covet$ by 8 favorite game4 ,& "h we may z well anticipate an objection :i* w be rais$ aga9/ ! pres5ce ( ?is animat+ pr9ciple ( life 9 ! e>?1 z to meet & answ] x fur!r on 9 ! argum5t4 ,b z ! objection to :i* we ref] is "o ( ^? dragon's tee? we d n c>e to leave beh9d u1 we w meet x at ! v ?re%old ( ! controv]sy4 ,x w probably be admitt$ t ! vegetation ( ! e>? may appe> 9 ! way & mann] indicat$ 9 ! biblical g5esis1 ! same z infusorial =ms appe> 9 sup]-heat$ & h]metically-seal$ flasks4 ,b h[ ab\t ! prexi/+ g]ms or vital units ( ! ma/odon1 ! mega!rium1 & o!r gigantic mammif]\s quadrup$s ( ! ,eoc5e p]iod8 ,f :at exp]im5tal flasks1 9 ! great laboratory ( nature1 did !y fir/ make _! appe>ance8 ,! objection is a legitimate "o1 & we w answ] x4 ,b fir/1 let u d s f ! mat]iali/'s own /&-po9t4 ,"t1 !y all agree1 is practically inf9ite--pa/ "t1 z well z future2 :ile matt] is susceptible ( an inf9ite numb] ( div]se movem5ts1 *anges1 modifications1 comb9ations1 etc41#i *emically z well z molecul>ly consid]$4 ,?is1 !y claim1 is n a m]e hypo!tical judgm5t1 b a ma!matically demon/rable proposition4 ,grant x = ! sake ( ! argum5t1 & !n see if ! ma/odon does n promptly em]ge f "s "o ( _! exp]im5tal flasks1 z !y *oose to put x4 ,= if ! numb] ( ^! div]se movem5ts1 *anges1 modifications1 etc41 ( matt]1 h be5 inf9ite1 9 its progress f ! l[e/ /atical to ! highe/ dynamical manife/ation1 !n e possible1 z well z conceivable1 =m ( matt]1 mu/ h exi/$ some:]e1 & at "s "t1 9 nature1 ev5 to its highe/ & mo/ pot5tially end[$ plasmic =m 9 :i* !re is life4 ,& if ?is be true1 & ! mat]iali/s w n d5y b r affirm x1 !n ! int]-ut]9e conditions ( matt]1 9 ! case ( all animals 7! ma/odon includ$71 z well z ! int]-cellul> conditions 9 ! case ( all plant-life1 mu/ h exi/$1 ) _! necess>y environm5ts1 some:]e & at "s "t1 9 ! all-hut*$ laboratory ( nature4 ,h5ce1 9 ! inf9ite numb] ( ^! *anges & comb9ations--9 ! c\ntless collocations ( molecules & *emically *ang$ conditions ( matt]1 we h ! possibilities ( all t]re/rial life-manife/ations1 z we h1 9 ! inf9ite numb] ( cosmical *anges1 ! possibilities ( all planet>y1 comet>y1 & a/]oidal manife/ations4 ,= :5ev] ^! vital *anges occur1 ! life-manife/ations dep5d5t !reon1 mu/ z inevitably foll[ z t inf9itely diffus$ matt] %\ld be aggregat$ by gravity1 or by :at ,humboldt calls1 9 8 ,cosmos1 ! _w-arrang+ ,intellig5ce ( ! univ]se4 ,:o %all say1 !n1 t 9 t imm5sely remote & long-protract$ era--! ,eoc5e p]iod--9 :i* ! gigantic elephantoids fir/ made _! appe>ance1 !re did n exi/ some:]e1 9 "s "o ( nature's m cunn+ & prolific recesses1 ! exact plasmic conditions necess>y = ! appe>ance ( ! ma/odon8 ,if !y exi/$ any:]e 7:i* is concessively possible71 ) ! necess>y environm5t 7also concessively possible71 !n ! ma/odon c\ld no m help wall[+ out ( 8 ess5tial plasma ?an ! e>? c help respond+ to its axial motion4 ,all ?+s are fram$ 9 ! prodigality ( nature1 & %e nev] commits an abortion ^u h]self4 ,if bo? ! conditions & necess>y environm5t 7 at any "t pres5t1 z !y mu/ h be5 on ! mat]iali/ic !ory1 ! ma/odon is j z easily acc\nt$ = z ! fir/ fungus1 or ! fir/ fungus-spore4 #aj ,all physici/s1 z well z physiologi/s1 agree t individual species ( bo? plants & animals h disappe>$ f ! e>? = ! want ( ! necess>y conditions "u :i* !y once liv$ & fl\ri%$4 ,:at great] fallacy is !re1 !n1 9 ! assumption t !y orig9ally appe>$ f ! pres5ce ( ^! id5tical conditions1 :atev] !y may h be51 & :5ev] !y may h occurr$8 ,we put ?is "q n simply because ! ,bible ,g5esis ass]ts t out ( ! gr\nd made ! ,"l ,god to gr[ e plant ( ! field be=e x 0 9 ! e>?1 z well z e h]b ( ! field be=e x grew2 nor because x decl>es t _! primordial g]ms are 9 ! e>?2 nor because x speaks ( ! e>? z conta9+ )9 itself ! animat+ pr9ciple ( life4 ,b we put x on ! irrefragable logic ( ! mat]iali/'s own premises & conclusions4 ,!y may use o!r & diff]5t physiological t]ms f :at we %\ld c>e to employ1 b _! correlates ( motion1 _! molecul> =ce1 _! highly diff]5tiat$ life-/uff1 etc41 may possibly mean no?+ m ?an :at we mean by vital units1 vital =ces1 vital conditions1 etc4 ,_! pref]5ce = ! t]ms !y employ1 ov] ess5tial qualities or prop]ties ( matt]1 is entirely due to ! obvi\s invalidity ( _! conclusions1 except z _! physical !ory ( life may help !m out ( an unpleasant dilemma4 ,=ce is a m conv5i5t t]m on :i* to allege ! de novo orig9 ( life--its spontane\s manife/ation 9 _! exp]im5tal flasks--?an any vital pr9ciple prim>ily inh]+ 9 matt]1 & manife/+ itself :5ev] conditions favor4 ,x is to validate _! own reason+ t !y con/ruct _! fallaci\s =ce-premises1 f :i* to draw _! mat]iali/ic inductions4 ,9 o!r words1 !irs is ! fallacy ( non causa pro causa1 or t vici\s process ( reason+ :i* alleges "s o!r ?an ! real cause ( vital manife/ation1 & fa/5s induction :]e none is legitimately inf]able4 ,burda*1 ,buffon1 ,p\*et1 ,ne$ham1 & o!r pr(ess$ vitali/s1 agree t 9 all life-manife/ations !re mu/ be "s prexi/+ vital =ce or pr9ciple1 )\t :i* no liv+ ?+1 :e!r plant or animal1 c come into exi/5ce4#aa ,m4 ,p\*et says3 ,i h always ?\ght t organiz$ be+s 7 animat$ by =ces :i* are 9 no way r$ucible to physical or *emical =ces4 ,! ,abb ,ne$ham is satisfi$ to =mulate a =ce vgetative1 s f> z plant-life is conc]n$2 ,buffon inv>iably falls back on vital =ce or en]gy2 & ,burda* on a =ce pla/ique1 :i* is ess5tially insep>able f nature 9 h] vital manife/ations4 ,accord+ to ! latt]1 ! :ole univ]se is an organisme absolu con/antly end[$ ) life1 & giv+ expression to x 9 all conceivable directions4 ,& all t ^! vitali/s ne$1 to give a full int]pretation to _! facts ( obs]vation1 is to supplem5t _! !ories ) ! ,bible decl>ation t ! animat+ pr9ciple ( life is 9 ! e>?1 f :i* all liv+ ?+s make _! appe>ance1 ea* di/9ctively aft] its own k9d1 :5ev] environ+ conditions favor4 ,= !y sev]ally recognize ^! necess>y conditions z insep>able f all vital manife/ation4 ,an ef=t has be5 made to %[ t ,goe! 0 ! great inspir$ prophet ( ! doctr9e ( ,evolution1 z a ceaselessly progressive trans=mation ( "o ?+ into ano!r1 9 ! metamorphoses ( plants & animals2 & ,haeckel quotes ?is passage f him z entirely conclusive ( ?is po9t3 ,?us mu* we %\ld h ga9$ 7t[>ds solv+ ! problem ( life7 t all ! m p]fect organic be+s1 among :i* we include fi%es1 amphibians1 birds1 mammals 7& at ! head ( ! latt]1 man71 to be =m$ accord+ to an ar*etype1 #ab :i* m]ely fluctuates m or less 9 its ev] p]si/5t p>ts1 & moreov]1 day by day1 completes & trans=ms itself by means ( reproduction4 ,b ?is attempt to give a poetic glorification to ,haeckelism 9 ,goe!'s speculations1 & br+ 8 comm&+ "n into support ( ! evolution !ory ( developm5t1 w prove utt]ly futile 9 ! light ( 8 ar*etype1 & ! p]si/5cy ) :i* he conc$es t nature adh]es to p]fect$ =ms4 ,goe! accepts ! doctr9e ( vis c5tripeta1 beyond ! influ5ce ( :i* no developm5tal progress c be made 9 ! way ( div]sify+ or v>iegat+ ideal types4 ,9 o!r words1 he virtually fixes limits to v>iability1 f ! out]mo/ circumf]5ce ( :i* rev]sion mu/ inevitably take place4 ,8 :ole doctr9e may be summ$ up g5]ally1 if n specially1 9 ^! words3 ,! animal is fa%ion$ by circum/ances to circum/ances1 z ! eagle to ! air & m\nta9 top1 ! mole to ! loose soil 9 :i* x burr[s1 ! seal to ! wat] 9 :i* he frolics1 & ! bat to ! cave1 ! twilight1 & ! night air4 ,we %\ld r say t ! animal is fa%ion$1 aft] ! ,great ,ar*itect's patt]n1 to circum/ances1 & is only v>i$ by circum/ances1 & t )9 ! n>r[e/ limits ( v>iability4 ,= ! mo/ t ,goe! means by 8 ar*etype is an ideal patt]n1 aft] :i*1 or on :i*1 a natural gr\p ( plants or animals has be5 fa%ion$ )9 ! limits ( possible v>iability4 ,b by ^: m9d1 or r )9 ^: m9d1 0 ?is ideal patt]n--?is ess5tial ar*etype--fa%ion$8 ,:5ce ?is ideal type1 ?is natural gr\p1 ?is ,ar*eus p]vad+ all nature & fa%ion+ all organic matt]8 ,n f ! m9d ( ,goe! c]ta9ly1 nor f t ( ,ari/otle or ,lucretius1 b f ! "o supreme m9d ( ! univ]se1 9 :i* ! gr\ps ( all liv+ ?+s 7 orig9ally fa%ion$ 9 ! ar*etypal _w--t _w :i*1 accord+ to ,bol+broke1 conta9s intelligibly all t is conta9$ s5sibly 9 our _w4 ,?is ar*etypal doctr9e ( ,goe!1 c\pl$1 z he c\ples x1 ) ! influ5ces ( environm5t1 or necess>y ext]nal conditions1 ) typical modifications only1 :ile x entirely h>monizes ) ! ,bible g5esis ( types 7ev]y?+ model$ aft] its k9d71 is f> f aid+1 or 9 any way abett+1 ! mat]iali/ic hypo!sis ( ,haeckel1 unless we make nature at once ! creator & modifi] ( h] own ar*etype4 ,& ev5 !n ! v>iability ( species rema9s unacc\nt$ =1 except z we attribute to nature a purpose to modify p]si/5t =ms "u a law t is immutable ev5 9 its v>iability4 ,= ! assumption ( an ar*etype c>ries ) x an ar*etypal plan & purpose1 ) a degree ( intellig5ce1 ei!r 9 or above nature1 capable at once ( conceiv+ ! type & det]m9+ ! limits ( its v>iability4 ,! "q is n1 !re=e1 z _m may seem to ?9k1 :e!r species orig9ate by miracle or by law1 b :e!r laws & causes c exi/ indep5d5tly ( any pr$et]m9+ w or ag5cy 9 ! univ]se4 ,our language1 & t ( all civiliz$ peoples on ! globe1 mu/ be ?or\ghly reca/1 n only 9 its philological & etymological "*1 b 9 its ideologic1 etiologic1 & o!r significations1 be=e we c successfully fall back on an antec$5t cause )\t an effect1 or an effect )\t an antec$5t cause4 ,besides1 ! human m9d w\ld h to und]go z complete a subv]sion ( /ructure z language itself1 be=e any su* attempt at reca/+ x1 on ! basis ( mod]n mat]iali/ic ideas1 c\ld possibly prove successful4 ,& !n1 at lea/ "o-?ird ( our language w\ld h to disappe> 9 ?is iconocla/ic re=m4 ,= in/ance1 take any well-tabulat$ synopsis ( our categories & _! relations1 & !y w\ld ne>ly all h to be reca/ or entirely ab&on$4 ,"t1 space1 matt]1 motion1 intellect1 ab/ract ideas1 volitions1 affections1 etc41 ) _! sev]al correlates or co-relations1 w\ld all h to und]go a ?or\gh reca/+ process4 ,! p]sonal1 int]social1 sympa!tic1 moral1 & religi\s relations & obligations1 w\ld h to be summ>ily set aside = future revision1 if n = sweep+ rejection4 ,all our ideas ( life1 mat]iality1 spirituality1 animality1 vegetability1 s5sibility1 etc41 w\ld h to fall into great] or less desuetude1 ! language disappe>+ ) ! ideas4 ,all ! words express+ our ideas ( a sup]human ag5cy1 ( ,god1 angels1 heav51 revelation1 religi\s doctr9es1 s5tim5ts1 acts ( wor%ip1 piety1 human acc\ntability to div9e in/itutions1 rites1 c]emonies1 etc41--to say no?+ ( malefic5t spirits1 my?ological & o!r fabul\s div9ities1 ent]+ s l>gely into ! _s & ma*9]y ( all our be/ poetry--w\ld utt]ly disappe> f our language4 ,all our *ur*es1 m9/]s1 *apels1 tab]nacles1 ca!drals1 & temples erect$ to ! liv+ ,god1 embrac+ ! f9e/ & mo/ maje/ic ar*itecture ( ! _w1 w\ld h to succumb to ! iconocla/ic zeal ( ^! mat]iali/ic re=m]s4 ,! t5 categories ( ,ari/otle w\ld disappe> 9 ! "o category ( ,haeckel1 or possibly ! two categories ( ,ba/ian--,matt] & ,motion6 ,philologically speak+1 we %\ld all be at sea1 drift+1 l a set ( deaf-mutes1 on a wide & inaudible ocean--all in>ticulate1 tongue-ti$1 voiceless--) only ! scree*+ ( ! sea-mew1 or "s o!r sepul*ral bird ( ! night1 to greet u z 9 wide-m\!d d]ision ( our spee*lessness & folly4 ,b let u see h[ ! inconte/ible facts ( nature1 & ! tru?s ( sci5ce1 fit into ! ?ree simple ,hebrew words ref]r+ to g]ms1 or ! g]m9al pr9ciple ( life1 in/ead ( ! natural se$s ( plants or trees4 ,we h giv5 :at we claim to be ! true r5d]+ ( ^! words4 ,to %[ h[ p]fectly !y h>monize ) all ! ph5om5al manife/ations ( life 9 nature1 we hurri$ly pass to our ?ird *apt]4 ,*apt] ,,iii4 ,alt]nations ( ,=e/ ,gr[?s4 ,no fact has m pr(\ndly puzzl$ ! vegetable physiologi/ ?an ! alt]nations ( =e/ gr[?s :i* are ev]y:]e occurr+ )\t ! app>5t int]position ( natural se$s1 & :i* h be5 consid]$ z :olly inexplicable except z "o unsatisfactory !ory aft] ano!r has be5 sugge/$ to acc\nt = ! wide dissem9ation & di/ribution ( _! se$s4 ,we h _h any numb] ( ^! !ories1 m or less +5i\sly con/ruct$1 b x is safe to say t none ( !m satisfactorily acc\nts = m ?an a v limit$ numb] ( ! ph5om5a pres5t$4 ,x is only )9 a comp>atively rec5t p]iod t ^! alt]nations ( timb] gr[? h attract$ ! att5tion ( sci5tific m52 consequ5tly little m ?an crude sugge/ions & ill-dige/$ facts are at ! comm& ( ! g5]al read] & writ]4 ,& yet ! facts !mselves1 su* z !y are1 w\ld fill a doz5 volumes ( ! size ( ,dr4 ,h\gh's rec5t ,report ^u ,am]ican ,=e/ry4 ,we c only give a few ( ! m important facts we h ga!r$1 & _m ( ^! are s defici5t 9 necess>y detail t _! value is greatly less5$ = sci5tific uses4 ,?is is especially true ( ne>ly all ^? notic$ & collat$ by ,dr4 ,h\gh1 9 8 report to ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,commission] ( ,agriculture1 made 9 #ahgg1 9 :i* ! alt]nations 9 "q are ref]r$ to at l5g?1 b no new sugge/ions pres5t$1 nor any v important new facts giv54 ,if our con/ruction ( ! ,bible g5esis be ! correct "o1 x w1 we ?9k1 be unhesitat+ly admitt$ t all ! facts collect$ & collat$ by ,dr4 ,h\gh1 toge!r ) o!rs m c>efully notic$ by our able/ writ]s on vegetable physiology1 n only h>monize ) ?is anci5t ,hebrew text1 b s completely fit into x1 bo? 9 its implications & explications1 t adv]se criticism w be aw$ into sil5ce r ?an provok$ into any new controv]sy on ! subject4 ,?is rem>kable g5esis decl>es t ! g]ms ( all liv+ ?+s are 9 !mselves ^u ! e>?--^u ! face ( all ! e>?4 ,x is true t ?is decl>ation1 z conta9$ 9 ! #aa? v]se ( ! fir/ *apt] ( ,g5esis1 is textually limit$ to ! vegetation ( ! e>?2 b ! fur!r emphatic /atem5t t ! animat+ pr9ciple ( life is 9 ! e>?1 c\pl$ ) ! m sub/antive fact t ,god comm&$ ! wat]s & ! e>? to br+ =? abundantly ( e liv+ creature1 ) ! s+le exception ( man1 conclusively ext5ds ! language ( ! #aa? v]se to :atev] vegetable & animal life ! e>? 0 specifically direct$ to br+ =?4 ,x is our purpose to consid]1 9 ?is connection1 n only ! v>i\s facts notic$ & !ories sugge/$ by our able/ writ]s & ?9k]s on ! subject ( se$-di/ribution1 b to asc]ta91 z f> z possible1 to :at ext5t _! sev]al facts & !ories h>monize ) natural ph5om5a1 & at ! same "t det]m9e :at disposition %\ld be made ( !m 9 ! light ( ?is new g5esis1 h]e9 = ! fir/ "t disclos$4 ,pr(essor ,george ,p4 ,m>%1 9 8 "w on ,man & ,nature1 9 :i* he treats l>gely ( =e/ry 9 ,europe1 says t :5 a =e/ old en\gh to h witness$ ! my/]ies ( ! ,druids is fell$1 trees ( o!r species spr+ up 9 its place2 & :5 !y1 9 _! turn1 fall be=e ! axe1 sometimes ev5 z soon z !y h spread _! protect+ %ade ov] ! surface1 ! g]ms :i* _! pr$ecessors _h %$1 p]haps c5turies be=e1 spr\t up1 & 9 due "t1 if n *ok$ by o!r trees belong+ to a lat] /age 9 ! ord] ( natural succession1 re/ore aga9 ! orig9al wood4 ,9 ^! cases1 ! se$s ( ! new crop may h be5 br\ght by ! w9d1 by birds1 by quadrup$s1 or by o!r causes2 b1 9 _m in/ances1 ?is explanation is n probable4 ,x is manife/ t ,pr(essor ,m>% uses ! ^w g]ms1 9 ?is connection1 9 ! s5se ( se$s only2 = no se$-be>+ trees %$ any o!r g]ms ?an ! natural se$s !y be>4 ,& :ile he admits t1 9 _m in/ances1 ! g5]ally accept$ !ory conc]n+ ! dissem9ation ( se$s is n a probable "o1 he /ill cl+s to ! explod$ notion t vegetable physiology furni%es a record ( num]\s in/ances :]e se$s h gr[n aft] ly+ dormant = ages 9 ! e>?4 ,he fur!r says1 9 ! same connection1 t _! vitality seems almo/ imp]i%able :ile !y rema9 9 ! situations 9 :i* nature deposits !m2 al?\gh he is reluctant to accept ! acc\nts ( ! gr[? ( se$s :i* _h la9 = ages 9 ! a%y dryness ( ! ,egyptian catacombs1 believ+ t !y %\ld be receiv$ ) great caution1 if n reject$ altoge!r4 ,b :y he %\ld scruple ab\t receiv+ ^! speculative acc\nts ( anci5t ,egyptian c]eals1 :i* are sometimes hawk$ ab\t ! c\ntry = two & ?ree doll>s a se$1 &1 9 ! same brea?1 accept ! absurd] !ory t se$s may lie dormant = ages 9 soils :]e ! h>de/ & mo/ endur+ woods w utt]ly p]i% & disappe> 9 a few brief ye>s1 is :olly inexplicable to u1 except z an hypo!sis to =ce a conclusion1 or to acc\nt = ! o!rwise unacc\ntable alt]nations ( =e/ gr[?s4 ,b ! idea t nature has any cunn+ devices by :i* %e may hide se$s away :]e !y w rema9 almo/ imp]i%able = ages1 is n entirely new ) ,pr(essor ,m>%1 nor is x any sugge/ion t w\ld be protect$ by copyright4 ,9 f9d+ ! w9ds1 birds1 quadrup$s1 & o!r assum$ ag5cies ( di/ribution improbable1 he seeks1 ) ,dr4 ,dwight1 = ! se$s ( an anci5t vegetation1 &1 f9d+ none by actual obs]vation1 concludes t nature has "s occult1 & ?or\ghly surreptiti\s1 me?od ( hid+ !m away1 ev5 9 soils bel[ ! la/ glacial drift1 :]e no microscope c possibly rea* !m4 ,z ! acc\nts ( se$s tak5 f ! mummy-cases ( ,egypt may answ] ! purposes ( ^? seek+ to palm (f "s new c]eal z a n9e-days wond] on ! ignorant1 s ^! speculations ab\t ! inde/ructibility ( se$s1 :5 hidd5 away by nature1 may answ] a l purpose 9 impos+ ^u ! ov]-cr$ul\s2 b !y w h>dly be accept$ by ! intellig5t1 mu* less ! sci5tific1 9 ! light ( all ! facts h]e9 giv54 ,! simple tru? is t all se$s are spe$ily p]i%able by out-door exposure4 ,we h>dly "k a s+le se$ t w survive beyond ! second ye> :5 subject$ to su* exposure4 ,if !y d n g]m9ate ! fir/ ye>1 _! vitality is utt]ly gone ! second ye>1 z hopelessly s z if !y _h be5 ca/ into ! fire & consum$ to a%es4 ,b !re is a l>ge class ( vegetable ph5om5a :i* :olly excludes ! idea ( ?is wond]ful vitality ( se$s4 ,x is well kn[n t soil br\ght up f deep wells & o!r excavations1 (t5 produces plants entirely unlike ! prevail+ local flora4 ,?is soil has be5 br\ght up1 9 _m in/ances1 f b5ea? ! la/ glacial drift1 :]e x mu/ h rema9$ = n less ?an a qu>t] ( a million ye>s at ! l[e/ calculation1 & may h rema9$ = millions ( ye>s1 if n long]2 & yet ! same s+ul> ph5om5on is pres5t$4 ,expos$ to ! sun's rays1 & ! fructify+ influ5ces ( %[]s & dews1 ! soil burgeons =? into an indep5d5t flora1 & su* z are n[h]e to be f\nd 9 ! surr\nd+ locality4 ,! writ]1 9 digg+ a well 9 ,wauke%a1 ,wis41--a place n[ fam\s = ! curative prop]ties ( its wat]s--9 #ahdg1 /ruck soil at a dep? ( ab\t ?irty-five feet--t :i* 0 evid5tly ante-glacial4 ,! place is "s tw5ty miles back f ,milwaukee1 & ! :ole section1 f> into ! int]ior ( ! /ate f ,lake ,mi*igan1 is "o ( drift1 cov]+ ! primeval soil at v>i\s dep?s1 f a few feet up to a hundr$ or m2 & ! imb$d$ soil mu/ h rema9$ 9 its place = untold ages4 ,& yet1 x 0 no soon] br\ght to ! surface ?an x produc$ sev]al small plants t 7 :olly unlike ! prevail+ local flora2 al?\gh1 un=tunately1 !y did n suffici5tly mature to enable u to det]m9e _! g5]a & species4 ,consid]able portions ( ?is soil 7 dri$ & subject$ by u1 & ! late ,dr4 ,john ,a4 ,savage1 !n presid5t ( ,c>roll ,college1 to microscopic exam9ation1 b )\t discov]+ ! slighte/ trace ( any se$1 or any?+ resembl+ se$1 9 ! sev]al portions c>efully exam9$4 ,! soil1 h[ev]1 conta9$1 9 its imb$d$ place1 sev]al l>ge ,norway spruce logs1 9 a m or less p]fect /ate ( pres]vation4 ,b !re 7 no cones1 nor *its to cones1 to be f\nd 9 x1 al?\gh ! mo/ rigid exam9ation 0 made at ! "t to discov] !m4 ,t ! se$s ( ^! delicate little plants %\ld h surviv$ ! wreck ( ?is anci5t ,norwegian =e/1 or ! drift f "o1 & bur/ =? into newness ( life aft] hundr$s ( ?\s&s1 n to say millions ( ye>s1 is decid$ly too l>ge a draft ^u our cr$ulity to be honor$ )\t sight4 ,b we w return to ! alt]nations ( =e/ gr[?s4 ,x is )9 a comp>atively rec5t p]iod t ext5sive areas ( hemlock1 9 ,gre5e & ,ul/] ,c\nties1 ,n4,y41 7 cut (f to supply ! neighbor+ tann]ies ) b>k4 ,^! cle>+s 7 no soon] made ?an oak1 *e/nut1 bir*1 & o!r trees ( decidu\s foliage1 sprang up & entirely usurp$ ! place ( ! hemlock2 = ! reason1 no d\bt1 t ! soil _h become *emically unbalanc$ = ! gr[? ( ! latt]1 :ile its condition 0 entirely favorable = ! developm5t ( ! g]ms 7n ! natural se$7 ( ! =m]4 ,^! *anges 9 timb] gr[?s h be5 widely notic$ 9 all p>ts ( ?is c\ntry1 z well z 9 ,europe1 b ! univ]sal supposition has be5 t !y came f ! natural se$s ( _! respective localities1 ^? ei!r scatt]$ by ! w9ds1 or borne ?i!r by ! birds1 by quadrup$s1 or by "s o!r natural ag5cy4 ,no "o has sugge/$ ! !ory ( primordial g]ms or vital units1 or come any ne>] to x ?an ,dr4 ,dwight did 9 sugge/+ ! se$s ( an anci5t vegetation4 ,! great tru? ( ! ,bible g5esis has be5 :olly ov]look$ by reason ( a faulty translation 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 z tak5 f ! ,masoretic r5d]+s ( ! six? c5tury1 & implicitly foll[$ s9ce4 ,9 #ahde1 a viol5t tornado swept a wide /rip ( =e/ 9 ,nor!rn ,new ,york1 f ! m ?ickly settl$ portions ( ,jeff]son ,c\nty to ,lake ,*ampla94 ,! timb] t succumb$ to ! =ce ( ! tornado1 & gr[+ at v>i\s po9ts along its track1 0 ma9ly bee*1 maple1 bir*1 a%1 hemlock1 spruce1 etc42 b x 0 r>ely replac$1 at any po9t1 by ! same timb]1 9 ! gr[?s t almo/ imm$iately foll[$4 ,! trees t are n[ gr[+ along ! track ( ! tornado are pr9cipally popl>1 *]ry1 bir*1 & a little bee* & ironwood3 no a%1 maple1 spruce1 or hemlock1 except "h & !re1 at consid]able int]vals1 a tree or two :i* may h be5 replac$ by natural se$4 ,! important fact noticeable1 9 ?is connection1 is t ! aggressive timb]--t replac+ ! old--entirely usurp$ ! place ( ! ev]gre5 gr[?s1 supplant+ !m ) ^? t 7 :olly decidu\s4 ,besides1 x does n appe> t ! popl>1 ! *]ry1 & ! ironwood1 :i* 7 altoge!r aggressive1 previ\sly grew ne> en\gh to ! track ( ! tornado to h possibly suppli$ ! se$ necess>y = _! appe>ance & gr[?4 ,! fact 0 specially noticeable at ! "t1 & has be5 widely communicat$ s9ce1 t ! :ite oak timb] cut (f at ,valley ,=ge = fuel & o!r army purposes 9 ! ,am]ican camp1 9 ! w9t] ( #aggg-gh1 0 succe$$ by black oak1 hickory1 *e/nut1 etc4--! :ite oak entirely disappe>+1 al?\gh by f> ! mo/ favorably situat$ = propagation by se$4 ,b ! alt]nations ( =e/ gr[?s _h attract$ too little att5tion at t "t to r5d] ! meagre facts giv5 ( any special value to sci5tific m54 ,if ! usurp+ timb] _h gr[n 9 ! imm$iate neighborhood 7a fact n /at$71 x might h come f natural se$s1 & n f primordial g]ms "u favor+ conditions4 ,9 ! ,ohio ,agricultural ,report ( #ahgb1 an acc\nt is giv5 ( a /orm-track1 9 t /ate1 :i* swept = a consid]able di/ance1 & 0 viol5t en\gh to be> d[n all ! timb] be=e x4 ,x is /at$ t ! pa? ( ?is tornado 7:i* mu/ h occurr$ _m ye>s ago7 _h gr[n up ) black-walnut1 ano!r & diff]5t gr[? f t pro/rat$ by ! =ce ( ! /orm4 ,9 ?is in/ance1 !re 7 no neighbor+ trees1 except p]haps at di/ant int]vals1 f :i* ! nuts ( ! black-walnut c\ld h be5 d]iv$1 unless !y _h be5 promiscu\sly /rewn by ! tornado along its entire track4 ,b x is1 un=tunately1 n /at$ t ! tornado occurr$ at t opportune season ( ! ye> :5 ! nuts 7 prop]ly matur$ = plant+4 ,9 _m p>ts ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! ,s\? & ,we/1 ! pa?s ( local tornadoes--^? sweep+ ! native =e/s long be=e ! axe ( civilization invad$ !m--may /ill be trac$ by ! alt]nations ( timb] gr[?s1 ext5d+ = long di/ances1 & ?r\gh =e/s :]e !re 7 no neighbor+ trees f :i* x 0 possible t _! se$s c\ld h be5 d]iv$4 ,"o ( ^! tornadoes ! writ] trac$ _m ye>s ago 7z e>ly z #ahcg7 9 ,s\? ,alabama1 & he is satisfi$1 bo? f obs]vation & read+1 t ! in/ances are r>e1 if n altoge!r exceptional1 :]e ! clean pa? ( a tornado1 ?r\gh any ( our primitive =e/s1 has be5 succe$$ by ! same gr[? ( timb] z t borne d[n by ! w9ds4 ,:]e ! pa? ( ?is anci5t tornado ( ,alabama swept ?r\gh a p9e =e/1 a clean gr[? ( oak 0 buttress$ on ei!r side by p9e2 & vice v]sa1 :]e x swept an oak =e/4 ,& x is c]ta9 t ! tornado1 :5ev] x may h occurr$1 c\ld h exhibit$ no su* discrim9at+ freak z alt]nately to di/ribute acorns 9 p9e gr[?s1 & p9e cones 9 oak gr[?s1 ei!r to make good a sci5tific !ory or balk an unsci5tific "o4 ,pr(essor ,agassiz1 9 pass+ ?r\gh a d5se "y spruce =e/ "s ye>s ago1 on ! s\? %ore ( ,lake ,sup]ior1 notic$ t ! gr\nd 0 ?ickly /rewn ) fall5 bir* trunks1 %[+ t _! place _h be5 b rec5tly usurp$ by ! spruce2 & he suppos$ t ! bir* _h fir/ succumb$ to ! =ce ( ! w9ds1 & ! spruce promptly tak5 its place1 s9ce1 z a g5]al rule1 an ev]gre5 gr[? succe$s a decidu\s1 & vice v]sa4 ,we h any numb] ( well au!nticat$ facts simil> to ?is /at$ by ,pr(essor ,agassiz1 b we _c give place to !m1 9 ?is connection1 )\t greatly exce$+ our limits4 ,dr4 ,frankl9 ,b4 ,h\gh1 9 8 rec5t ,report ^u ,am]ican ,=e/ry1 to :i* we h already ref]r$1 says3 ,x is n unusual to obs]ve 9 ! swamps ( ! nor!rn /ates1 an alt]nation ( gr[? tak+ place )\t human ag5cy4 ,ext5sive tracts ( tam>ack 7,l>ix ,am]icana7 may be se5 9 nor!rn ,wiscons9 t are dy+ out1 & be+ succe$$ by ! balsam fir 7,abies balsamea71 :i* may be probably caus$ by ! p>tial dra9age ( ! swamps1 f ! decay or removal ( a fall5 tree t _h ob/ruct$ ! outlet4 ,! writ] ( ?is "w resid$ = a p]iod ( t5 ye>s or m 9 ,wiscons91 & dur+ t "t trav]s$ ext5sive portions ( its t]ritory1 bo? be=e & aft] x became a /ate4 ,z e>ly z #ahdd1 ! ext5sive tam>ack swamps ( t region 7 manife/ly dy+ out = ! want ( ! prop] nutriti\s elem5ts 9 ! soil1 & ! balsam fir rapidly tak+ its place1 especially :]e ! accumulations ( soil1 result+ f decay$ vegetation1 7 favorable = its appe>ance4 ,! dra9age ( ! swamps _h n be5 ?\ght ( at t "t1 nor _h ! swamps !mselves be5 dispos$ (1 to any consid]able ext5t1 by ! f$]al gov]nm5t4 ,!y 7 subsequ5tly grant$ to ! /ate = educational purposes1 & aft]w>ds pur*as$ up 9 ! int]e/ ( speculative p>ties4 ,b ! decay ( ! tam>ack _h really comm5c$ long be=e population f\nd its way1 9 any consid]able numb]s1 into t section ( ! c\ntry2 & ! balsam fir _h begun its usurpation1 9 _m ( ! swamps1 long prior to ! adv5t !re ( ! :ite man4 ,nei!r artificial dra9age1 nor accid5tal dra9age1 _h any?+ to d ) ! appe>ance ( ! balsam fir1 or ! disappe>ance ( ! tam>ack4 ,! latt] 0 manife/ly dy+ out = ! want ( ! prop] nutrim5t1 & ! =m] com+ 9 = ! reason t ! soil 0 *emically balanc$ = ! developm5t ( its primordial g]ms--^? ev]y:]e implant$ 9 ! e>?1 to await ! necess>y conditions = _! developm5t & gr[?4 ,! natural se$s ( ?is balsam fir 7 n pres5t 9 ei!r ! fir/1 second1 or ?ird tam>ack swamp 9 :i* ?is alt]nation ( gr[? orig9ally took place4 ,! *ange comm5c$ z soon z conditions favor$1 & n be=e4 ,x is safe to say t1 9 none ( ^! tam>ack swamps1 0 !re a s+le balsam fir cone1 or a s+le *it to a cone1 nor _h !re probably be5 = ?\s&s ( ye>s1 be=e ! "t :5 ! fir/ balsam fir made its appe>ance 9 t section4 ,!y came1 z all primordial =e/s come1 f g]ms1 n f ! se$s ( trees4 ,univ]sally1 ! g]m prec$es ! tree1 z ! tree prec$es ! se$1 9 all vegetal gr[?s1 f ! l[e/ cryptogam to ! lordlie/ conif] ( ! ,pacific slope4 ,o!rwise1 we %\ld be logically driv5 back to an act ( specific creation1 :i* ! mat]iali/ /\tly rejects1 & ! ,bible g5esis n[h]e affirms4 ,mr4 ,george ,b4 ,em]son1 9 8 valuable "w on ! ,trees & ,%rubs ( ,massa*usetts1 sugge/s z a cause 7und\bt$ly ! true "o7 = ! dy+ out ( old =e/s1 ! exhau/ion ( ! nutriti\s elem5ts ( ! soil requir$ = _! vigor\s & successful gr[?4 ,b he is evid5tly at fault 9 8 speculations z to ! alt]nations ( =e/ gr[?s4 ,! ,cretan labyr9? t ev]y:]e confronts him is ! se$-!ory1 :i* is s inextricable to him t he con/antly /umbles1 z "o sci5tifically bl9d1 yet eag] to lead ! bl9d4 ,all ! ph5om5al facts ) :i* he deals admirably fit into ! ,bible g5esis1 b he fails to see x because ! sublime tru? 7) him7 lies lock$ up 9 an unmean+ translation4 ,he is indefatigable1 h[ev]1 9 8 hunt aft] se$s :]e !re are no se$s1 & 9 8 jumps at conclusions :]e !re are manife/ly no data to ju/ify !m4 ,he says3 ,nature po9ts out 9 v>i\s ways1 & ! obs]vation ( practical m5 has almo/ uni=mly confirm$ ! conclusion to :i* ! philosophical botani/ has come f !oretical consid]ations1 t a rotation ( crops is z important 9 ! =e/s z 9 ! cultivat$ fields4 ,& he supplem5ts ?is /atem5t 7measurably a true "o7 by add+ t a p9e =e/ is (t51 )\t ! ag5cy ( man1 succe$$ by an oak =e/1 :]e !re 7 a few oaks previ\sly scatt]$ ?r\gh ! woods to furni% se$4 ,?is is a v cauti\s1 z well z circumspect1 /atem5t2 b "o t ,mr4 ,em]son w\ld n h made1 _h 8 exp]i5ce & obs]vation be5 t ( ,pr(essor ,agassiz1 ,pr(essor ,m>%1 & o!rs we might "n4 ,8 few oaks previ\sly scatt]$ ?r\gh ! woods are no d\bt among ! !oretical consid]ations tak5 into acc\nt by him1 z a philosophical botani/ r ?an a practical "o4 ,!y 7 necess>y = ! extreme caution ) :i* he w\ld /ate a proposition :5 its condition+ facts 7 n fully kn[n by him4 ,8 anxiety to acc\nt = ! appe>ance ( an oak =e/ 9 ! place ( a p9e1 :]e ! latt] _h be5 cut (f1 0 comm5dable en\gh to ju/ify him 9 a pretty broad supposition1 b n 9 any su* g5]al /atem5t z he "h makes4 ,_h he consult$ any ( ! old] inhabitants ( ,we/=d1 ,littleton1 & adjo9+ t[ns1 9 8 own /ate1 he w\ld h f\nd t n a few oak =e/s _h succe$$ ! p9e )\t ! int]v5tion ( scatt]$ oaks1 or ev5 scatt]$ acorns1 9 ! localities nam$4 ,nor w\ld 8 squirrel-!ory ( di/ribution h be5 v confid5tly adh]$ to1 fifty ye>s ago1 9 localties :]e ! %agb>k walnut 0 almo/ z abundant z ! :ite oak itself4 ,no squirrel w ga!r acorns :]e he c possibly get hickory nuts1 & few w ga!r hickory nuts :]e ! l>g] & ?9n]-%ell$ walnuts are to be _h = ! pick+4 ,! squirrel is provid5t1 b no m s ?an he is fa/idi\s 9 ! *oice ( 8 food4 ,he nev] plants acorns except = 8 own gratification1 & is nev] gratifi$ ) indiff]5t food s long z he c comm& t :i* is to 8 lik+4 ,9 fur!r speak+ ( ! exhau/$ elem5ts ( ! soil--^? necess>y = ! food ( trees z well z plants1 & )\t :i* !y inevitably p]i% & disappe>--,mr4 ,em]son says2 ,?is is cle>ly indicat$ 9 :at is con/antly go+ on 9 ! =e/s1 p>ticul>ly ! fact :i* ,i h already /at$1 & :i* is abundantly confirm$ by my correspond5ts1 t a =e/ ( "o k9d is frequ5tly succe$$ by a spontane\s gr[? ( trees ( ano!r k9d4 ,9 ! s5se 9 :i* he manife/ly uses ! t]m spontane\s 9 ?is connection1 8 new =e/ might be acc\nt$ = on ! !ory ( primordial g]ms1 b n on t ( se$s2 = few trees or %rubs 9 ,massa*usetts be> w+$ se$s1 or possess any o!r means ( disp]sion 7! ,ac] family except$7 ?an ^? common to our g5]al =e/ gr[?s4 ,spontaneity1 9 a /rictly sci5tific s5se1 is n pr$icable ^u ! artificial or *ance s[+ ( ei!r acorns1 hickory nuts1 or ! *its to p9e cones4 ,a spontane\s gr[? implies a process :i* is nei!r usual nor accid5tal--a gr[? )\t ext]nal cause1 b f inh]5t natural t5d5cy--& x is que/ionable :e!r !re is any su* process 9 nature4 ,x belongs to ! same class ( idle speculations z spontane\s g5]ation 9 ! infusorial _w--a subject t w be consid]$ z we advance 9 ?is "w4 ,our vegetable physiologi/s1 ,mr4 ,em]son among ! numb]1 are simply un=tunate 9 _! use ( t]ms--^? express+ ev5 ! commone/ op]ations ( nature4 ,9 _! g5esis ( plants & trees !y ne$ to adh]e a little m closely to ! g5esis ( induction1 & use language 9 h>mony ) ! ph5om5al facts & *>act]i/ics :i* !y are call$ ^u to expla94 ,b ,mr4 ,em]son 0 n alone at fault 9 ?is almo/ univ]sal slip ( ! sci5tific p54 ,he quotes f a lett] ( ,mr4 ,p4 ,s&]son1 ( ,ea/ ,:ately1 ,mass41 9 :i* ! writ] says3 ,!re is an in/ance on my f>m ( spruce & hackmatack be+ succe$$ by a spontane\s gr[? ( maple wood2 & he adds t in/ances are also m5tion$ by him 7,mr4 ,s&]son7 ( bee* & maple succe$+ oaks2 oaks foll[+ p9es1 & ! rev]se2 hemlock succe$$ by :ite bir* 9 cold places1 & by h>d maple 9 w>m ones2 bee* succe$$ by maple1 elm1 etc2 &1 9 fact1 ! occurr5ce 0 s common t surprise 0 express$ at ! ask+ ( ! "q4 ,^! sev]al alt]nations 9 timb] gr[?s1 effectually v\*$ = by ,mr4 ,em]son1 occurr+ spontane\sly z /at$1 c h>dly be acc\nt$ = on any o!r !ory ?an ! pres5ce ( g]ms & favor+ conditions1 su* z we h nam$ 9 connection ) ! ,bible g5esis4 ,!y might possibly be expla9$ on ! !ory ( scatt]$ se$s1 if ! sev]al gr[?s _h made _! appe>ance gradually1 & n spontane\sly1 z /at$4 ,! mis=tune ) ,mr4 ,em]son1 z well z ) 8 sev]al reliable correspond5ts1 01 t 8 facts are too meagrely imp>t$1 9 ! necess>y details1 to draw any satisfactory conclusions f !m--su* z ! ne>ness or di/ance ( surr\nd+ trees ( ! same species1 & ! possible *ances ( _! se$s tak+ lodgm5t 9 ! soil f :i* !y grew4 ,b1 =tunately1 !re are facts1 & ^? abundantly sub/antiat$1 :i* entirely negative ! pres5ce ( se$s 9 ! soils :]e ^! spontane\s gr[?s are said to h appe>$4 ,9 "s in/ances1 !y cov] l>ge tracts ( l&1 at di/ances ( ?irty1 =ty1 fifty1 & ev5 hundr$s ( miles1 f any native =e/ f :i* se$ c\ld h be5 d]iv$4 ,dr4 ,dwight1 9 ! second volume ( 8 ,travels1 m5tions visit+ a t[n 9 ,v]mont 7,panton1 ne> ,v]g5nes71 9 :i* a piece ( l& t _h be5 once cultivat$1 b 0 aft]w>ds p]mitt$ to lie wa/e1 yield$ a ?ick & vigor\s gr[? ( hickory1 :]e !re 0 n a s+le hickory tree 9 any orig9al =e/ )9 fifty miles ( ! place4 ,( ?is piece ( l& he says3 ,! native gr[? "h 0 :ite p9e1 ( :i* ,i did n see a s+le /em 9 ! :ole grove ( hickory4 ,he is greatly puzzl$ to acc\nt = ?is isolat$ gr[? ( hickory1 b readily concludes t ! fruit 0 too heavy to be c>ri$ fifty miles by birds2 besides he adds1 x is n eat5 by any bird indig5\s to ,v]mont4 ,& ev5 if ! birds _h c>ri$ ! nuts ?i!r1 n "o ( !m c\ld h be5 plant$ !re unless ! nut-eat+ bird _h be5 caught & de/roy$ on ! spot1 & ! nut releas$ f its crop4 ,?is might acc\nt = ! appe>ance ( a s+le tree1 b n = a :ole grove ( hickory2 & ! squirrels c]ta9ly c\ld n h be5 provid5t en\gh to plant any consid]able grove 9 ?is p>ticul> locality1 & n[h]e else )9 fifty miles ( x4 ,! w9ds c\ld n h borne !m t di/ance )\t dropp+ a s+le nut by ! way1 & !re is only "o supposition left1 :i* is t indicat$ 9 ! ,bible g5esis4 ,:ile ,dr4 ,dwight emphatically rejects ! transportation !ory1 he imag9$ he _h solv$ ! difficulty 9 8 sugge/ion t ! cultivation ( ! l& _h br\ght up ! se$s ( a =m] =e/1 )9 ! limits ( vegetation1 & giv5 !m an opportunity to vegetate4 ,b ! utt] absurdity ( ?is !ory may be demon/rat$ by any "o inside ( two ye>s1 by plac+ hickory nuts1 9 diff]5t soils1 at a dep? to :i* an ord9>y pl\gh-po9t w\ld rea* 9 cultivation2 & !n1 at ! end ( ! second ye>1 exam9+ ^? t did n g]m9ate ! fir/ ye>4 ,! commone/ obs]v] ( a hickory =e/ kn[s t if ! fall5 nuts d n g]m9ate ! fir/ ye>1 _! vitality is utt]ly & hopelessly gone4 ,x makes no diff]5ce :e!r y leave ! nuts on ! gr\nd :]e !y fall1 or place !m "o in* or tw5ty in*es b5ea? ! soil1 ! result w be ! same4 ,at ! end ( two ye>s1 y c pulv]ize !m betwe5 ?umb & f+] almo/ z easily z s mu* dri$ loam4 ,! idea ( d]iv+ a new =e/ f su* nuts1 is h>dly less absurd ?an t ( empty+ ! ,egyptian catacombs ( _! old mummy-cases1 9 ! expectation ( see+ a race ( ,!ban k+s /alk+ ! e>? z be=e ! f\ndations ( ei!r ,c>?age or ,rome 7 laid4 ,dr4 ,dwight 0 a v close & accurate obs]v] ( nature1 & suff]$ few ( ev5 ! m9or po9ts ( detail to escape him4 ,9 ! same "w1 z well z 9 ! same connection1 he gives an acc\nt ( ano!r =e/1 :i* he supposes sprang spontane\sly f ! se$s ( an anci5t vegetation4 ,he says3 ,a field ab\t five miles f ,nor?ampton 7,mass471 on an em95ce call$ ',rail ,hill1' 0 cultivat$ ab\t a c5tury ago 7circit] #agbj74 ,! native gr[? "h1 & 9 all ! surr\nd+ region1 0 :olly oak1 *e/nut1 etc4 ,z ! field belong$ to my gr&fa!r1 ,i _h ! be/ opportunity ( le>n+ its hi/ory4 ,x conta9$ ab\t five acres1 9 ! =m ( an irregul> p>allelogram4 ,z ! savages r5d]$ ! cultivation dang]\s1 x 0 giv5 up4 ,on ?is gr\nd !re sprang up a grove ( :ite p9es1 cov]+ ! field & reta9+ its figure exactly4 ,s f> z ,i rememb]1 !re 0 n 9 x a s+le oak or *e/nut tree2 & he adds1 !re 0 n a s+le p9e ^: se$s 71 or1 probably1 _h = ages be51 suffici5tly ne> to h be5 plant$ on ?is spot4 ,he supposes1 h[ev]1 t ! se$s 7p9e cone *its7 _h la9 dormant = ages be=e cultivation br\ght !m up )9 ! limits ( vegetation4 ,z e>ly z #ahjg1 ,judge ,pet]s1 ( ,philadelphia1 became satisfi$ t all t elevat$ region ar\nd ! head wat]s ( ! ,delaw>e1 ,alleghany1 & ,g5esee ,riv]s1 !n cov]$ ) heavy gr[?s ( hemlock1 or ) =e/s ( bee* & sug>-maple1 0 orig9ally an oak =e/1 probably cov]+ mo/ ( t entire region4 ,& ,mr4 ,john ,adlum1 ( ,havre de ,grace1 ,md41 :o orig9ally survey$ ! l&s s\? ( ! great b5d ( ! ,susquehanna1 betwe5 t riv] & ! ,delaw>e1 conceiv$ ! same idea z e>ly z #aghh4 ,! section survey$ by him 0 *iefly cov]$ ) bee* & sug>-maple2 9 fact1 x 0 9 :at 0 call$1 at ! "t1 ! bee* & sug>-maple c\ntry4 ,he drew 8 inf]5ces f ! fact t he f\nd1 "h & !re1 at irregul> int]vals1 r$ & :ite oaks gr[+ to an enorm\s size1 none be+ less ?an sixte5 feet1 & _m measur+ tw5ty-two feet or m1 9 circumf]5ce five feet above ! gr\nd4 ,he says t ! hemlock 9 ?is region seems to h succe$$ ! oak1 :ile ! bee* & maple no d\bt succe$$ ! hemlock4 ,?is la/ inf]5ce w\ld seem to h be5 made f ! fact t clumps ( l>ge hemlock trees 71 at t "t1 /ill gr[+ at int]vals among ! l>g] decidu\s trees4 ,inde$1 !re is no bett] e/abli%$ fact 9 vegetable physiology ?an t ( ^! alt]nations ( =e/ gr[?s4 ,!y sometimes come on gradually1 b1 9 a majority ( in/ances1 !y make _! appe>ance at once on ! cutt+ (f ( old =e/s1 9 ! tracks ( tornadoes1 or :]e fire has deva/at$ ext5sive regions ( timb]4 ,f ! facts :i* h be5 ga!r$1 x is difficult to det]m9e any regul> ord] ( alt]nation1 except t oaks & o!r decidu\s trees succe$ ! diff]5t v>ieties ( p9e & o!r ev]gre5 gr[?s1 &1 p]haps1 vice v]sa4 ,9 ,dr4 ,h\gh's report ^u ,am]ican ,=e/ry1 he makes a brief summ>y ( ! ord] ( ^! alt]nations 9 diff]5t sections ( ! c\ntry1 on ! au?ority ( p]sons app>5tly m or less well-in=m$ on ! subject1 b by no means accurate obs]v]s4 ,he says t 9 ! region ab\t ,gre5 ,bay1 ,wis41 ov]run by ! fires ( #ahga1 d5se gr[?s ( popl>s & bir*es h sprung up1 & are gr[+ rapidly2 b he omits ! mo/ important fact ( all1 9 8 failure to /ate ! previ\s gr[?s ( timb]1 or :e!r !re 7 any neighbor+ gr[?s ( popl> along ! track ( ! burnt di/rict f :i* se$ might h be5 d]iv$4 ,"h are "s ( 8 m important /atem5ts3-- ,at ,cl>ksville1 ,ga41 oak & hickory l&s1 :5 cle>$1 inv>iably grew up ) p9e4 ,?is is true ( t region ( c\ntry g5]ally4 ,at ,aik51 ,s4,c41 ! long-leaf p9e is succe$$ by oaks & o!r decidu\s trees1 & vice v]sa4 ,9 ,bri/ol ,c\nty1 ,mass41 9 "s cases1 aft] p9es h be5 cut (f1 oak1 maple1 & bir* h sprung up abundantly4 ,9 ,hancock ,c\nty1 ,ill41 oaks h be5 succe$$ by hickories4 ,9 ,ea/ ,hamburgh1 ,erie ,c\nty1 ,n4,y41 a gr[? ( hemlock1 elm1 & s(t maple1 0 succe$$ by bee*1 s(t maple1 & h>d maple1 b a good deal m ( ! la/ nam$ ?an any o!r4 ,?is is ! g5]al "* ( ! summ>y giv51 & if its object 7 simply to %[ ! fact t ^! alt]nations actually took place 7"o t nobody has disput$ 9 ! la/ half c5tury71 8 *apt] on ! ,alt]nations ( ,=e/ ,gr[?s1 is a sci5tific success4 ,! in=mation really desir$ 9 ^! cases1 0 t imp>t$ by ,dr4 ,dwight 9 8 sugge/ive "w ( travel1 9 :i* all ! incid5tal facts & surr\nd+ circum/ances are fully giv54 ,x does n appe> f any ( ! =ego+ /atem5ts1 giv5 z a specim51 t !re 7 any neighbor+ trees suffici5tly ne> to h suppli$ se$ = ! new =e/s tak+ ! place ( ! old1--manife/ly ! mo/ important physiological fact connect$ ) ! :ole inquiry1 :e!r look+ to prop] =e/-managem5t1 or to future s*ools ( =e/ry1 c]ta9 to be e/abli%$ 9 ?is c\ntry1 z !y h be5 9 mo/ ( ! lead+ c\ntries ( ,europe4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 /at$ by ,dr4 ,h\gh1 9 8 volum9\s report1 t1 9 ,new ,engl&1 ! p9e 7)\t giv+ its v>ieties7 is (t5 succe$$ by ! :ite bir*1 &1 9 ,new ,j]sey1 by ! oak2 ! succession ( oak by p9e1 & ! rev]se1 9 ! s\!rn /ates4 ,& x is fur!r /at$1 )\t ref]5ce to ! nature & quality ( ! diff]5t soils1 or ! abs5ce or pres5ce ( neighbor+ se$-trees1 t popl>s & o!r s(t woods are v (t5 f\nd com+ up 9 p9e di/ricts t h be5 ravag$ by fire4 ,we h notic$1 he cont9ues1 9 ,nebraska1 a%1 elm1 & box-eld] foll[+ cottonwood4 ,9 ! natural />t+ ( timb] 9 ! prairie region ( ,ill9ois1 :]e ! /opp+ ( fires all[$1 we (t5 see a hazel coppice2 aft] a "t ! cratgus1 & f9ally ! oaks1 black-walnuts1 & o!r timb]4 ,^! gr[?s are (t5 q aggressive on ! prairies4 ,9 ,florida1 ! black-jack oak usually takes ! place ( ! long-leaf p9e4 ,9 all ^! cases1 ! contigu\sness ( simil>1 or dissimil> gr[?s1 is n /at$4 ,he nev]!less cites a mo/ important fact respect+ ! alt]nations ( timb] gr[?1 notic$ by ,sir ,alex&] ,mack5zie1 9 8 ov]l& j\rney f ,montreal to ! ,arctic ,ocean1 9 #aghi1 :o f\nd1 9 ! vic9ity ( ,slave ,lake1 t ! banks 7 cov]$ ) l>ge quantities ( burnt wood ly+ on ! gr\nd1 :]e "y popl> trees _h sprung up imm$iately aft] ! de/ruction ( ! previ\s gr[?s by fire4 ,9 notic+ ?is fact1 ! indefatigable ,engli% explor] rem>ks3 ,x is a v curi\s & extraord9>y circum/ance t l& cov]$ ) spruce1 p9e1 & :ite bir*1 :5 laid wa/e by fire1 %\ld subsequ5tly produce no?+ b popl>s1 :]e none ( t species ( tree 0 previ\sly to be f\nd4 ,b facts ( a simil> "* are too num]\s & well-au!nticat$ to be que/ion$ by any intellig5t au?ority4 ,& !y all po9t to b "o solution--t ( primordial g]ms quick5$ into life by ! necess>y environ+ conditions4 ,! appe>ance ( a s+le popl> 9 ! locality nam$1 or ev5 a doz5 ( !m = t matt]1 might be acc\nt$ = on ! !ory t a bird ( passage _h dropp$ !m !re aft] ! fire2 b1 "u no conceivable circum/ances1 c\ld ! disp]sion ( ! requisite am\nt ( se$ to plant an ext5sive burnt di/rict1 along ! banks ( ,slave ,lake1 h occurr$ on any o!r !ory ?an t emphatically set =?1 z a physiological fact1 9 ! ,bible g5esis4 ,!re is manife/ly importance en\gh atta*+ to ?is subject to ju/ify a mu* wid] range ( obs]vation & inquiry ?an has yet be5 made4 ,p9e =e/s h be5 cut (f 9 ,alabama & ,georgia1 cov]+ ext5sive areas1 :]e !re 0 n a s+le oak tree 9 a circuit ( miles2 & yet ! oak has promptly made its appe>ance1 9 sev]al v>ieties1 ov] ! :ole cle>$ di/rict4 ,& x is entirely safe to say t1 _h ! gr\nd be5 ?or\ghly exam9$1 f ! surface to t5 feet bel[ x1 aft] ! p9e _h be5 fell$1 n ! fir/ sign ( an acorn c\ld h be5 met ) any:]e )9 ! :ole area ( ! cle>+1 no matt] :e!r x cov]$ t5 acres1 tw5ty1 or a hundr$4 ,! pa?s ( ! tornadoes we h ref]r$ to conclusively %[ ?is4 ,! new-born =e/s1 9 ^! cases1 d n come f se$1 b f ! liv+1 inde/ructible1 vital pr9ciples implant$ 9 ! e>?1 be=e x 0 specifically comm&$ to br+ =?1 9 ! language ( ! ,bible g5esis4 ,! mat]iali/s1 l ,pr(essor ,ba/ian1 ,h]b]t ,sp5c]1 & o!rs1 may sne] at ?is decl>ation1 b let !m advance "s rational !ory to ! contr>y1 to acc\nt = ^! alt]nations ( =e/ gr[?s1 be=e !y lay b>e ! jo9ts ( _! sci5tific armor too confid5tly to ! ?ru/s ( ! next new-com] 9 ! field ( sci5tific inve/igation4 ,sne]s are *eap weapons--! m]e side-arms ( pret5sion & fripp]y--b !y nev] be> s deadly a gibe z :5 effectually turn$ on ! sne]]4 ,pr(essor ,moritz ,wagn]1 9 8 description ( ,m\nt ,ar>at1 m5tions a s+ul> ph5om5on1 to :i* 8 guide drew 8 att5tion1 9 ! appe>ance ( sev]al plants on soil lately ?r[n up by an e>?quake1 :i* grew n[h]e else on ! m\nta91 & _h nev] be5 obs]v$ 9 ?is 7t7 region be=e4 ,?is writ]1 !reupon1 goes into a disquisition ^u ! vitality ( long-buri$ se$s1 b only to m> ! value ( 8 v important obs]vation4 ,! fact t ^! new plants 7 reject$ by ! o!r soil ( ! m\nta9--t n ?r[n up by ! e>?quake--is ! only o!r obs]vation ( value made by ?is writ]4 ,& ! importance ( ?is "o obs]vation lies 9 ! app>5t1 if n conclusive fact1 t ! conditions ( ! o!r soil ( ! m\nta9 7 n favorable = ! developm5t ( ! primordial g]ms1 or vital units1 conta9$ 9 t :i* 0 ?r[n up by ! e>?quake1 a circum/ance t mo/ mat]ially /r5g!ns ! view we h tak51 z all c&id & imp>tial read]s w agree4 ,mr4 ,d>w9 inadv]t5tly makes a v mat]ial concession 9 favor ( ! !ory we h advanc$1 al?\gh unconsci\s ( any su* !ory1 except t s broadly & unqualifi$ly put =? by ! pansp]mi/s z to meet ) a ready refutation4 ,he is labor+1 ( c\rse1 to /r5g!n 8 position t nature et]nally works to get rid ( h] imp]fect =ms1 or to ensure ! survival ( ! fitte/4 ,b :ile 8 facts accompli% little 9 ?is direction1 !y e/abli% mu* 9 ano!r1 z ! read] w see4 ,he says3 ,9 ,/af=d%ire1 on an e/ate ( a relative1 :]e ,i _h ample means ( inve/igation1 !re 0 a l>ge & extremely b>r5 hea?1 :i* _h nev] be5 t\*$ by ! h& ( man2 b sev]al hundr$ acres ( exactly ! same nature _h be5 enclos$ tw5ty-five ye>s be=e1 & plant$ ) scot* fir4 ,! *ange 9 ! native vegetation ( ! plant$ "p ( ! hea? 0 mo/ rem>kable--m ?an is g5]ally se5 9 pass+ f "o q diff]5t soil to ano!r2 n only ! proportional numb]s ( ! hea? plants 7 :olly *ang$1 b twelve species ( plants 7n includ+ grasses & s$ges7 fl\ri%$ 9 ! plantation :i* c\ld n be f\nd on ! hea?4 ,! attempt is "h made1 by ,mr4 ,d>w91 to convey an altoge!r diff]5t mean+ to 8 facts ?an :at !y w w>rant1 ev5 z adroitly h&l$ by him4 ,no hea? plants 7 :olly *ang$ 9 *>act]i/ics1 b only 9 proportional numb]s2 nor did ! twelve new species ( plants make _! appe>ance by virtue ( any law ( v>iability or selection ( ! fitte/4 ,! gr[? ( scot* fir _h simply *ang$ ! conditions ( ! soil1 s t c]ta9 v>ieties ( hea? gr[? disappe>$ = ! want ( necess>y conditions1 & c]ta9 v>ieties ( =e/ gr[? made _! appe>ance because conditions favor$4 ,simil>1 if n great] *anges1 are con/antly occurr+ 9 hundr$s ( localities 9 ,new ,engl&1 :]e *ok$ & worn-out pa/ure l&s are left1 unt\*$ by ! h& ( man1 to gr[ up z be/ !y may into new =e/s4 ,! op5-field plants & %rubs entirely disappe>1 z ! /rong] & m aggressive trees1 tak+ root 9 favor+ soils1 advance 9 ! /ruggle = supremacy1 :ile ! less h>dy & m mode/ plants--^? quietly seek+ %elt] 9 ! woods--make _! appe>ance1 because !y f9d1 b5ea? ! %ade ( ! usurp+ =e/1 ! precise conditions necess>y = _! m successful gr[?4 ,no p]i%able se$s h be5 awak5$ f _! sleep ( untold c5turies by ^! *ang$ conditions ( ! soil2 b nature1 ev]y:]e obey+ ! div9e m&ate1 br+s =? h] implant$ life 9 all its b\ntiful div]sity ( /alk1 leaf1 bud1 b\gh1 blossom1 fruit1--n 9 ob$i5ce to man's husb&ry alone1 b because1 z ! vic> ( ,god1 %e mu/ provide = h] b5efice4 ,let ! e>? br+ =? is ! et]nal fiat4 ,nature =ev] he$s x1 & =ev] obeys x4 ,oh1 ye bl9d guides1 :o /ra9 at a gnat & swall[ a camel1 d\bt x if ye w4 ,b =get n t nature has h] compuncti\s visit+s1 & w rise up 9 insurrection aga9/ y4 ,no?+ 9 h] brea/ lies dormant = ages1 or ev5 = an h\r4 ,h] appo9t$ times & seasons =bid x4 ,if ! butt]fly does n sport 9 h] sun%9e to-day1 x is because x lies dead 9 its gold5-color$ %r\d1 & c nev] become a butt]fly4 ,9 all h] pr(usion & prodigality--fl++ h] glitt]+ jewels1 ev5 9 mid-w9t]1 ov] all h] enamor$ woods1 & caus+ h] little f\nta9s to leap up f _! cry/al b$s 9 delight1 t !y may be froz51 mid-air1 into m sp>kl+ jets--%e exhibits no su* munific5ce z 9 h] unsp>+ prodigality ( life4 ,to be prodigal 9 ?is 0 ! fir/ comm& %e receiv$1 & h] great he>t con/antly ?robs to give x expression4 ,& 9 all ?is %e simply obeys a k9dly law :i* has be5 implant$ 9 h] bosom1 & c nev] be displant$4 ,%e has no ne$ ( se$s 9 h] cunn+ laboratory to p]petuate plant-life1 & only yields !m to man = use1 & n abuse4 ,he c utilize !m if he w1 s t all ?+s ( beauty & gold5-fruit$ promise %all be 84 ,9 ! language ( h] greate/ & mo/ pr(\ndly philosophical poet1-- ,nature nev] l5ds ,! smalle/ scruple ( h] excell5ce1 ,b1 l a ?rifty goddess1 %e det]m9es ,h]self ! glory ( a cr$itor-- ,bo? ?anks & use4 ,^? :o ?9k1 !re=e1 to make nature a debtor1 by rev]s+ h] laws ( propagation & mak+ h] dep5d5t on :at %e be/[s 9 use1 w nev] f9d out ! smalle/ scruple ( h] excell5ce1 nor add to h] glory z a cr$itor4 ,all ?+s are fram$ 9 h] prodigality1 & ! se$s ( plants & trees are no exception to ! quality ( h] be/[als4 ,we may reason1 syllogize1 speculate z we w1 ! fir/ plant & ! fir/ tree 7 n nature's ?ankless ba/>ds1 b h] legitimate & lov+ (fspr+4 ,%e eng5d]$ !m 9 h] own fruitful brea/1 & h] copy is et]ne4 ,*apt] ,,iv4 ,! ,di/ribution & ,vitality ( ,se$s4 ,few que/ions h attract$ m att5tion among vegetable physiologi/s1 ( late ye>s1 ?an ! disp]sion & migration ( se$s f place to place 9 ! e>?1 & x is safe to say t none has be5 m unsatisfactorily answ]$4 ,9 ! case ( q a numb] ( plants & trees1 special contrivances w\ld seem to h be5 provid$ by nature = insur+ _! disp]sion1 z well z migration4 ,) a small numb] ( plants1 = in/ance1 ! se$s are dis*>g$ = %ort di/ances by ! explosive =ce ( _! se$-vessels1 :5 prop]ly matur$2 an equally small numb] h c]ta9 membran\s contrivances1 call$ w+s1 by :i* !y may be borne /ill great] di/ances2 o!rs1 aga91 are provid$ ) light fea!ry tufts1 to :i* ! se$ is atta*$1 & ^! may be c>ri$ by ! w9ds sev]al miles be=e f9d+ a lodgm5t 9 ! soil2 :ile _m o!rs are inclos$ 9 prickly & b>b-po9t$ cov]+s by :i* !y atta* !mselves to animals1 & ev5 birds1 & may be transport$ to almo/ any di/ance4 ,b ) ! great majority ( plants & trees1 z ! se$s fall s !y lie1 & mu/ cont9ue to lie until !y ei!r g]m9ate or p]i%1 or are accid5tally disp]s$ or scatt]$ by "s extr9sic ag5cy4 ,! anxiety ( speculative botani/s to acc\nt = ! recogniz$ alt]nations ( =e/ & o!r gr[?s1 h l$ to ! diff]5t !ories ( transportation we h nam$2 & :5 ^! !ories h be5 supplem5t$ by ! alleg$ wond]ful vitality ( se$s1 9 ! cunn+ recesses 9 :i* nature manages to conceal !m1 !y imag9e ! :ole difficulty solv$1 :51 9 po9t ( fact1 x rema9s :olly unsolv$4 ,?is !ory ( ! wond]ful vitality ( se$s is simply "o1 z we h said1 to =ce a conclusion--to get rid ( a lion 9 ! sci5tific pa?4 ,pr(essor ,m>%1 ) o!r em95t & s*ol>ly writ]s on vegetable physiology1 sc\ts ! idea t ! se$s ( "s ( our c]eal crops h be5 pres]v$ = ?ree or f\r ?\s& ye>s 9 ! a%y dryness ( ! ,egyptian catacombs4 ,b :at bett] repository 9 :i* to pres]ve !m8 ,c]ta9ly1 none ( our mod]n gran>ies1 ) all _! ma*9]y = keep+ ! gra9 dry1 or f ov]-heat+4 ,nor are ! catacombs to be despis$1 z comp>$ ) any out-door means ( /orage yet sugge/$ by ! wit ( man4 ,! only means nature has ( /orage1 or r ( pres]vation by /orage1 is to welcome ! se$ back to h] bosom--! e>? f :i* its p>5t-se$ sprang--:]e x may be spe$ily quick5$ into life1 & be> o!r gra91 n itself4 ,= t :i* ?\ s[e/ is n quick5$1 except x die2 & mu* m is t dead :i* is n quick5$4 ,:5ev] se$ is ?us return$ to nature's bosom--all-palpitat+ z x is ) life--:e!r x quick5s or n1 x dies2 & !re is no resurrection = dead se$ f ! e>?1 any m ?an !re is = ! occupants ( ! exhum$ mummy-cases ( anci5t ,!bes4 ,! belief 9 ?is wond]ful vitality ( se$s1 9 ! positions 9 :i* nature deposits !m1 is pretty mu* on a p> ) t :i* assigns a ?\s& ye>s to ! life ( a cr[4 ,z nobody b ! s*ola/ic fool 9 ! fable has ev] attempt$ to v]ify ! correctness ( ?is latt] belief1 s x is safe to assume t ! exp]im5t ( v]ify+ ! =m] w n be successfully und]tak5 )9 ! next ?\s& ye>s1 to say ! lea/4 ,x is well kn[n t ! vitality ( se$s 7s f>1 at lea/1 z nature h&les !m7 dep5ds1 ^u h] cunn+ contrivances = _! pres]vation1 z well z _! disp]sion4 ,b _m se$s1 9 :i* ^! contrivances w\ld seem to be ! mo/ p]fect1 w n g]m9ate aft] ! second ye>1 & few w d s to advantage aft] ! ?ird or f\r? ye>1 ev5 :5 !y h be5 kept "u ! mo/ favorable circum/ances1 or 9 uni=m dryness & temp]ature4 ,f>m]s1 :o h _h practical exp]i5ce 9 ?is matt]1 & c>e little = :at is m]ely !oretical1 w nev] plant se$ t is ?ree or f\r ye>s old :5 !y c get t ( ! previ\s ye>'s gr[?4 ,x is c]ta9 t no hickory nut w reta9 its vitality beyond ! fir/ ye> ( its exposure to a ,new ,engl& soil & climate1 & few se$s are bett] protect$ by nature aga9/ su* exposure2 & x is equally que/ionable :e!r ! *its to ,dr4 ,dwight's p9e cones w\ld h _h any bett] *ance ( survival at ! "t ! ,indians infe/$ ! neighborhood ( ,nor?ampton1 & regul>ly fir$ ! woods e autumn4 ,al?\gh ,pr(essor ,m>% confid5tly says1 9 8 "w on4 ,man & ,nature1 t ! vitality ( se$s seems almo/ imp]i%able :ile !y rema9 9 ! situations 9 :i* nature deposits !m1 he w no d\bt admit t ?is /atem5t re/s on no exp]im5tal k1 b simply on ! hypo!sis t ! new =e/s & new species ( plants to :i* he ref]s1 orig9at$ f se$s1 & n f primordial g]ms ev]y:]e implant$ 9 ! e>?4 ,dr4 ,g4 ,*apl9 ,*ild1 :o swall[s ! ,egyptian :eat /ory1 mummy-cases & all1 9 speak+ ( "s ( ! ,engli% dykes or m\nd-f5ces :i* h exi/$ f "t well-nigh immemorial1 says3 ,no soon] are ^! dykes level$ ?an ! se$s ( wild fl[]s1 :i* mu/ h la9 9 !m = ages1 spr\t =? vigor\sly1 j z if ! gr\nd _h be5 rec5tly s[n ) se$4 ,he also m5tions1 z a m or less rem>kable fact1 t a h\se1 :i* 0 kn[n to h exi/$ = two hundr$ ye>s1 0 pull$ d[n1 &1 no soon] 0 ! surface soil expos$ to ! influ5ce ( light & moi/ure1 ?an x became cov]$ ) a crop ( wild-mu/>d or *>lock4 ,& he in/ances ^! facts to %[ t ! se$s ( ?is *>lock1 & ^! dyke plants1 _h la9 dormant 9 ! soil f ! "t ! dykes 7 built1 & ! h\se erect$4 ,b ^! physiological facts1 h[ev] well au!nticat$ !y may h be51 are no m conclusive ( ! pres5ce ( dormant se$1 ?an ! appe>ance ( ! common planta9 ab\t a rec5tly built dwell+-h\se1 :]e none ev] grew be=e1 is pro( t ! se$s ( ?is common h\sehold plant _h la9 dormant = ages be=e ! h\se 0 erect$4 ,we _c tell :y ?is common plant foll[s ! dome/ic h\sehold1 any m ?an we c tell :y rats foll[ civilization4 ,b !y are bo? suffici5tly annoy+ at times1 to satisfy u t !y d foll[1 h[ev] inexplicable ! reason may be4 ,! same writ] fur!r says1 9 connection ) ! =ego+ /atem5ts3 ,in/ances 7( ! vitality ( se$s7 might easily be multipli$ almo/ indef9itely1 b we %all be satisfi$ ) notic+ "o ( a v extraord9>y k9d4 ,9 ! "t ( ! ,emp]or ,hadrian1 a man di$ soon aft] he _h eat5 pl5tifully ( raspb]ries4 ,he 0 buri$ at ,dor*e/]4 ,ab\t tw5ty-eight ye>s ago1 ! rema9s ( ?is man1 toge!r ) co9s ( ! ,roman ,emp]or1 7 discov]$ 9 a c(f9 767 at ! bottom ( a b>r[1 ?irty feet "u ! surface4 ,! man _h ?us la9 undi/urb$ = "s #agjj ye>s4 ,b ! mo/ curi\s circum/ance connect$ ) ! case 01 t ! raspb]ry se$s 7 recov]$ f ! /oma* 767 & s[n 9 ! g>d5 ( ! ,horticultural ,society1 :]e !y g]m9at$ & grew into heal?y bu%es1 ,"h is circum/antiality en\gh to satisfy ! mo/ unlimit$ skepticism1 provid$ t ! facts 7 satisfactorily v\*$ = by ! liv+1 & ! record left by ! dead 7 suffici5tly explicit 9 detail1 & conclusive 9 id5tity ( subject4 ,!n to sugge/ ev5 a reasonable d\bt w\ld1 we admit1 be equival5t to mak+ tru? a circum/antial li>4 ,b ?is mo/ rem>kable /ory w be> repetition1 ) a few runn+ comm5ts4 ,! man 7presumably a ,roman soldi]7 di$ sev5te5 hundr$ ye>s ago4 ,?is is n unlikely4 ,he di$ ( eat+ too pl5tifully ( raspb]ries2 a circum/ance n altoge!r improbable4 ,he 0 buri$ at ,dor*e/]2 :]e1 ( c\rse1 !re 7 no records ( dea?s & burials kept at ! "t1 & h5ce1 we %\ld h to "q ! record1 if "o 7 pres5t$4 ,he 0 also buri$ 9 a c(f91 or1 at lea/1 dug up 9 "o4 ,?is /atem5t mu/ be receiv$ cum grano4 ,! ,romans nev] us$ c(f9s1 &1 "u ! empire1 !y burnt mo/ ( _! dead4 ,aft] a battle1 h[ev]1 !y g5]ally pil$ !m up 9 heaps1 &1 :]e !re 0 a lack ( fuel to burn !m1 !y cov]$ !m ) ! surface soil1 tak+ good c>e to put a ,roman co9 9 ea* soldi]'s m\?1 s t he might pay ! f]ryman 9 ,hades4 ,!re 0 ?irty-five feet ( surface soil %ovel$ on top ( ?is p>ticul> ,roman1--%[+ t he 0 a v consequ5tial p]sonage 9 camp4 ,no wond]1 !n1 t all ^! nice p>ticul>ities ( /atem5t %\ld h be5 circum/antially not$ 9 ! comm&+ g5]al's ord] ( ! day1 & ?us be5 h&$ d[n to po/]ity = ! future advancem5t ( sci5ce6 ,he _h la9 undi/urb$ = ne>ly two ?\s& ye>s4 ,almo/ any "o w\ld h done s1 ) t am\nt ( surface soil %ovel$ on top ( him4 ,! se$s 7 recov]$ f 8 /oma*2 t is1 aft] improvid5tly snat*+ away ! ,roman soldi]'s life1 !y took good c>e to pres]ve _! own1 z well z ! /oma* 9 :i* !y 7 deposit$4 ,! se$s 7 plant$ 9 ! ,horticultural ,society's g>d51 :]e !y fl\ri%$ vigor\sly4 ,all ^! circum/antially n>rat$ facts 787 7 ga!r$ 7by somebody7 ab\t =ty ye>s ago4 ,9 :at au!ntic & satisfactorily v]ifi$ record are !y to be f\nd to-day8 ,! writ] gives u no clue4 ,! /oma*1 ! c(f91 ! ,roman co9s1 "s ( ! wond]fully pres]v$ se$s1 z well z ! obolus 9 ! m\? ( ! dead soldi]1 %\ld be f\nd some:]e4 ,!y c\ld n h disappe>$ 9 a night4 ,if !y _h )/ood ! rel5tless too? ( "t = sev5te5 hundr$ ye>s1 9 ! surface soil ( ,dor*e/]1 ! la/ =ty ye>s ought n to h oblit]at$ all trace ( !m4 ,! /ory is simply too incr$ible = belief1 if pr9t$ 9 =ty ,great ,ar*itects ( ,nature4 ,f #ahdg to #ahea1 ! writ] w5t into any numb] ( ,wiscons9 m\nds--^? n ess5tially dissimil> f ! ,roman b>r[s 9 ,engl&--9 company ) ! late ,i4 ,a4 ,lapham1 ( ,milwaukee2 & ! idea ( f9d+ any human /oma*1 ) or )\t se$s 9 x--) probably n half ! "t int]v5+ betwe5 burial & exhumation1 z 9 ! case ( ?is ,roman soldi]--w\ld h be5 in/antly reject$ by ! di/+ui%$ ar*aeologi/ accompany+ u4 ,inde$1 _h any su* discov]y be5 made1 he w\ld h unhesitat+ly pron\nc$ ! m\nd tamp]$ ) = ! purposes ( imposition4 ,x is possible t surface soil1 conta9+ "s raspb]ry se$s1 may h be5 tak5 to ! ,horticultural ,society's g>d5 to :i* ,dr4 ,*ild ref]s1 & plant$ !re z /at$2 b t !y 7 f a human /oma* t _h la9 buri$ = sev5te5 hundr$ ye>s 9 ! surface soil ( ,engl&1 or any o!r c\ntry1 is simply prepo/]\s4 ,x caps ! climax ( all ! wond]ful se$-/ories yet manufactur$ = ! sci5tific m9d to wre/le )4 ,x is easy en\gh to f9d soil ab\t old /umps1 & fall5 trunks & bran*es ( trees1 :i* w produce raspb]ries1 ei!r ) or )\t ! pres5ce ( se$4 ,& soil might h be5 tak5 f ! bottom ( ?is ,dor*e/] b>r[ :i* produc$ !m4 ,b ! appe>ance ( ! bu%es mu/ h dep5d$ on ! conditions ( ! soil1 n on se$s eat5 by a ,roman soldi] ne>ly two ?\s& ye>s ago4 ,t v]sion ( ! /ory mu/ be summ>ily dismiss$ ! att5tion ( sci5tific m54 ,pr(essor ,m>%1 9 ! "w to :i* we h already sev]al times allud$1 says3 ,:5 newly cle>$ gr\nd is burnt ov] 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ! a%es are h>dly cold be=e !y are cov]$ ) a crop ( fire-we$1 a tall h]bace\s plant1 v seldom gr[+ "u o!r circum/ances1 & (t5 n to be f\nd = a di/ance ( _m miles f ! cle>+4 ,! botanical "n ( ?is plant is ,ere*?ites hi]acifolia1 & x is well kn[n to ! botani/s ( ,new ,engl&4 ,its se$s are almo/ z de/ructible by fire z ?i/le-d[n itself2 & x is n to be suppos$ t any ( ! se$s borne by ! w9ds or by birds1 & scatt]$ ?r\gh ! cle>+ be=e x 0 burn$1 c\ld h surviv$ ! int5se heat to :i* !y mu/ h be5 subject$ 9 ! burn+ (f ( a heavy & d5se gr[? ( fell$ timb]4 ,! se$s1 if any1 mu/ h be5 scatt]$ aft] ! fire1 & n be=e x4 ,b ^! heavy cle>+s--^? 9 :i* we h witness$ ! mo/ abundant crops ( fire-we$--are g5]ally burnt (f 9 ! e>ly spr+1 :5 !re are no se$s to be scatt]$1 z all ^? ( ! previ\s ye>'s gr[? f9d _! prop] lodgm5t 9 ! soil be=e ! w9t] fully closes 94 ,! se$s = :i* ,pr(essor ,m>% w\ld h to se>*1 !re=e1 w\ld be ^? gr[n 9 "s correspond+ latitude1 or plant zone1 9 ! s\!rn hemisph]e1 n )9 ?\s&s ( miles f ! cle>+ 9 :i* !y s promptly make _! appe>ance4 ,pr(essor ,m>% sugge/s1 h[ev]1 t !y may h come f ! deeply buri$ se$s ( a =m] vegetation1 quick5$ into life by ! heat4 ,b _h he exam9$ ^! plants1 9 _! incipi5t /ages ( gr[?1 he w\ld h f\nd t !y sprung directly f ! surface ( ! burnt soil1 _! initial rootlets h>dly ext5d+ to ! dep? ( two-?irds ( an in* bel[ x1 & :]e !y mu/ h utt]ly p]i%$ f ! heat4 ,! !ory he sugge/s is ! only possible "o1 he ?9ks1 to acc\nt = ! my/]y1 & h5ce its sugge/ion by him4 ,b he has only to pass "o ( ! delicate se$s ( ?is plant ?r\gh ! flame ( a c&le to see t x in/antly p]i%es by fire4 ,8 sugge/$ !ory mu/ be ab&on$1 !re=e1 & t ( ! ,bible g5esis accept$ 9 its place4 ,! fact is1 & x ought to be well kn[n to ! clos] /ud5t ( nature1 t ! fire-we$ makes its appe>ance 9 ! conditions ( ! burnt soil1 j z /ramonium does 9 ! conditions ( ! soil :]e a coal-pit has be5 rec5tly burn$2 t is1 n f se$1 b f vital units1 or g]ms1 ev]y:]e pres5t 9 ! e>?--^? tak+ advantage ( environ+ conditions1 j z ,bact]ia or ,torultz spr+ f ! prop] organic infusions4 ,& ! "y %oots ( /ramonium1 9 a rec5tly burn$ coal-pit1 w be f\nd to spr+ directly f ! surface ( ! burnt gr\nd1 :]e all se$s & liv+ organism mu/ h p]i%$ 9 ! heat1 & n at any consid]able dep? bel[ x4 ,_! fir/ appe>ance is on ! imm$iate surface ( ! burnt gr\nd1 ! same z 9 ! case ( fire-we$1 & at a "t :5 !re 7 no se$s to be di/ribut$1 except su* z mu/ h come f ! s\!rn hemisph]e1 or be5 casually pick$ up by birds1 & tak5 _! slim *ances ( survival aft] pass+ ?r\gh ! natural gri/mills ( ! birds4 ,& ev5 ?is supposition1 w\ld only acc\nt = ! appe>ance ( a s+le /ramonium plant or two1 n = a ?ick b$ ( x cov]+ ! entire gr\nd4 ,! !ory ( se$-di/ribution1 9 ?is & o!r cases1 is :olly out ( ! "q2 z mu* s z :5 :ite clov] makes its appe>ance on a closely-graz$ prairie1 hundr$s ( miles away f :]e !re has be5 a s+le sprig ( clov] gr[+ 9 a ?\s& ye>s4 ,e closely obs]vant p]son1 liv+ = any l5g? ( "t on our we/]n prairies1 is famili> ) ! fact t :5 ! rank & h>di] grasses1 usually gr[+ !reon1 are effectually f$ d[n by /ock1 & especially by %eep1 ! prairie grasses disappe>1 & ! gr\nd at once comes 9 ) :ite clov]1 & ! o!r nutriti\s gramma or grasses ( our common pa/ure l&s4 ,no se$ has be5 s[n 9 ^! localities1 & none c\ld h be5 f\nd _h e squ>e in* ( ! surface soil be5 exam9$ by ! mo/ p[]ful microscope4 ,! :ite clov] & ^! nutriti\s grasses make _! appe>ance on ^! prairies1 j z ! fir/ sprig ( vegetation did on ! e>?1 n f se$1 b f prexi/+ vital units or primordial g]ms1 implant$ !re9 f ! beg9n+1 & await+ ! necess>y conditions = _! developm5t & gr[?4 ,! bird !ory is ! "o almo/ univ]sally reli$ ^u = ! explanation ( ^! ph5om5a1 :]e ! se$s di/ribut$1 or suppos$ to be di/ribut$1 are n w+$4 ,b we are satisfi$ t birds p]=m no su* important (fice1 9 ! matt] ( se$-di/ribution1 z is g5]ally attribut$ to !m4 ,we h exam9$1 dur+ ! pa/ two seasons1 a l>ge numb] ( bird-dropp+s1 & f9d our previ\s impressions respect+ !m fully v]ifi$4 ,) all ! m delicate se$s--^? ( our common field grasses & we$s--! *ances are a ?\s& to "o t none ( !m w ev] pass ! cloaca ( ! bird eat+ !m1 9 any condition to g]m9ate4 ,all se$-eat+ birds are also gravel-eat]s2 & ! pebbles & gravel !y eat are mo/ly silex1 or ! mat]ial f :i* our be/ buhr/ones are made4 ,^! pass into ! gizz>d1 or pyloric division ( ! bird's /oma*1 :]e !y are utiliz$1 ! same z we utilize our buhr/ones4 ,! gizz>d has %>ply corrugat$ int]ior walls1 extremely ?ick & muscul>1 :i* involunt>ily contract & exp&1 giv+ ! bird a trem5d\s gr9d+ p[] ov] 8 food1 consid]+ ! size ( 8 gr9d+ app>atus4 ,! se$s--all ! se$s1 9 fact1 he eats--pass at once into 8 crop1 or ! natural hopp] to 8 gri/mill1 :]e !y und]go a moi/5+ or mac]at+ process previ\s to be+ gr\nd into ! f9e/ pulp 9 ! gizz>d4 ,z a g5]al rule1 all ! se$s a bird eats are gr\nd into ?is pulpy /ate be=e !y pass into ! inte/9al canal1 ext5d+ f ! gizz>d to ! cloaca4 ,! h>d1 semi-transluc5t1 & highly ela/ic out] coat+ ( mo/ small se$s1 may be measurably pres]v$ 9 its passage ?r\gh ! gizz>d1 &1 resum+ its oval %ape 9 ! ?9n] pulpy mass conta9$ 9 ! upp] portion ( ! inte/9e1 pres5t ! appe>ance ( se$ 9 ! cloacal dis*>ges1 & ?us deceive ! casual obs]v]4 ,b ! use ( a spatula & a small piece ( poli%$ /one slab w %[ t ! entire dis*>ge is excrem5titi\s matt]1 ) ! s+le exception ( ?is silici\s coat+ ( ! se$s4 ,! case is diff]5t1 h[ev]1 ) ! fruit-eat+ birds4 ,! fruits !y consume are reta9$ b a comp>atively %ort "t 9 ! crop1 pass hurri$ly ?r\gh ! gizz>d1 & no d\bt c>ry along ) !m "s ( ! small] se$s ( b]ries1 & n[ & !n ! pit ( a *]ry or small plum4 ,! gizz>d1 9 ^! cases1 is simply gorg$ ) ! pulp & juices ( ! fruit1 its muscul> action m or less relax$1 & "s ( ! se$s consequ5tly escape ! gr9d+ process !y w\ld o!rwise und]go4 ,& yet we are satisfi$ t a majority ( ^! se$s ev51 are m or less ?or\ghly triturat$ by a heal?y gravel-eat+ bird4 ,?is w\ld c]ta9ly be ! case if !y 7 reta9$ = any l5g? ( "t 9 ! pyloric division ( ! bird's /oma*4 ,all birds h gizz>ds1 b _! gr9d+ capacity dep5ds v mu* on ! "* ( ! food !y eat4 ,birds ( prey1 & o!rs subsi/+ mo/ly or entirely on animal food1 h ?91 membran\s1 & comp>atively flabby gizz>ds2 :ile ^? liv+ on h>d gra9s & se$s h extremely ?ick1 p[]ful1 & muscul> ones1--^? capable ( cru%+ up & ?or\ghly triturat+ all ! food !y take into _! crops4 ,^! gizz>ds are nature's gri/mills1 & !y gr9d exce$+ly f9e4 ,if any se$ escapes1 x is because ! mill has be5 flood$ by ! bird1 & n because ( any defect 9 ! gr9d+ app>atus4 ,^! birds are n1 !re=e natural s[]s ( se$s1 z ,pr(essor ,m>% & "s o!rs claim2 b are1 at mo/1 only accid5tal or *ance-s[]s4 ,nature nev] design$ t !y %\ld d any?+ m ?an consume ! food !y eat1 or submit x to ! prop] action ( _! dige/ive organs4 ,x might z well be claim$ t ! secret>y bird is a natural s[] ( s]p5ts1 z t _m ( ! gra9-eat+ birds are ! natural s[]s ( se$s4 ,! !ory is too =am9at$--too full ( loopholes & unsatisfactory conditions--to be accept$ z an explanation ( ! m g5]al ph5om5a pres5t$4 ,! fruit-eat+ quadrup$s are1 relatively1 f> bett] s[]s ( se$s ?an ! birds1 = !y eat fruit )\t s5d+ _! gri/s to mill4 ,dr4 ,dwight reject$ ! transportation !ory z e>ly z #ahbj1 & ,pr(essor ,m>% gives any numb] ( cases :]e x 0 necess>y = him to ab&on x4 ,& yet "s ( our able/ writ]s1 publi%+ works ( q rec5t date1 adh]e to x z ! only !ory t acc\nts = all ! ph5om5a pres5t$4 ,pr(essor ,george ,?urb]1 9 speak+ ( ! dissem9ation ( se$s1 f9ds o!r ag5cies !re= ?an w9ds1 birds1 quadrup$s1 etc41 su* z we h already nam$4 ,= in/ance1 he claims t riv]s1 ocean curr5ts1 m\nta9 torr5ts1 & ev5 w>s1 contribute l>gely t[>ds _! disp]sion & dissem9ation ?r\gh\t diff]5t p>ts ( ! e>?4 ,all ?is may be true to a limit$ ext5t2 b none ( ^! enum]at$ ag5cies w acc\nt = m ?an a v few ( ! _m well-au!nticat$ facts we h giv51 & _m o!rs t might be giv51 if our limits p]mitt$4 ,among ! in/ances :]e w>s h _h1 or are claim$ to h _h1 an important ag5cy 9 ! di/ribution ( se$s ?r\gh\t an invad$ c\ntry1 he m5tions ! fact t aft] our late civil w>1 a little legum9\s plant 7,lesp$eza /riata7 sprang up all ov] ! s\!rn /ates1 & adds1 t x 0 n kn[n h[ x came1 or :]e f1 b its native c\ntry is ,japan4 ,9 "s p>ts ( ! ,s\? x is kn[n z ,japan clov]1 & is highly valu$ z a =age plant4 ,b ! w> _h no?+ m to d ) ! appe>ance ( ?is plant all ov] ! s\!rn /ates1 ?an ! *anges ( ! moon1 or ! ph5om5al man !re94 ,! plant _h be5 notic$ 9 c]ta9 localities 9 ! ,s\? be=e ! w>1 b ! circum/ance ( its v g5]al appe>ance ?r\gh\t a l>ge area ( t section ( c\ntry1 0 n p>ticul>ly notic$ until ! conf$]ate troops began to move f "o s\!rn /ate to ano!r1 :51 f9d+ x a valuable =age plant1 !y naturally en\gh reg>d$ x z a provid5tial disp5sation1 especially 9 ^? sections :]e o!r =age plants & nutriti\s gramma 7 n abundant4 ,b ?is plant w\ld h made its appe>ance j ! same _h ! w> nev] be5 ?\ght ( z a possible rem$y = aggressive legislation1 h[ev] real or imag9>y x may h be54 ,x c be easily acc\nt$ =1 h[ev]1 on ! !ory we h sugge/$--t ( ! g]m9al pr9ciple ( life implant$ 9 ! e>?1 z ! ,bible g5esis indubitably indicates4 ,! plant 9 "q has long be5 a native ( ,japan1 :i* lies 9 ! same w>m temp]ate zone z ! s\!rn /ates4 ,! same g5]al hygrometric & !rmometric conditions prevail ?r\gh\t ! two c\ntries or sections ( c\ntry4 ,^!1 add$ to ! necess>y telluric conditions1 give ! requir$ moi/ure1 heat1 & soil-con/itu5ts = ! developm5t ( ! ,japan clov] 9 ! ,s\?1 ! same z x 0 orig9ally develop$ 9 its native c\ntry4 ,& x is j z mu* native to ! ,s\? n[1 z x 0 hundr$s or ?\s&'s ( ye>s ago to ,japan4 ,x did n come f se$s scatt]$ by w>1 or any o!r imag9able ag5cy ( man1 b f ! inde/ructible1 vital units or g]ms implant$ 9 ! e>? itself4 ,_h ! plant appe>$ 9 any "o locality1 or ev5 9 half a doz5 sep>ate localities1 9 ! ,s\?1 x might possibly h be5 acc\nt$ = on ! !ory ( ,pr(essor ,?urb]4 ,b its simultane\s appe>ance ov] all ! s\!rn /ates1 z he puts x1 absolutely negatives any su* !ory4 ,nei!r w9ds1 riv] or ocean curr5ts1 casual m\nta9 torr5ts1 birds1 quadrup$s1 w>1 or ev5 man himself1 c\ld h effect$ ?is sudd5 & wide di/ribution ( ! plant 9 "q4 ,x came z did all o!r plant-life1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 f geographical conditions--^? favor+ ! developm5t ( primordial g]ms--j z ! diff]5t organic infusions1 exp]im5tally prep>$ by ! physiologi/1 produce _! respective =ms ( infusorial life2 ea* di/9ctive =m dep5d+ on ! *emical conditions ( ! infusion at ! "t ! microscopic exam9ation is made4 ,*ange ! conditions1 or def] ! exam9ation until ! conditions !mselves are *ang$1 & o!r & diff]5t =ms ( life w make _! appe>ance1 9 h>mony ) ! physiological law we h nam$4 ,?is wond]ful play ( ! vital =ces ( nature is no less dep5dant on conditions--on ! necess>y pre-exi/+ plasma1 *emically balanc$ soils1 organic solutions1 etc4--?an ! alleg$ dynamical aggregates1 molecules organiques1 pla/ide p>ticles1 or highly diff]5tiat$ life-/uff1 insi/$ ^u by ! physici/s1 9 _! mat]iali/ic !ories ( life4 ,^! physici/s make ev5 ! slighte/ *ange 9 developm5tal phases--:e!r /atical1 z 9 ! case ( cry/als1 or dynamical1 z 9 ! case ( liv+ organisms--to dep5d on physical conditions1--^? aid+ & abett+ :at !y call ! molecul> play ( physical =ces4 ,b ) _! !ory t matt] & motion are ! only self-subsi/5t1 inde/ructible elem5ts 9 ! univ]se1 :at molecul> play c be attribut$ to matt] b t :i* is d]iv$ f motion1 or "s "o ( its alleg$ correlates8 ,we c only imag9e two sorts ( motion z possible metaphysical conceptions 9 connection ) matt]--mol> motion1 or t relat+ to matt] mov+ 9 mass1 & molecul> motion1 or t relat+ to ! movem5ts ( matt] 9 its unaggregat$ =m1 or z conf9$ to molecules4 ,b motion itself is n an absolute entity4 ,x is n s mu* ev5 z a collocat+ or plac+ =ce ( matt] itself4 ,x is1 at be/1 only a me*anical impulse imp>t$ by "o mov+ body to ano!r2 or1 m accurately speak+1 a cont9u\s *ange ( place 9 a mov+ body4 ,9 o!r words1 x is simply a process or mode ( action1 & /&s 9 ab\t ! same relation to matt] z gr[? does to a liv+ plant or tree4 ,indep5d5tly ( matt] x has no exi/5ce1 ei!r objectively or subjectively1 or ev5 z a metaphysical conception4 ,to allege its inde/ructibility1 z ! physici/s d1 is simply to pr$icate an additional prop]ty ( inde/ructible matt]4 ,we may call x =ce--some?+ t con/antly exp5ds itself 9 a mov+ body--b x is utt]ly incapable ( def9ition1 or ( conception ev51 except z x /&s relat$ to su* mov+ body4 ,all ! m>vell\s correlates ( motion1 !re=e1 produc+ su* wond]ful effects ^u matt]1 9 bo? its mol> & molecul> /ates or conditions1 are no?+ m nor less ?an vague & inconclusive inductions1 d]iv$ f premises hav+1 at be/1 no?+ b a relative exi/5ce 9 a univ]se ( mov+ matt]4 ,x w\ld be decid$ly bett] to agree ) ,haeckel1 t matt] is ! only actual exi/5ce1 ?an to pr$icate ( matt] a co-exi/5t & :olly inexplicable some:at1 :]eon to base a purely physical hypo!sis ( life4 ,b let u return f ?is slight digression4 ,! beautiful & purely local f]n 7,s*izoea pusilla7 gr[+ 9 ! p9e b>r5s ( ,new ,j]sey1 af=ds q z conclusive pro( ( ! correctness ( ! ,bible g5esis ( life z ! ph5om5al appe>ance ( ,japan clov] 9 ! ,s\?4 ,x 0 at "o "t suppos$ t ?is mo/ delicate & beautiful ( all our f]ns 0 peculi> to ! ,new ,j]sey p9e b>r5s4 ,b x has be5 asc]ta9$ t x gr[s q z abundantly 9 simil> b>r5s 9 ,new ,zeal&1 :i* are 9 ! s\? temp]ate zone1 at ab\t ! same latitude s\?1 t ^! p9e b>r5s ( ,new ,j]sey occupy 9 ! temp]ate zone nor?4 ,s t1 at :atev] p]iod ?is f]n orig9ally made its appe>ance 9 ei!r locality1 x unque/ionably f\nd ! exact !rmometric1 hygrometric1 telluric1 & o!r conditions necess>y = ! developm5t ( its vital g]ms4 ,take any accurate1 or ev5 half-accurate1 *>t ( plant di/ribution on ! e>?'s surface1 & x w be f\nd t1 ev]y:]e1 "u ! same favor+ conditions1 plants ( ! same g5]a & species make _! appe>ance indep5d5tly ( any kn[n processes ( dissem9ation 9 ! case ( se$s4 ,! di/ribution is n "o ( se$s1 b r ( geographical conditions--!rmometric1 hygrometric1 telluric1 & possibly *emical4 ,& ?is is true ( all vegetation1 :e!r gr[+ 9 ! same plant zones1 9 high latitudes1 at high altitudes1 or "u "o degree ( temp]ature & moi/ure or ano!r4 ,:5ev] ! telluric conditions are ! same or simil>1 9 ! respective localities nam$1 & ! temp]ature & moi/ure correspond1 ! necess>y plant di/ribution foll[s 9 ob$i5ce to ! div9e m&ate--,let ! e>? br+ =?4 ,?is is ! "o uni=m law t gov]ns ev]y:]e1 & ! only "o t acc\nts = all ! div]sifi$ manife/ations ( plant-life1 n[1 z h]et(ore1 tak+ place ^u our globe4 ,& ! same is measurably true ( animal life4 ,x acc\nts = ! appe>ance ( e =m ( life 9 organic infusions2 = ,bact]ia 9 ! blood1 ,torul 9 ! tissues1 pla/ide p>ticles1 morphological cells1 & e o!r vital manife/ation1 f ! smalle/ conceivable unit ( life 9 protaplasmic matt]1 to ! lordlie/ & mo/ defiant =e/ oak t ev] b>$ its arms to ! /orms & tempe/s ( c5turies4 ,a purely mat]iali/ic sci5ce may p]k its head ) an air ( affect$ incr$ulity1 & sup]cili\sly turn aside f ?is hypo!sis1 because x does n %ock our v5]ation = ! ,sacr$ ,scriptures1 b let its special advocates advance "s m consi/5t & rational life-!ory ?an t ( molecul> ma*9]y work$ by molecul> =ce1 or cont5t !mselves1 ) ,dr4 ,gull1 9 confess+ t !y are unable to draw ! fir/ l9e betwe5 liv+ matt] & dead matt]1 z !y absurdly use ^! t]ms4 ,x is conc$$ t mu* extravagant speculation has be5 wa/$ ^u ?is "q ( ! di/ribution ( se$s4 ,! ambition ( ea* new writ] has seem+ly be5 to hit ^u "s new !ory ( di/ribution4 ,! bird !ory is a failure1 z we h %[n2 nor d !y inv>iably fly due ea/ or we/1 s z to supply ! sev]al climatic zones ) _! respective vegetations4 ,! same is true ( ! squirrel !ory1 = ?is nimble little rod5t is z likely to head nor? or s\? z to foll[ ! c\rse ( ! sun2 ! w9d !ory is subject to too _m %ifts & *anges to be acc\nt$ a reliable ag5cy2 ! riv]-&-ocean-curr5t !ories are /ill less satisfactory1 s9ce riv]s fl[ 9 div]se directions1 & ocean curr5ts be> ) safety only _! own aquatic plants2 ! mummy-case !ory is h>dly an accr$it$ ag5cy1 & ! w> !ory is att5d$ ) too mu* de/ruction ( life to be safely reli$ on z cons]v+ ! vital =ces ( nature4 ,! climatic zones1 & high & l[ altitudes1 h /ill to be consult$ to get at ! real causes ( di/ribution1 or su* z conclusively satisfy ! sci5tific m9d4 ,= no s+le plant is really a cosmopolite4 ,!y are simply ! habitats ( _! own sep>ate zones1 except z high altitudes are rea*$1 & climatic & o!r conditions favor ! appe>ance ( su* vegetation z belongs to o!r plant zones4 ,if we w\ld f9d ! m common plants & we$s ( ,new ,engl& 9 ,nor? ,c>ol9a or ,t5nessee1 we mu/ g into ! m\nta9\s regions ( ^? /ates1 at an altitude :i* comp5sates = ! diff]5ce 9 latitude1 & :]e ! influ5c+ conditions ( plant-life are ess5tially ! same4 ,9 su* localities1 we %all f9d ! same h\sehold plants1 g>d5 we$s1 & g5]al vegetation1 z 9 high] nor!rn latitudes1 n because _! se$s h be5 borne ?i!r f ,new ,engl& or else:]e1 b because ! same climatic1 telluric & o!r conditions prevail z 9 ! m nor!rn localities4 ,& ^! conditions are :at det]m9e ! developm5t & gr[? ( local vegetations4 ,& s ( ! alp9e firs1 grasses1 h>ebells1 li*5s1 mosses1 etc4 ,_! se$s h n be5 scatt]$1 by any kn[n ag5cies1 ov] int]v5+ regions1 = ?\s&s ( miles or m1 9 ord] to f9d lodgm5t on ^! l(ty m\nta9 cones2 b1 conditions be+ ! same1 ! same vegetable gr[?s appe>4 ,?is is nature's me?od ( propagat+ vital units & div]sify+ plant-life--geographical conditions ev]y:]e det]m9+ ! prop] di/ribution4 ,b if nature is s prolific ( vital res\rces1 9 ! propagation ( plant-life1 :at ne$ has %e ( natural se$s8 ,we anticipate ?is inquiry only to answ] x2 = we recognize x z a legitimate "o 9 ?is connection4 ,our answ] is t ! se$s are giv5 = ! use ( man1 t he may control & utilize vegetation1 & n h to dep5d on m or less unc]ta9 conditions4 ,agricultural *emi/ry mu/ be c>ri$ to a mu* high] degree ( p]fection ?an x is likely to rea* 9 ! next t5 c5turies at lea/1 to det]m9e :e!r any p>ticul> plat ( gr\nd has be5 *emically balanc$ = ! gr[? ( :eat1 to ! exclusion ( o!r c]eal crops4 ,besides1 ! process ( soil-balanc+ might be altoge!r too exp5sive to be indulg$ 9 by judici\s husb&ry4 ,^! *emical conditions admit ( too _m possible failures1 9 balanc+ ev5 ! smalle/ pat* ( gr\nd1 to ju/ify exp]im5ts 9 ! direction nam$4 ,se$s also subs]ve ! important subsidi>y purpose ( supply+ food = _m birds & animals1 m or less useful to man4 ,b *emi/ry has its limits z to usefulness 9 all human laboratories4 ,z man's wisdom is limit$1 s is 8 p[] ov] ! elem5t>y =ces ( nature conf9$ to v n>r[ b\nd>ies4 ,x is giv5 to him to se>* out _m inv5tions1 & to pry1 ?us f> & no f>!r1 into ! secrets ( nature1 or1 m prop]ly speak+1 into ! secrets ( ,god4 ,!re is no d\bt t if our *emico-molecul> !ori/s respect+ life-ph5om5a1 c\ld produce1 9 _! laboratories1 ! exact int]-ut]9e plasma1 or plasmic conditions1 ( an animal--any animal1 9 fact--& cont9ue ^! conditions dur+ ! prop] p]iod ( ge/ation1 !y might produce life de novo4#ac ,b ! mo/ d>+ physici/ w\ld /& agha/ at ! b>e proposal ( su* an exp]im5t4 ,nei!r 8 k ( *emi/ry1 nor ! pres5t unc]ta9 value atta*+ to molecul> ma*9]y1 w\ld ju/ify him1 = a mom5t1 9 ent]+ ^u su* a purely t5tative & empirical an und]tak+4 ,x is h>dly necess>y to assume t ! same law ( vital =ce gov]ns 9 ! appe>ance & geographical di/ribution ( fungi1 z univ]sally obta9s 9 ! high] & m complex vegetal gr[?s4 ,& al?\gh x may be difficult1 9 "s in/ances1 to draw ! precise l9e betwe5 c]ta9 l[ mycological =ms & ! amoeboid & "s o!r primitive manife/ations ( animal life1 yet all vegetable physiologi/s agree 9 assign+ a purely vegetable orig9 to all ! prim>y gr\ps ( fungi--_! g5]al cellul> "* det]m9+ _! prop] place 9 classification4 ,& 9 all _! ext5d$ family gr\ps1 p]vad+ nature z widely z animal & vegetable life1 we f9d t uni=m *emical & o!r conditions produce uni=m mycological results4 ,spores are no m necess>y = _! appe>ance1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 ?an acorns are ess5tial to ! appe>ance ( an oak =e/ :5 x succe$s ! p9e4 ,:]ev] ! necess>y conditions ( moi/ure & heat are f\nd to obta91 9 connection ) decay$ or decay+ sub/ances1 ! p>ticul> =m ( fungus indicat$ !reby1 :e!r p>asitic or non-p>asitic1 w make its appe>ance4 ,cont9u\sly damp walls1 or wall-pap]1 w produce !m 9 specific v>iety1 n because _! invisible spores are fly+ ab\t 9 ! atmosph]e to f9d appropriate lodgm5t1 b because ! necess>y conditions obta9 = _! manife/ation1 or = ! developm5t ( _! vital units--^? ev]y:]e diffus$1 & ready to burgeon =? f ! prop] matrix1 or f c]ta9 nutri5t conditions to be met ) 9 all vegetable sub/ances1 aft] ! process ( decay has comm5c$4 ,"s ord]s appe> only 9 a s+le matrix1 b ! great] "p ( !m fl\ri% on diff]5t decay+ sub/ances4 ,dr4 ,m4,c4 ,cooke1 9 speak+ ( non-p>asitic fungi1 & especially ( m\lds1 says3 ,x w\ld be f> m difficult to m5tion sub/ances on :i* !y are nev] develop$ ?an to indicate :]e !y h be5 f\nd4 ,! p>asitic fungi1 h[ev]1 g5]ally conf9e !mselves to c]ta9 special plants1 & r>ely to any o!r4 ,x is only ! condition ( ^! special plants1 :5 affect$ by decay1 t seems favorable = _! developm5t2 n because _! spores 7assum+ t all fungi come f spores17 possess ! intellig5ce to fly ab\t & hunt up ! prop] nutri5t matt] on :i* to subsi/ dur+ _! developm5tal progress f specific spores into g5etic =ms ( life4 ,! ru/ or blight ( gra9 is n ! cause1 !re=e1 b r ! result1 ( ! common disease kn[n z blight4 ,)\t "s excess or defici5cy ( absorption & elaboration 9 ! gr[? ( gra9 or plants--some?+ ess5tially di/urb+ _! normal & h>moni\s processes ( developm5t--no mycological =ms w\ld appe> on _! /ems or roots1 nor w\ld !y develop !mselves on _! fad+ leaves or conge/$ & decay+ fruit4 ,to say t !re is any intellig5t pref]5ce 9 ^! fungi--! diff]5t species ( ,mucor1 = in/ance--= disgu/+ (fal ov] decay+ fruit1 bread1 pa/e1 pres]ves1 etc41 is to pr$icate a high] degree ( intellig5ce ( fungus spores ?an ( ! av]age brute creation1 ) all its wond]ful in/9cts = guidance4 ,we might ref] to o!r classes ( fungi develop+ !mselves 9 ! te/a ( h>d se$s1 & 9 ! int]ior ( acorns1 sweet *e/nuts1 etc41--^? 9 :i* !re is no discov]able ext]nal op5+ by ! aid ( ! microscope--to %[ ! absolute absurdity ( ! !ory t ! spores ( fungi1 includ+ ! non-p>asitic & o!r autonom\s m\lds1 g madly =ag+ ab\t ! c\ntry 9 pursuit ( decay+ cocoanuts1 apples1 pe>s1 plums1 oranges1 etc41 & ev5 committ+ _! depr$ations on h]metically cann$ fruits1 ! conceal$ honeycomb ( beehives1 ! pupa ( mo?s1 & :atev] else !y may intellig5tly select z a desirable matrix or habitat4 ,no su* !ory z ?is w /& ! te/ ( ?or\gh rese>* & inve/igation1 9 any mycological direction4 ,fungi ev]y:]e make _! initial appe>ance 9 ! conditions ( decay1 z plants & trees orig9ally make !irs 9 ! environ+ conditions ( vital manife/ation4 ,t our life-giv+ atmosph]e--! pat] omnipot5s !r ( ,virgil1 desc5d+ into ! bosom ( 8 joy\s sp\se 7! e>?7 9 fructify+ %[]s1 & great himself1 m+l+ ) h] great body = ! developm5t ( all ?+s ( life--%\ld be s immeasurably ?rong$ ) dea?-pursu+ fungi t myriads ( _! spores might dance )\t jo/l+ on ! po9t ( a cambric ne$le1 is inf9itely m fanciful ?an ! conceptions ( ! poet1 9 p]sonify+ ! atmosph]e z fa!r !r1 & ! e>? z 8 joy\s sp\se4 ,b life1 ) its p>dlike _s1 beautiful & swift1 has rea*$ its highe/ conceptions 9 ! m9d ( ! poet1 n 9 ! speculations ( ! sci5ti/4 ,:at a m+l$ y>n1 spun f _m-color$ yet invisible ?reads1 is x 9 ! creative m9d ( a ,%akespe>e1 & h[ x looms up into a dome ( _m-color$ glass1 /a9+ ! :ite radiance ( et]nity1 "u ! magic t\* ( a ,%elley6 ,& yet h[ is x dw>f$ d[n to a contemptible piece ( molecul> ma*9]y by ! sci5ti/--"o s utt]ly contemptible 9 its manife/ations t x is ord]$ to take a back seat 9 ?is univ]se ( all-pot5tial matt] & motion6 ,dr4 ,cooke1 9 8 ,h&book ( ,briti% ,fungi1 virtually conc$es t ! spores ( ! l>ge puff-ball 7,lycop]don giganteum71 z well z ^? ( mu%rooms1 truffles1 & o!r edible fungi 7^? ) ^: me?ods ( propagation man is be/ acqua9t$71 may be produc$ artificially4 ,b ! process by :i* _! production is ?us effect$1 is m prop]ly a natural ?an an artificial "o4 ,9 speak+ ( truffle-gr\nds1 he says 7quot+ f ,broome7 t :5ev] a plantation ( bee*1 or bee* & fir1 is made 9 ! *alky di/ricts ( ,salisbury ,pla91 aft] ! lapse ( a few ye>s truffles are produc$1 & t ! plantations cont9ue productive = a p]iod ( f t5 to fifte5 ye>s1 aft] :i* !y cease to be s4 ,no truffle spores 7 plant$ 9 ^! cases1 b ! conditions ( ! soil1 int]lac$ by ! roots & %ad$ by ! bran*es ( ! "y bee* trees1 or ! bee* & fir1 became favorable = ! developm5t ( truffle g]ms1 & !y made _! appe>ance j z mu%rooms d 9 caves & o!r places1 :]e artificial b$s are made & *emically balanc$ = _! developm5t & gr[?4 ,& ! reason :y !y disappe>$1 aft] a p]iod ( t5 or fifte5 ye>s1 0 simply because ! prop] nutrim5t ( ! soil 0 exhau/$1 & n 9 consequ5ce ( its be+ too deeply %ad$ by ! gr[+ trees4 ,"o uni=m rule w\ld seem to gov]n 9 ! culture ( ?is mu*-covet$ fungus4 ,:]ev] ! necess>y environ+ conditions obta91 !y appe>1 & :]ev] ^! conditions fail1 !y disappe>1 not)/&+ ! mo/ p]si/5t ef=ts to save !m by wat]+ ! soil ) fre% infusions ( ! plant4 ,9 pro( ( ?is1 "o =m ( truffle 7,tub] /ivum7 appe>s "u bee* trees1 ano!r =m 7,tub] macrosporum7 "u oak trees1 & /ill a ?ird =m 7,tub] brumale7 "u oaks & :ite popl>s2 %[+ t s slight a *ange 9 soil conditions z t result+ f ! pres5ce ( popl>s among oaks1 produces a v mat]ial *ange 9 ! "* ( ! fungus--"o am\nt+ to a specific diff]5ce 9 v>iety4 ,! process ( artificially produc+ mu%room spores is a v simple "o1 & may be easily foll[$4 ,y h only to collect a quantity ( horse-dropp+s1 m+le ) !m "s common road s&1 place !m "u cov]1 see t !y are well beat5 d[n 9 ord] to prev5t ov]-heat+--turn+ !m occasionally = ! same purpose--& 9 due "t !y w g5]ate suffici5t spores = a doz5 mu%room b$s ( ! ord9>y size4 ,! reason = _! appe>ance is ! same z t gov]n+ truffle spores--!y come :5ev] conditions favor1 t is1 :5ev] ! soil is *emically balanc$ = _! developm5t & gr[?4 ,9 o!r words1 !y come because x is j z impossible = !m n to come1 9 _! prop] environ+ conditions1 z x is = ! e>?1 9 its pres5t cosmical relations1 n to respond to its axial rotation4 ,let ! e>? br+ =? is j z mu* an outspok5 law ( nature1 & "o z inexorably obey$1 z t un]r+ =ce ( gravity :i* l$ ,lev]ri]1 9 ! fai? ( 8 inductions1 to indicate ! precise po9t 9 ! heav5s :]e ! f>-(f planet1 n[ be>+ 8 "n1 might be se5 by ! requir$ telescope4 ,dr4 ,cooke1 quot+ ,mr4 ,cu?ill's directions = produc+ mu%room spores1 says3 ,^! little collections ( horse-dropp+s & road s&1 if kept dry 9 %$1 hole1 or corn]1 "u cov]1 w1 9 a %ort "t1 g5]ate pl5ty ( spawn1 & w be ready to spread on ! surface ( ! b$ 9 e>ly autumn4 ,! collections %\ld1 ( c\rse1 be made 9 ! e>ly summ]4 ,b x is no "p ( our object to indicate1 9 ?is connection1 ! process ( truffle or mu%room culture4 ,we m]ely ref] to ! me?ods to %[ t ! vital units1 or g]m9al pr9ciples ( life1 9 ! case ( fungi1 are j z dep5d5t on conditions = _! developm5t1 z 7 ! primordial g]ms ( ! gigantic cryptogams ( ! c>bonif]\s era4 ,^! primordial g]ms1 or ! ,,zra ( ! ,bible g5esis1 mu/ h prec$$ ! fir/ fung\s gr[?1 z !y prec$$ ! fir/ spore-be>+ cryptogam4 ,m4 ,gasp>91 9 8 report on ! production ( truffles1 made to ! great ,p>is ,exposition ( #ahee1 ref]s to ! natural truffle-gr\nds at ,vaucluse1 :]e ! common oak produces truffles l ! ev]gre5 oak2 al?\gh1 9 o!r localities1 ow+ no d\bt to ! diff]5t conditions ( ! soil1 ^? ga!r$ at ! base ( ! "o species ( oak diff] v mat]ially f ^? ga!r$ at ! base ( ! o!r4 ,all ^! exp]im5tal results1 & _m o!rs we might give 9 connection ) ! culture ( edible fungi1 po9t to ! conditions ( ! soil1 produc$ by natural r ?an artificial means1 z all-ess5tial = ! propagation ( fungus spores1 z well z _! developm5t into full-siz$ plants4 ,! cultivation ( o!r & m9ut] fungi1 = sci5tific purposes1 ne$ n be ref]r$ to 9 ?is connection4 ,! same g5]al obs]vations w be f\nd to apply 9 ! case ( all ! exp]im5ts tri$1 al?\gh "s v curi\s & rem>kable modifications occur :]e pseudospores are to be f\nd 9 ! micelium ( diff]5t plants4 ,ne>ly all ^! fungi h _! own p>asites1 orig9at+ und\bt$ly 9 ! diseas$ conditions ( ! plant f :i* !y d]ive _! nutrim5t4 ,inde$1 all fungi1 :e!r p>asitic or non-p>asitic1 h _! orig91 m or less def9itely occurr+1 9 decay4 ,x is no m true t dea? is a necessity ( life1 ?an t life is an equal necessity ( dea?4 ,z out ( ! dead pa/ spr+s ! et]nally liv+ pres5t1 s f ! muddy ve/ure ( decay spr+ all ! m>vell\s p[]s ( reproduction ) :i* nature 0 end[$ f ! beg9n+4 ,b x is unnecess>y to dwell long] on ! spores ( fungi4 ,z ) ! se$s ( plants & trees1 ^! spores nev] _h an exi/5ce1 & nev] c\ld h _h "o1 be=e ! fir/ indep5d5t fungus appe>$ to produce !m4 ,! fungus be=e ! spore is ! inevitable induction4 ,no di/9ction betwe5 necess>y & cont+5t tru? c ev] take a /rong] hold ?an ?is on ! human m9d4 ,:5ce1 !n1 ! fir/ fungus8 or :5ce1 r1 all ^? colonies1 families1 ord]s1 divisions1 & c\ntless di/9ct individuals1 extant ev]y:]e1 9 ! mycological _w8 ,! answ] we %all give w be anticipat$ f :at we h already s confid5tly affirm$4 ,life comes f ,life1 z _s comes f ,god4 ,& :5 ! _s ( ,god mov$ ^u ! face ( ! dep?s--^u ! face ( all ! e>?--at :atev] /age 9 ! progress ( our planet1 f its orig9al =m to its pres5t myriad-?rong$ condition ( life1 t transc5d5t ev5t occurr$1 ,nature1 z we half-idolatr\sly wor%ip h]1 receiv$ h] fir/ baptism ( life1 & h] solemn consecration z ! vic> ( ,god4 ,no wond]1 !n1 t at t ec/atic mom5t1 :5 ! ineffably bright mantle1 fr+$ ) ! :ite radiance ( et]nity1 fell ^u h]1 ! morn+ />s sang toge!r & all ! sons ( ,god %\t$ = joy4 ,& nature has be5 true to bo? h] baptism & h] consecration4 ,%e claims no wor%ip1 no adoration1 no idolatr\s homage f man1 b cont9ually s5ds up h] et]nal *ant & *oral an!m ( praise to ! great ,giv] ( life4 ,e fl[] ( ! field1 e blade ( grass1 e /ream t mirrors ! heav5s above h]1 e m\nta9 top f :i* %e po9ts an index f+]1 e breeze 9 :i* %e :isp]s1 & e cat>act 9 :i* %e speaks1 all proclaim ! p[]1 ! wisdom1 ! goodness ( ,god--! s\rce ( all life 9 ! univ]se1 f ! m9ute/ spore to all-inv5tive1 s\l-end[$ man4 ,*apt] ,v4 ,plant ,migration & ,int]glacial ,p]iods4 ,among ! lead+ propositions laid d[n by ,ar?ur ,r5frey1 ,esq41 ,f4,r4,s4 etc41 etc41 9 ! able article prep>$ by him = ,! ,physical ,atlas ( ,natural ,ph5om5a1 by ,alex&] ,kei? ,john/on1 ,ed9burg ,edition1 #ahef1 on ,! ,geographical ,di/ribution ( ! mo/ ,important ,plants ,yield+ ,food1 are ! foll[+3-- #a4 ,! prim>y condition ( ! exi/5ce ( any species ( plant1 is its absolute creation1 ( :i* we "k no?+4 #b4 ,b we assume ea* species to h be5 creat$ b once 9 "t & 9 place1 & t its pres5t diffusion is ! result ( its own law ( reproduction "u ! favorable or re/rictive influ5ces ( laws ext]nal to x4#ad #c4 ,! mo/ important ( ext]nal laws are ^? relat+ to climate1 s9ce any species c fl\ri% only )9 n>r[] or wid]1 b always fix$ limits1 ( temp]ature1 humidity etc41 #d4 ,! climate dep5ds prim>ily on latitude1 s9ce ?is indicates di/ance f ! s\rce ( heat1 & ! degree ( obliquity ( ! heat+ rays4 ,!re are o!r gov]n+ conditions1 ( c\rse1 su* z ! av]age ra9-fall1 di/ance f ! equator1 ! elevation above ! sea level 9 ! v>i\s m\nta9 sy/ems ( vegetation1 etc41 includ+ ! hygrometric1 !rmometric1 telluric1 & o!r conditions1 ( ! sev]al localities 9 :i* ! diff]5t species ( vegetation make _! appe>ance4 ,b :y %\ld ?is di/+ui%$ naturali/ insi/ ^u ! specific creation ( ei!r plants or animals8 ,no sci5tific "w ( any p>am\nt value conf9es ! creative p[] ( ! univ]se to su* n>r[ & re/rict$ limits4 ,nor is !re a p>ticle ( evid5ce to be drawn f ! ,bible t ei!r plants or animals prim>ily orig9at$ 9 pairs4 ,let ! e>? br+ =? is a comm& )\t limitation1 or re/riction1 z to "t1 place1 or numb]2 & !re is no reason to d\bt t myriads ( liv+ =ms sw>m$ ev]y:]e1 at fir/ z n[1 9 nature4 ,! idea1 z express$ by ,mr4 ,r5frey1 t !y 7 specifically creat$ at "o "t & place only1 :e!r 9 pairs1 t5s1 tw5ties1 or hundr$s1 is nei!r a rational "o1 nor has x any exp]i5ce-argum5t or sci5tific au?ority on :i* to /&4 ,take1 = in/ance1 an exp]i5ce-argum5t directly 9 po9t3--,:5 ! salt wells 7 fir/ bor$ at ,syracuse1 ,n4,y41 & ! salt wat] 0 suff]$ to fl[ 9 wa/e ov] ! l[ gr\nds ab\t ! salt-works1 ! small sal9e plants peculi> to salt-m>%es 9 ! w>m temp]ate zone made _! appe>ance1 n 9 pairs1 t5s or hundr$s1 b 9 ?\s&s r1 & h n\ri%$ !re ev] s9ce4 ,!y came because conditions favor$2 because a salt-m>% _h be5 artificially produc$ hundr$s ( miles away f ! sea coa/4 ,?is is only "o ( a l>ge numb] ( cases--m ?an we h room to specify 9 ?is connection--%[+ t :]ev] man1 artificially or o!rwise1 produces ! necess>y conditions ( plant-life1 nature responds to ! g]m9al law precisely z %e did millions ( ye>s ago :5 ! fir/ salt-m>% favor$ ! appe>ance ( ^! sal9e plants--su* z gr[ "u no o!r conditions or circum/ances4 ,b ?is idea ( plants com+ prim>ily f a s+le pair ( prog5itors1 & ea* primordial pair bran*+ (f into div]sifi$ (fspr+1 z 9 ! case ( ! cabbage1 assum$ to be ! orig9al ance/or ( all ! turnips & ruta-bagas1 may be an article ( botanical fai?1 b nev] ( exp]im5tal pro(4 ,entia non sunt multiplic&a prt] necessitatem is an old & well-approv$ maxim1 applicable alike to ! c\ntless myriads ( liv+ organisms1 z to ! innum]able cry/all9e =ms to be f\nd ev]y:]e 9 nature4 ,no?+ is produc$ )\t ! necess>y conditions on :i* its production dep5ds4 ,necessity1 9 its primitive signification1 is a t]m ( ! v wide/ mean+1 & mo/ univ]sal application4 ,x applies z well to ! c\rse ( nature z to ! c\rse ( human ev5ts--to ! laws ( vegetable & animal gr[? z to ! inevitable m>* & ord] ( cele/ial movem5ts4 ,z appli$ to any =m ( life-manife/ation x implies a law ( developm5t & gr[?1 z well z ! physiological conditions )\t :i* vital manife/ations are impossible4 ,= law1 9 a physiological s5se1 is t mode ( vital action by :i* effects are inv>iably & inevitably produc$4#ae ,& ?is law is j z dep5d5t on necess>y vital conditions z vital manife/ations are dep5d5t on a physiological law4 ,!re mu/ always be ?is reciprocal dep5d5ce & relation%ip betwe5 condition+ causes & effects4 ,:5ev] & :]ev] ! necess>y vital conditions exi/1 ! physiological law takes effect1 & ! requisite vital manife/ation is witness$4 ,& ?is is no d\bt z true ( animal z ( vegetable life4 ,! e>?'s surface has be5 divid$ into eight sep>ate zones1 ea* ( :i* is di/+ui%$ by its peculi> or *>act]i/ic fauna & flora4 ,_! ord]1 measur$ f ! geographical equator1 is z foll[s2 #a4 ,! ,equatorial ,zone1 ext5d+ f #j to #ae4 #b4 ,tropical #ae #bc4 #c4 ,sub-tropical #bc #cd4 #d4 ,w>m ,temp]ate #cd #de4 #e4 ,cold #de #eh4 #f4 ,sub-arctic #eh #ff4 #g4 ,arctic #ff #gb4 #h4 ,pol> #gb #hb4 ,^! sev]al zones become sixte5 9 numb] :5 consid]$ ) ref]5ce to bo? ! nor!rn & s\!rn hemisph]es4 ,& a l division ( iso!rmals is made 9 ! case ( all our m\nta9 sy/ems1 ext5d+ 9 bo? directions f ! equator4 ,9 asc5d+ our equatorial1 tropical1 & sub-tropical m\nta9s1 we f9d1 ( c\rse1 at _! sev]al bases1 ! temp]ature ( ! zones 9 :i* !y respectively lie2 f two ?\s& to ?ree ?\s& feet1 we rea* ! next high] zone1 & s on1 at ab\t ! same ratio ( altitude1 until we asc5d to ! pol> zone or ! l9e ( p]petual ice & sn[4 ,! peak ( ,t5]iffe1 = in/ance1 lies 9 ! sub-tropical zone1 b1 at ! elevation nam$1 we meet ) ! vegetation :i* *>act]izes ! w>m temp]ate zone4 ,& ?is holds true ( all our m\nta9 sy/ems1 9 all latitudes1 & at all altitudes1 9 all p>ts ( ! globe4 ,!y all pres5t ! same or /rik+ly simil> *>act]i/ics 9 plant life1 ) su* v>iations & modifications only z might be acc\nt$ =1 7 all ! influ5c+ conditions & surr\nd+ circum/ances1 modify+ geographical di/ribution1 kn[n to u4 ,f ! l[e/ to ! highe/ regions 9 :i* vegetation fl\ri%es1 ?is rule1 ) slight exceptions only1 w be f\nd to obta91 & x is 9 ?is direction t ! obs]vations ( ! sci5tific1 z well z practical botani/1 %\ld h]eaft] be ext5d$4 ,humboldt notic$ ?is *>act]i/ic feature ( ! e>?'s vegetation q e>ly 9 8 explorations1 & accord+ly divid$ ! tropical m\nta9s1 z ! e>?'s surface 0 !n divid$1 into ?ree sep>ate zones1 ! tropical1 ! temp]ate1 & ! frigid4 ,b a clos] classification n[ di/+ui%es !m into ! same numb] ( zones z are m>k$1 9 approximate iso!rms1 on ! e>?'s surface4 ,mr4 ,r5frey gives u fur!r /ati/ics ( great value respect+ ^! sev]al plant zones ( ! globe1 all ( :i* fit s admirably into our !ory ( plant-di/ribution1 t we c h>dly see h[ ! mo/ prejudic$ m9d c resi/ ! =ce ( its application4 ,among ! mo/ important ( ^! /ati/ical facts are tables giv+ ! comp>ative ra9-falls 9 ! diff]5t plant zones ( ! old & new worlds1 & ! classes ( vegetation peculi> to ea* ( !m4 ,! ,equatorial zone1 = in/ance1 is *>act]iz$ by extreme luxuriance 9 gr[?1 ow+ no d\bt to ! great heat & abundant moi/ure !re91 & exhibits a vegetation :i* is peculi> to itself1 & :i* c\ld only ?rive "u ! hygrometric1 !rmometric1 telluric1 & o!r conditions ( t ext5sive zone4 ,! ,tropical zones 7^? nor? & s\? ( ! equator7 are *>act]iz$ by a m abundant & div]sifi$ und]wood1 &1 :ile reta9+ "s ( ! equatorial =ms1 pres5t few] p>asites & less rapid & luxuriant gr[?s4 ,!y conta9 _m plants & trees :i* are peculi> to _! own limits1 & ^! are g5]ally ! h>die/ & mo/ abundant4 ,all equatorial =ms disappe> 9 ^! zones1 t is d n pass into ! sub-tropical zones4 ,& ^! *>act]i/ics obta9 9 bo? ! nor!rn & s\!rn tropical zones1 z well z 9 ! m\nta9 sy/ems )9 ! equatorial regions4 ,! ,sub-tropical zones1 :ile reta9+ "s ( ! m m>k$ =ms & g5]al features ( ! tropical zones1 su* z palms1 bananas1 etc41 exhibit ! mo/ /rik+ *>act]i/ics ( _! own1 consi/+ ( a great] abundance ( =e/ trees1 especially ^? hav+ broad1 lea!ry & %9+ leaves1 l ! magnolias1 ! diff]5t species ( laurels1 & plants ( ! myrtle family4 ,! tropical =ms all disappe> 9 ^! zones1 z ! equatorial d 9 ! tropical zones4 ,! ,w>m ,temp]ate zones exhibit ! same disposition to reta9 "s ( ! h>di] & m abundant sub-tropical =ms t *>act]ize ! o!r zones1 9 respect to _! adjo9+ iso!rms4 ,b ! trees & plants peculi> to ?is zone nor?1 7& ! same is no d\bt true ( ! correspond+ zone s\?71 are m num]\s1 & embrace a wid] range ( decidu\s1 z well z ev]gre5 gr[?s4 ,ev]gre5 %rubs1 hea?s1 ci/usses1 & legum9\s plants are ev]y:]e m abundant4 ,! m>k$ *>act]i/ic ( ^! zones is t ! trees1 plants1 & arboresc5t grasses diff] m widely 9 _! g5]al "*1 z well z run m ext5sively into v>ieties4 ,! ,cold ,temp]ate zones reta9 _m ( ! decidu\s trees ( ! w>m temp]ate1 b ) less conspicu\s blossoms1 :ile a /rong] t5d5cy is %[n t[>d social conif]s1 & ! trunks ( ! decidu\s trees are m pr(usely ov]run ) mosses1 li*5s1 etc4 ,^! zones are also abundant 9 grasses4 ,! ,sub-arctic zone nor? l>gely reta9s its hold ^u ! social conif]s1 giv+ place1 nor?w>d1 on ?is cont95t1 z well z 9 ,europe & ,asia1 to bir* & ald]1 alt]nat+ ) will[s :]e ! soil is suffici5tly moi/4 ,gre5 pa/ures are /ill abundant1 & %[y fl[]+ h]bs ab\nd dur+ ! brief spr+1 summ]1 & autumn mon?s4 ,! ,arctic zone reta9s few ( ! sub-arctic =ms & its vegetation g5]ally corresponds to :at we call alp9e %rubs1 grasses1 etc4 ,! ,nor? ,pol> zone %[s few signs ( vegetation & is ?\ght to be entirely devoid ( %rubs4 ,a few small h]baci\s p]5nials ( ! mo/ extreme dw>f habit1 ) a few li*5s & mosses1 con/itute its entire vegetation4 ,!re are "s seem+ exceptions to ^! g5]al /atem5ts respect+ plant-di/ribution1 b !y are h>dly exceptions :5 we consid] ! elevation at :i* any "o species1 z ! bir*es = in/ance1 may appe>1 z !y frequ5tly d1 9 ?ree sev]al zones4 ,f ^! facts1 ga!r$ f ! highe/ au?orities1 & well-atte/$ on all h&s1 :at g5]al conclusions1 if any1 are to be drawn8 ,be=e answ]+ ?is inquiry1 let u proce$ to /ate :at conclusions h be5 drawn4 ,accord+ to all ! au?orities we h exam9$ on ! di/ribution ( plant life2 on ! migration ( plants & animals2 on climate & "t z affect+ ! transf]5ce ( iso!rmal & iso*im5al l9es2 on glacial & int]-glacial p]iods 7) "o important exception only71 ! assumption ma9ta9$ is sub/antially t ( ,mr4 ,r5frey1 t ea* species ( plant & animal 0 creat$ b once 9 "t & place1 & t its pres5t diffusion is ! result ( its own law ( reproduction "u ! favorable or re/rictive influ5ces ( laws ext]nal to x4 ,9 o!r words1 !y insi/ ^u orig9al plant-c5tres1 )\t def9itely /at+ :5 or :]e !y occurr$1 & t f ^! c5tres bo? plants & animals h migrat$ to all p>ts ( ! globe :]e !y n[ appe>1 ev5 cross+ ! equatorial zones :]e !y c\ld n live = a s+le day4 ,?is migration !ory !y attempt to expla9 9 a way t is altoge!r m +5i\s ?an satisfactory4 ,! important exception to :i* we ref] is t ( ,pr(essor ,agassiz1 z report$ by 8 associate pr(essor ( ,h>v>d ,univ]sity1 ,mr4 ,asa ,gray1 9 8 ,essays & ,reviews ,p]ta9+ to ,d>w9ism4 ,9 ?is "w ,pr(essor ,gray says ( 8 late di/+ui%$ associate1 t s f> z he 0 aw>e1 ,pr(essor ,agassiz 0 ! only lead+ naturali/ :o did n take into 8 v conception ( a species1 explicitly or by implication1 ! notion ( a mat]ial connection result+ f ! desc5t ( ! individuals compos+ x f a common /ock1 ( a local orig94 ,& ,pr(essor ,gray adds ?is fur!r te/imony to ! clos5ess ( 8 associate's obs]vations1 9 consid]+ ! v po9t "h "u consid]ation3 ,agassiz :olly elim9ates community ( desc5t f 8 idea ( species1 & ev5 conceives a species to h be5 z num]\s 9 individuals1 & z widely spread ov] space1 or z segregat$ 9 discont9u\s spaces1 f ! fir/ to ! lat] p]iods4 ,& ?is view is und\bt$ly ! correct "o4 ,at all ev5ts1 x entirely h>monizes ) ! facts ( ! biblical g5esis1 & obviates ! necessity ( acc\nt+ = ! appe>ance ( ! same g5]a & species ( plants or animals 9 ! s\!rn z 9 ! nor!rn hemisph]es2 9 fact1 _! appe>ance 9 all p>ts ( ! globe1 9 correspond+ iso!rms1 & "u simil> conditions ( moi/ure & soil-con/itu5ts4 ,:]ev] ! hygrometric1 !rmometric1 telluric1 & o!r conditions favor1 ! class ( vegetation indicat$ by ! pres5ce ( ^! conditions makes its appe>ance1 j z ! fire-we$ makes its appe>ance 9 our w>m temp]ate zone1 n f ! pres5ce ( se$1 b simply ! pres5ce ( conditions--! provision ( man h>moniz+ ) ! prevision ( nature4 ,9 ! same way ! ,japan clov] made its appe>ance1 z ,pr(essor ,?urb] /ates1 all ov] ! s\!rn /ates dur+ ! late civil w>1 n f ! migration ( plants1 b ! pres5ce ( natural conditions4#af ,! num]\s facts we h already giv51 & _m o!rs t might be array$ 9 advocacy ( our position1 tak5 9 connection ) ! g5]al facts "h pres5t$ 9 reg>d to plant-di/ribution1 all po9t directly to climatal & soil conditions z ! real cause ( dissem9ation1 & n to _! migration f cont95t to cont95t1 & across va/ int]v5+ seas & oceans1 z ! !ory ( ,pr(essor ,gray & o!rs w\ld require u to believe4 ,take ! case ( ! ,s*izoea pusilla ( ! ,new ,j]sey p9e b>r5s1 to :i* we h already ref]r$1 gr[+ 9 simil> b>r5s 9 ,new ,zeal&1 & h[ are we to acc\nt = _! antipodal appe>ance ^u ! globe8 ,pr(essor ,?urb] ref]s to ?is plant z a purely local f]n ( ,new ,j]sey1 & says x 0 = a long "t suppos$ to be peculi> to t /ate until x 0 asc]ta9$ t x grew 9 ,new ,zeal&4 ,:e!r ?is plant travell$ f ,new ,zeal& to ,new ,j]sey1 or j\rney$ 9 ! opposite direction1 none ( ^! specific-c5tre g5tlem5 c well in=m u4 ,pr(essor ,agassiz w\ld h said t x might h appe>$1 9 num]\s individuals1 9 bo? localities at ! same "t1 or at diff]5t times1 z conditions favor$2 & ?is w\ld h be5 an exact sci5tific /atem5t1 no d\bt1 ( ! fact4 ,mr4 ,ar?ur ,r5frey1 & ^? :o accept 8 sci5tific =mul1 mu/ insi/ t ?is mo/ beautiful ( all our f]ns 0 su* a favorite *ild ( nature t %e condesc5d$ to create x twice 9 "t & place1 in/ead ( only once4 ,x is a poor rule1 !y may say1 t has no exceptions 9 ph5om5al manife/ation4 ,pr(essor ,gray may insi/ t su* a ph5om5on z ?is requires belief 9 ! sup]natural1 & t migration by ocean-curr5ts is ! m rational !ory ( ! two4 ,b ,m4 ,alphonse de ,c&olle--q z high au?ority z we c quote--has come to ! conclusion t m>9e curr5ts1 & all o!r sugge/$ means ( di/ant transportation1 h play$ only a v small "p 9 ! actual disp]sion ( species1 ev5 across n>r[ *annels & ! ne> arms ( seas4 ,b :y %\ld ! appe>ance ( ?is f]n at opposite po9ts ( ! globe1 ) ?\s&s ( miles ( ocean & cont95t int]v5+1 be any m sup]natural ?an ! pres5ce ( ,bact]ia or ,torul#ag 9 diff]5t organic infusions8 ,if ! vital units ( ^! infusori1 are pres5t 9 exp]im5tal infusion1 z ,pr(essor ,ba/ian virtually admits1 :y may n ! vital g]ms or units ( ?is ,s*izoea pusilla h made _! appe>ance1 9 developm5tal =ms1 bo? 9 ,new ,zeal& & ,new ,j]sey1 at ! same or diff]5t p]iods ( "t8 ,if ,pr(essor ,gray reg>ds ! microscopical =ms 9 organic infusions1 or ! /atical =ms 9 inorganic solutions1 z sup]natural1 or z above ! p[]s ( nature1 !n we h no exceptions to make to 8 position4 ,fir/1 prove t ^! vital manife/ations ( nature are above ! p[]s ) :i* %e has be5 end[$1 or 0 orig9ally end[$ & we w conc$e ! "q ( sup]naturalness1 & drop all exceptions to 8 l9e ( argum5t4 ,:5ev] a dynamic law1 or a /atical1 is f\nd to be uni=mly op]ative "u a giv5 set ( conditions1 we _h suppos$ ! op]ation n to be above ! p[]s ( nature1 b 9 entire accord ) !m1 & h5ce n sup]natural4 ,b let u see into :at an inextricable labyr9? ( difficulty we are l$ by ?is !ory ( plant-migration f ! equatorial to ! sub-arctic zone1 & vice-v]sa1 & ev5 beyond ! equator to ! sub-ant>ctic zone1 & /ill vice v]sa4 ,be=e proce$+ to consid] ! probable duration ( ! sev]al geographical epo*s1 call$ glacial p]iods1 on :i* _! !ory ( plant-migration dep5ds1 or consid]+ ! evid5ce t\*+ ^! glacial p]iods1 we w /ate _! position 9 reg>d to ^! possible migrations z briefly & concisely z we "k h[4 ,mr4 ,d>w9's solution ( ?is problem is ! g5]ally accept$ "o ( ! evolutioni/s1 z well z mo/ ( ! pres5t sci5tific _w4 ,z ! tru?1 or r ! falsity1 ( 8 pet !ory ( evolution dep5d$ on ! satisfactory solution ( ?is vex$ problem1 x became necess>y = him to give 8 be/ & entire m5tal en]gies to ! gigantic task :i* 01 by univ]sal cons5t1 assign$ him4 ,! read] %all see h[ admirably ! !rmal equator is cross$ by ,mr4 ,d>w91 ) 8 va/ sw>ms ( flies1 mosquitoes1 insectivor\s & o!r plants1 =e/ trees1 an?ropoid apes1 & g5]al m5ag]ie ( wild animals1 su* z w\ld gladd5 ! he>t ( ! great ,am]ican %[man beyond ! mo/ extravagant comp>ison4 ,! "q1 be> 9 m9d1 :i* he 0 specially call$ ^u to solve1 0 h[ ! temp]ate =ms nor?--^?1 = in/ance1 ( ! w>m & cold temp]ate zones--manag$ to cross ! !rmal equator1 & invade ! correspond+ zones 9 ! s\!rn hemisph]e2 j z ?\gh !re 0 any m necessity ( det]m9+ ?is "q ?an ! opposite "o1 ( h[ ! s\!rn =ms came to invade ! nor!rn hemisph]e4 ,we w give 8 solution ( ?is problem 9 8 own language1 t we may n be *>g$ ) misrepres5tation4 ,he says1 9 speak+ ( ! glacial p]iods3 ,z ! cold became m & m int5se1 we "k t arctic =ms invad$ ! temp]ate regions2 &1 f ! facts j giv51 !re c h>dly be a d\bt t "s ( ! m vigor\s1 dom9ant1 & wide/-spread temp]ate =ms invad$ ! equatorial l[l&s4 ,! inhabitants 7flora & fauna7 ( ^! hot l[l&s w\ld at ! same "t h migrat$ to ! tropical & sub-tropical regions ( ! s\?2 = ! s\!rn hemisph]e 0 at ?is p]iod w>m]4 ,on ! decl9e ( ! glacial p]iod1 z bo? hemisph]es gradually recov]$ _! =m] temp]atures1 ! nor!rn =ms liv+ on ! l[l&s "u ! equator w\ld h be5 driv5 to _! =m] homes or h be5 de/roy$1 be+ replac$ by ! equatorial =ms return+ f ! s\?4 ,"s1 h[ev]1 ( ! nor!rn temp]ate =ms w\ld almo/ c]ta9ly h asc5d$ any adjo9+ highl&1 :]e1 if suffici5tly l(ty1 !y w\ld h long surviv$1 l ! arctic =ms on ! m\nta9s ( ,europe4 ,9 ! regul> c\rse ( ev5ts ! s\!rn hemisph]e w\ld1 9 its turn1 be subject to a sev]e glacial p]iod1 ) ! nor!rn hemisph]e r5d]$ w>m]2 & !n ! s\!rn temp]ate =ms w\ld invade ! equatorial l[l&s4 ,! nor!rn =ms :i* _h be=e be5 left on ! m\nta9s w\ld n[ desc5d & m+le ) ! s\!rn =ms4 ,^! latt]1 :5 ! w>m? return$1 w\ld return to _! =m] homes1 leav+ "s few species on ! m\nta9s1 & c>ry+ s\?w>d ) !m "s ( ! nor!rn temp]ate =ms1 :i* _h desc5d$ f _! m\nta9 fa/nesses4 ,?us we %\ld h "s few species id5tically ! same 9 ! nor!rn & s\!rn temp]ate zones1 & on ! m\nta9s ( ! int]m$iate tropical regions4 ,we are sorry to spoil s +5i\s a !ory z ?is to acc\nt = plant-migration f ! temp]ate zones nor? to ! correspond+ zones s\?4 ,b 9 spite ( all ! great names :i* w fr[n d[n ^u u 9 ! attempt1 we are oblig$ to demoli% ?is altitud9ess /ructure1 ev5 at ! risk ( its tumbl+ ab\t our own e>s4 ,b fir/ let u lay d[n a few und5iable propositions1 on ! /r5g? ( :i* ?is +5i\s & purely speculative !ory ( ,mr4 ,d>w9 mu/ re/3-- #a4 ,x is univ]sally conc$$ by ! sci5tific _w t ^! glacial epo*s1 h[ev] _m ( !m !re may h be5 9 ! pa/ & h[ev] few !re may be 9 ! future1 dep5d1 = _! occurr5ce1 ^u ! maxima ( ecc5tricity 9 ! e>?'s orbit ab\t ! sun4 #b4 ,! actual am\nt ( heat :i* ! e>? annually receives f ! sun is 9 no way affect$ by ! ecc5tricity ( its orbit4 ,x is a con/ant quantity1 & only unequally di/ribut$ on ! e>?'s surface1 be+ nei!r increas$ nor dim9i%$1 z our w9t]s occur 9 aphelion or p]ihelion4 #c4 ,! actual am\nt ( ice-cap accumulat$ ab\t ! two poles ( ! e>?1 is also a con/ant quantity4 ,& to measure ! sev]ity ( any glacial epo*1 we h only to det]m9e ! exact am\nt ( ice 7n altoge!r an impossible problem7 ab\t ! two poles at any giv5 "t1 & !n det]m9e ! effect ( its entire transf]5ce f "o pole to ! o!r4 #d4 ,x is n probable t ! pres5t ice-cap ( ! s\? pole ext5ds cont9u\sly & p]man5tly mu* f>!r nor? ?an #hj or #ha4 ,mt4 ,erebus1 9 ,victoria ,l&1 lies 9 ab\t ?is latitude1 & x 0 only a few ye>s s9ce t ! coa/ l9e ( t isl& or cont95t 0 trav]s$1 by ,engli% explor+ vessels1 f ,mt4 ,erebus to a po9t "s t5 or twelve degrees fur!r nor?4 #ah #e4 ,b if we e/imate ! s\!rn cap z ext5d+ cont9u\sly to #ge1 :at w\ld be ! effect ( its transf]5ce at once to ! ice-cap ( ! nor? pole8 ,w\ld x ext5d x1 aft] assum+ its prop] glacial slope1 bel[ #fj1 a po9t fall+ )9 ! pres5t sub>ctic zone8 ,! utmo/ limit to :i* ,mr4 ,croll1 9 8 great "w on ,climate & ,"t1 conceives x possible t x %\ld ext5d1 9 any glacial epo*1 is to #ee1 or ab\t ! nor!rn b\nd>y ( ,engl&4 ,n[ unless ! a/ronom]s & physici/s are all at sea ab\t ! causes ( glaciation1 ! w>m temp]ate zone c nev] be pu%$ any fur!r s\? ?an ! tropical zone1 nor ! cold temp]ate any fur!r ?an ! sub-tropical4 ,?is w\ld be ! extreme limit4 ,mr4 ,croll says1 9 speak+ ( ^! glacial p]iods2 ,x is1 ( c\rse1 absurd to suppose t an ice-cap c\ld ev] actually rea* d[n to ! equator4 ,x is probable t ! la/ great ice-cap ( ! glacial epo* n[h]e rea*$ half way to ! equator4 ,our cap 7t ( ,europe7 mu/ !re=e1 t]m9ate at a mod]ately high latitude4 ,& if ! gulf /ream fl[s s\?w>d dur+ ! glacial p]iod nor?1 z he supposes probable1 ! cap on ?is cont95t w\ld probably t]m9ate at ! same mod]ately high latitude4 ,assum+ t ,mr4 ,croll's e/imate is ! m probable "o1 x w\ld only pu% ! cold temp]ate zone d[n to ! l9e ( ! ,gulf ,/ates2 ! w>m temp]ate1 to ! s\!rn l9e ( ,mexico2 ! sub-tropical1 to ! ,c5tral ,am]ican ,/ates1 & ! tropical to ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,columbia1 ,v5ezuela1 & ,guiana4 ,suppose1 !n1 t "s sev5 hundr$ ?\s& ye>s ago1 m or less1 :5 ! ,nor? ,pole _h fully donn$ ! e>?'s ice-cap1 ) all ! iso!rmal & iso*im5al *anges !reby effect$1 :at mu/ h be5 ! l9e ( m>* tak5 by our nor!rn vegetal & animal =ms to escape ! cataclysm ( ice & sn[ !n imp5d+8 ,manife/ly1 !y w\ld h flock$1 fir/ to ! ,gulf /ates1 !n to ,mexico1 & aft]w>ds to ! ,c5tral ,am]ican /ates2 b none ( !m c\ld ev] h be5 cr[d$ ?r\gh ! ,i/hmus ( ,panama1 s9ce at ! height ( ! la/ glaciation1 t portion ( ! cont95t mu/ h be5 ! tropical b>ri] to our nor!rn =ms1 z x is n[ ! equatorial b>ri]4 ,= ! sake ( ! argum5t1 h[ev]1 we w suppose ! nor!rn ice-cap to h be5 ev5 m imp]ative 9 its dem&s ?an ,mr4 ,croll has deem$ possible1 driv+ "s ( our w>m & cold temp]ate =ms d[n into ! l[l&s ( ,columbia1 ,v5ezuela1 etc41 9 ! extreme nor!rn portions ( ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,b h[ w\ld ^! =ms h manag$1 ev5 !n1 to cross ! !rmal equator & secure a p]man5t habitat 9 ! pres5t w>m & cold temp]ate zones ( t cont95t8 ,manife/ly1 ?is "q has nev] be5 practically solv$1 nor is x ev] likely to be 9 our day or g5]ation4 ,x is nev]!less susceptible ( solution1 z ,mr4 ,d>w9 ?9ks1 by easy m5tal processes4 ,we h only to take a bird's eye view ( ! situation1 & m5tally foll[ ^! =ms 9 _! long geographical tramp f ! nor!rn to ! s\!rn hemisph]e4 ,!y mu/ h />t$1 ( c\rse1 "s tw5ty ?\s& ye>s or m be=e ! e>? rea*$ its la/ sup]ior limit ( ecc5tricity4 ,at t di/ant epo* ! sub-arctic breezes mu/ h be5 bl[+ pretty /iffly 9 our pres5t temp]ate latitudes1 & ^! =ms w\ld h be5 con/ra9$1 9 due "t1 to seek a m cong5ial iso!rm4 ,!y mu/ accord+ly h set out on _! exp$ition1 at ab\t ! p]iod indicat$1 ) ! prospect ( a long & t$i\s j\rney be=e !m4 ,"s tw5ty ?\s& ye>s mu/ h transpir$ be=e !y rea*$ ! l9e ( ! pres5t ,gulf /ates1 & x w\ld h tak5 z _m m ye>s = !m to deploy to ! "r & successfully ent] ! ,mexican /ates4 ,9 ano!r tw5ty ?\s& ye>s or s !y might h d\bl$ ,v]a ,cruz1 & head$1 9 a s\!a/]ly direction1 = ! ,c5tral ,am]ican /ates4 ,! !rmal equator w\ld by ?is "t h rea*$ a po9t "s ?irty degrees s\? ( ! geographical equator1 :ile ! nor!rn ice-cap w\ld h swept d[n ^u ! traditional hub ( ! univ]se1 or "s t5 or twelve degrees 9 excess ( ,mr4 ,croll's calculations4 ,to h accompli%$ ?is gr& glaciatorial feat ! ,nor? ,pole mu/ h donn$ "s tw5ty times ! am\nt ( ice n[ ab\t bo? poles ( ! e>?1 & s *ang$ ! e>?'s c5tre ( gravity z to h inundat$ e foot ( l& on its habitable surface4 ,b if ?is t]rible cata/rophy _h be5 avoid$1 & "s ( our extreme nor!rn =ms _h =c$ _! way ?r\gh ! ,i/hmus into ! l[l&s ( ,columbia1 !y mu/ h done s at _! greate/ possible p]il1 ev5 if !y _h rea*$ ! base ( ,old ,mt4 ,tolima 9 advance ( ! !rmal equator1 n[ flee+ 9 dismay be=e ! s\!rn ,ice-mon>*1 ) all 8 iso*im5al ho/s 9 mad pursuit ( _! invad]s4 ,& if ^! adv5tur\s nor!rn =ms _h succe$$ 9 asc5d+ ,mt4 ,tolima1 !y c\ld nev] h got d[n aga91 ) ! assi/ance ( =ty glaciations4 ,b we c imag9e ,mr4 ,d>w9 promptly snat*+ 8 p5 to %[ ! /upidity ( ^! nor!rn =ms 9 n climb+ ,popocatepetl or "s o!r l(ty m\nta9 9 ,c5tral ,am]ica or ,mexico1 on _! retreat be=e ! /ill advanc+ !rmal equator4 ,b h[ ?is w\ld h help$ !m to cross ! geographical equator1 we fail to see4 ,:5 ,mr4 ,d>w91 & ! em95t corps ( geologi/s & physici/s accept+ 8 solution ( ?is vex$ "q1 c make a w>m t]m s\? succe$ a cold t]m nor?1 we %all h no difficulty 9 solv+ ! problem ourself4 ,b1 un=tunately1 ! two t]ms--! cold "o nor? & ! w>m "o s\?--are simultane\s 9 occurr5ce1 & ! same causes :i* =c$ ^! nor!rn invad]s into ! tropics1 :5 !y foll[$ aft] ! !rmal equator1 w\ld h driv5 !m ignom9\sly back aga9 be=e x4 ,! climb+ ( m\nta9s w\ld only h prolong$ _! disa/]4 ,= aft] ! glaciation nor? comes ! glaciation s\?1 & unless our cold temp]ate zone 7 pu%$ d[n beyond ! geographical equator1 none ( its liv+ =ms c\ld ev] h rea*$ ! correspond+ zone 9 ! s\!rn hemisph]e4 ,b z ?is migration !ory is "o ( p>am\nt importance to mod]n sci5ce1 & especially to ,d>w9ism1 #ai di/9ctively s call$1 let u1 at ! risk ( repetition & t$i\sness1 propose a sci5tific exp$ition = ! bett] solution ( ?is problem4 ,to d ?is1 we propose to cut loose f our /upid pr$ecessors1 ! plants & animals1 & invite ,mr4 ,d>w9 & "s ( 8 m di/+ui%$ ,european contempor>ies1 n omitt+ ,pr(essors ,gray1 ,w9*ell1 ,yeomans1 & "s few o!r ,am]ican admir]s ( 81 to accompany u on a fre% exp$ition f ! w>m & cold temp]ate zones nor? to ! correspond+ zones s\?1 purely 9 ! int]e/ ( sci5ce4 ,to make x c]ta9 t ! "t fix$ ^u = ?is exp$ition to />t1 w n escape _! att5tion1 we w /ate :at _m ( !m already well "k1 t ! pres5t ecc5tricity ( ! e>?'s orbit is v l[1 be+ only #j4jafh1 & t1 9 ! ye> ( our ,"l #hea1hjj1 x w rea* its next sup]ior limit1 ) a few int]v5+ oscillations ( su* m9imum value z to r5d] x h>dly wor? our :ile to />t be=e t "t4 ,we %all be oblig$1 ( c\rse to invite our di/+ui%$ ,european p>ty to jo9 u on ?is side ( ! ,atlantic1 z _! own n>r[ & contract$ cont95t furni%es no prop] field = det]m9+ ! problem 9 "q4 ,we %all insi/ ^u "o condition only3 ,t !y %all nev] leave ! w>m temp]ate zone 9 :i* we %all set out on our exp$ition1 except to pass halfway into an adjo9+ zone z is ! habit1 at times1 ) plants & animals4 ,?is condition w h to be rigidly obs]v$1 o!rwise our exp$ition w\ld be ( no sci5tific value to future g5]ations4 ,z we %all h pl5ty ( "t to provide ! necess>y outfit1 we w appo9t ,mr4 ,d>w9 purveyor-g5]al ( ! p>ty1 & hold him responsible = any misadv5ture4 ,we w arrange = ! exp$ition to />t 9 ! e>ly autumn ( ! ye> ( our ,"l #hca1hjj1 or ab\t tw5ty ?\s& ye>s be=e ! e>? %all rea* its next sup]ior limit ( ecc5tricity1--all ( u eag]1 ( c\rse1 to brave ! climatic vicissitudes ( ! j\rney1 & to solve ! great problem ( ! ages1 :i* is1 to det]m9e h[ ! gigantic elephantoids ( ! ,eoc5e p]iod manag$ to cross ! !rmal equator1 & pass into ! pres5t arctic regions ( our globe4 ,z ! k+ nev] dies1 s ! old s\!rn ,ice-mon>* w be succe$$ by ! "y nor!rn "o1 at ab\t ! p]iod nam$4 ,we %all !n h a decid$ advantage ov] our pr$ecessors1 ! plants & animals1 9 _! j\rney s\?w>d1 s9ce we %all "k ! exact r\te !y took1 & ne$ only foll[ x4 ,presumably !y _h no su* in=mation1 nor _h !y ei!r *>t or compass to guide !m1--a circum/ance :i* ,mr4 ,d>w9 has n suffici5tly tak5 into acc\nt 9 pr$icat+ intellig5ce ( 8 favorite p$e/rians4 ,besides1 ^! vegetal & animal =ms _h "o difficulty to enc\nt] :i* we %all n exp]i5ce4 ,) all ! nor!rn =ms driv5 d[n into ! ,c5tral ,am]ican /ates1 !y mu/ h be5 sadly cr[d$ = room1 especially ne> ! ,i/hmus4 ,! social conif]s mu/ h monopoliz$ all ! m favor$ sites on ! m\nta9 sides & tops1 :ile ! humbl] d5iz5s ( ! =e/ mu/ h cont5t$ !mselves ) /ill m limit$ qu>t]s4 ,! m impati5t animals1 = lack ( necess>y =age1 mu/ h cr[d$ ?r\gh ! ,i/hmus only to be driv5 back by ! tropical heats to _! prop] iso!rms4 ,b our w>m temp]ate zone is n[ mov+ s\?w>d1 & our sci5tific exp$ition is mov+ ) x4 ,! nor!rn ,ice-mon>* has resum$ absolute sway1 & our aphelion di/ance f ! sun has increas$ "s t5s millions ( miles4 ,we h1 9 ! mean "t1 mov$ d[n to ! l9e ( ! ,gulf /ates1 & are deploy+ to ! "r 9 ord] to make a triumphant entry into ,mexico4 ,mr4 ,d>w9 is daily consult+ ! iso*im5als1 & is confid5t t our nor!rn ice-cap w equal ,mr4 ,croll's highe/ expectations4 ,! news f9ally rea*es u t ! ,gulf /ream has turn$ its c\rse s\?w>d1 & is n[ p\r+ its imm5se treasures ( heat into ! ,s\? ,atlantic1 if n turn+ ! ,african horn & wa%+ ! f>-(f ,au/ralian coa/4 ,?is fact greatly increases ! en?usiasm ( our ,european p>ty1 & !y ha/5 =w>d into ! sub-tropical zone1 almo/ violat+ conditions 9 _! ha/e to ent] ! tropics4 ,at l5g?1 we cr[d ! n>r[ passages ( ! ,i/hmus1 & ! glory ( a w>m temp]ate climate bur/s ^u our view 9 ! ,columbian /ates1 ( ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,! exp$ition promises to be an entire success4 ,at lea/1 ,mr4 ,d>w9 ?9ks s1 & he is n[ ! ,sir ,oracle ( our p>ty4 ,we delib]ately ent] ! l[l&s ( ,columbia1 & make ready to asc5d ! sub-tropical m\nta9s--^? =m]ly equatorial--:]e ! great sci5tific problem ( ! ages is to be demon/rat$4 ,b we are measur+ "t by almo/ ,sirius di/ances1 & va/ geologic p]iods sweep by )\t app>5t record4 ,! nor!rn ice-cap has be5 a prodigi\s "o1 cr[d+ u ne>ly d[n to ! geographical equator1 ) ! advantage we h ( appropriat+ "s five & half degrees ( ! sub-tropical zone4 ,b ! ye> ,anno ,dom9i #hea1hjj f9ally rolls r\nd1 & ! maximum ( ! e>?'s ice-cap is rea*$4 ,old ,mt4 ,tolima looms up 9 ! di/ance1 & we soon asc]ta9 t its height is suffici5t = all sci5tific purposes4 ,its summit displays a glitt]+ ice-cap1 & we are c]ta9 to f9d ! prop] iso!rm by climb+ its umbrage\s sides4 ,we accord+ly make ha/e to rea* its base1 & get !re n a m9ute too soon2 = ! "y s\!rn ,ice-mon>* has /ol5 a m>* on ! !rmal equator1 & is driv+ x irresi/ibly back to its old qu>t]s4 ,8 m>* nor?w>d is a cont9u\s triumph & ovation up to #ee1 & ! he>t ( ,patagonia is made glad by 8 ne> approa*4 ,true1 ! :ite gates ( comm]ce are clos$ ab\t ! ,horn2 b t is no conc]n ( ^! wild ,patagonians4 ,! aggressive ,britton is driv5 out ( ,new ,zeal&1 & t is ano!r s\rce ( joy to ! savage brea/4 ,tasmania w\ld ext5d a gladd] welcome ?an all to ! ,ice-cr[n$ mon>*1 b alas1 n a drop ( ,tasmanian blood runs 9 human ve9s6 ,cape ,good ,hope has n[ a sub-arctic climate1 & ! he>t ( ! wild ,kaffir & ,zulu rejoices t ! sceptre ( p]fidi\s ,albion is brok54 ,! !rmal equator at l5g? rea*es ! base ( ,mt4 ,tolima1 & ha/5s nor?w>d to ! ,i/hmus1 & !nce to ,hondurus & ,new ,guatemala1 :]e1 by %e] =ce ( exhau/ion1 x comes to a halt4 ,b1 z ! equatorial zone ext5ds fifte5 degrees bo? ways f ! !rmal equator1 its s\!rn limit n[ re/s on ! geographical equator1 & accord+ly encircles ! base ( our m\nt ( refuge4 ,we are n[ up ?is m\nta9 "s sixte5 ?\s& feet above ! equatorial l[l&s1 ) ! sub-tropical1 tropical1 & equatorial zones betwe5 u & ! possibility ( our fur!r migration s\?w>d1 )\t violat+ ! express conditions impos$ at ! outset ( our exp$ition4 ,! fact soon />es u 9 ! face t we h be5 no m successful1 9 our ef=ts to cross ! !rmal equator & pass into high s\!rn latitudes1 ?an ! /upid plants & animals be=e u2 & ,mr ,d>w9's fai? 9 high m\nta9s spr++ f equatorial l[l&s1 disappe>s 9 je/ & d]ision z we all good-humor$ly agree to break conditions1 & f9d our way back to ! c5tres ( activity & trade 9 ! ,old & ,new ,worlds1 leav+ ! great sci5tific problem ( ! ages to solve itself z be/ x may4 ,we accord+ly desc5d f our m\nta9 fa/ness1 ha/5 to ! coa/1 & take passage by /eam] to ,manhattan1 ! great comm]cial metropolis ( ! _w4 ,"h we f9d t ! b>omet] ( ex*ange 0 long ago tak5 d[n 9 ,london & hung up 9 ,new ,york4 ,! ,old ,antiqu>ian ,society rooms are ! fir/ object ( int]e/ s\ght by u4 ,on mak+ our way ?i!r we look = a copy ( ! ,h]ald1 ( ! date ( our dep>ture1 9 :i* we f9d an acc\nt ( ! sci5tific exp$ition fitt$ out by u1 faceti\sly t]m$ ,! ,great ,wild-,goose ,*ase aft] ! ,!rmal ,equator--pres5t+ "o ( ! mo/ humor\s bits ( s5sational pleasantry ev] giv5 to ! ,am]ican public4 ,b an apology is due ! /aid] read] = ! seem+ levity ( ?is n>rative adv5ture4 ,! exposition ( ,mr4 ,d>w91 ?\gh widely accept$ on bo? sides ( ! ,atlantic by ! sci5tific _w1 has seem$ to u too trivial = s]i\s reply4 ,if we h leap$ ov] va/ p]iods ( "t1 x makes no diff]5ce ) ! argum5t4 ,s long z ! !rmal equator1 or m prop]ly ! equatorial zone1 or any "p ( x1 lies betwe5 ! w>m or cold temp]ate =ms1 :e!r plants or animals1 & _! po9t ( de/9ation 9 ! s\!rn hemisph]e1 !y c nev] migrate ?i!r1 any m ?an ! "r :ale ( ! arctic seas c swim ! equatorial oceans4 ,no?+ is ga9$ by go+ out ( ! way to climb m\nta9s1 except to hopelessly ret>d ! return ( bo? plants & animals to _! native zones4 ,if we h n demon/rat$ ?is fact to ! read]'s fulle/ compreh5sion1 x w be useless = him ev] to write a ,q4,e4,d4 at ! end ( any proposition4 ,x is true t "s em95t a/ronom]s & physici/s hesitate to accept ! !ory t ^! glacial epo*s are due to ! ecc5tricity ( ! e>?'s orbit4 ,b ! argum5t favor+ x is well =tifi$ & ably advanc$1 & if we add to ! a/ronomical consid]ations involv$1 ! physical pro(s ( a *ange 9 ! e>?'s c5tre ( gravity1 caus$ by ! excessive accumulation ( ice ab\t ei!r pole1 & ! probable %ift+ ( ! ,gulf /ream to a s\!rly direction dur+ ! glacial p]iod nor?1 x is difficult to resi/ ! conviction t ! real cause ( glaciation has be5 sugge/$ 9 ?is !ory4 ,) all ! ice n[ accumulat$ ab\t ! s\? pole transf]r$ to ! nor? pole1 x w\ld make an ice-cap ( ov] ?irty miles 9 ?ickness at ! pole1 & "o slop+ 9 all directions s\?w>d to ab\t #fj4 ,?is accumulation1 x is claim$1 w\ld s *ange ! e>?'s c5tre ( gravity z to cause all ! equatorial w>m wat]s to fl[ s\?w>d in/ead ( nor?w>d1 z !y n[ d4 ,?is w\ld c]ta9ly seem to be a mo/ wond]ful provision ( nature1 z well z "o /rongly calculat$ to impress ! human m9d ) ! belief t an ,inf9ite ,prevision lies beh9d all possible provision1 :e!r witness$ 9 ! heav5s or 9 ! e>?1 9 a/ronomical or physical ph5om5a4 ,ev]y:]e we see inf9ite p]fection1 comb9$ ) inf9ite b5efic5ce1 9 ! adaptation ( means to ends4 ,no?+ runs to wa/e--all ?+s are cons]v$ = use4 ,b 9 all ! outspok5 gr&eur ( ! univ]se1 !re is no?+ s gr&1 9 exhibition at lea/1 z ! simple fai? ( a *ild1 t ,he :o wat]e? ! hills f 8 *amb]s1 & cause? ! day-spr+ to "k 8 place1 w wat* ov] ! tru/ful little sleep] dur+ ! d>kness & sil5ce ( ! night4 ,*apt] ,,vi4 ,! ,di/ribution & ,preman5ce ( ,species4 ,pr(essor ,gray1 9 8 address be=e ! ,am]ican ,association = ! advancem5t ( sci5ce1 deliv]$ at ,dubuque 7,ia47 9 #ahgb1 :ile rem>k+ ^u ! wide ext5t ( simil> flora 9 ! same plant zones1 says3 ,if we n[ comp>e1 z to _! flora g5]ally1 ! ,atlantic ,unit$ ,/ates ) ,japan1 ,mant*ooria & ,nor!rn ,*9a1--i4e4 ,ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ica ) ,ea/]n ,nor? ,asia--half ! e>?'s circumf]5ce ap>t1 we f9d an a/oni%+ simil>ity4 ,b :y a/oni%+8 ,_h our di/+ui%$ botanical pr(essors1 9 ?is c\ntry & 9 ,europe1 ?or\ghly in=m$ !mselves z to ! climatic conditions1 ! g5]al physical features1 geographical *>act]i/ics1 soil-con/itu5ts1 & o!r conditional incid5ces ( ?is ,asiatic region1 9 ! light ( all ! physiological facts be=e !m1 ! circum/ance ( ?is great simil>ity ( flora w\ld h be5 any?+ b a/oni%+4 ,inde$1 ! a/oni%m5t1 if any1 w\ld h be5 express$ at ! want ( simil>ity1 _h x be5 f\nd to exi/4 ,ev] s9ce #ahfb1 ^! di/+ui%$ pr(essors h _h ! great plant-*>ts ( ,mr4 ,ar?ur ,r5frey be=e !m1 ) ! w>m temp]ate zone nor? accurately laid d[n 9 its prop] iso!rms1 z well z ! diff]5t classes ( vegetation peculi> to ! two regions ref]r$ to1 & "s g5]al conclusions ( value to sci5ce might h be5 drawn !refrom4 ,besides1 ! fact ( ^! simil> antipodal flora 0 well kn[n to _m ( !m be=e ?is *>t 0 issu$4 ,!y also knew t all along ! high] m\nta9 ranges ( ?is c\ntry1 z well z 9 ,europe1 ! same alp9e flora 0 to be f\nd "u ! same or simil> alp9e conditions4 ,f ,mt4 ,/4 ,elias1 9 ,alaska1 to ! ,c5tral ,am]ican ,/ates1 & !nce1 ?r\gh ! ,i/hmus1 to ! s\!rn extremity ( ! ,&es 9 ,s\? ,patagonia1 !re is "o unbrok5 l9e ( alp9e vegetation press+ ! sides or summits ( ! l(ti] m\nta9 ranges1 at altitudes correspond+ly v>y+ ) ! latitudes 9 :i* !y occur4 ,& ! same is true ( ! ,alps 9 ,europe & ! ,himalaya ranges 9 ,asia1 if n ( all ! m\nta9 sy/ems ( ! globe4 ,^!1 & hundr$s ( o!r equally sugge/ive facts1 all po9t+ to geographical1 climatic1 & o!r influ5c+ conditions1 z ! real objective po9ts ( inquiry1 h be5 con/antly be=e our botanical fri5ds2 & yet !y h be5 cont5t ) ,mr4 ,d>w9's !ory ( climb+ m\nta9s to cross ! geographical equator1 "u ! impression t an enorm\s ice-cap1 or r prodigi\s ice-ul/]1 w\ld ultimately drift !m into ! s\!rn hemisph]e1 or enable !m to coa/ _! way ?i!r ) ! greate/ imag9able ease4 ,b :y insi/ ^u ! migration ( plants gr[+ 9 ! l[l&s & ab\t ! bases & sides ( m\nta9s1 & n sugge/ "s means ( transport = ! equally beautiful flora1 kn[n z alp9e1 on ! m\nta9 summits ( ! e>?8 ,^! are di/ribut$1 z we h be=e %[n1 ov] all our m\nta9 sy/ems1 9 all latitudes & 9 all p>ts ( ! globe1 z well z 9 ! high] regions ( vegetation z we approa* ! nor? pole4 ,surely1 ! delicate little h>ebells ( ^! alp9e regions %\ld attract "s int]e/1 if n sympa?y1 f ^? :o are con/antly hunt+ up means ( transport = ! m h>dy & robu/ plants t seem able to take c>e ( !mselves almo/ any:]e4 ,:5 ! next great ice-cap %all sweep d[n f ! nor? pole ^u ^! beautiful alp9e fl[]s !y w h to travel some:]e4 ,!re is manife/ly z mu* necessity = !m to get out ( ! way z = ! re/ ( ! flora4 ,h[ w !y manage to get d[n ! m\nta9s into ! l[l&s1 & trav]se uncong5ial pla9s & des]ts1 to f9d o!r & f>-di/ant alp9e homes8 ,!y c nev]1 ( c\rse1 get v f> away f ! regions skirt$ by et]nal fro/1 = _! cup ( joy mu/ be *alic$ by ! sn[-flake1 or _! beautiful life is soon end$4 ,b if all our alp9e flora h travel$ f "o evolutional c5tre1 or h be5 creat$ b once 9 "t & place1 h[ h !y manag$ to cross ! !rmal equator & spread !mselves out ov] all ! alp9e regions ( ! globe8 ,we call ^u ,mr4 ,d>w9 & ,pr(essor ,gray to rise & expla94 ,n t we want any explanation1 b t _! !ory ( plant-migration /&s sadly 9 ne$ ( "o4 ,! !ory :i* ! ,bible g5esis sugge/s to u is fully adequate to ! explanation want$4 ,x expla9s n only :y ^! alp9e flora appe> :]e !y d1 b :y !y _c appe> any:]e else4 ,x also expla9s all ! physiological facts to :i* we h ref]r$ 9 ! =ego+ *apt]s4 ,:]ev] ! necess>y alp9e conditions exi/ ! e>? responds to ! div9e comm&1 & ! beautiful little alp9e h>ebell is cradl$ into life1 & rejoices 9 ! bright embroid]y x we>s4 ,& s1 :]ev] /reams are turn$ aside to fl[ ?r\gh new meads & %elt]$ woods1 or ov] brok5 & swaly places :]e c[slips nev] grew be=e1 h>dly a ye> w pass be=e ?is wan fl[] w hang !re9 its p5sive head1 :ile all along ! l9e ( ! /ream ! black ald] w make its appe>ance 9 ! l[l&s1 no matt] h[ f> its curr5t may be div]t$ f its orig9al *annel1 or h[ di/ant ! supply ( natural se$s4 ,= nature's /]ne/ pa9t] c only del9eate h] z in/9ct ) music & ! vital sp>k4 ,if our botanical pr(essors w\ld come =? into ! true light ( nature1 !y %\ld accept ! position ( pupil to h]1 & n ass]t t ( tea*]4 ,s long z !y cont9ue to peep & botanize ^u h] grave1 or ov] anci5t m\nds & ,hadrianic tumuli1 !y w nev] f9d out ! cunn+ ( h] processes1 mu* less ! means %e employs to accompli% h] p]fect$ ends4 ,?is mod]n idolatry ( hypo!ses1 ) our *ronic neglect ( :at nature does1 is ! great sci5tific /umbl+-block ( ! age 9 :i* we live4 ,our botani/s all agree t c]ta9 plants & trees disappe>--hopelessly die out--f ! abs5ce ( necess>y conditions2 :5 w !y come to recognize ! rev]se ( ?is und5iable proposition1 & agree t ! pres5ce ( necess>y conditions may cause ! same plants & trees to make _! appe>ance1 t is1 spr+ into life 9 ob$i5ce to "s great primal law1 z un]r+ly obey$ by nature z ! attractive =ce ( ! univ]se itself8 ,= ne>ly half a c5tury ! fact has be5 kn[n t ! geographical di/ribution ( ! ,european flora1 & especially t ( ! ,briti% ,isl&s1 0 ref]able to latitude1 elevation1 & climatic conditions4 ,z e>ly z #ahce1 ,mr4 ,hewett ,watson1 a well-kn[n botani/ ( t day1 9 8 publi%$ ,rem>ks on ! ,geographical ,di/ribution ( ,plants1 9 connection ) ,latitude1 ,elevation1 & ,climate1 drew ! att5tion ( ! botanical _w to ?is rem>kable feature ( plant di/ribution2 :ile ! late ,pr(essor ,edw>d ,=bes pursu$ ! same l9e ( ?\ght 9 8 attempt to %[ h[ geographical *anges _h affect$ plant areas 9 ,great ,brita9 z f> back z ! la/ glacial drift4 ,& yet all our botanical writ]s h be5 /eadily p]si/+ on imm5se plant-migrations to acc\nt = _! geographical di/ribution1 & h giv5 u maps )\t numb] to %[ h[ ! vegetal ho/s h trav]s$ va/ cont95ts1 swam multitud9\s seas1 brav$ ! fi]y equator1 & scal$ ! summits ( ! l(tie/ ,&es4 ,9 ! mean "t1 no botani/ ( any di/+ui%$ note1 except ,m4 ,de ,c&olle1 has confid5tly v5tur$ to "q ?is migration !ory1 s impos+ & =midable has be5 ! array ( names :i* h fr[n$ d[n1 l s _m gigantic ghauts1 ^u ! audaci\s que/ion]4 ,b ! pres5t actual /ate ( k on ?is subject =bids u any long] to accept !ories = facts1 premises = conclusions1 or fallaci\s reason+ = legitimate induction4 ,tru? & daylight nev] meet 9 a corn]1 & no "o1 9 our day1 ne$ g to ! bottom ( a well 9 se>* ( ei!r4 ,we are =ev] /umbl+ ov] ! tru? )\t kn[+ x1 because our old traditional beliefs1 l s _m sup]annuat$ gras%opp]s1 are con/antly spr++ up 9 our pa? & div]t+ our att5tion f h]4 ,!re are physiological facts en\gh daily obtrud+ !mselves ^u our att5tion1 if we w\ld b notice !m1 9 ! case ( wayside plants1 g>d5 & h\sehold we$s1 & ! m aggressive vegetation ( worn out pa/ure-l&s1 to satisfy u ( ! tru? ( our !ory1 7 x n = ! sw>ms ( ^! old traditional gras%opp]s cont9ually ris+ into ! air be=e u1 & %utt+ out ! tru? z x is 9 nature4 ,& ! wor/ feature ab\t ?is :ole bus9ess is1 t we h come to reg>d ^! multitud9\s insects z a delight in/ead ( a burd54 ,b x is h>dly necess>y to pursue ?is subject fur!r4 ,we h %[n1 or %all %[ 9 ! succe$+ pages1 t all cry/all9e =ms come f necess>y or favor+ /atical conditions2 t all infusorial =ms come 9 ! same way1 only _! conditions may be said to be dynamical r ?an /atical2 t all mycological =ms 7fungi7 are dep5d5t1 = _! prim>y manife/ation1 on conditions ( moi/ure & decay2 t all plant-life1 f ! l[e/ cryptogam to ! lordlie/ conif]1 is dep5d5t on "s simil> incid5ce ( conditions2 t ! ma/odon1 n[ only kn[n by 8 fossil rema9s1 mu/ h wall[$ =? f 8 necess>y mire 7plasmic conditions7 9 ! ,eoc5e p]iod2 & t all animal life mu/ h come f "s und]ly+ law ( primordial conditions1 z impress$ ^u matt]1 9 h>mony ) ! ,div9e ,int5dm5t f ! beg9n+2 & t ?is law is /ill op]ative 9 ! production ( new =ms ( life :5ev] & :]ev] ! same may appe>4 ,we %all also %[ t all liv+ organisms1 su* z se$s1 fungus-spores1 morphological cells1 etc41 p]i% at a temp]ature ( ab\t #ajj ,c41 & t ,bact]ia1 ,torul1 & o!r infusorial =ms1 mak+ _! appe>ance 9 sup]-heat$ flasks1 orig9ate n f morphological cells1 pla/ide p>ticles1 biopla/s1 or any o!r vital organism1 b f inde/ructible vital units1 :i* are ev]y:]e pres5t 9 ! organic matt] ( our globe1 & ready to burgeon =? into life :5ev] ! necess>y vital conditions exi/1 & ! prop] incid5ces ( environm5t occur4 ,we h also %[n t ! e>? /ill obeys ! div9e comm& to br+ =?1 or--if objection be made to ?is =m ( /atem5t z unsci5tific--/ill obeys "s inexorable und]ly+ law tantam\nt to su* comm&1 & c no m help br++ =?1 :5 ! necess>y telluric conditions favor1 ?an ! cold c help com+ out ( ! nor?1 or ! cl\ds dropp+ ra91 :5 ! necess>y meteorological conditions occur4 ,give ! future ,am]ican botani/ ! physical geography ( a c\ntry--its av]age ra9-fall1 temp]ature1 etc41 & ! plant zone 9 :i* x lies1 &1 :e!r explor$ or unexplor$1 he w give u ! g5]al "* ( its vegetation1 & "n mo/ ( ! plants & trees peculi> to its soil4 ,& he w d ?is1 n because he has any fai? 9 ! pres5t !ories ( plant-migration1 nor 9 ! necess>y di/ribution ( se$s1 b because he w /udy 8 favorite sci5ce ) ref]5ce to latitude1 elevation1 climate1 physical *>act]i/ics1 ra9-fall1 soil-con/itu5ts1 & o!r influ5c+ conditions ( plant-life4 ,b we w n[ proce$ to consid] ! duration ( vegetable species1 = ! purpose ( %[+ t ! evolutional *anges !y are und]go+1 if any1 mu/ cov] inf9itely va/] p]iods ( "t ?an we h any data = det]m9+1 to say no?+ ( ! unv]ifi$ !ories ! evolutioni/s h be5 sp9n+ = u4 ,our geologic & paleontologic records are becom+ ri*] 9 mat]ials1 m int]e/+ 9 details1 & m au!ntic 9 "*1 e ye>4 ,we are turn+ back page aft] page ( ^! li?ographic records1 only to f9d ! doma9 ( sci5ce wid5$ & deep5$ 9 int]e/ z we advance1 or z our rocks are be+ excavat$1 our m\nta9s tunnel$1 our va/ m9es explor$1 & ! b$s ( our riv]s & arms ( seas ?or\ghf>$ & trav]s$ by ! iron rail4 ,mean:ile1 sci5ce exhibits signs ( becom+ less devot$ to new-fangl$ !ories1 m exact+ 9 h] dem&s ^u h] vot>ies1 & m eag] to ext5d ! doma9 ( facts z ! only true basis on :i* to re/ h] claims = future recognition4 ,%e is less dogmatic to-day ?an %e 0 a ye> ago1 & is likely to become less s a ye> h5ce ?an n[4 ,& ?is is l>gely due to h] me?ods ( rese>* & inquiry4 ,%e is n[ ev]y:]e s5d+ out h] h>di] & m en?usia/ic sons into new fields ( exploration1 to return lad5 ) ampl] mat]ials to build1 & ri*] treasures to adorn1 a temple wor?y ( h] "n4 ,9 ! field ( ! fossiliz$ fauna & flora1 ^! treasures are ( ! highe/ value & int]e/1 all indicat+ n only wide areas ( di/ribution1 b imm5se p]iods ( "t1 9 :i* species h exi/$ )\t any great] *anges 9 "* ?an ! necess>y %ad+s into v>ieties w\ld seem to require4 ,= nature ev]y:]e *>act]izes h] me?ods ( production & reproduction by a lov+ t5d5cy to div]sify & v>i\sly adorn h] species1 z if to express ! inf9ite conceptions ( t p[] above h]1 :i* spake & x 0 done1 :i* comm&$ & x 0 br\ght =?4 ,f ! fossiliz$ plants ( ,atanek]dluk--a flora ri* 9 species & wond]fully pres]v$ 9 type--& ! ,mioc5e flora ( ,spitz5burg1 to ! s\!rnmo/ limits ( vegetation on ! globe1 sci5ce has rea*$ out h] h&s = mat]ials1 & ga!r$ !m ) z mu* success z avidity4 ,& all sci5tific botani/s agree 9 ref]r+ ^! fossiliz$ =ms f ! high nor!rn latitudes1 to ! ,mioc5e p]iod--"o s remote t we c =m no adequate conception ( x1 except z "t may be measur$ by geologic p]iods4 ,& ^! mat]ials %[ t v>ieties ( ! ,sequoia1 ! tulip-tree1 oaks1 bee*es1 walnuts1 firs1 popl>s1 hazelnuts1 etc41 etc41 all fl\ri%$ 9 ^! sub-arctic regions dur+ ! f>-di/ant p]iod we h nam$4 ,_m ( !m mu/ h gr[n on ! spot :]e _! trunks are n[ to be f\nd1 z _! roots rema9 undi/urb$ 9 ! soil1 z well z at a "t :5 ^! regions enjoy$ a w>m or cold temp]ate climate4 ,_m ( ^! fossiliz$ & c>boniz$ =ms are id5tical ) ! liv+ species ( to-day1 conclusively %[+ t nei!r natural v>iation1 nor any second>y causes1 h work$ out any *anges capable ( be+ sci5tifically express$ 9 g5etic value4 ,!re is also abundant evid5ce to %[ t _m ( ! pres5t tropical =ms fl\ri%$ 9 c5tral & s\!rn ,europe z f> back z ! w>m int]-glacial epo* 9 ! ,eoc5e p]iod4 ,& if ^! int]-glacial p]iods occurr$ at ! l[e/ m9imum limits ( ecc5tricity 9 ! e>?'s orbit1 z calculat$ by ,lev]ri]'s =mul1 we c h no conception :atev] ( ! l5g? ( "t actually int]v5+ ! p]iod nam$ & our pres5t era4 ,mr4 ,croll has giv5 u ! limits ( highe/ glaciation cov]+ ! la/ ?ree million ye>s1 & %[s t !re h be5 b two p]iods ( sup]ior ecc5tricity 9 t "t1 & c be only "o 9 ! next million ye>s1 ) b two or ?ree int]v5+ maxima & m9ima t may1 or may n h be51 ( any special value4 ,x is true t he assigns importance to ^! maxima1 z affect+ possible glaciations1 b !re are o!r em95t a/ronom]s & physici/s :o diff] f him1 & really atta* little or no importance to ^! ( any o!r int]v5+ p]iods ( ecc5tricity4 ,if ,mr4 ,croll is correct 9 8 !ory & e/imates1 we mu/ sep>ate ^! sup]ior glacial epo*s by an int]val ( n less ?an "o million sev5 hundr$ ?\s& ye>s2 & ne>ly ?ree ( ^! p]iods mu/ h int]v5$ s9ce "s ( ! pres5t tropical =ms fl\ri%$ 9 ,europe4 ,& if ^! =ms h und]gone no specific *ange 9 all ?is "t1 h[ _m ye>s w x require to "w out ev5 "o ( ,mr4 ,d>w9's _m evolutional *anges8 ,! k9%ip betwe5 "s ( ^! arctic & sub-arctic fossiliz$ flora & ! liv+ =ms ( to-day1 is s ne> t !y _c be di/+ui%$ by a s+le diff]5ce4 ,?is is true ( "s ( ! v>ieties ( ! ,sequoia family1 ! oaks1 bee*es1 firs1 hazelnuts1 etc41 :ile o!rs are s ne>ly id5tical t x w\ld be difficult to classify !m z sep>ate v>ieties4 ,at all ev5ts1 if !y _c be plac$ 9 ! li/ ( id5tical species1 !y _c be rul$ out ( repres5tative types4 ,b :y %\ld our speculative botani/s insi/ ^u ^! evolutional *anges 9 plant-life--^! d]ivative =ms ( :i* !y are con/antly speak+8 ,paleontological botany has giv5 u ! v highe/ antiquity ( species1 & ! mo/ t c be claim$ is t nature 0 j z prolific ( div]sifi$ =ms millions ( ye>s ago z n[4 ,because we1 by =c+ nature into unnatural1 if n repugnant1 alliances1 c produce --,/reak'd gillyfl[]s1 ,:i* "s call nature's ba/>ds4 x is no evid5ce t %e commits any su* (f5ce aga9/ h]self4 ,h] alliances are all lov+ ones4 ,%e indulges 9 no =c$ me?ods ( propagation4 ,if %e produc$ ! ,sequoia gigantea1 or ! great r$wood tree ( our ,cali=nia ,si]ra1 z f> back z ! ,cru/ace\s p]iod1 %e has propagat$ x ev] s9ce accord+ to h] own lov+ me?ods1 & x is idle to talk ( ! ,sequoia ,langsdorfii z be+ ! orig9al ance/or ( ?is tree1 or any o!r di/+ui%$ bran* ( ! sequoias4 ,h[ mu* m rational ! sugge/ion ( ,pr(essor ,agassiz t ^! trees--! entire family ( sequoias--7 q z num]\s 9 individual v>ieties at fir/ z n[1 & t ! fruit ( ! "o c nev] be> ! fruit ( ! o!r4 ,aga91 take ! /ill h>di] & m num]\s bran*es ( ! ,qu]cus or oak family4 ,m4 ,de ,c&olle has exp5d$ a va/ deal ( +5uity to %[ t ! v>i\s memb]s ( ?is old & ance/rally-knotty family h all desc5d$ f two or ?ree ( ! h>di] v>ieties4 ,he arrives at ?is conclusion f a geographical survey ( :at he w\ld call ! :ole field ( di/ribution1 & ! probable hi/orical connection betwe5 ^! cong5]ic species4 ,b sci5ce %\ld deal ) z few probabilities z possible1 especially :]e exp]i5ce furni%es no guide to c]ta9ty1 & only ! remote/ clue to likelihood4 ,we %\ld nev] pr$icate probabilities except on "s degree ( actual evid5ce1 or "s likelihood ( occurr5ce1 fall+ )9 ! limits1 analogically or o!rwise1 ( human obs]vation & exp]i5ce4 ,9 no o!r way c we det]m9e :e!r an ev5t is probable or n4 ,b "h we h n s mu* z a probable exp]i5ce to guide u4 ,geographical di/ribution 9 ! pa/ is h>dly a safe crit]ion to g by1 because we c nev] be absolutely c]ta9 t we h ! requisite data on :i* to =m a det]m9ate judgm5t4 ,! ,qu]cus robur may furni% ! maximum te/ to-day1 b a few conceal$ pockets ( nature may br+ "s o!r v>iety ( ! cong5]ic species to ! front to-morr[1 requir+ ,m4 ,de ,c&olle to correct 8 classification4 ,!re are no less ?an tw5ty-eight v>ieties ( ?is "o species ( oak1 all ( !m conc$$ to be spontane\s 9 orig91 & x has be5 on ! e>? q z long z ! m /ately tribe ( ,sequoias4 ,besides1 n m ?an "o tw5ty-?\s&? "p ( ! e>?'s surface has be5 dug ov] to det]m9e ! ext5t to :i* any "o ( its v>ieties has fl\ri%$ 9 ! pa/4 ,s9ce ^! sev]al v>ieties are only "o degree remov$ f ea* o!r1 ,m4 ,de ,c&olle supposes div]g5ce to be ! natural law :i* has gov]n$ _! gr[?1 & n h]$it>y fixity4 ,b "h aga9 he has only remote probabilities to "w ^u1 no absolute data4 ,we are /ill speak+ ( 8 fossiliz$ h]b>ia1 n 8 mod]n specim5s4 ,^! may %[ a l>ge numb] ( g5etically-connect$ individuals1 or ^? claim$ to be s connect$4 ,& yet no naturali/ c be c]ta9 t1 because !y exhibit simil>ly m>k$ *>act]i/ics1 ! "o ev] desc5d$ f ! o!r2 = ! univ]sal exp]i5ce-rule /ill holds good t l eng5d]s l1 & we se>* 9 va9 = any?+ m ?an a simil>ity ( idea1 or logical connection1 :i* ju/ifies a recognition ( ! individuorum similium 9 ,jessieu's def9ition ( species4 ,b simil>ity mu/ n be mi/ak5 = absolute lik5ess1 :i* n[h]e exi/s 9 nature4 ,inf9ite div]sity is ! law1 absolute id5tity ! r>e/ possible exception4 ,no two oak leaves1 = in/ance1 9 a million w be f\nd actually alike1 al?\gh tak5 f ! same tree1 or trees ( ! same v>iety2 & ! same may be said ( ! segm5tation & bran*+ ( _! limbs1 z well z ! /riatures ( _! corticat$ cov]+1 ,et sic de similibus ev]y:]e1 & ) respect to e ?+4 ,nature is m solicit\s ( div]sity & beauty1 ?an ( simil>ity & tam5ess ( effect1 9 all h] l&scape pictures2 & ! ,platonic conception t contr>ies spr+ f contr>ies1 may be only a supplem5t>y tru? to t ( de similibus4 ,9 ! eye ( ! s\l all objective exi/5ces are disc]n$ 9 _! logical ord]1 or z consecutive ?\ghts ( ! ,div9e m9d1 z outspok5 9 ! mat]ial univ]se4 ,to insi/ ^u cutt+ d[n ^! transc5d5tal =ms#bj into ! smalle/ possible numb] ( simil> or id5tical =ms1 may be all well en\gh to accompli% sci5tific classification2 b ! productive p[] ( nature c nev] be limit$ by ^! m5tal processes ( our own4 ,! oak family c be trac$ back to ! ,mioc5e p]iod1 & consequ5tly enjoys q z high an antiquity z ! sequoias4 ,pr(essor ,gray1 9 speak+ ( ! ,qu]cus robur & its probable orig91 says t x is traceable 9 ,europe up to ! comm5cem5t ( ! pres5t epo*1 looks ea/w>d1 & f> into ! pa/ on f>-di/ant %ores4 ,by f>-di/ant %ores1 he und\bt$ly means ,nor?we/ ,am]ica1 :]e its remote/ desc5dants /ill fl\ri%4 ,b t ^! trees %\ld h wad$ ! ,pacific1 or s5t _! acorns on a voyage ( discov]y aft] new habitats on ! ,asiatic coa/1 is h>dly m probable ?an ,jason's voyage aft] ! gold5 fleece1 9 any o!r ?an a highly figurative s5se4 ,! spontane\s appe>ance ( a =e/ ( oaks on ! ea/]n %ores ( ,asia 0 j z probable1 "u favor+ conditions--?\gh occurr+ subsequ5tly to ! "t ( _! appe>ance on ?is cont95t--z t ( ! m9iature =e/s ( samphire1 or small sal9e plants1 :i* spontane\sly made _! appe>ance ab\t ! salt-works ( ,syracuse1 :5 conditions actually favor$4 ,! high antiquity ( ! oak makes no diff]5ce 9 respect to ! pr9ciple ( disp]sion1 s9ce geographical conditions are :at gov]n1 & n ! !oretical consid]ations ( ! speculative botani/4 ,mr4 ,a4 ,r4 ,wallace's =mula conc]n+ ! orig9 ( species1 t !y h come into exi/5ce co9cid5t bo? 9 "t & place ) prexi/+ closely-alli$ species1 may or may n be true s f> z individual localization is conc]n$4 ,b x proves no?+ 9 ! way ( orig9al prog5y1 nor c we1 by any actual data be=e u1 satisfactorily det]m9e1 "u ?is =mula1 :i* ( ! two closely-alli$ species prec$$ ! o!r4 ,if !y came co9cid5tly1 bo? 9 "t & place1 _! exi/5ce mu/ h be5 concurr5t1 n sep>at$ by prexi/5ce4 ,! =mula may be true to ?is ext5t1 t ! conditions favor+ ! appe>ance ( "o species may h equally favor$ :at we call a closely-alli$ species4 ,b ev5 9 ?is case1 ! mat]ial sequ5ce is lo/1 & we h no?+ to express a relation%ip z f p>5t to prog5y4 ,=1 h[ev] re/rict$ z to localization1 ea* species pres]ves its own *>act]i/ics1 ! simil>ities always be+ less ?an ! dissimil>ities4 ,^!1 & o!r equally conclusive facts ( obs]vation1 l$ ,pr(essor ,agassiz to "q any necess>y g5etic connection betwe5 ! diff]5t species1 or betwe5 ev5 ! same species1 9 widely-sep>at$ localities2 8 idea be+ precisely t advanc$ by u 9 connection ) ! ,bible g5esis1 t localization dep5d$ on geographical conditions1 n on ! migration ( plants or ! disp]sion ( se$s4 ,! actual geographical di/ribution ( species--any species--does n dep5d solely on l9es ( ance/ry1 h[ev] great _! p]si/5ce ( specific *>act]s2 nor on any pr9ciple ( natural selection1 nor on ! possibility ( f]tile mon/rosities1 b on ! simple incid5ce ( conditions2 & ,m4 ,de ,c&olle1 9 8 ,geographie ,botanique1 virtually conc$es ?is1 :ile treat+ ( geographical consid]ations 9 connection ) di/ribution4 ,he 9 fact says1 9 s _m words1 t ! actual di/ribution ( species 9 ! pa/ seems to h be5 a consequ5ce ( prec$+ conditions4 #ba ,& he is =c$ to ?is conclusion by 8 virtual ab&onm5t ( plant-migration1 & ! alleg$ means ( se$-di/ribution4 ,! "q aft] all1 says ,pr(essor ,gray1 is n h[ plants & animals orig9at$1 b h[ !y came to exi/ :]e !y are1 & :at !y are4 ,on only "o ( ^! po9ts--t ( favor+ conditions--c any satisfactory answ] be giv51 except z we def] to ! ,bible g5esis1 :i* expla9s all4 ,& ! reason is1 t we c nev] det]m9e :at =ms are specific )\t trac+ !m back to _! orig91 & ?is is impossible4 ,ord]s1 g5]a1 species1 etc41 are only s _m l9es ( ?\ght on :i* we arrange our classifications1 j z ! p>allel wires ( an abacus1 ) _! slid+ balls1 are ! l9es on :i* we make our ma!matical computations4 ,agassiz w\ld n all[ t v>ieties exi/$ 9 nature1 except z man's ag5cy effect$ !m1 t is1 z !y 7 br\ght ab\t by artificial processes4 ,^! artificial processes are q num]\s1 & _m ( !m h be5 practis$ f remote antiquity4 ,b !y seem to h no c\nt]p>t 9 nature1 except z insects may contribute to modifications by ! di/ribution ( poll54 ,b all modifications ( ?is "* t5d t[>ds inf]tility1 :ile few plants accept any f]tiliz+ aid f o!r & diff]5t species4 ,any break 9 _! h]$it>y t5d5cies1 result+ 9 a metamorphosis t involves ! integrity ( _! /am5s & pi/ils1 is /\tly resi/$ by nature4 ,9 consid]+ ! "q ( species1 !re=e1 we %\ld conf9e our obs]vations to ^? produc$ by natural1 n artificial1 me?ods2 to plants z propagat$ by ! lov+ t5d5cies ( nature1 n by ! arbitr>y & exact+ me?ods ( man--^? look+ to 8 gratification only4 ,all ^! fall into ! category1 ( nature's ba/>ds1 z ,%akespe>e happily def9es !m4 ,9 view ( ^! consid]ations1 & ! new me?ods ( classification1 su* z gr\p+ g5]a into families or ord]s1 & ^! into sub-ord]s1 tribes1 sub-tribes1 etc41 we c readily und]/& :y ! great ,h>v>d ,pr(essor %\ld h :olly elim9at$ community ( desc5t f 8 idea ( species1 or hesitat$ to reg>d v>ieties o!rwise ?an z ! result ( man's ag5cy4 ,inde$1 ! :ole "q ( species1 z well z v>ieties1 is likely to und]go mat]ial modifications 9 ! future4 ,on "s po9ts ! botani/s & zoologi/s diff] widely already1 _m mak+ lik5ess among individuals a second>y consid]ation1 & g5ealogical succession ! absolute te/ ( species4 ,o!rs1 on ! contr>y1 make resemblance ! fundam5tal rule1 & look ^u habitual fecundity )9 h]$it>y limits z provisional1 or answ]+ to tempor>y ne$s only4 ,^! diff]5ces ( op9ion w\ld seem to be ! m t5aci\sly held z ! "q ( new v>ieties presses = solution at ! h&s ( nature1 r ?an by ! ag5cy ( man4 ,all ^! v>ieties t5d less to new races ?an to clu/] ab\t type-c5tres1 & c g no fur!r ?an c]ta9 fix$ limits ( v>iation1 beyond :i* all oscillations cease4 ,b none ( ^! que/ions t\* ! real m>r[ ( ! controv]sy z to orig91 or aid u 9 det]m9+ ! duration ( species4 ,! pres5ce ( ! two great families ( trees--! sequoias & ! oaks--z f> back z ! ,mioc5e p]iod1 if n ext5d+ ?r\gh ! ,eoc5e into ! ,cretaci\s1 is conclusive ( ! po9t we w\ld make1 t no great evolutional *anges h tak5 place 9 ! la/ two or ?ree million ye>s1 & none are likely to take place 9 ! next million ye>s1 except t ! ,sequoia gigantea may drop out1 f ! v&alism ( man or ! next glacial drift4 ,m4 ,*4 ,m>t9s1 9 8 ,voyage ,botanique n ,norwege1 says t ea* species ( ! vegetable k+dom is a k9d ( !rmomet] :i* has its own z]o4 ,x may also be said to h its hygrometric & telluric gauges1 or in/rum5ts to det]m9e ! necess>y conditions ( moi/ure & soil-con/itu5ts4 ,:5 ! temp]ature is bel[ z]o1 ! physiological functions ( ! plant are susp5d$1 ei!r 9 tempor>y hyb]nation or dea?4 ,& s :5 ! hygrometric gauge falls bel[ ! po9t ( actual su/5tation1 ! plant %r9ks & dies2 :ile1 )\t ! necess>y conditions1 x w\ld nev] h made its appe>ance4 ,!re 0 no?+ m imp]ative 9 ! comm& = ! e>? to br+ =? ?an ! necess>y conditions on :i* plant-life dep5d$ 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 & /ill dep5ds1 z we h endeavor$ to %[4 ,dr4 ,j4,g4 ,coop]1 9 an int]e/+ article prep>$ by him at ! exp5se ( ! ,smi?sonian ,in/itute1 on ! di/ribution ( ! =e/s & trees ( ,nor? ,am]ica1 ) notes & obs]vations on ! physical geography1 climate1 etc41 ( ! c\ntry1 aft] classify+1 arrang+1 & tabulat+ ! results ( ! v>i\s obs]vations =w>d$ to t in/itution1 indulges 9 ! foll[+ g5]al obs]vations3 ,we h ) a tropical summ] a tropical v>iety ( trees1 b *iefly ( nor!rn =ms4 ,aga91 ) our arctic w9t]s1 we h a gr\p ( trees1 :i*1 ?\gh ( tropical =ms1 are s adapt$ to ! climate z to lose _! leaves1 l ! nor!rn =ms1 9 w9t]4 ,b1 "h1 x mu/ be di/9ctly und]/ood1 is no alt]ation produc$ by climate4 ,trees are made = & n by climate1 & !y keep _! *>act]i/ics ?r\gh\t _! :ole range1 :i* ) "s ext5ds ?r\gh a great v>iety ( climate4 ,! italics are ! au?ors1 & we suppose he means by tropical & arctic1 ! sub-tropical & sub-arctic4 ,9 mak+ 8 g5]al obs]vations1 he _h be=e him l>ge collections ( ! leaves1 fruits1 b>k1 & wood ( trees f all p>ts ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 includ+ portions ( ,mexico1 ! ,canadas & ,alaska1 & ext5d+ f ! ,atlantic to ! ,pacific4 ,b "o ( ! mo/ important elem5ts--9 fact1 ! mo/ important--is want+ 9 ! tables be=e u1 & t is1 ! elevation at :i* ^! ?\s&s ( specim5s 7 obta9$4 ,s great an ov]sight z ?is %\ld n h occurr$1 al?\gh x may n h be5 entirely ,dr4 ,coop]'s fault4 ,he _h 8 mat]ials to "w ^u1 & may h done ! be/ t any "o c\ld ) !m4 ,& yet x is j z important to "k at :at elevation a p>ticul> tree gr[s 9 its own plant zone1 z to "k :e!r x comes f a sub-arctic or sub-tropical region4 ,b ?is 0 n ! comm5t we design$ to make4 ,dr4 ,coop] labors1 ) mo/ pr(essional botani/s1 "u ! delusion t all our plants & trees orig9at$ 9 "s "o c5tre ( creation1 at "s p]iod or o!r 9 "t & place1 & h be5 /eadily spread+ !mselves outw>d f t c5tre until !y occupy _! pres5t areas ( di/ribution4 ,we h no objection to 8 cl++ to ?is sup]annuat$ fai? & belief1 if he d]ives any pleasure 9 flu%+ up ^! traditional gras%opp]s4 ,b we h a "r to insi/ t he %all be logical4 ,he wants x di/9ctly und]/ood t trees are made =1 & n by1 climate4 ,!n 8 c5tre ( creation %\ld be ev]y:]e1 n a localiz$ "o4 ,= he insi/s t no alt]ation c be produc$ by climate1 b t ! *>act]i/ics ( ea* specific =m are pres]v$ ?r\gh\t its entire range ( di/ribution4 ,b if ^! nomadic & migratory =ms h w&]$ ?us f> f _! c5tres ( creation1 x w\ld seem t ! trees _h ei!r adapt$ !mselves to ! climate1 or ! climate to ! trees4 ,b our ,smi?sonian sy/ematiz] w all[ u nei!r horn ( ?is dilemma4 ,he insi/s t ! trees 7 made = ! climate1 & t !y h pres]v$ _! *>act]i/ic features dur+ _! entire ambulation ^u ! e>?'s surface4 ,) ! *ange ( a s+le monosyllabic pr$icate1 ?is proposition is und\bt$ly true4 ,we h nev] he>d t plants or trees 7 made4 ,!y 7 ord]$ to gr[1 or r ! e>? 0 comm&$ to br+ !m =?1 :i* is an equival5t induction4 ,& ! fact t !y gr[ n[1 r5d]s x absolutely c]ta9 t !y grew at fir/1 :5 out ( ! gr\nd made ! ,"l ,god to gr[ e plant ( ! field1 & e tree t is pleasant to ! sight4 ,we accept ?is g5esis = ! want ( a bett]4 ,& if ,dr4 ,coop] w add to 8 climatic conditions1 ! hygrometric & o!r conditions necess>y = ! developm5t & gr[? ( 8 plants & trees1 we w agree ) him to ! fulle/ ext5t ( 8 novel position--t trees nei!r adapt !mselves to ! climate1 nor ! climate to ! trees2 al?\gh x is true t trees modify climate q z mu* z !y are modifi$ by x4 ,! true physiological =mula is und\bt$ly ?is3--,trees make _! appe>ance 9 climatic & o!r environ+ conditions1 & fl\ri%1 )\t mat]ial *ange 9 *>act]i/ics1 s long z ^! conditions favor4 ,:y !y make _! appe>ance is n a debatable "q1 except z we assume a prexi/+ vital pr9ciple1 & apply to its elucidation our subtle/ dialectical me?ods4 ,we are told t ,god comm&$ ! e>? to br+ !m =?1 aft] 8 _s 7! animat+ s\l ( life7 _h mov$ ^u ! face ( ! dep?s--! *aotic & =mless mass ( ! e>? 9 ! beg9n+4 ,plato has utt]$ no pr(\nd] or m compreh5sive tru? ?an ?is1 ) all 8 conceptions ( ,deity & ! p]fect ar*etypal _w aft] :i* he conceiv$ our own to be model$4 ,our pref]5ce = ! ,bible g5esis ov] ! ,platonic conception is1 t x is va/ly simpl] & con/itutes a m objective reality to ! human s\l4 ,besides1 we f9d x true 9 fact1 s9ce ! e>? is con/antly teem+ ) life1 z if 9 ob$i5ce to "s great primal law impress$ ^u matt] by an inf9itely sup]ior intellig5ce to our own4-- ,if ?is fai? fail1 ,! pill>'d firmam5t is rott5ness1 ,& e>?'s base built on /ubble4 ,*apt] ,,vii4 ,:at ,is ,life8 ,its ,v>i\s ,!ories4 ,! "q1 ,:at is life8 does n lie )9 ! prov9ce ( human reason1 ! sci5ce ( logic1 or ! intuitions ( consci\sness1 to det]m9e4 ,x furni%es no objective datum on :i* to pr$icate attributes t are ei!r congru5t or div]se4 ,x c only be def9$ z ! coord9ation ( ! vis vitae 9 nature1 :i* is an undisguis$ =m ( reason+ 9 a circle4 ,we c ascribe to x only su* attributes z are utt]ly inconceivable 9 any o!r concept or object ( ?\ght4 ,x admits ( b "o attribution1 & t embrac+ an id5tical proposition4 ,to say ( life t x is a cord9ation ( action1 might be true z a p>tial judgm5t1 b n z a compreh5sive "o2 o!rwise1 cry/allization w\ld fall "u its category1 :i* is manife/ly an illicit induction4 ,x all[s1 !re=e1 ( no possible explication1 analysis1 or sep>ate logical pr$icam5t4 ,x /&s absolutely alone & ap>t by itself--a positive1 self-subsi/5t vital pr9ciple1 or process ( action1 :i* all physiologi/s agree1 = ! sake ( conv5i5ce & uni=mity ( expression1 9 designat+ z a p[]1 prop]ty1 =ce1 etc41 9 nature4 ,:5ev] que/ion$ z to its orig9 ! subtle/ & pr(\nde/ intellects1 9 all ages ( ! _w1 h return$ b "o answ]3 ,i "k no possible orig9 b ,god--! great primal s\rce ( all life 9 ! univ]se4 ,among ! anci5ts we f9d an almo/ equival5t induction 9 ! phrases1 borr[$ by !m f ! highe/ antiquity1 ,jupit] e/ g5itor1 ,jupit] e/ quodcunque vivit1 etc41 :i*1 al?\gh un9spir$ utt]ances1 /rike _! roots deeply into ! t]ra incognita ( consci\sness1 :]e9 we ascribe to ,god ! issues ( life z a p>am\nt !ological conception4 ,:5 ! +5i\s & le>n$ ,fr5*man def9$ life z ! sum ( all ! functions by :i* dea? is resi/$1 he 0 z conclusively indulg+ 9 ! argum5tum 9 circulo z if he _h said1 ,life is ! anti!sis ( :at is n life4 ,?is w\ld be z lum9\s a def9ition z t :i* %\ld make ,!ism ! opposite ( ,anti-!ism1 or ! ,algebraic /atem5t x-y ! anti!sis ( xy--"o ( no def9itional value s long z !re is no kn[n quantity express$ 9 ! =mula4 ,to beg9 ) begg+ ! "q1 & !n adroitly :ipp+ ! argum5t ab\t a pivotal po9t1 z a boy w\ld :ip a top1 may be amus+ en\gh to ! *ildi% m9d1 b is manife/ly mak+ no m progress 9 logic ?an to sub/itute an +5i\s p>aphrase ( a t]m = its real def9ition4 ,x is a m]e v]bal feat at be/1 )\t ! possibility ( rea*+ any det]m9ate judgm5t4 ,x is l "s ( ! half-circul> phrases we are likely to meet ) 9 ! categories ( mod]n mat]iali/ic sci5ce1 su* z ! correlat$ correlates ( motion1 ! pot5tiat$ pot5tialities ( sky-mi/1 ! undiff]5tiat$ diff]5tialities ( life-/uff1 call$1 by special condesc5sion on ! "p ( ! mat]iali/s1 life4 ,all ( :i* is an easy logic1 b a :imsical en\gh way ( putt+ x4 ,accord+ to ,leibnitz1 ev]y?+ t exi/s is replete ) life1 full ( vital activity1 if n an actual mass ( liv+ individualities4 ,b ?is d>+ hypo!sis has ceas$ to attract ! att5tion x once receiv$4 ,!re are /ates & conditions ( matt] 9 respect to :i* x is idle to pr$icate ! vis vitae4 ,= ! great bulk ( our globe is made up ( ! highly cry/alliz$ & non-fossilif]\s rocks1 :i* nei!r conta9 any elem5t>y pr9ciple ( life1 nor exhibit ! slighte/ trace ( vital organism1 ev5 to ! m9ute/ liv+ speck or pla/id4 ,dur+ all ^? va/ p]iods ( uncomput$ "t1 cov]+ ! _w's primeval hi/ory1 !re 0 an utt] abs5ce ( life until ! *ief upheavals ( ! out] /rata ( our globe1 n[ con/itut+ ! pr9cipal m\nta9 *a9s ( its well-def9$ cont95ts1 occurr$4 ,9 :atev] atomic or molecul> !ories1 !re=e1 we may indulge1 9 respect to ! orig9al =mation ( ! e>?1 ! utmo/ /ret* ( empirical sci5ce c g no fur!r1 9 ! solution ( vital problems1 ?an to t\* ! ?re%old ( inorganic matt]1 :]e1 9 our backw>d survey ( nature1 vegetable life beg9s & animal life ends4 ,all beyond ?is po9t mu/ be giv5 up to o!r correlates ( motion ?an ^? to :i* ! mat]iali/s specifically assign ! beg9n+s ( life4 ,! !ory ( pansp]mism1 orig9at+ ) ! ,abb ,spallanzani 9 mod]n times1 & /ill /\tly advocat$ by ,m4 ,pa/eur & "s few o!rs1 is manife/ly defective 9 ?is1--t x goes beyond ! inorganic limit 9 assign+ vital units to all matt]1 ev5 to its elem5tal pr9ciples4 ,x is true t !y speak ( pre-exi/+ g]ms--primordial =ms ( life--t are _m million times small] ?an ! smalle/ visible insect4 ,b _! assumptions g f> beyond ! con/ruction we give to ! ,bible g5esis1 :i* m]ely ass]ts t ! g]m9al pr9ciple ( life--t ( e liv+ ?+--is 9 ! e>?1 or 9 ! wat]s & ! e>?1 :i* 7 alone comm&$ to br+ =?4 ,"s ( ! pansp]mi/s h gone s f> z to ass]t t ev]y?+ :i* exi/s is ref]able to ! vis vit--to non-corporeal1 yet ext5d$ vital units1 m]e metaphysical po9ts--l ,pr(essor ,beale's biopla/s 9 ! f9] n]ve-reticulations--or liv+ ?+s end[$ ) a great] or less degree ( p]ceptive p[]4 ,?is 0 ! assumption ( ! great ,g]man philosoph]1 ,leibnitz1 :o c>ri$ ! pansp]mic !ory s f> z to accept ! m fanciful "o ( monads--^? invisible1 ideal1 & purely speculative units ( ,plato1 :i* g to make up ! entire univ]se1 ext5d+ ev5 to ! ultimate elem5ts1 or elem5ts ( elem5ts4 ,leibnitz says3 ,z x is ) ! human s\l1 :i* sympa?izes ) all ! v>y+ /ates ( nature--:i* mirrors ! univ]se--s x is ) ! monads univ]sally4 ,ea*--& !y are inf9itely num]\s--is also a mirror1 a c5tre ( ! univ]se1 a microcosm3 ev]y?+ t is1 or happ5s1 is reflect$ 9 ea*1 b by its own spontane\s p[]1 ?r\gh :i* x holds ideally 9 itself1 z 9 a g]m1 ! totality ( ?+s4 ,b ! specific g]m !ory advanc$ 9 ! ,bible g5esis1 is capable ( be+ tak5 out ( ! purely speculative region 9 :i* pansp]mism l&$ ! great ,g]man philosoph]4 ,x is a simple av]m5t t ! animat+ pr9ciple ( life is 9 ! e>?2 t ! g]ms ( all liv+ ?+s1 vegetal & animal alike1 are implant$ !re91 & t !y make _! appe>ance1 9 ob$i5ce to ! div9e comm&1 :5ev] & :]ev] ! necess>y environ+ conditions occur4 ,! fact t nature /ill obeys ?is comm& is pro( t %e has ! p[] to d s--t ?is inde/ructible vital pr9ciple /ill animates h] brea/4 ,innum]able exp]im5ts1 z well z ph5om5al facts1 atte/ ! tru? ( ?is g5esis ( life1 :ile ! rese>*es ( ,pr(essor ,ba/ian & o!r em95t mat]iali/s1 made 9 infusorial & cryptogamic directions1 confirm r ?an discr$it x4 ,! fact t x appe>s = ! fir/ "t 9 ?is anci5t ,hebrew text c detract no?+ f its value z a sci5tific /atem5t4 ,grant+ t pansp]mism may re/ ^u a purely fanciful & unsub/antial basis1 x is b fair to conc$e t its great advocates h hone/ly attempt$ to expla9 by x all ! vital ph5om5a occurr+ 9 nature1 z ,m4 ,pa/eur is conclusively attempt+ to d n[4 ,x is c]ta9 t ! mat]iali/s1 :o are resolutely antagoniz+ ! pansp]mic1 z well z all o!r vital !ories1 h n yet gone s deeply into elem5t>y sub/ance z to %ut (f all fur!r inve/igation 9 ^! directions4#bb ,nei!r ! l[e/ primordial cell1 nor ! lea/ conceivable molecule1 has yet be5 rea*$ by ! aid ( ! microscope1 any m ?an ! out]mo/ circle ( ! heav5s has be5 p5etrat$ by ! aid ( ! telescope4 ,we mu/ /op some:]e1 & :5 we f9d a sci5tifically =mulat$ /atem5t :i* embraces all vital ph5om5a1 & satisfactorily acc\nts = !m all1 :e!r x orig9ally came f ,ari/otle1 f ,plato1 or f ,moses1 is a matt] ( comp>atively slight mom5t1 s f> z ! sci5tific _w is conc]n$4 ,at lea/1 x w\ld seem s to u4 ,b to talk ( ! de novo orig9 ( liv+ matt] z ! result ( ! dynamic =ce ( molecules--!mselves concessively dead matt]--is to indulge 9 q z fanciful a speculation z ! advocates ( ! pansp]mic hypo!sis h ev] v5tur$ to sugge/4 ,pr(essor ,ba/ian is =c$ to g back ( 8 infusorial =ms & fungus-g]ms to a microscopical pellicle1 f :i* he admits !y are evolv$4 ,b :y evolv$8 ,does n ! pr9ciple ( vitality lie back ( ! pellicle1 z well z ! fungus-g]m8 ,h[ absolutely c]ta9 is he t ! extreme/ v]ge ( microscopic inve/igation has be5 atta9$1 9 :at he is pleas$ to designate prim>y organic =ms8 ,evolution is a v pot5tial ^w1 & no "o may yet "k :at b\ndless /ores ( absurd !ory & metaphysical nons5se are lock$ up 9 x6#bc ,he admits t evolution1 z embrac+ ! idea ( natural selection1 c h no?+ to d ) ! va/ assemblage ( infusorial & cryptogamic organisms1 until !y assume def9itely recurr+ =ms1 t is1 rise into species & bre$ true to nature4 ,!n1 he agrees ) ,mr4 ,d>w91 t ! law ( vital pol>ity or h]$ity1 z he calls x1 may come 9 & play its "p t[>ds effect+ evolution1 or v>iability1 9 bo? animal & vegetal organisms1 b n be=e4 ,:y !n %\ld he lug 91 or attempt to lug 91 ! div]se pot5tialities ( ?is ^w evolution1 = ! purpose ( demon/rat+ ! dynamic law gov]n+ ! developm5tal /ages ( 8 microscopic pellicle8 ,?is1 he w agree1 lies f> bel[ ! po9t1 9 prim>y organism1 :]e specific id5tity1 or ! law ( h]$ity1 ass]ts its full recognition4 ,all bel[ ?is developm5tal po9t is incon/ancy ( specific =ms1 ) no l9e ( ance/ry to be trac$ any:]e4 ,?is1 ,pr(essor ,ba/ian readily conc$es1 not)/&+ x cuts ! ,d>w9ian plexus squ>ely 9 ! middle4 ,he says3 ,bo? ,grui?uis5 & ,trviranus agree t ! infusoria met ) h nev] pres5t$ simil> *>act]s :5 !y h be5 enc\nt]$ 9 diff]5t infusions2 nor h !y be5 uni=m 9 ! same infusion1 :5 diff]5t portions ( x h be5 expos$ to ! incid5ce ( diff]5t conditions4 ,! slighte/ v>iations 9 ! quality or quantity ( ! mat]ials employ$1 are inv>iably accompani$ by ! appe>ance ( diff]5t organisms--^! be+ (t5times /range & peculi>1 & unaccompani$ by any ( ! famili> =ms4 ,o!r writ]s ( equal em95ce 9 ?is field ( inve/igation h n only obs]v$ ! same *>act]i/ics1 b enc\nt]$ ! same difficulties 9 classification1 f ! v great div]sity obta9+ ev5 9 ! ne>e/ alli$ =ms4 ,s great is ?is div]sity1 & s multitud9\s ! diff]5t =ms1 t little c]ta9ty or value c be atta*$ to ! classifications already made4 ,ev5 ,pr(essor ,o4,f4 ,mll]1 aft] he _h conv9c$ himself t he _h discov]$ n less ?an twelve diff]5t species belong+ to a s+le g5us1 0 subject$ to ! mortification ( see+ ,ehr5b]g cut !m all d[n to m]e modifications ( "o & ! same species4 ,we ref] to ^! sev]al /atem5ts ( fact = ! purpose ( emphasiz+ ! true g5esis ( life z supplem5t$ by ! incid5ce ( diff]5t conditions1 on :i* all vital manife/ations dep5d4 ,! pres5ce ( ! g]m9al pr9ciples ( life 9 ! e>? is emphatically av]r$ 9 ! ,bible g5esis4 ,& we h only to connect ! doctr9e ( conditional incid5ce ) ?is av]m5t1 to acc\nt = all ! vital ph5om5a :i* s pr(\ndly puzzle ^! g5tlem5 :ile pry+ into ! my/]ies ( ! ephem]omorphic _w4 ,:atev] may be ! "* ( any infusion1 or to :atev] incid5ce ( conditions x may be subject$1 x w produce "s =m ( life2 n because x conta9s ?is or t morphological cell1 de/ructible at a temp]ature ( #ajj ,c--t to :i* x is exp]im5tally subject$ be=e microscopic exam9ation1--b because e organic infusion1 :e!r und]go+ ! requir$ heat-te/ or n1 conta9s vital units--^? z inde/ructible by heat z by glacial drift--:i* burgeon =? into life :5ev] ! prop] conditions ( environm5t obta94 ,! slighte/ v>iation1 9 ei!r ! quantity or quality ( ! mat]ial employ$ 9 ! infusion1 is1 z ^! em95t microscopi/s agree1 inv>iably accompani$ by ! appe>ance ( diff]5t =ms ( life1 j z ! slighte/ *ange 9 soil-conditions1 su* z t produc$ by ! pres5ce ( "o species ( tree ) ano!r 9 natural truffle-gr\nds1 w result 9 ! appe>ance ( ano!r & altoge!r diff]5t plant1 z well z truffle tub]4 ,b ! !ory :i* ! vitali/s are m p>ticul>ly call$ ^u to combat is t to :i* ! non-vitali/s mo/ rigidly adh]e2 & we ref] to x1 9 ?is connection1 t ! read] may comp>e its complexity & involution ( /atem5t & idea ) ! extreme simplicity ( ! biblical g5esis1 z h]et(ore pres5t$4 ,we give x 9 ! exact phraseology employ$ by ,pr(essor ,ba/ian3 ,liv+ matt] is =m$ by1 or is ! result (1 c]ta9 comb9ations & re>rangem5ts t take place 9 invisible colloidal molecules--a process :i* is ess5tially simil> to ! mode by :i* high] organisms are d]iv$ f l[] 9 ! pellicle ( an organic infusion4 ,?is c>efully-word$ def9ition ( life1 or ! orig9 ( liv+ matt]1 pres5ts a hypo!tical mode ( reason+ :i* is em95tly *>act]i/ic ( all mat]iali/s4 ,9 ! /rict] def9itional s5se ( ! ^w1 !re is no su* ?+ z liv+ matt] or dead matt]1 z we h be=e claim$4 ,!re are liv+ organisms 9 multitud9\s abundance--^? result+ f1 n 91 ! vis vit1 or ! elem5t>y pr9ciple ( life 9 nature--z !re are also dead organisms 9 abundance4 ,?is mat]iali/ic def9ition ( life1 :i* is n s mu* z a g5]ic "o ev51 beg9s 9 an absurdity & ends 9 "o4 ,x is agre$ t ! prolig]\s pellicle ( ,m4 ,p\*et1 ! pla/ide p>ticle ( ,pr(essor ,ba/ian1 ! monas ( ,o4,f4 ,mll]1 ! biopla/ ( ,pr(essor ,beale1 etc41 are ess5tially "o & ! same ?+1 except 9 "n4 ,!y are m]e mov+ specks1 or ne>ly sph]ical p>ticles1 :i* exhibit ! fir/ active movem5ts 9 organic solutions4 ,!y v>y 9 size f ! "o hundr$-?\s&? to ! "o tw5ty-?\s&? ( a second ( an in* 9 diamet]1 & appe> at fir/ h>dly m ?an mov+ specks ( semi-transluc5t mucus4 ,inde$1 ,burda* calls !m primordial muc\s lay]s4 ,b !y move1 pulsate1 sw>m into colonies1 & act z if !y 7 guid$1 n by sep>ate intellig5ce1 b by "s ma/]-build] sup]vis+ ! :ole "w ( organic /ructure4 ,?is ma/]-build] is ! "o elem5t>y unit ( life1 :i* directs ! movem5ts ( all ! pla/ide p>ticles1 con/antly add+ to _! work+ =ce1 f ! fir/ primordial muc\s lay] ( ! sup]/ructure to ! maje/ic dome ( ?\ght 79 ! case ( man7 :i* cr[ns ! temple ( ,god on e>?4#bd ,b ?is pellicle ( ,pr(essor ,ba/ian is n m]e /ructureless matt]1 any m ?an ! biopla/ ( ,pr(essor ,beale4 ,! fact t !y move1 pulsate1 "w 9 all directions1 %[s t !y h ! necess>y organs ) :i* to "w4 ,^! organs may be invisible 9 ! field ( ! microscope1 b t is no pro( t !y d n exi/4 ,organs are z ess5tial = locomotion 9 a pla/ide p>ticle z 9 a ma/odon or mega!rium1 & if ! microscope c\ld only give back ! prop] response1 we %\ld see !m1 if n be fill$ ) wond] at ! m>vell\s p]fection ( _! /ructure4 ,b into :atev] divisions or classifications we may di/+ui% or g5]alize ! prop]ties ( matt]1 we c nev] pr$icate vitality ( x1 any m ?an we c pr$icate intellectuality4 ,inde$1 intellectual matt] pres5ts no great] incongruity or invalidity ( conception ?an vital matt]4 ,^! qualify+ t]ms are appli$ to ! kn[n laws & =ces ( nature1 n to ins5sate matt]4 ,to ass]t t life results f c]ta9 comb9ations & re>rangem5ts ( matt]1 & n 9 !m1 is utt]ly to conf\nd cause & effect1 or s incongru\sly m+le !m toge!r t no logical di/9ction betwe5 ! two c exi/ z an object ( p]ception4 ,)\t ! vis vit1 or "s g]m9al pr9ciple ( life1 ly+ back ( ^! comb9ations & re>rangem5ts ( matt]1 & det]m9+ ! movem5ts ( _! con/itu5t molecules1 !re c\ld be no vital manife/ation1 any m ?an !re c\ld be a correlate ( a =ce )\t ! actual exi/5ce ( ! =ce itself4 #be ,! mat]iali/s give ! "n ( protoplasm to t primitive /ructureless mass ( homog5e\s matt] 9 :i* ! l[e/ liv+ organisms make _! appe>ance4 ,!y claim t ?is g5]ic sub/ance is end[$ ) ! prop]ty or p[] ( produc+ life de novo1 or1 z ,pr(essor ,ba/ian puts x1 ( unfold+ new-born specks ( liv+ matt] :i* subsequ5tly und]go c]ta9 evolutional *anges2 b :e!r !y die 9 _! exp]im5tal flasks1 or rise into high] & m pot5tially end[$ =ms ( life1 x is difficult = ^? foll[+ _! diagnoses to det]m9e4 ,!y fur!r claim t ! same law ( vital manife/ation obta9s 9 organic solutions z 9 ! /ructureless mass !y call protoplasm4 ,bo? are ess5tially end[$ ) ! same pot5tiality ( orig9at+ life indep5d5tly ( vital units1 or de novo1 z !y m p]si/5tly phrase x4 ,b :y speak ( unfold+ new-born specks ( liv+ matt]8 ,to unfold means to op5 ! folds ( some?+--to turn !m back1 get at ! processes ( _! infoldm5t4 ,x implies a pre-exi/+ some?+1 inwrapp$ z a g]m 9 its environm5t4 ,if n a g]m1 :at is ?is pre-exi/+ vital some?+ :i* _! language implies8 ,is our sci5tific te*nology s de/itute ( def9itional accuracy t !y _c use half a doz5 sci5tific t]ms )\t committ+ half t numb] ( d[n-"r sci5tific blund]s8 ,new-born specks ( liv+ matt] is language t a vitali/ might possibly use by %e] inadv]t5ce2 b no av[$ mat]iali/1 l ,pr(essor ,ba/ian1 %\ld trip 9 ?is def9itional way4 ,liv+ matt]1 born ( :at8 ,c]ta9ly n ( dead matt]4 ,dea? quick5s no?+ into life1 n ev5 ! autonom\s m\lds ( ! grave4 ,x implies ! abs5ce ( all vitality--a /ate or condition ( matt] 9 :i* all vital functions h be5 susp5d$1 h utt]ly ceas$1 if1 inde$1 !y ev] exi/$4 ,x behooves ! mat]iali/s to use language ) m precision & accuracy ?an ?is4 ,dead matt]1 :atev] ! phrase may imply1 c be> no?+1 produce no?+1 quick5 no?+4 ,! pangs ( dea? once pa/1 ! pangs ( life cease4 ,nor is !re any bir? f unquick5$ matt]4 ,animals be> "y1 trees be> fruit1 b =ce produces results4 ,:at !n quick5s protoplasmic matt]8 ,nei!r vital =ce1 nor vegetative =ce1 if we are to cr$it ! mat]iali/s4 ,!y w\ld scorn to po/ulate su* a !ory1 or accept any su* absurd remnant ( ! old vitali/ic s*ool4 ,x is r molecul> =ce--a physical1 n a vital unit--t gives u ^! new-born specks ( liv+ matt]4 #bf ,?is is :at !y w\ld all ass]t at once1 9 _! en?usiasm to enlight5 u on a new t]m9ology4 ,b molecul> =ce fails to give u any additional enlight5m5t on ! subject we are inve/igat+4 ,x is ev5 less satisfactory ?an atomic =ce1 or elem5t>y =ce--t :i* may be consid]$ z inh]+ 9 ! elem5t>y p>ticles f :i* bo? atoms & molecules are d]iv$4 ,& s9ce bo? ! ultimate atom & ! ultimate molecule lie beyond microscopic rea*1 ! assumption t vital ph5om5a are ! result ( ei!r molecul> =ce or atomic =ce1 re/s ^u no o!r basis ?an t ( imag9>y hypo!sis4 ,to po/ulate any su* !ory ( life1 is go+ beyond ! limits ( exp]im5tal rese>* & inquiry1 & h5ce adopt+ an unsci5tific me?od4 ,at :at po9t ! smalle/ liv+ organism is laun*$ into exi/5ce--/>t$ on its life-j\rney--no "o is confid5t en\gh to ass]t4 ,! mat]iali/ is j z dumb on ?is subject z ! vitali/2 & ! only advantage he c h ov] 8 antagoni/ is to /& on ?is extreme v]ge ( att5uat$ matt]1 & d5y ! exi/5ce ( any =ce beyond x4 ,! po/ulation by him ( molecul> =ce at ?is po9t1 is virtually an ab&onm5t ( ! :ole controv]sy4 ,he ceases to be a mat]iali/ ! mom5t he passes ! visible b\nd>ies ( matt]1 9 se>* ( any?+ l undiff]5tiat$ sky-mi/ beyond x4 ,all t we def9itely "k is t c]ta9 conditions ( protoplasmic matt]1 ( organic solutions1 ( soil-con/itu5ts1 etc41 produce c]ta9 =ms ( life2 &1 9 ! case ( solutions1 c]ta9 l[ =ms ( life3 ,b :e!r ! l[] rise1 by any ins5sible gradations1 into ! high]1 m complex1 & def9itely express$ =ms ( life1 is altoge!r unkn[n4 ,t any su* gradations c be trac$ f ! l[e/ vital unit1 9 ! alleg$ collocations ( molecules1 is n yet claim$4 ,^! primordial collocations1 l ! l[e/ liv+ organisms1 lie beyond ! microscopic aids to vision1 s t ! ultimate g5esis ( life rema9s z mu* a my/]y z ev]--becomes1 9 fact1 a m]e speculative hypo!sis4 ,& :5 x comes to ?is sort ( speculation1 ! mat]iali/ is j z mu* 9 ! d>k z ! vitali/1 & nei!r c h any advantage ov] ! o!r1 except z ! "o may adopt ! analytic1 & ! o!r ! syn!tic me?od4 ,?is is ! mat]iali/ic argum5t cov]+ ! de novo orig9 ( liv+ organisms3--,!re is no great] microscopical evid5ce1 !y ass]t1 t ^! organisms come f pre-exi/+ invisible g]ms or vital units1 ?an t cry/als are produc$ 9 a simil> mann]--t is1 come f pre-exi/+ invisible g]ms ( cry/als4 ,b ?is is ov]look+ all g5]ic di/9ction 9 respect to processes or modes ( action4 ,cry/als are inorganic matt] :i* =m1 d n gr[4 ,!y are m]e symmetrical arrangem5ts1 n organic gr[?s2 & are produc$ by "s law ak9 to *emical aff9ity1 act+ on ! molecules ( _! con/itu5t mass4 ,!y possess no vital function4 ,!y %[ no beg9n+ or cessation ( life4 ,b1 once lock$ up 9 _! geometric solids1 !y rema9 p]man5tly endur+ =ms--concessively inorganic1 n functionally-end[$1 matt]4 ,to speak1 !re=e1 ( ! g]ms ( cry/als1 is us+ language t has no appreciable significance to u4 ,g]ms are embryonic1 & imply a law ( gr[?--a process ( assimilation1 n ( m]e aggregation4 ,b1 at ! risk ( be+ t$i\s1 let u ext5d ?is argum5t ( ! mat]iali/s a little fur!r3 ,! only diff]5ce1 !y w /ill insi/1 betwe5 ! prexi/+ g]ms ( cry/als & plants--or ! only diff]5ce ess5tially wor? notic+--is t cry/all9e p>ticles ( matt] are end[$ ) mu* less pot5tiality ( und]go+ div]sifi$ =ms & /ructural *anges ?an ! m highly favor$ vital p>ticles1 su* z ! prolig]\s pellicle1 ! biopla/1 ! pla/ide1 etc4 ,! "o repres5ts m]e cry/allizable matt]1 ! o!r ! m complex colloidal or album9oid sub/ance1 or t capable ( produc+ a mu* great] numb] ( aggregates4 ,! analogies1 !y conc$e1 end "h4 ,b ! diff]5ce is _w-wide :5 we come to processes--! true exp]im5tal te/ 9 all classification4 ,cry/allizable sub/ances cry/allize--t is all4 ,!y pass into a fix$ & immovable /ate1 & mo/ly into "o z endur+ z adamant2 :ile colloidal or album9oid matt] 7laboratory protoplasm7 takes on no fix$ =ms--only ^? t are ephem]al1 m]ely transitory4 ,?is is s m>k$ a feature1 9 respect to all ! primordial =ms ( life1 t ,pr(essor ,ba/ian gives !m ! m di/9ctive "n ( ephem]omorphs1 9 place ( infusoria4 ,b all ^! primordial =ms gr[--develop into vital activity4 ,n s ) a solit>y cry/al4 ,ev]y:]e ! /atical unit =ms1 ! dynamical unit gr[s2 ! "o aggregates1 ! o!r assimilates2 ! "o solidifies1 ! o!r op5s up into liv+ tissue2 ! "o re/s 9 ! embrace ( et]nal sil5ce1 ! o!r breaks ! adamant9e doors1 & makes nature resonant ) praise4 ,great /ress is laid by ! mat]iali/s on ! *angeability ( c]ta9 microscopic =ms1 & ! />tl+ metamorphoses !y app>5tly und]go 9 diff]5t infusions1 especially ^? =ms hav+ developm5tal t5d5cies t[>ds fungi & c]ta9 l[ =ms ( alg4 ,!y attribute _! diff]5t modes ( bran*+1 articulation1 segm5tation ( filam5ts1 etc41 bo? to intr9sic t5d5cies & extr9sic causes1 ! latt] dep5d+1 no d\bt1 9 a great measure ^u ! *emical *anges con/antly tak+ place 9 _! respective infusions4 ,^! intr9sic t5d5cies1 !y w\ld h u believe1 dep5d ^u ! dynamic =ce ( molecules1 r ?an any vital unit1 or ev5 *ange 9 elem5t>y conditions4 ,b ,dynamism simply implies t =ce inh]es 91 or app]ta9s to1 all mat]ial sub/ance1 )\t specifically designat+ ei!r ! quantity or quality ( ! inh]+ =ce4 ,if ^! mat]iali/s1 !re=e1 use ! t]ms dynamic =ce1 9 ?is connection1 9 ! s5se 9 :i* we use vital =ce1 or 9 ! s5se 9 :i* !y use /atical =ce z appli$ to ! =mation ( cry/als1 9 contradi/9ction f dynamical =ce z appli$ to liv+ organisms1 we h no special objection to urge aga9/ ?is p>ticul> =mula4 ,x pres5ts no su* =midable antagonism z ! vitali/s w\ld expect to enc\nt] f !m4 ,m4 ,dutro*et is approv+ly quot$ by ,pr(essor ,ba/ian1 z ass]t+ t he c\ld produce diff]5t g5]a ( m\ld9ess 7l[ mycological =ms7 at w1 by simply employ+ diff]5t infusions4 ,?is is unque/ionably true1 ) c]ta9 limitations4 ,& ! *ief limitation is z to 8 7,m4 ,dutro*et's7 w4 ,he might w1 = in/ance1 to plant "o field ) corn & ano!r ) potatoes1 b if ! husb&man he employ$ to d ! plant+ %\ld happ5 to plant ! "o crop :]e he _h will$ to plant ! o!r1 & corn %\ld gr[ :]e potatoes 7 plant$1 & vice v]sa1 !n he might be said to h produc$ corn at w4 ,& s ( 8 infusions4 ,no *ange 9 _! conditions enabl$ him to produce "o species1 mu* less a g5us1 ( m\ld9ess 9 pref]5ce to ano!r1 by any *ange 9 ! infusions employ$ by him4 ,! p[] :i* implants life 9 ! mycological _w1 implants x 9 e o!r _w1 f t )\t beg9n+ to t )\t end4 ,& ?is implant$ life is q z complete 9 "o =m z ano!r1-- ,z full1 z p]fect1 9 vile man t m\rns1 ,z ! rapt s]aph t adores & burns4 ,all t ! mat]iali/s c claim respect+ man's ag5cy 9 ! production ( life is1 t he may take advantage ( ! uni=m laws ( nature1 s f> z !y are kn[n to him1 plant+ se$s "h1 *ang+ *emical conditions !re1 us+ diff]5t infusions 9 8 exp]im5tal flasks1--organic or inorganic1 z he may *oose--& !n await ! action ( ^! uni=m laws4 ,he w f9d !m op]ative ev]y:]e1 & if he /udies !m deeply en\gh1 he w f9d t !y are n s mu* ! laws ( nature z !y are ! laws ( nature's ,god4 ,pr(essor ,ba/ian ?9ks he has conclusive evid5ce t :at he calls new-born specks ( liv+ matt] are produc$ de novo1 t is1 indep5d5tly ( any conceivable g]m or g]m9al pr9ciple ( life implant$ 9 nature4 ,b he conf\nds ?is implant$ pr9ciple ( life ) ! liv+ organism x produces4 ,8 morphological cells1 z well z pla/ide p>ticles1 are among ^! liv+ organisms1 z is conclusively %[n by 8 own exp]im5ts4 ,^! all p]i% 9 8 sup]-heat$ flasks4 ,b ! vital pr9ciple t produc$ !m--t :i* becomes g]m9al "u ! prop] conditional incid5ces--he c no m de/roy by exp]im5tation ?an he c create a new _w or annihilate ! old "o4 ,8 flask exp]im5ts1 !re=e1 prove no?+2 & all ?is talk ab\t de novo production is ! %e]e/ sci5tific delusion4 ,=1 7 x possible to de/roy e plant1 tree1 %rub1 blade ( grass1 we$1 se$1 und]gr\nd root1 nut1 & tub] to-day1 ! e>? w\ld teem ) j z div]sifi$ a vegetation z ev] to-morr[4 ,a few trees1 l ! gigantic conif]s ( ! ,pacific slope1 might n make _! appe>ance aga91 & "s plants might drop out ( ! local flora2 b ! ,pat] omnipot5s !r ( ,virgil1 w\ld desc5d into ! bosom ( 8 joy\s sp\se 7! e>?71 &1 great himself1 m+le ) h] great body1 9 all ! prodigality1 pr(usion1 & weal? ( vegetation z be=e4#bg ,b ^! defiant *all5g]s ( ! vitali/s1 :o refuse u ev5 ! "r to assume ! exi/5ce ( a special vital =ce 9 nature1 are any?+ b consi/5t 9 _! logical d$uctions4 ,= :ile !y resolutely d5y ! invasion ( vital g]ms 9 _! exp]im5tal flasks1 !y talk z flippantly ( ! g]ms ( cry/als1 & _! pres5ce 9 sal9e & o!r solutions1 z if !re 7 no sci5tific =mula m satisfactorily g5]aliz$ ?an t e/abli%+ _! exi/5ce4 ,ev5 ,pr(essor ,ba/ian speaks ( g]ms1 9 a g5]al s5se1 z if !y ?rong$ ! e>?1 air1 wat]1 & ev5 ! /ratifi$ rocks1 9 c\ntless & unlimit$ numb]s4 ,b we fail to see t any ( 8 accurately obta9$ results det]m9e _! exclusion f ! exp]im5tal m$ia employ$ by him = t purpose4 ,8 unit ( value is a morphological cell1 a d]ivative organism r ?an a prim>y vital unit2 & all organisms are1 z we h be=e said1 de/ructible by heat4 ,pr(essor ,agassiz is pretty good au?ority = d\bt+ ! exi/5ce ( su* a cell4 ,! difficulty ( assign+ to x any def9itional value is1 t x lies too ne> ! ultimate implications ( matt]--^? %ad[y & inexplicable conf9es n yet rea*$--to admit ( any sci5tific explication necess>ily re/+ on objective data4 ,if !y mean by g]ms prim>y organic cells1 !n none exi/ 9 _! sup]-heat$ infusions1 & !y are logical en\gh 9 reject+ ! idea ( _! invasion4 ,b 9 assum+ ! cell to be ! ultimate unit ( value1 is :]e !y trip 9 attribution1 & /umble ^u a p>tial judgm5t only4 ,! only value atta*+ to _! !ory ( cry/all9e g]ms is1 t x conclusively e/abli%es ! law ( uni=mity by :i* all /ructural =ms are det]m9$1 :e!r !y orig9ate 9 organic infusions or inorganic solutions--9 protoplasm or protoprism4 ,! cry/all9e sy/em pres5ts no v>iability 9 types1 b a rigid adh]5ce to specific =ms ( def9itely det]m9$ value4 ,:atev] geometrical figure any p>ticul> cry/al assum$ at fir/1 x has cont9u$ to assume ev] s9ce1 & w =ev] assume h]eaft]4 ,z a prim>y conception ( ! ,div9e ,int5dm5t 7to speak aft] ! mann] ( ,leibnitz7 x c nei!r *ange itself1 nor become subject to any law ( *ange1 or v>iability1 f et]nally fix$ types4 ,& ?is is z demon/rably true ( all liv+ types1 aft] rea*+ ! po9t ( h]$ity1 z ( ! c\ntless cry/all9e =ms t g to make up ! pr9cipal bulk ( our planet4 ,9 ?is light1 & z af=d+ ?is conclusive induction1 ! cry/all9e argum5t ( ! mat]iali/s has its value4 ,! mat]iali/s %\ld n too m9c+ly *op logic ov] ! validity ( _! own reason+4 ,if !y =ce ^u u _! conclusions respect+ /atical aggregates1 or cry/all9e =ms1 let !m accept ! inductions t inevitably foll[ 9 ! case ( dynamical aggregates1 or liv+ organisms4 ,begg>s ( conditions %\ld n be *oos]s ( conditions1 nor %\ld !y be al l[$ to dodge equival5t judgm5ts :]e ! validity ( "o proposition manife/ly re/s ^u t ( ano!r4 ,if !y insi/ ^u ! pres5ce ( a *emical unit1 or1 worse /ill1 a cry/all9e g]m or unit1 9 ! case ( /atical aggregations1 !y are effectually e/opp$ f d5y+ ! pres5ce ( vital units 9 dynamical aggregations4 ,& if !y fur!r =ce ^u u ! conviction t ! process ( aggregation1 :5 once det]m9$1 rema9s 9 ! "o case1 et]nally fix$ & c]ta91 !y %\ld n be p]mitt$ to turn r\nd & insi/ t1 9 ! o!r case1 !re is no?+ fix$ & c]ta91 b all is v>iability1 *ange1 unc]ta9ty ( specific =ms4 ,if vital units h only a hypo!tical exi/5ce1 !n *emical units1 /atical units1 & morphological units1 %\ld fall into ! same categories ( judgm5t4 ,a great deal ( ne$less +5uity has be5 wa/$1 bo? by ! vitali/s & mat]iali/s1 9 =mulat+ impossible def9itions ( life--9 attempts to tell u :at life is4 ,b ,mr4 ,h]b]t ,sp5c] is believ$1 by 8 _m admir]s1 to h hit ^u ! precise explanatory phrases necess>y to convey its true def9itional mean+4 ,he def9es x z ! cont9u\s adju/m5t ( int]nal relations to ext]nal relations4 ,?is def9ition1 :5 fir/ =mulat$1 0 receiv$ by all ! mat]iali/s ( ,europe ) ! wilde/ en?usiasm4 ,x 0 absolutely p]fect4 ,all ! ph5om5al facts ( life fitt$ into x1 z "o box1 9 a ne/ ( !m1 fitt$ into ano!r4 ,! univ]sal _w 0 *all5g$ to %[ t any o!r ph5om5al fact ?an ! "o ( life w\ld fit into ?is prodigi\s =mula ( ,mr4 ,sp5c]4 ,! ,london ,times tri$ its h& on x1 b only 9 a playful way4 ,x said3 ,all ! _w1 or at lea/ all liv+ ?+s1 are no?+ b l>ge boxes conta9+ an inf9ite numb] ( little boxes1 "o )9 ! o!r1 & ! lea/ & t9ie/ box ( all conta9s ! g]m1--! elem5t>y pr9ciple ( life4 ,b ?is 0 h>dly a legitimate *>act]ization4 ,a ne/ ( boxes pres5ts no idea ( cont9u\s adju/m5t1 nor are ! int]nal relations ( "o box adju/$ to ! ext]nal relations ( ano!r4 ,! def9ition is really t ( a piece ( work+ ma*9]y--any work+ ma*9]y--& 0 design$ to cov] ,mr4 ,sp5c]'s !ory ( molecul> ma*9]y z run by molecul> =ce4 ,b ! e>? pres5ts ! mo/ p]fect adju/m5t ( int]nal relations to ^? t are ext]nal1 & x cont9u\sly pres5ts !m4 ,ev5 ! upheaval ( its fire-spitt+ m\nta9s af=ds ! highe/ demon/ration ( ! adju/m5t ( its inn] t]re/rial =ces to ^? t are purely ext]nal2 & mu* m does x %[ ! adju/m5t ( its int]nal to its ext]nal relations4 ,!re is a cont9u\s adaptation ( means to ends1 ( causes to effects1 ( adju/m5ts to re-adju/m5ts1 9 respect to ! *>act]i/ics ( ! e>?'s surface--its physical configuration1 ! di/ribution ( its fluids & solids1 its fauna & flora1 its hygrometric & !rmometric conditions1 its ocean1 w9d1 & electro-magnetic curr5ts1 & ev5 its meteorological manife/ations--all %[+ a cont9u\s adju/m5t ( int]ior to ext]ior conditions or relations4 ,! e>? %\ld1 !re=e1 fall "u ! category ( life1 accord+ to ,h]b]t ,sp5c]'s def9itional =mula4 ,& s %\ld an automatic danc+-jack t is made to run by int]nal adju/m5ts to ext]nal movem5ts or manife/ations4 ,!re are any numb] ( ,pr(essor ,ba/ian's ephemoromorphs t d n live half z long z "o ( ^! automatic danc+-jacks w run1 & s long z !y run1 ! adju/m5t ( _! int]nal to _! ext]nal relations is cont9u\s4 ,! success ( ,mr4 ,sp5c]'s def9ition ( life enc\rag$ ,pr(essor ,ba/ian to try 8 h& at x1 ) ?is def9itional result3 ,life1 he says1 is an un/able collocation ( ,matt] 7) a big ,m71 capable ( gr[+ by selection & int]/itial appropriation ( new matt] 7:at new matt]87 :i* !n assumes simil> qualities1 ( cont9ually v>y+ 9 composition 9 response to v>iations ( its ,m$ium 7ano!r big ,m71 & :i* is capable ( self-multiplication by ! sep>ation ( portions ( its own sub/ance4 ,x %all n be our fault if ! read] fails to und]/& ?is def9ition--to untwi/ ?is =midable =mula ( life4 ,& we c be/ aid him by grammatically analyz+ its /ructure4 ,&1 #a4 ,life is capable ( gr[+4 ,we are glad to "k ?is4 ,z a vitali/ x enables u to take a /ep t[>ds ! front--gets u (f ! back seat to :i* we 7 summ>ily ord]$ at ! outset ( ?is inquiry4 ,we let its un/able collocation pass = :at x is wor?1 & /ick to our grammatical analysis4 #b4 ,life gr[s--is capable ( do+ some?+4 ,?is assurance positively enc\rages u4 #c4 ,x gr[s by selection & int]/itial appropriation4 ,?is is /ill m enc\rag+4 ,x embold5s u to take a second /ep =w>d4 ,life1 we feel1 is increas+ 9 pot5tiality4 #d4 ,by appropriation x enables new matt] to assume simil> qualities to old matt]4 ,?is makes u m confid5t ?an ev]2 we take ano!r /ep =w>d--are half dispos$ to take two ( !m4 ,life is gett+ to be almo/ a pot5tiat$ pot5tiality1 to adopt ! /yle ( mat]iali/ic phrases4 #e4 ,x causes matt] to cont9ually v>y 9 composition4 ,bravo6 we unhesitat+ly take two /eps =w>d on ! /r5g? ( ?is mo/ com=t+ assurance4 ,life is assur$ly gett+ ! upp]h& ( ,matt] 7) a big ,m47 ,x is no long] a m]e undiscov]$ correlate ( motion--a hypo!tical slave to matt] only4 ,x wre/les ) x--?r[s x into ! %ade4 ,we involunt>ily take sev]al m /eps =w>d4 #f4 ,life is capable ( self-multiplication--has almo/ a creative faculty4 ,"h we int]ject a p]fect bravura ( bravoes1 &1 /epp+ boldly up to ! front1 dem& ( ,pr(essor ,ba/ian to ?r[ up ! sponge1 take a back seat1 & !re--=mulate u a new def9ition ( life4 ,b our ,london ,univ]sity mat]iali/ is n entirely satisfi$ ) 8 own def9ition1 or at lea/ ) ! moral effect ( x4 ,he ?9ks t all ^! attempts to def9e life z a non-entity only1 t5d to keep up ! demoraliz+ idea t x is an actual entity4 ,we entirely agree ) him 9 ?is conclusion4 ,! infelicity & entire inconclusiv5ess ( ! def9ition he has v\*saf$ u c h>dly h any o!r effect4 ,he sees ?is himself1 & h5ce ?is foot-note to 8 great "w on ,ephem]omorphs3 ,inasmu* z no life c exi/ )\t an organism1 ( :i* x is ! ph5om5al manife/ation1 s x seems comp>atively useless to attempt to def9e ?is ph5om5al manife/ation alone--&1 :at is worse1 su* attempts t5d to keep up ! idea t life is an indep5d5t entity4 ,x may be object$ t our grammatical analysis ( ! pr(essor's def9ition ( life is unfair1 s9ce he manife/ly int5d$ t x %\ld cov] a liv+ ?+1 & n life z an ab/ract1 t]m4 ,our reply to ?is is1 t he makes no di/9ction betwe5 ! two4 ,life1 ) him1 is simply a ph5om5al manife/ation4 ,! two are correlative t]ms2 s t 8 def9ition ( ! "o mu/ necess>ily be ! def9ition ( ! o!r1 ei!r z an id5tical or p>tial judgm5t4 ,b let u take 8 def9ition entirely out ( its ab/ract s5se1 & run x into ! concrete4 ,! able pa?ological anatomi/ ( ! ,london ,univ]sity college is a liv+ ?+4 ,he is1 !re=e1 presumably a ph5om5al manife/ation4 ,he is capable ( gr[+1 by selection & int]/itial appropriation1 9 reputation at lea/1 if n 9 ! direction ( an indep5d5t entity4 ,8 "w ( twelve hundr$ pages1 cov]+ 8 labori\s delv+s into ! ephem]omorphic _w1 is conclusive on ?is po9t4 ,z a ph5om5al manife/ation alone1 any attempt to def9e ei!r him or 8 pr(essional labors1 may be worse ?an useless1 s9ce x w\ld t5d to keep up ! idea t he is an actual ,london entity4 ,we are v confid5t t he is n a ,london non-entity1 b are will+ to agree t he is ei!r ! "o or ! o!r4 ,! flaw t we are aft] lies 9 8 int]/itial logic1 n 9 ! halluc9ation 9 :i* he indulges respect+ non5tities4 ,8 assumption t life _c exi/ )\t an organism1 ( :i* x is ! ph5om5al manife/ation1 is :at we propose to deal )4 ,n[1 directly ! rev]se ( ?is proposition is :at is true4 ,an organism _c exi/ )\t life or an indep5d5t vital pr9ciple 9 nature1 any m ?an cele/ial bodies c be held 9 _! place indep5d5tly ( gravitation4 ,! vital pr9ciple t organizes mu/ prec$e ! ?+ organiz$ or ! liv+ organism1 z ! great =mative pr9ciple ( ! univ]se 7call x ! w ( ,god1 gravitation or :at y may7 mu/ h exi/$ be=e ! fir/ _w-aggregation4 ,9 logic1 we mu/ ei!r advance or fall back--insi/ ^u prec$5ce be+ giv5 to cause ov] effect1 or d5y _! relative connection altoge!r4 ,! organism is ! ph5om5al manife/ation1 n ! vital pr9ciple :i* organizes x4 ,to say t !re c be no manife/ation ( life )\t an organism is true2 b to assume t ! vital pr9ciple :i* organizes is dep5d5t on its own organism = its manife/ation is absurd4 ,x w\ld be ! less] fallacy to d5y ! ph5om5al fact altoge!r1 & insi/ t cause & effect are m]e intellectual ab]rations1 or su* absurd m5tal processes z f9d no correlative expression 9 nature1 z t embody+ ! idea ( ei!r an antec$5t or a consequ5t4 ,plato liv$4 ,he ate1 he drank1 he talk$ div9ely4 ,he 0 ! occupant ( an admirably con/ruct$ life-mansion2 "o t ,/4 ,paul w\ld h look$ ^u z ! temple ( ,god1 & all ! _w w\ld h recogniz$ z a god-l temple4 ,8 head 0 a /udy = ! ,greek *isel2 none 0 ev] m p]fectly model$1 or arti/ically execut$4 ,all agre$ 9 ?is4 ,& yet x 0 n ! habitat b ! habitant t attract$ ! admiration ( ! ,greek m9d2 enk9dl$ its highe/ en?usiasm2 drew all ! s*ools ( philosophy1 ab\t him at once4 ,x 0 ! lordly occupant ( ! temple1 ! indwell+ ,ar*eus1 presid+ ov] all ! organic ph5om5a & direct+ all ! dynamic p[]s !re91 :i* 0 s pr(\ndly pres5t 9 ! liv+ ,plato4 ,ev5 ,pr(essor ,haeckel1 ( ! fam\s ,univ]sity ( ,j5a1 w\ld n d5y ?is1 ) all t 8 new t]ms ontog5y & phylog5y may imply4 ,:5 pot5tial life pass$ ov] into actual life 9 ! individual ,plato1 x 0 n ! pabulum t assimilat$ ! man1 b ! man ! pabulum4 ,if ?is 7 n s1 !n ! m]e pot5tiality ( gr[+1 z 9 ! case ( plants & animals1 w\ld be all !re is to di/+ui% ! ph5om5al manife/ation ( a ,plato f t ( a mole or a cabbage-/alk4 ,9 o!r words1 if ! animat+ pr9ciple ( life--or1 z ! ,bible has x1 ! animat+ s\l ( life--is n :at manife/s itself 9 mat]ial embodim5t1 b ! rev]se1 :at c ,pr(essor ,haeckel mean by 8 new t]m phylog5y1 :i* ought to cov] ! l9es ( desc5t 9 all organic be+s8 ,if x be a "q ( m]e pabulum1 x is altoge!r mal pos4 ,pabulum is no?+ )\t a prexi/+ some?+ to dispose ( x4 ,x is n s mu* z a jelly-mass breakfa/ = "o ( ,pr(essor ,haeckel's protamoeb2 = if x 7 s]v$ up 9 advance1 !re w\ld be none ( 8 little non-nucleat$ jelly-eat]s to p>take ( x1 mu* less any ( 8 protog5es4 ,z ! fam\s ,mrs4 ,glass w\ld say1 9 h] h&-book ( cook]y1 if y want a delightful curry1 fir/ cat* y\r h>e4 ,b our +5i\s pr(essor ( ,j5a disp5ses ) bo? ! h>e & ! curry1 9 s]v+ up 8 pabulum to ! protamoeb4 ,! improvid5t pabulum evolves its own eat]s1 & !n1 spid]-l1 is evisc]at$ by !m1 z 0 ,actaeon by 8 own h\nds4 ,z ,life1 !re=e1 beg9s 9 ! trag$y ( ,m\nt ,ci?ron1 x is to be hop$ x w end 9 ! delights ( ,artemis & h] ba?+ nymphs4 ,*apt] ,,viii4 ,mat]iali/ic ,!ories ( ,life ,refut$4 ,! me?ods by :i* ! advocates ( a purely physical orig9 ( life seek to e/abli% ! correctness ( _! conclusions1 are un=tunately n always att5d$ by uni=m results 9 exp]im5tation4 ,!y subject _! solutions ( organic matt] to a v high temp]ature by means ( sup]-heat$ flasks1 ! tubes to :i* are s pack$ 9 r$-hot mat]ials t :atev] air may ent] !m %all enc\nt] a mu* great] degree ( heat ?an t indicat$ by boil+ wat]4 ,at ?is temp]ature 7#ajj ,c--#bab ,f7 !y assume t all liv+ organisms p]i%1 especially :5 ! solutions conta9+ !m h be5 kept1 = ! space ( fifte5 or tw5ty m9utes1 at ?is /&>d po9t ( heat4 ,b1 9 ! light ( all ! exp]im5ts :i* h be5 made 9 ?is direction1 !re is "s d\bt z to ! entire correctness ( _! assumption4 ,t _m1 if n mo/ liv+ organisms1 p]i% at a temp]ature ( #ajj ,c1 !re is little or no d\bt2 b t !re are "s :i* are mu* m t5aci\s ( life1 t is1 possess great] vital resi/ance to heat1 is equally unque/ionable4 ,m4 ,pa/eur1 = in/ance1 m5tions ! spores ( c]ta9 fungi :i* are capable ( g]m9at+ aft] an exposure ( "s m9utes to a temp]ature ( #abj to #abe ,c4 7#bdh-beg ,f71 :ile ! same spores entirely lose _! g]m9at+ p[] aft] an exposure = half an h\r or m to a slightly high] temp]ature4 ,dr4 ,grace-,calv]t1 9 a pap] on ,! ,action ( ,heat on ,protoplasmic ,life1 rec5tly publi%$ 9 ! proce$+s ( ! ,royal ,society1 ass]ts t c]ta9 black vibrios are capable ( resi/+ ! action ( fluids at a temp]ature z high z #cjj ,f1 al?\gh expos$ !re9 = half an h\r or m4 ,b none ( ^! crucial te/s1 h[ev] div]se 9 exp]im5tal results1 really t\* ! all-important "q 9 controv]sy4 ,!y all relate ei!r to liv+ organisms1 or to ! se$s & spores ( vegetation1 n to liv+ inde/ructible g]ms--invisible vital units--decl>$ to be 9 ! e>? itself4 ,we use ! t]m vital unit 9 ! same re/rict$ s5se 9 :i* ! mat]iali/s speak ( *emical units1 morphological units1 etc41 :i* !y admit are invisible 9 ! microscopic field1 & h5ce !y c h no positive in=mation z to _! de/ructibility or inde/ructibility by heat4 ,t ?is vital unit lies1 9 its true functional t5d5cies1 betwe5 ! *emical & morphological units--manife/+ itself 9 ! conditions ( ! "o & result+ 9 ! /ructural developm5t ( ! o!r--is no new or />tl+ !ory1 b "o t has be5 m or less obscurely h9t$ at by ,leibnitz1 & ev5 ackn[l$g$ z possible by ,h]b]t ,sp5c]4 ,x is ?is vital unit t assimilates or aggregates protoplasmic matt] into ! morphological cell1 or ! initial organism 9 a vital /ructure1 or an approa* t[>ds /ructural =m4 ,morphological cells are n !re=e units1 consid]$ z ! lea/ ( any giv5 :ole1 nor are !y m]e /ructureless matt]1 or any m homog5e\s 9 "* ?an 9 sub/ance4 ,diff]5t *emical solutions give rise to diff]5t morphological cells1 z diff]5tly con/itut$ soils produce diff]5t vegetal gr[?s4 ,*ange ! *emical conditions 9 any solution or infusion1 & y *ange ! entire morphological "* ( ! infusoria appe>+ !re94#bh ,! cells are liv+ organisms spr++ f vital units1 & c no m manife/ !mselves indep5d5tly ( ^! units ?an life c manife/ itself indep5d5tly ( an actual organism4 ,& !y make _! appe>ance 9 ! prop] environ+ conditions1 j z ! oak comes f its primordial g]m or vital unit 9 ! *emically *ang$ conditions ( ! soil4 ,ev]y:]e ! vital g]m or unit prec$es ! vital gr[? z ! plant or tree prec$es ! natural se$s x be>s4 ,?is is n only ! logical ord]1 b ! exact sci5tific me?od ( vital manife/ation & gr[?4 ,9 ?is tru? lies ! :ole my/]y ( vegetal & animal life z hi!rto manife/$ on our globe1 ) ! s+le exception ( man ^: cr[n+ di/9ction x 0 to receive a liv+ s\l4 ,?is may be reject$ z a sci5tific /atem5t1 b its v]ification w appe> 9 ! v act ( its rejection4 ,pry z deeply z we may into ! arcana ( nature 9 se>* ( exact sci5tific tru?1 & we %all ultimately l& 9 "o or ! o!r ( ^! propositions1--ei!r t nature 0 orig9ally end[$ ) "s occult & unkn[n p[] to br+ =?1 :i* p[] is ei!r cont9u\sly inh]5t or cont9u\sly imp>t$1 or else specific creation 0 ! pr$et]m9$ plan & purpose1 ) no high] or m specializ$ animal or vegetal =ms ?an 7 specifically creat$ 9 ! beg9n+4 ,o!rwise1 we are inevitably =c$ back1 by our m5tal processes1 :i* we _c resi/1 ^u an effect )\t a cause--a physical law ( ! univ]se )\t any conceivable law-giv]--an all-p]vad+1 all-en]giz+ pr9ciple ( matt] :i* mu/ h exi/$ z a cause inf9itely ant]ior to its fir/ effect4 ,& ?is is =c+ language into su* crazy & p>alytic conclusions z to utt]ly de/roy its effici5cy z a vehicle ( ?\ght4 ,to conceive ( ! exi/5ce ( ! univ]se1 or ( any possible law t may be op]ative !re91 )\t an adequate antec$5t cause1 is z metaphysically impossible z to conceive ( sub/ance )\t =m1 space )\t ext5sion1 or a ,god :o has be5 sup]c$$ 9 ! univ]se by ! op]ation ( 8 own laws4 ,= if ! _w-orda9+ & _w-arrang+ intellig5ce ( ! univ]se has ceas$ to orda9 & arrange1--if all ?+s !re9 h be5 left to ! op]ation ( fix$ & et]nally un*angeable laws--!n no fur!r sup]visional direction is requir$ on ! "p ( ei!r an inf9ite or a f9ite intellig5ce1 & our idea ( a ,god mu/ disappe> 9 ! p>am\nt induction ( a univ]se :i* has successfully ris5 up 9 insurrection aga9/ its own mak] & lawgiv]1 if x has n remorselessly consign$ him to "s inconceivable limbo outside ( ! univ]se itself4 ,b ?is ,titanic1 & worse ?an satanic1 insurrection on ! "p ( a univ]se ( matt] & motion1 is only ! conjectural co9age ( ! human bra9--! wild supposition haz>d$ by ! mat]iali/ic m9d--& =tunately has no conceivable c\nt]p>t outside ( x4 ,b ! palpable blund]1 9 mat]iali/ic sci5ce1 consi/s 9 its ov]look+ ! necess>y outgr[? ( !ological ideas 9 ! human m9d--z conclusively a ph5om5al fact ( nature z ! inv>iable uni=mity ( a/ronomical movem5ts1 ! ebb & fl[ ( ! tides1 or ! electro-magnetic waves ( ! e>? itself4 ,& nature furni%es no great] clue to ! "o set ( ph5om5a ?an ! o!r4 ,= :5 we say t bodies act "o ^u ano!r by ! =ce ( gravity1 we are no ne>] an explication ( ! =ce itself1 ?an we %\ld be 7 we to allege any correspond+ manife/ation on ! "p ( ! human m9d4 ,kant says2 ,we _c conceive ( ! exi/5ce ( matt] )\t ! =ces ( attraction & repulsion--! conflict ( two elem5t>y =ces 9 ! univ]se2 mu* less c we h any conception ( ! elem5t>y =ces !mselves4 ,sci5ce c1 !re=e1 assign no m conclusive reason = ov]look+ psy*ical manife/ations ?an physical ph5om5a4 ,nor is ! "o set ( ph5om5a any m m>vell\s 9 its manife/ations ?an ! o!r4 ,!y may bo? furni% food = speculative ?\ght & inquiry1 & yet ! ne>] we get to ! ultimate implications ( ei!r1 ! m completely are we lo/ 9 ,pr(essor ,tyndall's primordial haze1 f :i* he assumes t ! univ]se1 & all ! ph5om5al manife/ations !re91 orig9ally came4 ,b h[ev] rapidly ^! mat]iali/ic !ories may disappe> 9 ! sci5tific wa/e-basket ( ! future1 !re is "o sublime v]ity t w /& ! te/ ( all "t1 & t is1 t ! moral univ]se ( ,god is no less complete1 9 ! ,div9e ,int5dm5t1 ?an ! physical univ]se1 :ile ! latt] is s int]-correlat$ & int]-tissu$ ) ! =m]1 9 all its conceivable relations1 t x c no m exi/ indep5d5tly ( its correlative1 ?an matt] c exi/ indep5d5tly ( space1 or "t indep5d5tly ( et]nity4 #bi ,accord+ to ?is view ( ,leibnitz1 all liv+ organisms h _! own ess5ce1 or ess5tial qualities & *>act]i/ics4 ,!y h be5 f all et]nity 9 ! ,div9e ,int5dm5t1 & c und]go no *anges or modifications :i* %all make !m ess5tially diff]5t f :at !y 7 9 ! beg9n+1 or are n[4 ,?is is n only true ( ! g]ms t are 9 !mselves ^u ! e>?1 b ( e liv+ ?+1 :e!r ly+ )9 or beyond ! telescopic or microscopic limits4 ,z a law ( causation1 z well z ( consecutive ?\ght1 !re mu/ be 9 ! ord] ( life 7all life7 a cont9u\s *a9 ( ideas l9k+ ! pa/ to ! pres5t1 ! pres5t to ! future1 & ! future to et]nity4 ,b t ?is cont9u\s *a9 is dep5d5t on m]e physical *anges or manife/ations1 is a logical induction utt]ly incapable ( be+ exhibit$ 9 sci5tific =mul4 ,! high] & m satisfactory induction is t :i* places cause be=e effect1 ! ,mak] be=e ! made1 ! ,creator be=e ! creature1 & s on1 9 ! analogical ord]1 till ! smalle/ conceivable vital unit is rea*$ 9 ! univ]se ( organic matt]4 ,to beg91 !re=e1 ) microscopic obs]vation1 at a po9t 9 ! ephem]omorphic _w :]e t optical in/rum5t fails to give back any intelligible answ]1 & syn!tically foll[ ?is *a9 ( causation upw>d & outw>d to ,dr4 ,tyndall's fi]y cl\d ( mi/1 9 :i* x is assum$ t all ! div]sifi$ possibilities & pot5tialities ( ! univ]se once lay lat5t1 may answ] ! logical necessities ( ! ,evolution !ory1 b w nev] satisfy ! inductive processes ( a ,plato1 a ,leibnitz1 or a ,newton4 ,pr(essor ,tyndall1 9 speak+ ( 8 fi]y-cl\d !ory1 says3 ,_m :o hold ! hypo!sis ( natural evolution w\ld probably ass5t to ! position 78 position7 t at ! pres5t mom5t all our philosophy1 all our poetry1 all our sci5ce1 all our art1--,plato1 ,%akespe>e1 ,newton1 & a ,da ,v9ci--are pot5tial 9 ! fires ( ! sun4 ,b1 to be consi/5t 9 _! inductions1 !y %\ld proclaim !mselves sun-wor%ipp]s at once1 & ascribe to t transc5d5t lum9>y all ! pot5tialities ( a univ]se ,fre%-teem+ f ! h& ( ,god4 ,b :at possible advantage1 we w\ld ask1 c ?is physical hypo!sis ( life h ov] t :i* ascribes to ,god ! issues ( all life 9 ! univ]se1 f ! highe/ to ! l[e/ liv+ organism8 ,we c positively conceive ( none b t ( plac+ ! cosmological c>t be=e ! horse1 & s h>ness+ cause & effect 9 t&em1 t ! latt] %all uni=mly prec$e ! =m] 9 ! *a9 ( logical induction4 ,z a dialectical feat1 9 exhibit+ ! high] possibilities ( logic1 x may h its advantages 9 subord9at+ ! facts ( sci5ce to ! high] illum9ations ( fancy1 & ?us re/+ ! basis ( reality on ! ev]-*ang+ & ev]-%ift+ assumptions ( ! human m9d4 ,= ! mat]iali/ic !ories ( to-day are n ^? ( ye/]day1 nor is !re any c]ta9ty t !y w be ^? ( to-morr[4 ,!y are almo/ z fanta/ic & v>iable z ! =ms ( ! kaleidoscope1 al?\gh1 z a g5]al rule1 !y lack ! symmetrical arrangem5ts & proportions ( t sci5tific toy4 ,pr(essor ,ba/ian1 9 consid]+ ! het]og5etic ph5om5a ( liv+ matt]1 is oblig$ to fall back1 ne> ! end ( 8 great "w1 on ! c\ntless myriads ( liv+ units :i* h be5 evolv$ 787 9 ! diff]5t ages ( ! _w's hi/ory4 ,b by :at process a vital unit c be evolv$1 he does n condesc5d to tell u4 ,he has no primordial =mless fog to fall back ^u z has ,pr(essor ,tyndall1 nor c he imag9e any?+ beyond ! lea/ ( possible conceptions 9 a *emical1 morphological1 or vital unit4 ,a unit c nei!r be evolv$ nor involv$2 x admits ( no squ>e1 no multiple1 no diff]5tiation2 x is simply ! ev]-pot5t unit ( organic pol>ity1 by :i* x multiplies effects1 b c nev] be multipli$ itself4 ,! *ief fault t we h to f9d ) ! ,london ,univ]sity pr(essor is t he conf\nds a morphological cell ) a morphological unit1 & insi/s ^u draw+ unw>rantable conclusions !refrom4 ,8 c\ntless myriads ( liv+ units are all well en\gh 9 _! way4 ,t !y exi/ 9 ! e>?1 & are con/antly develop$ into innum]able multitudes ( liv+ organisms1 ( almo/ inconceivable v>iety1 9 bo? ! animal & vegetal _w1 is true1 z he half-reluctantly admits 9 almo/ ! id5tical language we "h use4 ,& he also admits t morphological cells1 :5 once =m$1 cont9ue to gr[ by _! own individual p[] or inh]5t t5d5cy4 ,b be=e !y c manife/ any su* inh]5t t5d5cy1 !y mu/ be develop$ f ! vital units t lie back ( !m1 & on :i* _! manife/ation unque/ionably dep5ds4 ,! only d\bt t c possibly exi/ on ?is po9t is1 t ! process ( developm5t _c be det]m9$ by microscopic exam9ation4 ,b we may z well assume ! pres5ce ( vital units 9 ! case ( dynamical aggregates1 z = ,pr(essor ,ba/ian to insi/ ^u cry/all9e units 9 ! case ( /atical aggregates or cry/als4 ,bo? processes1 9 _! initial /ages ( developm5t1 lie beyond ! rea* ( human scrut9y1 & all t we "k1 or possibly c "k1 is1 t c]ta9 inorganic conditions are favorable = ! developm5t ( cry/als1 z c]ta9 organic conditions are favorable = ! developm5t ( morphological cells4 ,beyond ?is ,pr(essor ,ba/ian kn[s no?+--we "k no?+4 ,pr(essor ,beale1 9 8 rec5t "w on ! ,my/]y ( ,life--"o t is n[ ju/ly attract+ v wide att5tion--says3 ,betwe5 ! two sets ( ph5om5a1 physical & vital1 n ! fa9te/ analogy c be %[n to exi/4 ,! idea ( a p>ticle ( muscul> or n]ve tissue be+ =m$ by a process ak9 to cry/allization1 appe>s ridicul\s to any "o :o has /udi$ ! two classes ( ph5om5a1 or is acqua9t$ ) ! /ructure ( ^! tissues4 ,& he quietly1 yet effectively1 ridicules ! idea t ! ultimate molecules ( matt]--sub/antially ! same matt]1 9 fact--h ! p[] to arrange !mselves1 indep5d5tly ( vital t5d5cy1 alt]nately into a dog-cell or a man-cell1 accord+ to ! specific direction !y may take1 or ! incid5ce ( conditions !y may und]go1 9 _! prim>y movem5t4 ,& = ! b5efit ( ,pr(essor ,beale1 beh9d ^: biopla/s1 we place ! vital unit--n a v>iable b a con/ant unit--we w\ld h him be> 9 m9d 7:at he s well kn[s7 t ! f9e/ fibres t g to make up ^! tissues lie q beyond ! microscopic limit 9 _! int]lac$ & spirally-coil$ reticulations1 s t no?+ c be pr$icat$ ( _! ultimate contexture1 any m ?an ( ! ultimate di/ribution ( matt] itself4 ,he has himself trac$ ^! wond]fully m9ute n]ve-ramifications "u glasses ( ! highe/ magnify+ p[]1 & kn[s t _! ultimate di/ribution _c be rea*$4 ,let him come out !n1 z ! able/ vitali/ n[ liv+1 & boldly ass]t ! pres5ce ( ! man-unit & ! dog-unit1 in/ead ( fall+ back on 8 biopla/ic sp9n]s & weav]s ( tissue1 :i* are only ! s]vants & will+ work]s ( ! "o integral unit1 or life-direct+ =ce1 )94 ,x is f> m rational1 &1 at ! same "t1 m accordant ) /rict sci5tific me?ods1 to attribute ^! muscul> & n]ve reticulations to a s+le direct cause1 ?an to a multitude ( second>y causes4 ,!re is a _w-wide diff]5ce betwe5 ! dog-ego & ! man-ego2 b ! physical diff]5ces are n by any means ! greate/4 ,! biopla/ic sp9n]s & weav]s "w z ob$i5tly = ! "o ma/]-ego z ! o!r4 ,!y nev] /op to inquire h[ f> !y %all diff]5tiate ?is vital tissue or t1 or 9 :at direction ev5 !y %all "w4 ,n a ?read is spun nor a %uttle ?r[n t is n direct$ by ! "o head-web/] ( vital tissue4 ,^! ob$i5t biopla/s det]m9e no?+1 direct no?+4 ,ea* works 9 8 own cell z ob$i5tly z a galley-slave4 ,all specific modifications1 all det]m9ate movem5ts1 all molecul> arrangem5ts1 all multiplications ( biopla/ic =ce1 are ! "w ( ! "o vital web/]1 or pr9ciple ( life1 )9--t :i* %apes all1 directs all1 det]m9es all4 ,& ?is is true f ! fir/ or embryological inception ( ! dog-unit or g]m1 until ! real occupant ( ! dog-t5em5t dismisses 8 biopla/ic weav]s1 & lies d[n to die4 ,& s ( all vital units4 ,ea* det]m9es its own /ructural =m1 & un*angeably reta9s x to ! end1 ev5 to ! slighte/ impression ( a sc> inflict$ ye>s & ye>s be=e4 ,! occupant ( ?is dog-mansion has dismiss$ "o set ( biopla/ic weav]s aft] ano!r2 has ?r[n aside ?is spun tissue & t w>p & wo( ( wov5 texture1 "t & "t aga91 s t ! dog ( to-day is n ! same physical dog ( a ye> ago2 & yet he has ! same affection = 8 ma/]1 c>ries ) him ! same sc> receiv$ tw5ty ye>s be=e 9 ! *ase1 gives ! same glad b>k ( welcome z 8 own] ne>s home1 exhibits ! same *>act]i/ic wag 9 8 tail1 &1 ly+ d[n to sleep1 dreams ( ! once happy *ase 9 :i* he is no long] able to engage4 ,?is cont9u\s pres5ce ( ! same dog1 ?r\gh all ^! tw5ty ye>s ( physical *ange--! old dog reappe>+ 9 ! new1 a doz5 times ov]--is :at we mean by ! con/antly diff]5tiat+ yet undiff]5tiat$ dog-unit4 ,^? :o attempt to bisect ?is vital unit1 divide x up into "o fractional "p aft] ano!r1 until x %all repres5t a million biopla/ic work]s 9 z _m diff]5t cells1 are committ+ ! same sort ( folly--9 pr9ciple at lea/1 if n 9 practice--z t :i* l$ ! simple-m9d$ daught]s ( ,pelias to cut up _! fa!r1 9 ! expectation ( boil+ ! old biopla/s into new1 & !n1 by ! cunn+ aid ( ,m$ea1 :o direct$ ! op]ation1 reunit+ !m into ! "o ,pelia/ic-unit !y s mu* delight$ to honor4 ,b ?is fir/ & only record$ attempt at diff]5tiat+ a vital unit disa/r\sly fail$1 z ! read] ( anci5t my?s well kn[s1 al?\gh ! exp]im5t 0 conduct$ by ! mo/ c>eful & lov+ h&s4 ,! necess>y *emical re-ag5ts to reproduce life1 z well z ! necess>y processes ( produc+ x de novo h n yet be5 asc]ta9$1 nor is x likely !y ev] w be4 ,& h]e9 lies ! mo/ m>k$ di/9ction betwe5 cry/allizable matt] & liv+ sub/ance4 ,& yet !re is no evid5ce t ! vital pr9ciple p]i%es 9 ! de/ruction ( its tempor>y organism4 ,x is n ! mat]ial se$ t g]m9ates1 b ! vital pr9ciple x conta9s1 bur/+ =? f its environm5t into newness ( life4 ,all t c be alleg$ ( ei!r boil$ or calc9$ se$s is1 t ! mat]ial sub/ances ( :i* !y 7 compos$ are s *ang$ 9 _! *emical con/itu5ts1 or molecul> adju/m5t1 t !y are no long] capable ( develop+1 or be+ develop$1 into a liv+ organism4 ,pr9ciples nev] die1 & ?is is z true ( ! vital pr9ciples 9 nature1 z ^? obta9+ 9 e?ics & morals4 ,7 x possible to re/ore ! exact *emical conditions & con/itu5t p>ticles ( ! boil$ or calc9$ se$1 !re is no m d\bt t nature w\ld respond to ! environ+ conditions1 & give =? ! prop] expression ( plant-life1 ?an !re is t cry/als ( sp> w\ld make _! appe>ance 9 an ov]*>g$ ba? *emically prep>$ = t purpose4 ,x is n ! album9\s sub/ance enclos$ 9 ! se$1 b ! vital pr9ciple !re9--t cont9u\sly imp>t$ to nature f ! great vital f\nta9 ( ! univ]se--:i* burgeons =? into life :5ev] & :]ev] ! requir$ conditions obta94 ,9 pro( ( ?is /atem5t1 we might in/ance any numb] ( cases :]e rec5tly ab&on$ brick-y>ds & o!r clayey excavations1 7 situat$ at consid]able di/ances f any natural wat]-c\rses1 or fi%-/ock$ ponds1 f :i* spawn c\ld h be5 d]iv$1 & yet ^! excavations h no soon] be5 fill$ ) p]man5tly /&+ ra9 wat]1 ?an c]ta9 small fi%es ( ! ,cypr9idae & o!r families1 h made _! appe>ance !re94#cj ,nobody has ?\ght ( /ock+ ^! /&+ pools ( wat] ) ! fi% 9 "q1 nor has !re be5 any surface ov]fl[ to acc\nt = _! pres5ce1 nor any o!r app>5t means ( transportation1 if we except ! fi%-cat*+ birds1 & !y g5]ally swall[ _! food 9 ! wat] or on ! ne>e/ tree to ! po9t ( capture4 ,any !ory acc\nt+ = ! pres5ce ( spawn is1 !re=e1 out ( ! "q4 ,?is spawn mu/ h trav]s$ h>d clay deposits = ! di/ance ( half a mile or m to make _! appe>ance 9 ^! wat]s4 ,! only possible explanation ( ?is class ( ph5om5a1 & !y are by no means infrequ5t1 is to be f\nd 9 favor+ conditions & ! pres5ce ( vital units4 ,!y are primordial manife/ations ( life1 & su* z w\ld h made _! appe>ance 9 any correspond+ latitude ( ! s\!rn hemisph]e1 "u ! same favor+ conditions4 ,& ?is is true ( all liv+ organisms f ! l[e/ morphological cell1 9 ! i*?yologic _w1 to ! highe/ & lordlie/ conif] t gr[s4 ,_! spawn & se$s are p]i%able by heat1 b ! vital pr9ciple t organizes !m is z imp]i%able 9 "o elem5t z ano!r4 ,no sev5-times heat$ furnace1 mu* less ! exp]im5tal flasks ( ! physici/1 w affect a vital pr9ciple ( nature any m ?an a ,may-morn+ puff ( ! ea/ w9d w\ld %ake ,olympus4 ,& all ! c\ntless myriads ( vital units 9 nature are n[ manife/+ !mselves 9 animal & vegetal =ms1 "u favor+ conditions1 ! same z 9 ^? f>-di/ant epo*s ( ! _w's hi/ory :5 a m exub]ant vegetation prevail$1 if n a m ab\nd+ animal life4 ,! same p]si/5t1 ev]-act+ law ( vital developm5t & gr[? has be5 pres5t1 9 all conditions & circum/ances ( matt]1 ev] s9ce ! detritus ( ! silici\s rocks felt ! fir/ influ5ce ( ! ra9s1 ! dews1 & ! sunlight4 ,!n ! e>? comm5c$ to br+ =? ! grass1 ! h]b yield+ se$1 & ! fruit-trees yield+ fruit1 aft] 8 k9d2 & 9 _! gr[? 0 laid ! f\ndation ( animal life4 ,:e!r !re 0 any audible or inaudible comm& ( ,god utt]$ at ! "t1 is n ! "q4 ,x is ! fact ( vital gr[? t we are aft]1 & n ! comm&4 ,! geologic records atte/ ! fact1 z well z ! ev]-act+ vital law2 & x is en\gh = u to "k1 ) /urdy old ,ri*>d ,hook]1 t all law--& especially all vital law--has h] seat 9 ! bosom ( ,god1 & h] voice is ! h>mony ( ! _w4 ,pr(essor ,beale1 :ile resolutely combat+ ! physical hypo!sis ( life1 is n a little un=tunate 9 8 use ( sci5tific t]ms4 ,he is con/antly us+ ^? ( liv+ matt] & dead matt]1 z if !y conta9$ no fatal concession to ! mat]iali/s1 ) :i* to completely ov]?r[ 8 own ultimate conclusions z to life4 ,= he ga9s no?+ by m]ely sub/itut+ bioplasm & biopla/s = protoplasm & pla/ide p>ticles4 ,! ess5tial plasma 9 bo? cases is ! same1 & beh9d ea* lies ! vital unit or pr9ciple !re9 manife/$--! invisible1 inde/ructible g]m or ,,zra ( ! ,bible g5esis4 ,liv+ organisms come1 ( c\rse1 f ?is ess5tial plasma1 b )\t an elem5t>y pr9ciple or vital unit !re91 !re w\ld be no biopla/s1 9 ! s5se 9 :i* ,pr(essor ,beale uses ?is t]m4 ,^! biopla/s are liv+ organisms :i* take up nutri5t matt] & conv]t x by assimilation into tissues1 n]ves1 fibres1 bones1 etc4--into ! high] & m complex organs t g to make up liv+ /ructure4 ,?is my/]i\s transmutation ( "o ?+ into ano!r1 z organic matt] into liv+ organisms1 is due to a vitally implant$ pr9ciple1 n to ^! little biopla/s1 or m]e epi!lial & o!r tools ) :i* ! vital pr9ciple works4 ,to apply ! t]m liv+ matt] to ! tools ) :i* a liv+ /ructure is built up1 is to lose sight ( ! ma/]-me*anic us+ !m = an app>5tly intellig5t purpose4 ,! microscope may demon/rate t ^! little biopla/s ?rob--h life2 b !re is no intellig5t purpose manife/$ by !m except z !y are mov$ by an unse5 h& t conclusively directs ! :ole /ructural "w--builds up ! "o complete symmetrical /ructure1 n its ?\s& indep5d5t p>ts hav+ no relation to a g5]al plan4 ,! future "l & occupant ( ! mansion is presumably pres5t1 & if he uses tools t ?rob & h life1 x is because ev]y?+ he t\*es is quick5$ into life t x may be ! m ob$i5t to 8 w4 ,if ?is /ructure be ! s\l-end[$ "o ( man1 ! vital pr9ciple imp>t$ is t :i* fa%ions ! epi!lial tools1 & uses !m1 z well 9 lay+ ! embryological f\ndation1 z 9 cr[n+ its "w ) t _m-color$ dome ( ?\ght fla%+ ! :ite radiance ( et]nity4 ,mr4 ,joseph ,cook1 :o en?usia/ically foll[s ,pr(essor ,beale 9 8 !ory ( life1 9 "o ( 8 ,bo/on ,monday ,lectures1 says2 ,x is beyond contradiction t we "k t ^! little po9ts 7'biopla/s'7 ( /ructureless matt] sp9 ! ?reads1 & weave ! w>p & wo(1 ( organisms4 ,) all due respect to ?is di/+ui%$ lectur]1 we mu/ except to n less ?an ?ree po9ts 9 z _m l9es ( 8 ov]-confid5t /atem5t4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 we "k no?+ respect+ ! beg9n+s ( life1 :i* may n be contradict$ ) "s %[ ( reason4 ,take 8 own def9ition ( biopla/s1 z copi$ f ,pr(essor ,beale1 c\pl$ ) :at !y bo? t]m nutri5t matt] & g]m9al matt]1 or bioplasm1 & ?is confid5t ass]tion ( 8 w l& him at once :]e ! highe/ p[]s ( ! microscope fail to give back any intelligible answ]1 or :]e nei!r ass]tion nor contradiction avails any?+4 ,a biopla/1 !y tell u1 is a g]m9al po9t 9 g]m9al matt] or bioplasm4 ,x is also assum$ t ! c5tral portion ( e cell 9 an organic tissue is a biopla/4 ,"h ?is wond]ful little weav] ( tissue sits sp9n+ 8 ?reads & weav+ !m into ! w>p & wo( ( =m$ matt]--t :i*1 accord+ to ,pr(essor ,beale1 becomes dead matt] z soon z x is wov56 ,b x is admitt$ t ! n]ve fibres con/itute an un9t]rupt$ network :i* admits ( no end+s--t is1 ^: ultimate reticulations lie beyond ! microscopic limit4 ,b !re is a cell 9 e hundr$? "p ( an in* ( ^! ultimate reticulations1 9 ea* ( :i* "o ( ^! biopla/ic weav]s sits ply+ 8 ?reads into ! w>p & wo( ( n]ve tissue1 if n ( n]ve =ce4 ,:at is kn[n ( ^! little weav]s1 ei!r by ,mr4 ,joseph ,cook or ,pr(essor ,lionel ,s4 ,beale8 ,manife/ly no?+1 unless !y h be5 specially favor$ ) microscopes ( ov] #b1hjj diamet]s--! highe/ yet made1--& h fa?om$ ! ultimate implications ( n]ve =ce2 an assumption on ! "p ( ! ,bo/on lectur] to :i* we are b\nd to except4 ,nor are ^! biopla/s m]e /ructureless matt]1 h[ev] m9ute !y may be z little po9ts4 ,!y diff] only f morphological cells1 9 ! def9itional language employ$ by diff]5t !ori/s1 & lack ! all-ess5tial accuracy ( di/9ction necess>y to sci5tific classification4 ,to def9e a biopla/ z a g]m9al po9t 9 g]m9al matt]1 or bioplasm1 is to draw no satisfactory l9e ( di/9ction betwe5 ! two1 except t ! "o is a m]e aggregation ( ! o!r4 ,a g]m9al mass is only made up ( g]m9al po9ts--^? consid]$ z ! lea/ ( any giv5 :ole--h[ev] inf9itesimal !y may be 9 !oretical /atem5t4 ,if any g]m9al po9t 9 g]m9al matt]1 !re=e1 be a biopla/1 !n e g]m9al po9t1 to ! ext5t ( mak+ up its entire mass1 mu/ be a biopla/2 & ! di/9ction betwe5 ! two becomes m]ely v]bal1 & )\t g5]ic signification4 ,b e morphological cell is conc$$ to be an organism1 :e!r x lie )9 or beyond ! microscopic limit4 ,& x inv>iably exhibits a great] or less am\nt ( cellul> activity at its c5tre4 ,x gr[s r ?an sp9s2 x builds up tissue1 r ?an weaves x into w>p & wo(2 x assimilates nutritive matt] r ?an plies a loom 9 any conceivable s5se 9 :i* we may view t indu/rial ma*9e4 ,no matt] :at we may call ?is po9t ( vital activity 9 a cell--:e!r x be a biopla/1 a pla/id1 a physiological unit1 or a granule ( elem5t>y life-/uff--x simply p]=ms ! "o s+le function ( life to :i* x is specifically assign$ 9 ! process ( build+ up any "o id5tical individual ( a species1 :e!r x be a man1 an ape1 a tree1 or a p>asitic fungus4 ,! v admission t ! biopla/ sp9s1 makes x an organism1 & n m]e /ructureless matt]4 ,= ! fir/ ?read x sp9s is manife/ly = its own cov]+ or ! ornam5tation ( its own cell-walls4 ,& to speak ( ^! z /ructureless matt] is to conf\nd all sci5tific s5se1 z well z mean+4 ,! ?ird objection to ,mr4 ,cook's /atem5t is1 t if biopla/s sp91 x is z dep5d5t1 & n z indep5d5t ma*9es or ag5cies4 ,!re are millions ( ^! biopla/s--tak+ ! ^w 9 ! s5se 9 :i* ,pr(essor ,beale uses x--9 e liv+ organism consid]$ z a biological :ole4 ,9 ! case ( man1 !re are millions ( !m )9 a comp>atively small compass2 & ea* has its own cell to :i* its specific "w is assign$4 ,n[1 ^! g]m9al po9ts1 or biopla/s1 9 ea* ( ^! myriads ( cells1 "w1 n sep>ately & indep5d5tly1 l s _m oy/]s 9 _! respective %ells1 b h>moni\sly & toge!r1 z if "u ! sup]visional direction ( "o supreme ar*itect & build]4 ,?is build] is t "o elem5t>y pr9ciple ( life1 app]ta9+ to ea* specific individual z a species1 ) :i* nature 0 end[$ f ! beg9n+1 & :i*1 9 ! case ( man1 0 a direct emanation f ,deity4 ,x is ?is vital pr9ciple manife/+ itself 9 all liv+ organisms1 n f !m2 direct+ ,pr(essor ,beale's biopla/ic weav]s1 n direct$ by !m2 avail+ itself ( necess>y plasmic conditions1 if n giv+ rise to !m 9 ! fir/ in/ance2 obs]v+ no developm5tal processes by :i* "o =m ( life laps ov] ^u ano!r1 & foll[+ no ord] b t ( univ]sal h>mony 9 ! ,div9e int5dm5t4 ,!re is /ruggle & rivalry = exi/5ce1 ev5 among ! same classes1 ord]s1 g5]a1 & species1 & ! smalle/ & weake/ mu/ give place to ! l>ge/ & /ronge/ ev]y:]e1 & vice v]sa1 z ,"t1 ! greate/ ( all rod5ts1 gnaws away at ! my/ical tree ( life4 ,b 9 e liv+ organism1 f ! l[e/ & simple/ to ! highe/ & mo/ complex1 all biopla/ic sp9n]s ( filam5t\s tissue1 all pla/ide weav]s ( membran\s or spun matt]1 all epi!lial bobb9-runn]s1 & o!r anatomical help]s & work]s1 p]=m _! respective tasks "u ! special sup]vision we h nam$1 t is1 "u ! high] unit ( life4 ,!y all "w = ! advancem5t & well-be+ ( ! high] organism ( :i* !y =m a compon5t & necess>ily subord9ate "p4 ,! fact t ,pr(essor ,beale has discov]$ t :at he calls bioplasm & g]m9al po9ts or biopla/s may take on a di/9ct & sep>ate color f tissue1 :5 subject$ to a solution ( c>m9e 9 ammonia1 is no evid5ce t he has p5etrat$ ! adytum ( ?is sacr$ temple ( ,life1 :]e9 lies ! my/]y ( my/]ies4 ,x is an important discov]y s f> z trac+ tissue is conc]n$1 b x admits him into no high] my/]y )9 ! temple built by ,god ?an ano!r may atta9 to by ! accid5tal discov]y t ! tissues may take on ! same color 9 "s o!r solution--by no means an improbable discov]y4 ,c>m9e 9 ammonia is n ! only solution t may aid sci5ce 9 ! inve/igations n[ be+ c>ri$ =w>d by ! vitali/s & non-vitali/s ) s mu* bitt]ness & asp]ity ( feel+ betwe5 !m2 & n[ t ,pr(essor ,beale has made 8 happy discov]y1 x is by no means c]ta9 t "s o!r equally p]si/5t work] 9 ?is int]e/+ field ( inquiry may n hit ^u q z happy a discov]y 9 ! same or "s equival5t direction--"o t %all ?r[ ! bioplasmic !ory z f> into ! %ade z ,mr4 ,cook ?9ks ! biopla/s h already ?r[n ! cells4 ,b decid$ly ! mo/ objectionable /atem5t ( ,pr(essor ,beale1 al?\gh "o confid5tly re-affirm$ by our ,bo/on ,monday ,lectur]1 is t :i* makes bioplasm & biopla/s ! only liv+ matt]4 ,we h already ref]r$ to ! phrases liv+ matt] & non-liv+ matt] z altoge!r objectionable 9 biological /atem5t1 s9ce !y are m ?an half-way concessions to ! mat]iali/s1 :o contemptu\sly ord] ! vitali/s to take a back seat 9 ! discussions n[ go+ =w>d z to ! true orig9 ( life4 ,b ! objection we "h make is less te*nical1 & t\*es a f> m vital po9t 9 ! inquiry4 ,x is true t ,pr(essor ,beale speaks ( =m$ matt]1 z if x 7 a peculi> some?+--a sort ( t]tium quid--betwe5 liv+ & non-liv+ matt]4 ,b he di/9ctly av]s t ! sub/ance :i* turns r$ 9 8 c>m9e solutions is ! only liv+ matt]1 & h5ce ass]ts1 inf]5tially at lea/1 t all o!r matt]1 9 any & e liv+ organism1 is dead matt]4 ,b we may j z confid5tly av] t no matt] is liv+ 9 any vital organism :i* has n be5 assimilat$ & built up into liv+ membran\s tissue capable ( respond+ 79 ! case ( man7 to 8 w1 z well z p]=m+ ! autonom\s functions ( plants & ! l[] animals4 ,= all ^! membran\s tissues are innum]ably ?rong$ ) biopla/s or pla/ide p>ticles1 n = ! purposes ( ob$i5ce to man's w1 or ( p]=m+ any autonom\s function1 b simply to supply ! tissues ) ! necess>y nutri5t matt] to make up = ! con/ant wa/e t is go+ on 9 a heal?y liv+ organ4 ,?is wa/e is v mu* great] ?an has h]et(ore be5 suppos$1 s t ! man or animal ( to-day may be an entirely di/9ct & sep>ate "o1 consid]$ mat]ially1 f t ( a ye> or m ago4 ,& ?is av]m5t w\ld h a decid$ advantage ov] ,pr(essor ,beale's1 s9ce1 9 meet+ a fri5d1 we might be c]ta9 t f\r-fif?s ( him at lea/ 0 alive1 :ile ! o!r "o-fif? 0 indu/ri\sly at "w to keep him alive1 in/ead ( a /alk+ corpse1 z he w\ld o!rwise be1 ^u ! /reet4 ,besides1 x w\ld obviate ! necessity1 on ! "p ( ! vitali/s1 ( giv+ !mselves f\r-fif?s away to ! mat]iali/s1 z ,pr(essor ,beale virtually does 9 ! argum5t4 ,! too rude t\* ( a *ild's h& w rob ! can>y bird ( its life--/ifle its musical ?roat1 hu% its mo/ ec/atic note1 /ill its exquisite song1 & r5d] =ev] mute & sil5t its voice4 ,b :]e are ,pr(essor ,beale's biopla/s :i*1 b a mom5t be=e1 7 n only weav+ ! n]ves1 tissues1 muscles1 bones1 & ev5 ! wond]ful plumage ( ?is can>y bird1 b ply+ ! invisible ?reads ( song--?r[+ (f its *irps1 c>ols1 trills1 quav]s1 airs1 ov]tures & brilliant r\lades1 z if ! little vocali/ _h caught its inspiration f ! v skies8 ,:]e1 we repeat1 are ^! biopla/s n[8 ,!y are all quietly & indu/ri\sly at "w z be=e4 ,! occupant ( ! song-mansion is gone1 b n "o ( ^! biopla/s has dropp$ a clew1 ?r[n d[n a %uttle1 ab&on$ a loom1 or fl$ 9 dismay to ! core ( its cell4 ,!y /ill pulsate1 ?rob1 ?r[ (f tissue4 ,no *emical *ange has yet int]v5$ to break d[n _! cell-walls1 or int]f]e ) ! occupations assign$ !m4 ,! ma*9]y t ran _! looms is /opp$--t is all4 ,! invisible %uttles h ceas$ to ply--! me%es ( _! tangl$ webs are brok5--! m delicate ?reads ( song are snapp$ 9 sund]1 b ! biopla/ic sp9n]s & weav]s are all !re4 ,n "o ( !m has be5 displac$ f its seat1 nor 9 any way di/urb$ or mole/$ 9 its "w4 ,if !y are consci\s ( any dang]1 x is t ! occupant ( ?is little song-mansion has sudd5ly /epp$ out--is no long] pres5t to direct _! tasks4 ,! icy h& ( decay & dea? w soon be ^u !m--^! poor biopla/ic weav]s ( tissue--b ! vocal sp>k1 ! bright gem in/9ct ) music1 is beyond ! rea* ( ^! dusky mess5g]s4 ,:]e x is1 n man1 b ! ,giv] ( all life kn[s4 ,we only "k1 :5 our fai? is uplift$ by inspiration1 t-- ,! s\l ( music nev] dies1 ,nor slumb]s 9 its %ell2 ',tis sph]e-desc5d$ f ! skies1 ,& !nce returns to dwell4 ,*apt] ,,ix4 ,=ce-,correlation1 ,diff]5tiation & ,o!r ,life ,!ories4 ,among ! m />tl+1 if n decid$ly brilliant1 vital !ories :i* h be5 advanc$ )9 ! la/ few ye>s1 is t :i* makes life an undiscov]$ correlative ( =ce4 ,^? :o h ! reputation ( be+ ! pr(\nde/ ?9k]s & delv]s 9 ! newly-discov]$ realm ( ,=ce-correlation 9 ,europe1 & :o h m or less mode/ly contribut$ to t reputation !mselves1 h evid5tly ?\ght to eclipse1 if n to entirely ?r[ into ! %ade1 ! great exploit ( ,lev]ri]1 9 po9t+ out ! exact place 9 _! empirical heav5s :]e ! sup]ior optics ( "s future obs]v] %all behold1 9 all its glory1 ?is undiscov]$ correlative ( =ce1 :i* !y h indicat$ z ly+ )9 ! high] possibilities & pot5tialities ( matt]4 ,precisely :at !y mean by ?is undiscov]$ correlate1 is :at puzzles u q z mu* to det]m9e z x does ! mat]iali/s to expla94 ,7 !y to def9e life z an undiscov]$ =ce simply1 _! def9ition w\ld manife/ly lack 9 brilliancy :at x w\ld conclusively make up 9 precision & accuracy ( def9itional /atem5t4 ,b su* a poor metaphra/ic & half-circul> exposition ( vital =ce w\ld nev] answ] ! necessities ( t pr(\nd] pr(undity requir$ = ! success ( mod]n sci5tific treatises4 ,h5ce ! int]polation ( ?is correlative ( !irs4 ,let u asc]ta91 if we c1 :at x means1 s9ce !y are s *>y ( in=m+ u !mselves4 ,a correlate ( a ?+--any ?+--simply implies ! reciprocal relation x be>s to "s o!r ?+4 ,z a cognate t]m x expresses no?+1 c express no?+1 b reciprocity ( relation%ip1 su* z fa!r to son1 bro!r to si/]1 uncle to aunt1 nephews to nieces1 etc4 ,z appli$ to vital =ce1 x means no?+ m nor less ?an t ?is p>ticul> =ce /&s 9 "s sort ( relation%ip to ! o!r =ces ( nature1 or1 z !y w\ld h u believe1 ! mat]ial =ces ( nature4 ,& ! simple /r5g? or pot5tiality ( ?is relation%ip is :at makes all ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! sev]ally relat$ =ces ( ! univ]se1 s9ce x w\ld be z impossible to diff]5tiate a fix$ relation%ip z to *ange ! nature ( vital units4 ,b :e!r vital =ce1 z a di/9ct correlate1 is pat]nal or filial1 bro!rly or si/]ly1 avuncul> or amital 9 its relation%ip1 is n /at$4 ,! sci5tific =mula1 h[ev]1 may be /at$ ?us3 ,z ,a 7*emical =ce7 is to ,b 7molecul> =ce7 s is ,c 7a ?ird kn[n =ce7 to x 7! vital or unkn[n =ce72 s t1 by multiply+ ! antec$5ts & consequ5ts toge!r1 & elim9at+ ! value ( x1 we may ma!matically obta9 ! value ( vital =ce4 ,b to elim9ate ! value ( x is :at tr\bles !m4 ,h]b]t ,sp5c] has tri$ 8 h& at x1 b fail$ to express life "u any high] correlation ?an molecul> =ce2 nor c he def9itely in=m u :e!r ei!r =ce is ?ird or f\r? c\s9 to ! o!r4 ,b he manife/ly reg>ds _! relation%ip z con/itut+ ei!r a v attractive or highly repulsive =ce4 ,9 8 vexation at n f9d+ ! value ( x1 he is driv5 f ma!matical to me*anical biology1 & gives u ?is new def9itional value ( life--t s+ul>ly contumaci\s quantity :i* s p]si/5tly refuses to be elim9at$ 9 sci5tific equations3 ,life is molecul> ma*9]y work$ by molecul> =ce4 ,b z ,pr(essor ,beale has utt]ly demoraliz$1 if n demoli%$1 ?is ma*9]y1 9 8 rec5t treatise on ,! ,my/]y ( ,life1 we w sp>e x any fur!r bl[s1 & proce$ to ! consid]ation ( molecul> =ce4 ,be=e we proce$ h[ev]1 to ! consid]ation ( ?is =ce1 let u def9itely und]/& ! mean+ ( ! t]ms we %all be call$ ^u to use4 ,we c h no difficulty 9 und]/&+ ! mean+ ( molecul> attraction1 or t =ce act+ imm$iately on ! integrant molecules or p>ticles ( a body1 z di/+ui%$ f ! attraction ( gravitation :i* acts at unlimit$ di/ances4 ,b :5 x comes to ascrib+ o!r & high] manife/ations ( p[] to molecules1 su* z h n be5 sci5tifically %[n to exi/1 we mu/ feel our way ) caution1 & dem& ( ^! pret5ti\s molecules1 or r ( _! mat]iali/ic back]s1 a reason = ! fai?1 or r =ce1 t is 9 !m4 ,x is agre$ by all physici/s1 z well z *emi/s1 t a molecule is ! smalle/ conceivable quantity ( a simple or comp\nd sub/ance1 z an atom is ! smalle/ conceivable quantity ( an elem5t :i* ent]s into comb9ation ) o!r elem5ts to =m mat]ial sub/ance4 ,= in/ance1 ! smalle/ conceivable quantity ( wat] is a molecule1 :ile ! smalle/ conceivable quantity ( ei!r ( ! two elem5ts ( :i* wat] is compos$1 is an atom4 ,9 e molecule ( wat]1 !re=e1 !re are ?ree elem5t>y atoms1 two ( hydrog5 & "o ( oxyg54 ,& s9ce a molecule1 z a g5]al rule1 conta9s two or m atoms1 & may conta9 _m ( !m1 :y n pr$icate dynamic =ce ( ! atoms1 :i* lie "o /ep ne>] ! elem5t>y =ces ( nature8 ,= ! mightie/ =ces ( nature lie 9 ^! elem5ts1 :5 =c$ into unnatural alliances1 or *a9$ up 9 durance vile4 ,x is 9 ! elem5ts ( matt]1 & n 9 its molecules1 t ?is trem5d\s dynamic =ce resides4 ,man1 kn[+ ?is1 h>nesses !m into 8 s]vice1 fir/ by =c+ !m into unnatural alliances1 z 9 ! case ( *>coal1 sulphur & saltpetre1 & !n successfully pitt+ !m 9 conflict aga9/ ! rocks & ! g5]al in]tia ( matt]4 ,to *>ge all ! de/ructive "w !y d on ! innoc5t & h>mless molecules1 :i* are two /eps remov$ f ! actual =ce exp5d$1 is draw+ conclusions f ! %e]e/ hypo!tical data4 ,x is ! (fice ( molecul> =ce1 if !re is any mean+ to ! t]m beyond :at is express$ by molecul> attraction1 to cons]ve matt]--b9d rocks toge!r1 n r5d !m 9 sund]4 ,if ! dynamic =ces ( nature lie p5t up 9 ! molecules1 !n man mu/ array molecul> =ce aga9/ molecul> =ce 9 ord] to r5d rocks & te> m\nta9s 9 sund]4 ,?is !ory ( molecul> =ce1 z ext5d$ to vital physics 9 ! =ce-doctr9e ( life1 is irreconcilably at w> ) ! pr9cipal ph5om5a ( life1 & %\ld be class$ ) ! o!r undiscov]$ correlates ( =ce1 :i* ,pr(essor ,beale speaks ( z ! fictions ( a me*anical imag9ation4 ,! tru? is t ^! mu* abus$ & mu* sl&]$ molecules are ! mo/ innoc5t & h>mless ?+s 9 nature4 ,!y nev] become de/ructive unless "s o!r =ce ?an t inh]+ 9 !mselves drags !m into its s]vice & hurls !m along a deva/at+ pa?4 ,( !mselves1 !y are ! v qu9tess5ce ( quiess5ce 9 ! univ]se1 &1 :5 =m$ 9 nature's laboratory1 at once seek quiet & lov+ companion%ip ) k9dr$ molecules1 & reta9 x =ev] aft]w>ds4 ,! idea t !y %\ld break away f _! lov+ molecul> embrace1 &1 by any process ( diff]5tiation or con/ructive ag5cy ( _! own1 seek an alliance ) "s liv+ dog-g]m 9 ord] to be built up into liv+ dog-tissue1 pres5ts ab\t z p]v]se & wayw>d an impulse on ! "p ( matt] z c well be imag9$ by ! sci5tific m9d4 ,t ! dog-g]m %\ld seek to get hold (1 & diff]5tiate !m1 we c well und]/&4 ,! ,circean wit*]y & enticem5t is all on ! "p ( ! dog-g]m1 n 9 ! incl9ation ( ! molecules4 ,if !re is any tru? 9 ?is molecul>-=ce-!ory ( life1 x is ab\t "t = u to disc>d "s ( ! old categories respect+ matt]1 motion1 & life1 & sub/itute new ones 9 _! place4 ,9 ! multiplicity ( new sci5tific t]ms con/antly spr++ up = recognition 9 ^! days1 !re ought to be no difficulty 9 express+ ! true categories1 & assign+ to !m _! prop] def9itional value4 ,to include physical =ce1 *emical =ce1 molecul> =ce1 & vital =ce all "u "o & ! same category1 & !n int]pret _! sev]al modes ( action on any !ory ( =ce-correlation1 is n emancipat+ language f ! gross ?raldom into :i* _! molecul> ma*9]y has driv5 x4 ,besides1 !re is moral =ce1 m5tal =ce1 ! =ce ( w1 ! =ce ( reason1 ! =ce ( hone/y1 ! =ce ( fraud1 etc41 & any numb] ( o!r =ces1 all possess+ m or less impetus or mom5tum1 & capable ( b9d+ or co]c+ p]sons & ?+s1 9 all _! div]sifi$ relations1 correlations1 incid5ces1 co9cid5ces1 aff9ities1 antagonisms1 & s on ?r\gh an int]m9able *apt] ( int]*angeable pr$ications4 ,all ^! diff]5t expressions ( =ce are to be te!r$ toge!r--def9itionally b\nd h& & foot--"u ! "o explanatory head ( =ce-correlation4 ,we prote/ aga9/ ! labor ( ?us unify+ all ! natural =ces ( ! univ]se1 ev5 if x 7 practicable "u sci5tific me?ods4 ,b ,pr(essor ,tyndall d5ies t molecul> gr\p+s & molecul> motions expla9 any?+--acc\nt = any?+--9 ! way ( explicat+ life-manife/ations1 or det]m9+ :at life is4#ca ,& x w\ld be difficult to cite a /rong] & m det]m9$ mat]iali/ z au?ority on ! po9t we are consid]+4 ,he says3 ,if love 7 kn[n to be associat$ ) a "r-h&$ spiral motion ( ! molecules ( ! bra91 & hate ) ! left-h&$1 we %\ld rema9 z ignorant z be=e1 z to ! cause ( motion4 ,b !re is no pro( t ! molecules ( ! bra9 manife/ any o!r motions ?an ^? necess>y = keep+ up ! normal condition ( heal? & vital activity 9 ! bra9 itself4 ,no "o c be c]ta9 t he has se5 ^! molecules 9 a /ate ( m5tal activity2 = :]e portions ( ! human bra9 h be5 expos$ to microscopic exam9ation1 ev5 9 p]fect /ates ( consci\sness on ! "p ( ^? ^: bra9s h be5 laid b>e1 !re c be no c]ta9ty t ! molecul> action1 if any1 is ref]able to "o set ( movem5ts m ?an ano!r4 ,& ev5 9 ! case ( animalcules1 z se5 9 ! object glass ( ! microscope1 !re is no absolute c]ta9ty t _! quick1 d>t+ or j]k+ movem5ts are due to any life-manife/ation1 z h]et(ore assum$4 ,"s q z well def9$ =ms are entirely motionless1 & if all 7 s1 x w\ld be idle to pr$icate vitality ( !m4#cb ,^! inf9itessimal & con/antly v>y+ =ms1 _m ( !m n ! "o hundr$-?\s&? "p ( an in* 9 l5g?1 to say no?+ ( _! o!r dim5sions1 may owe _! oscillations1 wave movem5ts1 d>t+ & o!r manife/ations1 & ev5 _! molecul> arrangem5ts & re>rangem5ts1 to o!r causes ?an ^? /rictly vital4 ,& x %\ld be borne 9 m9d t _! actual movem5ts are j z mu* exagg]at$ "u ! microscope z _! real dim5sions4 ,b z !y make _! appe>ance 9 organic infusions only1 !y are presumably vital organisms r ?an fom5tative or m]e filam5t\s yea/-manife/ations4 ,pr(essor ,huxley1 :ile conc$+ t molecul> *anges may take place "u environ+ life-conditions1 or 9 protoplasmic matt]1 d5ies t ! primordial cells possesses 9 any degree ! *>act]i/ics ( a ma*9e1 nor c !y und]go any diff]5tiat+ process by :i* ! "* ( _! manife/ations c be *ang$4 ,& he ev5 d5ies to !m ! poor "r to orig9ate or 9 any way modify _! own plasma4 ,he says3 ,!y are no m ! produc]s ( vital ph5om5a1 ?an ! %ells scatt]$ 9 ord]ly l9e along ! sea-bea* are ! in/rum5ts by :i* ! gravitative =ce ( ! moon acts ^u ! ocean4 ,l ^!1 ! cells m>k only :]e ! vital tides h be51 & h[ !y h act$4 ,?is is und\bt$ly true ( all cells 9 :i* ! vital or functional (fice has ceas$1 z 9 ! case ( ,pr(essor ,beale's =m$ matt]4 ,! cells are ! result ( ! vital pr9ciple t lies beh9d !m1 & simply indicate :]e life exi/s1 or has manife/ly ceas$ to exi/4 ,:]e ! vital curr5ts h ceas$ to fl[1 ! wreck ( primordial cells is q z wide & disa/r\s z :]e millions ( sea-%ells h be5 /rewn along a desolat$ & /orm-swept sea-bea*4 ,!y all come1 bo? ! cells & %ells1 f ! prexi/+ vital units1 or det]m9ate g]ms1 t fall into _! own incid5ces ( movem5t1 )\t any concurr5ce ( physical conditions beyond _! own inh]5t t5d5cy to developm5t4 ,= conditions d n det]m9e life2 !y only favor its manife/ation4 ,b "s ( ! mat]iali/s claim t :at we call vital units1 or invisible1 inde/ructible g]ms1#cc are at be/ only physical relations2 t !y h no?+ m ?an a hypo!tical exi/5ce1 )\t any indep5d5t recognizable quality ju/ify+ our conclusions respect+ !m4 ,b may n ?is id5tical language be retortively sugge/$ 9 ! case ( _! correlates ( =ce8 ,:at m ?an a hypo!tical exi/5ce h !y8 ,c]ta9ly _! en?usiasm to get rid ( all vital conditions or manife/ations1 is q z m>k$ a feature 9 _! speculations respect+ life z any en?usiasm we h %[n 9 ! v]ification ( vital ph5om5a1 on ! e/abli%$ law ( cause & effect4 ,!y insi/ ^u ?is law 9 ! case ( /atical aggregates1 & ev5 assign absolute id5tity ( attributes2 b :5 x comes to dynamical aggregates1 !y fall back on p>tial id5tity only1 & d5y ! pres5ce ( ! law altoge!r4 ,nor are !y any m felicit\s 9 _! treatm5t ( o!r po9ts 9 controv]sy4 ,9 speak+ ( 8 pla/ide p>ticles1 ,pr(essor ,ba/ian1 ! mo/ defiant *all5g] ( vitali/ic propositions n[ liv+1 says3 ,c]ta9 ( ^! p>ticles1 ?r\gh default ( necess>y conditions1 nev] actually develop into high] modes ( be+4 ,"h he makes ! abs5ce ( necess>y conditions ! cause ( non-developm5t1 :ile he /\tly d5ies t ! pres5ce ( su* conditions give rise to ! developm5t ( a pre-exi/+ vital unit4 ,& yet1 /range to say1 he speaks ( ! elem5tal orig9 ( liv+ matt] z hav+ probably tak5 place on ! surface ( our globe s9ce ! f>-remote p]iod :5 su* matt] 0 fir/ eng5d]$4 ,b h[ 8 sum-total ( ext]nal conditions1 act+ ^u dead matt]1 c eng5d] liv+ matt]1 is "o ( ^? relat$ het]og5etic ph5om5a :i* he does n condesc5d to expla94 ,x is by ?is sort ( sci5tific v]biage t he gets rid ( ! pre-exi/+ vital pr9ciple1 or g]m9al pr9ciple ( life1 :i* ! biblical g5esis decl>es to be 9 ! e>? itself4 ,to be entirely consi/5t ) himself1 he %\ld d5y ! exi/5ce ( ?is g]m9al pr9ciple 9 ! se$s ( plants !mselves1 & insi/ ^u ! sum-total ( ext]nal conditions z ! cause ( all life-manife/ations1 9 ! vegetal z 9 ! animal _w4 ,!re c be no inh]5t t5d5cy1 he %\ld insi/1 9 ! se$ itself t[>ds /ructural developm5t1 b only ext]nal conditions act+ ^u dead matt]1 9 het]og5tic directions4 ,! %oot+ d[n ( ! radicle or undevelop$ root1 & ! spr++ up ( ! plumule or undevelop$ /alk1 is accord+ly due to no vital pr9ciple 9 ! se$1 b to ! complexity or entanglem5t ( ! molecules wrapp$ up 9 _! integum5t>y environm5t4 ,& ?is1 or "s simil> =tuit\s entanglem5t ( molecules1 %\ld acc\nt = all life-manife/ations1 z well z all life-t5d5cies1 9 nature4 ,^! molecul> entanglem5ts %\ld1 !re=e1 be inf9ite 9 numb]1 z well z 9 =tuit\s complexity1 to acc\nt = all ! myriad =ms ( life eng5d]$ f dead matt] 9 ! mat]ial univ]se4 ,= if !re is any "o ?+ t ! mat]iali/s insi/ ^u m resolutely ?an ano!r1 x is ! =tuit\sness ( nature--! happ5+ by *ance ( :atev] %e does4 ,=m]ly x us$ to be ! =tuit\s conc\rse ( atoms2 n[ x is ! =tuit\s aggregate ( molecules4 ,by :at accid5tal or =tuit\s happ5+ ! atoms h dropp$ out ( _! sci5tific categories1 & ! molecules h be5 advanc$ to _! comm&+ place 9 absolute accid5talness1 is "o ( ^? unassignable causes 9 :i* !y app>5tly s mu* delight4 ,we c only acc\nt = x on ! supposition t !y h all become wor%ipp]s ( t bl9d & accid5tal ,greek goddess1 :o bore ! horn ( ,amal!a & pl5tifully end[$ h] foll[]s ) a weal? ( language & o!r mu*-covet$ gifts1 b n ) ! mo/ desirable knack at dispos+ ( !m4 ,! true cause ( vital ph5om5a manife/ly dep5ds on ^! two conditions--! pres5ce ( ! specific vital unit1 & ! necess>y environ+ plasma1 or nutri5t matt]1 = its prim>y developm5t4 ,)\t ! pres5ce ( bo? ( ^! conditions1 or condition+ incid5ces1 !re c be no life-manife/ation any:]e4 ,& we d n see t any?+ is ga9$1 ev5 9 ! matt] ( sci5tific nom5clature1 by m]ely sub/itut+ molecul> =ce = vital =ce1 9 ! explication ( vital ph5om5a4 ,ev5 grant+ t molecul> *anges d take place dur+ ! developm5t ( ! vital units 9 _! necess>y plasmic environm5t2 x by no means foll[s t ^! *anges are n dep5d5t on ! vital pr9ciple z x acts1 r ?an on ! molecules z !y act1#cd ,! high] =ce %\ld always subord9ate ! l[] 9 all metamorphic1 z well z o!r processes1 ( nature4 ,x is ! vital pr9ciple t diff]5tiates matt]--! aggregate ( molecules--n matt] diff]5tiat+ ! vital pr9ciple4 ,no molcules organiques c ev] diff]5tiate an ape-unit into a man-unit1 any m ?an ,pr(essor ,tyndall c fet* a ,plato out ( m]e sky-mi/4 ,once an ape-unit1 always an ape-unit2 once a man-unit1 et]nally a man-unit4 ,let ! vitali/s /ick to ?is proposition--?is et]nally fix$ unit z une ide dans l'ent5dem5t de ,dieu1 7to use a bett] ,fr5* expression ?an ,engli%7--& !y c fight ! mat]iali/s (f _! own gr\nd any:]e4 ,! "o sublime v]ity ( ! univ]se is t life exi/s1 & t x has exi/$ f all et]nity z possible 9 ! ,div9e m9d1 & 9 ! ,div9e m9d alone4 ,if mat]iali/ic sci5ce is dispos$ to butt its head aga9/ ?is impregnable proposition1 x c d s4 ,! proposition w /&1 :atev] may happ5 to ! inconsid]ate head4 ,= sci5ce may press h] devotees into z _m diff]5t pursuits z !re are />t+-po9ts to an azimu? circle1 & comm& !m to se>* & f9d out ! ultimate causes ( ?+s 9 ! univ]se1 b ! =ev] n>r[+ circle 9 "o direction1 & ! =ev] wid5+ "o 9 ! o!r1 w\ld utt]ly baffle all _! attempt$ rese>*4 ,:e!r !y desc5d$ into ! microscopic _w1 ) its myriad-?rong$ conditions ( life1 or pass$ upw>d & outw>d1 9 ,sirius-di/ances1 to ! irresolvable nebul1 :]e o!r & p]haps bright] />s might bur/ ^u _! view--gleam+ coldly & sil5tly d[n ! /ill enorm\s fissures & *asms 9 ! heav5s--! result w\ld be ! same4 ,wid] & wid] fields ( obs]vation might op5 ^u _! view1 z ! /ell> sw>ms ?ick5$ & ! p[] ( human vision fail$1 b ! uranological exp$ition w\ld return no wis] ?an :5 x />t$1 & ,sci5ce w\ld /ill be confront$ ) ! same illimitability ( space1 ! same inf9itude ( matt]1 & ! same incompreh5sibility ( ! _w-arrang+ intellig5ce t lies beyond4 ,= ,he :o ha? g>ni%$ ! heav5s by 8 _s--:o divide? ! sea ) 8 p[]1 & hange? ! e>? ^u no?+--holde? back ! face ( 8 ?rone & spreade? 8 cl\d ^u x4 ,:at if1 9 "o direction1 we %\ld f9d ^? inconceivably small specks1 or m]e biopla/ic po9ts1 :i* we call liv+ matt]1 or1 9 ! o!r direction1 ^? inconceivably va/ _w-=m+ masses :i* we call dead matt]1 :o %all say t ! secret places ( ! ,mo/ ,high are n hidd5 f u1 or t :5 ! _s ( ,god fir/ mov$ ?r\gh ^! va/ fissures & *asms 9 ! heav5s ^u ! face ( all matt]1 !re 0 n imp>t$ to x t animat+ pr9ciple ( life ( :i* ! biblical g5esis speaks1 & :i* we ev]y:]e see manife/+ itself 9 nature8 ,surely ?is inquiry is n "o to be sup]cili\sly set aside by ! mat]iali/s1 aft] ! failure ( _! uranological exp$ition1 on ! gr\nd t x does n furni% food en\gh = sci5tific contemplation1 )\t su* physiological fancies z _! speciali/s h be5 giv+ u 9 ! %ape ( =ce-correlations & molecul> !ories ( life4 ,b speak+ ( ! high] =ces z subord9at+ ! l[]1 sugge/s t !re %\ld be some?+ m def9itely expla9$ reg>d+ ! hypo!sis ( diff]5tiation1 on :i* ,mr4 ,h]b]t ,sp5c] hangs s mu* ( 8 ma!matical fai? 9 ! true explication ( vital ph5om5a4 ,! t]m diff]5tiation is n s =midable z x might seem to ! g5]al read] at fir/ sight4 ,z appli$ to physiological problems x %\ld h ! same det]m9ate value1 9 express+ functional diff]5ces1 z 9 ! high] op]ations ( ma!matics4 ,no?+ c1 ( c\rse1 diff]5tiate itself1 nor c any two ?+s diff]5tiate ea* o!r1 ev5 :5 functionally alli$4 ,! actual coffici5t s\ght is ! diff]5ce effect$1 9 functional value1 9 "o ( two indep5d5t v>iables4 ,= all =mul 9 diff]5tiation are con/ruct$ on ! hypo!sis t only "o ( two v>iables suff]s *ange4 ,! diff]5tial coffici5t has yet to be det]m9$ :i* %all express ! developm5tal *anges 9 two v>iables at once4 ,:51 !re=e1 we attempt to ext5d ! =mul ( diff]5tiation to plant & animal life1 we are confront$ by a v =midable difficulty at ! outset--! impossibility ( det]m9+ an inv>iable coffici5t = any two v>iables4 ,besides1 all attempts at diff]5tiat+ an ape-unit into any?+ else ?an an ape-unit w\ld be z impossible z to multiply or divide cabbages by turnips1 or sp>r[s by sp>r[hawks4 ,su* divisions w\ld give u no quoti5ts1 any m ?an _! diff]5tiations w\ld give u a coffici5t4 ,physiological diff]5tiation w1 !re=e1 nev] help u out ( fix$ species or ne>ly alli$ types4 ,we c bridge no specific diff]5ces by x4 ,9 ! diff]5tiation ( ! horse & ! ass = in/ance1 ! sup]ior blood w pr$om9ate 9 ! pres]vation ( types1 & ev5 ! mule w kick aga9/ fur!r diff]5tiation4 ,nature w\ld s utt]ly abhor ! practice z resolutely to slam ! door 9 ,mr4 ,sp5c]'s face1 if ! ob/9acy ( ! mule did n kick x (f its h+es4 ,& nature w\ld be q z intractable 9 ! case ( =ce-correlation1 ano!r ( ,mr4 ,sp5c]'s r$\btable phrases4 ,?is t]m is q rec5t 9 its application to animate objects1 nor has x be5 long appli$ to inanimate4 ,x is claim$ to be a rec5tly discov]$ =ce1 & is "o t ! mat]iali/s h seiz$ ^u z ! ,h]culean club ) :i* to smite all vital !ories to ! e>?4 ,its mean+1 s f> z x has any1 is n difficult to get at4 ,! simple/ way to expla9 x1 h[ev]1 is ! be/4 ,! read] is to und]/& t :5 he rubs two flat /icks toge!r1 ! heat !reby eng5d]$ is n ! result ( friction1 z all ! _w has h]et(ore suppos$1 b t ! am\nt ( =ce exp5d$ 9 rubb+ ! "r-h& /ick aga9/ ! left-h& /ick1 is1 by "s law ( v]sability1 n ov]-well def9$1 transf]r$ to ! two /icks1 & gets s entangl$ betwe5 _! surfaces t x c only reappe> 9 ano!r & altoge!r diff]5t k9d ( =ce4 ,:5 x leaves ! h&s & passes into ! two /icks1 x is1 z ! mat]iali/s ass]t1 vital =ce4 ,b z no =ce c be annihilat$1 ! conclusive assumption is t x /ill exi/s some:]e4 ,all ( x1 9 ! fir/ place1 w5t into ! two flat /icks1 &1 :5 !re1 ceas$ to be vital =ce4 ,"s ( x disappe>$1 ( c\rse1 9 ov]com+ ! in]tia ( ! /icks1 b ! bulk ( x became entangl$ ) ! sup]ficial molecules ( ! two /icks1 & reappe>$ z heat--ano!r "n = molecul> =ce4 ,?is is :at is meant by ! diff]5tiation ( vital =ce into molecul> =ce1 & vice v]sa4 ,b by :at process ( rubb+1 "u ?is law ( v]sability1 molecul> =ce c be rev]s$1 or diff]5tiat$ back into vital =ce1 ,mr4 ,sp5c] has n condesc5d$ to in=m u4 ,! simple tru? is1 & ! mat]iali/s w be =c$ to admit x 9 ! end1 t !re is no v]ification ( ?is !ory beyond t ( m]e =ce-equival5ce4 ,= in/ance1 x has be5 exp]im5tally det]m9$ t a c]ta9 am\nt ( fuel exp5d$ 9 heat is equival5t to a c]ta9 am\nt ( me*anical =ce1 n me*anical "w1 z ,m4 ,c>not puts x4 ,= =ce is n exp5d$ 9 "w until x is actually g5]at$1 & ! am\nt g5]at$1 n t exp5d$ 9 "w1 is ! real equival5ce ( ! heat produc$ f fuel4 ,ano!r problem is pres5t$ :5 x comes to det]m9+ ! am\nt ( g5]at$ =ce necess>y to run a piece ( ma*9]y :i* %all accompli% a giv5 am\nt ( me*anical "w4 ,a f> bett] phrase to express ?is equival5ce ( =ce has be5 sugge/$ & us$ by sev]al writ]s 9 :at is call$ ! ,transmutation ( ,=ce4 ,= !re is no correlation1 or reciprocal relation1 betwe5 heat z orig9ally produc$ by ! consumption ( fuel & ! =ce z eng5d]$ 9 /eam be=e x is transmut$ into "w4 ,nor is !re any real equival5ce z betwe5 ! two =ces aft] its transmutation4 ,a v l>ge p] c5tage ( heat is lo/ 9 its transmutation f a lat5t =m 9 fuel to an active or available =m 9 /eam1 & a /ill great] loss 9 its transmission into "w by ma*9]y4 ,!oretically1 !re may be su* an equival5ce z t nam$1 b practically x is impossible to realize x4 ,& a !ory t is impossible ( realization is ( no practical utility 9 itself1 & ( little value z ! basis ( fur!r !ory4 ,if1 !n1 ! !ory ( =ce equival5ce is a failure 9 practical application1 x furni%es a v poor basis on :i* to pr$icate =ce-correlation1 or ! doctr9e ( reciprocal =ces4 ,x is e/imat$1 = in/ance1 t a p\nd weight fall+ sev5 hundr$ & sev5ty-two feet1 w1 9 /rik+ ! e>?1 imp>t to x a degree ( heat equival5t to rais+ "o p\nd ( wat] #a ,f4 ,b ! heat ?us imp>t$ c nev] be s utiliz$ z to raise a p\nd weight sev5 hundr$ & sev5ty-two feet into ! air4 ,?is %[s t !re is no actual reciprocity ( relation%ip betwe5 ! =ce z orig9ally eng5d]$ & f9ally exp5d$ 9 "w4 ,nor c x be %[n t ! orig9al =ce is transmut$ or *ang$ into ano!r & diff]5t k9d ( =ce by ! op]ation4 ,! =ce g5]at$ & ! =ce exp5d$ are ess5tially "o & ! same1 z mu* s z t transmitt$ f ! p[] to ! weight by means ( a rope & pulley4 ,& ! quality ( ! =ce is n *ang$1 :e!r ! weight be lift$ by ma*9]y or ! human h&4 ,=ce1 9 its me*anical s5se1 is t p[] :i* produces motion1 or an alt]ation 9 ! direction ( motion1 & is incapable ( be+ specializ$1 except 9 a highly figurative s5se1 into a ?\s& & "o correlates ( motion4 ,b ^! miscellane\s & figurative =ces are n :at we are consid]+4 ,! doctr9e ( =ce-correlation takes no su* wide & compreh5sive sweep4 ,x embraces nei!r ! =ce ( wit1 nor ! =ce ( folly2 b me*anical =ce & its equival5ts4 ,! =ce ex]cis$ by ! human h& 9 lift+ a weight ei!r ) or )\t rope & pulley is1 9 e def9itional s5se ( ! ^w1 me*anical =ce4 ,= ! arm & h& are only ! implem5ts1 or me*anical contrivances ( nature1 by :i* ! w-p[] transmutes itself into "w1 or1 m prop]ly speak+1 transmits itself f ! po9t ( =ce-g5]ation to t ( =ce-exp5diture4 ,& ?is is precisely ! (fice p]=m$ by all me*anical contrivances = ! transmission--n transmutation--( =ce4 ,& ! mo/ p]fect ma*9e is t :i* transmits ! eng5d]$ =ce1 ) ! lea/ possible wa/e or ab&onm5t1 to its po9t ( ultimate exp5diture 9 "w4 ,all ^! hypo!tical correlates ( =ce1 !re=e1 pr$icat$ ^u ! doctr9e ( =ce-transmutation1 h no f\ndation 9 fact1 s9ce ! =ce transmitt$ f ! po9t ( g5]ation to ! po9t ( exp5diture und]goes no *ange b t ( direction1 9 its passage along rope1 wire1 belt1 pulley1 %aft+1 etc4 ,a man ^: limbs h be5 p>alyz$1 may /ill w to remove m\nta9s4 ,! w-p[] is ! same1 b ! me*anical contrivances = its transmission are want+4 ,( ! actual po9t or c5tre ( ?is =ce-g5]ation1 9 ! case ( ! w-p[]1 we "k no?+2 b ! mom5t ! p[] is />t$ on its way t[>ds ! po9t ( =ce-exp5diture1 :e!r x trav]ses ! n]ves & tissues ( ! bra91 or ! "r arm or ! left1 or a cr[b> or pickaxe1 x is 9 no s5se di/+ui%able f ! =ce t trav]ses a rope & pulley4 ,nor is !re any evid5ce t x und]goes molecul> *anges1 or becomes modifi$ or condition$ by any ne>ly or remotely relat$ =ce1 z x d>ts along ! n]ves1 runs ?r\gh ! contract$ tissues1 electrifies ! cr[b>1 or fla%es into "w f ! po9t ( a pickaxe4 ,:atev] produces1 or t5ds to produce1 motion1 or an alt]ation 9 its direction1 is me*anical =ce1 no matt] f :at =ce-c5tre x may />t4 ,:5 we c def9itely det]m9e ! c5tre ( vital =ce1 z ex]cis$ 9 build+ up vital /ructure1 n 9 wield+ pickaxes1 x is to be hop$ we %all be able to di/+ui%1 by ! prop] correlates1 vital =ce f t :i* is me*anical4 ,b ! task is manife/ly a hopeless "o ) ! mat]iali/s4 ,pr(essor ,beale positively d5ies t !re are any su* physical =ce-relations z ^? claim$ by ! mat]iali/s1 & ass]ts t vital =ce be>s no relation1 or correlation1 to ei!r *emical or physical =ce2 t ! "o is a di/9ct & sep>ate factor f ! o!r1 & _c be int]pret$ 9 ! same =ce-=mul4 ,he says3 ,! idea ( motion1 or heat1 or light1 or electricity =m+ or build+ up1 or con/ruct+ any texture capable ( fulfill+ a def9ite purpose1 seems absurd1 & oppos$ to all t is kn[n1 & yet is ! notion cont9ually =c$ ^u u1 t vitality1 :i* does con/ruct1 is b a correlate ( ord9>y en]gy or motion4 ,b aft] devot+ s mu* "t to =ce-correlation1 & =ce-diff]5tiation1 ! advocates ( molecul>-ma*9]y may feel !mselves neglect$ if we dismiss _! favorite hobby )\t fur!r notice4 ,! precise p>5tage ( ?is t]m is disput$1 b x has any numb] ( putative fa!rs4 ,we h spok5 ( ! size ( ! molecules !mselves1 & ! numb]s ( !m t might be huddl$ toge!r on ! po9t ( a cambric ne$le )\t jo/l+4 ,let u n[ consid] ! size ( a molecul> ma*9e4 ,= ea* molecule runs its own ma*9e1 & is provid5t en\gh to see t !y d n jo/le4 ,9 fact1 x is a v nice "q 9 physics1 :e!r ! ma*9es d n run ! molecules1 in/ead ( ! prevail+ opposite op9ion t ! molecules run ! ma*9es4 ,un=tunately1 ! "q is "o t c nev] be det]m9$4 ,! requisite sci5tific data w =ev] be want+4 ,b ,pr(essor ,james ,c4 ,maxwell1 n[1 or q rec5tly1 fill+ ! *air ( exp]im5tal physics 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,cambridge1 ,engl&1 has furni%$ u ) approximate calculations4 ,on ! /r5g? ( 8 approximations we w proce$ to consid] ! dim5sions ( ^! wond]ful little ma*9es4 ,& fir/1 x may be axiomatically laid d[n t ^! molecul> ma*9es1 :i* ei!r run ! molecules or are run by !m1 c nev] exce$ ! size ( _! respective molecules4 ,conc$+1 !n1 t ea* "o ( ^! ma*9es exactly fits into its own molecule1 s z to pres5t id5tically ! same dim5sions--z well z _! l>ge/ possible dim5sions--x w\ld require two millions ( !m1 plac$ 9 a r[1 to make "o millimetre1 or ! "o ?ree hundr$ & n9ety-f\r ?\s&?s ( an in* 9 l5g?1 or sev5 hundr$ & eighty-eight billions ( !m to make "o in*6 ,:o w ev] be /agg]$ at ,sirius-di/ances1 aft] ?is8 ,& :o w d5y t an inf9ite _w lies bel[ ! po9t ( our microscopic vision1 if n an ,inf9ite k+dom & ?rone beyond our telescopic glance8 ,b1 foll[+ ! same high au?ority 9 exp]im5tal physics1 let u consid] ! aggregate weight ( ^! molecul> ma*9es4 ,we w n m>%al _! aggregate numb]s 9 a r[1 = an array ( =ty billions ( !m w\ld make too insignificant a figure = inspection2 b simply give _! actual weight z comput$ "u ! ,fr5* or metric sy/em4 ,take1 !n1 a million million million million ( ^! ma*9es1 ?r[+ 9 molecules & all1 & !y w weigh1 if !re is no indiscreet kick+ ( ! beam1 j a fraction betwe5 f\r & five grammes1 or--to diff]5tiate ! weights--a small fraction ov] "o-t5? ( an ounce6 ,b :y n get d[n to ! atoms1 ( :i* ! molecules are only ! !oretical cong]ies1 & m>%al ! atomic =ces into l9e8 ,^! embryonic atoms are mu* ! brav] w>riors1 &1 :5 summon$ to d battle1 spr+1 li! & light-arm$1 aga9/ ! elem5tal foe4 ,!y are no c[>dly molecules1 ^! atoms1 b make w> aga9/ ,titans1 z well z ,titanic ?rones & p[]s4 ,! elem5ts recognize !m z _! body gu>dsm51 _! corps ( inv9cible lanc]s1 _! brave/ & be/ soldi]s 9 fight4 ,& !y are :olly indiff]5t z to ! legions ( molecules array$ aga9/ !m1 & w\ld z soon hurl a m\nta9 ( !m into ! sea z to sport ) a zephyr or cap] ) ! ea/ w9d4 ,:y n summon ^! c\ntless myriads ( bright & inv9cible spe>m51 to batt] d[n ! walls ( ?is ,cretan labyr9? ( ,life8 ,an army ( ^! w\ld be wor? all ! molecules t ,pr(essor ,maxwell c\ld array 9 l9e1 9 a ?\s& ye>s4 ,no life-problem ne$ rema9 unsolv$ ) _! bright spe>s to drive ! t5ebri\s mi/s be=e !m4 ,ev5 ,pr(essor ,tyndall's fog-banks ( primordial haze w\ld be ignom9i\sly scatt]$ 9 flight be=e ^! atomic legions4 ,let our mat]iali/ic fri5ds summon !m1 !n1 to _! aid4 ,! field ( controv]sy w nev] be won by _! molecul> ,hessians4 ,! ineffably bright lanc]s t /& gu>d ov] ! elem5tal ho/s are ! light brigade ) :i* to r\t ! vitali/ic enemy4 ,advance !m !n to ! front1 &1 b5ea? ! %ad[y w+ ( pe/il5ce or "s o!r appall+ ensign ( de/ruction1 ! aba%$ vital squadrons w flee 9 dismay4 ,b let u pass f sci5tific speculations to alleg$ sci5tific facts4 ,9 a pap] read by ,dr4 ,hughes ,b5nett be=e ! ,royal ,society ( ,ed9burgh1 9 #ahfa1 its au?or says3 ,! fir/ /ep1 9 ! process ( organic =mation1 is ! production ( an organic fluid2 ! second1 ! precipitation ( organic molecules1 f :i*1 accord+ to ! molecul> law ( gr[?1 all o!r textures are d]iv$ ei!r directly or indirectly4 ,"h aga9 ! molecules1 & n ! elem5t>y atoms1 are advanc$ to ! front1 & n a little anxiety is %[n1 9 a def9itional way1 to id5tify vital processes ( gr[? ) cry/all9e processes ( =mation4 ,b ,dr4 ,b5nett entirely mi/akes1 z well z mis/ates1 ! process ( vital developm5t1 if he does n ov]look ! law gov]n+ ! =mation ( cry/als4 ,!re c be no symmetrically arrang$ solids 9 an inorganic fluid )\t ! pres5ce ( "s law1 or pr9ciple1 def9itely det]m9+1 n ! precipitation1 b ! =mation1 ( cry/als4 ,! inorganic p>ticles are n precipitat$ or ?r[n d[nw>d1 any m ?an !y are sublevat$ or ?r[n upw>d4 ,! process is "o ( =mation1 n precipitation4 ,e cry/allograph]1 n hamp]$ by mat]iali/ic views & anti-vital !ories1 admits ! pres5ce ( a fix$ & det]m9ate law gov]n+ ea* cry/all9e sy/em1 :atev] may be ! homolog\s p>ts or ! unequal axes x repres5ts4 ,& s ( ! equally undeviat+ law ( vital gr[?4 ,life comes f no m]e precipitation ( organic molecules1 z ,dr4 ,b5nett w\ld h u believe4 ,if s1 :at is x t precipitates ! molecules8 ,!y c h>dly be said to precipitate !mselves4 ,to precipitate1 9 a *emical s5se1 is to be ?r[n d[n1 or caus$ to be ?r[n d[n1 z a sub/ance f its solution4 ,:at1 !n1 causes ! molecules to be ?us precipit\sly ?r[n d[n f a fluid to a solid1 or a semi-solid1 /ate8 ,x _c be f any bl9d or inconsid]ate ha/e on ! "p ( ! molecules !mselves4 ,!re mu/ be "s indep5d5t pr9ciple1 or law ( nature--"o presuppos+ an intellig5t law-giv]--to effect ! precipitat+ process1 if any su* really exi/s4 ,b x does n exi/4 ,! fir/ /ep is "o ( developm5t & gr[?--! manife/ation ( functional activity--! build+ up ( organic or cellul> tissue4 ,! exact process1 9 ! case ( se$-be>+ plants & trees1 is well kn[n4 ,all ^? famili> ) ! *>act]i/ic diff]5ces ( se$s1 _! *emical con/itu5ts1 _! tegum5t>y cov]+s1 rudim5t>y p>ts1 etc41 ?or\ghly und]/& ! process 9 its outw>d manife/ation4 ,!re is no precipitation ( molecules z 9 an organic fluid1 unless ! album5 ly+ betwe5 ! embryo & te/a ( ! se$s1 & con/itut+ ! nutrim5t on :i* ! plant fe$s dur+ its prim>y /ages ( gr[?1 c be call$ a fluid4 ,x ?r[s none ( its *>act]i/ic +r$i5ts d[nw>d any m ?an upw>d4 ,inde$ ! great] t5d5cy ( its molecules is upw>d r ?an d[nw>d1 9 ! molecul> processes 7vital ones7 by :i* ! embryonic cell is />t$ ^u its c>e] ( plant-life4 ,! celebrat$ ,dr4 ,liebig says ( ?is album9\s environm5t3 ,x is ! f\ndation1 ! />t+-po9t1 ( ! :ole s]ies ( peculi> tissues :i* con/itute ^? organs :i* are ! seat ( all vital actions4 ,9 ! case ( animal life1 ?is album5 ab\nds 9 ! s]um ( ! blood1 ent]s l>gely into ! *yle & lymph1 goes to build up ! tissues & muscles1 & is ! *ief +r$i5t ( ! n]ves1 gl&s1 & ev5 ! bra9 itself4 ,& 9 all ^! developm5tal /ages1 its t5d5cy is to coagulate r ?an precipitate4 ,9 its coagulat$ condition1 x dries to a h>d1 p>tially transluc5t & friable /ate1 & is m or less insoluble 9 wat]1 & entirely s at a temp]ature f #adj to #afj ,f4 ,:5 ! se$ is plant$ or plac$ 9 wat]1 x fir/ comm5ces to swell f ! absorption ( ! wat] or moi/ure ( ! gr\nd by ! pores ( its ext]nal cov]+1 ! favorable temp]ature be+ f #fj to #hj ,f4 ,x gradually exp&s until its out] membranes bur/1 & its initial rootlets clasp _! hold ^u ! e>?4 ,f ?is po9t its sev]al /ages ( developm5t are well kn[n to ! ord9>y obs]v]4 ,"h ! fir/ /ep is absorption & expansion1 n precipitation4 ,!re is also a *ange 9 *emical conditions1 ! wat] at lea/ be+ decompos$4 ,= x w\ld seem to be a law ( vegetal gr[? t reproduction %\ld beg9 9 decomposition & decay4 ,! ,apo/le's description ( ! dea? ( ! gra91 z symboliz+ ! dea? ( man1 9 8 fir/ ,epi/le to ! ,cor9?ians1 po9ts conclusively 9 ?is direction4 ,x is 9 ! decomposition & decay ( ! gra9 t ! implant$ g]m is quick5$ into life--asc5ds into ! bright light1 ! w>m sun%9e1 ! refre%+ pres5ce ( %[]s & dews4 ,9 ?is way x fulfils its provid5tial purpose ( yield+ to ! s[] ! m munific5t life :i* he is =ev] seek+ to atta94 ,its g]m9ation is ! spr++ up ( ! inn] liv+ pr9ciple ( ! gra91 n its out] envelope or dead husk4 ,?is disappe>s 9 decay1 except ! small nutri5t portion )9 :i* ! g]m9al pr9ciple ( life w\ld seem to reside1 & :i* und]goes a ?or\gh *emical *ange 9 ! process ( pass+ f dea? unto life1 or be+ assimilat$ & tak5 up into ! new liv+ /ructure4 ,! ,apo/le's comp>ison di/9ctly m>ks ^! sev]al *anges z ! "o process ( pass+ f dea? unto life4 ,he saw 9 ?is wond]ful provision ( nature1 ! /ill m wond]ful prevision ( ,god4 ,to 8 m9d x 0 ov] ! debris ( ! dead pa/ t ! liv+ pres5t is con/antly m>*+ t[>ds a high] & m p]fect life--! ultimate fruition & joy ( an et]nal home 9 ! skies6 ,& he saw t ! two gr& in/rum5talities & co-accessory ag5cies to ?is end1 7 ,life & ,dea?1 bo? equally con/ant & active1 l all ! o!r in/rum5talities & gov]n+ ag5cies ( ! univ]se4 ,life is =ev] unlock+ ! portals ( ! pres5t to y\? & vigor2 ,dea? is =ev] clos+ !m to age & decrepitude4 ,?is div9e prevision ?us becomes ! wise/ & mo/ b5efic5t provision4 ,)\t life !re w\ld be no su* ?+ z dea?1 & )\t dea? no su* ?+ z ?is gr& succession & m>* ( life--?is pass+ f out ! ,%ad[ into ! ,day4 ,*apt] ,x4 ,d>w9ism ,consid]$ f a ,vitali/ic ,/&-,po9t4 ,grant+ t ! assumption ( ,d>w9ism re/s1 z claim$1 on ! fix$ & inflexible adaptation ( means to ends1 9 ! div]sifi$ yet measurably specializ$ processes ( nature1 !re is no logical d$uction to be drawn !refrom b t :i* traces ! repres5tatives ( all ! great types ( ! animal k+dom to "o s+le s\rce1 & t n ! ,sov]eign ,intellig5ce ( ! ,univ]se1 b a m]e ovule 9 protoplasm1 or :at may be def9$1 9 its unaggregat$ =m1 z an inconceivably small :irligig1 hav+ motion on a c5tral axis1 b :e!r an indep5d5t motion ( its own1 or "o d]iv$ f an ,inf9ite ,intellig5ce1 ! ,d>w9ian sy/ematiz]s are n bold en\gh to av]4 ,!y h too _m a priori scruples ei!r to ass]t ! "o proposition or to d5y ! o!r4 ,:at set ?is little :irligig 9 motion is a my/]y t lies beyond ! purview ( sci5ce1 s call$1 & into ! dep?s ( ?is inf9itessimal & mo/ my/]i\s little *amb] !y refuse to g4 ,!y se>* n = ! evid5ce ( an ,inf9ite ,intellig5ce 9 ! out]mo/ circle ( ! heav5s :]e ! highe/ is to be f\nd1 & :]e a b\nd is set t we may n pass1 b %utt+ _! eyes to all ! gr&] evid5ces ( su* an ,intellig5ce1 !y dive d[n into ! inf9itessimal realm ( nature & assume to dig out ! sublim] secrets ( ! univ]se !re4 ,& ?is is _! gr& discov]y3 ,t ?is inf9itessimal :irligig ( !irs has n only :irl$ man into exi/5ce1 b ! entire circle ( ! heav5s1 ) ! innum]able ho/ ( />s t m>* !re91 & all ! b\ndless sy/ems ( worlds t roll 9 space4 ,) ?is subord9ation ( ! ,inf9ite to ! inf9itessimal1 ( intellig5ce to ins5sate matt]1 ( div9e en]gy1 s to speak1 to bl9d molecul> =ce1 !y are satisfi$2 &1 l ! mole 9 ! fable1 conceive _! little molecule to be ! only possible creator ( a /up5d\s univ]se4 ,scrut9ize my propositions closely1 & see if ,i am guilty ( mis/at+ !irs4 ,_! new !ory is only a slight modification ( an old "o1 or ! old adage1 omne vivum ex ovo--all life is f an egg4 ,= !y ass]t t e liv+ ?+ primordially proce$s f an ovule 9 protoplasm1 ! ess5tial "p ( ! protoplasmic egg1 s to speak1 be+ ?is little ovum or cellule1 f :i* h issu$ all possible organisms 9 bo? ! vegetable & animal k+doms4 ,nor is ?is !ory ess5tially conf9$ to organic matt]4 ,a sci5tific cord9ation ( its sev]al kn[n p>ts1 or alleg$ functions1 ext5ds ! op]ations ( ?is inf9itessimal :irligig to ! pla/ic or uni=mly diffus$ /ate ( all matt]1 f :i* has be5 evolv$1 9 an inf9ite duration ( pa/ "t1 n only life 9 its highe/ manife/ations1 b a univ]se s /up5d\sly gr& t no am\nt ( human intellig5ce c grasp ! fir/ conception ( x4 ,mr4 ,em]son--our ,ralph ,waldo--virtually accepts ?is !ory ( developm5t1 sub/itut+1 h[ev]1 a /oma* = an ovule1 & ! rev]se ( ! ,d>w9ian proposition1 9 :at he is pleas$ to call ! incessant opposition ( nature to ev]y?+ hurtful4 ,x is n ! selection ( ! fitte/ b ! rejection ( ! unfit1 by :i* a b5efic5t necessity 7,i use 8 language7 is always br++ ?+s "r4 ,x is 9 ! /oma* ( plants1 he says1 t developm5t beg9s1 & ends 9 ! circles ( ! univ]se4 ',tis a long way1 he admits1 f ! gorilla to ! g5tleman--f ! gorilla to ,plato1 ,newton1 ,%akespe>e--to ! sanctities ( religion1 ! ref9em5ts ( legislation1 ! summits ( sci5ce1 art1 poetry4 ,few p]sons1 ,i take x1 w dispute ?is proposition4 ,! road is a long "o & beset ) all sorts ( ?orns & bri>s1 su* z ,mr4 ,em]son's philosophy w h>dly eradicate f ! wayside4 ,ev5 ! mo/ ref9$ empiricism w f9d x difficult to /oma* 8 /oma*ic !ory ( ! univ]se1 :i* l&s all atomic or corpuscul> philosophy 9 a dige/ive sac1 su* z ,jack ,fal/aff bore ab\t him ) its measureless capacity = potations & ,ea/*eap f>e4 ,x is a road too 9 :i* ,mr4 ,em]son's philosophy w get _m %>p raps f an ext]nal _w ( ph5om5a1 9 ! futility ( bo? 8 & ! ,d>w9ian hypo!sis to expla9 away ! indep5d5t orig9ation ( c]ta9 species ( plants & animals--new v>ieties /ill spr++ into exi/5ce1 "u favorable conditions1 9 ob$i5ce to ! div9e fiat1 ,let ! e>? br+ =?4 ,9 lay+ ! f\ndations ( ?is new sci5ce1 if sci5ce x %all be call$1 we mu/ insi/ t ! c\rse ( nature is uni=m1 & t1 h[ev] ext5d$ our g5]alizations 9 any "o ( h] l9es ( uni=mity1 all int]m$iate1 z well z ultimate propositions1 mu/ n only be /at$ ) ! utmo/ sci5tific accuracy1 b ! logical d$uctions !refrom mu/ also be uni=m1 or lie 9 ! pa? ( uni=mity4 ,! e>lie/ & late/ inductions mu/ ei!r co9cide or approximate ! same end4 ,no l9ks mu/ be brok51 no *asms bridg$1 9 ! sci5tific s]ies4 ,!re mu/ be a di/9ct & sep>ate l9k connect+ ea* prec$+ & ea* succe$+ "o 9 ! *a94 ,! l[e/ kn[n mammal mu/ be f\nd 9 imm$iate relation%ip ) 8 high] cong5] or bro!r1 n 9 any remote c\s9%ip4 ,!re mu/ be no saltatory progress--no leap+ ov] int]m$iate /eps or degrees4 ,! heights ( sci5ce are n to be scal$ p] saltum1 except z degrees may sometimes be conf]r$ by our univ]sities4#ce ,!re are "s fi%-l animals1 say our ,d>w9ian sy/ematiz]s1 l ! ,lepidosir5s & _! cong5]s1 ) ! *>act]i/ics ( amphibians2 & h5ce !y inf] t by successive deviations & improvem5ts ! l[] ord] has ris5 into ! high]4 ,b out ( :at page 9 ! volume ( nature1 9 ! c\ntless leaves we h turn$ back1 has ! imm$iate cong5] dropp$1 t we are oblig$ to look = ! relation%ip 9 ?irty-f\r? c\s9s8 ,we might z well say t "s ( ! ,infusoria possess ! same or simil> *>act]i/ics1 & pr$icate relation%ip betwe5 !m & ! amphibians2 = giants sometimes spr+ f dw>fs & dw>fs f giants4 ,at all ev5ts1 our diagnoses mu/ be fre$ f ^! int]m$iate breaks or failures 9 ! *a9 ( cont9uity1 or ! doctr9e ( desc5t mu/ tumble ) ! imag9>y f\ndations on :i* x is built4 ,& be> 9 m9d t ! mo/ en?usia/ic ,d>w9i/ is =c$ to admit t !re are /ill rigid p>titions betwe5 ! l[] & high] organisms t h n be5 pi]c$ by ! light ( sci5tific tru?1 b !y assume t future discov]ies & inve/igations w solve ! difficulty4 ,b sci5ce1 inflexible z %e is1 or ought to be1 9 h] dem&s1 admits ( no assumptions1 mu* less sanctions su* exceptions & deviations z we con/antly f9d 9 ! ,d>w9ian pa? ( cont9uity4 ,! eye ( imag9ation c supply no?+ to h] vision4 ,%e is eagle-ey$1 & so>s into ! bright empyrean--does n dive into quagmires & ! slime ( creation aft] tru?4 ,b let u see h[ ,mr4 ,d>w9 bridges "o ( ! v fir/ *asms he meets ) 9 con/ruct+ 8 *a9 ( g5]ation4 ,he goes back to ! fir/ l9k1 or to :at he calls primordial g5]ation4 ,"h ! leap is f inorganic matt] to ! l[e/ =m ( organic life--f inanimate to animate du/4 ,! *asm is imm5se1 z all w agree4 ,b he bridges x by fall+ back on 8 inf9itessimal :irligig--8 primum mobile--or on ! motions ( elem5ts z yet inaccessible1 except to ! eye ( imag9ation4 ,= ev5 ,plato's monad1 or ultimate atom1 0 n matt] itself1 be+ indivisible1 b r a =mal unit or prim>y con/itu5t ( matt]1 :i*1 l ,mr4 ,d>w9's :irligig 9 its unaggregat$ =m1 admits ( nei!r a maximum nor a m9imum ( compreh5sion2 b re/s entirely on imag9>y hypo!sis4 ,& we may "h add t a sy/em :i* beg9s 9 imag9>y hypo!ses & ends 9 !m--z t ( bridg+ ! *asmal diff]5ce betwe5 a gorilla & a ,plato--c be dignifi$ into a sci5ce only by a /ill great] /ret* ( ! imag9ation--t ( bridg+ ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! ,d>w9ian z]o & 8 n9ety degrees ( developm5t 9 a ,d>w9 himself6 ,be> 9 m9d1 z we proce$1 t ! function ( an argum5t 9 philosophy1 z 9 logic1 is to prove t a c]ta9 relation exi/s betwe5 two concepts or objects ( ?\ght1 :5 t relation is n self-evid5t4 ,9 ! ,d>w9ian *a9 we h1 z ! fir/ l9k1 organic life spr++ f inorganic matt]1 )\t ! slighte/ relation exi/+ betwe5 ! two1 except :at may be univ]sally pr$icat$ ( matt] itself1 :e!r animate or inanimate1 organic or inorganic2 & !re is no o!r affirmative premise1 express+ _! agreem5t z extremes1 t c possibly admit ( an affirmative conclusion4 ,! p>ts are s sep>at$ 9 ?\ght t no metaphysical or ideal di/9ction exi/s to coord9ate !m 9 classification4 ,we are simply =c$ back1 9 our attempt at classification1 ^u ! intuitions ( consci\sness1 :]e reason manife/ly ceases to en=ce its inductions4 ,& "h ! human m9d intuitively spr+s an objection :i* is at once aim$ at ! v citadel ( ,d>w9ism4 ,on :at re/s ! validity ( ^! intuitions except x be t brea? ( life1 :i*1 z we h be=e said1 0 brea!d into man :5 he became a liv+ s\l8 ,if we foll[ ! div9e record1 in/ead ( ^! bl9d sy/ematiz]s lead+ ! bl9d1 we %all h no difficulty 9 e/abli%+ ! validity ( ^! intuitions--! highe/ pot5tial factors ?is side ( ,deity to be f\nd any:]e 9 ! univ]se4 ,= if our intuitions are n to be reli$ ^u--if _! objects & p]ceptions are to be disc>d$ z unreliable--!n !re c be no agreem5t or disagreem5t betwe5 any two ideas pres5t$1 objectively or subjectively1 to ! human m9d4 ,no processes ( m5tal analysis or ratioc9ation1 l ^? pursu$ 9 ! elem5t>y me?ods ( ,euclid1 c pres5t ! basis ( an intellectual judgm5t1 or lay ! f\ndation ( ! slighte/ fai? or belief 9 ! _w4 ,to d5y ! prim>y p]ception ( tru? by intuition is z fatal to ,evolution z to ! sublim] tea*+s ( ! ,bible ,g5esis4 ,b f ! v nature ( our be+1 z well z ! prim>y datum ( consci\sness itself1 we mu/ re/ ! validity ( ^! intuitions on some?+1 & t1 some?+ m ?an a f9ite intellig5ce2 & s9ce sci5ce1 ) all h] k me?odically dige/$ & arrang$1 furni%es no clue to ! my/]y1 we are left to ! high] s\rces ( inspiration to rea* x4 ,& ?is inspiration1 h[ev] x may be d]iv$1 necess>ily becomes a "p ( our intuitions1 s9ce x addresses itself to ! /ronge/ possible crav+s ( ! human s\l1 & is accept$ z its insep>able companion & gue/4 ,%all we build our fai? !n on ! ,div9e ,^w1--on ! ,^w t 0 9 ! beg9n+ ) ,god1 &1 :5 inc>nate1 0 ,god1--or on ,mr4 ,d>w9's little :irligig t orig9ally set ev]y?+ 9 motion1 & has only to g on ad inf9itum to :irl u out a ,god1 z x has already :irl$ u out a ,d>w9ian univ]se )\t "o4 ,= if ?is ovuli/ic :irligig has bridg$ ! *asmal diff]5ce betwe5 protoplasm & man1 s9ce ! transition f inorganic matt] to organic life1 ! process has only to be indef9itely ext5d$ to bridge ! *asm betwe5 man & ,deity1 or betwe5 f9ite & inf9ite intellig5ce4 ,?is gives u nature evolv+ a ,god1 in/ead ( ! doctr9e ( ! old ,!ogonies1 ( a ,god presid+ f all et]nity ov] nature2 "o :o laid ! f\ndations ( ! e>? t x %\ld n be remov$ =ev]2 :o /ret*e/ out ! heav5s l a curta92 :o laye? ! beams ( 8 *amb]s 9 ! wat]s2 :o make? 8 angels spirits2 8 m9i/]s a flam+ fire4 ,^! evolutioni/s manife/ly get ! c>t be=e ! horse 9 _! category ( cosmological ev5ts4 ,x is n in]t matt] organiz+ itself into life1 nor any mode ( physical or *emical action1 nor any m]e manife/ation ( motion or ( heat1 nor any o!r conceivable correlation ( natural =ces4 ,none ( ^! has enabl$ u to p5etrate ! my/]i\s inn]-*amb] ( life itself4 ,= reasons obvi\sly connect$ ) our own welf>e1 ,he1 f :om alone are ! issues ( life1 seems to h orda9$ t we %\ld fa?om ! dep?s ( bo? physical & *emical =ce1 & b5efic5tly wield & direct !m to our own uses4 ,b ?is vital =ce2 ?is some?+ t /&s ap>t f & is ess5tially diff]5t f all o!r k9ds ( =ce1 is ( a nature t baffles all our ef=ts to approa*4 ,! p[] to grasp x1 or ev5 to p5etrate 9 ! slighte/ degree its my/]ies1 is delegat$ to none4 ,all attempts to lay b>e ?is pr9ciple ( vitality1 or level ! b>ri]s t sep>ate x f physical or *emical action1 h utt]ly fail$4 ,we "k no m ( its ess5ce n[ ?an 0 kn[n a ?\s& ye>s ago1 & "k no less ?an w be kn[n a ?\s& ye>s h5ce4 ,to become ma/]s ( ! my/]y1 we mu/ ent] ! imp5etrable veil )9 :i* ! ,inf9ite ,intellig5ce ( ! univ]se presides1--:o1 we are told1 s5de? =? 8 _s1 & we are creat$1 :o take? away our brea?1 we die & return to our du/4 #cf ,we are j z mu* bewild]$ 9 respect to ?is vital pr9ciple 9 our classifications ( ! myriads ( little creatures c>e]+ ov] ! field ( ! microscope1 z :5 we turn to ! mo/ m>k$ =mations ( g5]a & species 9 geological di/ribution4 ,! great tr\ble ) ,mr4 ,d>w9's v9culum is1 t its weake/ l9ks are precisely :]e ! /ronge/ %\ld be f\nd1 & vice v]sa4 ,) a c&or r>ely display$ by a writ] :o is sp9n+ a !ory1 he admits ?is4 ,! geological record is n :at he w\ld h x to be4 ,:ole *apt]s are gone :]e !y are mo/ ne$$1 & nature's li?ography seems con/antly at fault4 ,indep5d5t species are n[ & !n spr++ up :]e d]ivatives %\ld be look$ =1 :ile d]ivatives are ev]y:]e disappe>+ 9 non-d]ivatives4 ,_m ( ! middle ,t]ti>y molusca1 & a l>ge proportion ( ! lat] ,t]ti>y p]iod1 are specifically id5tical ) ! liv+ species1 ( to-day4 ,:at has natural selection be5 do+ = ?is family 9 ! la/ million ye>s or m8 ,manife/ly no?+1 & less ?an no?+1 = "s ( ! species h dropp$ out altoge!r4 ,^! facts1 & hundr$s ( o!rs l !m1 are con/antly obtrud+ !mselves ^u our att5tion to %[1 9 h>mony ) ! ,bible ,g5esis1 ! immutability ( species--! absolute fixity ( types--r ?an _! v>iability1 z claim$4 ,if nature abhors any?+ m ?an a vacuum1 x is manife/ly any m>k$ transition f fix$ types1 & %e ?und]s h] edicts aga9/ x 9 ! non-f]tility ( all hybrids4 ,! doctr9e ( v>iation lacks ! all-ess5tial elem5t ( cont9uity1 & is (t5] at w> ) ! !ory ( ! selection ( ! fitte/1 ?an x is ) ! selection ( ! unfit4 ,! leap f ,lepidosir5s to ,amphibians is no great] ?an ! int]val betwe5 any two species ( animals or plants yet discov]$1 ei!r fossil or liv+4 ,! int]vals are z num]\s z ! species !mselves1 & ev]y:]e con/itute great & sudd5 leaps1 or su* transitional *anges z natural selection c\ld n h effect$ indep5d5tly ( int]v5+ =ms--^? t n[h]e exi/ 9 nature1 & nev] h exi/$1 if we are to cr$it geologic & paleontologic records4 ,!re is ev]y:]e simil>ity ( /ructure1 b n id5tity2 & ! ne>] we approa* to id5tity ( /ructure ! wid] ! div]g5ce 9 simil>ity ( *>act]i/ics4 ,a bird may be taught to talk & s+ snat*es ( music4 ,b no monkey has ev] be5 able to articulate human s\nds1 mu* less give !m rhy?mical utt]ance4 ,take ! case ( ! wild pigeon1 a subject t especially delights ,mr4 ,d>w94 ,mo/ ( ! deviations are conf9$ to ! dome/icat$ bre$s1 & none ( ^! rank 9 /r5g?1 h>d9ess1 capability ( flight1 or symmetry ( /ructure1 ) ! wild or typical bird4 ,!re are well-def9$ deviations1 b no s5sible improvem5ts1 except to ! eye ( ! bird-fanci]4 ,! deviations are simply entail$ weaknesses1 or ! v rev]se ( :at %\ld appe> f ! selection ( ! fitte/4 ,! fact und5iably is1 t ^! v>iations are almo/ :olly abnormal--m]e exagg]at$ *>act]i/ics1 induc$ 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 p]haps1 by high cultivation & close 9-&-9 bre$+4 ,turn ^! abnormal v>ieties loose1 let !m g back to ! aborig9al /ock1 & ^! *>act]i/ics w rapidly disappe>2 t is1 !y w ultimately lose !mselves or melt away 9 ! orig9al type4 ,mr4 ,d>w9 admits t ! t5d5cy w be to rev]sion1 b he insi/s1 manife/ly )\t any positive pro( !re=1 t ! great] t5d5cy is to new c5tres ( attraction1 & n necess>ily ! primitive "o4 ,b ?is is m]e assumption--%e] begg+ ! "q on 8 "p1--s9ce all ! oscillations are inconte/ibly ab\t ! orig9al or type c5tre4 ,! same may be said ( ! typical races ( m51 l ! negro & wild ,indian ( our prairies4 ,y may lift !m out ( _! primitive condition--tempor>ily susp5d1 if y please s to put x1 _! primordial attraction1--b1 left aga9 to !mselves1 !y w g back to ! orig9al type2 t is1 _! (fspr+ w aga9 infe/ ! jungles & roam _! native hunt+-gr\nds4 ,! process "h is ! v rev]se ( ! ,d>w9ian !ory4 ,rev]sion1 z a rule1 foll[s ! deg5]acy ( types1 in/ead ( !re be+ any favorable homog5e\s result1 spr++ f a new c5tre ( attraction4 ,! ,indian makes a spl5did savage1 b a v poor :ite man4 ,?9k ( ,r$ ,jacket tak+ ! "p ( ,m]cutio 9 ! play or enact+ ! m valiant role ( ,fal/aff 9 ,k+ ,h5ry ! ,f\r?4 ,an infusion ( :ite blood does n help ! matt]1 b r makes x worse4 ,g5]ally1 ! meane/ ,indian on ! cont95t is y\r half-bre$1 & among ! negroes !re is no t]m s expressive ( ! contempt ( t race1 z t appli$ by !m to a mulatto4 ,! pres5t condition ( ,mexico af=ds a /rik+ exemplification ( ?is law ( rev]sion4 ,! inh]itable *>act]i/ics or v>iations1 produc$ f an infusion ( ,spani% blood1 are rapidly disappe>+--! native blood :ipp+ out ! ,european4 ,! pot5cy is 9 ! inf]ior blood1 simply because x is ! pr$om9at+ "o4 ,! result has be5 no homog5e\s new race1 b a rev]sion1 n[ manife/ly 9 progress1 to ! type c5tre or aborig9al /ock4 ,& ! curse pron\nc$ by ,ezekiel ^u mongrel tribes--woe unto ! m+l$ peoples may h a significance 9 ?is connection wor? consid]+2 b x manife/ly falls outside ! scope ( our pres5t inquiry4 ,9 consid]+ ! embryological /ructure ( man1 & ! homologies he !re9 pres5ts to ! l[] animals1 ,mr4 ,d>w9 ?us conclusively 79 8 judgm5t7 rem>ks3 ,we ?us le>n t man is desc5d$ f a hairy quadrup$1 furni%$ ) a tail & po9t$ e>s1 probably arboreal 9 8 habits1 & an inhabitant ( ! ,old ,_w4 ,b ,mr4 ,d>w9's pronom9al we1 9 ?is connection1 admits ( qualification4 ,he c h>dly speak = all ! sci5tific _w at once4 ,! philosophical maxim ( ,sir ,isaac ,newton--hypo!ses non f+o--,i build no hypo!ses1 make no suppositions1 b adh]e to facts--has a few foll[]s /ill left4 ,b :at are ,mr4 ,d>w9's facts8 ,has he yet discov]$ ! caudal man1 except z ! ev]-f]tile ,mr4 ,/anley he>d ( "o 9 ,africa8 ,& :]e is 8 monkey t fir/ lo/ ! preh5sile p[] to climb trees8 ,= be> 9 m9d t x 0 ! loss ( ?is preh5sile p[] t result$ 9 ! caudal atrophy ( our monkey prog5itors1 :o became m5 simply because !y 7 tailless monkeys6 ,!y _h lo/ _! p[] to climb trees1 & accord+ly _h no long] any use = tails to let !mselves d[n f ! limbs4 ,a b5efic5t necessity !re=e1 accord+ to ,mr4 ,em]son1 dropp$ ! tail z some?+ decid$ly unfit4 ,= ! simple/ tyro 9 ,d>w9ian philosophy w see t ! loss ( ! ,cat>rh9e monkey's tail1 if x ev] occurr$1 c\ld n h result$ f ! selection ( ! fitte/4 ,! deep] ,em]sonian philosophy ( ! rejection ( ! unfit1 af=ds ! only solution ( ! difficulty1 & !n only on ! assumption t ! tail is an unfit app5dage = ! monkey4 ,) ! loss ( 8 tail1 9 ! light ( ?is new g5esis1 ! monkey necess>ily ceas$ to be arboreal 9 8 habits4 ,he c\ld no long] subsi/ on ! fruits & nuts ( trees1 or take refuge !re9 f 8 enemies4 ,he _h to g to "w & make weapons to def5d himself--to con/ruct tools--make & set traps1 live on 8 wits1 & n on 8 preh5sile p[] to climb trees4 ,he soon discov]$1 ( c\rse1 t ! longe/ pole knock$ ! p]simmon4 ,?is 0 8 fir/ intellectual /ride t[>ds ! future ,edison4 ,f ! simple/ sort ( ,grahamitic philosoph] he pass$ into ! robu/1 beef-eat+ ,engli%man4 ,b ?is 0 n all4 ,z an arboreal gymna/1 he 0 manife/ly on 8 way to m ma/]ly feats ( agility ?an ev]1--^? dep5d5t1 n on muscul> function1 b on ! n]v\s action ( ! bra9 & sp9al m>r[4 ,necessity became ) him ! "m ( inv5tion1 & h[ admirably he improv$ "u ?is mat]nal in/ructor we are left to inf] f ! p>am\nt conclusion ( ,mr4 ,d>w91 t ! demoraliz$ monkey became ! incipi5t man6 ,b ?is conclusively acc\nts = only "o ( ! _m anatomical diff]5ces betwe5 man & 8 caudal prog5itor4 ,= :y %\ld ! loss ( 8 tail h result$ 9 ! *ang$ *emi/ry ( ! monkey's bra98 or 9 ! increas$ involutions ( 8 bra9 ev58 ,! specific diff]5ces betwe5 ! pres5t & ance/ral types are v num]\s & dem& sep>ate classification4 ,_! v>iability runs ?r\gh e bone1 muscle1 tissue1 fibre1 n]ve4 ,_! blood corpuscles are n ! same4 ,! *emi/ry ( _! bones ess5tially diff]s4 ,! n]ves are diff]5tly bundl$ & diff]5tly /rung4 ,9 intonations ( voice--symmetry ( arms1 legs1 *e/--hairlessness ( body1 & aquatic & l& habits1 ! frog is a mu* ne>] approa* to man ?an ! monkey1 z all c>icaturi/s1 del9eat+ ald]manic proportions1 w agree4 ,& ,mr4 ,d>w9 might h immortaliz$ himself by d]iv+ ! build]s ( ! anci5t pile-habitations & o!r primitive wat]-rats & croak]s ( ! ,swiss lakes1 f ?is tailless batra*ian4 ,= ev]ybody kn[s1 or ?9ks he kn[s1 h[ ! frog lo/ 8 tail4 ,if he didn't wag x (f1 he c]ta9ly absorb$ its waggi%ness z a di/+ui%+ *>act]i/ic ( ! com+ man--! future ,artemas ,w>ds & ,m>k ,twa9s ( ! race4 ,?is ance/ral orig9 w also acc\nt = ! o!rwise unacc\ntable proclivity ( all human juv5iles to play at ! game ( leap-frog6 ,besides1 x w\ld h reliev$ ,mr4 ,d>w9 f "o ( ! greate/ p]plexities he has _h to enc\nt]4 ,z he d]ives man f a hairy quadrup$1 ! abs5ce ( hair on ! human body1 is a ph5om5al fact t gives him great tr\ble4 ,he agrees t x does n result f natural selection1 z he says ! loss ( hair is an inconv5i5ce & probably an injury to man4 ,nor does he suppose x to result f :at he calls correlat$ developm5t4 ,he is m puzzl$ ov] ?is problem ( dive/iture ?an any o!r1 & f9ds ! solution ( x only 9 sexual selection4 ,t is1 he assumes t among our semi-human prog5itors1 f> back 9 ! ,t]ti>y or "s o!r p]iod1 "s female monkeys 7 less hirsute ?an o!rs1 & t !y naturally pref]r$ males possess+ simil> *>act]i/ics4 ,^! div]g5cies 7 ?us comm5c$1 &1 by cont9u\s sexual selection1 ! infirmity 7= su* he reg>ds ! loss ( hair7 0 propagat$ until ! race 0 almo/ entirely d5ud$ or b]eft ( ?is cov]+4 ,9 ! same way he acc\nts = ne>ly all ! diff]5tiations ( ! race1 among ! v>i\s tribes n[ or =m]ly inhabit+ ! e>?4 ,all h sprung f ! same semi-human prog5itors--apes t lo/ _! capacity to subsi/ z apes1 & h5ce f\nd x necess>y to subsi/ z m56 ,! law ( deg5]acy has1 !re=e1 _h q z mu* to d ) human orig9s z t ( progressive developm5t4 ,9 fact1 x is ! p>am\nt law f a ,d>w9ian /&-po9t4 ,= ! loss ( hair & ( ! preh5sile p[] to climb trees are bo? conc$$ by ,mr4 ,d>w9 to be s]i\s defects & drawbacks 9 ! ape family4 ,b ! law ( sexual selection1 z treat$ by ! evolutioni/s1 is n sci5tifically accurate1 nor is x true 9 fact4 ,! lov+ t5d5cy ( nature is to opposites1 n likes4 ,! positive & negative poles are ^? t play into ea* o!r ) mo/ m>vell\s effect4 ,ea* repels its l & ru%es to ! embrace ( its opposite4 ,extremes lov+ly meet ev]y:]e4 ,a brunette selects a blonde & a blonde a brunette1 z a g5]al rule 9 matrimony4 ,a tall man or woman1 ) r>e exceptions1 *ooses a %ort companion = life4 ,d>k eyes delight 9 ^? t are light1 & vice-v]sa4 ,ev]y:]e nature seeks div]sity1 n similitude4 ,! gaye/ & brighte/ fea!r$ song/] craves companion%ip 9 mode/ & unobtrusive colors4 ,div]sity is ! law ( life1 z equality1 or v]similitude1 is t ( dea?4 ,nei!r natural selection1 nor sexual selection1 runs c\nt] to ?is law4 ,if ,mr4 ,d>w9's !ory 7 true1 t likes select$ likes1 !n ! two m>k$ extremes :i* %\ld h *>act]iz$ ! race1 soon aft] its em]g5ce f ! semi-human /ate1 %\ld h be5 giants & pigmies1 ,g>gantuas & ,lilliputs4 ,o!rwise sexual selection1 z treat$ by its au?or1 plays no intelligible "p 9 ! economy ( nature1 except to c\nt]balance v>iability1 n to propagate x4 ,b ! ,d>w9ian assumption t ! primeval man1 or 8 imm$iate ape-l prog5itor1 came ?r\gh natural selection1 t is1 ?r\gh ! survival ( ! fitte/1 is subject to "o or two o!r objections :i* we %all briefly notice4 ,& ! fir/ objection is n altoge!r a te*nical "o4 ,! t]m fitte/1 z appli$ to a monkey1 has at once a def9ite & compreh5sive significance to u4 ,x implies ! pres5ce ( :atev] is mo/ p]fect ( its k9d 9 ! monkey z a monkey1 & n 9 ! monkey z some?+ else ?an a monkey4 ,!y are all admirably adapt$ = climb+ trees2 & x is ?is adaptation t secures !m safety1 or complete immunity1 9 %elt] f _! enemies4 ,to say t nature selects ! fitte/ = !m--= any species ( monkey--by conv]t+ _! =efeet into rudim5t>y h&s1 ) a loss ( preh5sion & no correspond+ advantages 9 locomotion1 is to use language )\t any appreciable significance to u4 ,we c only say t :at is fitte/ = ! monkey is ill-fitt$ = man1 & ! rev]se4 ,?is is all we c def9itely pr$icate ( !m1 f :at we "k ( _! anatomical /ructure1 & ! div]sifi$ uses to :i* x may be put4 ,! fact is1 z ! ,bible g5esis %[s1 t e liv+ ?+ is p]fect ( its k9d1 & :atev] is p]fect admits ( no ,d>w9ian v>iations or improvem5ts = ! bett]4 ,& ! simple /atem5t ( ?is und5iable proposition is1 we submit1 a complete refutation ( ,d>w9ism4 ,:5 ! wat]s & ! e>? 7 comm&$ to br+ =? abundantly ( e liv+ creature & e liv+ ?+1 x 0 s1 & ,god saw t x 0 good1 t is1 ev]y?+ p]fect ( its k9d1 & 9 its k9d4 ,) ?is s+le limitation z to k9d1 a rattlesnake is no less p]fect ?an a ,plato or a ,john ,h[>d4 ,:5 we consid] man's upright position2 ! firmness & /ead9ess ) :i* he plants 8 foot ^u ! e>?2 :5 we exam9e ! me*anism ( 8 h&1 & ! wond]ful & almo/ unlimit$ range x possesses = div]sifi$ use2 :5 we see h[ ill-fitt$ he is = climb+ trees1 yet h[ express & admirable = climb+ among ! />s1 ev5 to ! out]mo/ milky-way1 ! idea t :at is fitte/ = him is fit = ! *att]+ monkey1 is too absurd to give u pause4 ,& yet h[ does ,mr4 ,d>w9 "k t ! monkey has be5 climb+ up1 all ^! hundr$ ?\s& or million ye>s1 into man1 z "o ( ! cong5ital freaks ( nature1 & n man %ambl+ d[n into ! monkey z a rev]se cong5ital freak4 ,*ildr5 h sometimes be5 born ) a s+ul> resemblance to ! ape family1 b no ape has ev]1 to ,mr4 ,d>w9's k1 produc$ issue m manlike ?an itself4 ,! div]g5cies run ! wrong way to meet ! conditions ( ! developm5t !ory4 ,we h _h ne>ly five ?\s& ye>s 9 :i* to m>k ^! transitional *anges1 & yet ! monkey ( to-day is id5tical ) t pa9t$ on ! walls ( anci5t ,m]oe4 ,9 all ?is "t he has made no advance 9 ! g5etic relation2 & if we turn back ! li?ographic pages ( nature = a hundr$ times five ?\s& ye>s1 we %all f9d no ess5tial dep>ture f aborig9al types4 ,b ! ,d>w9ian hypo!sis admits ( a m conclusive answ] ?an we h yet giv54 ,pa/ "t1 x w be conc$$1 is !oretically if n actually inf9ite2 & 9 all pa/ "t1 nature has be5 tugg+ away at ,mr4 ,d>w9's problem ( ! survival ( ! fitte/4 ,x is no two hundr$ & fifty ?\s& ye>s1 nor two hundr$ & fifty millions1 b an inf9ite duration ( pa/ "t t cov]s ! p]iod 9 :i* %e has be5 wre/l+ ) ?is problem4 ,h[ successfully has %e solv$ x8 ,9 ! ,d>w9ian s5se ( ! t]m fitte/1 %e has n s mu* z /at$ h] fir/ equation or extract$ ! root ( h] fir/ p[]4 ,%e is manife/ly z mu* puzzl$ ov] ! problem z ,mr4 ,d>w9 himself4 ,he fails to see t ! survival ( ! fitte/1 necess>ily implies1 or c>ries ) x1 ! correlative proposition1--! non-survival ( ! unfit4 ,& :5 su* a law has be5 op]ative = an inf9ite duration ( pa/ "t1 ! unfit1 h[ev] inf9itely di/ribut$ at fir/1 %\ld h disappe>$ altoge!r1 _m ?\s&s1 if n millions1 ( ye>s ago4 ,if ! evolutioni/s are deal+ ) va/ problems1 & assign+ to nature1 unlimit$ factors to express ! totality ( h] un]r+ op]ations1 !y mu/ be c>eful to limit ! "t 9 :i* any "o ( h] giv5 labors is to be accompli%$4 ,if %e makes any progress at all1 an inf9ite duration ( pa/ "t %\ld enable h] to complete h] "w j z effectually z an inf9ite duration ( "t to come4 ,b by :at law ( natural selection1 app]ta9+ to a s+le pair ( old _w monkeys1 h _! (fspr+ advanc$ to ?is regal /ate ( manhood1 :ile all o!r pairs h rema9$ /ation>y1 or precisely :]e !y 7 two hundr$ & fifty ?\s& ye>s ago or m8 ,:y ?is exceptional div]g5ce 9 ! case ( a s+le pair ( monkeys8 ,:y ?is anomal\s1 ab]rant1 & ?or\ghly ecc5tric movem5t on ! "p ( nature8 ,we _h suppos$ t h] op]ations 7 uni=m--con=mable to fix$ laws ( movem5t4 ,! doctr9e ( ! survival ( ! fitte/ implies ?is4 ,:y !n1 %\ld nature1 9 h] un]r+ op]ations1 h select$ ! fitte/ 9 respect to a s+le pair ( ,cat>rh9e monkeys1 & at ! same "t reject$ ! fitte/ 9 ! case ( a million o!r pairs8 ,if %e _h select$ only ! fitte/ 9 respect to ?is old _w /ock ( monkeys1 ! entire ,cat>rh9e family %\ld h disappe>$ 9 ! next high] or fitt] gr\p--a gr\p n[h]e to be f\nd 9 geological di/ribution4 ,! break betwe5 man & ?is ,cat>rh9e monkey cov]s q a s]ies ( l9ks 9 ! g5etic v9culum2#cg & yet betwe5 ! two we f9d no high =m ( a l[ type fitt+ into a l[ =m ( a high type1 z we manife/ly %\ld1 to acc\nt = all ! div]sifi$ *anges t mu/ h tak5 place 9 ! int]im4 ,& :at is true ( ! types is measurably true ( ! classes )9 ! types1 z well z ( ! ord]s )9 ! classes4 ,wide deviations 9 =ms1 z 9 *>act]i/ics1 w\ld seem to be ! inv>iable rule2 ! bl5d+ ( type into type1 except p]haps 9 remote relation%ips1 is n[h]e visible4 ,b if v>iation & natural selection h play$ important p>ts 9 ! economy ( nature1 :y may n specific creation h play$ its "p also8 ,positive sci5ce c h>dly flatt] itself ) ! belief t x is roll+ back ! my/]y ( ! univ]se to a po9t beyond :i* specific creation might n h comm5c$1 or ! div9e fiat be5 put =?4 ,to believe 9 ! possibility ( a rational syn!sis1 limit$ to s5sible exp]i5ce1 or ph5om5al facts )9 our rea*1 t %all climb f law to law1 or f concrete fact to ab/ract conception1 until x %all rea* ! ,ultima ,?ule ( all law1 is to c>ry ! fai? ( ! sci5ti/ beyond ! mo/ transc5d5tal belief ( ! !ologian1 & make him a great] dupe to 8 illusions ?an 0 ev] cloi/]$ 9 a mona/]y or affect$ au/]ity !re9 z a balm to ! fle%4 ,we may sub/itute new dogmatisms = old ones1 b we c nev] po/ulate a pr9ciple t %all make ! g5]al laws ( nature any less my/]i\s ?an ! p>tial or exceptional1 or t %all 9 ! long run1 r5d] natural selection any m compreh5sible1 or acceptable to ! rational intuition1 ?an specific creation4 ,= :ile "o class ( sci5ti/s is climb+ ! ladd] ( syn!sis1 by assign+ a reason = a high] law t may be pr$icat$ ( a l[]1 we %all f9d ! broad] & m analytical m9d accept+ ! high] my/]y = ! l[]1 &1 by dive/+ its fai? ( all metaphysical incumbrance1 l&+ 9 ! belief ( an all-encompass+ law1 :i* %all compreh5d ! entire assemblage ( kn[n laws & facts 9 ! univ]se4 ,& ! natural drift ( ! human m9d is ev] t[>ds ?is ab/ract conception--?is "o all-encompass+ law ( ! univ]se4 ,x /eadily speculates 9 ?is direction1 & "s ( ! highe/ triumphs ( our age1 9 physical z well z metaphysical sci5ce1 are measurably due to ?is t5d5cy4 ,! sci5tific m9d is n conf9$ :olly to exp]im5tal rese>*4 ,x is /imulat$ to high] contemplations1 & is con/antly dispos$ to make l>g] & m compreh5sive gr\p+s ( analog\s facts4 ,x is fa/ com+ to reg>d light1 heat1 electricity1 magnetism1 gravitation1 *emical aff9ity1 molecul> =ce1 & ev5 ,mr4 ,d>w9's little :irligig1 z only s _m manife/ations or expressions ( "o & ! same =ce 9 ! univ]se--t ultimate1 all-encompass+1 div9e =ce 7n to speak unsci5tifically7 t upholds ! ord] ( ! heav5s1 b9ds ! sweet influ5ces ( ! ,pleiades1 br+s =? ,mazz>o? 9 8 season1 & guides ,arcturus ) 8 suns4 ,x is ! boa/ ( ! ,d>w9ian sy/ematiz]s t _! developm5t !ory n only h>monizes )1 b admirably supplem5ts & out-r\nds ! gr&] speculation ( ,laplace1 t]m$ ! ,nebul> ,hypo!sis1 :i* reg>ds ! univ]se z hav+ orig9ally consi/$ ( uni=mly diffus$ matt]1 fill+ all space1 :i* subsequ5tly became aggregat$ by gravitation1 mu* aft] ! mann] ( ,mr4 ,d>w9's little :irligig1 into an inf9ite numb] ( sun-sy/ems1 occupy+ inconceivably va/ areas 9 space4 ,( ! correctness ( ?is hypo!sis x is unnecess>y to speak4 ,x is to ! ,d>w9ian speculation :at ! inf9ite is to ! inf9itessimal1 & we only ref] to x to br+ out ! va/ness ( ! conception z comp>$ to ! latt] !ory1 & to pr$icate !reon ! m conclusive induction t an ,inf9ite ,intellig5ce directs & sup]9t5ds all4 ,9 an area 9 ! ,milky-way n exce$+ "o-t5? ( ! moon's disc1 ,mr4 ,h]s*el computes ! numb] ( />s at n less ?an tw5ty ?\s&1 ) clu/]s ( nebulae ly+ /ill beyond4 ,z we "k t no bodies %9+ by reflect$ light c\ld be visible at su* enorm\s di/ances1 we are left to conclude t ea* ( ^! tw9kl+ po9ts is a sun1 disp5s+ light & heat to probably z _m planets z hold _! c\rses ab\t ! c5tral orb 9 our own sy/em4 ,f ! sup]ior magnitude ( _m ( ! />s1 z comp>$ ) ! sun1 we may reasonably inf] t _m ( ^! va/ sun-sy/ems occupy a mu* l>g] field 9 space ?an our own4 ,?is w\ld give an area 9 space ( n less ?an six ?\s& millions ( miles z ! field occupi$ by ea* ( ^! sun-sy/ems4 ,& z ! di/ance betwe5 ea* ( ^! sy/ems & its ne>e/ neighbor is probably n less ?an t ( our sun f ! ne>e/ />1 we h ! enorm\s & inconceivable di/ance ( n less ?an n9ete5 billions ( miles sep>at+ ea* "o ( ^! tw5ty ?\s& />s or sun-sy/ems1 occupy+ a space 9 ! heav5s app>5tly no bigg] ?an a man's h&4 ,& yet ,inf9ity1 z we appreh5d ! t]m1 lies beyond ?is va/ clu/] ( con/ellat$ worlds6 ,:]e is ,mr4 ,d>w9's little :irligig 9 ! comp>ison1 or ,mr4 ,em]son's vegetal /oma*1 or ,mr4 ,h]b]t ,sp5c]'s pot5tial factors1 to express ! sum-total ( all ?is totality1--?is gigantic assemblage ( />s clu/]$ ab\t a s+le po9t 9 ! ,milky-way8 ,! human m9d absolutely reels--/agg]s bewild]$ & amaz$--"u ! load ( conceptions impos$ by ^! few tw9kl+ />s1 & is ready to exclaim1-- ,oh1 />-ey$ ,sci5ce1 ha/ ?\ w&]$ !re1 ,to waft u back a message ( despair8 ,b :5 we reflect t all ?is va/ aggregation ( sun sy/ems1 visible 9 ! telescopic field1 is n /ation>y1 b is revolv+ ) inconceivable rapidity ab\t "s unkn[n & inf9itely remote c5tre ( ! univ]se1 h[ immeasurably va/ does ! conception become1 & h[ unutt]ably pu]ile & fatu\s ! ?\ght ( ,mr4 ,d>w9's little :irligig z ! au?or ( x all6 ,no wond] ! inspir$ ,psalmi/ exclaims2 ,! heav5s decl>e ! glory ( ,god1 & ! firmam5t %[e? 8 h&iwork4 ,b li/5 to ! ,d>w9ian exclamation3 ,! heav5s decl>e ! glory ( my little :irligig1 & ! firmam5t %[e? ! imm5sity ( my little ovules4 ,) ! veil ( fai? & inspiration lift$1 ! words ( ! ,psalmi/ swell into ! highe/ *]ubic an!m1 :ile ^? ( ,mr4 ,d>w9 h>dly rise above ! squeak ( a mole burr[+ b5ea? ! glebe6 ,& :at presumptu\s mortal %all say t ?is inf9itely remote c5tre ( ! univ]se1 ar\nd :i* revolves ?is inf9ite numb] ( sun-sy/ems1 is n ! seat & ?rone ( ! ,inf9ite ,"o himself--! ,sov]eign ,intellig5ce & ,p[] ( ! univ]se1 direct+ & uphold+ all8 ,we "k t "s ( ! />s are travell+ ab\t ?is c5tral po9t ( ! heav5s at a pace exce$+ #aid1jjj miles an h\r1 or ) ne>ly ?ree times ! rapidity ( our e>? 9 its orbit4 ,t !re mu/ be inf9ite p[]1 n physical1 at ?is unkn[n c5tre ( ! univ]se1 to hold ^! myriads ( sun-sy/ems 9 _! c\rses1 is a logical induction z irrefragable z t ! sun holds 8 planets 9 _! orbits4 ,& if inf9ite p[] is pr$icable ^u ?is c5tral po9t1 :y n inf9ite intellig5ce also8 ,intellig5ce1 we "k1 controls & utilizes all p[] 9 ?is _w2 :y n all p[] 9 ! univ]se8 ,x c utilize e drop ( wat] t ?und]s d[n ,niag>a to-day1 z x has already seiz$ ^u ! lightn+s ( heav5 to make !m our po/-boy4 ,?is is :at f9ite intellig5ce--t insignificant factor t sci5ce w\ld elim9ate f ! univ]se--c d2 !n :at may n ,inf9ite ,intellig5ce accompli%8 ,b ! ,d>w9ian sy/ematiz]s object t sci5ce mu/ limit itself to a coord9ation ( ! kn[n relations ( ?+s 9 ! univ]se1 or deal only ) ph5om5al facts1 n dogmatisms2 =gett+ t !y dogmatize q z ext5sively1 9 con/ruct+ _! *a9 ( g5]ation1 z ! !ologians d 9 adh]+ to ! ,bible g5esis4 ,no !ologian objects to a rational syn!sis ( ph5om5a1 limit$ to s5sible exp]i5ce2 b1 9 climb+ f law to law1 he reasonably en\gh insi/s1 t1 :5 concrete facts rise into ab/ract conceptions1 ! highe/ r\nd 9 ! ladd] %all n be knock$ out = ! accommodation ( ,rob]t ,g4 ,+]soll or any o!r boa/$ desc5dant ( a gorilla4 ,& he also insi/s t :5 a priori speculation is lo/ 9 ab/ract conceptions1 ! highe/ mu/ necess>ily press alone ^u ! intuitions ( consci\sness1 :]e all g5]alizations cease1 & all syn!sis is und5iably at an end4 ,"h1 9 ?is my/]i\s *amb] ( ! s\l1 we /& sil5t & alone1 ) only dim & %ad[y phantoms ab\t u1 z if 9 ! augu/ pres5ce ( ,deity itself4 ,b h[ does sci5tific speculation propose to /ifle ^! intuitions ( consci\sness--r$uce !m to ! lea/ ( all pot5tial factors 9 ! univ]se8 ,we w take ! v late/ ( ^! speculations4 ,9 supplem5t+ bo? ! ,d>w9ian !ory & ! gr&] speculation ( ,laplace1 ! sci5ti/s1 s call$1 tell u t ! process ( aggregation1 or ! turn+ out ( new worlds 9 ! univ]se1 is /ill go+ on2 b t ! "t is com+ :5 all ! primeval pot5cy or en]gy1 orig9ally inh]+ 9 diffus$ matt]1 w h exhau/$ itself 9 actual en]gy1 & t !n all light1 life & motion 9 ! univ]se1 w cease & be at an end4 ,?is dissipation ( pot5tial en]gy is to result1 !y say1 9 a play$-out univ]se1 z x has already result$1 !y claim1 9 a play$-out moon1 if n c\ntless o!r heav5ly bodies4#ch ,all ! ext]ior planets1 or a majority ( !m at lea/1 are to be plac$ 9 ?is category ( dismantl$ worlds1 or ^? 9 :i* all life has hopelessly ceas$ & become ext9ct4 ,all has utt]ly disappe>$1 or1 to p>aphrase "o ( ,pope's c\plets1 ,bea/1 bird1 fi%1 insect--:at no eye c scan1 ,nor glass c rea*--f zoophyte to man4 ,all ^! dismantl$ planets1 & satellites to planets1 are only s _m imm5se c9d]s--m]e refuse slag--( no conceivable int]e/ to sci5ce1 except to pr$icate ! ultimate conclusion--a play$-out univ]se1 result+ f a play$-out pot5cy )9 ! univ]se4 ,! magnific5t clockwork ( ! heav5s w !n h run d[n1 ) no ,d>w9ian :irligig to w9d x up aga91 & ! t]rible reality ( ,byron's dream1 :i* x w\ld seem 0 n all a dream1 be realiz$ 9 ! bright sun ext+ui%$1 ! />s d>kl+ ! et]nal space1 rayless & pa?less1 & ! icy e>? swung bl9d & black5+ 9 ! moonless air4 ,oh1 if ?is be />-ey$ sci5ce1 give u any?+ 9 place ( x6 ,ble>-ey$ bigotry 9 8 cloi/]$ d51 mumbl+ un9telligible pray]s1 & believ+ t man is to be sav$1 n by :at he does1 b by a cr$o only1 is f> pref]able to x4 ,b oh1 h[ unspeakably pref]able ! simple fai? ( ! />-l$ ,magi1 :o ,deem+ ! light t 9 ! ea/ 0 se5 ,an e>ne/ & a prophecy ( re/ ,to we>y w&]]s1 su* z !y _h be51 came on t bleak ,decemb] night1 #ahhj ye>s ago1 to pay _! homage to ! ,*ri/-*ild--! long expect$ ,messiah--! ,r$eem] ( ! _w6 ,footnotes #a3 ,x may be prop]1 h[ev]1 to /ate t ! t5? & conclud+ *apt] 0 orig9ally writt5 z a lecture1 & deliv]$ ab\t a ye> ago 9 ,new ,hav51 ,bo/on1 & at o!r po9ts4 ,a reque/ = its publication has induc$ ! au?or to place x 9 ?is volume1 ) ! portion ref]r+ to ! ,bible g5esis omitt$4 ,x w be f\nd g]mane to ! g5]al subject4 #b3 ,)\t ?is lat5t pres5ce ( ! ',i am1' all modes ( exi/5ce 9 ! ext]nal _w flit be=e u z color$ %ad[s1 ) no great] dep?1 root1 or fixure1 ?an ! image ( a rock ha? 9 ! glid+ /ream1 or ! ra9b[ on ! fa/-sail+ ra9 /orm4--,col]idge's ,comm5ts on ,essays4 #c3 ,& sci5ce t is n purely inductive--i4e4 prim>ily bas$ on ! inviolability ( our intuitions--is no sci5ce at all1 b ! %e]e/ possible speculation4 #d3 ,?is pres5ce ( an active liv+ pr9ciple 9 nature1 "o orig9ally assign$ z ! div9a p>ticula aur ( e liv+ ?+1 is frequ5tly ref]r$ to 9 ! high] inspirational moods ( our poets4 ,wordswor? exquisitely ref]s to x 9 ! foll[+ l9es ( 8 ,excursion3-- ,to e =m ( be+ is assign$ ,an active pr9ciple3 h[e'er remov$ ,f s5se & obs]vation1 x subsi/s ,9 all ?+s1 9 all nature1 9 ! />s ,( azure heav51 ! un5dur+ cl\ds2 ,9 fl[] & tree1 9 e pebbly /one ,t paves ! brooks4 #e3 ,! exi/5ce ( vital units is conc$$ by "s ( ! /aun*e/ mat]iali/s1 su* z ,h]b]t ,sp5c]1 ,pr(essor ,ba/ian & o!rs4 ,pr(essor ,ba/ian says3 ,! c\ntless myriads ( liv+ units :i* h be5 evolv$ 9 diff]5t ages ( ! _w's hi/ory1 mu/1 9 ea* p]iod1 h giv5 rise to innum]able multitudes ( :at h be5 call$ 'trees ( life4' ,he insi/s1 h[ev]1 t !y h be5 evolv$ f some?+1 or by "s unkn[n process4 ,b we %all %[ fur!r on t a unit c nei!r be evolv$ nor involv$1 & t ?is is z true ( vital units z ( ! ma!matical or *emical unit4 ,nei!r evolution nor involution w ev] effect ! value ( a unit4 #f3 ,accord+ to ,ari/otle1 ! great _w-orda9] is ! con/ant _w-su/a9]4 #g3 ,! def9ition :i* ,pr(essor ,rob9son1 9 8 ,lexicon ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 gives ( ! ^w 1 z connect$ ) ! div9e life1 entirely h>monizes ) ?is view ( ! subject4 ,he says3 ,trop4 ,i ,john #c1 #i1 77 i4e4 ! g]m or pr9ciple ( div9e life ?r\gh :i* he is begott5 ( god1 4 #h3 ,pr(essor ,s*midt1 ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,/rasburg1 :o insi/s t species are only relatively /able1 admits t !y rema9 p]si/5t z long z !y exi/ "u ! same ext]nal conditions4 ,"t is1 !re=e1 n a factor 9 ! mutation ( species4 ,nor are environ+ conditions factors1 except z a failure ( conditions results 9 ! disappe>ance ( species1 z ! pres5ce ( conditions results 9 _! appe>ance4 #i3 ,says ,m4 ,*4 ,bonnet1 9 8 ,la ,pal+usie ,philosophique2 ,il e/ de la plus p>faite vid5ce que la mati]e e/ susceptible d'une inf9it de m\vem5s div]s1 et de modifications div]ses1 & ?is is ! univ]sal claim ( ! mat]iali/s4 #aj3 ,pr(essor ,burda* 7z trad1 p> ,j\rdan71 9 speak+ ( ! productive p[] ( nature1 says1 ,limite quant l' t5due de ses manife/ations1 elle cont9ue t\jottrs d' agir p\r la cons]vation de ce qui a t cr1 et1 quoiqu' elle ne ma9t5ue les =mes organiques suprieures que p> la seule propagation1 il ne rpugne po9t au bon s5s de p5s] qu' auj\rd' hui encore elle a la puissance de produire les =mes infrieures avec des elm5ts htrognes1 comme elle a cr orig9airem5t t\t ce qui possde l' organisation4 ,?is %[s t its au?or believ$ 9 ! possibility ( ! sup]ior organic =ms1 l ! ma/odon1 mega!rium1 etc4 f ! het]og5etic elem5ts--^? und]go+ e conceivable *ange--z well z ! inf]ior =ms4 ,at all ev5ts1 x is a legitimate induction f mat]iali/ic premises4 #aa3 ,?is po9t is conclusively made by ,pr(essor ,burda*1 :o says 7we quote f ,j\rdan72 ,la t5dance int]ieure la configuration exi/e avant sa manife/ation4 ,& by 8 t5dance int]ieure he mu/ mean "s vital or o!r law1 equival5t to an entia 9 matt]1 :i* results 91 n f manife/ation4 #ab3 ,goe! borr[$ 8 idea ( an ar*etypal _w f ,plato & ! ,eleatic s*ool4 ,!y held t ! _w 0 orig9at$1 & n et]nal2 t x 0 fram$ by ! ,creator aft] a p]fect ar*etype1 "o et]nally exi/+ 9 ! div9e m9d1 if n an actual s\l-_w ( :i* our own is b ! reflex4 #ac3 ,9 a note to ,pr(4 ,ba/ian's ,beg9n+s ( ,life 7vol ,,ii4 p4 #ecg7 an important fact is m5tion$ z obta9$ f ! writ+s ( ,dr4 ,s*neid]1 to wit1 t ,nematoids 7microscopical =ms7 may be obta9$ at w1 almo/ z readily z mu%rooms1 by a process entirely indep5d5t ( spores4 ,= in/ance1 small pieces ( beef 7 c>efully exam9$ to see if !y conta9$ any ( ! ova ( ,nematoids1 &1 f9d+ none1 !y 7 buri$ 9 a small quantity ( e>? 7also c>efully exam9$ = ! pres5ce ( ,nematoids or _! ova7 9 a gallipot4 ,aft] ?ree weeks1 says ,pr(4 ,b4 ?is e>? 0 f\nd to be absolutely sw>m+ ) two k9ds ( ,nematoids--q diff]5t f any =ms :i* ,i _h previ\sly1 se51 al?\gh ,i _h be5 seek+ !m = m ?an two ye>s previ\sly 9 all sorts ( situations4 ,! reason :y he _h n f\nd !m previ\sly1 0 because ! necess>y conditions = _! appe>ance _h n be5 obta9$ by him1 or he _h n s\ght = !m 9 _! prop] environm5t4 ,!y 7 n produc$ at w1 b 7 ! natural outgr[? ( conditions1 z mu* s z ! spores ( fungi1 :i* make _! appe>ance :5ev] & :]ev] ! necess>y environ+ conditions exi/4 ,accord+ to ,dr4 ,gros1 x takes ab\t ?ree weeks = ^! ,nematoid =ms to develop into a reproductive /ate4 #ad3 ,! necessity ( turn+ plants & animals into tramps is j z great 9 ! case ( ,evolution z 9 t ( specific creation 9 pairs4 ,9 bo? cases1 we mu/ insi/ ^u g5eological consangu9ity4 ,= ! *ances ( any two highly specializ$ =ms1 orig9ally />t+ on diff]5t l9es ( div]g5ce1 & ultimately rea*+ individual id5tity1 bo? 9 =m & *>act]i/ics1 is an impossible problem 9 ! det]m9ation ( *ances4 ,consequ5tly1 ,mr4 ,d>w9 f9ds ! necessity ( acc\nt+ = ! pres5ce ( nor!rn =ms 9 ! s\!rn hemisph]e1 & ! rev]se1 j z great z 9 ! ,l9nan !ory1 :i* 0 fully accept$ by ,cuvi]4 #ae3 ,burda*1 9 8 ,trait ,physiologie 7,trad4 p> ,j\rdan4 #ahcg7 says3 ,effectivem5t n\s r5controns des traces de vie dans t\te exi/5ce quelconque4 ,?is is z broad a pansp]mic /atem5t z c be made1 & is only true ( inorganic matt] s f> z vegetable life is conc]n$1 includ+ su* infusorial1 mycologic1 & cryptogamic =ms z may lie s ne> to ! =ce vegetative ( ,ne$ham z to be indi/+ui%able f x4 #af3 ,9 ! case ( volcanic isl&s1 ! upheavals 7 und\bt$ly accompani$ by deposits ( mud1 s& 7ocean detritus71 m>9e vegetation1 & m or less animal matt]1 & ^! organic sub/ances 7 wa%$ d[n by ! ra9s into ! brok5 valleys & pla9s bel[1 :5 l& vegetation almo/ imm$iately made its appe>ance2 n because se$s may h drift$ ?i!r by any ( ! diff]5t ag5cies t h be5 m5tion$1 b because organic matt] c no m help br++ =? life 9 "s =m1 :5 conditions favor1 ?an salt wat]1 :5 expos$ to evaporation1 c help cry/alliz+ into its symmetrically-arrang$ salts4 ,& ! same w\ld be true ( all ! coral isl&s1 br++ up ! organic matt] ( ! sea to ! influ5ce ( ! light1 ! ra9s1 & ! dews4 ,! isl&s ?us =m$ 9 ! ,pacific ,ocean beg9 to exhibit vegetable life almo/ z soon z !y make _! appe>ance above ! reefs1 & a l9e ( sea-bea* is =m$ ab\t !m4 #ag3 ,^!1 :ile pres5t+ ! mo/ v>i$ & div]se =ms ( infusorial life1 are nev]!less ! mo/ con/ant & abundant type4 ,!y ab\nd m or less 9 all organic infusions4 ,ehr5b]g1 h[ev]1 holds t !y are no m animal ?an vegetal =ms4 ,!y v>y 9 l5g? f #a_/aejjj to #a_/bjjj ( an in*1 & are consequ5tly too m9ute to be satisfactorily classifi$ 9 respect to all _! div]sifi$ *>act]i/ics4 #ah3 ,! ext5t ( ! s\!rn ice-cap may at lea/ be approximately rea*$ f explorations already made4 ,capt4 ,w$dell1 9 #ahbc1 ext5d$ 8 explorations s\?w>d to )9 ab\t #ae ( ! s\? pole1 :]e he f\nd an op5 sea4 ,capt4 ,ross1 9 #ahdb1 approa*$ to )9 ab\t #ac ( ! same pole1 )\t s]i\s ob/ruction4 ,x is true t1 9 ! foll[+ ye>1 he enc\nt]$ ice b>ri]s ne> ! l9e ( ! ant>ctic circle1 b !y 7 float+ b>ri]s com+ d[n f ,w$dell's op5 sea4 ,capt4 ,wilkes1 9 #ahdj1 explor$ a consid]able portion ( ! ,ant>ctic ,cont95t1 ly+ almo/ entirely )9 ! ant>ctic circle4 ,o!r explorations h be5 made1 %[+ t ! s\!rn ice-cap does n probably ext5d1 cont9u\sly at lea/1 mu* f>!r nor? ?an #gh or #hj1 or to )9 "s t5 or twelve degrees ( ! s\? pole1 indep5d5tly ( ! packs ( drift+ ice 9 ! o!rwise op5 seas4 #ai3 ,! tru? or falsity ( ,evolution dep5ds entirely on ! successful solution ( ?is problem1 = ! *ances are qu9tillions to ones t no two id5tical =ms c\ld h orig9at$ f diff]5t c5tres1 or f ! same c5tre on div]g5t l9es1 & ev] rea*$ id5tically ! same results4 ,& h[ any two =ms %\ld happ5 to be sexually pair$1 on ! same or diff]5t l9es ( div]g5ce1 is "o ( ^? inexplicable my/]ies :i* mu/ puzzle ,h]b]t ,sp5c] 9 all 8 labyr9?ian se>*es into ,=ce-correlation1 ,diff]5tiation1 ! ,dynamic ,=ce ( ,molecules1 etc41 etc4 ,h[ev] successful he may be 9 o!r directions1 he w inevitably fail 9 ?is4 ,we mu/ fall back on ! gr& ,old ,bible g5esis = ! solution ( ?is difficulty1 :]e e liv+ ?+ 0 comm&$ to produce se$1 or multiply & repl5i% ! wat]s & ! e>? ) (fspr+4 #bj3 ,^! transc5d5tal or ideal =ms may be said to correspond to ! spiritual ess5ces ( ,plato4 ,!y are ! et]nal1 immutable pr9ciples :i* are disc]nible to ! eye ( ! s\l1 z ! s5sible objects !y repres5t are disc]nible to ! eye ( ! body4 ,mod]n metaphysics may deem !m m]e ab/ractions1 b a high] reali/ic philosophy w treat !m z sub/antive =ms1 ( :i* ! objective reality is b ! %ad[4 #ba3 ,h]b]t ,sp5c] may be quot$ z au?ority on ?is po9t4 ,he says3 ,!re is inv>iably1 & necess>ily1 a con=mity betwe5 ! vital functions ( any organism1 & ! conditions 9 :i* x is plac$ 444 ,we f9d t e animal is limit$ to a c]ta9 range ( climate2 e plant to c]ta9 zones ( latitude & elevation4 ,& ! same law holds good z to ! m>9e fauna & flora1 ea* specific =m be+ conf9$ to its own sea-dep?1 or di/ance nor? or s\? f ! !rmal equator4 #bb3 ,speak+ ( ! ultimate pr9ciples or elem5ts ( matt]1 ,plato is quot$ by ,humboldt z exclaim+ ) mode/ diffid5ce1 ,god alone1 & ^? :om he loves among m51 "k :at !y are4 ,x is only ^? :o seek to elim9ate ,god f ! univ]se t speak ) confid5t flippancy on ! subject ( molecul> ma*9]y & =ce-correlations4 #bc3 ,z long z ! evolutioni/s _c agree among !mselves z to :at con/itutes ! process ( evolution1 x c h>dly be expect$ t ! public w accept _! speculations z conclusive inductions4 ,pr(essor ,ba/ian1 :o /rongly commits himself to ! doctr9e1 ?9ks ! ^w evolution arbitr>y & op5 to _m objections1 :ile ,mr4 ,h]b]t ,sp5c] says2--,! anti!tical ^w ,involution w\ld mu* m truly express ! nature ( ! process4 #bd3 ,"k ye n t ye are ! temple ( ,god1 & t ! _s ( ,god dwelle? 9 y8 #a ,cor4 #c4 xvi4 #be3 ,dr4 ,drysdale1 9 8 "w on ! ,protoplasmic ,!ory ( ,life1 says3 ,matt] _c *ange its /ate ( motion or re/ )\t ! influ5ce ( "s =ce f )\t4 ,true spontaneity ( movem5t is1 !re=e1 j z impossible to x z to :at we call dead matt]4444 ,s we are compell$ to admit ! exi/5ce ( an excit+ cause 9 ! =m ( "s =ce f )\t to give ! initial impulse 9 all vital actions4 ,9 all life-manife/ations1 ?is =ce f )\t1 mu/ be a pre-exi/+ vital pr9ciple op]at+ to effect ! o!rwise impossible *ange 9 matt]4 #bf3 ,a favorite set-phrase ( ,pr(essor ,ba/ian 9 speak+ ( morphological cells or units1 z he sometimes calls !m4 #bg3 ,t great & ju/ly celebrat$ naturali/1 ,buffon1 9 speak+ ( ! univ]sal orig9ation ( ! l[] =ms ( animal life by a process t]m$1 9 8 "t1 spontane\s g5]ation1 says3 ,!re are1 p]haps1 z _m liv+ ?+s1 bo? animal & vegetable1 :i* are produc$ by ! =tuit\s aggregations ( 'molcules organiques1' z !re are o!rs :i* reproduce !mselves by a con/ant succession ( g5]ations4 ,x is said t ,buffon 0 = "s "t associat$ ) ! ,abb ,ne$ham 9 8 exp]im5ts 9 vital directions1 & 0 mu* influ5c$ by !m4 ,s t x is by no means c]ta9 t he did n accept ! ,abb's =ce vgtative 9 place ( 8 m mat]iali/ic views respect+ molcules organiques4 ,at all ev5ts1 8 /atem5t t z _m liv+ ?+s appe> 9 nature indep5d5tly ( reproduc+ causes z by successive g5]ation1 is no d\bt true4 #bh3 ,m4 ,trviranus1 :o foll[$ ,spallanzani & ,m4 ,bonnet 9 ^! flask exp]im5tations1 fir/ notic$ ! important fact t ! animalcul appe>+ 9 diff]5t organic infusions1 dep5d$ on ! nature & quality ( ! infusions !mselves1 & t ! *ang$ conditions ( ! same infusion produc$ new & indep5d5t =ms ( life4 #bi3 ,leibnitz1 z quot$ by ,m4 ,bonnet1 says3--,que l',ent5dem5t ,div9 toit la religion t]nelle des ,ess5ces2 p>ce que t\t ce qui exi/e exi/oit comme de t\te t]nit comme possible ou en ide dans l'ent5dem5t de ,dieu4 ,j'exprim]ai cette vrit sublime en d'autres t]mes3 le plan enti] d'univ]s exi/oit de t\te ,et]nit dans l'ent5dem5t du ,suprme ,ar*itecte4 ,t\ tes les p>ties de l'univ]s et jusqu' an mo9dre atome toi5t deff9s dans ce plan4 ,t\s les *angem5s qui devoi5t surv5ir aux diffr5tes pieces de ce ,t\t imm5se y avoi5t aussi leurs reprs5tations4 ,*aque etre y toit figur p> ses *>act]es propres3 et l'acte p> lequel la ,s\v]a9e ,puissance a ralis ce plan1 e/ ce que n\s nommons la ,cration4 #cj3 ,"h is a fact giv5 u by ,dr4 ,f4 ,hall1 ( ,wall+=d1 ,conn43 ,9 a peat mead[ 9 t t[n1 own$ by him1 :i* 0 at no "t subject to ov]fl[1 a l>ge quantity ( peat _h be5 remov$ at diff]5t int]vals ( "t1 :5 ! excavations naturally fill$ ) wat]4 ,9 ^! excavations !re appe>$ n only ! ,cypr9idae 9 consid]able numb]s1 b fre% wat] clams :i* grew to be z l>ge z ^? 9 ! mo/ favor$ /reams4 ,!y made _! appe>ance ! v fir/ season aft] ! peat 0 remov$1 & h fl\ri%$ !re ev] s9ce4 ,9 no o!r portions ( ! mead[ 7 !re any fi% or clams ev] notic$ be=e1 nor 0 !re any o!r s\rce ( wat]-supply ?an ! ra9-falls 9 t locality4 #ca3 ,pr(essor ,beale1 9 "o ( 8 v late/ works says3 ,( ! *emical & physical =ms ( en]gy some?+ is kn[n1 b ( ! relation%ip ( ! s call$ vital en]gy1 no?+ has be5 prov$4 ,we only "k t ! influ5ce x ex]ts is altoge!r diff]5t f t :i* has be5 trac$ to physical & *emical en]gy4 #cb3 ,x is admitt$1 ev5 9 ! case ( ,bact]ia1 ^: movem5ts are ! mo/ uni=m1 t !y are sometimes s in]t & languid z to %[ no movem5ts at all2 :ile1 at o!r times1 !y exhibit m]e ,br[nian movem5ts or ^? no m ne>ly alli$ to life ?an ! m9ute p>ticles ( c>bon escap+ f ! flame ( a k]os5e lamp4 ,& among ! mo/ di/+ui%$ microscopi/s1 x is a "q :e!r ^! infusorial =ms1 ^? exhibit+ ! mo/ active oscillations1 are really vegetal or animal 9 orig92 9 o!r words1 :e!r !y are ,fungus-spores or ,torula-cells1 or :e!r !y may n be "s int]m$iate =ms4 #cc3 ,! difficulty ( assign+ any def9itional value to a primordial g]m is due to ! vagu5ess ( idea atta*$ to x 9 ! popul> m9d1 z well z to ! div]sifi$ !ories & speculations ( ! sci5ti/s conc]n+ ! orig9 ( life4 ,we c only def9e x z a vital unit1 z ! *emi/ def9es 8 smalle/ conceivable quantity--8 prim>y lea/--( an elem5t1 z a *emical unit4 #cd3 ,let two comrades be %ot at ! same in/ant 9 battle1 ! "o ?r\gh ! he>t1 & ! o!r ?r\gh ! arm1 %att]+ x badly4 ,:at is !re to prev5t ! surgeon f tak+ a piece ( bone out ( ! arm ( ! man %ot ?r\gh ! he>t & in/antly kill$1 & us+ x to make good ! arm ( ! man /ill liv+8 ,app>5tly no?+ b t ! dead man's bone w n knit4 ,he may n h be5 dead five m9utes1 & ,pr(essor ,beale's biopla/s might /ill be at "w sp9n+ matt] & weav+ tissue = ! integrity ( ! displac$ bone4 ,:y w x n knit8 ,simply because ! vital pr9ciple t diff]5tiates matt] is gone--c no long] act4 ,if ! integrity ( ! bone dep5d$ on ! action ( ! molecules1 & n on ! vital pr9ciple1 !re is no reason :y ?is exp]im5t %\ld n be a success4 ,= ! molecules are all !re1 & _! action w n be di/urb$ = h\rs aft] ! dea? ( ! man %ot ?r\gh ! he>t4 #ce3 ,x is safe to adh]e to ! ,leibnitzian axiom1 ,natura non agit saltatim4 #cf3 ,"o ( ! mo/ cultur$ classes ( ,*ri/ian believ]s 9 our day1 holds t all life is f ! ,"l2 t ,he is ! f\nta91 & we only ! /reams !nce4 ,& ?is1 !y claim1 is true ( all life4 ,to take away our brea?1 !re=e1 is to cut (f ?is /ream p]petually fl[+ f its invisible s\rce--! f\nta9 ( all ,life4 ,:5 sci5tific me?ods sub/itute = a fir/ cause a m]e resultant effect1 all prim>y pr9ciples disappe> 9 _! int]m$iates4 #cg3 ,pr(essor ,m>%1 ( ,yale ,college1 has pr$ict$ t ! miss+ l9k w be f\nd 9 ,borneo--evid5tly n cr$it+ ,mr4 ,/anley's /atem5t ab\t its pres5ce 9 ! int]ior ( ,africa4 ,b "o miss+ l9k is h>dly en\gh2 !re ought to be an ext5sive family ( !m to complete ,mr4 ,d>w9's plexus4 ,f ! l[e/ g5etic =m to ! an?ropoid ape is a di/ance :i* does n half cov] ! l5g? ( ?is plexus--! imm5se gap betwe5 ! monkey & ! man be+ decid$ly ! great] l5g? ( *a94 ,& yet ! fir/ half ( ! *a9 is trav]s$ by innum]able =ms--millions ( l9ks1 s to speak4 ,h[1 !n1 is ! great] l5g? ( ! plexus to be cov]$ by a s+le miss+ l9k8 ,a long l9e ( caudal ance/ry mu/ be dug up1 !re=e1 9 ,borneo1 & %ipp$ to ! ,peabody ,museum1 be=e ?is trem5d\s /ret* 9 ! *a9 ( animat$ nature is satisfactorily acc\nt$ =4 ,borneo mu/ be exce$+ly ri* 9 o/eologic rema9s1 ev5 to bridge ! *asm betwe5 its own ourang-outangs & ! ,dyaks1 or aborig9al inhabitants1 ( t isl&4 #ch3 ,?is d>+ hypo!sis ( ! mat]iali/s is s utt]ly repugnant to all our ideas ( a p]fect$ ,cosmos1 t we h no pati5ce ) ^? advanc+ x4 ,x is1 at be/1 speculation run mad1 & is bas$ on no o!r assumption ?an t ( ! inh]5t imp]fectibility ( ! univ]se z x came f ! h& ( ,god1 or f ! dynamic play ( molecules ext5d+ ?r\gh\t va/ geogno/ic epo*s4 ,f a mat]iali/ic /&-po9t ?is assumption ( imp]fectibility inevitably runs into ! r$uctio ad absurdum4 ,= if1 9 ! play ( ! mat]ial =ces ( ! univ]se1 an inf9ite duration ( pa/ "t has effect$ no?+ b mutually di/urb+ & re-adju/+ movem5ts & relations among cosmical bodies1 !n an inf9ite duration ( "t to come c effect no?+ b simil>ly mutual adju/m5ts & re-adju/m5ts 9 respect to su* bodies4 ,) an inf9ity ( "t1 space1 matt] & motion1 ev]y:]e pres5t+ a unity ( ph5om5a 9 ! univ]se1 !re c nev] be any?+1 accord+ to ! great ,/agirite1 unconnect$ or out ( place1 z 9 a bad trag$y4 ,cons]vation mu/1 !re=e1 be ! rule1 & des95ce ! impossible exception4 ,b ^! adh]5ts ( inh]5t imp]fectibility in/ance ! fact ( vani%$ & v>iable />s1 z well z ^? t h sudd5ly appe>$1 &1 aft] brief p]iods ( int5se brilliancy1 z sudd5ly disappe>$1 to %[ t !re are mighty di/urbances 9 ! sid]eal heav5s :i* entirely negative ! idea ( cons]vation z a geogno/ic law4 ,b ! ph5om5a ( v>iable />s1 ) all _! app>5t irregul>ity ( motion & fluctuations 9 lum9osity1 are n[ be+ trac$ to def9ite & well-det]m9$ laws ( motion1 if n ( light1 :ile ! !ory ( ext+ui%$ & disappe>+ />s belongs exclusive to ! age ( ,ty*o ,brahe4 ,:]e !re is "o self-lum9i\s body 7or sun7 9 ! int]/ell>y spaces1 !re are probably n less ?an =ty non-lum9\s or d>k cosmical bodies revolv+ ab\t _! respective c5tres ( light & heat1 z ! att5d+ planets revolve ab\t ! common c5tre ( gravity 9 our own sy/em4 ,& ?is is especially true ( t va/ & fa?omless />-/ratum1 call$ ! ,milky-way1 9 :i* mo/ ( ^! peculi> ph5om5a occur1 ) ! exception ( ! v>iable />s only4 ,t />s %\ld v>y 9 _! int5sity ( light by ! probable transits ( ^! d>k cosmical bodies across _! discs1 is no matt] ( wond] or a/oni%m5t3 on ! contr>y1 x is surpris+ t ^! sid]eal ph5om5a d n occur ) mu* great] frequ5cy4 ,?is w\ld inevitably be ! case if ! planes ( revolution1 9 ! case ( ^! non-lum9\s bodies ab\t _! c5tral orbs1 7 co9cid5t ) ! l9es ( vision f our own planet--a circum/ance by no means improbable f ! va/ness ( ! sid]eal heav5s & ! innum]able ho/s ( />s m>*+ !re94 ,besides1 ^! p]iodical v>iations may be acc\nt$ = 9 "p--especially 9 ! case ( d\ble />s--f _! app>5t r ?an real *ange ( place 9 ! heav5s4 ,= if our sun-sy/em is travell+ t[>ds a po9t 9 ! con/ellation ,h]cules at ! rate ( #aid ?\s& miles an h\r 7! rapidity ( ,arcturus' flight71 x is impossible to det]m9e1 9 ! pres5t /ate ( a/ronomical k1 :e!r ! app>5t *ange ( place 9 any /> is real or m]ely optical4 ,b1 9 ! case ( d\ble />s1 ea* is travell+ 7indep5d5tly ( its o!r motions7 ab\t ! common c5tre ( gravity obta9+ 9 its own sy/em1 & ^! relative movem5ts may acc\nt = ! great] or less int5sity ( light z ! two />s1 view$ z "o1 pres5t a great] or less area ( lum9osity 9 _! unit$ surfaces4 ,! assum$ revolution ( "o ( ^! />s ab\t ! o!r--?us de/roy+ all ! kn[n analogies ( ! univ]se1 z exemplifi$ 9 our own sy/em--may be acc\nt$ = 9 ! same way4 ,) /up5d\s planet>y sy/ems revolv+ ab\t ea* ( ^! app>5tly d\ble />s1 !y mu/ respectively h a revolution1 real z well z app>5t1 ab\t _! own c5tres ( gravity--n "o & ! same c5tre1 b diff]5t & f> di/ant c5tres4 ,ly+ 9 ne>ly ! same l9e ( vision1 ) planes ( movem5t at "r angles ) x1 !y w\ld necess>ily pres5t ! appe>ance ( "o /> revolv+ ab\t ! o!r--an app>5t motion only4 ,& ! writ] "h v5tures an explanation ( ! ph5om5a ( tempor>y />s1 or ^? mak+ _! appe>ance 9 ! heav5s1 flam+ up into />s ( ! fir/1 second & ?ird magnitudes1 & !n disappe>+ altoge!r4 ,! mo/ rem>kable ( ^! />s1 or app>5t />s1 0 t ( ,ty*o ,brahe 9 #aegb1 pres5t+ its maximum brilliancy at ! v fir/1 b gradually dim9i%+ 9 size until ! end ( sev5te5 mon?s1 :5 x disappe>$1 )\t *ange ( place1 f ! heav5s4 ,?is tempor>y /> 0 visible 9 ,cassiopeia1 on ! v]ge ( ! ,milky-way1 )9 ^: sw>m ( /ell> worlds mo/ ( ^! app>5t />s h made _! appe>ance4 ,ty*o ,brahe1 9 seek+ to acc\nt = ?is /ell> ph5om5on1 advanc$ ! !ory t />s might be =m$ & mold$ out ( cosmical vapor1 or vapory cele/ial matt]1 z ! eld] ,h]s*el put x1 :i* becomes lum9\s z x cond5ses 7conglom]ates7 into fix$ />s4 ,b any su* rapid cond5sation ( vapory matt]1 9 ! light ( ,laplace's nebul> !ory1 is manife/ly too absurd = sci5tific recognition4 ,a m satisfactory explanation may be "h sugge/$3--,suppos+ ! app>5t relative position ( any six or sev5 />s ( ! six? magnitude 9 ! ,milky-way1 %\ld be s *ang$ by ! comb9$ motions ( our sun-sy/em & ( ! />s !mselves1 z to ?r[ !m into "o & ! same l9e ( vision1 b s clu/]$ toge!r z to %[ _! sev]al />-discs z "o1 we %\ld unque/ionably h a /> ( ! fir/ magnitude1 :i* w\ld cont9ue z long z ?is extraord9>y /ell> conjunction %\ld la/4 ,z "o aft] ano!r ( ^! />s %\ld fall out ( l9e1 by reason ( ! comb9$ motions nam$1 ! app>5t /> w\ld be dim9i%$ f ! fir/ to ! second magnitude1 & s on until x rea*$ ! six? magnitude1 :5 x w\ld pass beyond ! rea* ( unaid$ human vision4 ,b z ! /> ( ,ty*o ,brahe sudd5ly appe>$ at its fulle/ brilliancy1 x may be object$ t ?is sugge/$ !ory fails to meet ! requir$ conditions4 ,z #ah1jjj1jjj1 out ( ! #bj1jjj1jjj1 ( telescopic />s lie 9 ! ,milky-way1 x is n by any means improbable t su* a conjunction ( />s may occur !re9 z (t5 at lea/ z once or twice 9 a c5tury4 ,we c]ta9ly see brilliant pat*es ( closely-cr[d$ />s1 9 great numb]s1 9 ?is galactic zone1 & ! fact t ^! tempor>y />s almo/ uni=mly appe> 9 t zone r5d]s ! sugge/ion "h made q z rational1 9 ! way ( speculation at lea/1 z t ( vapory cele/ial matt] sudd5ly cond5s$ into a /> ( ! fir/ magnitude1 z ,sir4 ,william ,h]s*el w\ld h u believe 0 possible1 if n probable4 ,besides1 x is a def9itely asc]ta9$ fact t su* clu/]s ( />s1 ly+ 9 almo/ ! same l9e ( vision1 exi/ 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ! heav5s1 :i* pres5t to ! nak$ eye ! appe>ance ( a /> ( ! f\r? or fif? magnitude1 & probably w\ld1 if m ?ickly clu/]$1 pres5t t ( a /> ( ! fir/ magnitude4 ,b p[]ful telescopes resolve !m into a l>ge numb] ( />s1 f ! ?irte5? to ! fifte5? magnitude4 ,"o su* clu/] 9 ,&rom$a's girdle has be5 resolv$ into n less ?an fifte5 hundr$ small />s ( v l[ magnitude1 & pretty widely scatt]$ 9 ! telescopic field4 ,alex&] ,von ,humboldt1 9 speak+ ( />s t h ?us disappe>$1 says t _! disappe>ance may be ! result ( _! motion z mu* z ( any dim9ution ( _! photometric processes 7:e!r on _! surfaces or 9 _! photosph]es71 z w\ld r5d] ! waves ( light too weak too excite ! organs ( sight4 ,& he adds3 ,:at we no long] see is n necess>ily annihilation1 repeat+ at ! same "t ! "q ( ,pl9y--,/ell an obir5t nasc]5turve8 ,b ano!r1 & 7to our m9d7 m satisfactory1 explanation ( ^! /ell> ph5om5a1 may be haz>d$ 9 ?is connection3 ,!re are1 = in/ance1 9 ! ,milky-way1 among ! m brilliant clu/]s ( />s1 d>k granul> spots1 ( great] or less magnitude1 9 :i* ! mo/ p[]ful telescopes %[ no gl9ts or traces ( />s4 ,!y are among ,humboldt's small] fissures or *asms 9 ! heav5s1 9 :i* he ass]ts t !re is a great paucity ( />s1 or none at all4 ,n[1 if "o ( ^! ?ick /ell> clu/]s1 :i* %[ to ! nak$ eye z a s+le />1 %\ld1 by ! comb9$ cosmical movem5ts ( our sun-sy/em & ! /ell> gr\p 9 "q1 pass into ! field ( "o ( ^! small r5ts or fissures 9 ! galactic curta9--t ly+ 9 front ( ! /ell> clu/]--x w\ld imm$iately %[ z a /> ( possibly ! fir/ magnitude1 & w\ld cont9ue to %9e z a /> ( t magnitude s long z x rema9$ 9 ! field ( ! n>r[ r5t or fissure4 ,x w\ld %9e out sudd5ly l a /> ?r\gh a rift 9 ! cl\ds ( a d>k night1 & disappe> z soon z x _h trav]s$1 or app>5tly trav]s$1 ! rift 9 "q4 ,?is galactic curta91 x %\ld be borne 9 m9d1 is made up ( #ah1jjj1jjj ( />s1 or sun-sy/ems1 & n less ?an #gbj1jjj1jjj d>k cosmical bodies revolv+ ab\t _! respective c5tres ( gravity4 ,if ! nebul> !ory ( ! univ]se be true1 ?is is unque/ionably ! exact condition ( ?+s 9 ! ,milky-way4 ,( ! m di/ant />s 9 ?is cr[d$ galaxy1 we c only cat*1 ev5 9 ! telescopic field1 m]e gl9ts ( light z ! int]v5+ sw>ms ( /ell> & planet>y worlds ?ick5 9 ! =egr\nd & %ut out ! m di/ant view4 ,x is only ?r\gh ^! r5ts & fissures 9 ?is great galactic curta9 t ! bright] /ell> clu/]s beyond c ev] be se52 & ^! gl9ts ( f> di/ant light1 %[+ dimly ?r\gh ?is curta91 may acc\nt = ! peculi> milky appe>ance ( ! galaxy1 aris+ f ! loss ( *romatic p[] 9 ! full beams !mselves4 ,x 0 und\bt$ly ?r\gh "o ( ^! r5ts 9 ! galactic curta9 t ! cond5s$ />ry clu/] ( ,ty*o ,brahe sudd5ly made its appe>ance 9 ! out] fr+es ( ! ,milky-way1 & rema9$ visible = a p]iod ( sev5te5 mon?s4