,the ,hall of ,fantasy by ,nathaniel ,hawthorne ,it has happened to me1 on various occasions1 to find myself in a certain edifice which would appear to have some of the characteristics of a public exchange4 ,its interior is a spacious hall1 with a pavement of white marble4 ,overhead is a lofty dome1 supported by long rows of pillars of fantastic architecture1 the idea of which was probably taken from the ,moorish ruins of the ,alhambra1 or perhaps from some enchanted edifice in the ,arabian tales4 ,the windows of this hall have a breadth and grandeur of design and an elaborateness of workmanship that have nowhere been equalled1 except in the ,gothic cathedrals of the ,old ,world4 ,like their prototypes1 too1 they admit the light of heaven only through stained and pictured glass1 thus filling the hall with many-colored radiance and painting its marble floor with beautiful or grotesque designs2 so that its inmates breathe1 as it were1 a visionary atmosphere1 and tread upon the fantasies of poetic minds4 ,these peculiarities1 combining a wilder mixture of styles than even an ,american architect usually recognizes as allowable1--,grecian1 ,gothic1 ,oriental1 and nondescript1--cause the whole edifice to give the impression of a dream1 which might be dissipated and shattered to fragments by merely stamping the foot upon the pavement4 ,yet1 with such modifications and repairs as successive ages demand1 the ,hall of ,fantasy is likely to endure longer than the most substantial structure that ever cumbered the earth4 ,it is not at all times that one can gain admittance into this edifice1 although most persons enter it at some period or other of their lives2 if not in their waking moments1 then by the universal passport of a dream4 ,at my last visit ,i wandered thither unawares while my mind was busy with an idle tale1 and was startled by the throng of people who seemed suddenly to rise up around me4 8,bless me6 ,where am ,i80 cried ,i1 with but a dim recognition of the place4 8,you are in a spot10 said a friend who chanced to be near at hand1 8which occupies in the world of fancy the same position which the ,bourse1 the ,rialto1 and the ,exchange do in the commercial world4 ,all who have affairs in that mystic region1 which lies above1 below1 or beyond the actual1 may here meet and talk over the business of their dreams40 8,it is a noble hall10 observed ,i4 8,yes10 he replied4 8,yet we see but a small portion of the edifice4 ,in its upper stories are said to be apartments where the inhabitants of earth may hold converse with those of the moon2 and beneath our feet are gloomy cells1 which communicate with the infernal regions1 and where monsters and chimeras are kept in confinement and fed with all unwholesomeness40 ,in niches and on pedestals around about the hall stood the statues or busts of men who in every age have been rulers and demigods in the realms of imagination and its kindred regions4 ,the grand old countenance of ,homer2 the shrunken and decrepit form but vivid face of ,a,esop2 the dark presence of ,dante2 the wild ,ariosto2 ,rabelais's smile of deep-wrought mirth1 the profound1 pathetic humor of ,cervantes2 the all-glorious ,shakespeare2 ,spenser1 meet guest for an allegoric structure2 the severe divinity of ,milton2 and ,bunyan1 moulded of homeliest clay1 but instinct with celestial fire1--were those that chiefly attracted my eye4 ,fielding1 ,richardson1 and ,scott occupied conspicuous pedestals4 ,in an obscure and shadowy niche was deposited the bust of our countryman1 the author of ,arthur ,mervyn4 8,besides these indestructible memorials of real genius10 remarked my companion1 8each century has erected statues of its own ephemeral favorites in wood40 8,i observe a few crumbling relics of such10 said ,i4 8,but ever and anon1 ,i suppose1 ,oblivion comes with her huge broom and sweeps them all from the marble floor4 ,but such will never be the fate of this fine statue of ,goethe40 8,nor of that next to it1--,emanuel ,swedenborg10 said he4 8,were ever two men of transcendent imagination more unlike80 ,in the centre of the hall springs an ornamental fountain1 the water of which continually throws itself into new shapes and snatches the most diversified lines from the stained atmosphere around4 ,it is impossible to conceive what a strange vivacity is imparted to the scene by the magic dance of this fountain1 with its endless transformations1 in which the imaginative beholder may discern what form he will4 ,the water is supposed by some to flow from the same source as the ,castalian spring1 and is extolled by others as uniting the virtues of the ,fountain of ,youth with those of many other enchanted wells long celebrated in tale and song4 ,having never tasted it1 ,i can bear no testimony to its quality4 8,did you ever drink this water80 ,i inquired of my friend4 8,a few sips now and then10 answered he4 8,but there are men here who make it their constant beverage1--or1 at least1 have the credit of doing so4 ,in some instances it is known to have intoxicating qualities40 8,pray let us look at these water-drinkers10 said ,i4 ,so we passed among the fantastic pillars till we came to a spot where a number of persons were clustered together in the light of one of the great stained windows1 which seemed to glorify the whole group as well as the marble that they trod on4 ,most of them were men of broad foreheads1 meditative countenances1 and thoughtful1 inward eyes2 yet it required but a trifle to summon up mirth1 peeping out from the very midst of grave and lofty musings4 ,some strode about1 or leaned against the pillars of the hall1 alone and in silence2 their faces wore a rapt expression1 as if sweet music were in the air around them1 or as if their inmost souls were about to float away in song4 ,one or two1 perhaps1 stole a glance at the bystanders1 to watch if their poetic absorption were observed4 ,others stood talking in groups1 with a liveliness of expression1 a ready smile1 and a light1 intellectual laughter1 which showed how rapidly the shafts of wit were glancing to and fro among them4 ,a few held higher converse1 which caused their calm and melancholy souls to beam moonlight from their eyes4 ,as ,i lingered near them1--for ,i felt an inward attraction towards these men1 as if the sympathy of feeling1 if not of genius1 had united me to their order1--my friend mentioned several of their names4 ,the world has likewise heard those names2 with some it has been familiar for years2 and others are daily making their way deeper into the universal heart4 8,thank ,heaven10 observed ,i to my companion1 as we passed to another part of the hall1 8we have done with this techy1 wayward1 shy1 proud unreasonable set of laurel-gatherers4 ,i love them in their works1 but have little desire to meet them elsewhere40 8,you have adopted all old prejudice1 ,i see10 replied my friend1 who was familiar with most of these worthies1 being himself a student of poetry1 and not without the poetic flame4 8,but1 so far as my experience goes1 men of genius are fairly gifted with the social qualities2 and in this age there appears to be a fellow-feeling among them which had not heretofore been developed4 ,as men1 they ask nothing better than to be on equal terms with their fellow-men2 and as authors1 they have thrown aside their proverbial jealousy1 and acknowledge a generous brotherhood40 8,the world does not think so10 answered ,i4 8,an author is received in general society pretty much as we honest citizens are in the ,hall of ,fantasy4 ,we gaze at him as if he had no business among us1 and question whether he is fit for any of our pursuits40 8,then it is a very foolish question10 said he4 8,now1 here are a class of men whom we may daily meet on ',change4 ,yet what poet in the hall is more a fool of fancy than the sagest of them80 ,he pointed to a number of persons1 who1 manifest as the fact was1 would have deemed it an insult to be told that they stood in the ,hall of ,fantasy4 ,their visages were traced into wrinkles and furrows1 each of which seemed the record of some actual experience in life4 ,their eyes had the shrewd1 calculating glance which detects so quickly and so surely all that it concerns a man of business to know about the characters and purposes of his fellow-men4 ,judging them as they stood1 they might be honored and trusted members of the ,chamber of ,commerce1 who had found the genuine secret of wealth and whose sagacity gave them the command of fortune4 ,there was a character of detail and matter of fact in their talk which concealed the extravagance of its purport1 insomuch that the wildest schemes had the aspect of everyday realities4 ,thus the listener was not startled at the idea of cities to be built1 as if by magic1 in the heart of pathless forests2 and of streets to be laid out where now the sea was tossing2 and of mighty rivers to be stayed in their courses in order to turn the machinery of a cotton-mill4 ,it was only by an effort1 and scarcely then1 that the mind convinced itself that such speculations were as much matter of fantasy as the old dream of ,eldorado1 or as ,mammon's ,cave1 or any other vision of gold ever conjured up by the imagination of needy poet or romantic adventurer4 8,upon my word10 said ,i1 8it is dangerous to listen to such dreamers as these4 ,their madness is contagious40 8,yes10 said my friend1 8because they mistake the ,hall of ,fantasy for actual brick and mortar1 and its purple atmosphere for unsophisticated sunshine4 ,but the poet knows his whereabout1 and therefore is less likely to make a fool of himself in real life40 8,here again10 observed ,i1 as we advanced a little farther1 8we see another order of dreamers1 peculiarly characteristic1 too1 of the genius of our country40 ,these were the inventors of fantastic machines4 ,models of their contrivances were placed against some of the pillars of the hall1 and afforded good emblems of the result generally to be anticipated from an attempt to reduce day-dreams to practice4 ,the analogy may hold in morals as well as physics2 for instance1 here was the model of a railroad through the air and a tunnel under the sea4 ,here was a machine--stolen1 ,i believe--for the distillation of heat from moonshine2 and another for the condensation of morning mist into square blocks of granite1 wherewith it was proposed to rebuild the entire ,hall of ,fantasy4 ,one man exhibited a sort of lens whereby he had succeeded in making sunshine out of a lady's smile2 and it was his purpose wholly to irradiate the earth by means of this wonderful invention4 8,it is nothing new10 said ,i2 8for most of our sunshine comes from woman's smile already40 8,true10 answered the inventor2 8but my machine will secure a constant supply for domestic use2 whereas hitherto it has been very precarious40 ,another person had a scheme for fixing the reflections of objects in a pool of water1 and thus taking the most life-like portraits imaginable2 and the same gentleman demonstrated the practicability of giving a permanent dye to ladies' dresses1 in the gorgeous clouds of sunset4 ,there were at least fifty kinds of perpetual motion1 one of which was applicable to the wits of newspaper editors and writers of every description4 ,professor ,espy was here1 with a tremendous storm in a gum-elastic bag4 ,i could enumerate many more of these ,utopian inventions2 but1 after all1 a more imaginative collection is to be found in the ,patent ,office at ,washington4 ,turning from the inventors we took a more general survey of the inmates of the hall4 ,many persons were present whose right of entrance appeared to consist in some crotchet of the brain1 which1 so long as it might operate1 produced a change in their relation to the actual world4 ,it is singular how very few there are who do not occasionally gain admittance on such a score1 either in abstracted musings1 or momentary thoughts1 or bright anticipations1 or vivid remembrances2 for even the actual becomes ideal1 whether in hope or memory1 and beguiles the dreamer into the ,hall of ,fantasy4 ,some unfortunates make their whole abode and business here1 and contract habits which unfit them for all the real employments of life4 ,others--but these are few--possess the faculty1 in their occasional visits1 of discovering a purer truth than the world call impart among the lights and shadows of these pictured windows4 ,and with all its dangerous influences1 we have reason to thank ,god that there is such a place of refuge from the gloom and chillness of actual life4 ,hither may come the prisoner1 escaping from his dark and narrow cell and cankerous chain1 to breathe free air in this enchanted atmosphere4 ,the sick man leaves his weary pillow1 and finds strength to wander hither1 though his wasted limbs might not support him even to the threshold of his chamber4 ,the exile passes through the ,hall of ,fantasy to revisit his native soil4 ,the burden of years rolls down from the old man's shoulders the moment that the door uncloses4 ,mourners leave their heavy sorrows at the entrance1 and here rejoin the lost ones whose faces would else be seen no more1 until thought shall have become the only fact4 ,it may be said1 in truth1 that there is but half a life--the meaner and earthier half--for those who never find their way into the hall4 ,nor must ,i fail to mention that in the observatory of the edifice is kept that wonderful perspective-glass1 through which the shepherds of the ,delectable ,mountains showed ,christian the far-off gleam of the ,celestial ,city4 ,the eye of ,faith still loves to gaze through it4 8,i observe some men here10 said ,i to my friend1 8who might set up a strong claim to be reckoned among the most real personages of the day40 8,certainly10 he replied4 8,if a man be in advance of his age1 he must be content to make his abode in this hall until the lingering generations of his fellow-men come up with him4 ,he can find no other shelter in the universe4 ,but the fantasies of one day are the deepest realities of a future one40 8,it is difficult to distinguish them apart amid the gorgeous and bewildering light of this ball10 rejoined ,i4 8,the white sunshine of actual life is necessary in order to test them4 ,i am rather apt to doubt both men and their reasonings till ,i meet them in that truthful medium40 8,perhaps your faith in the ideal is deeper than you are aware10 said my friend4 8,you are at least a democrat2 and methinks no scanty share of such faith is essential to the adoption of that creed40 ,among the characters who had elicited these remarks were most of the noted reformers of the day1 whether in physics1 politics1 morals1 or religion4 ,there is no surer method of arriving at the ,hall of ,fantasy than to throw one's-self into the current of a theory2 for1 whatever landmarks of fact may be set up along the stream1 there is a law of nature that impels it thither4 ,and let it be so2 for here the wise head and capacious heart may do their work2 and what is good and true becomes gradually hardened into fact1 while error melts away and vanishes among the shadows of the ball4 ,therefore may none who believe and rejoice in the progress of mankind be angry with me because ,i recognized their apostles and leaders amid the fantastic radiance of those pictured windows4 ,i love and honor such men as well as they4 ,it would be endless to describe the herd of real or self styled reformers that peopled this place of refuge4 ,they were the representatives of an unquiet period1 when mankind is seeking to cast off the whole tissue of ancient custom like a tattered garment4 ,many of then had got possession of some crystal fragment of truth1 the brightness of which so dazzled them that they could see nothing else in the wide universe4 ,here were men whose faith had embodied itself in the form of a potato2 and others whose long beards had a deep spiritual significance4 ,here was the abolitionist1 brandishing his one idea like an iron flail4 ,in a word1 there were a thousand shapes of good and evil1 faith and infidelity1 wisdom and nonsense1--a most incongruous throng4 ,yet1 withal1 the heart of the stanchest conservative1 unless he abjured his fellowship with man1 could hardly have helped throbbing in sympathy with the spirit that pervaded these innumerable theorists4 ,it was good for the man of unquickened heart to listen even to their folly4 ,far down beyond the fathom of the intellect the soul acknowledged that all these varying and conflicting developments of humanity were united in one sentiment4 ,be the individual theory as wild as fancy could make it1 still the wiser spirit would recognize the struggle of the race after a better and purer life than had yet been realized on earth4 ,my faith revived even while ,i rejected all their schemes4 ,it could not be that the world should continue forever what it has been2 a soil where ,happiness is so rare a flower and ,virtue so often a blighted fruit2 a battle-field where the good principle1 with its shield flung above its head1 can hardly save itself amid the rush of adverse influences4 ,in the enthusiasm of such thoughts ,i gazed through one of the pictured windows1 and1 behold6 the whole external world was tinged with the dimly glorious aspect that is peculiar to the ,hall of ,fantasy1 insomuch that it seemed practicable at that very instant to realize some plan for the perfection of mankind4 ,but1 alas6 if reformers would understand the sphere in which their lot is cast they must cease to look through pictured windows4 ,yet they not only use this medium1 but mistake it for the whitest sunshine4 8,come10 said ,i to my friend1 starting from a deep revery1 8let us hasten hence1 or ,i shall be tempted to make a theory1 after which there is little hope of any man40 8,come hither1 then10 answered he4 8,here is one theory that swallows up and annihilates all others40 ,he led me to a distant part of the hall where a crowd of deeply attentive auditors were assembled round an elderly man of plain1 honest1 trustworthy aspect4 ,with an earnestness that betokened the sincerest faith in his own doctrine1 he announced that the destruction of the world was close at hand4 8,it is ,father ,miller himself60 exclaimed ,i4 8,no less a man10 said my friend2 8and observe how picturesque a contrast between his dogma and those of the reformers whom we have just glanced at4 ,they look for the earthly perfection of mankind1 and are forming schemes which imply that the immortal spirit will be connected with a physical nature for innumerable ages of futurity4 ,on the other hand1 here comes good ,father ,miller1 and with one puff of his relentless theory scatters all their dreams like so many withered leaves upon the blast40 8,it is1 perhaps1 the only method of getting mankind out of the various perplexities into which they have fallen10 ,i replied4 8,yet ,i could wish that the world might be permitted to endure until some great moral shall have been evolved4 ,a riddle is propounded4 ,where is the solution8 ,the sphinx did not slay herself until her riddle had been guessed4 ,will it not be so with the world8 ,now1 if it should be burned to-morrow morning1 ,i am at a loss to know what purpose will have been accomplished1 or how the universe will be wiser or better for our existence and destruction40 8,we cannot tell what mighty truths may have been embodied in act through the existence of the globe and its inhabitants10 rejoined my companion4 8,perhaps it may be revealed to us after the fall of the curtain over our catastrophe2 or not impossibly1 the whole drama1 in which we are involuntary actors1 may have been performed for the instruction of another set of spectators4 ,i cannot perceive that our own comprehension of it is at all essential to the matter4 ,at any rate1 while our view is so ridiculously narrow and superficial it would be absurd to argue the continuance of the world from the fact that it seems to have existed hitherto in vain40 8,the poor old earth10 murmured ,i4 8,she has faults enough1 in all conscience1 but ,i cannot hear to have her perish40 8,it is no great matter10 said my friend4 8,the happiest of us has been weary of her many a time and oft40 8,i doubt it10 answered ,i1 pertinaciously2 8the root of human nature strikes down deep into this earthly soil1 and it is but reluctantly that we submit to be transplanted1 even for a higher cultivation in heaven4 ,i query whether the destruction of the earth would gratify any one individual1 except perhaps some embarrassed man of business whose notes fall due a day after the day of doom40 ,then methought ,i heard the expostulating cry of a multitude against the consummation prophesied by ,father ,miller4 ,the lover wrestled with ,providence for his foreshadowed bliss4 ,parents entreated that the earth's span of endurance might be prolonged by some seventy years1 so that their new-born infant should not be defrauded of his lifetime4 ,a youthful poet murmured because there would be no posterity to recognize the inspiration of his song4 ,the reformers1 one and all1 demanded a few thousand years to test their theories1 after which the universe might go to wreck4 ,a mechanician1 who was busied with an improvement of the steam-engine1 asked merely time to perfect his model4 ,a miser insisted that the world's destruction would be a personal wrong to himself1 unless he should first be permitted to add a specified sum to his enormous heap of gold4 ,a little boy made dolorous inquiry whether the last day would come before ,christmas1 and thus deprive him of his anticipated dainties4 ,in short1 nobody seemed satisfied that this mortal scene of things should have its close just now4 ,yet1 it must be confessed1 the motives of the crowd for desiring its continuance were mostly so absurd1 that unless infinite ,wisdom had been aware of much better reasons1 the solid earth must have melted away at once4 ,for my own part1 not to speak of a few private and personal ends1 ,i really desired our old mother's prolonged existence for her own dear sake4 8,the poor old earth60 ,i repeated4 8,what ,i should chiefly regret in her destruction would be that very earthliness which no other sphere or state of existence can renew or compensate4 ,the fragrance of flowers and of new-mown hay2 the genial warmth of sunshine1 and the beauty of a sunset among clouds2 the comfort and cheerful glow of the fireside2 the deliciousness of fruits and of all good cheer2 the magnificence of mountains1 and seas1 and cataracts1 and the softer charm of rural scenery2 even the fast-falling snow and the gray atmosphere through which it descends1--all these and innumerable other enjoyable things of earth must perish with her4 ,then the country frolics2 the homely humor2 the broad1 open-mouthed roar of laughter1 in which body and soul conjoin so heartily6 ,i fear that no other world call show its anything just like this4 ,as for purely moral enjoyments1 the good will find them in every state of being4 ,but where the material and the moral exist together1 what is to happen then8 ,and then our mute four-footed friends and the winged songsters of our woods6 ,might it not be lawful to regret them1 even in the hallowed groves of paradise80 8,you speak like the very spirit of earth1 imbued with a scent of freshly turned soil10 exclaimed my friend4 8,it is not that ,i so much object to giving up these enjoyments on my own account10 continued ,i1 8but ,i hate to think that they will have been eternally annihilated from the list of joys40 8,nor need they be10 he replied4 8,i see no real force in what you say4 ,standing in this ,hall of ,fantasy1 we perceive what even the earth-clogged intellect of man can do in creating circumstances which1 though we call them shadowy and visionary1 are scarcely more so than those that surround us in actual life4 ,doubt not then that man's disembodied spirit may recreate time and the world for itself1 with all their peculiar enjoyments1 should there still be human yearnings amid life eternal and infinite4 ,but ,i doubt whether we shall be inclined to play such a poor scene over again40 8,o1 you are ungrateful to our mother earth60 rejoined ,i4 8,come what may1 ,i never will forget her6 ,neither will it satisfy me to have her exist merely in idea4 ,i want her great1 round1 solid self to endure interminably1 and still to be peopled with the kindly race of man1 whom ,i uphold to be much better than he thinks himself4 ,nevertheless1 ,i confide the whole matter to ,providence1 and shall endeavor so to live that the world may come to an end at any moment without leaving me at a loss to find foothold somewhere else40 8,it is an excellent resolve10 said my companion1 looking at his watch4 8,but come2 it is the dinner-hour4 ,will you partake of my vegetable diet80 ,a thing so matter of fact as an invitation to dinner1 even when the fare was to be nothing more substantial than vegetables and fruit1 compelled us forthwith to remove from the ,hall of ,fantasy4 ,as we passed out of the portal we met the spirits of several persons who had been sent thither in magnetic sleep4 ,i looked back among the sculptured pillars and at the transformations of the gleaming fountain1 and almost desired that the whole of life might be spent in that visionary scene where the actual world1 with its hard angles1 should never rub against me1 and only be viewed through the medium of pictured windows4 ,but for those who waste all their days in the ,hall of ,fantasy1 good ,father ,miller's prophecy is already accomplished1 and the solid earth has come to an untimely end4 ,let us be content1 therefore1 with merely an occasional visit1 for the sake of spiritualizing the grossness of this actual life1 and prefiguring to ourselves a state in which the ,idea shall be all in all4