,,slav]y ,,orda9$ ,,( ,,god  ,by  ,rev4 
,fr$4 ,a4 ,ross1 ,d4,d4   ,! p[]s t be  
are orda9$ ( ,god4 ,romans xiii4 #a4    
,,to ,! ,m5 ,,nor? ,,& ,,s\?1 ,,:o      
,,honor ,,! ,,^w ,,( ,,god ,,& ,,love   
,,_! ,,c\ntry4     ,preface4    ,! book 
,i give to ! public1 is n made up (     
isolat$ articles4 ,x is "o h>moni\s     
demon/ration--t slav]y is "p ( !        
gov]nm5t orda9$ 9 c]ta9 conditions (    
fall5 mank9d4 ,i pres5t ! subject 9 ! =m
 ( spee*es1 actually deliv]$1 & lett]s  
writt5 j z publi%$4 ,i adopt ?is me?od  
to make a readable book4  ,i give x to !
 ,nor? & ,s\?--to ma9ta9 h>mony among   
,*ri/ians1 & to secure ! integrity ( !  
union ( ?is great p4  ,?is h>mony &     
union c be pres]v$ only by ! view       
pres5t$ 9 ?is volume1--i4e4 t slav]y is 
( ,god1 & to cont9ue = ! good ( ! slave1
 ! good ( ! ma/]1 ! good ( ! :ole       
,am]ican family1 until ano!r & bett]    
de/9y may be unfold$4  ,! "o great idea1
 :i* ,i submit to ,nor? & ,s\?1 is      
express$ 9 ! spee*1 fir/ 9 ord]1 deliv]$

 9 ! ,g5]al ,assembly ( ! ,presbyt]ian  
,*ur*1 ,buffalo1 ,may #bg1 #ahec4 ,i    
!re9 say3--  ,let u !n1 ,nor? & ,s\?1   
br+ our m9ds to compreh5d two ideas1 &  
submit to _! irresi/ible p[]4 ,let !    
,nor!rn philan?ropi/ le>n f ! ,bible t !
 relation ( ma/] & slave is n s9 p] se4 
,let him le>n t ,god says n[h]e x is s94
 ,let him le>n t s9 is ! transgression (
 ! law2 & :]e !re is no law !re is no   
s91 & t ! ,gold5 ,rule may exi/ 9 !     
relations ( slav]y4 ,let him le>n t     
slav]y is simply an evil 9 c]ta9        
circum/ances4 ,let him le>n t equality  
is only ! highe/ =m ( social life2 t    
subjection to au?ority1 ev5 slav]y1 may1
 9 giv5 conditions1 be = a "t bett] ?an 
fre$om to ! slave ( any complexion4 ,let
 him le>n t slav]y1 l all evils1 has its
 correspond+ & great] good2 t ! ,s\!rn  
slave1 ?\gh degrad$ comp>$ ) 8 ma/]1 is 
elevat$ & ennobl$ comp>$ ) 8 bre?r5 9   
,africa4 ,let ! ,nor!rn man le>n ^! ?+s1
 & be wise to cultivate ! _s t w        
h>monize ) 8 bre?r5 ( ! ,s\?1 :o are    

lov]s ( lib]ty z truly z himself3 ,& let
 ! ,s\!rn ,*ri/ian--nay1 ! ,s\!rn man ( 
e grade--compreh5d t ,god nev] int5d$ ! 
relation ( ma/] & slave to be p]petual4 
,let him give up ! !ory ( ,voltaire1 t !
 negro is ( a diff]5t species4 ,let him 
yield ! semi-infidelity ( ,agassiz1 t   
,god creat$ diff]5t races ( ! same      
species--9 sw>ms1 l bees--= ,asia1      
,europe1 ,am]ica1 ,africa1 & ! isl&s ( !
 sea4 ,let him believe t slav]y1 al?\gh 
n a s91 is a degrad$ condition1--! evil1
 ! curse on ! ,s\?1--yet hav+ bless+s 9 
its "t to ! ,s\? & to ! ,union4 ,let him
 "k t slav]y is to pass away 9 ! fulness
 ( ,provid5ce4 ,let ! ,s\? believe ?is1 
& prep>e to obey ! h& t moves _! de/9y4 
,all :i* comes aft]1 9 ! spee* deliv]$ 9
 ,new ,york1 #ahef1 & 9 ! lett]s1 is j !
 expansion ( ?is "o controll+ ?\ght1 :i*
 mu/ be und]/ood1 believ$1 & act$ out   
,nor? & ,s\?4  ,! ,au?or4  ,writt5 9    
,clevel&1 ,ohio1 ,may #bh1 #aheg4       
,cont5ts4    ,spee* ,be=e ! ,g5]al      
,assembly at ,buffalo ,spee* ,be=e !    

,g5]al ,assembly at ,new ,york ,lett] to
 ,rev4 ,a4 ,blackburn ,:at ,is !        
,f\ndation ( ,moral ,obligation8        
,lett]s to ,rev4 ,a4 ,b>nes3--          
,i4--,results ( ! slav]y                
agitation--,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce--  
,! way m5 are made infidels--,te/imonies
 ( ,g5]al ,assemblies  ,,ii4--,gov]nm5t 
ov] man a div9e in/itute                
,,iii4--,man-/eal+  ,,iv4--,! ,gold5    
,rule     ,spee* ,deliv]$ at ,buffalo1  
,be=e ! ,g5]al ,assembly ( !            
,presbyt]ian ,*ur*4    ,to und]/& !     
foll[+ spee*1 ! read] w be pleas$ to    
le>n--if he don't "k already--t ! ,g5]al
 ,assembly ( ! ,presbyt]ian ,*ur*1 be=e 
its division 9 #ahch1 & s9ce1--bo? ,old 
,s*ool & ,new ,s*ool1--has be51 = =ty   
ye>s & m1 be>+ te/imony1 aft] a fa%ion1 
aga9/ ! sy/em ( slav]y2 t is to say1    
affirm+1 9 "o brea?1 t slave-hold+ is a 
blot on our holy religion1 c4 c42 & !n1 
9 ! next utt]ance1 mak+ all sorts (     
apologies & ju/ifications = !           
slave-hold]4 ,?us3 ?is augu/ body has   

be5 9 ! habit ( tell+ ! ,s\!rn ma/]     
7especially 9 ! ,detroit resolutions (  
#ahej7 t he is a s9n]1 h>dly meet to be 
call$ a ,*ri/ian2 b1 nev]!less1 if he w 
only s9 f unavoidable necessity1 impos$ 
by ! laws ( ! ,/ates1--if he w only s9  
"u ! obligations ( gu>dian%ip1--if he w 
only s9 f ! dem&s ( humanity1--:y1 !n1  
=soo?1 he may be a slave-hold] z long z 
he has a m9d to4 ,yea1 he may hold "o   
slave1 "o hundr$ or "o ?\s& slaves1 &   
till ! day ( judgm5t4  ,happ5+ to be 9  
att5dance1 z a memb] ( ! body1 9        
,buffalo1 ,may1 #ahec1 :51 z usual1 !   
sy/em ( slav]y 0 t\*$1 9 a s]ies (      
que/ions s5t d[n to ! *ur* c\rts bel[1  
,i made ! foll[+ rem>ks1 9 good-natur$  
ridicule ( su* prepo/]\s & /ultify+     
te/imony2 &1 z an argum5t1 op5+ ! views 
,i h s9ce reproduc$ 9 ! second spee* (  
?is volume1 deliv]$ 9 ! ,g5]al ,assembly
 :i* conv5$ 9 ,new ,york1 ,may1 #ahef1 &
 also 9 ! lett]s foll[+3--  ,,buffalo1  
,,friday1 ,may #bg1 #ahec4  ,! ord] ( ! 
day 0 rea*$ at a qu>t] be=e elev51 & !  

report read aga91--viz43  #a4 ,t ?is    
body %all reaffirm ! doctr9e ( ! second 
resolution adopt$ by ! ,g5]al ,assembly1
 conv5$ 9 ,detroit1 9 #ahej1 &1  #b4 ,t 
) an express disav[al ( any int5tion to 
be imp]t95tly inquisitorial1 & = ! sole 
purpose ( arriv+ at ! tru?1 s z to      
correct misappreh5sions & allay all     
causeless irritation1 a committee be    
appo9t$ ( "o f ea* ( ! synods (         
,k5tucky1 ,t5nessee1 ,miss\ri1 &        
,virg9ia1 :o %all be reque/$ to report  
to ! next ,g5]al ,assembly on ! foll[+  
po9ts3--#a4 ,! numb] ( slave-hold]s 9   
connection ) ! *ur*es1 & ! numb] (      
slaves held by !m4 #b4 ,! ext5t to :i*  
slaves are held f an unavoidable        
necessity impos$ by ! laws ( ! ,/ates1 !
 obligations ( gu>dian%ip1 & ! dem&s (  
humanity4 #c4 ,:e!r ! ,s\!rn *ur*es     
reg>d ! sacr$ness ( ! m>riage relation z
 x exi/s among ! slaves2 :e!r baptism is
 duly adm9i/]$ to ! *ildr5 ( ! slaves   
pr(ess+ ,*ri/ianity1 & 9 g5]al1 to :at  
ext5t & 9 :at mann] provision is made = 

! religi\s well-be+ ( ! slave1 c4 c4    
,dr4 ,ross mov$ to am5d ! report by     
sub/itut+ ! foll[+1--) an express       
disav[al ( be+ imp]t95tly               
inquisitorial3--t a committee ( "o f ea*
 ( ! ,nor!rn synods ( ---- be appo9t$1  
:o %all be reque/$ to report to ! next  
,g5]al ,assembly1--  #a4 ,! numb] (     
,nor!rn *ur*-memb]s conc]n$1 directly or
 indirectly1 9 build+ & fitt+ out %ips =
 ! ,african slave-trade1 & ! slave-trade
 betwe5 ! ,/ates4  #b4 ,! numb] (       
,nor!rn *ur*-memb]s :o traffic )        
slave-hold]s1 & are seek+ to make money 
by sell+ !m negro-clo?+1 h&cuffs1 &     
c[hides4  #c4 ,! numb] ( ,nor!rn        
*ur*-memb]s :o h s5t ord]s to ,new      
,orleans1 & o!r ,s\!rn cities1 to h     
slaves sold1 to pay debts ow+ !m f !    
,s\?4 ,see ,uncle ,tom's ,cab94  #d4 ,! 
numb] ( ,nor!rn *ur*-memb]s :o buy !    
cotton1 sug>1 rice1 tobacco1 oranges1   
p9e-apples1 figs1 g+]1 cocoa1 melons1 & 
a ?\s& o!r ?+s1 rais$ by slave-labor4   
#e4 ,! numb] ( ,nor!rn *ur*-memb]s :o h 

int]m>ri$ ) slave-hold]s1 & h ?us become
 slave-own]s !mselves1 or enjoy ! weal? 
made by ! blood ( ! slave1--especially  
if !re be any ,nor!rn m9i/]s ( ! gospel 
9 su* a pr$icam5t4  #f4 ,! numb] (      
,nor!rn *ur*-memb]s :o are ! desc5dants 
( ! m5 :o kidnapp$ negroes 9 ,africa &  
br\ght !m to ,virg9ia & ,new ,engl& 9   
=m] ye>s4  #g4 ,! aggregate & individual
 weal? ( memb]s ?us desc5d$1 & :at      
action is be/ to compel !m to disgorge  
?is blood-/a9$ gold1 or to compel !m to 
give doll> = doll> 9 equaliz+ ! loss ( !
 ,s\? by emancipation4  #h4 ,! numb] (  
,nor!rn *ur*-memb]s1 m9i/]s especially1 
:o h advocat$ murd] 9 resi/ance to !    
laws ( ! l&4  #i4 ,! numb] ( ,nor!rn    
*ur*-memb]s :o own /ock 9 "u-gr\nd      
railroads1 runn+ (f fugitive slaves1 & 9
 ,sabba?-break+ railroads & canals4     
#aj4 ,t a special commission be s5t up  
,r$ ,riv]1 to asc]ta9 :e!r ,legree1 :o  
:ipp$ ,uncle ,tom to dea?1 7& :o 0 a    
,nor!rn g5tleman17 be n /ill 9          
connection ) "s ,nor!rn *ur* 9 good &   

regul> /&+4  #aa4 ,! numb] ( ,nor!rn    
*ur*-memb]s :o att5d meet+s ( ,spiritual
 ,rapp]s1--or ,bloom]s1--or             
,wom5's-,rights ,conv5tions4  #ab4 ,!   
numb] ( ,nor!rn *ur*-memb]s :o are cruel
 husb&s4  #ac4 ,! numb] ( ,nor!rn       
*ur*-memb]s :o are h5-peck$ husb&s4  ,z 
x is always difficult to "k ! temp] (   
speak] & audi5ce f a pr9t$ report1 x is 
due alike to ,dr4 ,r41 to ! :ole        
,assembly1 & ! gall]ies1 to say1 t he1 9
 read+ ^! resolutions1 & ?r\gh\t 8      
spee*1 ev9c$ great good-hum\r & k9dness 
( feel+1 :i* 0 equally manife/$ by !    
,assembly & spectators1 repeat$ly1 :ile 
he 0 on ! floor4  ,dr4 ,ross !n         
proce$$3--,mr4 ,mod]ator1 ,i move ?is   
am5dm5t 9 ! be/ _s4 ,i desire to imitate
 ! committee 9 _! ref9em5t & delicacy ( 
di/9ction4 ,i disav[ all int5tion to be 
imp]t95tly inquisitorial4 ,i int5d to be
 inquisitorial1 z ! committee say !y    
are1--b n imp]t95tly s4 ,no1 sir2 n at  
all2 n at all4 7,laught]47 ,well1 sir1  
we ( ! ,s\?1 :o desire ! removal ( !    

evil ( slav]y1 & believe x w pass away 9
 ! developm5ts ( ,provid5ce1 are griev$ 
:5 we read y\r graphic1 %udd]+ pictures 
( ! middle passage1--! slave-%ip1 pil+  
up h] canvas1 z ! %ot p\rs aft] h] f    
,engli% or ,am]ican guns1--see h] aga9 &
 aga9 hurry+ hog%ead aft] hog%ead1 fill$
 ) liv+ slaves1 into ! deep1 &1 ?us     
light5$1 escape4 ,sir1 :at horror to    
believe t clipp]-%ip 0 built by ! h&s ( 
,nor!rn1 noisy ,abolition *ur*-memb]s6  
,yes1 ,i "k "s 9 ,new ,york & ,bo/on1   
said "o 9 ! cr[d4 ,aga91 sir1 :5 we walk
 along y\r ,broadways1 & see1 z we d1 ! 
s(t h&s ( y\r *ur*-memb]s s5d+ (f to !  
,s\?1 n only clo?+ = ! slave1 b manacles
 & :ips1 manufactur$ expressly =        
him1--:at mu/ we ?9k ( y\r consi/5cy (  
"*8 ,true1 true4 ,& :at mu/ we ?9k ( y\r
 self-righte\sness1 :5 we "k y\r        
*ur*-memb]s ord] ! sale ( slaves1--yes1 
slaves su* z ,/4 ,clair's1--& "u        
circum/ances involv+ all ! sep>ations & 
all ! loa?some ?+s y s m\rnfully        
deplore8 ,y\r ,mrs4 ,/[e says s1 & x is 

s1 )\t h] te/imony4 ,i h read t spl5did1
 bad book4 ,spl5did 9 its g5ius1 ov] :i*
 ,i h wept1 & laugh$1 & got mad1 7"h "s 
"o said1 ,all at ! same "t87 yes--all at
 ! same "t4 ,bad 9 its !ology1 bad 9 its
 morality1 bad 9 its tempor>y evil      
influ5ce "h 9 ! ,nor?1 9 ,engl&1 & on ! 
cont95t ( ,europe2 bad1 because h]      
isolat$ cruelties w be tak5 7:e!r s     
meant by h] or n7 z ! g5]al condition ( 
,s\!rn life1--:ile h] ,%elbys1 & ,/4    
,clairs1 & ,evas1 w be look$ ^u z       
angel-visitors1 l+]+ = a mom5t 9 t e>?ly
 hell4 ,! impression made by ! book is a
 falsehood4  ,sir1 :y d y\r ,nor!rn     
*ur*-memb]s & philan?ropi/s buy ,s\!rn  
products at all8 ,y "k y are pur*as+    
cotton1 rice1 sug>1 spr9kl$ ) blood1    
lit]ally1 y say1 f ! la% ( ! driv]6 ,:y 
d y buy8 ,:at's ! diff]5ce betwe5 my    
fil*+ ?is blood-/a9$ cotton f ! outrag$ 
negro1 & y\r /&+ by1 tak+ x f me8 ,:at's
 ! diff]5ce8 ,y1 y\rselves1 say1 9 y\r  
ab/ractions1 !re is no diff]5ce2 & yet y
 daily /a9 y\r h&s 9 ?is horrid traffic4

 ,y hate ! traitor1 b y love ! treason4 
,y\r ladies1 too1--oh1 h[ !y %un !      
slave-own] at a di/ance1 9 ! ab/ract6 ,b
 alas1 :5 !y see him 9 ! concrete1--:5  
!y see ! slave-own] himself1 /&+ be=e   
!m1--n ! brutal driv]1 b ! spl5did      
g5tleman1 ) 8 unmi/akable grace (       
c>riage & ease ( mann]s1--:y1 lo1 behold
 ! lady says1 ,oh1 fie on y\r           
slav]y6--:at a wret* y are6 ,b1 inde$1  
sir1 ,i love y\r sug>1--& truly1 truly1 
sir1 wret* z y are1 ,i love y too4 ,y\r 
g5tlem5 talk j ! same way :5 !y behold  
our mat*less wom54 ,& well = u all x is1
 t y\r good ta/e1 & he>ts1 c ?us        
appreciate our g5ius1 & accompli%m5ts1 &
 fasc9ations1 & lovel9ess1 & sug>1 &    
cotton4 ,:y1 sir1 ,i he>d ?is morn+1 f  
"o pa/or only1 ( two or ?ree ( 8 memb]s 
?us int]m>ri$ 9 ! ,s\?4 ,may ,i ?us give
 ! milde/ rebuke to y\r inconsi/5cy (   
conduct8 7,mu* good-natur$ excitem5t47  
,sir1 may we "k :o are ! desc5dants ( ! 
,new ,engl& kidnapp]s8 ,:at is _! weal?8
 ,:y1 "h y are1 all ar\nd me4 ,y1       

g5tlem51 made ! be/ ( t b>ga94 ,& y h   
kept e doll> ( y\r money f ! *>ity (    
emancipat+ ! slave4 ,y h left u1 unaid$1
 to give millions4 ,w y n[ come to our  
help8 ,w y give doll> = doll> to        
equalize our loss8 ,"h _m voices cri$   
out1 ,yes1 yes1 we w4  ,yes1 yes8 ,!n   
p\r out y\r millions4 ,good4 ,i may ?ank
 y p]sonally4 ,my own emancipat$ slaves 
w\ld to-day be wor? greatly m ?an       
#bj1jjj4 ,w y give me back #aj1jjj8     
,good4 ,i ne$ x n[4  ,i recomm5d to y1  
sirs1 to f9d out y\r advocates (        
murd]1--y\r own]s ( /ock 9 "u-gr\nd     
railroads1--y\r ,sabba?-break]s = money4
 ,i p>ticul>ly urge y to f9d ,legree1 :o
 :ipp$ ,uncle ,tom to dea?4 ,he is a    
,nor!rn g5tleman1 al?\gh hav+ a some:at 
,s\!rn "n4 ,n[1 sir1 y "k ! ,assembly 0 
emb>rass$ all ye/]day by ! inquiry h[ ! 
,nor!rn *ur*es may f9d _! abs5t memb]s1 
& :at to d ) !m4 ,"h !n1 sir1 is a *ance
 = y4 ,s5d a committee up ,r$ ,riv]4 ,y 
may f9d ,legree to be a ,g>rison1       
,phillips1 ,smi?1 or runaway husb& f "s 

,abby ,kelly4 ,"h ,rev4 ,mr4 ,smi?      
prote/$ aga9/ ,legree be+ prov$ to be a 
,smi?4 ,great laught]4 ,footnote3 ,?is  
g5tleman 0 soon aft] made a ,d4,d41 & ,i
 ?9k 9 "p = t witticism4 ,i move t y br+
 him back to lecture on ! cut5ess !re is
 9 leav+ a ,nor!rn *ur*1 go+ ,s\?1 *ang+
 8 "n1 buy+ slaves1 & calculat+1 )\t    
guess+1 :at ! pr(it is ( kill+ a negro )
 inhuman labor above ! ga9 ( treat+ him 
) k9dness4  ,i h little to say (        
_s-rapp]s1 wom5's-rights conv5tioni/s1  
,bloom]s1 cruel husb&s1 or h5-peck$4 ,b1
 if we may believe y\r own s]i\s z well 
z c>icature writ]s1 y h ?+s up "h ( :i* 
we d[n ,s\? "k v little inde$4 ,sir1 we 
h no "y ,bloom]s1 ) hat to "o side1 cig>
 9 m\?1 & cane tapp+ ! boot1 /rid+ up to
 a m9c+ "y g5tleman ) long curls1       
att5uat$ wai/1 & s(t velvet face1--!    
boy-lady to say1 ,may ,i see y home1    
sir8 & ! lady-boy to reply1 ,i ?ank     
ye--no2 pa w s5d ! c>riage4 ,sir1 we ( !
 ,s\? don't und]/& y\r wom5's-rights    
conv5tions4 ,wom5 h _! wrongs4 ,! ,song 

( ! ,%irt1--,*>lotte ,elizabe?1--_m1 _m 
laws1--tell h] wrongs4 ,b y\r conv5tion 
ladies despise ! ,bible4 ,yes1 sir2 & we
 ( ! ,s\? are afraid ( !m1 & = y4 ,:5   
wom5 despise ! ,bible1 :at next8        
,p>is1--!n ! ,city ( ! ,great ,salt     
,lake1--!n ,sodom1 be=e & aft] ! ,dead  
,sea4 ,oh1 sir1 if slav]y t5ds 9 any way
 to give ! hon\r ( *ivalry to ,s\!rn "y 
g5tlem5 t[>ds ladies1 & ! exquisite     
delicacy & heav5ly integrity & love to  
,s\!rn maid & matron1 x has !n a glori\s
 bless+ ) its curse4  ,sir1 y\r         
inquisitorial committee1 & ! ,nor? s f> 
z repres5t$ by !m1 7a small fraction1 ,i
 "k17 h1 ,i take x1 caught a ,t>t> ?is  
"t4 ,boys say ) u1 & ev]y:]e1 ,i reckon1
 ,y worry my dog1 & ,i'll worry y\r cat4
 ,sir1 x is j simply a fix$ fact3 ! ,s\?
 w n submit to ^! que/ions4 ,no1 n = an 
in/ant4 ,we w n p]mit y to approa* u at 
all4 ,if we are morbidly s5sitive1 y h  
made u s4 ,b y are directly & grossly   
violat+ ! ,con/itution ( ! ,presbyt]ian 
,*ur*4 ,! book =bids y to put su*       

que/ions2 ! book =bids y to beg9        
discipl9e2 ! book =bids y\r s5d+ ?is    
committee to help common fame be>       
te/imony aga9/ u2 ! book gu>ds ! hon\r (
 our humble/ memb]1 m9i/]1 *ur*1        
presbyt]y1 aga9/ all ?is                
imp]t95tly-inquisitorial action4 ,h y a 
prosecutor1 ) 8 def9ite *>ge &          
witnesses8 ,h y ,common ,fame1 ) h]     
specifi$ *>ges & witnesses8 ,h y a      
reque/ f ! ,s\? t y s5d a committee to  
inquire into sl&]s8 ,no4 ,!n h&s (f4 ,z 
g5tlem5 y may ask u ^! que/ions1--we w  
answ] y4 ,b1 ecclesia/ically1 y _c speak
 9 ?is matt]4 ,y h no p[] to move z y   
propose4  ,i beg leave to say1 j "h1 t  
,t5nessee ,footnote3 ,at t "t ,i resid$ 
9 ,t5nessee4 w be m calm "u ?is movem5t 
?an any o!r slave-region4 ,t5nessee has 
be5 ev] high above ! /orm1 ,nor? &      
,s\?1--especially we ( ! m\nta9s4       
,t5nessee6--!re %e is1--look at         
h]1--b9d+ ?is ,union toge!r l a great1  
long1 broad1 deep /one1--m spl5did ?an  
all 9 ! temple ( ,baalbec or ,solomon4  

,t5nessee6--!re %e is1 9 h] calm val\r4 
,i w n l[] h] by call+ h] unconqu]able1 
= %e has nev] be5 assail$2 b ,i call h] 
ev]-victori\s4 ,k+'s ,m\nta91--h] pione]
 battles3--,talladega1 ,emucfau1        
,horse-%oe1 ,new ,orleans1 ,san ,jac9to1
 ,mont]ey1 ! ,valley ( ,mexico4 ,jackson
 repres5t$ h] well 9 8 *ivalry f ,s\?   
,c>ol9a1--8 fi]y c\rage f ,virg9ia &    
,k5tucky1--all temp]$ by ,scot*-,iri%   
,presbyt]ian prud5ce f ,t5nessee4 ,we1 9
 8 _s1 h look$ on ?is /orm = ye>s       
untr\bl$4 ,yes1 ,jackson's old bones    
rattl$ 9 _! grave :5 t infam\s disunion 
conv5tion met 9 ,na%ville1 & its memb]s 
turn$ pale & fl$ agha/4 ,yes1 ,t5nessee1
 9 h] mighty million1 feels secure2 &1 9
 h] p]fect prep>ation to discuss ?is "q1
 politically1 ecclesia/ically1 morally1 
metaphysically1 or physically1 ) !      
extreme ,nor? or ,s\?1 %e is will+ &    
able to p]suade o!rs to be calm4 ,9 ?is 
connection1 ,i wi% to say1 = ! ,s\? to !
 ,nor?1 & to ! _w1 t we h no fe>s f our 
slave-population4 ,!re might be a       

mom5t>y insurrection & blood%$2 b       
de/ruction to ! black man w\ld be       
inevitable4 ,! ,greeks & ,romans        
controll$ imm5se masses ( :ite          
slaves1--_m ( !m z intellig5t z _!      
lords4 ,s*oolma/]s1 fabuli/s1 & poets 7 
slaves4 ,a!ns1 ) h] ?irty ?\s& freem51  
gov]n$ half a million ( bondm54 ,s+le   
,roman patricians own$ ?irty ?\s&4 ,if1 
!n1 ! phalanx & ! legion ma/]$ su*      
slaves = ages1 :5 battle 0 physical =ce 
( man to man1 h[ c]ta9 x is t infantry1 
cavalry1 & artill]y c\ld hold 9 bondage 
millions ( ,africans = a ?\s& ye>s6  ,b1
 de> bre?r51 our ,s\!rn philan?ropi/s d 
n seek to h ?is un5d+ bondage2 ,oh1 no1 
no4 ,& ,i e>ne/ly entreat y to /& /ill &
 see ! salvation ( ! ,"l4 ,assume a     
ma/]ly inactivity1 & y w behold all y   
desire & pray =1--y w see ,am]ica       
lib]at$ f ! curse ( slav]y4  ,! great "q
 ( ! _w is1 ,,:at ,,is ,,to ,,be ,,!    
,,future ,,( ,,! ,,am]ican              
,,slave8--,,:at ,,is ,,to ,,be ,,!      
,,future ,,( ,,! ,,am]ican ,,ma/]8 ,!   

foll[+ extract f ! ,*>le/on ,m]cury     
gives my view ( ! subject ) great &     
cond5s$ p>ticul>ity3--  ,m>ri$1         
,?ursday1 #bf? in/41 ! ,hon4 ,cu%+      
,kewang1 ,secret>y ( ,/ate ( ! ,unit$   
,/ates1 to ,laura1 daught] ( ,paul      
,coligny1 ,vice-,presid5t ( ! ,unit$    
,/ates1 & "o ( our noble/ ,hugu5ot      
families4 ,we le>n t ?is di/+ui%$       
g5tleman1 ) 8 bride1 w visit 8 fa!r1 !  
,emp]or ( ,*9a1 at 8 summ] palace1 9    
,t>t>y1 nor? ( ,pek91 & return to !     
,vice-,presid5t's ,tea ,pavilion1 on    
,coop] ,riv]1 ere ! meet+ ( ,congress4  
,! editor ( ! ,m]cury goes on to say3   
,?is m>riage 9 high life is only "o ( _m
 :i* h signaliz$ t imm5se emigration f  
,*ri/ianiz$ ,*9a dur+ ! la/ sev5ty-five 
ye>s1 :]eby ,*>le/on has a population ( 
#a1bej1jjj1 & ! ,/ate ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a ov]
 #e1jjj1jjj1--;an emigration :i* has    
wond]fully h>moniz$ ) ! great exodus ( !
 negro race to ,africa4 ,"s g5tleman "h 
reque/$ to "k ( ,dr4 ,ross ! date ( !   
,*>le/on ,m]cury record+ ?is m>riage4 ,!

 doctor repli$1 ,! date is #bg? ,may1   
#aiec1 exactly "o hundr$ ye>s f ?is day4
 ,great laught]4  ,sir1 ?is is a dream2 
b x is n all a dream4 ,no1 ,i v]ily     
believe y h !re ! ,gordian knot ( slav]y
 unti$2 y h !re ! solution ( ! problem2 
y h !re ! curta9 up1 & ! la/ sc5e 9 !   
la/ act ( ! great drama ( ,ham4  ,i am  
satisfi$ ) ! t5d5cies ( ?+s4 ,i /& on ! 
m\nta9-peak above ! cl\ds4 ,i see1 f>   
beyond ! /orm1 ! calm sea & blue sky2 ,i
 see ! ,canaan ( ! ,african4 ,i l to /& 
!re on ! ,nebo ( 8 exodus1 & look       
across1 n ! ,jordan1 b ! ,atlantic4 ,i  
see ! ,african cross+ z c]ta9ly z if ,i 
gaz$ ^u ! ocean divid$ by a great w9d1 &
 pil$ up 9 walls ( gre5 glitt]+ glass on
 ei!r h&1 ! dry gr\nd1 ! m>*+ ho/1 & !  
pill> ( cl\d & ( fire4 ,i look ov] ^u ! 
,nig]1 black ) dea? to ! :ite man1      
in/9ct ) life to ! *ildr5 ( ,ham4 ,!re  
is ! black man's home4 ,oh1 h[ /range t 
y ( ! ,nor? see n h[ y degrade him :5 y 
keep him "h6 ,y w n let him vote2 y w n 
let him rise to honors or social        

equality2 y w n let him hold a pew 9 y\r
 *ur*es4 ,s5d him away1 !n2 tell him1   
begone4 ,be urg5t1 l ! ,egyptians3 s5d  
him out ( ?is l&4 ,!re1 9 8 fa!rl&1 he w
 exhibit 8 own type ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,he  
is1 ( all races1 ! mo/ g5tle & k9d4 ,!  
man1 ! mo/ submissive2 ! woman1 ! mo/   
affectionate4 ,:at o!r slaves w\ld love 
_! ma/]s bett] ?an !mselves8--rock !m & 
fan !m 9 _! cradles8 c>ess !m--h[       
t5d]ly6--boys & girls8 honor !m1 gr[n   
up1 z sup]ior be+s8 &1 9 ?\s&s (        
illu/ri\s in/ances1 be will+ to give    
life1 &1 9 fact1 die1 to s]ve or save   
!m8 ,v]ily1 v]ily1 ?is emancipat$ race  
may reveal ! mo/ amiable =m ( spiritual 
life1 & ! jewel may glitt] on ! ,e?iop's
 br[ 9 mean+ m sublime ?an all 9 !      
poet's imag]y4 ,bre?r51 let !m g2 &1 :5 
!y are gone1--ay1 be=e !y g away1--re> a
 monum5t2 let x gr[ 9 greatness1 if n on
 y\r highe/ m\nta91 9 y\r he>ts1--9 la/+
 memory ( ! ,s\?1--9 memory ( y\r wrong 
to ! ,s\?1--9 memory ( ! self-d5ial ( ! 
,s\?1 & h] philan?ropy 9 tra9+ ! slave  

to be free1 enlight5$1 & ,*ri/ian4  ,c  
all ?is be8 ,c ?is d\ble emigration     
civilize ,africa & m ?an re-p ! ,s\?8   
,yes2 & ,i reg>d ! difficulties pres5t$ 
"h1 9 ,congress1 or ! c\ntry1 z little  
wor?4 ,god int5ds bo? emigrations4 ,&1  
)\t miracle1 he w accompli% bo?4        
,difficulties6 ,!re are no difficulties4
 ,half a million emigrate to our %ores1 
f ,irel&1 & all ,europe1 e ye>4 ,& y    
gravely talk ( difficulties 9 ! negro's 
way to ,africa6 ,v]ily1 ,god w unfold _!
 de/9y z fa/1 & z fully1 z he sees be/ =
 ! highe/ good ( ! slave1 ! highe/ good 
( ! ma/]1 & ! glory ( ,*ri/ 9 ,africa4  
,&1 sir1 !re are =ty ?\s& ,*9ese 9      
,cali=nia4 ,& 9 ,cuba1 ?is day1 ,am]ican
 g5tlem5 are cultivat+ sug>1 ) ,*9ese   
hir$ labor1 m pr(itably ?an ! ,spani>ds 
& _! slaves4 ,oh6 !re is ,*9a--half !   
population ( ! globe--j front+ u across 
t peaceful sea1--h] poor1 liv+ on rats &
 a pittance ( r$ rice1--h] ri*1 ho>d+   
millions 9 s5seless idolatry1 or indulg+
 9 ! luxuries ( birds'-ne/s & roa/$ ice4

 ,mass$ toge!r1 !y mu/ migrate4 ,:]e c  
!y g8 ,!y mu/ come to our %ores4 ,!y mu/
 come1 ev5 did ,god =bid !m4 ,b he w    
ha/5 _! com+4 ,!y c live 9 ! extreme/   
,s\?4 ,x is _! latitude1--_! side ( !   
ocean4 ,!y c cultivate cotton1 rice1    
sug>1 tea1 & ! silkworm4 ,_! skill1 _!  
manipulation1 is unrivall$4 ,_! commone/
 gong y c nei!r make nor expla94 ,!y are
 a law-abid+ p1 )\t ca/es1 accu/om$ to  
rise by m]it to highe/ di/9ctions1 &    
capable ( ! noble/ tra9+1 :5 _!         
idolatry1 :i* is wax+ old z a g>m5t1    
%all be fold$ up z a ve/ure & *ang$ = t 
^: ye>s %all n fail4 ,! ,engli%         
ambassador assures u t ! ,*9ese         
negotiator ( ! late treaty 0 a spl5did  
g5tleman1 & a diplomati/ to move 9 any  
c\rt ( ,europe4 ,%em1 !n1 c m+le )      
,japhe? 9 ,am]ica4  ,! ,*9ese mu/ come4 
,god w br+ !m4 ,he w fulfil ,b5ton's    
noble ?\ght4 ,! railroad mu/ complete ! 
voyage ( ,columbus4 ,! /atue ( !        
,g5oese1 on "s peak ( ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s1
 high above ! fly+ c>s1 mu/ po9t to !   

,we/1 say+1 ,!re is ! ,ea/6 ,!re is     
,india & ,ca?ay4  ,let u1 !n1 ,nor? &   
,s\?1 br+ our m9ds to compreh5d two     
ideas1 & submit to _! irresi/ible p[]4  
,let ! ,nor!rn philan?ropi/ le>n f !    
,bible t ! relation ( ma/] & slave is n 
s9 p] se4 ,let him le>n t ,god n[h]e    
says x is s94 ,let him le>n t s9 is !   
transgression ( ! law2 & :]e !re is no  
law1 !re is no s92 & t ! gold5 rule may 
exi/ 9 ! relations ( slav]y4 ,let him   
le>n t slav]y is simply an evil 9 c]ta9 
circum/ances4 ,let him le>n t equality  
is only ! highe/ =m ( social life2 t    
subjection to au?ority1 ev5 slav]y1 may1
 9 giv5 conditions1 be = a "t bett] ?an 
fre$om to ! slave1 ( any complexion4    
,let him le>n t slav]y1 l all evils1 has
 its correspond+ & great] good2 t !     
,s\!rn slave1 ?\gh degrad$ comp>$ ) 8   
ma/]1 is elevat$ & ennobl$ comp>$ ) 8   
bre?r5 9 ,africa4 ,let ! ,nor!rn man    
le>n ^! ?+s1 & be wise to cultivate ! _s
 t w h>monize ) 8 bre?r5 ( ! ,s\?1 :o   
are lov]s ( lib]ty z truly z himself4 ,&

 let ! ,s\!rn ,*ri/ian--nay1 ! ,s\!rn   
man ( e grade--compreh5d t ,god nev]    
int5d$ ! relation ( ma/] & slave to be  
p]petual4 ,let him give up ! !ory (     
,voltaire1 t ! negro is ( a diff]5t     
species4 ,let him yield !               
semi-infidelity ( ,agassiz1 t ,god      
creat$ diff]5t races ( ! same species--9
 sw>ms1 l bees--= ,asia1 ,europe1       
,am]ica1 ,africa1 & ! isl&s ( ! sea4    
,let him believe t slav]y1 al?\gh n a   
s91 is a degrad$ condition1--! evil1 !  
curse on ! ,s\?1--yet hav+ bless+s 9 its
 "t to ! ,s\? & to ! ,union4 ,let him "k
 t slav]y is to pass away1 9 ! fulness (
 ,provid5ce4 ,let ! ,s\? believe ?is1 & 
prep>e to obey ! h& t moves _! de/9y4   
,ham w be ev] l[] ?an ,%em2 ,%em w be   
ev] l[] ?an ,japhe?4 ,all w rise 9 !    
,*ri/ian gr&eur to be reveal$4 ,ham w be
 l[] ?an ,%em1 because he 0 s5t to      
,c5tral ,africa4 ,man s\? ( !           
,equator--9 ,asia1 ,au/ralia1 ,oceanica1
 ,am]ica1 especially ,africa--is inf]ior
 to 8 ,nor!rn bro!r4 ,! bless+ 0 ^u ,%em

 9 8 magnific5t ,asia4 ,! great] bless+ 
0 ^u ,japhe? 9 8 man-develop+ ,europe4  
,bo? bless+s w be comb9$1 9 ,am]ica1    
nor? ( ! ,zone1 9 comm+l$ light & life4 
,i see x all 9 ! fir/ symbolical alt> ( 
,noah on t m\nd at ! base ( ,ar>at4 ,!  
fa!r ( all liv+ m5 b[s be=e ! inc5se (  
sacrifice1 /ream+ up & m+l+ ) ! rays ( !
 ris+ sun4 ,8 noble family1 & all fle%  
sav$1 are gr\p$ r\nd ab\t him4 ,!re is  
,ham1 at ! foot ( ! gre5 hillock1 /&+1 9
 8 ant$iluvian1 raki% recklessness1 ne> 
! long-neck$ giraffe1 type ( 8          
,africa1--8 magnific5t wife1 seat$ on ! 
grass1 h] little feet ne/l+ 9 ! tame    
lion's mane1 h] long black hair fl[+ ov]
 crimson drap]y & cov]$ ) gems f m9es   
be=e ! flood4 ,high] up is ,%em1 lean+ 8
 arm ov] t m\se-color$ horse1--8 ,arab  
/e$4 ,8 wife1 9 pure :ite l951 fe$s !   
elephant1 & plays ) 8 li! proboscis1--! 
"m ( ,t]ah1 ,abraham1 ,isaac1 ,jacob1   
,joseph1 ,david1 & ,*ri/4 ,& yet %e     
looks up1 & b[s 9 mild humility1 to h] (
 ,japhe?1 seat$ amid plum$ birds1 9     

robes l ! sky4 ,h] noble "l1 mean:ile1  
high above all1 /&s1 ) fold$ arms1      
foll[+ t eagle :i* :eels up t[>ds       
,ar>at1 display+ 8 brea/ glitt]+ ) />s &
 /ripes ( sc>let & silv]1--radiant      
h]aldry1 trac$ by ! h& ( ,god4 ,n[ he   
purifies 8 eye 9 ! sun1 & n[ he spreads 
8 broad w+s 9 symbolic flight to ! ,we/1
 until lo/ to ! prophetic eye ( ,japhe?1
 "u ! b[ ( spl5dors set t day 9 ! cl\d4 
,god's cov5ant ) man1--oh1 may ! b[ (   
cov5ant betwe5 u be "h to-day1 t ! wat]s
 ( ?is flood %all nev] aga9 ?reat5 our  
belov$ l&6     ,spee* ,deliv]$ 9 !      
,g5]al ,assembly ,new ,york1 #ahef4     
,! circum/ances1 "u :i* ?is spee* 0     
deliv]$1 are suffici5tly %[n 9 ! /atem5t
 bel[4  ,x 0 n a ha/y production4 ,aft] 
be+ spok51 x 0 prep>$ = ! ,j\rnal (     
,comm]ce1 ) ! greate/ c>e ,i c\ld give  
to x3 mo/ ( x 0 writt5 aga9 & aga94     
,unlike ,pascal1 :o said1 z to 8 longe/ 
& inf]ior sixte5? lett]1 t he _h n _h "t
 to make x %ort]1 ,i _h "t2 & ,i did    
cond5se 9 t "o spee* ! matur$           

reflections ( my :ole life4 ,i am calmly
 satisfi$ ,i am "r4 ,i am sure ,god has 
said1 & does say1 ,well done4  ,! spee* 
br+s to view a wide range ( ?\ght1 all  
belong+ to ! subject ( slav]y1 ( imm5se 
importance4 ,z introductory1--!re is !  
"q ( ! abolition agitation ! la/ ?irty  
ye>s2 !n1 :at is "r & wrong1 & !        
f\ndation ( moral obligation2 !n1 !     
def9ition ( s92 next1 ! orig9 ( human   
gov]nm5t1 & ! relations1 9 :i* ,god has 
plac$ m5 "u 8 rule ( subjection2 f9ally1
 ! ^w ( ,god is br\ght to su/a9 all !   
positions tak54  ,! *all5ge to argue !  
"q ( slav]y f ! ,bible 0 ?r[n d[n on !  
floor ( ! ,assembly1 z /at$4 ,pres5tly  
,i took up ! gauntlet1 & made ?is       
argum5t4 ,! *all5g] nev] claim$ 8 glove1
 !n nor s9ce2 nor has anybody1 s f> z ,i
 "k1 attempt$ to refute ?is spee*4 ,no?+
 has come to my e>s 7save z to two      
po9ts1 to be notic$ h]eaft]7 b reckless1
 bold d5ial ( ,god's tru?1 infidel      
affirmation )\t attempt at pro(1 &      
d5unciations ( myself4  ,dr4 ,wisn] hav+

 said t he w\ld argue ! "q on ! ,bible  
at a foll[+ "t1 ,dr4 ,ross rose1 :5 he  
took 8 seat1 &1 tak+ 8 position on !    
plat=m ne> ! ,mod]ator's *air1 said1--  
,i accept ! *all5ge giv5 by ,dr4 ,wisn]1
 to argue ! "q ( slav]y f ! ,scriptures4
  ,dr4 ,wisn]4--,does ! bro!r propose to
 g into x "h8  ,dr4 ,ross4--,yes1 sir4  
,dr4 ,wisn]4--,well1 ,i did n propose to
 g into x "h4  ,dr4 ,ross4--,y gave !   
*all5ge1 & ,i accept x4  ,dr4           
,wisn]4--,i said ,i w\ld argue x at a   
prop] "t2 b x is no matt]4 ,g ahead4    
,dr4 ,beman hop$ ! discussion w\ld be   
rul$ out4 ,he did n ?9k x a legitimate  
subject to g into1--,moses & ! prophets1
 ,*ri/ & 8 apo/les1 & all int]m$iate    
au?orities1 on ! subject ( :at ! ,g5]al 
,assembly ( ! ,presbyt]ian ,*ur* 9      
,am]ica _h done4  ,judge ,jessup        
consid]$ ! "q _h be5 op5$ by ?is report 
( ! majority3 aft] :i* ,dr4 ,beman )drew
 8 objection1 & ,dr4 ,ross proce$$4  ,i 
am n a slave-hold]4 ,nay1 ,i h %[n "s   
self-d5ial 9 t matt]4 ,i emancipat$     

slaves ^: money-value w\ld n[ be        
#dj1jjj4 ,9 ! provid5ce ( ,god1 my ri*es
 h entirely pass$ f me4 ,i d n mean t1 l
 ! wid[1 ,i gave all ! liv+ ,i _h4 ,my  
e/ate 0 !n great] ?an t slave-prop]ty4  
,i m]ely wi% to %[ ,i h no selfi% motive
 9 giv+1 z ,i %all1 ! true ,s\!rn def5ce
 ( slav]y4 7,applause47 ,i speak f      
,huntsville1 ,alabama1 my pres5t home4  
,t gem ( ! ,s\?1 t beautiful city :]e ! 
m\nta9 s(t5s into ! vale1--:]e ! wat]   
gu%es1 a great f\nta91 f ! rock1--:]e   
ar\nd t liv+ /ream !re are /reets (     
roses1 & h\ses ( intellig5ce &          
gracefulness & g5tle/ hospitality1--&1  
)al1 :]e s high honor is ev] giv5 to !  
m9i/]s ( ,god4  ,speak+ !n f t region   
:]e ,cotton is k+1 ,i affirm1 contr>y z 
my op9ion is to t mo/ common 9 ! ,s\?1 t
 ! slav]y agitation has accompli%$ & w d
 great good4 ,i said s1 to m9i/]ial &   
political fri5ds1 tw5ty-five ye>s ago4  
,i h always favor$ ! agitation1--j z ,i 
h always c\nt5anc$ discussion ^u all    
subjects4 ,i felt t ! slav]y "q ne$$    

exam9ation4 ,i believ$ x 0 n und]/ood 9 
its relations to ! ,bible & human       
lib]ty4 ,sir1 ! light is spread+ ,nor? &
 ,s\?4 ',tis said1 ,i "k1 ?is agitation 
has increas$ ! sev]ity ( slav]y4 ,true1 
b = a mom5t only1 9 ! days ( ! ye>s ( ! 
life ( ?is noble problem4 ,f>m]s tell u 
t deep pl\gh+ 9 poor gr\nd w1 = a ye> or
 two1 give y a worse crop ?an be=e y w5t
 s deep2 b t t deep pl\gh+ w turn up !  
"u-soil1 & sun & air & ra9 w give y     
h>ve/s increas+ly ri*4 ,s1 ?is moral    
soil1 ,nor? & ,s\?1 0 unproductive4 ,x  
ne$$ deep pl\gh+4 ,= a "t ! h>ve/ 0     
worse4 ,n[ x is becom+ m & m abundant4  
,! political controv]sy1 h[ev] fi]ce &  
?reat5+1 is only = p[]4 ,b ! moral      
agitation is = ! h>mony ( ! ,nor!rn &   
,s\!rn m9d1 9 ! "r int]pretations (     
,scripture on ?is great subject1 &1 (   
c\rse1 = ! ultimate union ( ! he>ts (   
all s5sible p1 to fulfil ,god's         
int5tion1--to bless ! :ite man & ! black
 man 9 ,am]ica4 ,i am sure ( ?is4 ,i    
take a wide view ( ! progress ( ! de/9y 

( ?is va/ empire4 ,i see ,god 9 ,am]ica4
 ,i see him 9 ! ,nor? & 9 ! ,s\?4 ,i see
 him m honor$ 9 ! ,s\? to-day ?an he 0  
tw5ty-five ye>s ago2 & t t high] reg>d  
is due1 ma9ly1 to ! agitation ( ! slav]y
 "q4 ,d y ask h[8 ,:y1 sir1 ?is is ! h[4
 ,tw5ty-five ye>s ago ! religi\s m9d ( !
 ,s\? 0 leav5$ by wrong ,nor!rn tra9+1  
on ! great po9t ( ! "r & wrong ( slav]y4
 ,mean:ile1 p[]ful intellects 9 ! ,s\?1 
foll[+ ! m]e light ( a heal?y good s5se1
 guid$ by ! common grace ( ,god1 rea*$ !
 v tru? ( ?is great matt]1--namely1 t ! 
relation ( ! ma/] & slave is n s92 & t1 
not)/&+ its admitt$ evils1 x is a       
connection betwe5 ! highe/ & ! l[e/     
races ( man1 reveal+ influ5ces :i* may  
be1 & w be1 mo/ b5evol5t = ! ultimate   
good ( ! ma/] & ! slave1--cons]vative on
 ! ,union1 by pres]v+ ! ,s\? f all =ms (
 ,nor!rn fanaticism1 & !reby be+ a great
 balance-:eel 9 ! work+ ( ! trem5d\s    
ma*9]y ( our exp]im5t ( self-gov]nm5t4  
,?is se5 result ( slav]y 0 f\nd to be 9 
absolute h>mony ) ! ^w ( ,god4 ,^! m51  

!n1 ( highe/ grade ( ?\ght1 :o _h turn$ 
9 scorn f ,nor!rn notions1 n[ see1 9 !  
,bible1 t ^! notions are false & silly4 
,!y n[ read ! ,bible1 nev] exam9$ be=e1 
) gr[+ respect4 ,god is honor$1 & 8     
glory w be m & m 9 _! salvation4 ,^! are
 "s ( ! moral consummations ( ?is       
agitation 9 ! ,s\?4 ,! developm5t has   
be5 tw(old 9 ! ,nor?4 ,on ! "o h&1 "s   
anti-slav]y m5 h left ! light ( !       
,bible1 & w&]$ into ! d>kness until !y h
 rea*$ ! blackness ( ! d>kness (        
infidelity4 ,o!r "s are foll[+ h>d aft]1
 & are ?r[+ ! ,bible into !             
furnace1--are melt+ x into iron1 & =g+  
x1 & weld+ x1 & twi/+ x1 & groov+ x into
 ! %ape & significance & goodness &     
gospel ( ,%>pe's rifles4 ,sir1 are y n  
afraid t "s ( y\r once be/ m5 w soon h  
no bett] ,bible ?an t8  ,b1 on ! o!r h&1
 _m ( y\r brighte/ m9ds are look+       
int5sely at ! subject1 9 ! same light 9 
:i* x is /udi$ by ! highe/ ,s\!rn       
reason4 ,ay1 sir1 "m-,engl&1 old fogy z 
%e is1 beg9s to op5 h] eyes4 ,:at1 !n1  

is our ga98 ,sir1 ,uncle ,tom's ,cab91 9
 _m ( its conceptions1 c\ld n h be5     
writt5 tw5ty-five ye>s ago4 ,t book (   
g5ius1--ov] :i* ,i & hundr$s 9 ! _w h   
freely wept1--true 9 all its facts1     
false 9 all its impressions1--yea1 z    
false 9 ! prejudice x creates to ,s\!rn 
social life z if ,web/]1 ! murd]] (     
,p>kman1 may be believ$ to be a         
p]sonification ( ! elite ( honor 9      
,cambridge1 ,bo/on1 & ,new ,engl&4      
,nev]!less1 ,uncle ,tom's ,cab9 c\ld n h
 be5 writt5 tw5ty-five ye>s ago4 ,dr4   
,nehemiah ,adams's ,s\?-,side ,view c\ld
 n h be5 writt5 tw5ty-five ye>s ago4    
,nor ,dr4 ,na?an ,"l's ,lett] (         
,inquiry4 ,nor ,miss ,murray's book4    
,nor ,cotton is ,k+4 ,nor ,bl$soe's     
,lib]ty & ,slav]y4 ,^! books1 writt5 9 !
 mid/ ( ?is agitation1 are all ( high1  
"s ! highe/1 rea* ( tal5t & noble/      
piety2 all give1 ) increas+ confid5ce1 !
 pres5t ,s\!rn ,bible read+ on ,slav]y4 
,may ! agitation1 !n1 g on6 ,i "k ! ,new
 ,s*ool ,presbyt]ian *ur* has su/a9$ "s 

tempor>y injury4 ,b ,god is honor$ 9 8  
^w4 ,! reaction1 :5 ! fir/              
abolition-movem5t comm5c$1 has be5      
succe$$ by ! sob] second ?\ght ( ! ,s\?4
 ,! sun1 /ay$1 is aga9 travell+ 9 !     
greatness ( 8 /r5g?1 & w %9e bright] &  
bright] to ! p]fect day4  ,my only fe>1 
,mr4 ,mod]ator1 is t1 z y ,nor!rn p are 
s prone to g to extremes 9 y\r zeal &   
run e ?+ into ! gr\nd1 y may1 p]haps1   
become too pro-slav]y2 & t we may h to  
take measures aga9/ y\r covet+1 ov] mu*1
 our daught]s1 if n our wives1 our      
m5-s]vants1 our maid-s]vants1 our h\ses1
 & our l&s4 7,laught]47  ,sir1 ,i come  
n[ to ! ,bible argum5t4 ,i beg9 at !    
beg9n+ ( et]nity6 7,laught]47 ,,:at is  
,,"r ,,& ,,wrong8 ,t's ! "q ( que/ions4 
,two !ories h obta9$ 9 ! _w4 ,! "o is1 t
 "r & wrong are et]nal facts2 t !y exi/ 
p] se 9 ! nature ( ?+s2 t !y are        
ultimate tru?s above ,god2 t he mu/     
/udy1 & does /udy1 to "k !m1 z really z 
man4 ,& t he compreh5ds !m m cle>ly ?an 
man1 only because he is a bett] /ud5t   

?an man4 ,n[1 sir1 ?is !ory is a!ism4 ,=
 if "r & wrong are l ma!matical         
tru?s--fix$ facts--!n ,i may f9d !m out1
 z ,i f9d out ma!matical tru?s1 )\t     
in/ruction f ,god4 ,i d n ask ,god to   
tell me t "o & "o make two4 ,i d n ask  
him to reveal to me ! demon/rations (   
,euclid4 ,i ?ank him = ! m9d to p]ceive4
 ,b ,i p]ceive ma!matical relations )\t 
8 tell+ me1 because !y exi/ indep5d5t ( 
8 w4 ,if1 !n1 moral tru?s1 if "r &      
wrong1 if rectitude & s91 are1 9 l      
mann]1 fix$1 et]nal facts1--if !y are   
out f & above ,god1 l ma!matical        
entities1--!n ,i may f9d !m = myself4 ,i
 may condesc5d1 p]haps1 to reg>d !      
,bible z a hornbook1 9 :i* ,god1 an old]
 /ud5t ?an ,i1 tells me h[ to beg9 to   
le>n :at he _h to /udy2 or ,i may decl9e
 to be taught1 ?r\gh ! ,bible1 h[ to    
le>n "r & wrong4 ,i may ?9k ! ,bible 0  
good en\gh1 may be1 = ! ,israelite 9    
,egypt & 9 ,canaan2 good en\gh = !      
,*ri/ian 9 ,j]usalem & ,antio* & ,rome1 
b n good en\gh1 ev5 z a hornbook1 =     

me1--! man ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1--! man ( 
,bo/on1 ,new ,york1 & ,brooklyn6 ,oh1   
no4 ,i may ?9k ,i ne$ x n at all4 ,:at  
next8 ,:y1 sir1 if ,i may ?9k ,i ne$ n  
,god to tea* me moral tru?1 ,i may ?9k  
,i ne$ him n to tea* me any ?+4 ,:at    
next8 ,! irresi/ible conclusion is1 ,i  
may ?9k ,i c live )\t ,god2 t ,jehovah  
is a my?1--a "n2 ,i may bid him /&      
aside1 or die4 ,oh1 sir1 ,i w be ! fool 
to say !re is no ,god4 ,?is is ! result 
( ! notion t "r & wrong exi/ 9 ! nature 
( ?+s4  ,! o!r !ory is1 t "r & wrong are
 results br\ght into be+1 m]e           
cont+5cies1 means to good1 made to exi/ 
solely by ! w ( ,god1 express$ ?r\gh 8  
^w2 or1 :5 8 w is n ?us kn[n1 he %[s x 9
 ! human reason by :i* he rules !       
natural he>t4 ,?is is s2 because ,god1 9
 mak+ all ?+s1 saw t 9 ! relations he   
w\ld con/itute betwe5 himself &         
intellig5t creatures1 & among !mselves1 
,,natural ,,good ,,& ,,evil w\ld come to
 pass4 ,9 8 b5evol5t wisdom1 he !n will$
 ,,law1 to control ?is natural good &   

evil4 ,& he !reby made con=mity to t law
 to be "r1 & non-con=mity to be wrong4  
,:y8 ,simply because he saw x to be     
good1 & made x to be "r2 n because he   
saw x to be "r1 b because he made x to  
be "r4  ,h5ce1 ! t5 specific comm&m5ts (
 ! "o moral law ( love are j t5 rules   
:i* ,god made to regulate ! natural good
 & evil :i* he knew w\ld be 9 ! t5      
relations1 :i* he himself con/itut$     
betwe5 himself & man1 & betwe5 man & 8  
neighbor4 ,! ,bible settles ! "q3--s9 is
 ! transgression ( ! law1 & :]e !re is  
no law !re is no s94  ,i mu/-advance "o 
/ep fur!r4 ,:at is s91 z a m5tal /ate8  
,is x "s quality--"s conc5trat$         
ess5ce--"s elem5t>y moral p>ticle 9 !   
nature ( ?+s--some?+ black1 or r$1 l    
crimson1 9 ! con/itution ( ! s\l1 or !  
s\l & body z amalgamat$8 ,no4 ,is x     
self-love8 ,no4 ,is x selfi%ness8 ,no4  
,:at is x8 ,j exactly1 self-w4 ,j t4 ,i1
 ! creature1 ,,w n submit to ?y ,,w1    
,god1 ! ,creator4 ,x is ! ,i ,,am1      
creat$1 :o d>es to defy & di%onor ! ,i  

,,am1 n creat$1--! ,"l ,god1 !          
,almighty1 ,holy1 ,et]nal4  ,t ,,is     
,,s91 p] se4 ,& t is all ( x1--s help me
 ,god6 ,y\r *ild !re--,john--says to 8  
fa!r1 ,i ,,w n to submit to y\r w4 ,:y  
n1 ,john8 ,& he answ]s & says1 ,because 
,i ,,w n4 ,!re1 sir1 ,john has reveal$  
all ( s91 on e>? or 9 hell4 ,satan has  
nev] said--c nev] say--m4 ,i1 ,satan1   
,,w ,,n1 because ,i ,,w n to submit to  
!e1 ,god2 ,,my ,,w1 n ?9e1 %all be4     
,?is beautiful !ory is ! ray ( light :i*
 leads u f night1 & twilight1 & fog1 &  
mi/1 & my/ification1 on ?is subject1 to 
cle> day4 ,i w illu/rate x by ! law :i* 
has controll$ & n[ regulates ! mo/      
delicate ( all ! relations (            
life1--viz43 t ( ! int]c\rse betwe5 !   
sexes4 ,i take ?is1 because x pres5ts ! 
/ronge/ app>5t objections to my argum5t4
  ,ca9 & ,abel m>ri$ _! si/]s4 ,0 x     
wrong 9 ! nature ( ?+s8 ,"h ,dr4 ,wisn] 
spoke out1 & said1 ,c]ta9ly4 ,i d5y x4  
,:at an absurdity1 to suppose t ,god    
c\ld n provide = ! propagation ( ! human

 race f "o pair1 )\t requir+ !m to s96  
,adam's sons & daught]s mu/ h m>ri$1 _h 
!y rema9$ 9 innoc5ce4 ,!y mu/ !n h s9n$ 
9 ,ed51 f ! v necessity ( ! comm& ^u !  
race3--,be fruitful1 & multiply1 &      
repl5i% ! e>?4 7,g54 i4 #bh74 ,:at pure 
nons5se6 ,!re1 sir6--t1 my "o "q1 ,dr4  
,wisn]'s reply1 & my rejo9d]1 br+ out1  
p]fectly1 ! two !ories ( "r & wrong4    
,sir1 ,abraham m>ri$ 8 half-si/]4 ,& !re
 is n a ^w =bidd+ su* m>riage1 until    
,god gave ! law 7,lev4 xviii47 prohibit+
 m>riage 9 c]ta9 degrees ( consangu9ity4
 ,t law made1 !n1 su* m>riage s94 ,b    
,god gave no su* law 9 ! family ( ,adam2
 because he made1 himself1 ! m>riage (  
bro!r & si/] ! way1 & ! only way1 = !   
increase ( ! human race4 ,he comm&$ !m  
?us to m>ry4 ,!y w\ld h s9n$ _h !y n ?us
 m>ri$2 = !y w\ld h transgress$ 8 law4  
,su* m>riage 0 n ev5 a natural evil1 9 !
 !n family ( man4 ,b :51 9 ! increase ( 
numb]s1 x became a natural evil1        
physical & social1 ,god plac$ man on a  
high] plat=m = ! developm5t (           

civilization1 morals1 & religion1 & !n  
made ! law regulat+ m>riages 9 !        
p>ticul>s ( blood4 ,b he /ill left      
polygamy unt\*$4 ,"h ,dr4 ,wisn] aga9   
ask$ if ,dr4 ,r4 reg>d$ ! ,bible z      
su/a9+ ! polygamy ( ! ,old ,te/am5t4    
,dr4 ,r4--,yes1 sir2 yes1 sir2 yes1 sir4
 ,let ! report]s m>k t "q1 & my answ]4  
7,laught]47 ,my pr9ciple v9dicates ,god 
f un9telligible ab/ractions4 ,i         
fe>lessly tell :at ! ,bible says4 ,9 its
 /r5g?1 ,i am n afraid ( e>? or hell4 ,i
 fe> only ,god4 ,god made no law aga9/  
polygamy1 9 ! beg9n+4 ,!re=e x 0 no s9 =
 a man to h m wives ?an "o4 ,god        
sanction$ x1 & made laws 9 reg>d to x4  
,abraham _h m wives ?an "o2 ,jacob _h1  
,david _h1 ,solomon _h4 ,god told       
,david1 by ! m\? ( ,na?an1 :5 he        
upbraid$ him ) 8 +ratitude = ! bless+s  
he _h giv5 him1 & said1 ,& ,i gave !e ?y
 ma/]'s h\se1 & ?y ma/]'s wives into ?y 
bosom4 7#b ,sam4 xvii4 #h47  ,god1 9 !  
gospel1 places man on ano!r plat=m1 = ! 
revelation ( a nobl] social & spiritual 

life4 ,he n[ =bids polygamy4 ,polygamy  
n[ is s9--n because x is 9 itself s94   
,no2 b because ,god =bids x1--to re/ra9 
! natural & social evil1 & to br+ out a 
high] humanity4 ,& see1 sir1 h[ g5tly 9 
! gospel ! transition f ! l[] to ! high]
 table-l& ( our progress upw>d is made4 
,*ri/ & 8 apo/les d n decl>e polygamy to
 be s94 ,! new law is s wisely giv5 t   
no?+ exi/+ is rudely di/urb$4 ,! m9i/] (
 ,god1 unm>ri$1 mu/ h only "o wife at ! 
same "t4 ,?is law1 sil5tly & gradually1 
by inevitable & fair inf]5ce ( its      
mean+1 & f ! example ( ! apo/les1 pass$ 
ov] ! ,*ri/ian _w4 ,god1 9 ! gospel1    
places u 9 ?is high] & holi] gr\nd & air
 ( love4 ,we s91 !n1 if we m>ry ! si/]1 
& o!r ne> ( k92 & we s9 if we m>ry1 at !
 same "t1 m wives ?an "o1 n because !re 
is s9 9 ! ?+ itself1 :atev] ( natural   
evil !re might be1 b because 9 s do+ we 
transgress ,god's law1 giv5 to secure & 
advance ! good ( man4 ,i might comm5t 9 
! same way on e "o ( ! t5 comm&m5ts1 b  
,i pass on4  ,! subject ( slav]y1 9 ?is 

view ( "r & wrong1 is se5 9 ! v light ( 
heav54 ,& y1 ,mr4 ,mod]ator1 "k t1 if ! 
view ,i h pres5t$ be true1 ,i h got y4  
7,great laught]47  ,! ,mod]ator said1 v 
pleasantly--,yes--if--b x is a long if4 
7,cont9u$ laught]47  ,dr4 ,r4 t\*$ !    
,mod]ator on ! %\ld]1 & said1 ,yes1     
if--x is a long if2 = x is ?is3--if !re 
is a ,god1 he is n ,jupit]1 b[+ to !    
,fates1 b ,god1 ! sov]eign ov] ! univ]se
 he has creat$1 9 :i* he makes "r1 by   
mak+ law to be kn[n & obey$ by angels & 
m51 9 _! v>i$ conditions4  ,he gave     
,adam t comm&1--sublime 9 its           
simplicity1 & int5d$ to v9dicate !      
pr9ciple ,i am affirm+1--t !re is no "r 
& wrong 9 ! nature ( ?+s4 ,!re 0 no "r  
or wrong1 p] se1 9 eat+ or will+ to eat 
( t tree ( ! k ( good & evil4  ,b ,god  
made ! law1--,?\ %all n eat ( t tree4 ,z
 if he _h said1--,i seek to te/ !       
submission ( y\r w1 freely1 to my w4 ,&1
 t y\r te/ may be p]fect1 ,i w let y\r  
temptation be no?+ m ?an y\r natural    
desire = t fruit4 ,adam s9n$4 ,:at 0 !  

s98  ,adam said1 9 he>t1 ,,my ,,w1 n    
?9e1 ,,%all ,,be4 ,t 0 ! s91--! simple  
transgression ( ,god's law1 :5 !re 0    
nei!r s9 nor evil 9 ! ?+ :i* ,god =bade 
to be done4  ,man fell & 0 curs$4 ,! law
 ( ! control ( ! sup]ior ov] ! inf]ior  
is n[ to beg91 & is to g on 9 ! deprav$ 
conditions ( ! fall5 & curs$ race4 ,&1  
,,fir/1 ,god said to ! woman1 ,?y desire
 %all be to ?y husb&1 & he %all rule ov]
 !e4 ,!re1 9 t law1 is ! beg9n+ (       
gov]nm5t orda9$ ( ,god4 ,!re is ! beg9n+
 ( ! rule ( ! sup]ior ov] ! inf]ior1    
b\nd to obey4 ,!re1 9 ! family ( ,adam1 
is ! g]m ( ! rule 9 ! tribe1--! /ate4   
,adam1 9 8 "r1 f ,god1 to rule ov] 8    
wife & 8 *ildr51 _h all ! au?ority      
aft]w>ds exp&$ 9 ! patri>* & ! k+4 ,?is 
simple1 beautiful fact1 !re1 on ! fir/  
leaf ( ! ,bible1 solves ! problem1 :5ce 
& h[ has man "r to rule ov] man4 ,9 t   
great fact ,god gives 8 d5ial to ! idea 
t gov]nm5t ov] man is ! result ( a      
social compact1 9 :i* ea* individual man
 liv+ 9 a /ate ( natural lib]ty1 yield$ 

"s ( t lib]ty to secure ! great] good ( 
gov]nm5t4 ,su* a ?+ nev] 02 su* a ?+    
nev] c\ld h be54 ,gov]nm5t 0 orda9$ &   
e/abli%$ be=e ! fir/ *ild 0 born3--,,he 
,,%all ,,rule ,,ov] ,,!e4 ,ca9 & ,abel 7
 born 9 a /ate z p]fect z ! empire (    
,brita9 or ! rule ( ^! ,unit$ ,/ates4   
,all t ,black/one1 & ,paley1 & ,hobbs1  
or anybody else1 says ab\t ! social     
compact1 is flatly & fully d5i$ & upset 
by ! ,bible1 hi/ory1 & common s5se4 ,let
 any ,new ,york lawy]--or ev5 a         
,philadelphia lawy]--d5y ?is if he d>es4
 ,life1 lib]ty1 & ! pursuit ( happ9ess  
nev] 7 ! inali5able "r ( ! individual   
man4  ,8 self-control1 9 all ^!         
p>ticul>s1 f ! beg9n+1 0 subord9ate to !
 good ( ! family1--! empire4 ,! comm& to
 ,noah 01--,:oso %$de? man's blood1 by  
man %all 8 blood be %$4 7,g54 ix4 #f47  
,?is comm& to %$ blood 01 & is1 9 p]fect
 h>mony ) ! law1--,?\ %alt n kill4 ,!re 
is no?+ "r or wrong 9 ! tak+ ( life1 p] 
se1 or 9 itself consid]$4 ,x may or x   
may n be a natural good or evil4 ,z a   

g5]al fact1 ! tak+ ( life is a natural  
evil4 ,h5ce1 ,?\ %alt n kill is ! g5]al 
rule1 to pres]ve ! good !re is 9 life4  
,to take life "u ! =bidd5 conditions is 
s91 simply because ,god =bids x "u ^?   
conditions4 ,! s9 is n 9 tak+ life1 b 9 
transgress+ ,god's law4  ,b sometimes ! 
tak+ ( life w secure a great] good4     
,god1 !n1 comm&s t life be tak54 ,n to  
take life1 "u ! comm&$ conditions1 is   
s91--solely because ,god !n comm&s x4   
,?is p[] ov] life1 = ! good ( ! "o great
 family ( man1 ,god delegat$ to ,noah1 &
 ?r\gh him to ! tribe1 ! clan1 ! k+dom1 
! empire1 ! democracy1 ! republic1 z !y 
may be gov]n$ by *ief1 k+1 emp]or1      
p>liam5t1 or congress4 ,_h ,ham kill$   
,%em1 ,noah w\ld h comm&$ ,japhe? to    
slay him4 ,s mu* = ! orig9 ( ! p[] ov]  
life3 n[ = ! p[] ov] lib]ty4  ,! "r to  
take life includ$ ! "r ov] lib]ty4 ,b   
,god int5d$ ! rule ( ! sup]ior ov] !    
inf]ior1 9 relations ( s]vice1 %\ld     
exemplify human depravity1 8 curse & 8  
ov]rul+ bless+4  ,! rule & !            

subord9ation :i* is ess5tial to !       
exi/5ce ( ! family1 ,god made           
comm5surate ) mank9d2 = mank9d is only !
 cong]ies ( families4 ,:5 ,ham1 9 8     
ant$iluvian recklessness1 laugh$ at 8   
fa!r1 ,god took occasion to give to ! _w
 ! rule ( ! sup]ior ov] ! inf]ior4 ,he  
curs$ him4 ,he curs$ him because he left
 him unbless$4 ,! )hold+ ( ! fa!r's     
bless+1 9 ! ,bible1 0 curse4 ,h5ce      
,abraham pray$ ,god1 :5 ,isaac 0 bless$1
 t ,i%mael might n be pass$ by4 ,h5ce   
,esau pray$ 8 fa!r1 :5 ,jacob 0 bless$1 
t he might n be left unt\*$ by 8 holy   
h&s4 ,ham 0 curs$ to r5d] s]vice1 =ev]1 
to ,%em & ,japhe?4 ,! special curse on  
,canaan made ! g5]al curse on ,ham      
conspicu\s1 hi/oric1 & explanatory1     
simply because 8 desc5dants 7 to be     
br\ght "u ! control ( ,god's peculi> p4 
,%em 0 bless$ to rule ov] ,ham4 ,japhe? 
0 bless$ to rule ov] bo?4 ,god s5t ,ham 
to ,africa1 ,%em to ,asia1 ,japhe? to   
,europe4 ,mr4 ,mod]ator1 y h read       
,guyot's ,e>? & ,man4 ,t admirable book 

is a comm5t>y ^u ?is "p ( ,g5esis4 ,x is
 ! philosophy ( geography4 ,& x is !    
philosophy ( ! rule ( ! high] races ov] 
! inf]ior1 writt5 on ! v face ( ! e>?4  
,he tells y :y ! cont95ts are %ap$ z !y 
are %ap$2 :y ! m\nta9s /& :]e !y /&2 :y 
! riv]s run :]e !y run2 :y ! curr5ts ( !
 sea & ! air fl[ z !y fl[4 ,& he tells y
 t ! e>? s\? ( ! ,equator makes !       
inf]ior man4 ,t ! oceanic climate makes 
! inf]ior man 9 ! ,pacific ,isl&s4 ,t   
,s\? ,am]ica makes ! inf]ior man4 ,t !  
solid1 un9d5t$ ,s\!rn ,africa makes !   
inf]ior man4 ,t ! huge1 heavy1 massive1 
magnific5t ,asia makes ! huge1 heavy1   
massive1 magnific5t man4 ,t ,europe1    
ind5t$ by ! sea on e side1 ) its v>i$   
sc5]y1 & climate1 & ,nor!rn influ5ces1  
makes ! v>i$ intellect1 ! v]satile p[] &
 life & action1 ( ! ma/]-man ( ! _w4 ,& 
x is s4 ,africa1 ) "h & !re an          
exception1 has nev] produc$ m5 to comp>e
 ) ! m5 ( ,asia4 ,= six ?\s& ye>s1 save 
! un9telligible /ones ( ,egypt1 %e has  
_h no hi/ory4 ,asia has _h h] great m5 &

 h] "n4 ,b ,europe has ev] %[n1 & n[1 h]
 nobl] m5 & high] de/9y4 ,japhe? has n[ 
come to ,nor? ,am]ica1 to give u 8 pa/  
greatness & 8 transc5d5t glory4         
7,applause47 ,&1 sir1 ,i ?ank ,god our  
m\nta9s /& :]e !y /&2 & t our riv]s run 
:]e !y run4 ,?ank ,god !y run n across  
longitudes1 b across latitudes1 f nor?  
to s\?4 ,if !y cross$ longitudes1 we    
might fe> = ! ,union4 ,b ,i hail !      
,union1--made by ,god1 /rong z ! /r5g? (
 our hills1 & ev] to live & exp&1--l !  
fl[ & swell ( ! curr5t ( our /reams4    
7,applause47  ,^! two !ories ( ,"r &    
,wrong1--^! two ideas ( human lib]ty1--!
 "r1 9 ! nature ( ?+s1 or ! "r z made by
 ,god1--! lib]ty ( ! individual man1 (  
,a!ism1 ( ,r$ ,republicanism1 ( !       
devil1--or ! lib]ty ( man1 9 ! family1 9
 ! ,/ate1 ! lib]ty f ,god1--^! two      
!ories n[ make ! conflict ( ! _w4 ,?is  
anti-slav]y battle is only "p ( ! great 
/ruggle3 ,god w be victori\s1--& we1 9 8
 might4  ,i n[ come to p>ticul>         
illu/rations ( ! _w-wide law t s]vice   

%all be r5d]$ by ! inf]ior to ! sup]ior4
 ,! relations 9 :i* su* s]vice obta9s   
are v _m4 ,"s ( !m are ^!3--husb& &     
wife2 p>5t & *ild2 tea*] & s*ol>2 comm&]
 & soldi]1--sailor2 ma/] & appr5tice2   
ma/] & hirel+2 ma/] & slave4 ,n[1 sir1  
all ^! relations are orda9$ ( ,god4 ,!y 
are all directly comm&$1 or !y are !    
irresi/ible law ( 8 provid5ce1 9        
conditions :i* mu/ come up 9 ! progress 
( deprav$ nature4 ,! relations !mselves 
are all good 9 c]ta9 conditions4 ,& !re 
may be no m ( evil 9 ! l[e/ ?an 9 !     
highe/4 ,& !re may be 9 ! l[e/1 z really
 z 9 ! highe/1 ! fulfilm5t ( ! comm&m5t 
to love ?y neighbor z ?yself1 & ( do+   
unto him :atsoev] ?\ w\ld/ h him to d   
unto !e4  ,:y1 sir1 ! wife ev]y:]e1     
except :]e ,*ri/ianity has giv5 h]      
elevation1 is ! slave4 ,&1 sir1 ,i say1 
)\t fe> ( say+ too /rongly1 t = e sigh1 
e groan1 e te>1 e agony ( /ripe or dea?1
 :i* has gone up to ,god f ! relation ( 
ma/] & slave1 !re h be5 m sighs1 m      
groans1 m te>s1 & m agony 9 ! rule ( !  

husb& ov] ! wife4 ,sir1 ,i h admitt$1 & 
d aga9 admit1 )\t qualification1 t e    
fact 9 ,uncle ,tom's ,cab9 has occurr$ 9
 ! ,s\?4 ,b1 9 reply1 ,i say            
delib]ately1 :at "o ( y\r fir/ m5 told  
me1 t he :o w make ! horrid exam9ation w
 discov] 9 ,new ,york ,city1 9 any numb]
 ( ye>s pa/1 m cruelty f husb& to wife1 
p>5t to *ild1 ?an 9 all ! ,s\? f ma/] to
 slave 9 ! same "t4 ,i d>e !            
inve/igation4 ,& y may ext5d x fur!r1 if
 y *oose1--to all ! results ( honor &   
purity4 ,i fe> no?+ on ?is subject4 ,i  
/& on rock1--! ,bible1--& !re=e1 j be=e 
,i br+ ! ,bible1 to :i* all ,i h said is
 introductory1 ,i w run a p>allel betwe5
 ! relation ( ma/] & slave & t ( husb& &
 wife4 ,i w say no?+ ( ! gr9d+          
oppression ( capital ^u labor1 9 ! p[] (
 ! ma/] ov] ! hirel+--! cru%$ peasant--!
 *a9-h>ness$ coal-pit woman1 a ?\s& feet
 "u gr\nd1 work+ 9 d>kness1 h] *ild     
toil+ by h] side1 & ano!r *ild n born2  
,i w say no?+ ( ! press-gang :i* fills !
 navy ( ,brita9--! conscription :i*     

makes ! army ( ,france--! t]rible       
flogg+s--! awful c\rt-m>tial--! quick   
s5t5ce--! lightn+-%ot--! *a91 & ball1 & 
e-day la%--! puni%m5t ( ! soldi]1       
sailor1 slave1 :o _h run away4 ,i pass  
all ?is by3 ,i w run ! p>allel betwe5 ! 
slave & wife4  ,d y say1 ,! slave is    
held to involunt>y s]vice8 ,s is ! wife4
 ,h] relation to h] husb&1 9 ! imm5se   
majority ( cases1 is made = h]1 & n by  
h]4 ,& :5 %e makes x = h]self1 h[ (t51 &
 h[ soon1 does x become involunt>y6 ,h[ 
(t51 & h[ soon1 w\ld %e ?r[ (f ! yoke if
 %e c\ld6 ,o ye wives1 ,i "k h[ sup]ior 
y are to y\r husb&s 9 _m respects1--n   
only 9 p]sonal attraction1 7al?\gh 9 t  
p>ticul>1 comp>ison is out ( place17 9  
grace1 9 ref9$ ?\ght1 9 passive =titude1
 9 endur+ love1 & 9 a he>t to be fill$ )
 ! _s ( heav54 ,oh1 ,i "k all ?is4 ,nay1
 ,i "k y may surpass him 9 8 own sph]e (
 boa/$ prud5ce & worldly wisdom ab\t    
doll>s & c5ts4 ,nev]!less1 he has       
au?ority1 f ,god1 to rule ov] y4 ,y are 
"u s]vice to him4 ,y are b\nd to obey   

him 9 all ?+s4 ,y\r s]vice is v1 v1 v   
(t5 involunt>y f ! fir/1 &1 if volunt>y 
at fir/1 becomes hopeless necessity     
aft]w>ds4 ,i "k ,god has laid ^u ! husb&
 to love y z ,*ri/ lov$ ! *ur*1 & 9 t   
sublime obligation has plac$ y 9 ! light
 & "u ! %ad[ ( a love inf9itely high]1 &
 pur]1 & holi] ?an all talk$ ab\t 9 !   
romances ( *ivalry4 ,b ! husb& may n s  
love y4 ,he may rule y ) ! rod ( iron4  
,:at c y d8 ,be divorc$8 ,god =bids x1  
save = crime4 ,w y say t y are free1--t 
y w g :]e y please1 d z y please8 ,:y1  
ye de> wives1 y\r husb&s may =bid4 ,&   
li/51 y _c leave ,new ,york1 nor y\r    
palaces1 any m ?an y\r %anties4 ,no2 y  
_c leave y\r p>lor1 nor y\r b$*amb]1 nor
 y\r c\*1 if y\r husb& comm&s y to /ay  
!re6 ,:at c y d8 ,w y run away1 ) y\r   
/ick & y\r bundle8 ,he c adv]tise y66   
,:at c y d8 ,y c1 & ,i fe> "s ( y d1 wi%
 him1 f ! bottom ( y\r he>ts1 at !      
bottom ( ! ,hudson4 ,or1 9 y\r self-w1 y
 w d j z y please4 7,great laught]47  ,a
 ^w on ! subject ( divorce4 ,"o ( y\r   

/&+ d5unciations on ! ,s\? is ! t]rible 
laxity ( ! m>riage v[ among ! slaves4   
,well1 sir1 :at does y\r ,bo/on ,dr4    
,nehemiah ,adams say8 ,he says1 aft]    
giv+ eighty1 sixty1 & ! l numb] (       
applications = divorce1 & ne>ly all     
grant$ at individual qu>t]ly c\rts 9    
,new ,engl&1--he says he is n sure b t !
 m>riage relation is z endur+ among !   
slaves 9 ! ,s\? z x is among :ite p 9   
,new ,engl&4 ,i only give :at ,dr4      
,adams says4 ,i w\ld fa9 v9dicate !     
m>riage relation f ?is rebuke4 ,b "o ?+ 
,i w say3 y seldom he> ( a divorce 9    
,virg9ia or ,s\? ,c>ol9a4  ,b to        
proce$3--  ,d y say ! slave is sold &   
b\ght8 ,s is ! wife ! _w ov]4 ,ev]y:]e1 
always1 & n[ z ! g5]al fact1 h[ev] done 
away or modifi$ by ,*ri/ianity4 ,!      
savage buys h]4 ,! b>b>ian buys h]4 ,!  
,turk buys h]4 ,! ,jew buys h]4 ,!      
,*ri/ian buys h]1--,greek1 ,arm5ian1    
,ne/orian1 ,roman ,ca?olic1 ,prote/ant4 
,! ,portuguese1 ! ,spani>d1 ! ,italian1 
! ,g]man1 ! ,russian1 ! ,fr5*man1 !     

,engli%man1 ! ,new ,engl& man1 ! ,new   
,york]1--especially ! upp] t51--buy !   
wife--9 _m1 v _m cases4 ,%e is seldom   
b\ght 9 ! ,s\?1 & nev] among ! slaves   
!mselves2 = !y always m>ry = love4      
7,cont9u$ laught]47 ,sir1 ,i say ! wife 
is b\ght 9 ! highe/ circles1 too (t51 z 
really z ! slave is b\ght4 ,oh1 %e is n 
sold & pur*as$ 9 ! public m>ket4 ,b     
come1 sir1 ) me1 & let u take !         
privilege ( spirits out ( ! body to     
glide into t gild$ saloon1 or into t    
ri*ly com=table family room1 ( cab9ets1 
& pictures1 & /atu>y3 see ! p>ties1 !re1
 to sell & buy t human body & s\l1 &    
make h] a *attel6 ,see h[ !y sit1 & b5d 
t[>ds ea* o!r1 9 e>ne/ colloquy1 on s(a 
( rosewood & sat91--,turkey c>pet 7h[   
befitt+67 "u feet1 sunlight ov] head1   
s(t5$ ?r\gh /a9$ w9d[s3 or x is night1 &
 ! gas is turn$ ne>ly (f1 & ! burn]s    
gleam l />s ?r\gh ! %ad[ f :i* ! :isp]  
is he>d1 9 :i* t old ugly brute1 ) gray 
goatee--h[ fragrant6--bids "o1 two1     
five1 t5 hundr$ ?\s& doll>s1 & %e is    

knock$ (f to him1--t beautiful "y girl  
asleep up !re1 amid fl[]s1 & innoc5t t  
%e is sold & b\ght4 ,sir1 t "y girl w\ld
 z soon p]mit a baboon to embrace h]1 z 
t old1 ignorant1 gross1 disgu/+ wret* to
 approa* h]4 ,ah1 has %e n be5 sold &   
b\ght = money8 ,b--,b :at8 ,b1 y say1 %e
 freely1 & )\t p>5tal au?ority1 accept$ 
him4 ,!n %e sold h]self = money1 & 0    
guilty ( t :i* is no?+ bett] ?an legal  
pro/itution4 ,i "k :at ,i say2 y "k :at 
,i say4 ,up !re 9 ! gall]y y "k3 y nod  
to "o ano!r4 ,ah6 y "k ! p>ties4 ,yes1 y
 say3 ,all true1 true1 true4 7,laught]47
  ,n[1 ,mr4 ,mod]ator1 ,i w cl9* all ,i 
h said by nails sure1 & fa/5$ f ! ^w (  
,god4  ,!re is ,k+ ,james's ,engli%     
,bible1 ) its magnific5t d$ication4 ,i  
br+ ! ,engli% ackn[l$g$ translation4 ,& 
j "o ^w m to pu% g5tly aside--= ,i am a 
k9d man to ^? poor1 delud$ anti-slav]y  
p--_! la/ argum5t4 ,x is t ?is ,engli%  
,bible1 9 ^? p>ts :i* treat ( slav]y1   
don't give ! ideas :i* are f\nd 9 !     
orig9al ,hebrew & ,greek4 ,alas = !     

common p6--alas = ?is good old          
translation6 ,are its days numb]$8 ,no1 
sir2 no1 sir4 ,! ,unit>ian1 !           
,univ]sali/1 ! ,arm9ian1 ! ,bapti/1 :5  
press$ by ?is translation1 h tri$ to f9d
 %elt] = _! false isms by mak+ or ask+ =
 a new r5d]+4 ,& n[ ! anti-slav]y m5 are
 driv+ h>d at ! same ?+4 7,laught]47    
,sir1 %all we p]mit our p ev]y:]e to h  
_! confid5ce 9 ?is noble translation    
und]m9$ & de/roy$ by ! isms & :ims ( e  
or any man 9 our pulpits8 ,i affirm1    
:atev] be our p]fect lib]ty ( exam9ation
 into ,god's mean+ 9 all ! light ( !    
orig9al languages1 t !re is a respect   
due to ?is receiv$ v]sion1 & t great    
caution %\ld be us$1 le/ we tea* ! p to 
d\bt its true r5d]+ f ! orig9al ^w (    
,god4 ,i prote/1 sir1 aga9/ hav+ a      
,doctor-(-,div9ity prie/1 ,hebrew or    
,greek1 to tell ! p :at ,god has spok5  
on ! subject ( slav]y or any o!r        
subject4 7,laught]47 ,i w\ld z soon h a 
,lat9 prie/1--,i w\ld z soon h ,ar*bi%op
 ,hughes1--,i w\ld z soon g to ,rome z  

to ,j]usalem or ,a!ns1--,i w\ld z soon h
 ! ,pope at once 9 8 fallible           
infallibility1--z t5 or tw5ty1 little or
 big1 anti-slav]y ,doctor-(-,div9ity    
prie/s1 ea* claim+ to give 8 infallible 
r5d]+1 h[ev] diff]+ f 8 pe]4 7,laught]47
 ,i nev] yet produc$ ?is ,bible1 9 its  
pla9 unansw]able au?ority1 = ! relation 
( ma/] & slave1 b ! anti-slav]y man ran 
away into ! fog ( 8 ,hebrew or ,greek1  
7laught]17 or he jabb]$ ! nons5se t ,god
 p]mitt$ ! s9 ( slavehold+ among !      
,jews1 b t he don't d x n[6 ,sir1 ,god  
sanction$ slav]y !n1 & sanctions x n[4  
,he made x "r1 !y "k1 !n & n[4 ,hav+ ?us
 tak5 ! la/ puff ( w9d out ( ! sails ( !
 anti-slav]y phantom %ip1 turn to !     
tw5ty-fir/ *apt] ( ,exodus1 vs4 #b-e4   
,god1 9 ^! v]ses1 gave ! ,israelites 8  
comm& h[ !y %\ld buy & hold ! ,hebrew   
s]vant1--h[1 "u c]ta9 conditions1 he w5t
 free1--h[1 "u o!r circum/ances1 he     
might be held to s]vice =ev]1 ) 8 wife &
 h] *ildr54 ,!re x is4 ,don't run into !
 ,hebrew4 7,laught]47  ,b :at h we      

"h8--vs4 #g-aa3--;,& if a man sell 8    
daught] to be a maid-s]vant1 %e %all n g
 out z ! m5-s]vants d4 ,if %e please n  
h] ma/]1 :o ha? betro!d h] to himself1  
!n %all he let h] be r$eem$3 to sell h] 
unto a /range nation he %all h no p[]1  
see+ he ha? dealt deceitfully ) h]4 ,&  
if he ha? betro!d h] unto 8 son1 he %all
 deal ) h] aft] ! mann] ( daught]s4 ,if 
he take him ano!r wife1 h] food1 h]     
raim5t1 & h] duty ( m>riage %all he n   
dim9i%4 ,& if he d n ^! ?ree unto h]1 !n
 %all %e g out free )\t money4 ,n[1 sir1
 ! wit ( man c't dodge t passage1 unless
 he runs away into ! ,hebrew4 7,great   
laught]47 ,= :at does ,god say8 ,:y1    
?is3--t an ,israelite might sell 8 own  
daught]1 n only into s]vitude1 b into   
polygamy1--t ! buy] might1 if he pleas$1
 give h] to 8 son = a wife1 or take h]  
to himself4 ,if he took h] to himself1 &
 %e did n please him1 he %\ld n sell h] 
unto a /range nation1 b %\ld all[ h] to 
be r$eem$ by h] family4 ,b1 if he took  
him ano!r wife be=e he all[$ ! fir/ "o  

to be r$eem$1 he %\ld cont9ue to give ! 
fir/ "o food1 h] raim5t1 & h] duty (    
m>riage2 t is to say1 h] "r to 8 b$4 ,if
 he did n d ^! ?ree ?+s1 %e %\ld g out  
free2 i4e4 cease to be 8 slave1 )\t 8   
receiv+ any money = h]4 ,!re1 sir1 ,god 
sanction$ ! ,israelite fa!r 9 sell+ 8   
daught]1 & ! ,israelite man to buy h]1  
into slav]y & into polygamy4 ,& x 0 !n  
"r1 because ,god made x "r4 ,9 v]ses #bj
 & #ba1 y h ^! words3--,& if a man smite
 8 s]vant or 8 maid ) a rod1 & he die "u
 8 h&1 he %all be surely puni%$2        
not)/&+1 if he cont9ue a day or two1 he 
%all n be puni%$3 = he is 8 money4 ,:at 
does ?is passage mean8 ,surely ?is3--if 
! ma/] gave 8 slave a ha/y bl[ ) a rod1 
& he di$ "u 8 h&1 he %\ld be puni%$4 ,b1
 if ! slave liv$ a day or two1 x w\ld s 
ext5uate ! act ( ! ma/] he %\ld n be    
puni%$1 inasmu* z he w\ld be 9 t case   
suffici5tly puni%$ 9 los+ 8 money 9 8   
slave4 ,n[1 sir1 ,i affirm t ,god 0 m   
l5i5t to ! degrad$ ,hebrew ma/] ?an     
,s\!rn laws are to ! high] ,s\!rn ma/] 9

 l cases4 ,b !re y h :at 0 ! div9e w4   
,f9d fault ) ,god1 ye anti-slav]y m51 if
 y d>e4 ,9 ,leviticus1 xxv4 #dd-df1 ,bo?
 ?y bondm5 & ?y bondmaids1 :i* ?\ %alt  
h1 %all be ( ! hea!n t are r\nd ab\t y2 
( !m %all ye buy bondm5 & bondmaids4    
,moreov]1 ( ! *ildr5 ( ! /rang]s t d    
soj\rn among y1 ( !m %all ye buy1 & ( _!
 families t are ) y1 :i* !y beget 9 y\r 
l&3 & !y %all be y\r possession4 ,& ye  
%all take !m z an inh]itance = y\r      
*ildr5 aft] y1 to inh]it !m = a         
possession2 !y %all be y\r bondm5 =ev]4 
,sir1 ,i d n see h[ ,god c\ld tell u m  
pla9ly t he did comm& 8 p to buy slaves 
f ! hea!n r\nd ab\t !m1 & f ! /rang]1 & 
( _! families soj\rn+ among !m4 ,!      
passage has no o!r mean+4 ,did ,god     
m]ely p]mit s98--did he m]ely tol]ate a 
dreadful evil8 ,god does n say s any:]e4
 ,he gives 8 p law to buy & hold slaves 
( ! hea!n =ev]1 on c]ta9 conditions1 &  
to buy & hold ,hebrew slaves 9          
v>i\sly-modifi$ p>ticul>s4 ,well1 h[ did
 ! hea!n1 !n1 get slaves to sell8 ,did  

!y capture !m 9 w>8--did !y sell _! own 
*ildr58 ,:]ev] !y got !m1 !y sold !m2 & 
,god's law gave 8 p ! "r to buy !m4     
,god 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t made no law      
prohibit+ ! relation ( ma/] & slave4 ,b 
he made law regulat+ ! relation "u      
,greek & ,roman slav]y1 :i* 0 ! mo/     
oppressive 9 ! _w4  ,god saw t ^!       
regulations w\ld ultimately remove !    
evils 9 ! ,greek & ,roman sy/ems1 & d x 
away entirely f ! fitness ( ?+s1 z !re  
exi/+2 = ,greek & ,roman slaves1 = ! mo/
 "p1 7 ! equals 9 all respects ( _!     
ma/]s4 sop 0 a slave2 ,t]5ce 0 a slave4 
,! precepts 9 ,colossians iv4 #ah1 #bc1 
#a ,tim4 vi4 #a-f1 & o!r places1 %[1    
unansw]ably1 t ,god z really sanction$ !
 relation ( ma/] & slave z ^? ( husb& & 
wife1 & p>5t & *ild2 & t all !          
obligations ( ! moral law1 & ,*ri/'s law
 ( love1 might & mu/ be z truly fulfill$
 9 ! "o relation z 9 ! o!r4 ,! fact t he
 has made ! "o set ( relations p]man5t1 
& ! o!r m or less dep5d5t on conditions 
( mank9d1 or to pass away 9 ! advancem5t

 ( human progress1 does n t\* ! "q4 ,he 
sanction$ x "u ! ,old ,te/am5t & ! ,new1
 & orda9s x n[ :ile he sees x be/ to    
cont9ue x1 & he n[1 z h]et(ore1         
proclaims ! duty ( ! ma/] & ! slave4    
,dr4 ,p>k]'s admirable explanation (    
,colossians1 & o!r ,new ,te/am5t        
passages1 saves me ! necessity ( say+   
any ?+ m on ! ,scripture argum5t4  ,"o  
^w on ! ,detroit resolutions1 & ,i      
conclude4 ,^? resolutions ( ! ,assembly 
( #ahej decide t slav]y is s91 unless ! 
ma/] holds 8 slave z a gu>dian1 or "u ! 
claims ( humanity4  ,mr4 ,mod]ator1 ,i  
?9k we _h on ?is floor1 ye/]day1 pro(   
conclusive t ^? resolutions mean any ?+ 
or no?+2 t !y are a f9e specim5 (       
,nor!rn skill 9 plat=m-mak+2 t x put 9 a
 plank "h1 to please ?is man1--a plank  
!re1 to please t man1--a plank = !      
,nor?1 a broad bo>d = ! ,s\?4 ,x is     
,jackson's judici\s t>iff4 ,x is a      
gum-ela/ic consci5ce1 /ret*$ n[ to a    
*>ity cov]+ all ! multitude ( our ,s\!rn
 s9s1 contract$ n[1 giv+ u h>dly a      

fig-leaf ( righte\sness4 ,x is a b[l (  
pun*1--    ,a little sug> to make x     
sweet1     ,a little lemon to make x    
s\r1   ,a little wat] to make x weak1   
,a little br&y to give x p[]4           
7,laught]47  ,z a ,nor!rn argum5t aga9/ 
u1 x is a mass ( lead s heavy t x weigh$
 d[n ev5 ! /rong %\ld]s ( ,judge        
,jessup4 ,=1 sir1 :5 he clos$ 8 spee*1  
,i ask$ him a s+le "q ,i _h made ready =
 him4 ,x 0 ?is3--,d y all[ t ,mr4 ,aik51
 ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 may1 "u ! claims (     
humanity1 hold ?ree ?\s& slaves1 or mu/ 
he emancipate !m8 ,! ,judge /agg]$1 &   
/amm]$1 & said1 ,no man c\ld rightly    
hold s _m4 ,i !n ask$1 ,h[ _m may he    
hold1 9 humanity8 ,! ,judge saw 8 fatal 
dilemma4 ,he recov]$ himself h&somely1 &
 fairly said1 ,mr4 ,aik5 might hold ?ree
 ?\s& slaves1 9 h>mony ) ! ,detroit     
action4 ,i repli$1 ,!n1 sir1 y h        
surr5d]$ ! :ole "q ( ,s\!rn slav]y4 ,&1 
sir1 ! ,judge look$ z if he felt he _h  
surr5d]$ x4 ,& e man 9 ?is h\se1 capable
 ( und]/&+ ! =ce ( t "q1 felt x _h %iv]$

 ! :ole anti-slav]y argum5t1 on ^?      
resolutions1 to atoms4 ,:y1 sir1 if a   
man c hold ?ree slaves1 ) a "r he>t & ! 
approbation ( ,god1 he may hold ?irty1  
?ree hundr$1 ?ree ?\s&1 or ?irty ?\s&4  
,x is a m]e "q ( he>t1 & capacity to    
gov]n4 ,! ,emp]or ( ,russia holds sixty 
millions ( slaves3 & is !re a man 9 ?is 
h\se s mu* ( a fool z to say t ,god     
reg>ds ! ,emp]or ( ,russia a s9n]       
because he is ! ma/] ( sixty millions ( 
slaves8 ,sir1 t ,emp]or has c]ta9ly a   
high & awful responsibility ^u him4 ,b1 
if he is good z he is great1 he is a god
 ( b5evol5ce on e>?4 ,& s is e ,s\!rn   
ma/]4 ,8 obligation is high1 & great1 & 
glori\s4 ,x is ! same obligation1 9 k9d1
 he is "u to 8 wife & *ildr51 & 9 "s    
respects imm5sely high]1 by reason ( !  
numb] & ! trem5d\s int]e/s involv$ = "t 
& et]nity 9 connection ) ?is great      
c\ntry1 ,africa1 & ! _w4 ,yes1 sir1 ,i  
"k1 :e!r ,s\!rn ma/]s fully "k x or n1 t
 !y hold f ,god1 individually &         
collectively1 ! highe/ & ! noble/       

responsibility ev] giv5 by ,him to      
individual private m5 on all ! face ( ! 
e>?4 ,= ,god has intru/$ to !m to tra9  
millions ( ! mo/ degrad$ 9 =m &         
intellect1 b1 at ! same "t1 ! mo/ g5tle1
 ! mo/ amiable1 ! mo/ affectionate1 !   
mo/ imitative1 ! mo/ susceptible (      
social & religi\s love1 ( all ! races ( 
mank9d1--to tra9 !m1 & to give !m       
civilization1 & ! light & ! life ( !    
gospel ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,& ,i ?ank ,god  
he has giv5 ?is great "w to t type ( !  
noble family ( ,japhe? be/ qualifi$ to d
 x1--to ! ,cavali] /ock1--! g5tleman & !
 lady ( ,engl& & ,france1 born to comm&1
 & s(t5$ & ref9$ "u our ,s\!rn sky4 ,may
 !y "k & feel & fulfil _! de/9y6 ,oh1   
may !y "k t !y also h a ,ma/] 9 heav54  
,lett] f ,dr4 ,ross4    ,i ne$ only say1
 9 ref]5ce to ?is lett]1 t my fri5ds    
hav+ que/ion$ my position z to ! good ( 
! agitation1 ,i wrote ! foll[+ lett] to 
v9dicate t po9t1 z giv51 9 ! ,new ,york 
spee*3--  ,,huntsville1 ,,ala41 ,july   
#ad1 #ahef4  ,bro!r ,blackburn3--,i     

affirm$1 9 my ,new ,york spee*1 t !     
,slav]y agitation has done1 & w         
accompli%1 good4  ,y\r v k9d & c\rte\s  
disagreem5t on t po9t ,i w make !       
occasion to say some?+ m !reon1 )\t wi%+
 y1 my de> fri5d1 to reg>d :at ,i write 
z invit+ any discussion4  ,i said t     
agitation has br\ght out1 & w\ld reveal 
/ill m fully1 ! ,bible1 9 its relation  
to slav]y & lib]ty1--also ! infidelity  
:i* long has be51 & is n[1 leav5+ ) dea?
 ! :ole ,nor!rn m9d4 ,& t x w\ld result 
9 ! triumph ( ! true ,s\!rn             
int]pretation ( ! ,bible2 to ! honor (  
,god1 & to ! good ( ! ma/]1 ! slave1 !  
/ability ( ! ,union1 & be a bless+ to ! 
_w4 ,to accompli% ?is1 ! s9 p] se       
doctr9e w be utt]ly demoli%$4 ,t doctr9e
 is ! difficulty 9 e ,nor!rn m9d1 7:]e  
!re is any difficulty ab\t slav]y17 :e!r
 !y confess x or n4 ,yes1 ! difficulty )
 e ,nor!rn man is1 t ! relation ( ma/] &
 slave is felt to be s94 ,i "k t to be !
 fact4 ,i h talk$ ) all grades ( ,nor!rn
 m51 & come 9 contact ) all v>ieties (  

,nor!rn m9d on ?is subject4 ,& ,i "k t !
 man :o says & tries to believe1 & does1
 p>tially 9 sob] judgm5t1 believe1 t    
slav]y is n s91 yet1 9 8 feel+s1 9 8    
educat$ prejudices1 he feels t slav]y is
 s94  ,yes1 t is ! difficulty1 & t is ! 
:ole ( ! difficulty1 betwe5 ! ,nor? & ! 
,s\?1 s f> z ! "q is "o ( ! ,bible &    
morals4 ,n[1 ,i aga9 say1 t t s9 p] se  
doctr9e w1 9 ?is agitation1 be utt]ly   
demoli%$4 ,& :5 t is done1--:5 ! ,nor? w
 "k & feel fully1 p]fectly1 t ! relation
 ( ma/] & slave is n s91 b sanction$ (  
,god1--!n1 & n till !n1 ! ,nor? & ,s\? c
 & w1 )\t ang]1 consid] ! foll[+        
que/ions3--,:e!r slav]y1 z x exi/s 9 !  
,unit$ ,/ates1 all ?+s consid]$1 be or  
be n a great good1 & ! greate/ good = a 
"t1 not)/&+ its admitt$ evils8 ,aga91   
:e!r ^! evils c or _c be modifi$ &      
remov$8 ,la/ly1 :e!r slav]y itself c or 
_c pass away f ?is l& & ! _w8 ,n[1 sir1 
! mom5t ! s9 "q is settl$1 !n all is    
peace4 ,= ^! o!r que/ions belong        
entirely to ano!r category ( morals4 ,!y

 belong entirely to ! category ( :at is 
wise to realize good4 ,?is agitation w  
br+ ?is great result4 ,& !re=e ,i affirm
 ! agitation to be good4  ,!re is ano!r 
fact also1 ! result1 9 great measure1 ( 
?is agitation1 :i* 9 my view proves x to
 h be5 & to be ( great good4 ,i mean !  
a/oni%+ rise & pres5t /ability ( !      
slave-p[] ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,?is fact1 
:5 exam9$1 is und5iable4 ,& x is equally
 und5iable t x has be5 caus$1 9 great   
"p1 by ! slav]y "q 9 all its be>+s4 ,x  
is a wond]ful developm5t made by ,god4  
,& ,i mu/ believe he int5ds !reby ei!r  
to de/roy or bless ?is great ,union4 ,b1
 z ,i believe he int5ds to bless1 !re=e 
,i am =tifi$ 9 affirm+ ! good !re has   
be5 & is 9 ?is agitation4 ,let me br+   
out to view ?is a/oni%+ fact4  #a4      
,tw5ty-five ye>s ago1 & previ\sly1 !    
:ole slave-hold+ ,s\? & ,we/ _h a /rong 
t5d5cy to emancipation1 9 "s =m4 ,b !   
abolition movem5t !n began1 & arre/$ t  
,s\!rn & ,we/]n lean+ to emancipation4  
,_m p h said1 & d say1 t t arre/ 0 & is 

a great evil4 ,i say x 0 & is a great   
good4 ,:y8 ,answ]3 ,x 0 & w\ld n[ be    
premature4 ,_h x be5 c>ri$ out1 x w\ld h
 be5 & w\ld n[ be evil1 imm5se1         
inconceivable1--to ma/]1 slave1 ,am]ica1
 ,africa1 & ! _w2 because nei!r ma/]1   
slave1 ,am]ica1 ,africa1 ! _w1 71 or    
are1 ready = emancipation4 ,god has a   
great deal to d be=e he is ready =      
emancipation4 ,he tells u s by ?is arre/
 put ^u t t5d5cy to emancipation ye>s   
ago4 ,= ,he put x into ! he>ts (        
abolitioni/s to make ! arre/4 ,& ,he    
/opp$ ! ,s\!rn movem5t all ! m p]fectly 
by p]mitt+ ,great ,brita9 to emancipate 
,jamaica1 & lett+ t exp]im5t prove1 z x 
has1 a p]fect failure & a t]rible w>n+4 
,,jamaica ,,is ,,de/roy$4 ,& n[1 :atev] 
be done = its negroes mu/ be done ) !   
full admission t :at has be5 attempt$ 0 
9 violation ( ! duty ,brita9 ow$ to ^?  
negroes4 ,b h] failure 9 see+ & do+ h]  
duty1 ,god has giv5 to u to tea* u k2 &1
 ?r\gh u1 to in/ruct ! _w 9 !           
demon/ration ( ! problem ( slav]y4  #b4 

,god put x into ! he>ts ( ,nor!rn       
m5--especially abolitioni/s--to give    
,texas to ! ,s\?4 ,texas1 a t]ritory s  
va/ t a bird1 z ,web/] said1 c't fly ov]
 x 9 a week4 ,_m 9 ! ,s\? did n want    
,texas4 ,b _m long]-head$ ones did want 
x4 ,& ,nor!rn m5 vot$ & gave to ! ,s\?  
exactly :at ^! long]-head$ ,s\!rn       
/atesm5 want$4 ,?is1 ,i grant1 0 ,nor!rn
 anti-slav]y fatuity1 utt]ly            
unacc\ntable b t ,god made !m d x4  #c4 
,god put x into ! he>ts ( ,nor!rn       
m5--especially abolitioni/s--to vote =  
,polk1 ,dallas1 & ,texas4 ,?is gave u ! 
,mexican ,w>2 & t imm5se t]ritory1 its  
spoil1--a t]ritory :i*1 al?\gh x may n  
be favorable = slave-labor1 has         
increas$1 & w1 9 _m ways1 ext5d !       
slave-p[]4  #d4 ,?is leads me to say t  
,god put x into ! he>ts ( _m ,nor!rn    
m5--especially abolitioni/s--to believe 
:at ,great ,brita9 said1--namely1 t free
 trade w\ld result 9 slave-emancipation4
 ,b lo6 ! slave-hold] want$ free trade4 
,s ,nor!rn abolitioni/s help$ to de/roy 

! t>iff policy1 & ?us to exp& ! dem& =1 
& ! culture (1 cotton4 ,n[1 see1 ! gold 
( ,cali=nia has p]petuat$ free trade by 
enabl+ our m]*ants to meet ! enorm\s    
dem& = specie creat$ by free trade4 ,s  
,cali=nia helps ! slave-p[]4 ,b !       
abolitioni/s gave u ,polk1 ! ,mexican   
,w>1 & ,cali=nia4  #e4 ,god put x into !
 he>ts ( ! ,nor?1 & especially          
abolitioni/s1 to /imulate ! settlem5t ( 
new free ,/ates1 & to be ! ard5t fri5ds 
( an imm5se =eign emigration4 ,! result 
has be5 to s5d d[n to ! ,s\?1 ) railroad
 spe$ & c]ta9ty1 corn1 :eat1 fl\r1 meal1
 bacon1 pork1 beef1 & e o!r imag9able =m
 ( food1 9 quantity amaz+1 & s *eap t ! 
plant] c spread wid] & wid] ! culture ( 
cotton4  #f4 ,god has1 by ?is gr[? ( !  
,nor?we/1 made ! dem& = cotton enorm\s 9
 ! ,nor? & ,nor?we/4 ,aga91 he has made 
,engli% & ,fr5* exp]im5ts to procure    
cotton some:]e else ?an f ! ,unit$      
,/ates dead failures1--9 ! ,ea/ ,indies1
 ,egypt1 ,alg]ia1 ,brazil4 ,god has ?us 
giv5 to ! ,s\!rn plant] an absolute     

monopoly4 ,a monopoly s great t he1 !   
,s\!rn plant]1 sits n[ ^u 8 ?rone (     
cotton & wields ! comm]cial sceptre ( ! 
_w4 ,yes1 x is ! ,s\!rn plant] :o says  
to-day to haughty ,engl&1 ,g to w>1 if y
 d>e2 dismiss ,dallas1 if y d>e4 ,yes1  
he :o sits on ! ?rone ( ! cotton-bag has
 triumph$ at la/ ov] him :o sits on !   
?rone ( ! wool-sack4 ,engl& is pro/rate 
at 8 feet1 z well z ! abolitioni/s4  #g4
 ,god has put x into ! he>ts (          
abolitioni/s to prev5t half a million ( 
free negroes f go+ to ,lib]ia2 & !reby !
 abolitioni/s h made !m consum]s (      
slave-products to ! ext5sion ( !        
slave-p[]4 ,&1 by ?us keep+ !m 9        
,am]ica1 ! abolitioni/s h s increas$ _! 
degradation z to prove all ! m ! utt]   
folly ( emancipation 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 
#h4 ,god has p]mitt$ ! anti-slav]y m5 9 
! ,nor?1 9 ,engl&1 9 ,france1 & ev]y:]e1
 s to bl9d !mselves 9 hypocrisy z to    
give ! ,s\!rn slave-hold] 8 la/ p]fect  
triumph ov] !m2 = ,god tells ! plant] to
 say to ! ,nor?1 to ,engl&1 to ,france1 

to all :o buy cotton1 ,ye m5 ( ,bo/on1  
,new ,york1 ,london1 ,p>is1--ye         
hypocrites1--ye br& me z a pirate1 a    
kidnapp]1 a murd]]1 a demon1 fit only = 
hell1 & yet ye buy my blood-/a9$ cotton4
 ,o ye hypocrites6--ye ,bo/on           
hypocrites6 :y don't ye ?r[ ! cotton 9 !
 sea1 z y\r fa!rs did ! tea8 ,ye ,bo/on 
hypocrites6 ye say1 if we _h be5 9 !    
days ( our fa!rs1 we w\ld n h be5       
p>tak]s ) !m 9 ! blood ( ! slave-trade6 
,:]e=e ye be witnesses unto y\rselves t 
ye are ! *ildr5 ( !m :o1 9 fact1        
kidnapp$ & b\ght 9 blood1 & sold ! slave
 9 ,am]ica6 = n[1 ye hypocrites1 ye buy 
! blood-/a9$ cotton 9 quantity s imm5se1
 t ye h run up ! price ( slaves to be m 
?an a ?\s& doll>s1--! av]age ( old & "y6
 ,o ye hypocrites6 ye d5\nce slav]y2 !n 
ye bid x live1 & n die1--9 t ye buy     
sug>1 rice1 tobacco1 &1 above all1      
cotton6 ,ye hypocrites6 ye abuse !      
devil1 & !n fall d[n & wor%ip him6--ye  
hypocrites1--ye ,new ,engl&             
hypocrites1--ye ,old ,engl&             

hypocrites1--ye ,fr5* hypocrites1--ye   
,uncle ,tom's ,cab9 hypocrites1--ye     
,bee*] hypocrites1--ye ,rhode ,isl&     
,consociation hypocrites6 ,oh1 y\r holy 
twaddle /9ks 9 ! no/rils ( ,god1 & he   
comm&s me to la% y ) my scorn1 & 8      
scorn1 s long z ye gabble ab\t ! s9 (   
slav]y1 & !n b[ d[n to me1 & buy & sp9  
cotton1 & ?us "w = me z truly z my      
slaves6 ,o ye fools & bl9d1 fill ye up !
 measure ( y\r folly1 & bl9dness1 &     
%ame6 ,& ?is ye are do+4 ,ye h1 l !     
,fr5* infidels1 made reason y\r goddess1
 & are exalt+ h] above ! ,bible2 &1 9   
y\r unit>ianism & neology & all modes ( 
infidelity1 ye are reject+ & crucify+ ! 
,son ( ,god4  ,n[1 my bro!r1 ?is        
controll+ slave-p[] is a _w-wide fact4  
,its /ati/ics ( bales c\nt by millions2 
its tonnage c\nts by hundr$s ( ?\s&s2   
its manufacture is reckon$ by ! work%ops
 ( ,am]ica & ,europe2 its support]s are 
numb]$ by all :o mu/ ?us be clo!d 9 !   
_w4 ,?is trem5d\s p[] has be5 develop$ 9
 great measure by ! abolition agitation1

 controll$ by ,god4 ,i believe1 !n1 z ,i
 h already said1 t ,god int5ds "o ( two 
?+s4 ,he ei!r int5ds to de/roy ! ,unit$ 
,/ates by ?is slave-p[]1 or he int5ds to
 bless my c\ntry & ! _w by ! unfold+s ( 
8 wisdom 9 ?is matt]4 ,i believe he w   
bless ! _w 9 ! work+ out ( ?is slav]y4  
,i rejoice1 !n1 9 ! agitation :i* has s 
result$1 & w s t]m9ate1 to reveal !     
,bible1 & bless mank9d4  ,y\r           
affectionate fri5d1  ,f4,a4 ,ross4      
,,rev4 ,a4 ,,blackburn4     ,:at ,is !  
,f\ndation ( ,moral ,obligation8    ,my 
position z to ?is all-important "q1 9 my
 ,new ,york spee*1 0 made subject (     
rem>k 9 ! ,presbyt]ian ,h]ald1          
,l\isville1 ,k5tucky1 to :i* ,i repli$  
at l5g? 9 ! ,presbyt]ian ,witness1      
,knoxville1 ,t5nessee4 ,no rejo9d] 0 ev]
 made to t reply4 ,b1 rec5tly1 an       
extract f ! y\ng] ,edw>ds 0 submitt$ to 
me4 ,to t ,i gave ! foll[+ lett]4 ,!    
subject is ( ! fir/ & ! la/ importance1 
& be>s directly1 z set =? 9 my ,new     
,york spee*1 on infidelity1 &1 ( c\rse1 

! slav]y "q3--  ,mr4 ,editor3--,9 y\r   
pap] ( ,tuesday1 #bd? ult41 !re is an   
article1 "u ?is head1 giv+ ! argum5t (  
,edw>ds 7! son7 aga9/ my views z to !   
f\ndation ( moral obligation4  ,i ?ank !
 writ] = 8 argum5t1 & 8 c\rte\s mann] ( 
pres5t+ x4 ,9 my ?ird lett] to ,mr4     
,b>nes1 ,i express my prep>ation to meet
 all com]s on ?is "q2 & ,i am pleas$ to 
see ?is com]4 ,if my views _c be refut$ 
by ,edw>ds1 ,i may wait long = an ugli] 
cu/om]4  ,a ^w1 introductory1 to y\r    
correspond5t4 ,he says1 ,8 ,dr4 ,ross's 
!ory 0 advanc$ & argu$ aga9/ 9 a =m]    
age4 ,by ?is1 ,i und]/& him to express 8
 belief t my !ory has be5 reject$       
h]et(ore4 ,well4 ,x may1 nev]!less1 be !
 true !ory4 ,! ,cop]nican a/ronomy 0    
argu$ aga9/ 9 a =m] age & reject$2 yet x
 has prevail$4 ,newton's law (          
gravitation 0 argu$ aga9/ & reject$ by a
 :ole g5]ation ( philosoph]s on !       
cont95t ( ,europe2 yet x has prevail$4  
,& n[ all s*ool-boys & girls w\ld call  
anybody a fool :o %\ld d5y x4 ,/eam1 9  

all its applications1 0 argu$ aga9/ &   
reject$2 yet x has prevail$4 ,s !       
electric telegraph2 &1 to g back a      
little1 ! !ory ( vacc9ation1--!         
circulation ( ! blood1--a ?\s& ?+s2 yea1
 ,edw>ds's 7! fa!r7 !ory ( virtue1      
al?\gh receiv$ by _m1 has be5 argu$     
aga9/1 & by _m reject$2 yet x w prevail4
 ,yea1 8 idea ( ! unity ( ! race 9 ,adam
 0 & is argu$ aga9/ & reject$2 yet x w  
prevail4 ,i feel1 !re=e1 no fe> t my    
!ory ( moral obligation w n be ackn[l$g$
 because x 0 argu$ aga9/ & reject$ by _m
 9 a =m] age1 & may be n[4 ,nay2 facts  
to prove x are accumulat+1--facts :i* 7 
n develop$ 9 ,edw>ds's day1--facts %[+1 
irresi/ibly1 t ,edw>ds's !ory1 :i* is t 
mo/ usually n[ held1 is :at ,i say x    
is1--! rejection ( revelation1          
infidelity1 & a!ism4 ,! evid5ce am\nts  
to demon/ration4  ,! "q is 9 a nut%ell2 
x is ?is3--,%all man submit to ! reveal$
 w ( ,god1 or to 8 own w8 ,t is ! nak$  
"q :5 ! fog ( confus$ ideas & unmean+   
words is lift$ & disp]s$4  ,my position1

 express$ 9 ! spee* deliv]$ 9 ! ,g5]al  
,assembly1 ,new ,york1 ,may1 #ahef1 is  
?is3--,god1 9 mak+ all ?+s1 saw t1 9 !  
relations he w\ld con/itute betwe5      
himself & intellig5t creatures1 & among 
!mselves1 ,,natural ,,good ,,& ,,evil   
w\ld come to pass4 ,9 8 b5evol5t wisdom1
 he !n will$ ,,law to control ?is good &
 evil2 & he !reby made con=mity to t law
 to be "r1 & non-con=mity to be wrong4  
,:y8 ,simply because he saw x to be     
good1 & made x to be ,,"r2 n because he 
saw x to be "r1 b because he made x to  
be "r4  ,y\r correspond5t replies to ?is
 !ory 9 ! foll[+ words ( ,edw>ds3--,"s  
hold t ! f\ndation ( moral obligation is
 prim>ily 9 ! w ( ,god4 ,b ! w ( ,god is
 ei!r b5evol5t or n4 ,if x be b5evol5t1 
& on t acc\nt ! f\ndation ( moral       
obligation1 x is n ! s\rce ( obligation 
m]ely because x is ! w ( ,god1 b because
 x is b5evol5t1 & is ( a t5d5cy to      
promote happ9ess2 & ?is places !        
f\ndation ( obligation 9 a t5d5cy to    
happ9ess1 & n prim>ily 9 ! w ( ,god4 ,b 

if ! w ( ,god1 & t :i* is ! expression (
 x1 ! div9e law1 be all[$ to be n       
b5evol5t1 & are f\ndation ( obligation1 
we are oblig$ to con=m to !m1 :atev] !y 
be1 h[ev] malevol5t & opposite to       
hol9ess & goodness ! requirem5ts be4 ,b 
?is1 ,i presume1 none w pret5d4 ,v      
fairly & /rongly put2 t's to say1 if ,i 
und]/& ,edw>ds1 he supposes1 if ,god 0 !
 devil & man :at he is1 !n man w\ld n be
 "u obligation to obey ! devil's w6 ,t's
 x6 ,well1 ,i suppose s too2 & ,i reckon
 mo/ ,*ri/ians w\ld agree to t /atem5t1 
,nay1 m3 ,i presume nobody ev] taught t 
! m]e nak$ w1 ab/ractly consid]$1 if x  
c\ld be1 f ! "* ( ,god1 0 ! gr\nd (     
moral obligation8 ,nay1 ,i ?9k nobody   
ev] imag9$ t ! notion ( an inf9ite      
,creator presupposes or includes ! idea 
t he is a malevol5t ,be+6 ,i agree1 !n1 
) ,edw>ds1 t ! ultimate gr\nd (         
obligation is 9 ! fact t ,god is        
b5evol5t1 or is a good ,god4 ,i said t 9
 my spee* quot$ above4 ,i =mally /at$ t 
,god1 9 8 b5evol5t wisdom1 will$ law to 

control ! natural good & evil1 c4 ,:at1 
!n1 is ! po9t ( disagreem5t betwe5 my   
view & ,edw>ds's8 ,x is 9 ! diff]5t ways
 by :i* we ,,get ,,at ! ,,fact ( div9e  
b5evol5ce4 ,i hold t ! ,,reveal$ ,,^w   
tells u :o ,god is & :at he does1 & is1 
!re=e1 ! ,,ultimate ,,gr\nd ,,(         
,,obligation4 ,b ,edw>ds holds t ,,human
 ,,reason mu/ tell u :o ,god is & :at he
 does1 & ,,is1 !re=e1 ! ,,prim>y ,,gr\nd
 ,,( ,,ob$i5ce4 ,t is my issue ) ,edw>ds
 & o!rs2 & x is z broad an issue z fai? 
9 revelation1 or ! ,,rejection ,,( ,,x4 
,i d n *>ge t ,edw>ds did1 or t all :o  
hold ) him d1 d5y ! ^w ( ,god2 b ,i d   
affirm t _! argum5t does4 ,! matt] is   
pla94 ,= :at is revelation8 ,x is t ,god
 has appe>$ 9 p]son1 & told man 9 ,,^w t
 he is ,,god2 & told him fir/ 9 ,,^w 7to
 be exp&$ 9 /udy+ creation & provid5ce7 
t ,god is a ,_s1 et]nal1 inf9ite 9 p[]1 
wisdom1 goodness1 hol9ess1--! ,creator1 
,pres]v]1 ,b5efactor4 ,t ,,^w1 moreov]1 
he prov$ by highe/ evid5ce--namely1     
sup]natural evid5ce--to be absolute1    

p]fect ,,tru? z to all ,,fact affirm$ ( 
him & :at he does4 ,,revelation1 z      
claim$ 9 ! ,bible1 0 & is ,,t ,,?+4     
,man1 !n1 hav+ ?is revelation2 is "u    
obligation ev] to believe e jot & tittle
 ( t ,,^w4 ,he at fir/1 no d\bt1 knew   
little ( ! mean+ ( "s facts decl>$2 nay1
 he may h compreh5d$ no?+ ( ! s5se or   
scope ( _m facts affirm$4 ,nay1 he may  
n[1 aft] ?\s&s ( ye>s1 "k mo/ imp]fectly
 ! mean+ ( t ,,^w4 ,b he 0 & he is1     
not)/&+1 to believe ) absolute fai? !   
,,^w1--t ,god is all he says he is1 &   
does all he says he does1--h[ev] t ,,^w 
may g beyond 8 reason1 or surprise 8    
feel+s1 or al>m 8 consci5ce1 or comm& 8 
w4  ,?is /atem5t ( :at revelation is1   
settles ! :ole "q z pres5t$ by ,edw>ds4 
,= ,,revelation1 z expla9$1 does ,,fix  
=ev] ! f\ndation ( man's moral          
obligation 9 ! b5evol5ce ( ,god1        
,,prim>ily1 z x is express$ 9 ! ^w (    
,god4 ,,revelation does !n1 9 t s5se1   
,,fix obligation 9 ! ,,m]e ,,w ,,(      
,,god2 =1 ! mom5t y attempt to e/abli% !

 f\ndation some:]e else1 y h ab&on$ !   
gr\nd ( revelation4 ,y h left ! ,,w ,,( 
,,god 9 8 ^w1 & y h made y\r rule ( "r  
to be ! ,,w ,,( ,,man 9 ! ,,self ( !    
,,he>t4 ,! pro( ( :at ,i "h say is s    
pla91 ev5 z ! writ+ on ! tables (       
,habakkuk's vision1 t he may run t      
reade? x4 ,read1 !n1 ev5 z on ! tables4 
,god says 9 8 ,,^w1 ,i am all-p[]ful1   
all-wise1 ! ,creator4 ,y may be1 says   
,edw>ds1 b ,i want prim>y f\ndation = my
 fai?2 & ,i c't take y\r ^w = x4 ,i mu/ 
look fir/ into nature to see if evid5ce 
( inf9ite p[] & wisdom is !re1--to see  
if evid5ce ( a ,creator is !re1--& if ?\
 art he6  ,aga91 ,god says 9 8 ^w1 ,i am
 b5evol5t1 & my w 9 my law is expression
 ( t b5evol5ce4 ,y may tell ! tru?1     
,edw>ds replies1 b ,i want prim>y gr\nd 
= my belief1 & ,i mu/ hold y\r ^w       
susp5d$ until ,i exam9e into my reason1 
my feel+s1 my consci5ce1 my w1--to see  
if y\r ,,^w h>monizes ) my ,,he>t1--to  
see if :at y reveal t5ds to happ9ess ,,9
 ,,my ,,notion ,,( ,,happ9ess2 or t5ds  

to "r ,,9 ,,my ,,notion ,,( ,,"r6 ,t's  
x4 ,t's ! !ory ( ,edw>ds1 ,b>nes1 &     
o!rs4  ,& :at is ?is b ! attempt to "k !
 div9e attributes & "* 9 "s o!r way ?an 
?r\gh ! div9e ,,^w8 ,& :at is ?is b !   
d5ial ( ! div9e ,,^w1 except s f> z x   
agrees ) ! k ( ! attributes & "* ( ,god1
 obta9$ 9 ,,t "s o!r way8 ,& :at is ?is 
b to make ! ^w ( ,god subord9ate to !   
tea*+ ( ! ,,human ,,he>t8 ,& :at is ?is 
b to make ! ,,w ( ,god give place to !  
,,w ( man8 ,& :at is ?is b ! ,,rejection
 ,,( ,,revelation8 ,yet ?is is ! result 
7?\gh n int5d$ by him7 ( ! :ole s*eme ( 
obligation1 ma9ta9$ by ,edw>ds & by all 
:o agree ) him4  ,c>ry x out1 & :at is !
 progress & ! end ( x8 ,?is4 ,human     
reason--! human he>t--w be supreme4 ,"s1
 ,i grant1 w hold to a revelation ( "s  
sort4 ,a ?+ m & m transc5d5tal1--a ?+ m 
& m ( fog & moon%9e1--fog float+ 9      
,g]man cell>s f fumes ( lag]-be]1 &     
moon%9e gleam+ f ! imag9ations ( !      
dr9k]s4 ,"s1 l ,socrates & ,plato1 w h a
 ,god supreme1 p]sonal1 glori\s1 some:at

 l ! true2 & ) him _m inf]ior           
deities1--animat+ ! />s1 ! e>?1 m\nta9s1
 valleys1 pla9s1 ! sea1 riv]s1 f\nta9s1 
! air1 trees1 fl[]s1 & all liv+ ?+s4 ,"s
 w d5y a p]sonal ,god1 & conceive1      
in/ead1 ! intellig5t m9d ( ! univ]se1   
)\t love4 ,"s w cont5d = m]e law1--(    
gravitation & attraction2 & "s w sugge/ 
t all is ! result ( a =tuit\s conc\rse (
 atoms6 ,"h1 hav+ pass$ ?r\gh ! %ad[s & 
! d>kness1 we h rea*$ ! blackness (     
infidelity1--blank a!ism4 ,no ,god--yea1
 all ! way ! fools 7 say+ 9 _! he>ts1 no
 ,god4 ,:at n[ is man8 ,alas6 "s1 !     
,notts & ,gliddons1 tell u1 man 0 inde$ 
creat$ millions ( ages ago1 ! ,"l only  
kn[s :51 9 sw>ms l bees to suit ! zones 
( ! e>?1--:ile o!r "s1 ! believ]s 9 !   
ve/iges ( creation1 say man is ! result 
( developm5t1--f fire1 du/1 granite1    
grass1 ! creep+ ?+1 bird1 fi%1 f\r-foot$
 bea/1 monkey4 ,yea1 & "s ( ^! la/      
philosoph]s are ev5 n[ go+ to ,africa to
 try to f9d m5 !y h he>d tell (1 :o /ill
 h tails & are jump+ & climb+ some:]e 9 

! regions ar\nd ! undiscov]$ s\rces ( ! 
,nile4  ,?is is ! progress & ! result ( 
! ,edw>ds !ory2 because1 d5y or hesitate
 ab\t revelation1 & man _c prove1       
absolutely1 any ( ! ?+s we are consid]+4
 ,let u see if he c4 ,edw>ds writes1 ,on
 ! supposition t ! w or law ( ,god is ! 
prim>y f\ndation1 reason1 & /&>d ( "r & 
virtue1 e attempt to prove ! moral      
p]fection or attributes ( ,god is       
absurd4 ,"h1 !n1 ,edw>ds believes1 t1 to
 rea* ! prim>y f\ndation ( "r & virtue1 
he mu/ n take ,god's ^w z to 8 p]fection
 or attributes1 no matt] h[ fully ,god  
may h prov$ 8 ^w3 no2 b he1 ,edw>ds1 he1
 man1 mu/ fir/ prove !m 9 "s o!r way4   
,&1 ( c\rse1 he believes he c rea* su*  
prim>y f\ndation by su* o!r pro(4 ,well1
 let u see h[ he goes ab\t x4 ,i give   
him1 to try 8 h&1 ! easie/              
attribute1--,,p[]4 ,i give him1 !n1 all 
creation1 & provid5ce besides1 z 8      
black-bo>d1 on :i* to "w 8 demon/ration4
 ,i give him1 !n1 ! lifetime (          
,me?uselah1 9 :i* to rea* 8 conclusion (

 pro(4--,well1 ,i w n[ suppose we h all 
liv$ & wait$ t long "t3 :at is 8 pro(   
,,( ,,inf9ite ,,p[]8 ,has he f\nd !     
,,exhibition ( inf9ite p[]8 ,no4 ,he has
 f\nd pro( ( ,,great ,,p[]2 b he has n  
rea*$ ! ,,display ( inf9ite p[]4 ,:at !n
 is 8 fai? 9 inf9ite p[] aft] su* pro(8 
,:y1 j ?is3 he ,,inf]s only1 t ,,!      
,,p[]1 :i* did ! ?+s he sees1 c g on1 & 
on1 & on1 to give great]1 & great]1 &   
great] manife/ations ( itself6 ,,v      
,,good3 if s be1 we c h no bett] pro(4  
,b t ,,pro( is inf9itely bel[ ,,absolute
 ,,pro( ( inf9ite p[]4 ,& all           
manife/ations ( p[] to a f9ite creature1
 ev5 to ! ar*angel ,mi*ael1 dur+        
c\ntless millions ( ages1 nev] gives1   
because x nev] c give to him1 ,,absolute
 ,,pro( ( inf9ite p[]4 ,b ! ^w ( ,,god  
gives ! ,,pro( ,,absolute1 & 9 a mom5t (
 "t6 ,i ,,am ,,! ,,almighty6 ,! p]fect  
pro( is 9 ,,t ,,^w ,,( ,,god4  ,i might 
set ,edw>ds to "w to prove ! inf9ite    
wisdom1 ! inf9ite b5evol5ce1 ! inf9ite  
hol9ess--yea1 ! ,,exi/5ce--( ,god4 ,&   

he1 f9ite man1 9 any exam9ation (       
creation or provid5ce1 mu/ fall         
inf9itely bel[ ! ,,p]fect ,,pro(4  ,s !n
 ,i tell ,edw>ds1 & all agree+ ) him1 t 
x is absurd to attempt to prove ! moral 
p]fection & attributes ( ,god1 if he    
!reby seeks to rea* ! ,,highe/          
,,evid5ce1 or if he !reby means to f9d !
 ,,prim>y ,,gr\nd ( moral obligation4   
,d ,i !n tea* t man %\ld n seek ! pro(  
!re is1 ( ! p]fection & attributes (    
,god1 9 nature & provid5ce8 ,no4 ,i hold
 t su* pro( unfolds ! mean+ ( ! ,,facts 
decl>$ 9 ! ,,^w ( ,god1 & is            
all-important1 z su* expansion ( mean+4 
,b ,i say1 by au?ority ( ! ,ma/]1 t !   
highe/ pro(1 ! absolute pro(1 ! p]fect  
pro(1 ( ! ,,facts z to :o ,god is1 & :at
 he does1 & ! ,,prim>y ,,obligation     
!reupon1 is 9 ! ,,reveal$ ,,^w4  ,,fr$4 
,a4 ,,ross4  ,huntsville1 ,ala41 ,april 
#c1 #aheg4  ,n4,b4--,9 notice ( la/     
,witness's extract f ,ersk9e1 ,i rem>k t
 ,?omas ,ersk9e 01 & may yet be1 a lawy]
 ( ,ed9burgh4 ,he wrote ?ree works3--"o 

on ! ,int]nal ,evid5ces1 ! next on      
,fai?1 ! la/ on ! ,fre5ess ( ! ,gospel4 
,!y are all writt5 ) great ability1 &   
conta9 mu* tru?4 ,b all h 9 !m          
fundam5tal untru?s4 ,!re is lea/ 9 !    
,evid5ces2 m 9 ! essay on ,fai?2 mo/ 9 !
 tract on ! ,fre5ess ( ! ,gospel1--:i*  
la/ has be5 utt]ly refut$1 & has pass$  
away4 ,8 ,fai? is1 also1 n republi%$4 ,!
 ,evid5ces is good1 l good m51 not)/&+ !
 evil4     ,lett]s to ,rev4 ,a4 ,b>nes4 
,introduction4    ,z "p ( ! great slav]y
 discussion1 ,rev4 ,a4 ,b>nes1 (        
,philadelphia1 publi%$1 9 ,octob]1      
#ahef1 a pamphlet1 entitl$1 ,! ,,*ur* & 
,,slav]y4 ,9 ?is tract he invites e man 
to utt] 8 views on ! subject4 ,&1 sett+ 
! example1 he speaks 8 own ) ! greate/  
fre$om & hone/y4  ,9 ! same fre$om (    
spee*1 ,i h consid]$ 8 views            
unscriptural1 false1 fanatical1 &       
infidel4 ,!re=e1 :ile ,i hold him 9 !   
highe/ respect1 e/eem1 & affection1 z a 
div9e & ,*ri/ian g5tleman1 & *]i% 8 pa/ 
relations to me1 yet ,i h 9 ^! lett]s   

writt5 to him1 & ( him1 j z ,i w\ld h   
done _h he liv$ 9 ,france or ,g]many1 a 
/rang] to me1 & giv5 to ! _w ! ref9$    
sc(f ( ! "o1 or ! muddy transc5d5talism 
( ! o!r4  ,my fir/ lett] is m]ely a     
glance at "s ?+s 9 8 pamphlet1 9 :i* ,i 
%[ :]e9 ,i agree & disagree ) him1--i4e4
 9 our e/imate ( ! results ( !          
agitation2 9 our views ( ! ,decl>ation (
 ,indep5d5ce2 9 our belief ( ! way m5   
are made infidels2 & 9 our appreciation 
( ! te/imonies ( pa/ ,g5]al ,assemblies4
  ,! o!r lett]s ,i w notice 9 simil>    
introductions4  ,^! lett]s fir/ appe>$ z
 orig9al contributions to ! ,*ri/ian    
,obs]v]1 publi%$ & edit$ by ,dr4 ,a4    
,conv]se1 ,philadelphia4  ,i take ?is   
occasion to express my reg>d = him1 & my
 s5se ( ! ability ) :i* he has long     
ma9ta9$ ! rights & int]e/s ( !          
,presbyt]ian body1 to :i* we bo? belong2
 & ! wise & ma/]ly way 9 :i* he has     
v9dicat$1 f ! ,bible1 ! tru? on ! slav]y
 "q4 ,to him1 too1 ! public is indebt$ =
 ! fir/ exhibition ( ,mr4 ,b>nes's      

errors 9 8 rec5t tract :i* has call$ =? 
my reply4     ,no4 ,i4    ,rev4 ,a4     
,b>nes3--  ,de> ,sir3--,y h rec5tly     
publi%$ a tract3--,! ,*ur* & ,slav]y4   
,! op9ion ( ea* individual1 y rem>k1    
contributes to =m public s5tim5t1 z !   
labor ( ! animalcule 9 ! ocean          
contributes to ! coral reefs t rise     
above ! waves4  ,true1 sir1 &           
beautifully express$4 ,b :ile1 9 h>mony 
) y\r intimation1 ,i mu/ reg>d y "o ( ! 
animalcules1 re>+ ! coral reef ( public 
op9ion1 ,i _c admit y\r disclaim] (     
special influ5ce among !m 9 _! "w4      
,d\btless1 sir1 y h special influ5ce1--&
 des]ve to h4 ,i make no apology =      
address+ y4 ,i am "o ( ! animalcules4   
,i agree1 & ,i disagree1 ) y4 ,i        
h>monize 9 y\r words1--,! pres5t is     
em95tly a "t :5 ! views ( e man on !    
subject ( slav]y %\ld be utt]$ 9        
unambigu\s tones4 ,i agree ) y 9 ?is    
affirmation2 because ! subject has yet  
to be fully und]/ood2 because1 :5       
und]/ood1 if ,,! ,,bible does n sanction

 ! sy/em1 ! ,,ma/] mu/ cease to be !    
ma/]4 ,! ,,slave mu/ cease to be !      
slave4 ,he mu/ be free1 ,,& ,,equal ,,9 
,,political ,,& ,,social ,,life4 ,t is  
y\r unambigu\s tone4 ,let x be he>d1 if 
t is ! ^w ( ,god4  ,b if ,,! ,,bible    
does sanction ! sy/em1 !n t unambigu\s  
tone w sil5ce abolitioni/s :o admit !   
,scriptures2 x w satisfy all good m51 & 
give peace to ! c\ntry4 ,t is ! tone ,i 
want m5 to he>4 ,li/5 to x 9 ! pa/ &    
pres5t spee* ( provid5ce4 ,! "t 0 :5 y  
_h ! v public s5tim5t y are n[ try+ to  
=m4 ,f ,ma9e to ,l\isiana1 ! ,am]ican   
m9d 0 s(tly yield+ to ! impress (       
emancipation1 9 "s hope1 h[ev] vague &  
imag9>y4 ,s\!rn z well z ,nor!rn m51 9 !
 *ur* & out ( x1 n hav+ suffici5tly     
/udi$ ! ^w ( ,god1 &1 "u our own & ,fr5*
 revolution>y excitem5t1 look+ only at !
 evils ( slav]y1 wi%$ x away f ! l&4 ,x 
0 a mi/ak5 public s5tim5t4 ,yet1 su* z x
 01 y _h x1 & x 0 do+ y\r "w4 ,x 0      
,quak]-l1 mild & affectionate4 ,x did n1
 h[ev]1 "w fa/ en\gh = y4 ,y ?\ght t !  

negro1 ) 8 sup]ior attributes ( body &  
m9d & high] advantages ( ! n9ete5?      
c5tury1 might rea*1 9 a day1 ! lib]ty & 
equality :i* ! ,anglo-,am]ican _h atta9$
 aft] ! /ruggle ( 8 ance/ors dur+ a ?\s&
 ye>s6 ,y got up ! agitation4 ,y got x  
up 9 ! ,*ur* & ,/ate4 ,y got x up ov] ! 
l5g? & bread? ( ?is :ole l&4 ,let me %[ 
y "s ?+s y h secur$1 z ! results ( y\r  
"w4    ,fir/ ,result ( ,agitation4   #a4
 ,! mo/ consi/5t abolitioni/s1 affirm+ !
 s9 ( slav]y1 on ! maxim ( creat$       
equality & unali5able "r1 aft] tortur+ !
 ,bible = a :ile1 to make x give ! same 
te/imony1 felt !y c\ld get no?+ f !     
book4 ,!y felt t ! ,god ( ! ,bible      
disreg>d$ ! ?umb-screw1 ! boot1 & !     
:eel2 t he w\ld n speak = !m1 b aga9/   
!m4 ,^! consi/5t m5 h n[ turn$ away f ! 
^w1 9 despond5cy2 & are seek+1 some:]e1 
an abolition ,bible1 an abolition       
,con/itution = ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & an    
abolition ,god4  ,?is1 sir1 is ! fir/   
result ( y\r agitation3--! v van ( y\r  
attack repuls$1 & driv5 into infidelity4

    ,a ,second ,result ( ,agitation4    
#b4 ,_m o!rs1 & y among !m1 are try+ 9  
exactly ! same way j m5tion$ to make !  
,bible speak aga9/ slave-hold+4 ,y get  
no?+ by tortur+ ! ,engli% v]sion4 ,p    
und]/& ,engli%4 ,nay1 y get little by   
apply+ ! rack to ! ,hebrew & ,greek2 ev5
 be=e a tribunal ( m5 l y1 :o proclaim  
be=eh& t ,moses1 9 ,hebrew1 & ,paul1 9  
,greek1 mu/ condemn slav]y because x is 
a violation ( ! fir/ s5tim5ts ( !       
,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce4 ,y f9d x     
difficult to p]suade m5 t ,moses & ,paul
 7 mov$ by ! ,holy ,gho/ to sanction !  
philosophy ( ,?omas ,jeff]son6 ,y f9d x 
h>d to make m5 believe t ,moses saw 9 ! 
m\nt1 & ,paul _h vision 9 heav51 t ?is  
future apo/le ( ,lib]ty 0 inspir$ by    
,jesus ,*ri/4  ,y torture v sev]ely4 ,b 
! muscles & bones ( ^? old m5 are t\gh &
 /rong4 ,!y won't yield "u y\r t]rible  
wr5*+s4 ,y get only groans & mutt]+s4 ,y
 claim ^! voices1 ,i "k1 z te/imony     
aga9/ slav]y4 ,b y _c torture 9 secret z
 9 old5 times4 ,:5 putt+ ! "q1 y h to   

let m5 be pres5t1--:o tell u t ,moses & 
,paul won't speak = y1--t !y are sil5t1 
l ,*ri/ be=e ,pilate's sc\rg+-m52 or1 9 
groans & mutt]+s1--! voices ( _! sorr[ &
 ! tones ( _! indignation1--!y rebuke   
y\r pre-judgm5t ( ! ,almighty :5 y say  
if ! ,bible sanctions slav]y1 x nei!r   
ought to be nor c\ld be receiv$ by      
mank9d z a div9e revelation4  ,?is1 sir1
 is ! second result y h ga9$ by y\r     
agitation4 ,y h br\ght a ?\s& ,nor!rn   
m9i/]s ( ! gospel1 ) y\rself1 to ! v]ge 
( ! same d5ial ( ! ^w ( ,god :i* !y h   
made1 :o are only a little ahead ( y 9 !
 road y are travell+4    ,a ,?ird       
,result ( ,agitation4   #c4 ,mean:ile1  
_m ( y\r mo/ pi\s m51 s\nde/ s*ol>s1 &  
sagaci\s obs]v]s ( provid5ce1 h be5 l$  
to /udy ! ,bible m fai?fully 9 ! light (
 ! times4 ,& !y are read+ x m & m 9     
h>mony ) ! views :i* h be5 rea*$ by !   
highe/ ,s\!rn m9ds1 to wit3--,t !       
relation ( ma/] & slave is sanction$ by 
! ,bible2--t x is a relation belong+ to 
! same category z ^? ( husb& & wife1    

p>5t & *ild1 ma/] & appr5tice1 ma/] &   
hirel+2--t ! relations ( husb& & wife1  
p>5t & *ild1 7 orda9$ 9 ,ed5 = man1 z   
man1 & modifi$ aft] ! fall1 :ile !      
relation ( slav]y1 z a sy/em ( labor1 is
 only "o =m ( ! gov]nm5t orda9$ ( ,god  
ov] fall5 & degrad$ man2--t ! evils 9 ! 
sy/em are ! same evils ( ,,oppression we
 see 9 ! relation ( husb& & wife1 & all 
o!r =ms ( gov]nm5t2--t slav]y1 z a      
relation1 suit$ to ! m degrad$ or ! m   
ignorant & helpless types ( a sunk5     
humanity1 is1 l all gov]nm5t1 int5d$ z !
 pro( ( ! curse ( su* degradation1 & at 
! same "t to elevate & bless2--t !      
relation ( husb& & wife1 be+ = man1 z   
man1 w ev] be ov] him1 :ile slav]y w    
rema9 s long z ,god sees x be/1 z a     
controll+ p[] ov] ! ignorant1 ! m       
degrad$ & helpless2--& t1 :5 he sees x =
 ! good ( ! c\ntry1 he w cause x to pass
 away1 if ! slave c be elevat$ to lib]ty
 & equality1 political & social1 ) 8    
ma/]1 9 t c\ntry2 or out ( t c\ntry1 if 
su* elevation _c be giv5 !re91 b may be 

realiz$ 9 "s o!r l&3 all :i* result mu/ 
be left to ! unfold+s ( ! div9e w1 9    
h>mony ) ! ,bible1 & n to a             
newly-discov]$ disp5sation4 ,^! facts   
are v9dicat$ 9 ! ,bible & ,provid5ce4 ,9
 ! ,old ,te/am5t1 !y />e y 9 ! face3--9 
! family ( ,abraham1--9 8 slaves1 b\ght 
) 8 money & born 9 8 h\se1--9 ,hag>1    
runn+ away "u h] mi/ress's h>d deal+ )  
h]1 & yet s5t back1 z a fugitive slave1 
by ! angel1--9 ! law :i* au?oriz$ !     
,hebrews to hold _! bre?r5 z slaves = a 
"t1--9 :i* p>5ts might sell _! *ildr5   
into bondage1--9 :i* ! hea!n 7 giv5 to !
 ,hebrews z _! slaves =ev]1--9 :i*      
slaves 7 consid]$ s mu* ! money ( _!    
ma/]1 t ! ma/] :o kill$ "o by an ungu>d$
 bl[ 01 "u c]ta9 circum/ances1          
suffici5tly puni%$ 9 8 slave's dea?1    
because he !reby lo/ 8 money1--9 :i* !  
diff]5ce betwe5 man-/eal+ & slave-hold+ 
is1 by law1 set =?1--9 :i* ! runaway f  
hea!n ma/]s may n be re/or$1 because    
,god gave him ! b5efits ( an adopt$     
,hebrew4 ,9 ! ,new ,te/am5t3--:]e9 !    

slav]y ( ,greece & ,rome 0 recognis$1--9
 ! obligations laid on ma/] & slave1--9 
! close connection ( ?is obligation ) ! 
duties ( husb& & wife1 p>5t & *ild1--9 !
 obligation to return ! fugitive slave  
to 8 ma/]1--& 9 ! condemnation ( e      
abolition pr9ciple1 ,,z ,,de/itute ,,(  
,,! ,,tru?4 7#a ,tim4 vi4 #a-e47  ,?is  
view ( slav]y is becom+ m & m1 n only ! 
settl$ decision ( ! ,s\!rn b ( ! be/    
,nor!rn m9d1 ) a movem5t s /rong t y h  
be5 />tl$ by x to write ! pamphlet n[   
ly+ be=e me4  ,?is is ! ?ird result y h 
secur$3--to make _m ( ! be/ m5 9 ! ,nor?
 see ! infidelity ( y\r philosophy1     
falsely s call$1 on ! subject ( slav]y1 
9 ! cle>] & cle>] light ( ! ,scriptures4
    ,ano!r ,result ( ,agitation4   #d4  
,! ,s\!rn slave-hold] is n[ satisfi$1 z 
nev] be=e1 t ! relation ( ma/] & slave  
is sanction$ by ! ,bible2 & he feels1 z 
nev] be=e1 ! obligations ( ! ^w ( ,god4 
,he no long]1 9 8 ignorance ( !         
,scriptures1 & afraid ( its tea*+s1 w   
seek to def5d 8 common-s5se op9ions (   

slav]y by argum5ts drawn f ,types (     
,mank9d1 & o!r infidel !ories2 b he w   
look1 9 ! light ( ! ,bible1 on all !    
good & evil 9 ! sy/em4 ,& :5 ! ,nor?1 z 
x w1 %all reg>d him hold+ f ,god ?is    
high p[] = great good1--:5 ! ,nor? %all 
no m curse1 b bid him ,god-spe$1--!n he 
w bless himself & 8 slave1 9 nobl]      
b5evol5ce4 ,) no false ideas ( creat$   
equality & unali5able "r1 b ) ! ,bible 9
 8 he>t & h&1 he w d ju/ice & love m]cy 
9 high] & high] rule4 ,e evil w be      
remov$1 & ! negro w be elevat$ to !     
highe/ atta9m5ts he c make1 & be prep>$ 
= :atev] de/9y ,god int5ds4 ,?is1 sir1  
is ! f\r? result ( y\r agitation3--to   
make ! ,s\!rn ma/] "k1 f ! ,bible1 8 "r 
to be a ma/]1 & 8 duty to 8 slave4  ,^! 
f\r results are s fully be=e y1 t ,i ?9k
 y mu/ see & feel !m4 ,y h br\ght out1  
besides1 trem5d\s political consequ5ces1
 giv+ a/oni%+ gr[? & spread to ! slave  
p[]3 on ^! ,i _c dwell4 ,sir1 are y     
satisfi$ ) ^! consequ5ces ( ! agitation 
y h gott5 up8 ,i am4 ,i ?ank ,god t !   

great deep ( ! ,am]ican m9d has be5 bl[n
 ^u by ! w9d ( abolitionism4 ,i rejoice 
t ! /agnant wat] ( t ,am]ican m9d has   
be5 s greatly purifi$4 ,i rejoice t !   
infidelity & ! semi-infidelity s long   
lat5t h be5 set free4 ,i rejoice t !    
sob] s5se ,nor? & ,s\?1 s /rangely      
asleep & sil5t1 has ris5 up to he> ! ^w 
( ,god & to speak x to ! l&4 ,i rejoice 
t all ! ,s\? n[ "k t ,god gives ! "r to 
hold slaves1 &1 ) t "r1 obligations !y  
mu/ fulfil4 ,i rejoice t ! day has dawn$
 9 :i* ! ,nor? & ,s\? w ?9k & feel & act
 toge!r on ! subject ( slav]y4 ,i ?ank  
,god = ! agitation4 ,may he =give !     
folly & wick$ness ( _m :o h gott5 x up6 
,may he reveal m & m1 t surely ! wra? ( 
man %all praise him1 :ile ! rema9d] (   
wra? he w re/ra96    ,decl>ation (      
,indep5d5ce4   ,i agree ) y1 sir1 t !   
second p>agraph ( ! ,decl>ation (       
,indep5d5ce conta9s five affirmations1  
decl>$ to be self-evid5t tru?s1 :i*1 if 
tru?s1 d su/a9 y & all abolitioni/s 9 e 
?+ y say z to ! "r ( ! negro to lib]ty2 

& n only to lib]ty1--to equality1       
political & social4 ,b ,i disagree ) y z
 to _! tru?1 & ,i say t n "o ( said     
affirmations is a self-evid5t tru?1 or a
 tru? at all4 ,on ! contr>y1 t ea* "o is
 contr>y to ! ,bible2 t ea* "o1         
sep>ately1 is d5i$2 & t all five1       
collectively1 are d5i$ & upset by !     
,bible1 by ! natural hi/ory ( man1 & by 
provid5ce1 9 e age ( ! _w4 ,i say ?is   
n[4 ,9 a subsequ5t communication1 ,i w  
prove :at ,i affirm4 ,= ! pres5t ,i     
m]ely add1 t ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce
 /&s 9 no ne$ ( ^! false affirmations4  
,x 01 & is1 a beautiful :ole )\t !m4 ,x 
01 & is1 )\t ^! imag9>y maxims1 ! simple
 /atem5t ( ! grievances ! colonies _h   
borne f ! "m-c\ntry1 & _! "r z colonies1
 :5 ?us oppress$1 to decl>e !mselves    
indep5d5t4 ,t is to say1 ! "r giv5 (    
,god to oppress$ *ildr5 to seek         
protection 9 ano!r family1 or to set up 
= !mselves some:at be=e tw5ty-"o or     
natural maturity2 "r belong+ to !m 9 !  
,briti% family2 "r sanction$ ( ,god2 "r 

bless$ ( ,god1 9 ! resi/ance ( !        
colonies z colonies--n z individual     
m5--to ! attempt ( ! "m-c\ntry to       
consummate h] tyranny4 ,b ,god gives no 
sanction to ! affirmation t he has      
creat$ all m5 equal2 t ?is is           
self-evid5t1 & t he has giv5 !m         
unali5able rights2 t he has made        
gov]nm5t to d]ive its p[] solely f _!   
cons5t1 & t he has giv5 !m ! "r to *ange
 t gov]nm5t 9 _! m]e pleasure4 ,all     
?is--e ^w ( x1 e jot & tittle--is !     
lib]ty & equality claim$ by infidelity4 
,god has curs$ x sev5 times 9 ,france   
s9ce #agic2 & he w curse x !re sev5ty   
times sev51 if ,fr5*m5 pref] to be pe/l$
 s (t5 9 ,solomon's mort>4 ,he has curs$
 x 9 ,prussia1 ,au/ria1 ,g]many1 ,italy1
 ,spa94 ,he w curse x z long z "t1 :e!r 
x is affirm$ by ,jeff]son1 ,pa9e1       
,robespi]re1 ,l$ru ,roll91 ,kossu?1     
,greeley1 ,g>rison1 or ,b>nes4  ,sir1 t 
p>agraph is an excresc5ce on ! tree (   
our lib]ty4 ,i pray y take x away4      
,wor%ip x if y w1 & 9 a mann] imitate ! 

,druid4 ,he gave rev]5ce to ! mi/letoe1 
b fir/ he remov$ ! p>asite f ! noble    
tree4 ,d y ! same4 ,cut away ?is        
mi/letoe ) gold5 knife1 z did ! ,druid2 
en%r9e its imag9>y div9ity 9 a grove or 
cave2 !n retire !re1 & leave our oak to 
/& 9 its glory 9 ! light ( heav54 ,m5 h 
be5 afraid to say all ?is = ye>s1 j z !y
 h be5 timid to ass]t t ,god has plac$  
ma/] & slave 9 ! same relation z husb& &
 wife4 ,public s5tim5t1 :i* y once _h & 
h lo/1 suppress$ ?is utt]ance z ! o!r4  
,b n[1 m5 speak out2 & ,i1 = "o1 w tell 
y :at ! ,bible reveals z to t "p ( !    
,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce1 z fe>lessly z
 ,i tell y :at x says ( ! sy/em (       
slav]y4    ,h[ ,m5 are made ,infidels4  
,i agree ) y t "s m5 h be51 are1 & w be1
 made infidels by he>+ t ,god has orda9$
 slav]y z "o =m ( 8 gov]nm5t ov] deprav$
 mank9d4 ,b h[ does ?is fact prove t !  
,bible does n sanction slav]y8 ,:y1 sir1
 y h be5 all y\r life tea*+ t "s m5 are 
made infidels by he>+ any tru? ( !      
,bible2--t "s m5 are made infidels by   

he>+ ! ,tr9ity1 ,depravity1 ,atonem5t1  
,div9ity ( ,*ri/1 ,resurrection1 ,et]nal
 ,puni%m5t4 ,true3 & ^! m5 f9d great    
laws ( _! nature1--in/9ctive feel+s--j  
su* z y f9d aga9/ slav]y1 & n m p]v]t$ 9
 !m ?an 9 y1 condemn+ all ?is ,bible4 ,&
 !y hold n[1 ) y\r sanction1 t a book   
affirm+ su* facts _c be f ,god4  ,sir1  
"s m5 are made infidels by he>+ ! ,t5   
,comm&m5ts1 & !y f9d great laws ( _!    
nature1 z /rong 9 !m z y\rs 9 y aga9/   
slav]y1 w>r+ aga9/ e "o ( ^! comm&m5ts4 
,& !y decl>e n[1 ) y\r au?ority1 t a    
book impos+ su* re/ra9ts ^u human       
nature1 _c be f ,god ,sir1 :at is x     
makes infidels8 ,y h be5 wont to answ]1 
,!y w n h ,god to rule ov] !m4 ,!y w n h
 ! ,,bible to control ! great laws ( _! 
nature4 ,sir1 t is ! true answ]4 ,& y "k
 t ! great in/9ct ( lib]ty is only "o ( 
?ree great laws1 ne$+ special tea*+ &   
gov]nm5t3--t is to say1 ! in/9ct to     
rule2 ! in/9ct to submit to be rul$2 & !
 in/9ct = lib]ty4 ,y "k1 too1 t ! in/9ct
 to submit is ! /ronge/1 ! in/9ct to    

rule is next1 & t ! aspiration = lib]ty 
is ! weake/4 ,h5ce y "k ! ov]:elm+      
majority ( m5 h ev] be5 will+ to be     
slaves2 ma/]s h be5 next 9 numb]2 :ile !
 few h /ruggl$ = fre$om4  ,! ,bible1 !n1
 9 proclaim+ ,god's w z to ^! ?ree great
 impulses1 w be reject$ by m51 exactly z
 !y h yield$ =bidd5 control to ! "o or !
 o!r ( !m4 ,! ,bible w make infidels (  
ma/]s1 :5 ,god calls to !m to rule "r1  
or to give up rule1 if !y h all[$ !     
in/9ct ( p[] to make !m hate ,god's     
au?ority4 ,ph>aoh spoke = all infidel   
rul]s :5 he said1 ,:o is ! ,"l t ,i %\ld
 obey 8 voice8  ,! ,bible w make        
infidels ( slaves1 :5 ,god calls to !m  
to aspire to be free1 if !y h p]mitt$ ! 
in/9ct ( submission to make !m hate 8   
comm&s4 ,! ,israelites 9 ! wild]ness    
reveal$ t5 times1 9 _! murmur+1 !       
slave-in/9ct 9 all ages3--,w\ld to ,god 
we _h di$ 9 ! wild]ness6  ,y "k all ?is1
 & y condemn ^! infidels4 ,good4  ,b1   
sir1 y "k equally well t ! ,bible w make
 infidels ( m5 affirm+ ! in/9ct (       

lib]ty1 :5 ,god calls !m to le>n ( him  
h[ mu* lib]ty he gives1 & h[ he gives x1
 & :5 he gives x1 if !y h s yield$ to   
?is law ( _! nature z to make !m despise
 ! ^w ( ! ,"l4 ,sir1 ,korah1 ,da?an1 &  
,abiram spoke out j :at !               
lib]ty-&-equality m5 h said 9 all       
"t3--,ye1 ,moses & ,a>on1 take too mu*  
^u y1 see+ all ! congregation are holy1 
e "o ( !m3 :]e=e1 !n1 lift ye up        
y\rselves above ! congregation8 ,v]ily1 
sir1 ^! m5 7 int5sely excit$ by ! great 
law ( our nature1--! great in/9ct (     
fre$om4 ,yea1 !y told ,god to 8 face !y 
_h look$ )91 & f\nd ! high] law ( lib]ty
 & equality--! et]nal "r--9 _!          
intuitional consci\sness2 & t !y w\ld n 
submit to 8 w 9 ! elevation ( ,moses &  
,a>on above !m4  ,v]ily1 sir1 y1 9 ! _s 
( ,korah1 n[ proclaim & say1 ,ye ma/]s1 
& ye :ite m5 :o are n ma/]s1 ,nor? &    
,s\?1 ye take too mu* ^u y1 see+ ! negro
 is creat$ y\r equal1 &1 by unali5able  
"r1 is z free z y1 & entitl$ to all y\r 
political & social life4 ,ye take1 !n1  

too mu* ^u y 9 exclud+ him f y\r        
positions ( weal? & honor1 f y\r halls (
 legislation1 & f y\r palace ( ! nation1
 & f y\r spl5did c\*1 & f y\r fair wom5 
) long hair on t c\* & 9 t gild$ *>iot3 
:]e=e1 !n1 lift ye up y\rselves above ! 
negro8  ,v]ily1 sir1 ,korah1 ,da?an1 &  
,abiram said all we h ev] he>d f        
abolition-plat=ms or n[ li/5 to f y4 ,b 
! ,"l made ! e>? swall[ up ,korah1      
,da?an1 & ,abiram6  ,i agree ) y !n1    
sir1 fully1 t "s m5 h be51 are1 & w be1 
made infidels by he>+ t ,god1 9 !       
,bible1 has orda9$ slav]y4 ,b ,i hold   
?is to be no argum5t aga9/ ! fact t !   
,bible does s tea*1 because m5 are made 
infidels by any o!r doctr9e or precept  
!y hate to believe4  ,sir1 no man has   
said all ?is bett] ?an y4 ,& ,i _c      
express my grief t y--9 ! pr9ciple n[   
av[$1 t e man mu/ int]pret ! ,bible z he
 *ooses to reason & feel--sanction all !
 infidelity 9 ! _w1 oblit]ate y\r ,notes
 on ! ,bible1 & d5y ! prea*+ ( y\r :ole 
life1 s f> z ,god may1 9 8 wra?1 p]mit y

 to expunge or recall ! words ( ! wisdom
 ( y\r bett] day4    ,te/imonies (      
,g5]al ,assemblies4   ,i agree ) y t !  
,presbyt]ian ,*ur*1 bo? be=e & s9ce its 
division1 has te/ifi$1 aft] a fa%ion1   
aga9/ slav]y4 ,b "s ( its action has be5
 v curi\s te/imony4 ,i "k n h[ !        
anti-slav]y resolutions ( #ahah 7 gott5 
up2 nor h[ 9 "s ,assemblies s9ce4 ,i c  
guess1 h[ev]1 f :at ,i d "k1 z to h[ su*
 resolutions pass$ 9 ,buffalo 9 #ahec1 &
 9 ,new ,york 9 #ahef4 ,i "k t 9        
,buffalo !y 7 at fir/ vot$ d[n by a l>ge
 majority4 ,!n !y 7 reconsid]$ 9 m]e    
c\rtesy to m5 :o said !y want$ to speak4
 ,s ! resolutions 7 pass$ aft] "s days1 
9 :i* ! screws 7 appli$ & turn$1 9 "p1  
by female h&s1 to save ! *airman ( !    
committee f ! effects ( ! resolutions   
be+ f9ally vot$ d[n6  ,i "k t1 9 ,new   
,york1 ! decision ( ! ,assembly to      
spread ! m9ority report on ! m9utes 0   
consid]$1 9 ! body & out ( x1 z a ,s\!rn
 victory2 = x reveal$1 h[ev] gloss$ ov]1
 t _m 9 ! h\se1 :o c\ld n vote directly 

= ! m9ority report1 did 9 fact pref] x  
to ! o!r4  ,i 0 n 9 ,detroit 9 #ahej2 b 
,i ?9k x 0 e/abli%$ 9 ,new ,york la/    
,may t t ,detroit te/imony 0 s admirably
 word$ t bo? ,s\!rn & ,nor!rn m5 might  
vote = x ) cle> consci5ces6  ,i ne$ n   
pursue ! inve/igation4 ,i admit t1 aft] 
?is sort1 y h ! /ultifi$ ab/ractions ( !
 ,new ,s*ool ,presbyt]ian ,*ur*1--:ile  
,i h its common s5se2 y h its ,delphic  
words1--,i h its actions2 y h !         
traditions ( ! eld]s mak+ void ! ^w (   
,god1--,i h ! provid5ce ( ,god re/ra9+ !
 *ur* f de/roy+ itself & our social     
organization "u folly1 fanaticism1 &    
infidelity4  ,y1 sir1 seem to ackn[l$ge 
?is2 =1 :ile y appe> pleas$ ) ! te/imony
 ( ! ,new ,s*ool ,presbyt]ian ,*ur*1 su*
 z x is1 y lam5t t ! ,old ,s*ool h n be5
 true to ! resolutions ( #ahah1--t1 9 t 
bran* ( ! *ur*1 x is que/ionable :e!r ^?
 resolutions c\ld n[ be adopt$4 ,y lam5t
 ! sil5ce ( ! ,episcopal1 ! ,s\!rn      
,me?odi/1 & ! ,bapti/ d5om9ations2 y    
might add ! ,cumb]l& ,presbyt]ian ,*ur*4

 ,& y "k t 9 ,new ,engl&1 9 ,new ,york1 
& 9 ! ,nor?we/1 _m te/ify aga9/ u z a   
pro-slav]y body4 ,y lam5t t s _m memb]s 
( ! *ur*1 m9i/]s ( ! gospel1 & editors (
 religi\s pap]s1 def5d ! sy/em2 y lam5t 
t s l>ge a "p ( ! religi\s lit]ature ( !
 l&1 ?\gh hav+ its seat ,nor? & su/a9$  
*iefly by ,nor!rn funds1 %[s a p]petual 
def]5ce to ! slave-hold]2 y lam5t t1    
aft] fifty ye>s1 no?+ has be5 done to   
arre/ slav]y2 y lam5t & ask1 ,:y %\ld   
?is be s8 ,9 say+ ?is1 y ackn[l$ge t1   
:ile y h be5 labor+ to get & h rea*$ !  
ab/ract te/imony ( ! *ur*1 all dilut$ z 
x is1 ! common-s5se fact has be5 & is m 
& m br\ght out1 9 ! provid5ce ( ,god1 t 
! slave-p[] has be5 & is ga9+ gr\nd 9 ! 
,unit$ ,/ates4 ,9 "o ^w1 y h contriv$ to
 get1 9 confus$ utt]ance1 ! voice ( !   
,sanh$rim2 :ile ,*ri/ himself has be5   
prea*+ 9 ! /reets ( our ,j]usalem ! true
 mean+ ( slav]y z "o =m ( 8 gov]nm5t ov]
 fall5 m54  ,^!1 !n1 are "s ( ! ?+s ,i  
promis$ to %[ z ! results ( y\r         
agitation4 ,?is is ! tone ( ! pa/ &     

pres5t spee* ( ,provid5ce on ! subject (
 slav]y4 ,y seem di/urb$4 ,i feel sure  
?+s are go+ on well z to t subject4     
,speak on1 !n1 9 unambigu\s tones4 ,b1  
sir1 :5 y desire to g f words to        
actions1--:5 y intimate t ! con/itution 
( ! ,presbyt]ian ,*ur* may be alt]$ to  
p]mit su* action1 or t1 )\t its         
alt]ation1 ! *ur* c deta* itself f      
slav]y by its exi/+ laws or !           
modification ( !m1--!n ,i und]/& y to   
mean t y desire to deal1 9 fact1 )      
slave-hold]s z (f5d]s4 ,!n1 sir1 y mean 
to exsc9d ! ,s\?2 = x is absurd to      
imag9e t y suppose ! ,s\? w submit to   
su* action4 ,y mean1 !n1 to exsc9d !    
,s\?1 or to exsc9d y\rself & o!rs1 or to
 compel ! ,s\? to )draw4 ,y\r tract1 j  
publi%$1 is1 ,i suppose1 int5d$ by y to 
prep>e ! next ,g5]al ,assembly = su*    
movem5t8 ,:at !n8 ,w y make y\r ,am]ican
 ,presbyt]ian1 & y\r ,presbyt]ian ,h\se1
 effect t great *ange 9 ! religi\s      
lit]ature ( ! l& :]eby ! subject (      
slave-hold+ %all be approa*$ precisely z

 y deal ) !ft1 highway-robb]y1 or       
piracy8 ,w y1 !n1 by act ( ,assembly1   
,synod1 ,presbyt]y1 ,session1 d5y y\r   
pulpits1 & communion-bread & w9e1 to    
slave-hold+ m9i/]s1 eld]s1 & memb]s8 ,w 
y1 !n1 tell ,new ,engl&1 & especially   
little ,rhoda1 ,we h purifi$ our skirts 
f ! blood3 =give u1 & take u aga9 to y\r
 love8 ,:at !n8 ,w y !n o/racize ! ,s\? 
& compel ! abolition ( slav]y8 ,sir1 d y
 bid u fe> ^! com+ ev5ts1 ?us ca/+ _!   
%ad[ be=e f ! leaves ( y\r book8  ,sir1 
y may de/roy ! integrity ( ! ,new ,s*ool
 ,presbyt]ian ,*ur*4 ,s mu* evil y may  
d2 b y w h]eby only add imm5sely to !   
great p[] & good ( ! ,old ,s*ool2 & y w 
make disclosures ( ,provid5ce1 unfold+ a
 consummation ( ?+s v diff]5t f ! end y 
wi% to accompli% = y\r c\ntry & ! _w4   
,i write z "o ( ! animalcules contribut+
 to ! coral reef ( public op9ion4  ,f4  
,a4 ,ross4     ,no4 ,,ii4  ,gov]nm5t    
,ov] ,man a ,div9e ,in/itute4    ,?is   
lett] is ! exam9ation & refutation ( !  
infidel !ory ( human gov]nm5t foi/$ into

 ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce4  ,i _h    
writt5 ?is criticism 9 diff]5t =m =     
publication1 be=e ,mr4 ,b>nes's _h      
appe>$4 ,i wrote x to v9dicate my       
affirmation 9 ! ,g5]al ,assembly :i* met
 9 ,new ,york1 ,may la/1 on ?is "p ( !  
,decl>ation4 ,my views 7 maturely =m$1  
aft] ye>s ( reflection1 & weeks--nay    
mon?s--( c>efully-p5n$ writ+4  ,& ?us ^!
 tru?s1 f ! ,bible1 ,provid5ce1 & common
 s5se1 7 l ri* freight1 9 goodly %ip1   
wait+ = ! w9d to sail2 :5 lo1 ,mr4      
,b>nes's abolition-brea? fill$ ! canvas1
 & c>ri$ x out ( port into ! wide1 !    
free1 ! op5 sea ( ,am]ican public ?\ght4
 ,!re x sails4 ,if pirate or o!r ho/ile 
craft comes alongside1 ! good %ip has   
guns4  ,i ask t ?is pap] be c>efully    
read m ?an once1 twice1 or ?ree times4  
,mr4 ,b>nes1 ,i presume1 w n s read x4  
,he is committ$4 ,greeley may notice x )
 8 sp>kl+ wit1 albeit he has too mu*    
s5se to grapple ) its argum5t4 ,!       
,evangeli/-man w say ( x1 :at he w\ld   
say if ,*ri/ 7 ca/+ out devils 9 ,new   

,york1--,he ca/e? out devils ?r\gh      
,beelzebub ! *ief ( ! devils4 ,yea1 ?is 
,evangeli/-man says t my v]sion ( !     
gold5 rule is diabolical2 :5 truly t    
v]sion is ! ^w ( ! ,_s1 z ,*ri/'s ca/+  
out devils 0 ! "w ( ! ,holy ,gho/4      
,g]rett ,smi?1 ,g>rison1 ,gidd+s1 d     
already agree ) me1 t !y are "r if      
,jeff]son spoke ! tru?4 ,yea1 :e!r !    
,bible be true1 is no "q ) !m no m ?an )
 him4 ,yea1 !y hold1 z he did1 t :e!r   
!re be "o ,god or tw5ty1 x matt]s n3 !  
fact ei!r way1 9 m5's m9ds1 nei!r breaks
 ! leg nor picks ! pocket4 7,see        
,jeff]son's ,notes on ,virg9ia47        
,messrs4 ,bee*] & ,*eev] w f9d no?+ 9 me
 to aid !m 9 speak+ to ! mobs ( ,ephesus
 & ,antio*4 ,!y are mak+ %r9es1 & cry+1 
,great is ,diana4 ,mrs4 ,/[e is on !    
,dismal ,swamp1 ) ,dr$ = h] ,*>on1 to   
paddle h] light canoe1 by ! fire-fly    
lamps1 to ! ,limbo ( ,vanity1 ( :i* %e  
is ! que54 ,none ( ^! w read ) att5tion 
or hone/y1 if at all1 ?is exam9ation (  
:at ,r&olph long ago said 0 a fanf>onade

 ( nons5se4 ,^! are all wis] ?an sev5 m5
 t c r5d] a reason4  ,b !re are ?\s&s1  
,nor? & ,s\?1 :o w read ?is refutation1 
& w feel & ackn[l$ge t 9 ! light (      
,god's tru? ! notion ( creat$ equality &
 unali5able "r is falsehood &           
infidelity4    ,rev4 ,a4 ,b>nes3--  ,de>
 ,sir3--,9 my fir/ lett] ,i promis$ to  
prove t ! p>agraph 9 ! ,decl>ation (    
,indep5d5ce1 :i* conta9s ! affirmation (
 creat$ equality & unali5able rights1   
has no sanction f ! ^w ( ,god4 ,i n[    
meet my obligation4  ,! "t has come :5  
civil lib]ty1 z reveal$ 9 ! ,bible & 9  
,provid5ce1 mu/ be re-exam9$1 und]/ood1 
& def5d$ aga9/ infidel !ories ( human   
rights4 ,! slav]y "q has br\ght on ?is  
conflict2 &1 /range z x may seem1 !     
,s\?1 ! l& ( ! slave1 is summon$ by ,god
 to def5d ! lib]ty he gives2 :ile !     
,nor?1 ! clime ( ! free1 misund]/&s &   
*anges ! tru? ( ,god into a lie1--claim+
 a lib]ty he does n give4 ,:]e=e is ?is8
 ,i reply3---  ,god1 :5 he orda9$       
gov]nm5t ov] m51 gave to ! individual   

man ,,rights1 only z he is "u gov]nm5t4 
,he fir/ e/abli%$ ! family2 h5ce all o!r
 rule is m]ely ! family exp&$4 ,! good (
 ! family limit$ ! rights ( e memb]4    
,god requir$ ! family1 & !n ! /ate1 s to
 rule z to give to e memb] ! good :i* is
 81 9 h>mony ) ! welf>e ( ! :ole2 & he  
comm&$ ! individual to seek t good1 &   
,,no ,,m4  ,n[1 mank9d be+ deprav$1     
gov]nm5t has ev] violat$ its obligation 
to rule = ! b5efit ( ! entire community1
 & has wield$ its p[] 9 oppression4     
,consequ5tly1 ! gov]n$ h ev] /ruggl$ to 
secure ! good :i* 0 _! "r4 ,b1 9 ?is    
/ruggle1 !y h ev] be5 tempt$ to g beyond
 ! limitation ,god _h made1 & to seek   
suppos$ good1 n giv51 9 rights1 prompt$ 
by self-w1 de/ructive ( ! /ate4         
,gov]nm5t ?us ev] exi/+ 9 oppression1 & 
p ?us ev] ris+ up aga9/ despotism1 h be5
 ! hi/ory ( mank9d4  ,! ,re=mation 0 "o 
( ! _m convulsions 9 ?is long-cont9u$   
conflict4 ,9 its fir/ movem5ts1 m5      
claim$ ! lib]ty ! ,bible grants4 ,soon  
!y ran into lic5ti\sness4 ,god !n /ay$ !

 fur!r progress ( emancipation 9        
,europe1 because ! spread ( ! ass]t$    
lib]ty w\ld h made infidelity prevail   
ov] t "p ( ! cont95t :]e ! ,re=mation 0 
arre/$4 ,god pref]r$ ,romanism1 & o!r   
despotisms1 modifi$ z !y 7 by ! /ruggle1
 to rule = a "t1 ?an h ^? c\ntries      
de/roy$ "u ! sway ( a lic5ti\s fre$om4  
,9 ?is conte/ ! ,nor? ,am]ican colonies 
_h _! rise1 & !y cont9u$ ! /rife )      
,engl& until !y decl>$ !mselves         
indep5d5t4  ,t ,decl>ation affirm$ n    
only ! lib]ty sanction$ ( ! ,bible1 b   
also ! lib]ty con/itut+ infidelity4 ,its
 fir/ p>agraph1 to ! ^w sep>ation1 is a 
noble introduction4 ,omit1 !n1 :at      
foll[s1 to ! s5t5ce beg9n+ ,prud5ce w   
dictate1 & ! pap]1 ?us expurgat$1 is    
complete1 & is !n simply ! compla9t ( ! 
colonies aga9/ ! gov]nm5t ( ,engl&1 :i* 
_h oppress$ !m beyond fur!r submission1 
& ! ass]tion ( _! "r to be free &       
indep5d5t ,/ates4  ,?is decl>ation 01 9 
t =m1 no?+ m ?an ! affirmation ( ! "r   
,god gives to *ildr51 9 a family1 appli$

 to ! colonies1 9 reg>d to _! "m-c\ntry4
 ,t is to say1 *ildr5 h1 f ,god1 ,,"r1  
,,z ,,*ildr51 :5 cruelly treat$1 to     
secure ! good to :i* !y are entitl$1 z  
*ildr51 ,,9 ,,! ,,family4 ,!y may secure
 ?is good by becom+ "p ( ano!r family1  
or by sett+ up = !mselves1 if old en\gh4
 ,s ! colonies _h1 f ,god1 "r z         
colonies1 :5 oppress$ beyond endurance1 
to ex*ange ! ,briti% family = ano!r1 or1
 if ( suffici5t age1 to e/abli% _! own  
h\sehold4 ,! ,decl>ation1 !n1 9 t       
compla9t ( oppression & affirmation (   
"r1 9 ! colonies1 to be indep5d5t1      
ass]ts lib]ty sanction$ by ! ^w ( ,god4 
,& !re=e ! pl$ge to t ,decl>ation1 (    
lives1 =tune1 & sacr$ honor1 0 bless$ ( 
,heav51 9 ! triumph ( _! cause4  ,b !   
,decl>ation1 9 ! "p ,i h omitt$1 affirms
 o!r ?+s1 & v diff]5t4 ,x ass]ts facts &
 rights z app]ta9+ to man1 n 9 !        
,scriptures1 b contr>y !reto4 ,"h is !  
passage3--    ,we hold ^! tru?s to be   
self-evid5t1--t all m5 are creat$       
equal2 t !y are end[$ by _! ,creator )  

c]ta9   unali5able rights2 t among ^!   
are life1 lib]ty1 & !   pursuit (       
happ9ess4 ,t to secure ^! rights1       
gov]nm5ts are   in/itut$ among m51 d]iv+
 _! j p[]s f ! cons5t (   ! gov]n$2 t   
:5ev] any =m ( gov]nm5t becomes         
de/ructive ( ^! ends1 x is ! "r ( ! p to
 alt] or   aboli% x1 & to in/itute a new
 gov]nm5t1 lay+ its f\ndation   on su*  
pr9ciples1 & organiz+ its p[]s 9 su* =m1
 z to   !m %all seem mo/ likely to      
effect _! safety & happ9ess4  ,?is is ! 
affirmation ( ! lib]ty claim$ by        
infidelity4 ,x tea*es z a fact t :i* is 
n true2 & x claims z "r t :i* ,god has n
 giv54 ,x ass]ts no?+ new1 h[ev]4 ,x    
lays claim to t individual "r beyond !  
limitation ,god has put1 :i* man has ev]
 ass]t$ :5 9 8 /ruggle = lib]ty he has  
refus$ to be guid$ & controll$ by ! ^w &
 provid5ce ( 8 ,creator4  ,! p>agraph is
 a *a9 ( f\r l9ks1 ea* ( :i* is claim$  
to be a self-evid5t tru?4  ,! fir/ &    
controll+ ass]tion is1 t ,,all ,,m5     
,,are ,,creat$ ,,equal2 :i* proposition1

 z ,i und]/& x1 is1 t e man & woman on  
e>? is creat$ ) equal attributes ( body 
& m9d4  ,secondly1 & consequ5tly1 t e   
individual has1 by virtue ( 8 or h] be+ 
creat$ ! equal ( ea* & e o!r individual1
 ! "r to life1 lib]ty1 & ! pursuit (    
happ9ess1 s 9 8 or h] own keep+ t t "r  
is unali5able )\t 8 or h] cons5t4       
,?irdly1 x foll[s1 t gov]nm5t among m5  
mu/ d]ive its j p[]s only f ! cons5t ( !
 gov]n$2 &1 z ! gov]n$ are ! aggregate (
 individuals1 !n ea* p]son mu/ cons5t to
 be ?us controll$ be=e he or %e c be    
rightfully "u su* au?ority4  ,f\r?ly1 & 
f9ally1 t :5ev] any =m ( gov]nm5t       
becomes de/ructive ( ! "r to life1      
lib]ty1 & ! pursuit ( happ9ess1 z ea*   
su* individual man or woman may ?9k1 !n 
ea* su* p]son may rightly set to "w to  
alt] or aboli% su* =m1 & in/itute a new 
gov]nm5t1 on su* pr9ciples & 9 su* =m z 
to !m %all seem mo/ likely to effect _! 
safety & happ9ess4  ,?is is ! celebrat$ 
av]m5t ( creat$ equality1 & unali5able  
"r to life1 lib]ty1 & pursuit (         

happ9ess1 ) ! necess>y consequ5ces4 ,i h
 fairly exp&$ its mean+4 ,x is ! old    
infidel av]m5t4 ,x is n true 9 any "o ( 
its ass]tions4    ,all ,m5 n creat$     
equal4   ,x is n a tru?1 self-evid5t1 t 
all m5 are creat$ equal4 ,web/]1 9 8    
diction>y1 def9es ,self-evid5t--,evid5t 
)\t pro( or reason3 cle> conviction ^u a
 b>e pres5tation to ! m9d1 z t two &    
?ree make five4  ,n[1 ,i affirm1 & y1 ,i
 ?9k1 w n contradict me1 t ! position1  
all m5 are creat$ equal is n            
self-evid5t2 t ! nature ( ! case makes x
 impossible = x to be self-evid5t4 ,= ! 
creat$ nature ( man is n 9 ! class ( ?+s
 ( :i* su* self-evid5t propositions c by
 possibility be pr$icat$4 ,x is equally 
cle> & beyond debate1 t x is n          
self-evid5t t all m5 h unali5able       
rights1 t gov]nm5ts d]ive _! j p[]s f ! 
cons5t ( ! gov]n$1 & may be alt]$ or    
aboli%$ :5ev] to !m su* rights may be   
bett] secur$4 ,all ^! ass]tions c be    
kn[n to be true or false only f         
revelation ( ! ,creator1 or f exam9ation

 & induction ( reason+1 cov]+ ! nature &
 ! obligations ( ! race on ! :ole face (
 ! e>?4 ,:at revelation & exam9ation (  
facts d tea*1 ,i w n[ %[4 ,! :ole       
battle-gr\nd1 z to ! tru? ( ?is s]ies ( 
av]m5ts1 is on ! fir/ affirmation1 t all
 m5 are creat$ equal4 ,or1 to keep up my
 fir/ figure1 ! /r5g? ( ! *a9 ( ass]t$  
tru?s dep5d on t fir/ l9k4 ,x mu/ !n /& 
! foll[+ p]fect trial4  ,god reveals to 
u t he creat$ man 9 8 image1 i4e4 a _s  
end[$ ) attributes resembl+ 8 own1--to  
reason1 to =m rule ( "r1 to manife/     
v>i\s emotions1 to w1 to act1--& t he   
gave him a body suit$ to su* a _s1 7,g54
 i4 #bf1 #bg1 #bh27 t he creat$ ,,man   
male & female1 7,g54 i4 #bg27 t he made 
! woman out ( ! man1 7,g54 ii4 #bc27 t  
he made ! man ! image & glory ( ,god1 b 
! woman ! glory ( ! man4 ,= ! man is n (
 ! woman1 b ! woman ( ! man4 ,nei!r 0 ! 
man creat$ = ! woman1 b ! woman = ! man1
 7#a ,cor4 xi427 t he made ! woman to be
 ! weak] vessel1 7#a ,pet4 iii4 #g47    
,"h1 !n1 ,god creat$ ! race to be 9 !   

beg9n+ ,,two1--a male & a female ,,man2 
"o ( !m n equal to ! o!r 9 attributes ( 
body & m9d1 &1 z we %all see pres5tly1 n
 equal 9 rights z to gov]nm5t4 ,obs]ve1 
?is inequality 0 fact z to ! ,,two1 9 ! 
p]fect /ate :]e9 !y 7 creat$4  ,b ^! two
 fell f t p]fect /ate1 became deprav$1 &
 began to be degrad$ 9 body & m9d4 ,?is 
/atem5t ( ! orig9al inequality 9 :i* man
 0 creat$ controls all t comes aft]1 9  
,god's provid5ce & 9 ! natural hi/ory ( 
! race4  ,provid5ce1 9 its compreh5sive 
tea*+1 says t ,god1 soon aft] ! flood1  
subject$ ! races to all ! influ5ces ( ! 
diff]5t zones ( ! e>?2--,t he ha? made (
 "o blood all nations ( m5 = to dwell on
 all ! face ( ! e>?1 & ha? det]m9$ !    
times be=e appo9t$ & ! b\nds ( _!       
habitation2 t !y %\ld seek ! ,"l if     
haply !y might feel aft] him & f9d him1 
?\gh he be n f> f e "o ( u4 7,acts xvii4
 #bf1 #bg47  ,^! b\nds ( _! habitation h
 _h mu* to d 9 ! natural hi/ory ( man2 =
 all m5 h be5 creat$1 or1 m correctly1  
born1 7s9ce ! race 0 creat$ once only at

 ! fir/17 ) attributes ( body & m9d     
d]iv$ f ! ,,two unequal p>5ts1 & ^!     
attributes1 9 e individual1 ! comb9$    
result ( ! p>5tal natures4 ,all m51 !n1 
come into ! _w "u influ5ces ^u !        
amalgamat$ & transmitt$ body & m9d1 f   
depravity & degradation1 s5t d[n dur+   
all ! g5]ations pa/2 &1 !re=e1 "u causes
 ( inequality1 act+ on ea* individual f 
climate1 f sc5]y1 f food1 f heal?1 f    
sickness1 f love1 f hatr$1 f gov]nm5t1  
inconceivable 9 v>iety & p[]4 ,"u su*   
causes1 to produce inf9ite %ades (      
inequality1 physical & m5tal1 9 bir?--if
 all m5 7 creat$ equal 7i4e4 born equal7
 9 attributes ( body & m9d--su* creation
 w\ld be a violation ( all ! kn[n       
analogies 9 ! _w ( life4  ,d1 !n1 !     
facts 9 man's natural hi/ory exhibit ?is
 dep>ture f ! laws ( life & _s8 ,d !y   
prove t all m5 are creat$ equal8 ,d !y  
%[ t e man & e woman ( ,africa1 ,asia1  
,europe1 ,am]ica1 & ! isl&s ( ! seas1 is
 creat$ ea* "o equal 9 body & m9d to ea*
 o!r man or woman on ! face ( ! e>?1 & t

 ?is has always be58  ,ne$ ,i ext5d ^!  
que/ions8 ,me?9ks1 sir1 ,i he> y say1   
:at o!rs h told me1 t ! ,decl>ation is n
 to be und]/ood z affirm+ :at is s      
cle>ly false1 b m]ely ass]ts t all m5   
are creat$ equal 9 natural rights4  ,i  
reply t t is n ! mean+ ( ! clause be=e  
u2 = t is ! mean+ ( ! next s5t5ce1--!   
second 9 ! s]ies we are consid]+4  ,!re 
are1 z ,i h said1 f\r l9ks to ! *a9 (   
?\ght 9 ?is passage3--#a4 ,t all m5 are 
creat$ equal4 #b4 ,t !y are end[$ by !  
,creator ) c]ta9 unali5able rights4 #c4 
,t gov]nm5t d]ives its j p[]s f ! cons5t
 ( ! gov]n$4 #d4 ,t ! p may alt] &      
aboli% x1 c4  ,^! l9ks are logical      
sequ5ces4 ,all m5--man & woman--are     
creat$ equal1--equal 9 attributes ( body
 & m9d2 7= t is ! only s5se 9 :i* !y    
c\ld be creat$ equal27 !re=e !y are     
end[$ ) "r to life1 lib]ty1 & pursuit ( 
happ9ess1 unali5able1 except 9 _!       
cons5t2 consequ5tly su* cons5t is       
ess5tial to all rightful gov]nm5t2 &1   
f9ally & irresi/ibly1 ! p h supreme "r  

to alt] or aboli% x1 c4  ,! mean+1 !n1  
,i give to t fir/ l9k1 & to ! *a9       
foll[+1 is ! s5se1 because1 if y d5y t  
mean+ to ! fir/ l9k1 !n ! o!rs h no     
logical tru? :atev]4 ,?us3--  ,if all m5
 are n creat$ equal 9 attributes ( body 
& m9d1 !n ! inequality may be s great t 
su* m5 _c be end[$ ) "r to life1 lib]ty1
 & pursuit ( happ9ess1 unali5able save 9
 _! cons5t2 !n gov]nm5t ov] su* m5 _c   
rightfully re/ ^u _! cons5t2 nor c !y h 
"r to alt] or aboli% gov]nm5t 9 _! m]e  
det]m9ation4  ,yea1 sir1 y conc$e e ?+  
if y admit t ! ,decl>ation does n mean  
to affirm t all m5 are creat$ equal 9   
body & m9d4  ,i w suppose 9 ! ,alps a   
community ( ,cret9s1--i4e4 de=m$ &      
helpless idiots1--b among !m _m f ! same
 p>5ts1 :o1 9 body & m9d1 by bir? are   
comp>atively ,napoleons4 ,n[1 ?is       
inequality1 physical & m5tal1 by bir?1  
makes x impossible t ! gov]nm5t ov] ^!  
,cret9s c be 9 _! cons5t4 ,! ,napoleons 
mu/ rule4 ,! ,napoleons mu/ absolutely  
control _! life1 lib]ty1 & pursuit (    

happ9ess1 = ! good ( ! community4 ,d y  
reply t ,i h tak5 an extreme case8 t    
ev]ybody admits s5sible p mu/ gov]n     
natural fools8 ,ay1 sir1 !re is ! rub4  
,natural fools6 ,are "s m51 !n1 creat$  
natural fools8 ,v well4 ,!n y also admit
 t "s m5 are creat$ j a degree above    
natural fools6--&1 consequ5tly1 t m5 are
 creat$ 9 all degrees1 gradually ris+ 9 
! scale ( intellig5ce4 ,are !y n creat$ 
j above ! brute1 ) savage natures along 
) m5tal imbecility & physical           
degradation8 ,mu/ ! ,napoleons gov]n !  
,cret9s )\t _! cons5t8 ,mu/ !y n also   
gov]n )\t _! cons5t ^! types ( mank9d1  
:e!r "o1 two1 ?ree1 ?irty1 or ?ree      
hundr$ degrees above ! ,cret9s1 if !y   
are /ill greatly inf]ior by nature8     
,suppose ! ,cret9s remov$ f ! imag9$    
community1 & a colony ( ,au/ralian      
ant-cat*]s or ,cali=nia liz>d-eat]s be 9
 _! /ead3 mu/ n ! ,napoleons gov]n ^!8  
,&1 if y admit inequality to be 9 bir?1 
!n t inequality is ! v gr\nd ( ! reason 
:y ! ,napoleons mu/ gov]n ! ant-cat*]s &

 liz>d-eat]s4 ,remove ^!1 & put 9 _!    
place an importation ( ,african negroes4
 ,d y admit _! inf]iority by ,,creation8
 ,!n ! same control ov] !m mu/ be !     
irresi/ible fact 9 common s5se &        
,scripture ( ,god4 ,! ,napoleons mu/    
gov]n4 ,!y mu/ gov]n )\t ask+           
cons5t1--if ! inequality be su* t cons5t
 w\ld be evil1 & n good1 9 ! family--!  
/ate4  ,yea1 sir1 if y d5y t !          
,decl>ation ass]ts all m5 are creat$    
equal 9 body & m9d1 !n y admit !        
inequality may be su* z to make x       
impossible t 9 su* cases m5 h rights    
unali5able save 9 _! cons5t2 & y admit x
 to be impossible t gov]nm5t 9 su*      
circum/ances c exi/ 9 su* cons5t ,b1 if 
y affirm ! ,decl>ation does mean t m5   
are creat$ equal 9 attributes ( body &  
m9d1 !n y hold to an equality :i* ,god1 
9 8 ^w1 & provid5ce1 & ! natural hi/ory 
( man1 d5ies to be tru?4  ,i ?9k ,i h   
fairly %[n1 f ,scripture & facts1 t !   
fir/ av]m5t is n ! tru?2 & h r$uc$ x to 
an absurdity4 ,i w n[ reg>d ! second1   

?ird1 & f\r? l9ks ( ! *a94  ,i "k !y are
 already brok52 =1 ! :ole *a9 be+ b an  
electric curr5t f a vici\s imag9ation1  
,i h de/roy$ ! :ole by break+ ! fir/    
l9k4 ,or 0 x b a clu/] f a poison\s v9e1
 !n ,i h kill$ ! bran*es by cutt+ ! v9e4
 ,i w1 h[ev]1 expose ! o!r ?ree sequ5ces
 by a di/9ct argum5t cov]+ !m all4      
,au?ority ,delegat$ to ,adam4   ,god    
gave to ,adam sov]eignty ov] ! human    
race1 9 8 fir/ decree3--,he %all rule   
ov] !e4 ,t 0 ,,! ,,in/itution ,,(       
,,gov]nm5t4 ,x 0 n bas$ on ! cons5t (   
,eve1 ! gov]n$4 ,x 0 f ,god4 ,he gave to
 ,adam l au?ority to rule 8 *ildr54 ,x 0
 n d]iv$ f _! cons5t4 ,x 0 f ,god4 ,he  
gave ,noah ! same sov]eignty1 ) express 
p[] ov] life1 lib]ty1 & pursuit (       
happ9ess4 ,x 0 n f\nd$ 9 cons5t ( ,%em1 
,ham1 & ,japhe?1 & _! wives4 ,x 0 f     
,god4 ,he !n det]m9$ ! habitations ( m5 
on all ! face ( ! e>?1 & indicat$ to !m1
 9 e clime1 ! =m & p[] ( _! gov]nm5ts4  
,he gave1 directly1 gov]nm5t to ,israel4
 ,he j z truly gave x to ,idumea1 to    

,egypt1 & to ,babylon1 to ! ,arab1 to ! 
,esquimaux1 ! ,caffre1 ! ,hott5tot1 & ! 
negro4  ,god1 9 ! ,bible1 decides !     
matt]4 ,he says1 ,let e s\l be subject  
unto ! high] p[]s4 ,= !re is no p[] b ( 
,god3 ! p[]s t be are orda9$ ( ,god4    
,:osoev] !re=e resi/e? ! p[]1 resi/e? ! 
ord9ance ( ,god3 & !y t resi/ %all      
receive to !mselves damnation4 ,= rul]s 
are n a t]ror to good works1 b to !     
evil4 ,wilt ?\ !n n be afraid ( ! p[]8  
,d t :i* is good1 & ?\ %alt h praise ( !
 same3 = he is ! m9i/] ( ,god to !e =   
good4 ,b if ?\ d t :i* is evil1 be      
afraid1 = he be>e? n ! sword 9 va93 = he
 is ! m9i/] ( ,god1 a rev5g] to execute 
wra? ^u him t doe? evil4 ,:]e=e ye mu/  
ne$s be subject1 n only = wra?1 b also =
 consci5ce' sake4 ,= ?is cause pay ye   
tribute also3 = !y are ,god's m9i/]s1   
att5d+ cont9ually ^u ?is v ?+4 ,r5d]1   
!re=e1 to all _! dues2 tribute to :om   
tribute is due2 cu/om to :om cu/om2 fe> 
to :om fe>2 honor to :om honor4 7,rom4  
xiii4 #a-g47  ,"h ,god reveals to u t he

 has delegat$ to gov]nm5t 8 own ,,"r ov]
 life1 lib]ty1 & pursuit ( happ9ess2 & t
 t ,,"r is n1 9 any s5se1 f ! cons5t ( !
 gov]n$1 b is directly f him4 ,gov]nm5t 
ov] m51 :e!r 9 ! family or 9 ! /ate1 is1
 !n1 z directly f ,god z x w\ld be if   
he1 9 visible p]son1 rul$ 9 ! family or 
9 ! /ate4 ,i speak n only ( ! ,,"r      
simply to gov]n1 b ! mode ( ! gov]nm5t1 
& ! ext5t ( ! p[]4 ,gov]nm5t c d ,,all  
:i* ,god w\ld d1--j ,,t1--no m1 no less4
 ,& x is b\nd to d j ,,t1--no m1 no     
less4 ,gov]nm5t is responsible to ,god1 
if x fails to d j ,,t :i* ,he himself   
w\ld d4 ,x is "u responsibility1 !n1 to 
rule 9 righte\sness4 ,x mu/ n oppress4  
,x mu/ give to e individual life1       
lib]ty1 & pursuit ( happ9ess1 9 h>mony )
 ! good ( ! family1--! /ate1--z ,god    
himself w\ld give x1--j ,,t1 no m1 no   
less4  ,?is passage ( ,scripture settles
 ! "q1 ,f :5ce has gov]nm5t ,,"r to     
rule1 & :at is ! ext5t ( its p[]8 ,!    
,,"r is f ,god1 & ! ,,ext5t ( ! p[] is j
 ,,t to :i* ,god w\ld ex]cise x if he 7 

p]sonally on ! e>?4 ,god1 9 ?is passage1
 & o!rs1 settles1 ) equal cle>ness1 f   
:5ce is ! ,,obligation to submit to     
gov]nm5t1 & :at is ! ext5t ( ! duty (   
ob$i5ce8 ,! ,,obligation to submit is n 
f individual ,,"r to cons5t or n to     
cons5t to gov]nm5t1--b ! ,,obligation to
 submit is directly f ,god4  ,! ,,ext5t 
( ! duty ( ob$i5ce is equally reveal$--9
 ?is wise3 s long z ! gov]nm5t rules 9  
righte\sness1 ! duty is p]fect ob$i5ce4 
,s soon1 h[ev]1 z gov]nm5t requires t   
:i* ,god1 9 8 ^w1 =bids ! subject to d1 
he mu/ obey ,god1 & n man4 ,he mu/      
refuse to obey man4 ,b1 inasmu* z !     
obligation to submit to au?ority (      
gov]nm5t is s great1 ! subject mu/ "k x 
is ! w ( ,god1 t he %all refuse to obey1
 be=e he assumes ! responsibility (     
resi/ance to ! p[]s t be4 ,8 consci5ce w
 n ju/ify him be=e ,god1 if he mi/akes 8
 duty4 ,he may be all ! m to blame =    
hav+ ,,su* ,a ,,consci5ce4 ,let him1 !n1
 be ,,c]ta9 he c say1 l ,pet] & ,john1  
,:e!r x be "r1 9 ! sight ( ,god1 to     

he>k5 unto y m ?an unto ,god1 judge ye4 
,b1 :5 gov]nm5t requires t :i* ,god does
 n =bid ! subject to d1 al?\gh 9 t !    
gov]nm5t may h transc5d$ ! l9e ( its    
righte\s rule1 ! subject mu/1 nev]!less1
 submit1--until oppression has gone to !
 po9t at :i* ,god makes ,,resi/ance to  
be duty4 ,& t po9t is :5 ,,resi/ance w  
cle>ly be less ( evil1 & m ( good1 ,,to 
,,! ,,community1 ?an fur!r submission4  
,t is ! rule ( duty ,god gives to ! :ole
 p1 or to ! m9ority1 or to ! individual1
 to guide !m 9 resi/ance to ! p[]s t be4
  ,x is irresi/ibly c]ta9 t ,he :o      
orda9s gov]nm5t has1 alone1 ! "r to alt]
 or aboli% x1--t ,he :o in/itutes ! p[]s
 t be has1 alone1 ! "r to say :5 & h[ ! 
p1 9 :ole or 9 "p1 may resi/4 ,s1 !n1 ! 
p1 9 :ole1 or 9 "p1 h no "r to resi/1 to
 alt]1 or aboli% gov]nm5t1 simply       
because !y may deem x de/ructive ( ! end
 = :i* x 0 in/itut$2 b !y may resi/1    
alt]1 or aboli%1 :5 x %all be se5 t ,god
 s reg>ds x4 ,?is places ! great fact   
:]e x mu/ be plac$1--"u ! ,,control ( ! 

,,bible & ,,provid5ce4    ,illu/rations4
   ,i w conclude ) "o or two            
illu/rations4 ,god1 9 8 provid5ce1      
orda9s ! ,russian =m ( gov]nm5t1--i4e4  
,he places ! sov]eignty 9 "o man1       
because ,he sees t su* gov]nm5t c       
secure1 = a "t1 m good to t degrad$ p   
?an any o!r =m4 ,n[1 ,i ask1 ,has !     
emp]or "r1 f ,god1 to *ange at once1 9 8
 m]e cons5t1 ! =m ( 8 gov]nm5t to t ( ! 
,unit$ ,/ates8 ,no4 ,god =bids him4 ,:y8
 ,because he w\ld !reby de/roy ! good1 &
 br+ imm5se evil 9 8 empire4 ,i ask     
aga91 ,h ! ,russian s]fs & nobles1--yea1
 all1--cons5t+1 ! "r1 f ,god1 to make t 
*ange8 ,no4 ,= ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$    
,/ates is n suit$ to !m4 ,&1 9 su* an   
attempt1 !y w\ld deprive !mselves ( !   
bless+s !y n[ h1 & br+ all ! horrors (  
an>*y4  ,d y ask if ,i !n hold1 t ,god  
orda9s ! ,russian type ( rule to be     
p]petual ov] t p8 ,no4 ,! emp]or is b\nd
 to secure all ( life1 lib]ty1 & pursuit
 ( happ9ess1 to ea* individual1 consi/5t
 ) ! good ( ! nation4 ,& he is to le>n 8

 obligation f ! ,bible1 & fai?fully     
apply x to ! condition ( 8 subjects4 ,he
 w ?us gradually elevate !m2 :ile !y1 on
 _! "p1 are b\nd to /rive = ?is         
elevation1 9 all ! ways 9 :i* ,god may  
%[ !m ! good1 & ! "r1 :i*1 m & m1 w     
belong to !m 9 _! upw>d progress4 ,!    
result ( su* gov]nm5t & su* ob$i5ce w\ld
 be t ( a fa!r's fai?ful tra9+1 &       
*ildr5's correspond+ ob$i5ce4 ,!        
,russian p w\ld ?us h1 gradually1 t     
measure ( lib]ty !y c\ld be>1 "u !      
"o-man p[]1--& !n1 9 o!r =ms1 z !y might
 be qualifi$ to realize !m4 ,?is        
developm5t w\ld be )\t convulsion1--z ! 
p>5t gives place1 :ile ! *ildr5 are     
pass+ f ! l[] to _! high] life4 ,x w\ld 
be ! exemplification ( ,c>lyle's        
illu/ration ( ! snake4 ,he says1 ,a p   
%\ld *ange _! gov]nm5t only z a snake   
%$s 8 sk93 ! new sk9 is gradually =m$ "u
 ! old "o1--& !n ! snake wriggles out1 )
 j a drop ( blood "h & !re1 :]e ! old   
jacket held on r tightly4  ,god orda9s !
 gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,& ,he     

places ! sov]eignty 9 ! w ( ! majority1 
because ,he has tra9$ ! p1 ?r\gh _m     
g5]ations 9 modes ( gov]nm5t1 to su* an 
elevation 9 moral & religi\s            
intellig5ce1 t su* sov]eignty is be/    
suit$ to conf] on !m ! highe/ "r1 z yet1
 to life1 lib]ty1 & ! pursuit (         
happ9ess4 ,b ,god requires t t w ( !    
majority be 9 p]fect submission to ,him4
 ,once m !n ,i inquire1--,:e!r ! p ( ?is
 c\ntry1 yea all ( !m cons5t+1 h "r f   
,god1 to aboli% n[1 at ?is "t1 our free 
in/itutions1 & set up ! sway ( ,russia8 
,no4 ,b :y8 ,!re is "o answ] only4 ,he  
tells u t our happ9ess is 9 ?is =m (    
gov]nm5t1 & 9 x1 its develop$ results4  
,! ,social ,compact n recognis$ 9 !     
,div9e ,in/itute4   ,"h ,i pause4 ,s1   
!n1 ,god gives no sanction to ! notion (
 a ,,social ,,compact4 ,he nev] gave to 
man individual1 isolat$1 natural rights1
 unali5ably 9 8 keep+4 ,he nev] made him
 a ,casp> ,haus]1 9 ! =e/1 )\t "n or    
home1--a ,mel*is$ek1 9 ! wild]ness1 )\t 
fa!r1 )\t "m1 )\t desc5t1--a ,rob9son   

,crusoe1 on 8 isl&1 9 sk9s & b>efoot$1  
wait+1 among goats & p>rots1 ! com+ ( ! 
canoes & ! savages1 to enable him to    
cons5t if he w\ld1 to ! relations (     
social life4  ,&1 !re=e1 ^? five s5t5ces
 9 t second p>agraph ( ! ,decl>ation (  
,indep5d5ce are n ! tru?2 s1 !n1 x is n 
self-evid5t tru? t all m5 are creat$    
equal4 ,s1 !n1 x is n ! tru?1 9 fact1 t 
!y are creat$ equal4 ,s1 !n1 x is n !   
tru? t ,god has end[$ all m5 )          
unali5able "r to life1 lib]ty1 & pursuit
 ( happ9ess4 ,s1 !n1 x is n ! tru? t    
gov]nm5ts d]ive _! j p[]s f ! cons5t ( !
 gov]n$4 ,s1 !n1 x is n ! tru? t ! p h  
"r to alt] or aboli% _! gov]nm5t1 &     
in/itute a new =m1 :5ev] to !m x %all   
seem likely to effect _! safety &       
happ9ess4  ,! mann] 9 :i* ^!            
unscriptural dogmas h be5 modifi$ or    
develop$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ,i w exam9e 
9 ano!r pap]4  ,i m]ely add1 t ! op9ions
 ( rev]$ ance/ors1 on ^! que/ions ( "r &
 _! application to ,am]ican slav]y1 mu/ 
n[1 z nev] be=e1 be br\ght to ! te/ ( ! 

light ( ! ,bible4 ,f4,a4 ,ross4         
,huntsville1 ,ala41 ,jan4 #aheg4        
,man-,/eal+4    ,?is argum5t on !       
abolition *>ge1 aga9/ ! slave-hold]1--t 
he is a man-/eal]1--cov]s ! :ole "q (   
slav]y1 especially z x is se5 9 ! ,old  
,te/am5t4 ,! head+s 9 ! lett] make !    
subject suffici5tly cle>4    ,no4 ,,iii4
    ,rev4 ,alb]t ,b>nes3--  ,de>        
,sir3--,9 my fir/ lett]1 ,i m]ely t\*$  
"s po9ts 9 y\r tract1 int5d+ to notice  
!m m fully 9 subsequ5t communications4  
,i h1 9 my second pap]1 suffici5tly     
exam9$ ! imag9>y maxims ( creat$        
equality & unali5able rights4  ,9 ?is1  
,i w te/ y\r views by ,scripture m      
directly4 ,to ! law & to ! te/imony3 if 
!y speak n accord+ to ?is ^w1 x is      
because !re is no light 9 !m4 7,isaiah  
viii4 #bj74  ,! abolitioni/ *>ges !     
slave-hold] ) be+ a man-/eal]4 ,he makes
 ?is allegation 9 two affirmations4     
,fir/1 t ! slave-hold] is ?us guilty1   
because1 ! negro hav+ be5 kidnapp$ 9    
,africa1 !re=e ^? :o n[ hold him1 or 8  

*ildr51 9 bondage1 lie "u ! guilt ( t   
fir/ act4 ,secondly1 t ! slave-hold]1 by
 ! v fact t he is su*1 is guilty ( /eal+
 f ! negro 8 unali5able "r to fre$om4   
,?is is ! *>ge4 ,x cov]s ! :ole subject4
 ,i w meet x 9 all its p>ts4    ,!      
,diff]5ce betwe5 ,man-,/eal+ &          
,slave-,hold+1 z set =? 9 ! ,bible4   ,!
 ,bible reads ?us3 7,exodus xxi4        
#af37--;,he t /eale? a man & selle? him1
 or if he be f\nd 9 8 h&1 he %all surely
 be put to dea?4  ,:at1 !n1 is x to     
kidnap or /eal a man8 ,web/] in=ms      
u--,to kidnap is to /eal a human be+1 a 
man1 woman1 or *ild2 or to seize &      
=cibly c>ry away any p]son :atev]1 f 8  
own c\ntry or /ate into ano!r4 ,! idea (
 seiz+ & =cibly c>ry+ away ent]s into ! 
mean+ ( ! ^w 9 all ! def9itions ( law4  
,! crime1 !n1 set =? 9 ! ,bible 0 n     
sell+ a man3 b sell+ a /ol5 man4 ,!     
crime 0 n hav+ a man 9 8 h& z a slave2  
b4444449 8 h&1 z a slave1 a /ol5 man4 ,&
 h5ce1 ! p5alty ( dea? 0 affix$1 n to   
sell+1 buy+1 or hold+ man1 z a slave1 b 

to ! specific (f5ce ( /eal+ & sell+1 or 
hold+ a man ?us /ol51 contr>y to ?is    
law4 ,yea1 x 0 ?is law1 & ?is law only1 
:i* made x wrong4 ,=1 "u "s             
circum/ances1 ,god sanction$ ! seiz+ &  
=cibly c>ry+ away a man1 woman1 or *ild 
f c\ntry or /ate1 into slav]y or o!r    
condition4 ,he sanction$ ! utt]         
de/ruction ( e male & e m>ri$ woman1 &  
*ild1 ( ,jabez-,gilead1 & ! seizure1 &  
=cibly c>ry+ away1 f\r hundr$ virg9s1   
unto ! camp to ,%iloh1 & !re1 be+ giv5 z
 wives to ! remnant ( ! slaught]$ tribe 
( ,b5jam91 9 ! rock ,rimmon4 ,sir1 h[   
did t de/ruction ( ,jabez-,gilead1 & !  
kidnapp+ ( ^? "y wom51 diff] f ! raz+ ( 
an ,african village1 & =cibly seiz+1 &  
c>ry+ away1 ^? n put to ! sword8 ,!     
diff]5ce is 9 ?is3--,god comm&$ !       
,israelites to seize & be> (f ^? "y     
wom54 ,b he =bids ! slav] to kidnap !   
,african4 ,!re=e1 ! ,israelites did "r2 
!re=e1 ! trad] does wrong4 ,!           
,israelites1 x seems1 gave wives1 9 t   
way1 to ! sp>$ ,b5jamites1 because !y _h

 sworn n to give _! daught]s4 ,b !re 7  
six hundr$ ( ^! ,b5jamites4 ,two hundr$ 
7 !re=e /ill )\t wives4 ,:at 0 done =   
!m8 ,:y1 ,god au?oriz$ ! eld]s ( !      
congregation to tell ! two hundr$       
,b5jamites to cat* e man 8 wife1 ( !    
daught]s ( ,%iloh1 :5 !y came out to    
dance1 9 ! fea/ ( ! ,"l1 on ! nor? side 
( ,be!l4 ,& ! *ildr5 ( ,b5jam9 did s1 & 
took !m wives1 :om !y caught3 7,judges  
xxi47 ,god made x "r = ^? ,b5jamites to 
cat* e man 8 wife1 ( ! daught]s (       
,%iloh4 ,b he makes x wrong = ! trad] to
 cat* 8 slaves ( ! sons or daught]s (   
,africa4 ,le/ y %\ld try to d5y t ,god  
au?oriz$ ?is act ( ! *ildr5 ( ,israel1  
al?\gh ,i believe he did ord] x1 let me 
rem9d y ( ano!r su* case1 ! au?ority =  
:i* y w n "q4  ,moses1 by direct comm& f
 ,god1 de/roy$ ! ,midianites4 ,he slew  
all ! males1 & c>ri$ away all ! wom5 &  
*ildr54 ,he !n _h all ! m>ri$ wom5 &    
male *ildr5 kill$2 b all ! virg9s1      
?irty-two ?\s&1 7 divid$ z spoil among !
 p4 ,& ?irty-two ( ^! virg9s1 ! ,"l's   

tribute1 7 giv5 unto ,eleaz>1 ! prie/1 z
 ! ,"l comm&$ ,moses4 7,numb]s xxxi47   
,sir1 ,?omas ,pa9e reject$ ! ,bible on  
?is fact among 8 o!r objections4 ,yea1 8
 reason1 8 s5sibilities1 8 great law (  
humanity1 8 intuitional & et]nal s5se ( 
"r1 made x impossible = him to honor su*
 a ,god4 ,&1 sir1 on y\r n[ av[$        
pr9ciples ( int]pretation1 :i* are ^? ( 
,pa9e1 y su/a9 him 9 8 rejection ( !    
books ( ,moses & all ! ^w ( ,god4       
,god's comm& made x "r = ,moses to      
de/roy ! ,midianites & make slaves ( _! 
daught]s2 & ,i h dwelt ^u ^! facts1 to  
reit]ate :at ,i hold to be ,,! ,,fir/   
,,tru? ,,9 ,,morals3--t a ?+ is "r1 n   
because x is ev] s p] se1 b because ,god
 makes x "r2 &1 ( c\rse1 a ?+ is wrong1 
n because x is s 9 ! nature ( ?+s1 b    
because ,god makes x wrong4 ,i di/9ctly 
h tak51 & d take1 t gr\nd 9 its wide/   
s5se1 & am prep>$ to ma9ta9 x aga9/ all 
com]s4 ,he made x "r = ! sons ( ,adam to
 m>ry _! si/]s4 ,he made x "r = ,abraham
 to m>ry 8 half-si/]4 ,he made x "r = ! 

patri>*s1 & ,david & ,solomon1 to h m   
wives ?an "o4 ,he made x "r :5 he gave  
comm& to kill :ole nations1 sp>+ none4  
,he made x "r :5 he ord]$ t nations1 or 
su* "p z he pleas$1 %\ld be sp>$ &      
enslav$4 ,he made x "r t ! patri>*s & ! 
,israelites %\ld hold slaves 9 h>mony ) 
! sy/em ( s]vile labor :i* _h long be5 9
 ! _w4 ,he m]ely modifi$ t sy/em to suit
 8 views ( good among 8 p4 ,s1 !n1 :5 he
 saw fit1 !y might capture m54 ,s1 !n1  
:5 he =bade ! individual ,israelite to  
/eal a man1 he made x crime1 & ! p5alty 
dea?4 ,s1 !n1 t crime 0 n ! m]e /eal+ a 
man1 nor ! sell+ a man1 nor ! hold+ a   
man1--b ! /eal+ & sell+1 or hold+1 a man
 "u circum/ances ?us =bidd5 ( ,god4     
,0 ! ,israelite ,ma/] a ,man-,/eal]8    
,i n[ ask1 ,did ,god int5d to make      
man-/eal+ & slave-hold+ ! same ?+8 ,let 
u see4 ,9 t v *apt] ( ,exodus 7xxi47 :i*
 conta9s ! law aga9/ man-/eal+1 & only  
f\r v]ses fur!r on1 ,god says1 ,if a man
 smite 8 s]vant or 8 maid ) a rod1 & he 
die "u 8 h&1 he %all be surely puni%$3  

not)/&+1 if he cont9ue a day or two he  
%all n be puni%$2 = he is 8 money4      
7,v]ses #bj1 #ba47  ,sir1 t man 0 n a   
hir$ s]vant4 ,he 0 b\ght ) money4 ,he 0 
reg>d$ by ,god z ! money ( 8 ma/]4 ,he 0
 8 slave1 9 ! full mean+ ( a slave1 !n1 
& n[1 b\ght ) money4 ,god1 !n1 did n    
int5d ! ,israelites to und]/&1 & n "o ( 
!m ev] und]/ood1 f t day to ?is1 t      
,jehovah 9 8 law to ,moses reg>d$ !     
slave-hold] z a man-/eal]4 ,man-/eal+ 0 
a specific (f5ce1 ) its specific p5alty4
 ,slave-hold+ 0 "o =m ( ,god's righte\s 
gov]nm5t ov] m51--a gov]nm5t he orda9$1 
) v>i\s modifications1 among ! ,hebrews 
!mselves1 & ) /]n] features 9 its       
relation to hea!n slaves4  ,9 ,exodus   
xxi4 & ,leviticus xxv41 v>i\s gradations
 ( s]vitude 7 enact$1 ) a c>eful        
p>ticul>ity :i* ne$ n be misund]/ood4   
,among ^!1 a ,hebrew man might be a     
slave = six ye>s1 & !n g free ) 8 wife1 
if he 7 m>ri$ :5 he came into !         
relation2 b if 8 ma/] _h giv5 him a     
wife1 & %e _h borne him sons or         

daught]s1 ! wife & h] *ildr5 %\ld be h] 
ma/]'s1 & he %\ld g out by himself4 ,t  
is1 ! man by ! law became free1 :ile 8  
wife & *ildr5 rema9$ slaves4 ,if !      
s]vant1 h[ev]1 pla9ly said1 ,i love my  
ma/]1 my wife1 & my *ildr52 ,i w n g out
 free3 !n 8 ma/] br\ght him unto !      
judges1 also unto ! doorpo/1 & 8 ma/]   
bor$ 8 e> ?r\gh ) an awl1 & he s]v$ him 
=ev]4 7,ex4 xxi4 #a-f47 ,sir1 y h urg$  
discussion3--give u !n y\r views ( t    
passage4 ,tell u h[ t man 0 sep>at$ f 8 
wife & *ildr5 accord+ to ! et]nal "r4   
,tell u :at 0 ! condition ( ! woman 9   
case ! man *ose to g out )\t h]8 ,tell u
 if ! ,hebrew :o ?us _h 8 e> bor$ by 8  
ma/] ) an awl 0 n a slave = life8 ,tell 
u1 la/ly1 :e!r ^? *ildr5 7 n slaves8 ,&1
 :ile on t *apt]1 tell u :e!r 9 ! next  
v]ses1 #g-aa1 ,god did n all[ !         
,israelite fa!r to sell 8 own daught]   
into bondage & into polygamy by ! same  
act ( sale8  ,i w n dwell long] on ^!   
mild] =ms ( slav]y1 b read to y ! cle> &
 unmi/akable comm& ( ! ,"l 9 ,leviticus 

xxv4 #dd1 #df3--;,bo? ?y bondm5 & ?y    
bondmaids :i* ?\ %alt h1 %all be ( !    
hea!n t are r\nd ab\t y2 ( !m %all ye   
buy bondm5 & bondmaids4 ,moreov]1 ( !   
*ildr5 ( ! /rang]s t d soj\rn among y1 (
 !m %all ye buy1 & ( _! families t are )
 y1 :i* !y beget 9 y\r l&3 & !y %all be 
y\r possession3 & ye %all take !m = an  
inh]itance = y\r *ildr5 aft] y1 to      
inh]it !m = a possession2 & !y %all be  
y\r bondm5 =ev]4  ,sir1 ! sun w gr[ dim 
) age be=e t ,scripture c be tortur$ to 
mean any ?+ else ?an j :at x says2 t    
,god comm&$ ! ,israelites to be         
slave-hold]s 9 ! /rict & true s5se ov] !
 hea!n1 9 mann] & =m !re9 set =?4 ,d y  
tell ! _w t ?is _c be ! s5se ( ! ,bible1
 because x is a violation ( ! fir/      
pr9ciples ( ! ,am]ican ,decl>ation (    
,indep5d5ce2 because x grates ^u y\r    
in/9ct ( lib]ty2 because x reveals ,god 
9 opposition to ! _s ( ! age2 because1  
if x be ! s5se ( ! passage1 !n ! ,bible 
nei!r ought to be1 nor c be1 receiv$ by 
mank9d z a div9e revelation8 ,t is :at y

 say3 t is :at ,alb]t ,b>nes affirms 9 8
 philosophy4 ,b :at if ,god 9 8 ^w says1
 ,bo? ?y bondm5 & ?y bondmaids :i* ?\   
%alt h %all be ( ! hea!n t are r\nd ab\t
 y8 ,:at if we may !n *oose betwe5      
,alb]t ,b>nes's philosophy & ,god's     
tru?8  ,or w y say1 ,god1 "u !          
circum/ances1 p]mitt$ ! ,israelites to  
s9 9 ! matt] ( slave-hold+1 j z he      
p]mitt$ !m to s9 by liv+ 9 polygamy4    
,p]mitt$ !m to s96 ,no1 sir2 ,god comm&$
 !m to be slave-hold]s4 ,he made x ! law
 ( _! social /ate4 ,he made x "o =m ( 8 
orda9$ gov]nm5t among !m4 ,moreov]1 y   
take x = grant$ all too soon1 t !       
,israelites committ$ s9 9 _! polygamy4  
,god sanction$ _! polygamy4 ,x 0 !re=e n
 s9 9 !m4 ,x 0 "r4 ,b ,god n[ =bids     
polygamy1 "u ! gospel2 & n[ x is s94    
,or w y tell u ! iniquity ( !           
,canaanites 0 !n full1 & ,god's "t to   
puni% !m _h come8 ,true2 b ! same "q    
comes up3--,did ,god puni% ! ,canaanites
 by plac+ !m 9 ! relation ( slaves to 8 
p1 by express comm&1 :i* compell$ !m to 

s98 ,t's ! po9t4 ,i w n p]mit y to evade
 x4 ,9 pla9] words3--,did ,god comm& !  
,hebrews to make slaves ( _! fell[-m51  
to buy !m & sell !m1 to reg>d !m z _!   
money8 ,he did4 ,!n1 did ! ,hebrews s9  
:5 !y obey$ ,god's comm&8 ,no4 ,!n !y   
did :at 0 "r1 & x 0 "r because ,god made
 x s4 ,!n ! ,hebrew slave-hold] 0 n a   
man-/eal]4 ,b1 y say1 ! ,s\!rn          
slave-hold] is4 ,well1 we %all see      
pres5tly4  ,j "h1 ! abolitioni/ :o      
pr(esses to respect ! ,scriptures is    
wont to tell u t ! :ole subject (       
bondage among ! ,israelites 0 s peculi> 
to ,god's anci5t disp5sation1 t no      
analogy betwe5 t bondage & ,s\!rn slav]y
 c be br\ght up4 ,?us he attempts to    
raise a du/ out ( ! ,jewi% in/itutions1 
to prev5t p f see+ t slavehold+ !n 0 !  
same ?+ t x is n[4 ,b1 to su/a9 my      
int]pretation ( ! pla9 ,scriptures giv51
 ,i w g back five hundr$ ye>s be=e !    
exi/5ce ( ! ,hebrew nation4  ,i read at 
t "t1 7,g54 xiv4 #ad37--;,& :5 ,abraham 
he>d t 8 bro!r 0 tak5 captive1 he arm$ 8

 tra9$ s]vants1 born 9 8 own h\se1 ?ree 
hundr$ & eighte51 & pursu$ !m ev5 unto  
,damascus1 c4 7,g54 xvii4 #bg37--;,& all
 ! m5 ( 8 h\se1 born1 9 ! h\se1 & b\ght 
) ! money ( ! /rang]1 7 circumcis$4     
7,g54 xx4 #ad37--;,& ,abimele* took %eep
 & ox51 & m5-s]vants & wom5-s]vants1 &  
gave !m unto ,abraham4 7,g54 xxiv4 #cd1 
#ce37--;,& he said1 ,i am ,abraham's    
s]vant2 & ! ,"l ha? bless$ my ma/]      
greatly1 & he is become great2 & he ha? 
giv5 him flocks & h]ds1 & silv] & gold1 
& m5-s]vants & maid-s]vants1 & camels & 
asses4    ,0 ,abraham a ,man-,/eal]8    
,sir1 :at is ! common s5se ( ^!         
,scriptures8 ,:y1 t ! slave-trade exi/$ 
9 ,abraham's day1 z x _h long be=e1 &   
has ev] s9ce1 9 all ! regions ( ,syria1 
,pale/9e1 ,arabia1 & ,egypt1 9 :i*      
crim9als & prison]s ( w> 7 sold1--9 :i* 
p>5ts sold _! *ildr54 ,abraham1 !n1 x is
 pla91 b\ght1 ( ! sell]s 9 ?is traffic1 
m5-s]vants & maid-s]vants2 he _h !m born
 9 8 h\se2 he receiv$ !m z pres5ts4  ,d 
y tell me t ,abraham1 by div9e au?ority1

 made ^! s]vants "p ( 8 family1 social &
 religi\s8 ,v good4 ,b /ill he reg>d$ !m
 z 8 slaves4 ,he took ,hag> z a wife1 b 
he treat$ h] z 8 slave1--yea1 z ,s>ah's 
slave2 & z su* he gave h] to be *a/is$1 
= misconduct1 by h] mi/ress4 ,yea1 he   
nev] plac$ ,i%mael1 ! son ( ! bondwoman1
 on a level ) ,isaac1 ! son ( !         
freewoman4 ,if1 !n1 he s reg>d$ ,hag> & 
,i%mael1 ( c\rse he nev] consid]$ 8 o!r 
slaves on an equality ) himself4 ,true1 
_h he be5 *ildless1 he w\ld h giv5 8    
e/ate to ,eliez]3 b he w\ld h giv5 x to 
8 slave4 ,true1 _h ,isaac n be5 born1 he
 w\ld h giv5 8 weal? to ,i%mael2 b he   
w\ld nave giv5 x to ! son ( 8 bondwoman4
 ,sir1 e ,s\!rn plant] is n m truly a   
slave-hold] ?an ,abraham4 ,& ! ,s\!rn   
ma/]1 by div9e au?ority1 may1 to-day1   
consid] 8 slaves "p ( 8 social &        
religi\s family1 j z ,abraham did4 ,8   
relation is j t ( ,abraham4 ,he has     
slaves ( an inf]ior type ( mank9d f     
,abraham's bondm52 & he !re=e1 = t      
reason1 z well z f ! fact t !y are 8    

slaves1 holds !m l[] ?an himself4 ,b1   
nev]!less1 he is a slave-hold] 9 no o!r 
s5se ?an 0 ,abraham4 ,did ,abraham h 8  
slave-h\sehold circumcis$8 ,e ,s\!rn    
plant] may h 8 slave-h\sehold baptiz$4  
,i baptiz$1 n long s9ce1 a              
slave-*ild1--! ma/] & mi/ress (f]+ x to 
,god4 ,:at 0 done 9 ! p>lor might be    
done ) div9e approbation on e           
plantation4  ,s1 !n1 ,abraham liv$ 9 !  
mid/ ( a sy/em ( slave-hold+ exactly !  
same 9 nature ) t 9 ! ,s\?1--a sy/em    
orda9$ ( ,god z really z ! o!r =ms (    
gov]nm5t r\nd ab\t him4 ,he1 !n1 ) !    
div9e bless+1 made himself ! ma/] (     
slaves1 m51 wom51 & *ildr51 by buy+     
!m1--by receiv+ !m 9 gifts1--by hav+ !m 
born 9 8 h\se2 & he controll$ !m z      
prop]ty1 j z really z ! ,s\!rn ma/] 9 ! 
pres5t day4 ,i ask n[1 0 ,abraham a     
man-/eal]8 ,oh1 no1 y reit]ate3 b !     
,s\!rn ma/] is4 ,:y8    ,is ! ,s\!rn    
,ma/] a ,man-,/eal]8   ,d y1 sir1 or    
anybody1 cont5d t ! ,s\!rn ma/] seiz$ 8 
slave 9 ,africa1 & =cibly br\ght him    

away to ,am]ica1 contr>y to law8 ,t1 & t
 alone1 0 & is kidnapp+ 9 div9e & human 
/atute4 ,no4 ,:at !n8 ,:y1 ! abolitioni/
 responds1 ,! ,african man-/eal] sold 8 
victim to ! slave-hold]2 he1 to !       
plant]2 & ! negro has be5 ev] s9ce 9    
bondage3 !re=e ! guilt ( ! man-/eal] has
 cleav$ to sell]s1 buy]s1 & inh]itors1  
to ?is "t1 & w ?r\gh all g5]ations to   
come4 ,t is ! *>ge4  ,& x br+s up ! "q s
 (t5 & triumphantly ask$ by !           
abolitioni/2 i4e4 ,y1 he says to !      
slave-hold]1--y admit x 0 wrong to /eal 
! negro 9 ,africa4 ,c ! slave-hold]1 !n1
 ?r[ (f wrong s long z he holds ! slave 
at any "t or any:]e !reaft]8 ,i answ]1  
yes2 & my reply %all be %ort1 yet       
conclusive4 ,x is ?is3--,guilt1 or      
crim9ality1 is t /ate ( a moral ag5t :i*
 results f 8 actual commission ( a crime
 or (f5ce kn[+ x to be crime or         
violation ( law4 ,t is ! receiv$        
def9ition ( guilt1 & y1 ,i "k1 d accept 
x4 ,! guilt1 !n1 ( kidnapp+ t]m9at$ ) ! 
man-/eal]1 ! sell]1 ! buy]1 & hold]s1   

:o1 kn[+ly & int5tionally1 c>ri$ on !   
traffic contr>y to ! div9e law4 ,,t     
,,guilt atta*es 9 no s5se :atev]1 z a   
p]sonal1 moral responsibility1 to !     
pres5t slave-hold]4 ,obs]ve1 ,i am "h   
discuss+1 n ! "q ( m]e slave-hold+1 b   
:e!r ! ma/]1 :o has _h no?+ to d ) !    
slave-trade1 c n[ hold ! slave )\t !    
moral guilt ( ! man-/eal]8 ,i h said t t
 guilt1 9 no s5se :atev]1 re/s ^u him2 =
 he nei!r /ole ! man1 nor b\ght him f ! 
kidnapp]1 nor _h any complicity 9 !     
traffic4 ,"h1 ,i "k1 ! abolitioni/      
insi/s t ! ma/] is guilty ( ?is         
complicity1 unless he w at once         
emancipate ! slave2 because1 s long z he
 holds him1 he !reby1 p]sonally &       
volunt>ily1 assumes ! same relation :i* 
! orig9al kidnapp] or buy] held to !    
,african4  ,?is is ,dr4 ,*eev]'s argum5t
 9 a rec5t popul> s]mon4 ,he ?9ks x     
unansw]able2 b x has no weight :atev]4  
,x is met p]fectly by add+ "o ^w to 8   
proposition4 ,?us3--,! ma/] does ,,n    
assume ! same relation :i* ! orig9al    

man-/eal] or buy] held to ! ,african4 ,!
 ma/]'s relation to ,god & to 8 slave is
 n[ :olly *ang$ f t ( ! man-/eal]1 & ^? 
engag$ 9 ! trade2 & 8 obligation is     
:olly diff]5t4 ,:at is 8 relation8 & :at
 is 8 obligation8 ,!y are z foll[s3---- 
,! ma/] f9ds himself1 ) no ta9t (       
p]sonal conc]n 9 ! ,african trade1 9 a  
,*ri/ian community ( :ite               
,anglo-,am]icans1 hold+ control ov] 8   
black fell[-man1 :o is s unlike himself 
9 complexion1 9 =m1 9 o!r peculi>ities1 
& s unequal to himself 9 attributes (   
body & m9d1 t x is impossible1 9 e s5se1
 to place him on a level ) himself 9 !  
community4 ,?is is 8 relation to !      
negro4 ,:at1 !n1 does ,god comm& him to 
d8 ,does ,god require him to s5d ! negro
 back to 8 hea!n home f :5ce he 0 /ol58 
,t home no long] exi/s4 ,b1 if x did    
rema91 does ,god comm& ! ma/] to s5d 8  
,*ri/ianiz$ slave into ! horrors ( 8 =m]
 ,african hea!nism8 ,no4 ,god has plac$ 
! ma/] "u law entirely diff]5t f 8 comm&
 to ! slave-trad]4 ,god said to ! trad]1

 ,let ! negro alone4 ,b he says to !    
pres5t ma/]1 ,d unto ! negro all ! good 
y c2 make him a civiliz$ man2 make him a
 ,*ri/ian man2 lift him up & give him   
all he has a "r to claim 9 ! good ( !   
:ole community4 ,?is ! ma/] c d2 ?is he 
mu/ d1 & !n leave ! result ) !          
,almighty4  ,we rea* ! same conclusion  
by ask+1 ,:at does ,god say to !        
negro-slave8  ,does he tell him to ask  
to be s5t back to hea!n ,africa8 ,no4   
,does he give him au?ority to claim a   
creat$ equality & unali5able "r to be on
 a level ) ! :ite man 9 civil & social  
relations8 ,no4 ,to ask ! fir/ w\ld be  
to ask a great evil2 to claim ! second  
is to dem& a natural & moral            
impossibility4 ,no4 ,god tells him to   
seek none ( ^! ?+s4 ,b he comm&s him to 
"k ! facts 9 8 case z !y are 9 ! ,bible1
 & h ev] be51 & ev] w be 9              
,provid5ce3--t he is n ! :ite man's     
equal1--t he c nev] h 8 level--t he mu/ 
n claim x2 b t he c h1 & ought to h1 &  
mu/ h1 all ( good1 9 8 condition z a    

slave1 until ,god may reveal a high]    
happ9ess = him 9 "s o!r relation ?an t  
he mu/ ev] h to ! ,anglo-,am]ican4 ,!   
pres5t slave-hold]1 !n1 by decl9+ to    
emancipate 8 bondman1 does n place      
himself 9 ! guilt ( ! man-/eal] or ( ^? 
:o _h complicity ) him2 b he /&s exactly
 9 t ,,nick ( "t & place1 9 ! c\rse (   
,provid5ce1 :]e wrong1 9 ! transmission 
( ,african slav]y1 ends1 & "r beg9s4  ,i
 h1 sir1 fairly /at$ ?is1 y\r /ronge/   
argum5t1 & fully met x4 ,! ,s\!rn ma/]  
is n a man-/eal]4 ,!                    
abolitioni/--repuls$ 9 8 *>ge t !       
slave-own] is a kidnapp]1 ei!r 9 fact or
 by volunt>ily assum+ any ( ! relations 
( ! traffic--!n makes 8 impea*m5t on 8  
second affirmation1 m5tion$ at ! op5+ ( 
?is lett]4 ,t ! slave-hold] is1         
nev]!less1 ?us guilty1 because1 9 !     
simple fact ( be+ a ma/]1 he /eals f !  
negro 8 unali5able "r to fre$om4  ,?is1 
sir1 looks l a new view ( ! subject4 ,! 
crime =bidd5 9 ! ,bible 0 /eal+ & sell+ 
a man2 i4e4 seiz+ & =cibly c>ry+ away1 f

 c\ntry or ,/ate1 a human be+--man1     
woman1 or *ild--contr>y to law1 & sell+ 
or hold+ ! same4 ,b ! abolitioni/ gives 
u to und]/& ?is crime re/s on !         
slave-hold] 9 ano!r s5se3--namely1 t he 
/eals f ! negro a metaphysical          
attribute1--8 unali5able "r to lib]ty6  
,?is is a new sort ( kidnapp+4 ,?is is1 
,i suppose1 /eal+ ! man f himself1 z x  
is sometimes elegantly express$1--robb+ 
him ( 8 body & 8 s\l4 ,sir1 ,i admit ?is
 is a /rong figure ( spee*1 a beautiful 
p]sonification1 a sonor\s rhetorical    
fl\ri%1 :i* mu/ make a deep impression  
on ,dr4 ,*eev]'s p1 ,broadway1 ,new     
,york1 & on y\r congregation1 ,wa%+ton  
,squ>e1 ,philadelphia2 b x is c]ta9ly n 
! ,bible crime ( man-/eal+4 ,& :e!r !   
,s\!rn ma/] is guilty ( ?is sublimat$ ?+
 w be und]/ood by u :5 y prove t !      
negro1 or anybody else1 has su*         
metaphysical "r to be /ol51--su*        
transc5d5tal lib]ty n 9 subord9ation to 
! good ( ! :ole p4 ,9 a ^w1 sir1 ?is    
ref9$ expression is1 aft] all1 j ! old  

av]m5t t ! slave-hold] is guilty ( s9 p]
 se6 ,t's x4  ,i h giv5 y1 9 reply1 !   
,old ,te/am5t4 ,9 my next1 ,i propose to
 inquire :at ! ,new ,te/am5t says 9 !   
light ( ! ,gold5 ,rule4  ,f4,a4 ,ross4  
,huntsville1 ,ala41 ,jan4 #ca1 #aheg4   
,! ,gold5 ,rule4    ,?is view ( ! ,gold5
 ,rule is ! only exposition ( t great   
text :i* has ev] be5 giv5 9 words       
suffici5tly cle>1 &1 ) practical        
illu/rations1 to make ! subject         
intelligible to e capacity4 ,!          
explanation is ! tru? ( ,god1 & x       
settles =ev] ! slav]y "q1 s f> z x re/s 
on ?is precept ( ,jesus ,*ri/4     ,no4 
,,iv4    ,rev4 ,alb]t ,b>nes3--  ,de>   
,sir3--,! argum5t aga9/ slave-hold+1    
f\nd$ on ! ,gold5 ,rule1 is ! /ronge/   
:i* c be pres5t$1 & ,i admit t1 if x _c 
be p]fectly met1 ! ma/] mu/ give ! slave
 lib]ty & equality4 ,b if x c be        
absolutely refut$1 !n ! slave-hold] 9   
?is reg>d may h a good consci5ce2 & !   
abolitioni/ has no?+ m to say4 ,"h is ! 
rule4  ,!re=e1 all ?+s :atsoev] ye w\ld 

t m5 %\ld d to y1 d ye ev5 s to !m2 =   
?is is ! law & ! prophets4 7,matt4 vii4 
#ab47  ,9 y\r ,notes1 on ?is passage y  
?us write3--,?is comm& has be5 usually  
call$ ! ,savior's ,gold5 ,rule2 a "n    
giv5 to x on acc\nt ( its great         
value4--,all t y ,,expect or ,,desire ( 
o!rs1 9 simil> circum/ances1 ,,d ,,to   
,,!m4  ,?is1 sir1 is y\r exposition ( ! 
,savior's rule ( "r4 ,) all due respect1
 ,i decl9e y\r int]pretation4 ,y h miss$
 ! mean+ by leav+ out ,,"o ^w4          
,obs]ve1--y d n say1 ,all t y ,,ought to
 expect or desire1 c41 ,,t d to !m4 ,no4
 ,b y make ! ,,expectation or ,,desire1 
:i* e man ,,actually ,,has 9 simil>     
circum/ances1 ,,! ,,measure ( 8 ,,duty  
to e o!r man4 ,or1 9 diff]5t words1 y   
make1 )\t qualification or explanation1 
! ,,m]e ,,expectation or ,,desire :i* e 
man1--) no in/ruction1 or any sort (    
tra9+1--wise or simple1 good or bad1    
hea!n1 ,mohamm$an1 nom9al               
,*ri/ian1--,,w\ld ,,h 9 simil>          
circum/ances1 ,,! ,,law ,,(             

,,obligation1 always b9d+ ^u him ,,to   
,,d ,,t ,,same ,,?+ unto 8 neighbor6    
,sir1 y h left out ! v idea :i* conta9s 
! s5se ( t ,scripture4 ,x is ?is3 ,*ri/1
 9 8 rule1 presupposes t ! man to :om he
 gives x kn[s1 & f ! ,bible1 7or        
provid5ce1 or natural consci5ce1 s f> z 
9 h>mony ) ! ,bible17 ! v>i\s relations 
9 :i* ,god has plac$ him2 & ! respective
 duties 9 ^? relations2 i4e4 ,! rule    
assumes t he ,,kn[s :at he ,,ought to   
expect or desire 9 simil> circum/ances4 
,i w te/ ?is affirmation by sev]al &    
v>i$ illu/rations4 ,i w %[ h[ ,*ri/1    
accord+ to y\r exposition ( 8 rule1     
speaks on ! subject1--( rev5ge1 m>riage1
 emancipation1--! fugitive f bondage4 ,&
 h[ he truly speaks on ^! subjects4     
,rev5ge--,"r accord+ to y\r view ( !    
,gold5 ,rule4   ,indian &               
,mission>y--,prison] ti$ to a tree1 /uck
 ov] ) burn+ spl9t]s4  ,"h is an ,indian
 tortur+ 8 prison]4 ,! mission>y        
approa*es & besee*es him to reg>d !     
,gold5 ,rule4 ,humph6 utt]s ! savage3   

,gold5 ,rule6 :at's t8 ,:y says ! good  
man1 all t y expect or desir$ o!r       
,indians1 9 simil> circum/ances1 d y ev5
 s to !m4 ,humph6 gr[ls ! w>rior1 ) a   
fi]ce smile1--,mission>y--good3 t's :at 
,i d n[4 ,if ,i 0 ti$ to t tree1 ,i w\ld
 expect & desire him to h 8 rev5ge1--to 
d to me z ,i d to him2 & ,i w\ld s+ my  
dea?-song1 z he s+s 84 ,mission>y1 y\r  
rule is ,indian rule1--good rule1       
mission>y4 ,humph6 ,& he /icks m spl9t]s
 into 8 victim1 br&i%es 8 tomahawk1 &   
yells4  ,sir1 :at has ! mission>y to    
say1 aft] ?is p]fect pro( t y h mi/ak5 !
 great law ( "r8 ,v]ily1 he f9ds t !    
rule1 ) y\r explanation1 tells ! ,indian
 to torture 8 prison]4 ,v]ily1 he f9ds t
 ! wild man has ! be/ ( ! argum5t4 ,he  
f9ds he _h left out ! ^w ,,ought2 & t he
 c't put x 91 until he tea*es ! ,indian 
?+s :i* z yet he don't "k4 ,yea1 he f9ds
 he gave ! comm&m5t too soon2 = t he mu/
 beg9 back ( t comm&m5t1 & tea* ! savage
 ,god's ord9ation ( ! relations 9 :i* he
 is to 8 fell[-m51 be=e he c make him   

compreh5d or apply ! rule z ,*ri/ gives 
x4    ,m>riage--,void "u y\r            
,int]pretation ( ! ,gold5 ,rule4   ,lucy
 ,/one1 & ,moses--,lady on s(a1 hav+ j  
divorc$ h]self--,moses1 ) ! ,tables ( ! 
,law1 appe>s3 %e falls at 8 feet1 &     
cov]s h] face ) h] h&s4  ,?is woman1    
ev]ybody kn[s1 0 m>ri$ "s "t s9ce1 aft] 
a fa%ion2 t is to say1 prote/+ publicly 
aga9/ all laws ( w$lock1 & ent]+ into ! 
relation s long only z %e1 or h] husb&1 
might cont9ue pleas$ !re)4  ,v well4 ,!n
 ,i1 )\t insult to h] or (f5se to my    
read]s1 suppose t ab\t ?is "t %e has %[n
 h] unali5able "r to lib]ty & equality  
by giv+ h] husb& a bill ( divorcem5t4   
,free aga91 %e recl9es on h] c\*1 & is  
read+ ! ,tribune4 ,x is mid-day4 ,b !re 
is a light1 above ! brightness ( ! sun1 
%9+ r\nd ab\t h]4 ,& he1 :o saw ,god on 
,s9ai1 /&s be=e h]1 ! glory on 8 face1 &
 ! tables ( /one 9 8 h&s4 ,! woman falls
 be=e him1 veils h] eyes ) h] trembl+   
f+]s1 & cries out1 ,moses1 oh1 ,i       
believ$ till n[ t ?\ practis$ deception1

 9 claim+ to be s5t ( ,god to ,israel4  
,b n[1 ,i "k ?\ did/ see ,god 9 ! burn+ 
bu%1 & he>d him speak t law f ! holy    
m\nta94 ,moses1 ,i "k 444 ,i            
confess44444 ,& ,moses answ]s1 & says   
unto h]1 ,woman1 ?\ art "o ( a great    
class 9 ?is l&1 :o claim to be m j ?an  
,god1 m pure ?an _! ,mak]1 :o h made _! 
inw>d light _! ,god4 ,woman1 ?\ 9       
'conv5tion' ha/ utt]$ ,decl>ation (     
,indep5d5ce f man4 ,&1 v]ily1 ?\ ha/    
ass]t$ ?is claim to equality &          
unali5able "r1 ev5 n[1 by giv+ ?y husb& 
8 bill ( divorcem5t1 9 ?y s5se ( !      
,gold5 ,rule4 ,yea1 v]ily1 ?\ ha/ done  
unto him all t ?\ expect$/ or desir$/ ( 
him1 9 simil> circum/ances4 ,& n[ ?\    
?9ke/ ?yself free aga94 ,woman1 ?\ art a
 s9n]4 ,v]ily1 ?9e inw>d light1 &       
decl>ation ( indep5d5ce1 & ,gold5 ,rule1
 d well agree ! "o ) ! o!r4 ,v]ily1 ?\  
ha/ le>n$ ( ,jeff]son1 & ,*ann+1 &      
,b>nes4 ,b1 woman1 not)/&+ ?\ ha/ sat at
 ! feet ( ^! wise m51 ,i1 ,moses1 say ?\
 art a s9n] be=e ! law1 & ! prophets1 & 

! gospel4 ,woman1 ?y light is d>kness2  
?y decl>ation ( equality & "r is vanity 
& folly2 & ?y ,gold5 ,rule is lic5se to 
wick$ness4  ,woman1 ha/ ?\ e>s8 ,he>3   
,i1 by au?ority ( ,god1 orda9$ t ! man  
%\ld rule ov] !e4 ,i plac$ !e1 & *ildr51
 & m5-s]vants1 & maid-s]vants1 "u ! same
 law ( subjection to ! gov]nm5t orda9$ (
 ,god 9 ! family1--! /ate4 ,i = a "t    
sanction$ polygamy1 & made x "r4 ,i1 = !
 h>dness ( m5's he>ts1 all[$ !m1 & made 
x "r1 to give _! wives a bill (         
divorcem5t4 ,woman1 he>4 ,paul1 hav+ !  
same ,_s ( ,god1 confirms my ^w4 ,he    
comm&s wives1 & *ildr51 & s]vants1 aft] 
?is mann]3--',wives1 submit y\rselves   
unto y\r own husb&s1 z x is fit 9 ! ,"l2
 *ildr51 obey y\r p>5ts 9 all ?+s1 = ?is
 is well pleas+ unto ! ,"l2 s]vants1    
obey 9 all ?+s y\r ma/]s accord+ to !   
fle%2 n ) eye-s]vice1 z m5-pleas]s2 b 9 
s+l5ess ( he>t1 fe>+ ,god4' ,woman1     
,paul makes t rule ! same1 & t          
submission1 ! same4 ,! mann] ( ! rule he
 v>ies ) ! relations4 ,he requires x to 

be1 9 ! love ( ! husb&1 ev5 z ,*ri/ lov$
 ! *ur*1--9 ! mildness ( ! fa!r1 n      
provok+ ! *ildr5 to ang]1 le/ !y be     
disc\rag$1--9 ! ju/ice & equity ( !     
ma/]1 kn[+ t he also has a ma/] 9 heav53
 7,colossians47 ,woman1 he>4 ,paul says 
to !e1 ! man n[ %all h "o wife1 & he n[ 
%all n give h] a bill ( divorcem5t1 save
 = crime4 ,woman1 ?\ art n free f ?y    
husb&4 ,*ri/'s ,gold5 ,rule mu/ n be    
int]pret$ by !e z ,a4 ,b>nes has r5d]$  
x2 ,*ri/ assumes t ?\ believe/ ,god's   
tru?1--t ?\ kn[e/ ! relation ( husb& &  
wife1 & ! obligations & rights ( ! same1
 z 9 ! ,bible2 !n1 9 ! light ( ?is k1   
v]ily1 ?\ art requir$ to d :at ,god says
 ?\ oughte/ to d4 ,woman1 ?\ art a s9n]4
 ,g1 s9 no m4 ,g1 f9d ?y husb&2 see to x
 t he takes !e back4 ,g1 submit to him1 
& honor him1 & obey him4                
,emancipation--,ru9--,gold5 ,rule1 9 y\r
 mean+1 c>ri$ out4   ,isl& 9 !          
,tropics--,elegant h\ses fall+ to       
decay--,broad fields ab&on$ to !        
=e/--,:>ves grass-gr[n--,negroes relaps+

 into ! savage /ate--,a d>k cl\d ov] !  
isl&1 ?r\gh :i* ! lightn+ gl>es1        
reveal+1 9 r$ writ+1 ^! words3--,r$eem$1
 reg5]at$1 & dis5?rall$ by ! irresi/ible
 g5ius ( univ]sal                       
emancipation4--,gospel--accord+ to      
,curran--& ! ,briti% ,p>liam5t4         
,jamaica1 sir1 to say no?+ ( ,/4 ,dom+o1
 is illu/ration ( y\r !ory ( ! ,gold5   
,rule1 9 negro emancipation4 ,y tell !  
,s\!rn ma/] t all he w\ld expect or     
desire1 if he 7 a slave1 he mu/ d unto 8
 bondman2 t he mu/ n pause to ask :e!r !
 relation ( ma/] & slave be orda9$ (    
,god or n4 ,no4 ,y tell him1 if he w\ld 
expect or desire lib]ty 7 he a slave1 t 
settles ! "q z to :at he is to d6 ,he   
mu/ let 8 bondman g free4 ,yea1 t is :at
 y tea*3 because ! mom5t y put 9 ! ^w   
,,ought1 & say1 all t y ,,ought to      
expect or desire1--i4e4 all t y "k ,god 
comm&s y to expect  or desire 9 y\r     
relations to m51 z e/abli%$ by him1--,,t
 d to !m4 ,sir1 :5 y ?us expla9 ! ,gold5
 ,rule1 !n y\r argum5t aga9/            

slave-hold+1 s f> z f\nd$ on ?is rule1  
is at once arre/$2 x is /opp$ %ort1 9   
full c>e]2 x has to wait = re9=cem5t (  
,,fact1 :i* may nev] come up4 ,=1       
suppose ! ,,fact to be1 t ! relation (  
ma/] & slave is "o mode ( ! gov]nm5t    
orda9$ ( ,god4 ,!n1 sir1 ! ma/]1 kn[+ t 
,,fact1 & kn[+ :at ! slave1 z a slave1  
,,ought to expect or desire1 he1 ! ma/]1
 !n ,,fulfils ,,! ,,gold5 ,,rule :5 he  
does t unto 8 slave :i*1 9 simil>       
circum/ances1 he ,,ought to expect to be
 done unto himself4 ,n[ comes ! "q1     
,,ought he !n to expect or desire lib]ty
 & equality8 ,,t is ! "q ( que/ions on  
?is subject4 ,& )\t hesitation ,i reply1
 ,! ,gold5 ,rule ,,decides t "q ,,yea or
 ,,nay1 absolutely & p]fectly1 z ,god's 
^w or provid5ce %[s t ! ,,good ( !      
family1 ! community1 ! /ate1 ,,requires 
t ! slave ,,is or ,,is ,,n to be set    
free & made equal4 ,,t ,,good1 z ,god   
reveals x1 ,,settles ,,! ,,"q4  ,let !  
ma/] !n see to x1 h[ he he>s ,god's ^w z
 to ,,t ,,good4 ,let him see to x1 h[ he

 und]/&s ,god's provid5ce z to ,,t      
,,good4 ,let him see to x1 t he makes no
 mi/ake z to ,,t ,,good4 ,= ,god w n    
hold him guiltless1 if he w n he> :at he
 tells him z to ,,t ,,good4 ,god w n    
ju/ify him1 if he has a bad consci5ce or
 blund]s 9 8 philosophy4 ,god w puni%   
him1 if he fails to bless 8 l& by lett+ 
! bond g free :51 he ,,ought to         
emancipate4 ,& ,god w puni% him1 if he  
br+s a curse ^u 8 c\ntry by free+ 8     
slave :5 he ,,ought ,,n to give him     
lib]ty4  ,s1 !n1 ! ,gold5 ,rule does n1 
,,( ,,itself1 reveal to man at all :at  
are 8 ,,relations to 8 fell[-m52 b x    
tells him :at he is to ,,d1 :5 he       
,,already ,,kn[s ,,!m4  ,s1 !n1 y1 sir1 
_c be p]mitt$ to tell ! _w t ?is rule   
mu/ emancipate all ! negro slaves 9 !   
,unit$ ,/ates1--no matt] h[ unprep>$ !y 
may be1--no matt] h[ degrad$1--no matt] 
h[ unlike & unequal to ! :ite man by    
creation1--no matt] if x be a natural & 
moral impossibility1--no matt]3 ! ,gold5
 ,rule mu/ emancipate by au?ority ( !   

fir/ s5tim5ts ( ! ,decl>ation (         
,indep5d5ce1 & by obligation ( ! great  
law ( lib]ty1--! intuitional            
consci\sness ( ! et]nal "r6  ,no4 ,!    
,rule1 z said1 presupposes t he :o is   
requir$ to obey x does already "k !     
relations 9 :i* ,god has plac$ him1 & ! 
respective duties 9 ^? conditions4 ,has 
,god1 !n1 e/abli%$ ! relations ( husb& &
 wife1 p>5t & *ild1 ma/] & slave8 ,yes4 
,!n ! comm& comes4 ,x says to ! husb&1  
,to aid y 9 y\r kn[n obligations to y\r 
wife1--to give y a lively s5se (        
x1--suppose y\rself to be ! wife3       
:atsoev]1 !re=e1 y ,,ought1 9 t         
condition1 to expect or desire1 t1 z    
husb&1 d unto y\r wife4 ,x says to !    
p>5t1 ,imag9e y\rself ! *ild2 &         
:atsoev]1 z su*1 y ,,ought to expect or 
desire1 t1 z p>5t1 d unto y\r *ild4 ,x  
says to ! ma/]1 ,put y\rself 9 ! place (
 y\r slave2 & :atsoev] y ,,ought1 9 t   
condition1 to expect or desire1 t1 z    
ma/]1 d unto y\r slave4 ,let husb&1     
p>5t1 ma/]1 "k 8 obligations f ,god1 &  

obey ! ,rule4    ,fugitive              
,slave--,obey+ ! ,gold5 ,rule "u y\r    
v]sion4   ,honorable ,jo%ua ,r4 ,gidd+s 
& ! ,angel ( ! ,"l--,hon4 ,g5tleman at  
table--,n9e runaway negroes d9+ )       
him--,! ,angel1 un9vit$1 comes 9 &      
di/urbs ! fea/4  ,gidd+s has boa/$ 9    
,congress ( hav+ _h n9e fugitive slaves 
to break bread ) him at "o "t4 ,i *oose1
 !n1 to imag9e t1 dur+ ! d9n]1 ! angel  
:o f\nd ,hag> by ! f\nta9 /&s sudd5ly 9 
! mid/1 & says to ! negroes1 ,ye slaves1
 :5ce came ye1 & :i!r w ye g8 ,& !y     
answ] & say1 ,we flee f ! face ( our    
ma/]s4 ,?is abolitioni/ told u to kill1 
& /eal1 & run away f bondage2 & we h    
murd]$ & /ol5 & escap$4 ,he1 ?\ see/1   
welcomes u to lib]ty & equality4 ,we    
expect & desire to be memb]s (          
,congress1 ,gov]nors ( ,/ates1 to m>ry  
among ! great1 & "o ( u to be ,presid5t4
 ,gidd+s1 & all abolitioni/s1 tell u t  
^! honors belong to u equally z to :ite 
p1 & w be giv5 "u ! ,gold5 ,rule4 ,& !  
angel ( ! ,"l says to !m1 ,ye slaves1   

return unto y\r ma/]s1 & submit         
y\rselves "u _! h&s4 ,i s5t y\r fa!rs1 &
 ,i s5d y1 into bondage4 ,i mean x unto 
good1 & ,i w br+ x to pass to save mu* p
 alive4 ,!n1 turn+ to ! tempt]1 he says1
 ,?\1 a /atesman6 ?\1 a read] ( my ^w & 
provid5ce6 :y ha/ ?\ n und]/ood my spee*
 to ,hag>8 ,i gave h]1 a slave1 to      
,s>ah4 ,%e fl$ f h] mi/ress4 ,i s5t h]  
back4 ,:y ha/ ?\ n und]/ood my ^w f\r   
?\s& ye>s ago1--t ! slave %all n flee f 
8 ma/]8 ,:y ha/ ?\ also p]v]t$ my law 9 
,deut]onomy1 7xxiii4 #ae1 #af87 ,i say  
!re91 ',?\ %alt n deliv] unto 8 ma/] !  
s]vant :i* is escap$ f 8 ma/] unto !e3  
he %all dwell ) !e1 ev5 among y1 9 t    
place :i* he %all *oose1 9 "o ( ?y gates
 :]e x like? him be/3 ?\ %alt n oppress 
him4' ,:y ha/ ?\ n kn[n t ,i meant !    
hea!n slave :o escap$ f 8 hea!n ma/]8 ,i
 comm&$1 ,israel1 9 su* case1 n to hold 
him 9 bondage4 ,i made ?is specific law 
= ?is specific fact4 ,:y ha/ ?\ taught  
t1 9 ?is comm&m5t1 ,i gave lic5se to all
 m5-s]vants & maid-s]vants 9 ! :ole l& (

 ,israel to run away f _! ma/]s8 ,:y ha/
 ?\ ?us made me1 9 "o say+1 contradict &
 make void all my laws :]e9 ,i orda9$ t 
! ,hebrews %\ld be slave-own]s ov] _!   
bre?r5 dur+ ye>s1 & ov] ! hea!n =ev]8   
,:y ha/ ?\ 9 all ?is *ang$ my ,gold5    
,rule8 ,i1 9 t rule1 assume t m5 "k f   
revelation & provid5ce ! relations 9 :i*
 ,i h plac$ !m1 & _! duties !re94 ,i !n 
comm& !m to d unto o!rs :at !y ?us "k !y
 ought to d unto !m 9 ^! relations2 & ,i
 make ! obligation quick & p[]ful1 by   
tell+ e man to imag9e himself 9 su*     
conditions1 & !n he w ! bett] ,,"k      
':atsoev]' he %\ld d unto 8 neighbor4   
,:y ha/ ?\ made void my law1 by mak+ me 
say1 ',all t ?\ expecte/ or desire/ (   
o!rs1 9 simil> circum/ances1 d to !m'8  
,i nev] imag9$ to give su* lic5se to    
folly & s94 ,:y ha/ ?\ imag9$ su* lic5se
 to iniquity8 ,v]ily1 ?\ tempt]1 ?\ ha/ 
9 ?y ,gold5 ,rule made ^! slaves ?ieves 
& murd]]s1 & art n[ eat+ ) !m ! bread ( 
s9 & dea?4  ,:y ha/ ?\ tortur$ my spee* 
:]e9 ,i say t ,i h made ( "o blood all  

nations ( m51 to mean t ,i h creat$ all 
m5 equal & end[$ !m ) rights unali5able 
save 9 _! cons5t8 ,i nev] said t ?+6 ,i 
said t ,i made all m5 to desc5d f "o    
p>5tage6 ,t is :at ,i say 9 t place6 ,:y
 ha/ ?\ tortur$ t pla9 tru?8 ,?\ mighte/
 z well tea* t all '! mov+ creatures t h
 life1 & f[l t fly above ! e>?1 9 ! op5 
firmam5t ( heav51' are creat$ equal1    
because ,i said ,i br\ght !m =? ( !     
wat]4 ,?\ mighte/ z well say t 'all     
cattle1 & creep+ ?+ & bea/ ( ! e>?1 are 
creat$ equal1 because ,i said ,i br\ght 
!m =? ( ! e>?1 z to affirm ! equality ( 
m5 because ,i say !y are ( "o blood4    
,nay1 ,i h made m5 unequal z ! leaves ( 
! trees1 ! s&s ( ! sea1 ! />s ( heav54  
,i h made !m s1 9 h>mony ) ! inf9ite    
v>iety & inequality 9 e ?+ 9 my         
creation4 ,& ,i h made !m unequal 9 my  
m]cy4 ,_h ,i made all m5 equal 9        
attributes ( body & m9d1 !n unfall5 man 
w\ld nev] h realiz$ ! v>i$ glories ( 8  
de/9y4 ,& _h ,i giv5 fall5 man equality 
( nature & unali5able rights1 !n ,i _h  

made ! e>? an ,aceldama & ,valley (     
,geh5na4 ,= :at w\ld be ! /rife 9 all ! 
e>? among m5 equal 9 body & m9d1 equal 9
 p[]1 equal 9 depravity1 equal 9 w1 ea* 
"o ma9ta9+ rights unali5able8 ,:5 w\ld !
 w> end8 ,:o w\ld be ! victors :]e all  
are giants8 ,:o w\ld sue = peace :]e    
none w submit8 ,:at w\ld be human social
 life8 ,:o w\ld be ! weak1 ! lov+8 ,:o  
w\ld seek or ne$ =be>ance1 compassion1  
self-d5y+ b5evol5ce8 ,:o w\ld be !      
grateful8 ,:o w\ld be ! humble1 ! meek8 
,:at w\ld be human virtue1 :at human    
vice1 :at human joy or sorr[8 ,nay1 ,i h
 made m5 unequal & giv5 !m ali5able     
rights1 t ,i might ,,in/itute ,,human   
,,gov]nm5t & reveal ,,human ,,"*4  ,:y  
ha/ ?\ be5 will+ly ignorant ( ^! fir/   
pr9ciples ( ! oracles ( ,god1 :i* w\ld h
 made !e truly a ,*ri/ian philosoph] &  
/atesman8    ,fugitive ,slave--,obey+ ! 
,gold5 ,rule z ,*ri/ gave x   ,rev4 ,a4 
,b>nes & ! ,apo/le ,paul--,m9i/] ( !    
gospel 9 8 /udy--,fugitive slave1       
conv]t$ "u 8 prea*+1 inquir+ :e!r x is n

 8 duty to return to 8 ma/]--,paul      
appe>s & rebukes ! m9i/] = wre/+ 8      
,gospel4  ,) all respect & affection =  
y1 sir1 ,i imag9e a slave1 hav+ run away
 f 8 ma/] & become a ,*ri/ian "u y\r    
prea*+1 might1 ) ! ,bible 9 8 h&s & !   
,holy ,_s 9 8 he>t1 h1 despite y\r      
tra9+1 "q ( consci5ce1 :e!r he did "r to
 leave 8 ma/]1 & ought n to g back4 ,&  
,i ?9k h[ ,paul w\ld li/51 & :at he w\ld
 say1 to y\r int]pretation ( 8 ,epi/le  
to ,philemon4 ,i ?9k he w\ld say1--  ,i 
)/& !e to ?y face1 because ?\ art to be 
blam$4 ,:y ha/ ?\ writt51 9 ?y ',notes1'
 t ! ^w ,i apply to ,onesimus may mean1 
n slave1 b hir$ s]vant8 ,:y ha/ ?\ said 
?is 9 unsupport$ ass]tion8 ,:y ha/ ?\   
giv5 no respect to ,rob9son1 & all ?y   
wise m51 :o agree t ! ^w :]e9 ,i express
 ,onesimus's relation to ,philemon nev] 
means a hir$ s]vant1 b a slave1--!      
prop]ty ( 8 ma/]1--a liv+ possession8   
,:y ha/ ?\ call$ 9 "q ! fact t ,philemon
 0 a slave-hold]8 ,:y ha/ ?\ taught t1  
if he 0 a slave-hold] :5 he became a    

,*ri/ian1 he c\ld n cont9ue1 consi/5tly1
 to be a slave-own] & a ,*ri/ian1--t if 
he did s cont9ue1 he w\ld n be 9 good   
/&+1 b an (f5d] 9 ! *ur*8 7,see ,notes47
  ,i say ,philemon 0 ! ma/] ( ,onesimus1
 9 ! real s5se ( a slave-own]1 "u ,roman
 law1 9 :i* he _h ! "r ( life & dea? ov]
 him1--be+ !reby a ma/] 9 possession (  
p[] unkn[n 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,& yet ,i 
call ,philemon 'our de>ly belov$ &      
fell[-labor]1' ,i tell him t ,i s5d to  
him aga9 ,onesimus1 :o _h be5           
unpr(itable to him 9 "t pa/2 b n[1 be+ a
 ,*ri/ian1 he w\ld be pr(itable4 ,i tell
 him1 ,i s5d him aga91 n a slave1       
7only17 b above a slave1 a ,*ri/ian     
bro!r1 belov$1 specially to me1 b h[ mu*
 m unto him1 bo? 9 ! fle% & 9 ! ,"l4    
,do/ ?\ "k1 ,alb]t ,b>nes1 :at ,i mean  
by t ^w1 9 ! fle%8 ,v]ily1 ,i knew ! ?+s
 :]e9 ! ma/] & ! slave are belov$1 ! "o 
( ! o!r1 9 ! be/ affections ( human     
nature1 & 9 ! ,"l6 !re=e ,i say to      
,philemon t he1 z ma/]1 c\ld receive    
,onesimus z 8 slave1 & yet z a bro!r1   

,,m belov$1 by reason ( 8 relation to   
him z ma/]1 ?an ,i c\ld reg>d him6 ,yea1
 v]ily1--& ,i say to !e1 ,alb]t ,b>nes1 
?\ ha/ nev] be5 9 ! ,s\?1 & ?\ do/ n    
und]/&1 & can/ n und]/&1 ! =ce1 or ev5 !
 mean+1 ( my words 9 ! fle%2 i4e4 9 !   
love ( ! ma/] & ! slave to "o ano!r4 ,b 
,philemon ,i knew w\ld feel its p[]1 & s
 ,i made t appeal to him4  ,:y ha/ ?\   
said1 t ,i did n s5d ,onesimus back by  
au?ority8 ,i did s5d him back by        
au?ority1--yea1 by au?ority ( ! ,"l     
,jesus ,*ri/8 ,= x 0 my duty to s5d him 
aga9 to ,philemon1 :e!r he _h be5 will+ 
to g or n2 & x 0 8 duty to g4 ,b he 0   
will+4 ,s we bo? felt our obligations2  
&1 :5 ,i comm&$1 he *e]fully obey$4 ,:at
 else 0 my duty & 88 ,_h ,i n said1 9   
l9e ^u l9e & 9 precept ^u precept1      
',s]vants1 obey 9 all ?+s y\r ma/]s     
accord+ to ! fle%2 n ) eye-s]vice1 z    
m5-pleas]s1 b 9 s+l5ess ( he>t1 pleas+  
,god'8 7,coloss4 iii4 #bb47 ,_h n ,pet] 
writt51 ',s]vants1 be subject to y\r    
ma/]s ) all fe>2 n only to ! good &     

g5tle1 b also to ! fr[>d'8 7#a ,pet4 ii4
 #ah47 ,onesimus _h brok5 ^! comm&m5ts  
:5 he fl$ f 8 ma/]4 ,0 x n !n ( my      
responsibility to s5d him aga9 to       
,philemon8 ,& 0 x n ,*ri/'s law to him  
to return & submit himself "u 8 ma/]'s  
h&8  ,:y1 !n1 ha/ ?\ n und]/ood my      
spee*8 ,has x be5 ev5 because ?\ c\ld/ n
 he> my ^w8 ,:at else has h9d]$8 ,:at m 
c\ld ,i h said1 ?an 79 #a ,tim4 vi4     
#a-e7 ,i d say1 to rebuke all           
abolitioni/s8 ,yea1 ,i describe !m--,i  
%[ _! pr9ciples--z fully z if ,i _h     
call$ !m by "n 9 ,bo/on1 9 ,new ,york1 9
 ,philadelphia1 & said !y w\ld live 9   
#aheg4  ,& yet ?\ ha/1 9 ?y comm5t>y on 
my lett] to ,timo?y1 utt]ly di/ort$1    
maim$1 & falsifi$ my mean+4 ,?\ ha/ m+l$
 tru? & untru? s toge!r z to make me say
 :at 0 n & is n 9 my m9d4 ,= ?\ tea*e/ !
 slave1 :ile pr(ess+ n s to tea* him1 t 
,i tell him t he is n to c\nt 8 ma/]    
wor?y ( all honor2 t he is to despise   
him2 t he is n to d him s]vice z to a   
,*ri/ian fai?ful & belov$4 ,no4 ,b ?\   

tea*e/ ! slave1 9 my "n1 to reg>d 8     
,*ri/ian ma/] an (f5d] 9 ! sight (      
,*ri/1 if he cont9ues a slave-own]4  ,?\
 telle/ him to obey only 9 ! s5se 9 :i* 
he is to submit to inju/ice1 oppression1
 & cruelty2 & t he is ev] to seek to ?r[
 (f ! yoke 9 8 creat$ equality &        
unali5able "r to lib]ty4 7,see ,notes47 
,?is is :at ?\ ha/ taught z my gospel4  
,b ,i comm&$ !e to tea* & exhort j !    
contr>y4 ,i comm&$ !e to say aft] ?is   
way3--',let z _m s]vants z are "u !     
yoke1 c\nt _! own ma/]s wor?y ( all     
honor1 t ! "n ( ,god & 8 doctr9e be n   
blasphem$4 ,& !y t h believ+ ma/]s1 let 
!m n despise !m1 because !y are bre?r52 
b r d !m s]vice1 because !y are fai?ful 
& belov$1 p>tak]s ( ! b5efit4 ,^! ?+s   
tea* & exhort4'  ,?\1 9 ?y ',notes1' art
 compell$1 ?\gh mo/ unwill+ly1 to       
confess t ,i d mean slaves 9 ?is place1 
9 ! full & prop] s5se2 yea1 slaves "u ! 
,roman law4 ,good4 ,!n d ,i "h tell     
slaves to c\nt _! ma/]s1 ev5 :5 n       
,*ri/ians1 wor?y ( all honor2 &1 :5     

,*ri/ians1 to reg>d !m z fai?ful &      
belov$1 & n to despise !m1 & to d !m    
s]vice8 ,yet1 aft] all ?is1 d ,i say to 
^! same slaves t !y h a creat$ equality 
& unali5able "r to lib]ty1 "u :i*1 :5ev]
 !y ?9k fit1 ,i comm& !m to di%onor _!  
ma/]s1 despise !m1 & run away6 ,sir1 ,i 
did nev] s in/ruct slaves2 nay1 ,i did  
nev] comm& !e s to tea* !m4 ,b ,i did & 
d exhort !e n s to tra9 !m2 = ,i said !n
 & say n[ to !e1 ',if any man tea*      
slaves o!rwise1 ?an to honor _! ma/]s z 
fai?ful & belov$1 & to d !m s]vice1 &   
cons5t n to :olesome words1 ev5 ! words 
( ! ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 & to ! doctr9e :i*
 is accord+ to godl9ess1 he is pr\d1    
kn[+ no?+1 b dot+ ab\t que/ions & /rifes
 ( words1 :]e( come? envy1 /rife1       
rail+s1 evil surmis+s1 p]v]se disput+s (
 m5 ( corrupt m9ds1 & ,,de/itute ,,( ,,!
 ,,tru?1 suppos+ t ga9 is godl9ess2 f   
su* )draw ?yself1'  ,:at m c\ld ,i h    
said to ! abolitioni/s ( my day8 ,:at m 
c ,i say to !m 9 ?is day8 ,t :i* 0 true 
( !m two ?\s& ye>s ago1 is true n[4 ,i  

rebuk$ abolitioni/s !n1 & ,i rebuke !m  
n[4 ,i tell !m ! ?+s 9 _! he>ts1--! ?+s 
on _! tongues1--! ?+s 9 _! h&s1--are    
contr>y to :olesome words1 ev5 ! words (
 ! ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,can/ ?\ he> my    
words 9 ?is place )\t feel+ h[ fai?fully
 ,i h giv5 ! head1 & ! he>t1 & ! words1 
& ! do+s ( ! m51 f :om ?\ ha/ n )drawn  
?yself8  ,v]ily1 ?\ can/ n he> my spee*1
 & !re=e ?\ can/ n int]pret my gospel4  
,?\ believe/ x is impossible t ,i       
sanction slav]y6 ,h5ce x is impossible =
 !e to und]/& my words3 = ,i d sanction 
slav]y4 ,h[8 ,?us3--  ,i f\nd slav]y 9  
,asia1 9 ,greece1 9 ,rome4 ,i saw x to  
be "o mode ( ! gov]nm5t orda9$ ( ,god4  
,i reg>d$ x1 9 mo/ conditions ( fall5   
mank9d1 necess>ily & irresi/ibly "p (   
su* gov]nm5t1 & !re=e z natural1 z wise1
 z good1 9 su* conditions1 z ! o!r ways 
m5 are rul$ 9 ! /ate or ! family4  ,i   
took up slav]y1 !n1 z su* orda9$        
gov]nm5t1--wise1 good1 yea be/1 9 c]ta9 
circum/ances1 until1 9 ! elevat+ _s &   
p[] ( my gospel1 ! slave is made fit = !

 lib]ty & equality ( 8 ma/]1 if he c be 
s lift$ up4 ,h5ce ,i make ! ,,rule (    
magi/rate1 subject1 ma/] & s]vant1 p>5t 
& *ild1 husb& & wife1 ,,! ,,same ,,rule2
 i4e4 ,i make x ,,! ,,same ,,"r 9 !     
sup]ior to control ! ob$i5ce & ! s]vice 
( ! inf]ior1 b\nd to obey1 :atev] !     
diff]5ce 9 ! relations & s]vice to be   
r5d]$4 ,yea1 ,i give exactly ! same     
comm& to all 9 ^! relations2 & ?us1 9   
all my words1 ,i make x pla9ly to be    
und]/ood t ,i reg>d slav]y to be z      
righte\s a mode ( gov]nm5t z t (        
magi/rate & subject1 p>5t & *ild1 husb& 
& wife1 dur+ ! circum/ances & times 9   
:i* ,god is pleas$ to h x cont9ue4 ,i   
saw all ! inju/ice1 ! oppression1 !     
cruelty1 ma/]s might be guilty (1 & 7 & 
are n[ guilty (2 b ,i saw no m inju/ice1
 oppression1 & cruelty1 9 ! relation (  
ma/] & slave1 ?an ,i saw 9 all o!r =ms (
 rule1--ev5 9 t ( husb& & wife1 p>5t &  
*ild4 ,9 my gospel ,i condemn wrong 9   
all ^! /ates ( life1 :ile ,i fully      
sanction & su/a9 ! relations !mselves4  

,i tell ! magi/rate1 husb&1 fa!r1 ma/]1 
h[ to rule2 ,i tell ! subject1 wife1    
*ild1 s]vant1 h[ to submit4 ,h5ce1 ,i   
comm& ! slave n to flee f bondage1 j z  
,i require ! subject1 ! wife1 ! *ild1 n 
to resi/ or flee f ob$i5ce4 ,i w>n !    
slave1 if he leaves 8 ma/] he has s9n$1 
& mu/ return2 & ,i make x ! duty ( all  
m5 to see to x1 t he %all g back4 ,h5ce1
 ,i myself did :at ,i comm& o!rs to d3  
,i s5t ,onesimus back to 8 ma/]4  ,?us  
,i sanction slav]y ev]y:]e 9 ! ,new     
,te/am5t4 ,b x is impossible = !e1 ) ?y 
pr9ciples1--?y law ( reason1--?y law (  
creat$ equality & unali5able "r1--?y    
elevation ( ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce 
above ! ord9ance ( ,god1--to su/a9      
slav]y4 ,nay1 x is impossible = !e1 ) ?y
 int]pretation ( ,*ri/'s ,gold5 ,rule1  
to recognise ! sy/em ( s]vile labor2    
nay1 x is impossible = !e to tell ?is   
slave to return to 8 ma/] z ,i s5t      
,onesimus back2 nay1 ?\ art gu>d$ by ?y 
,gold5 ,rule4 ,?\ telle/ him t1 if ?\   
had/ be5 9 8 place1 ?\ w\ld/ h expect$1 

desir$ fre$om1 t ?\ w\ld/ h run away1 & 
t ?\ w\ld/ n n[ return2 t ?\ w\ld/ h    
reg>d$ ?y creat$ equality & unali5able  
"r z ?y supreme law1 & h disreg>d$ &    
scorn$ all o!r obligations z pret5d$    
revelation f ,god4 ,!re=e ?\ n[ doe/    
unto him ':atsoev]' ?\ w\ld/ expect or  
desire him to d unto !e 9 simil>        
circum/ances2 i4e4 ?\ telle/ him he did 
"r to run away1 & w d "r n to return6   
,?is is ?y ,gold5 ,rule4 ,b ,i did n    
in/ruct !e s to le>n ,*ri/4 ,nay1 ?is   
slave kn[s ?\ ha/ n n giv5 him ! m9d (  
,*ri/2 nay1 he kn[s t ,*ri/ comm&s !e to
 s5d him to 8 ma/] aga94 ,& ?us d :at ?\
 ,,oughte/ to expect or desire 9 simil> 
circum/ances2 yea1 d n[ ?y duty1 & ?is  
slave1 l ,onesimus1 w bless !e = giv+   
him a good consci5ce :5ev] he w return  
to 8 ob$i5ce4 ,?us ,paul1 ! ag$1 speaks 
to !e4  ,s1 !n1 ! ,gold5 ,rule is ! :ole
 ,bible2 yea1 ,*ri/ says x is-! law & ! 
prophets2 yea1 x is ! ,old ,te/am5t & ! 
,new cond5s$2 & ) ev]-increas+ glory (  
,provid5ce 9 "o sublime aphorism1 :i* c 

be und]/ood & obey$ only by ^? :o "k :at
 ! ,bible1 or ,provid5ce1 reveals z to  
man's v>i$ conditions & 8 obligations   
!re94  ,i ?9k1 sir1 ,i h refut$ y\r     
int]pretation ( ! ,gold5 ,rule1 & h giv5
 its true mean+4  ,! slave-hold]1 !n1   
may h a good consci5ce "u ?is comm&m5t4 
,let him s ex]cise himself z to h a     
consci5ce void ( (f5ce t[>ds ,god &     
t[>ds m54  ,y\rs1 c4 ,f4,a4 ,ross4      
,conclusion4    ,i int5d$ to1 & may yet1
 9 a subsequ5t edition1 write two m     
lett]s to ,a4 ,b>nes4 ,! "o1 to %[ h[   
infidelity has be5 pass+ (f f ! ,s\? to 
! ,nor?1--especially s9ce ! ,*ri/ian    
dea? ( ,jackson2 ! o!r1 to meet ,mr4    
,b>nes's argum5t f\nd$ on ! _s ( ! age4 
,! ,end4