,,rob]t',s ,,rules ,,( ,,ord] ,= ,delib]ative ,assemblies ,"p ,i4 ,rules ( ,ord]4 ,a ,comp5dium ( ,p>liam5t>y ,law1 bas$ ^u ! rules & practice ( ,congress4 ,"p ,,ii4 ,organization & ,conduct ,( ,bus9ess4 ,a simple explanation ( ! me?ods ( organiz+ & conduct+ ! bus9ess ( societies1 conv5tions1 & o!r delib]ative assemblies4 by ,major ,h5ry ,m4 ,rob]t1 ,corps ( ,eng9e]s1 ,u4,s4,a4 ,*icago3 ,s4 ,c4 ,griggs ,company4 #ahgf4 ,copyright1 ,a4,d4 #ahgf1 by ,h4 ,m4 ,rob]t ,pr9t$ by ,burdick ,armitage1 ,milwaukee ,,preface4 ,!re appe>s to be mu* ne$$ a "w on p>liam5t>y law1 bas$1 9 its g5]al pr9ciples1 ^u ! rules & practice ( ,congress1 & adapt$1 9 its details1 to ! use ( ord9>y societies4 ,su* a "w %\ld give1 n only ! me?ods ( organiz+ & conduct+ ! meet+s1 ! duties ( ! (fic]s & ! names ( ! ord9>y motions1 b 9 addition1 %\ld /ate 9 a sy/ematic mann]1 9 ref]5ce to ea* motion1 its object & effect2 :e!r x c be am5d$ or debat$2 if debatable1 ! ext5t to :i* x op5s ! ma9 "q to debate2 ! circum/ances "u :i* x c be made1 & :at o!r motions c be made :ile x is p5d+4 ,?is ,manual has be5 prep>$ ) a view to supply+ ! above in=mation 9 a cond5s$ & sy/ematic mann]1 ea* rule be+ ei!r complete 9 itself1 or giv+ ref]5ces to e section t 9 any way qualifies x1 s t a /rang] to ! "w c ref] to any special subject ) safety4 ,to aid 9 quickly ref]r+ to z _m z possible ( ! rules relat+ to ea* motion1 !re is plac$ imm$iately be=e ! ,index1 a ,table ( ,rules1 :i* enables "o1 )\t turn+ a page1 to f9d ! answ]s to "s two hundr$ que/ions4 ,! ,table ( ,rules is s arrang$ z to greatly assi/ ! read] 9 sy/ematiz+ 8 k ( p>liam5t>y law4 ,! second "p is a simple explanation ( ! common me?ods ( conduct+ bus9ess 9 ord9>y meet+s1 9 :i* ! motions are classifi$ accord+ to _! uses1 & ^? us$ = a simil> purpose comp>$ toge!r4 ,?is "p is expressly int5d$ = t l>ge class ( ! community1 :o are unfamili> ) p>liam5t>y usages & are unwill+ to devote mu* /udy to ! subject1 b w\ld be glad ) little labor to le>n en\gh to enable !m to take "p 9 meet+s ( delib]ative assemblies )\t fe> ( be+ out ( ord]4 ,! object ( ,rules ( ,ord] 9 delib]ative assemblies1 is to assi/ an assembly to accompli% ! "w = :i* x 0 design$1 9 ! be/ possible mann]4 ,to d ?is1 x is necess>y to some:at re/ra9 ! individual1 z ! "r ( an individual 9 any community to d :at he pleases1 is incompatible ) ! be/ int]e/s ( ! :ole4 ,:]e !re is no law1 b e man does :at is "r 9 8 own eyes1 !re is ! lea/ ( real lib]ty4 ,exp]i5ce has %[n ! importance ( def9it5ess 9 ! law2 & 9 ?is c\ntry1 :]e cu/oms are s slightly e/abli%$ & ! publi%$ manuals ( p>liam5t>y practice s conflict+1 no society %\ld attempt to conduct bus9ess )\t hav+ adopt$ "s "w ^u ! subject1 z ! au?ority 9 all cases n cov]$ by _! own rules4 ,x has be5 well said by "o ( ! greate/ ( ,engli% writ]s on p>liam5t>y law3 8,:e!r ^! =ms be 9 all cases ! mo/ rational or n is really n ( s great importance4 ,x is mu* m mat]ial t !re %\ld be a rule to g by1 ?an :at t rule is1 t !re may be a uni=mity ( proce$+ 9 bus9ess1 n subject to ! caprice ( ! *airman1 or capti\sness ( ! memb]s4 ,x is v mat]ial t ord]1 dec5cy & regul>ity be pres]v$ 9 a dignifi$ public body40 ,h4 ,m4 ,r4 ,decemb]1 #ahge4 ,,table ,,( ,,cont5ts4 ,preface ,introduction ,p>liam5t>y ,law ,plan ( ! ,"w ,def9itions ,"p ,i4--,rules ( ,ord] ,art4 ,i4--,introduction ( ,bus9ess #a4 ,h[ introduc$ #b4 ,obta9+ ! floor #c4 ,:at prec$es debate on a "q #d4 ,:at motions to be 9 writ+1 & h[ !y %all be divid$ #e4 ,modification ( a motion by ! mov] ,art4 ,,ii4--,g5]al ,classification ( ,motions #f4 ,pr9cipal or ,ma9 motions #g4 ,subsidi>y or ,second>y motions #h4 ,incid5tal motions #i4 ,privileg$ motions ,art4 ,,iii4--,motions & _! ,ord] ( ,prec$5ce ,privileg$ ,motions #aj4 ,to fix ! "t to :i* to adj\rn #aa4 ,adj\rn #ab4 ,que/ions ( privilege #ac4 ,ord]s ( ! day ,incid5tal ,motions #ad4 ,appeal ,que/ions ( ,ord] #ae4 ,objection to ! consid]ation ( a "q #af4 ,read+ pap]s #ag4 ,)drawal ( a motion #ah4 ,susp5sion ( ! ,rules ,subsidi>y ,motions #ai4 ,lie on ! table #bj4 ,previ\s ,"q #ba4 ,po/pone to a c]ta9 day #bb4 ,commit or ,re-commit #bc4 ,am5d #bd4 ,po/pone indef9itely ,miscellane\s ,motions #be4 ,fill+ blanks1 & ,nom9ations #bf4 ,r5ewal ( a motion #bg4 ,reconsid]ation ,art4 ,,iv4--,committees & ,in=mal ,action #bh4 ,committees #bi4 ,=m ( _! ,reports #cj4 ,reception ( _! ,reports #ca4 ,adoption ( _! ,reports #cb4 ,committee ( ! ,:ole #cc4 ,in=mal consid]ation ( a "q ,art4 ,v4--,debate & ,decorum #cd4 ,debate #ce4 ,undebatable que/ions & ^? op5+ ! ma9 "q to debate #cf4 ,decorum 9 debate #cg4 ,clos+ debate1 me?ods ( ,art4 ,art4 ,,vi4--,vote #ch4 ,vot+1 v>i\s modes ( #ci4 ,motions requir+ m ?an a majority vote ,art4 ,,vii4--,(fic]s & ! ,m9utes #dj4 ,*airman or ,presid5t #da4 ,cl]k1 or ,secret>y1 & ! ,m9utes ,art4 ,,viii4--,miscellane\s #db4 ,session #dc4 ,quorum #dd4 ,ord] ( bus9ess #de4 ,am5dm5t ( ! ,rules ( ,ord] ,"p ,,ii4--,organization & ,conduct ( ,bus9ess ,art4 ,,ix4--,organization & ,meet+s #df4 ,an ,occasional or ,mass ,meet+ 7a7 ,organization 7b7 ,adoption ( resolutions 7c7 ,committee on resolutions 7d7 ,additional ,(fic]s #dg4 ,a ,conv5tion or ,assembly ( ,delegates #dh4 ,a ,p]man5t ,society 7a7 ,fir/ meet+ 7b7 ,second meet+ #di4 ,con/itutions1 ,by-,laws1 ,rules ( ,ord] & ,/&+ ,rules ,art4 ,x4--,(fic]s & ,committees #ej4 ,presid5t or ,*airman #ea4 ,secret>y1 or ,cl]k1 & ! ,m9utes #eb4 ,treasur] #ec4 ,committees ,art4 ,,xi--,introduction ( ,bus9ess #ed4 ,introduction ( ,bus9ess ,art4 ,,xii4--,motions #ee4 ,motions classifi$ accord+ to _! object #ef4 ,to ,am5d or modify 7a7 ,am5d 7b7 ,commit #eg4 ,to ,def] action 7a7 ,po/pone to a c]ta9 "t 7b7 ,lie on ! table #eh4 ,to ,suppress ,debate 7a7 ,previ\s ,"q 7b7 ,an ,ord] limit+ or clos+ debate #ei4 ,to ,suppress ! "q 7a7 ,objection to its consid]ation 7b7 ,po/pone indef9itely 7c7 ,lie on ! table #fj4 ,to ,consid] a "q ! second "t 7a7 ,reconsid] #fa4 ,ord] & ,rules 7a7 ,ord]s ( ! day 7b7 ,special ord]s 7c7 ,susp5sion ( ! rules 7d7 ,que/ions ( ord] 7e7 ,appeal #fb4 ,miscellane\s 7a7 ,read+ ( pap]s 7b7 ,)drawal ( a motion 7c7 ,que/ions ( privilege #fc4 ,to close a meet+ 7a7 ,fix ! "t to :i* to adj\rn 7b7 ,adj\rn #fd4 ,ord] ( ,prec$5ce ( motions ,art4 ,,xiii4--,debate #fe4 ,rules ( speak+ 9 debate #ff4 ,undebatable que/ions & ^? t op5 ! ma9 "q to debate ,art4 ,,xiv4--,miscellane\s #fg4 ,=ms ( /at+ & putt+ que/ions #fh4 ,motions requir+ a two-?irds vote = _! adoption #fi4 ,unf9i%$ bus9ess #gj4 ,session #ga4 ,quorum #gb4 ,ord] ( ,bus9ess #gc4 ,am5dm5t ( ,con/itutions1 ,by-,laws & ,rules ( ,ord] ,legal ,rights ( ,delib]ative ,assemblies ,table ( ,rules ,relat+ to ,motions ,index ,,introduction4 ,p>liam5t>y ,law4 ,p>liam5t>y ,law ref]s orig9ally to ! cu/oms & rules ( conduct+ bus9ess 9 ! ,engli% ,p>liam5t2 & !nce to ! cu/oms & rules ( our own legislative assemblies4 ,9 ,engl& ^! cu/oms & usages ( ,p>liam5t =m a "p ( ! unwritt5 law ( ! l&1 & 9 our own legislative bodies !y are ( au?ority 9 all cases :]e !y d n conflict ) exi/+ rules or prec$5ts4 ,b z a p we h n ! respect :i* ! ,engli% h = cu/oms & prec$5ts1 & are always ready = innovations :i* we ?9k are improvem5ts1 & h5ce *anges h be5 & are be+ con/antly made 9 ! writt5 rules :i* our legislative bodies h f\nd be/ to adopt4 ,z ea* h\se adopts its own rules1 x results t ! two h\ses ( ! same legislature d n always agree 9 _! practice2 ev5 9 ,congress ! ord] ( prec$5ce ( motions is n ! same 9 bo? h\ses1 & ! ,previ\s ,"q is admitt$ 9 ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives1 b n 9 ! ,s5ate4 ,z a consequ5ce ( ?is1 ! exact me?od ( conduct+ bus9ess 9 any p>ticul> legislative body is to be obta9$ only f ! ,legislative ,manual ( t body4 ,! va/ numb] ( societies1 political1 lit]>y1 sci5tific1 b5evol5t & religi\s1 =m$ all ov] ! l&1 ?\gh n legislative1 are /ill delib]ative 9 _! "*1 & mu/ h "s sy/em ( conduct+ bus9ess1 & "s rules to gov]n _! proce$+s1 & are necess>ily subject to ! common p>liam5t>y law :]e x does n conflict ) _! own special rules4 ,b z _! k ( p>liam5t>y law has be5 obta9$ f ! usages 9 ?is c\ntry1 r ?an f ! cu/oms ( ,p>liam5t1 x has result$ t ^! societies h foll[$ ! cu/oms ( our own legislative bodies1 & our p h ?us be5 educat$ "u a sy/em ( p>liam5t>y law :i* is peculi> to ?is c\ntry1 & yet s well e/abli%$ z to sup]s$e ! ,engli% p>liam5t>y law z ! common law ( ord9>y delib]ative assemblies4 ,! practice ( ! ,national ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives %\ld h ! same =ce 9 ?is c\ntry z ! usages ( ! ,h\se ( ,commons h 9 ,engl&1 9 det]m9+ ! g5]al pr9ciples ( ! common p>liam5t>y law ( ! l&2 b x does n foll[ t 9 e matt] ( detail ! rules ( ,congress c be appeal$ to z ! common law gov]n+ e delib]ative assembly4 ,9 ^! matt]s ( detail1 ! rules ( ea* ,h\se ( ,congress are adapt$ to _! own peculi> wants1 & are ( no =ce :atev] 9 o!r assemblies4 ,b ^u all great p>liam5t>y que/ions1 su* z :at motions c be made1 :at is _! ord] ( prec$5ce1 :i* c be debat$1 :at is _! effect1 etc41 ! common law ( ! l& is settl$ by ! practice ( ! ,u4 ,s4 ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives1 & n by t ( ! ,engli% ,p>liam5t1 ! ,u4 ,s4 ,s5ate1 or any o!r body4 ,:ile 9 extreme cases !re is no difficulty 9 decid+ ! "q z to :e!r ! practice ( ,congress det]m9es ! common p>liam5t>y law1 yet betwe5 ^! extremes !re mu/ necess>ily be a l>ge numb] ( d\btful cases ^u :i* !re w\ld be great diff]5ce ( op9ion1 & to avoid ! s]i\s difficulties always aris+ f a lack ( def9it5ess 9 ! law1 e delib]ative assembly %\ld imitate our legislative bodies 9 adopt+ ,rules ( ,ord] = ! conduct ( _! bus9ess499 ,:]e ! practice ( ,congress diff]s f t ( ,p>liam5t ^u a mat]ial po9t1 ! common law ( ?is c\ntry foll[s ! practice ( ,congress4 ,?us 9 e ,am]ican delib]ative assembly hav+ no rules = conduct+ bus9ess1 ! motion to adj\rn w\ld be decid$ to be undebatable1 z 9 ,congress1 ! ,engli% p>liam5t>y law to ! contr>y not)/&+2 s if ! ,previ\s ,"q 7 negativ$1 ! debate ^u ! subject w\ld cont9ue z 9 ,congress1 :]eas 9 ,p>liam5t ! subject w\ld be imm$iately dismiss$2 s too ! ,previ\s ,"q c\ld be mov$ :5 !re 0 be=e ! assembly a motion ei!r to am5d1 to commit1 or to po/pone def9itely or indef9itely1 j z 9 ,congress1 not)/&+ t1 accord+ to ,engli% p>liam5t>y law1 ! ,previ\s ,"q c\ld n be mov$ "u su* circum/ances4 ,:5 ! rules ( ! two ,h\ses ( ,congress conflict1 ! ,h4 ,r4 rules are ( great] au?ority ?an ^? ( ! ,s5ate 9 det]m9+ ! p>liam5t>y law ( ! c\ntry1 j z ! practice ( ! ,h\se ( ,commons1 & n ! ,h\se ( ,lords1 det]m9es ! p>liam5t>y law ( ,engl&4 ,= in/ance1 ?\gh ! ,s5ate rules d n all[ ! motion = ! ,previ\s ,"q1 & make ! motion to po/pone indef9itely take prec$5ce ( e o!r subsidi>y motion #g except to lie on ! table1 yet ! p>liam5t>y law ( ! l& foll[s ! practice ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives1 9 recogniz+ ! ,previ\s ,"q z a legitimate motion1 & assign+ to ! v l[e/ rank ! motion to po/pone indef9itely4 ,b 9 matt]s ( detail1 ! rules ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives are adapt$ to ! peculi> wants ( t body1 & are ( no au?ority 9 any o!r assembly4 ,no "o = in/ance w\ld accept ! foll[+ ,h4 ,r4 rules z common p>liam5t>y law 9 ?is c\ntry3 ,t ! *airman1 9 case ( disord]ly conduct1 w\ld h ! p[] to ord] ! gall]ies to be cle>$2 t ! ballot c\ld n be us$ 9 elect+ ! (fic]s ( an assembly2 t any fifte5 memb]s w\ld be au?oriz$ to compel ! att5dance ( abs5t memb]s & make !m pay ! exp5ses ( ! mess5g]s s5t aft] !m2 t all committees n appo9t$ by ! ,*air w\ld h to be appo9t$ by ballot1 & if ! requir$ numb] 7 n elect$ by a majority vote1 !n a second ballot mu/ be tak5 9 :i* a plurality ( votes w\ld prevail2 t ea* memb] w\ld be limit$ 9 debate ^u any "q1 to "o h\r2 t a day's notice mu/ be giv5 ( ! introduction ( a bill1 & t be=e its passage x mu/ be read ?ree times1 & t )\t ! special ord] ( ! assembly x _c be read twice ! same day4 ,^! examples are suffici5t to %[ ! absurdity ( ! idea t ! rules ( ,congress 9 all ?+s det]m9e ! common p>liam5t>y law4 ,plan ( ! ,"w4 ,?is ,manual is prep>$ to p>tially meet ?is want 9 delib]ative assemblies t are n legislative 9 _! "*4 ,x has be5 made suffici5tly complete to answ] = ! rules ( an assembly1 until !y see fit to adopt special rules conflict+ ) & sup]s$+ any ( its rules ( detail1 su* z ! ,ord] ( ,bus9ess #dd1 etc4 ,ev5 9 matt]s ( detail ! practice ( ,congress is foll[$1 :]ev] x is n manife/ly unsuit$ to ord9>y assemblies1 & 9 su* cases1 9 ,"p ,i1 !re w be f\nd1 9 a foot note1 ! ,congressional practice4 ,9 ! important matt]s ref]r$ to above1 9 :i* ! practice ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives settles ! common p>liam5t>y law ( ! c\ntry1 ?is ,manual /rictly con=ms to su* practice499 ,on acc\nt ( ! p>ty l9es be+ s /rictly drawn 9 ,congress1 no su* ?+ z h>mony ( action is possible1 & x has be5 f\nd be/ to give a b>e majority 9 ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives 7b n 9 ! ,s5ate7 ! p[] to take f9al action ^u a "q )\t all[+ ( any discussion4 ,9 ord9>y societies m reg>d %\ld be paid to ! rights ( ! m9ority1 & a two-?irds vote be requir$1 z 9 ?is ,manual #ci1 = su/a9+ an objection to ! introduction ( a "q1 or = adopt+ a motion = ! ,previ\s ,"q1 or = adopt+ an ord] clos+ or limit+ debate4 ,9 ?is respect ! policy ( ! ,pocket ,manual is a mean betwe5 ^? ( ! ,h\se & ,s5ate4 ,b "s societies w d\btless f9d x advantage\s to foll[ ! practice ( ! ,h4 ,r41 & o!rs w pref] t ( ! ,s5ate4 ,x requires a majority1 accord+ to ! ,pocket ,manual1 to ord] ! yeas & nays1 :i* is d\btless be/ 9 ! majority ( assemblies2 b 9 all bodies 9 :i* ! memb]s are responsible to _! con/itu5ts1 a mu* small] numb] %\ld h ?is p[]4 ,9 ,congress x requires b a "o-fif? vote1 & 9 "s bodies a s+le memb] c require a vote to be tak5 by yeas & nays4 ,any society adopt+ ?is ,manual1 %\ld make its rules gov]n !m 9 all cases to :i* !y are applicable1 & 9 :i* !y are n inconsi/5t ) ! ,by-,laws & ,rules ( ,ord] ( ! society4 ,_! own rules %\ld include all ( ! cases :]e x is desirable to v>y f ! rules 9 ! ,manual1 & especially %\ld provide = a ,quorum #dc1 & an ,ord] ( ,bus9ess #dd1 z sugge/$ 9 ^! rules4 ,! ,manual is divid$ into two di/9ct p>ts1 ea* complete 9 itself4 ,! table at ! end conta9s a l>ge am\nt ( in=mation 9 a tabul> =m1 = easy ref]5ce 9 ! mid/ ( ! bus9ess ( a meet+4 ,"p ,i conta9s a set ( ,rules ( ,ord] sy/ematically arrang$1 z %[n 9 ! ,table ( ,cont5ts4 ,ea* "o ( ! =ty-five sections is complete 9 itself1 s t no "o unfamili> ) ! "w c be misl$ 9 exam9+ any p>ticul> subject4 ,cross ref]5ces are freely us$ to save repeat+ f o!r sections1 & by ?is means ! read]1 )\t us+ ! index1 is ref]r$ to ev]y?+ 9 ! ,rules ( ,ord] t has any be>+ ^u ! subject he is inve/igat+4 ,! ref]5ces are by sections1 & = conv5i5ce ! numb]s ( ! sections are plac$ at ! top ( ea* page4 ,! motions are arrang$ "u ! usual classes1 9 _! ord] ( rank1 b 9 ! index "u ! ^w motion w be f\nd an alphabetical li/ ( all ! motions g5]ally us$4 ,9 ref]5ce to ea* motion !re is /at$3 7#a7 ,( :at motions x takes prec$5ce 7t is1 :at motions may1 be p5d+1 & yet x be 9 ord] to make ?is motion74 7#b7 ,to :at motions x yields 7t is1 :at motions may be made :ile ?is motion is p5d+74 7#c7 ,:e!r x is debatable or n4 7#d7 ,:e!r x c be am5d$ or n4 7#e7 ,9 case ! motion c h no subsidi>y motion appli$ to x1 ! fact is /at$ see ,adj\rn1 #aa1 = an example3 ! mean+ is1 t ! p>ticul> motion to adj\rn1 = example1 _c be laid on ! table1 po/pon$1 committ$ or am5d$4 7#f7 ,! effect ( ! motion if adopt$4 7#g7 ,! =m ( /at+ ! "q :5 peculi>1 & :atev] o!r in=mation is necess>y to enable "o to und]/& ! "q4 ,"p ,,ii4 ,:ile ! second "p cov]s ! entire gr\nd ( ! fir/ "p1 x does s 9 a mu* simpl] mann]1 be+ int5d$ = ^? :o h no acqua9tance ) ! usages ( delib]ative assemblies4 ,x also expla9s ! me?od ( organiz+ an assembly or society1 & conduct+ a meet+4 ,! motions are treat$ on an entirely diff]5t plan1 be+ classifi$ accord+ to ! objects = :i* !y are us$1 & ^? ( ea* class comp>$ toge!r s t ! read] may obta9 ! be/ motion = ! accompli%m5t ( any giv5 object4 ,x omits ! complications ( p>liam5t>y law1 & has b few ref]5ces to ! rules ( ,congress1 or ^? 9 ?is ,manual4 ,9 ord] to make x complete 9 itself1 x 0 necess>y to repeat a few pages f ! fir/ "p4 ,def9itions4 ,9 addition to ! t]ms def9$ above 7tak+ prec$5ce (1 yield+ to & apply+ to1 see p4 #ad71 !re are o!r t]ms t are liable to be misund]/ood1 to :i* att5tion %\ld he call$4 ,meet+ & ,session4--,9 ?is ,manual ! t]m 8meet+0 is us$ to d5ote an assembl+ toge!r ( ! memb]s ( a delib]ative assembly = any l5g? ( "t1 dur+ :i* !re is no sep>ation ( ! memb]s by adj\rnm5t4 ,an adj\rnm5t to meet aga9 at "s o!r "t1 ev5 ! same day1 t]m9ates ! meet+1 b n ! session1 :i* latt] includes all ! adj\rn$ meet+s4 ,! next meet+1 9 ?is case1 w\ld be an 8adj\rn$ meet+0 ( ! same session4 ,a 8meet+0 ( an assembly is t]m9at$ by a tempor>y adj\rnm5t2 a 8session0 ( an assembly ends ) an adj\rnm5t )\t day1 & may consi/ ( _m meet+s see ,session1 #db4 ,previ\s ,"q--,?is t]m is frequ5tly und]/ood to ref] to ! "q previ\sly "u consid]ation4 ,z us$ 9 ?is c\ntry x is equival5t to a motion to 8,/op debate1 & proce$ to vot+ on all ! que/ions be=e ! assembly10 ) c]ta9 exceptions1 :]e x affects only "o motion 7z to po/pone1 to reconsid] & an appeal2 see #bj = a full explanation74 ,%all ! ,"q be ,consid]$ 7or discuss$78 ,?is "q1 :i* is put z soon z a subject is br\ght be=e an assembly1 if any memb] 8objects to its consid]ation0 7or 8discussion10 or 8introduction071 is n int5d$ to m]ely cut (f debate1 b to prev5t ! "q f com+ be=e ! assembly = its action4 ,if decid$ by a two-?irds vote 9 ! negative1 ! "q is remov$ f be=e ! assembly imm$iately see #ae4 ,:5ev] ! ^w 8assembly10 :i* is us$ ?r\gh\t ^! rules1 occurs 9 =ms ( motions 7z 9 ,appeals1 #ad71 x is bett] to replace x by ! special t]m us$ to designate ! p>ticul> assembly2 z = in/ance1 8,society10 or 8,conv5tion10 or 8,bo>d40 ,! t]m 8,congress10 :5 us$ 9 ?is ,manual1 ref]s to ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives ( ! ,u4,s4 ,"p ,i4 ,rules ( ,ord]4 ,art4 ,i4 ,introduction ( ,bus9ess4 #a-e4 #a4 ,all bus9ess %\ld be br\ght be=e ! assembly by a motion ( a memb]1 or by ! pres5tation ( a communication to ! assembly4 ,x is n usual1 h[ev]1 to make a motion to receive ! reports ( committees #cj or communications to ! assembly2 & 9 _m o!r cases 9 ! ord9>y r\t9e ( bus9ess1 ! =mality ( a motion is disp5s$ )2 b %\ld any memb] object1 a regul> motion becomes necess>y4 #b4 ,be=e a memb] c make a motion or address ! assembly ^u any "q1 x is necess>y t he obta9 ! floor2 t is1 he mu/ rise & address ! presid+ (fic] by 8 title1 ?us3 8,mr4 ,*airman0 #cd1 :o w !n ann\nce ! memb]'s "n4 ,:]e two or m rise at ! same "t ! ,*airman mu/ decide :o is entitl$ to ! floor1 :i* he does by ann\nc+ t memb]'s "n4 ,f ?is decision1 h[ev]1 an appeal #ad c he tak52 ?\gh if !re is any d\bt z to :o is entitl$ to ! floor1 ! ,*airman c at ! fir/ all[ ! assembly to decide ! "q by a vote--! "o gett+ ! l>ge/ vote be+ entitl$ to ! floor4 ,! memb] ^u ^: motion ! subject "u discussion 0 br\ght be=e ! assembly 7or1 9 case ( a committee's report1 ! "o :o pres5t$ ! report7 is entitl$ to be recogniz$ z hav+ ! floor 7if he has n already _h x dur+ t discussion71 not)/&+ ano!r memb] may h fir/ ris5 & address$ ! ,*air4 ,if ! ,*airman rise to speak be=e ! floor has be5 assign$ to any "o1 x is ! duty ( a memb] :o may h previ\sly ris5 to take 8 seat4 ,see ,decorum 9 ,debate1 #cf4 ,:5 a memb] has obta9$ ! floor1 he _c be cut (f f address+ ! assembly1 nor be int]rupt$ 9 ?is spee* by a motion to adj\rn1 or = any purpose1 by ei!r ! ,*airman or any memb]1 except 7a7 to h ent]$ on ! m9utes a motion to reconsid] #bg2 7b7 by a call to ord] #ad2 7c7 by an objection to ! consid]ation ( ! "q #ae2 or 7d7 by a call = ! ord]s ( ! day #ac499 ,see note to #fa4 ,9 su* cases ! memb] :5 he arises & addresses ! ,*air %\ld /ate at once = :at purpose he rises1 z1 = in/ance1 t he 8rises to a po9t ( ord]40 ,a call = an adj\rnm5t1 or = ! "q1 by memb]s 9 _! seats1 is n a motion2 z no motion c be made1 )\t ris+ & address+1 ! ,*air1 & be+ ann\nc$ by ! presid+ (fic]4 ,su* calls = ! "q are !mselves brea*es ( ord]1 & d n prev5t ! speak] f go+ on if he pleases4 #c4 ,be=e any subject is op5 to debate #cd x is necess>y1 fir/1 t a motion he made2 second1 t x be second$1 7see exceptions bel[72 & ?ird1 t x be /at$ by ! presid+ (fic]4 ,:5 ! motion is 9 writ+ x %all be h&$ to ! ,*airman1 & read be=e x is debat$4 ,?is does n prev5t sugge/ions ( alt]ations1 be=e ! "q is /at$ by ! presid+ (fic]4 ,to ! contr>y1 mu* "t may be sav$ by su* in=mal rem>ks2 :i*1 h[ev]1 mu/ nev] be all[$ to run into debate4 ,! memb] :o (f]s ! motion1 until x has be5 /at$ by ! presid+ (fic]1 c modify 8 motion1 or ev5 )draw x entirely2 aft] x is /at$ he c d nei!r1 )\t ! cons5t ( ! assembly4 ,see #e & #ag4 ,:5 ! mov] modifies 8 motion1 ! "o :o second$ x c )draw 8 second4 ,exceptions3 ,a call = ! ord] ( ! day1 a "q ( ord] 7?\gh n an appeal71 or an objection to ! consid]ation ( a "q #ac1 #ad1 #ae1 does n h to be second$2 & _m que/ions ( r\t9e are n second$ or ev5 made2 ! presid+ (fic] m]ely ann\nc+ t1 if no objection is made1 su* w be consid]$ ! action ( ! assembly4 #d4 ,all ,pr9cipal ,motions #f1 ,am5dm5ts & ,in/ructions to ,committees1 %\ld be 9 writ+1 if requir$ by ! presid+ (fic]4 ,al?\gh a "q is complicat$1 & capable ( be+ made into sev]al que/ions1 no "o memb] 7)\t !re is a special rule all[+ x7 c insi/ ^u its be+ divid$2 8 res\rce is to move t ! "q be divid$1 specify+ 9 8 motion h[ x is to be divid$4 ,any "o else c move z an am5dm5t to ?is1 to divide x diff]5tly4 ,?is ,division ( a ,"q is really an am5dm5t #bc1 & subject to ! same rules4 ,in/ead ( mov+ a division ( ! "q1 ! same result c be usually atta9$ by mov+ "s o!r =m ( an am5dm5t4 ,:5 ! "q is divid$1 ea* sep>ate "q mu/ be a prop] "o = ! assembly to act ^u1 ev5 if none ( ! o!rs 7 adopt$4 ,?us1 a motion to 8commit ) in/ructions10 is indivisible1 because if divid$1 & ! motion to commit %\ld fail1 !n ! o!r motion to in/ruct ! committee w\ld be improp]1 z !re w\ld be no committee to in/ruct499 ,! #df? ,rule ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives requires ! division ( a "q on ! dem& ( "o memb]1 provid$ 8x compreh5ds propositions 9 sub/ance s di/9ct t "o be+ tak5 away1 a sub/antive proposition %all rema9 = ! decision ( ! ,h\se40 ,b ?is does n all[ a division s z to h a vote on sep>ate items or names4 ,! #aba/ ,rule expressly provides t on ! dem& ( "o-fif? ( ! memb]s a sep>ate vote %all be tak5 on su* items sep>ately1 & o!rs collectively1 z %all be specifi$ 9 ! call1 9 ! case ( a bill mak+ appropriations = int]nal improvem5ts4 ,b ?is "r to divide a "q into items ext5ds to no case b ! "o specifi$4 ,! common p>liam5t>y law all[s ( no division except :5 ! assembly ord]s x1 & 9 ord9>y assemblies ?is rule w be f\nd to give less tr\ble ?an ! ,congressional "o4 ,! motion to 8/rike out c]ta9 words & ins]t o!rs10 is indivisible1 z x is /rictly "o proposition4 #e4 ,aft] a "q has be5 /at$ by ! presid+ (fic]1 x is 9 ! possession ( ! assembly = debate2 ! mov] _c )draw or modify x1 if any "o objects1 except by obta9+ leave f ! assembly #ag1 or by mov+ an am5dm5t4 ,art4 ,,ii4 ,g5]al ,classification ( ,motions4 #f-i4 #f4 ,a ,pr9cipal or ,ma9 ,"q or ,motion1 is a motion made to br+ be=e ! assembly1 = its consid]ation1 any p>ticul> subject4 ,no ,pr9cipal ,motion c be made :5 any o!r "q is be=e ! assembly4 ,x takes prec$5ce ( no?+1 & yields to all ,privileg$1 ,incid5tal & ,subsidi>y ,que/ions #g1 #h1 #i4 #g4 ,subsidi>y or ,second>y ,que/ions or ,motions relate to a ,pr9cipal ,motion1 & enable ! assembly to dispose ( x 9 ! mo/ appropriate mann]4 ,^! motions take prec$5ce ( ! ,pr9cipal ,"q1 & mu/ be decid$ be=e ! ,pr9cipal ,"q c be act$ ^u4 ,!y yield to ,privileg$ & ,incid5tal ,que/ions #h1 #i1 & are z foll[s 7be+ arrang$ 9 _! ord] ( prec$5ce among !mselves73 ,lie on ! ,table ''''''''''''''''''44 ,see #ai4 ,! ,previ\s ,"q ''''''''''''''' 0 #bj4 ,po/pone to a ,c]ta9 ,day '''''''''44 0 #ba4 ,commit '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 0 #bb4 ,am5d ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''4 0 #bc4 ,po/pone ,indef9itely ''''''''''''''' 0 #bd4 ,any ( ^! motions 7except ,am5d7 c be made :5 "o ( a l[] ord] is p5d+1 b none c sup]s$e "o ( a high] ord]4 ,!y _c be appli$99 ,see ,plan ( ,"w & ,def9itions1 9 ,introduction1 = explanation ( "s ( ^! te*nical t]ms4 to "o ano!r except 9 ! foll[+ cases3 7a7 ! ,previ\s ,"q applies to ! motion to ,po/pone1 )\t affect+ ! pr9cipal motion1 & c1 if specifi$1 be appli$ to a p5d+ am5dm5t #bj2 7b7 ! motions to ,po/pone to a c]ta9 day1 & to ,commit1 c be am5d$2 & 7c7 a motion to ,am5d ! m9utes c be laid on ! table )\t c>ry+ ! m9utes ) x #ai4 #h4 ,incid5tal ,que/ions are su* z arise out ( o!r que/ions1 &1 consequ5tly1 take prec$5ce (1 & are to be decid$ be=e1 ! que/ions :i* give rise to !m4 ,!y yield to ,privileg$ ,que/ions #i1 & _c be am5d$4 ,except+ an ,appeal1 !y are undebatable2 an ,appeal is debatable or n1 accord+ to circum/ances1 z %[n 9 #ad4 ,!y are z foll[s3 ,appeal 7or ,que/ions ( ,ord]7 ''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ,see #ad4 ,objection to ! ,consid]ation ( a ,"q ''''''''''''4 0 #ae4 ,! ,read+ ( ,pap]s '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 0 #af4 ,leave to ,)draw a ,motion ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''4 0 #ag4 ,susp5sion ( ! ,rules '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''4 0 #ah4 #i4 ,privileg$ ,que/ions are su* z1 on acc\nt ( _! importance1 take prec$5ce ov] all o!r que/ions :atev]1 & on acc\nt ( ?is v privilege !y are undebatable #ce1 except+ :5 relat+ to ! rights ( ! assembly or its memb]s1 z o!rwise !y c\ld be made use ( s z to s]i\sly int]rupt bus9ess4 ,!y are z foll[s 7be+ arrang$ 9 _! ord] ( prec$5ce among !mselves73 ,to ,fix ! ,"t to :i* ! ,assembly %all ,adj\rn '''''' ,see #aj4 ,adj\rn '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''44 0 #aa4 ,que/ions relat+ to ! ,rights & ,privileges ( ! ,assembly or any ( its ,memb]s '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''44 0 #ab4 ,call = ! ,ord]s ( ! ,day ''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 0 #ac4 ,art4 ,,iii4 ,motions & _! ,ord] ( ,prec$5ce499 ,= a li/ ( all ! ord9>y motions1 arrang$ 9 _! ord] ( prec$5ce1 see #fd4 ,all ! ,privileg$ & ,subsidi>y ones 9 ?is ,article are s arrang$4 #aj-bg4 ,privileg$ ,motions4 #aj-ac4 ,see #i4 #aj4 ,to ,fix ! ,"t to :i* ! ,assembly %all ,adj\rn4 ,?is motion takes prec$5ce ( all o!rs1 & is 9 ord] ev5 aft] ! assembly has vot$ to adj\rn1 provid$ ! ,*airman has n ann\nc$ ! result ( ! vote4 ,if made :5 ano!r "q is be=e ! assembly1 x is undebatable #ce2 x c be am5d$ by alt]+ ! "t4 ,if made :5 no o!r "q is be=e ! asembly1 x /&s z any o!r pr9cipal motion1 & is debatable49999 ,9 ord9>y societies x is bett] to foll[ ! common p>liam5t>y law1 & p]mit ?is "q to be introduc$ z a pr9cipal "q1 :5 x c be debat$ & suppress$ #eh1 #ei l o!r que/ions4 ,9 ,congress1 x is nev] debatable1 & has entirely sup]s$$ ! unprivileg$ & inf]ior motion to 8adj\rn to a p>ticul> "t40 ,! ,=m ( ?is motion is1 8,:5 ?is assembly adj\rns1 x adj\rns to meet at su* a "t40 #aa4 ,to ,adj\rn4 ,?is motion 7:5 unqualifi$7 takes prec$5ce ( all o!rs1 except to 8fix ! "t to :i* to adj\rn10 to :i* x yields4 ,x is n debatable1 & _c be am5d$1 or h any o!r subsidi>y motion #g appli$ to x4 ,if qualifi$ 9 any way x loses its privileg$ "*1 & /&s z any o!r pr9cipal motion4 ,! motion to adj\rn c be repeat$ if !re has be5 any int]v5+ bus9ess1 ?\gh x be simply progress 9 debate #bf4 ,:5 a committee is ?r\gh ) any bus9ess ref]r$ to x1 & prep>$ to report1 in/ead ( adj\rn+1 a motion %\ld be made 8to rise10 :i* motion1 9 committee1 has ! same privileges z to adj\rn 9 ! assembly #cb4 ,! effect ^u ,unf9i%$ ,bus9ess ( an adj\rnm5t is z foll[s99 8,aft] six days f ! comm5cem5t ( a second or subsequ5t session ( any ,congress1 all bills1 resolutions & reports :i* orig9at$ 9 ! ,h\se1 & at ! close ( ! next prec$+ session rema9$ undet]m9$1 %all be resum$1 & act$ on 9 ! same mann] z if an adj\rnm5t _h n tak5 place40 ,rule #acf1 ,h4 ,r4 ,any ord9>y society t meets z seldom z once ea* ye>1 is apt to be compos$ ( z diff]5t memb]%ip at its successive meet+s1 z any two successive ,congresses1 & only tr\ble w\ld result f all[+ unf9i%$ bus9ess to hold ov] to ! next ye>ly meet+4 see ,session1 #db3 7a7 ,:5 x does n close ! session1 ! bus9ess int]rupt$ by ! adj\rnm5t is ! fir/ 9 ord] aft] ! read+ ( ! m9utes at ! next meet+1 & is treat$ ! same z if !re _h be5 no adj\rnm5t2 an adj\rn$ meet+ be+ legally ! cont9uation ( ! meet+ ( :i* x is an adj\rnm5t4 7b7 ,:5 x closes a session 9 an assembly :i* has m ?an "o regul> session ea* ye>1 !n ! unf9i%$ bus9ess is tak5 up at ! next succe$+ session previ\s to new bus9ess1 & treat$ ! same z if !re _h be5 no adj\rnm5t see #dd1 = its place 9 ! ord] ( bus9ess4 ,provid$1 t1 9 a body elect$ = a def9ite "t 7z a bo>d ( directors elect$ = "o ye>71 unf9i%$ bus9ess falls to ! gr\nd ) ! expiration ( ! t]m = :i* ! bo>d or any portion ( !m 7 elect$4 7c7 ,:5 ! adj\rnm5t closes a session 9 an assembly :i* does n meet m frequ5tly ?an once a ye>1 or :5 ! assembly is an elective body1 & ?is session ends ! t]m ( a portion ( ! memb]s1 ! adj\rnm5t %all put an end to all bus9ess unf9i%$ at ! close ( ! session4 ,! bus9ess c be introduc$ at ! next session1 ! same z if x _h nev] be5 be=e ! assembly4 #ab4 ,que/ions ( ,privilege4 ,que/ions relat+ to ! rights & privileges ( ! assembly1 or any ( its memb]s1 take prec$5ce ( all o!r que/ions1 except ! two prec$+1 to :i* !y yield4 ,! ,previ\s ,"q #bj c be appli$ to ^!1 z to all o!r debatable que/ions4 #ac4 ,ord]s ( ! ,day4 ,a call = ! ,ord]s ( ! ,day takes prec$5ce ( e o!r motion1 except+ to ,reconsid] #bg1 & ! ?ree prec$+1 to :i* latt] ?ree x yields1 & is n debatable1 nor c x be am5d$4 ,x does n require to be second$4 ,:5 "o or m subjects h be5 assign$ to a p>ticul> day or h\r1 !y become ! ,ord]s ( ! ,day = t day or h\r1 & !y _c be consid]$ be=e t "t1 except by a two-?irds vote #ci4 ,& :5 t day or h\r arrives1 if call$ up1 !y take prec$5ce ( all b ! ?ree prec$+ que/ions #aj1 #aa1 #ab4 ,in/ead ( consid]+ !m1 ! assembly may appo9t ano!r "t = _! consid]ation4 ,if n tak5 up on ! day specifi$1 ! ord] falls to ! gr\nd4 ,:5 ! ,ord]s ( ! ,day are tak5 up1 x is necess>y to take up ! sep>ate que/ions 9 _! exact ord]1 ! "o fir/ assign$ to ! day or h\r1 tak+ prec$5ce ( "o aft]w>ds assign$ to ! same day or h\r4 7,a motion to take up a p>ticul> "p ( ! ,ord]s ( ! ,day1 or a c]ta9 "q1 is n a privileg$ motion74 ,any ( ! subjects1 :5 tak5 up1 in/ead ( be+ !n consid]$1 c be assign$ to "s o!r "t4 ,! ,=m ( ?is "q1 z put by ! ,*air :5 ! prop] "t arrives1 or on ! call ( a memb]1 is1 8,%all ! ,ord] ( ! ,day be tak5 up80 or1 8,w ! assembly n[ proce$ ) ! ,ord]s ( ! ,day80 ,! ,effect ( an affirmative vote on a call = ! ,ord]s ( ! ,day1 is to remove ! "q "u consid]ation f be=e ! assembly1 ! same z if x _h be5 int]rupt$ by an adj\rnm5t #aa4 ,! ,effect ( a negative vote is to disp5se ) ! ord]s m]ely s f> z !y int]f]e ) ! consid]ation ( ! "q !n be=e ! assembly4 ,incid5tal ,motions4 #ad-ah2 see #h #ad4 ,appeal ,que/ions ( ,ord]4 ,a ,"q ( ,ord] takes prec$5ce ( ! "q giv+ rise to x1 & mu/ be decid$ by ! presid+ (fic] )\t debate4 ,if a memb] objects to ! decision1 he says1 8,i appeal f ! decision ( ! ,*air40 ,if ! ,appeal is second$1 ! ,*airman imm$iately /ates ! "q z foll[s3 8,%all ! decision ( ! ,*air /& z ! judgem5t ( ! assembly8099 ,! ^w ,assembly c be replac$ by ,society1 ,conv5tion1 ,bo>d1 etc41 accord+ to ! "n ( ! organization4 ,?is ,appeal yields to ,privileg$ ,que/ions #i4 ,x _c be am5d$2 x _c be debat$ :5 x relates simply to indecorum #cf1 or to transgressions ( ! rules ( speak+1 or to ! priority ( bus9ess1 or if x is made :ile ! previ\s "q #bj is p5d+4 ,:5 debatable1 no memb] is all[$ to speak b once1 & :e!r debatable or n1 ! presid+ (fic]1 )\t leav+ ! ,*air1 c /ate ! reasons ^u :i* he bases 8 decision4 ,! motions to ,lie on ! ,table #ai1 or = ! ,previ\s ,"q #bj1 c be appli$ to an ,appeal1 :5 x is debatable1 & :5 adopt$ !y affect no?+ b ! ,appeal4 ,! vote on an ,appeal may also be reconsid]$ #bg4 ,an ,appeal is n 9 ord] :5 ano!r ,appeal is p5d+4 ,x is ! duty ( ! presid+ (fic] to en=ce ! rules & ord]s ( ! assembly1 )\t debate or delay4 ,x is also ! "r ( e memb]1 :o notices a brea* ( a rule to insi/ ^u its en=cem5t4 ,9 su* cases he %all rise f 8 seat1 & say1 8,mr4 ,*airman1 ,i rise to a po9t ( ord]40 ,! speak] %\ld imm$iately take 8 seat1 & ! ,*airman reque/s ! memb] to /ate 8 po9t ( ord]1 :i* he does1 & resumes 8 seat4 ,! ,*air decides ! po9t1 & !n1 if no appeal is tak51 p]mits ! fir/ memb] to resume 8 spee*4 ,if ! memb]'s rem>ks are decid$ to be improp]1 & any "o objects to 8 cont9u+ 8 spee*1 he _c cont9ue x )\t a vote ( ! assembly to t effect4 ,in/ead ( ! me?od j describ$1 x is usual1 :5 x is simply a case ( improp] language us$ 9 debate1 = a memb] to say1 8,i call ! g5tleman to ord]20 ! ,*airman decides :e!r ! speak] is 9 or out ( ord]1 & proce$s z be=e4 ,! ,*airman c ask ! advice ( memb]s :5 he has to decide que/ions ( ord]1 b ! advice mu/ be giv5 sitt+1 to avoid ! appe>ance ( debate2 or ! ,*air1 :5 unable to decide ! "q1 may at once submit x to ! assembly4 ,! effect ( lay+ an appeal on ! table1 is to su/a91 at lea/ = ! "t1 ! decision ( ! ,*air1 & does n c>ry to ! table ! "q :i* gave rise to ! "q ( ord]4 #ae4 ,objection to ! ,consid]ation ( a ,"q4 ,an objection c be made to any pr9cipal motion #f1 b only :5 x is fir/ introduc$1 be=e x has be5 debat$4 ,x is simil> to a "q ( ord] #ad1 9 t x c be made :ile ano!r memb] has ! floor1 & does n require a second2 & z ! ,*airman c call a memb] to ord]1 s c he put ?is "q if he deems x necess>y1 ^u 8 own responsibility4 ,x c n be debat$ #ce or h any subsidi>y motion #g appli$ to x4 ,:5 a motion is made & any memb] 8objects to its consid]ation10 ! ,*airman %all imm$iately put ! "q1 8,w ! assembly consid] x80 or1 8,%all ! "q be consid]$0 or discuss$8 ,if decid$ 9 ! negative by a two-?irds vote #ci1 ! :ole matt] is dismiss$ = t session #db2 o!rwise ! discussion cont9ues z if ?is "q _h nev] be5 made4 ,! ,object ( ?is motion is n to cut (f debate 7= :i* o!r motions are provid$1 see #cg71 b to enable ! assembly to avoid altoge!r any "q :i* x may deem irrelevant1 unpr(itable or cont5ti\s499 ,9 ,congress1 ! introduction ( su* que/ions c\ld be tempor>ily prev5t$ by a majority vote "u ! #da/ ,rule ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives1 :i* is z foll[s3 8,:]e any motion or proposition is made1 ! "q1 #8,w ! ,h\se n[ consid] x8' %all n be put unless x is dem&$ by "s memb]1 or is deem$ necess>y by ! ,speak]40 ,! ,engli% use ! 8,previ\s ,"q10 = a simil> purpose see note to #bj4 ,! "q ( consid]ation is seldom rais$ 9 ,congress1 b 9 assemblies ) v %ort sessions1 :]e b few que/ions c or %\ld be consid]$1 x seems a necessity t two-?irds ( ! assembly %\ld be able to in/antly ?r[ out a "q !y d n wi% to consid]4 ,! m common =m1 9 ord9>y societies1 ( putt+ ?is "q1 is1 8,%all ! "q be discuss$80 ,! =m to :i* pref]5ce is giv5 9 ! rule con=ms m to ! ,congressional "o1 & is less liable to be misund]/ood4 #af4 ,read+ ,pap]s4 ,= ! ord] ( prec$5ce1 see #h4 ,:]e pap]s are laid be=e ! assembly1 e memb] has a "r to h !m once read be=e he c be compell$ to vote on !m1 & :5ev] a memb] asks = ! read+ ( any su* pap]1 evid5tly = in=mation1 & n = delay1 ! ,*air %\ld direct x to be read1 if no "o objects4 ,b a memb] has n ! "r to h any?+ read 7except+ /at$ above7 )\t gett+ p]mission f ! assembly4 #ag4 ,)drawal ( a ,motion4 ,= ord] ( prec$5ce1 see #h4 ,:5 a "q is be=e ! assembly & ! mov] wi%es to )draw or modify x1 or sub/itute a diff]5t "o 9 its place1 if no "o objects1 ! presid+ (fic] grants ! p]mission2 if any objection is made1 x w be necess>y to obta9 leave to )draw1 etc41 on a motion = t purpose4 ,?is motion _c be debat$ or am5d$4 ,:5 a motion is )drawn1 ! effect is ! same z if x _h nev] be5 made499 ,9 ,congress1 a motion may be )drawn by ! mov]1 be=e a decision or am5dm5t ,rule #dj1 ,h4 ,r44 ,no?+ w\ld be ga9$ 9 ord9>y societies by v>y+ f ! common law z /at$ above4 #ah4 ,susp5sion ( ! ,rules4 ,= ! ord] ( prec$5ce1 see #h4 ,?is motion is n debatable1 & _c be am5d$1 nor c any subsidi>y #g motion be appli$ to x1 nor a vote on x be reconsid]$ #bg1 nor a motion to susp5d ! rules = ! same purpose be r5ew$ #bf at ! same meet+1 ?\gh x may be r5ew$ aft] an adj\rnm5t1 ?\gh ! next meet+ be held ! same day499 ,9 ,congress1 x _c be r5ew$ ! same day4 ,! rules ( ! assembly %all n be susp5d$ except = a def9ite purpose1 & by a two-?irds vote4 ,! ,=m ( ?is motion is1 to 8susp5d ! rules :i* int]f]e )10 etc41 specify+ ! object ( ! susp5sion4 ,subsidi>y ,motions4 #ai-bd2 see #g4 #ai4 ,to ,lie on ! ,table4 ,?is motion takes prec$5ce ( all o!r ,subsidi>y ,que/ions #g1 & yields to any ,privileg$ #i or ,incid5tal #h ,"q4 ,x is n debatable1 & _c be am5d$ or h any o!r subsidi>y motion #g appli$ to x4 ,x removes ! subject f consid]ation till ! assembly vote to take x f ! table4 ,! ,=m ( ?is motion is1 8,i move t ! "q lie on ! table10 or1 8t x be laid on ! table10 or1 8to lay ! "q on ! table40 ,:5 x is desir$ to take ! "q up aga91 a motion is made1 ei!r 8to take ! "q f ! table10 or 8to n[ consid] su* & su* a "q20 :i* motion is undebatable1 & _c h any subsidi>y motion appli$ to x4 ,! ,object ( ?is motion is to po/pone ! subject 9 su* a way1 t at any "t x c be tak5 up1 ei!r at ! same or "s future meet+1 :i* c\ld n be accompli%$ by a motion to po/pone1 ei!r def9itely or indef9itely4 ,x is also frequ5tly us$ to suppress a "q #ei1 :i* x does1 provid$ a majority vote c nev] be obta9$ to take x f ! table dur+ t session #db4 ,! ,effect ( ?is motion is 9 g5]al to place on ! table ev]y?+ t adh]es to ! subject2 s t if an am5dm5t be ord]$ to lie on ! table1 ! subject :i* x is propos$ to am5d1 goes !re ) x4 ,! foll[+ cases are exceptional3 7a7 ,an appeal #ad be+ laid on ! table1 has ! effect ( su/a9+1 at lea/ = ! "t1 ! decision ( ! ,*air1 & does n c>ry ! orig9al subject to ! table4 7b7 ,s :5 a motion to reconsid] #bg a "q is laid on ! table1 ! orig9al "q is left :]e x 0 be=e ! reconsid]ation 0 mov$4 7c7 ,an am5dm5t to ! m9utes be+ laid on ! table does n c>ry ! m9utes ) x4 ,ev5 aft] ! ord]+ ( ! ,previ\s ,"q up to ! mom5t ( tak+ ! la/ vote "u x1 x is 9 ord] to lay ^u ! table ! que/ions /ill be=e ! assembly4 #bj4 ,! ,previ\s ,"q99 ,! ,previ\s ,"q is a te*nical "n = ?is motion1 convey+ a wrong impression ( its import1 z x has no?+ to d ) ! subject previ\sly "u consid]ation4 ,to dem& ! previ\s "q is equival5t 9 effect to mov+ 8,t debate n[ cease1 & ! assembly imm$iately proce$ to vote on ! que/ions be=e x10 7! exceptions are /at$ above74 ,! ,engli% ,previ\s ,"q is an entirely diff]5t "o f ours1 & is us$ = a diff]5t purpose4 ,9 ! ,engli% ,p>liam5t x is mov$ by ! enemies ( a measure1 :o !n vote 9 ! negative1 & ?us prev5t = ! day1 ! consid]ation ( ! ma9 "q1 7:i* 9 ?is c\ntry c\ld be accompli%$ by 8object+ to ! consid]ation ( ! "q0 #ae1 if ! objection 7 su/a9$74 ,9 our ,congress1 x is mov$ by ! fri5ds ( a measure1 :o vote 9 ! affirmative ) a view to cutt+ (f debate & imm$iately br++ ! assembly to a vote on ! que/ions be=e x4 ,! rules 9 ! two cases are z diff]5t z ! objects ( ! motions4 ,x requires only a majority vote = its adoption 9 ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives1 & is n all[$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,s5ate4 takes prec$5ce ( e debatable "q #ce1 & yields to ,privileg$ #i & ,incid5tal #h que/ions1 & to ! motion to ,lie on ! table #ai4 ,x is n debatable1 & _c be am5d$ or h any o!r ,subsidi>y #g motion appli$ to x4 ,x %all require a two-?irds vote = its adoption4 ,:5 a memb] calls = ! previ\s "q1 & ! call is second$1 ! presid+ (fic] mu/ imm$iately put ! "q3 8,%all ! ma9 "q be n[ put80 ,if adopt$1 ! memb] :o introduc$ ! p5d+ measure /ill has ! "r to close ! debate #cd2 aft] :i* ! presid+ (fic]1 )\t all[+ fur!r discussion1 %all put to vote ! que/ions be=e ! assembly1 9 _! ord] ( prec$5ce1 till ! ma9 "q1 ) all its subsidi>y & incid5tal que/ions1 is dispos$ ( 7see ! exceptions bel[74 ,if x fails1 ! discussion cont9ues z if ?is motion _h n be5 made4 ,! previ\s "q c be mov$ on a p5d+ am5dm5t1 & if adopt$1 debate is clos$ on ! am5dm5t only4 ,aft] ! am5dm5t is vot$ on1 ! ma9 "q is aga9 op5 to debate & am5dm5ts4 ,9 ?is case ! =m ( ! "q w\ld be simil> to ?is 3 8,%all ! am5dm5t be n[ put to ! "q80 ,! ,object ( ?is motion is to br+ ! assembly to a vote on ! "q be=e x )\t fur!r debate4 ,9 ord9>y assemblies x is r>ely exp$i5t to deprive a l>ge m9ority ( ! "r ( debate1 & yet two-?irds ( ! memb]s %\ld h ! "r to close ! debate :5 !y ?9k x be/4 ,x applies to que/ions ( privilege #ab z well z any o!r debatable que/ions4 ,x is all[able = a memb] to submit a resolution & at ! same "t move ! previ\s "q !reon4 ,to illu/rate ! ,effect ( ?is motion1 suppose x is adopt$ :5 we h be=e ! assembly1 7a7 ! ma9 "q2 7b7 an am5dm5t2 7c7 a motion to commit2 7d7 a motion to am5d ! la/ motion by giv+ ! committee in/ructions4 ,! previ\s "q be+ c>ri$1 ! presid+ (fic] w\ld imm$iately put ! "q on ! la/ motion 7d72 !n on ! motion to commit1 7c72 & if ?is is adopt$1 ( c\rse ! subject is ref]r$ to ! committee & dispos$ ( = ! pres5t2 b if x fails1 ! am5dm5t 7b7 is put1 & f9ally ! ma9 "q4 ,exceptions3 ,if ! ,previ\s ,"q is c>ri$ :ile a motion to ,po/pone is p5d+1 its effect is only to br+ ! assembly to a vote on t motion2 if x is vot$ n to po/pone1 ! subject is aga9 op5 = debate4 ,s if an ,appeal #ad or a motion to ,reconsid] #bg is p5d+ :5 ! ,previ\s ,"q is ord]$1 x applies only to !m & is exhau/$ by ! vote on !m4 ,an affirmative vote on ! motion to ,commit #bb exhau/s ! ,previ\s ,"q1 & if ! vote is reconsid]$1 x is dive/$ ( ! ,previ\s ,"q4 ,= o!r me?ods ( clos+ debate see #cg & #eh4 #ba4 ,to ,po/pone to a ,c]ta9 ,day4 ,?is motion takes prec$5ce ( a motion to ,commit1 or ,am5d1 or ,indef9itely ,po/pone1 & yields to any ,privileg$ #i or ,incid5tal #h "q1 & to ! motion to ,lie on ! ,table1 or = ! ,previ\s ,"q4 ,x c be am5d$ by alt]+ ! "t1 & ! ,previ\s ,"q c be appli$ to x )\t affect+ any o!r motions p5d+4 ,x all[s ( v limit$ debate #ce1 & t mu/ n g into ! m]its ( ! subject matt] any fur!r ?an is necess>y to enable ! assembly to judge ! propriety ( ! po/ponem5t4 ,! ,effect ( ?is motion is to po/pone ! entire subject to ! "t specifi$1 until :i* "t x _c be tak5 up except by a two-?irds vote #ac4 ,:5 t "t arrives x is entitl$ to be tak5 up 9 pref]5ce to e ?+ except ,privileg$ que/ions4 ,:]e sev]al que/ions are po/pon$ to diff]5t times & are n rea*$ !n1 !y %all be consid]$ 9 ! ord] ( ! times to :i* !y 7 po/pon$4 ,x is n 9 ord] to po/pone to a "t beyond t session #db ( ! assembly1 except99 ,9 ,congress a motion _c be po/pon$ to ! next session1 b x is cu/om>y 9 ord9>y societies4 to ! day ( ! next session :5 x comes up ) ! unf9i%$ bus9ess1 & consequ5tly takes prec$5ce ( new bus9ess #dd4 ,if x is desir$ to hold an adj\rn$ meet+ to consid] a special subject1 ! "t to :i* ! assembly %all adj\rn #aj %\ld be fir/ fix$ be=e mak+ ! motion to po/pone ! subject to t day4 #bb4 ,to ,commit or ,recommit z x is call$ :5 ! subject has be5 previ\sly committ$4 ,?is motion takes prec$5ce ( ! motions to ,am5d or ,indef9itely ,po/pone1 & yields to any ,privileg$ #i or ,incid5tal #h ,"q1 & also to ! motion to ,lie on ! ,table1 or = ! ,previ\s ,"q1 or to ,po/pone to a c]ta9 day4 ,x c be am5d$ by alt]+ ! committee1 or giv+ x in/ructions4 ,x is debatable1 & op5s to debate #ce ! m]its ( ! "q x is propos$ to commit4 ,! ,=m ( ?is motion is 8to ref] ! subject to a committee40 ,:5 diff]5t committees are propos$ !y %\ld he vot$ 9 ! foll[+ ord]3 7#a7 ,committee ! :ole #cb1 7#b7 a /&+ committee1 & 7#c7 a special 7or select7 committee4 ,! numb] ( a committee is usually decid$ )\t ! =mality ( a motion1 z 9 fill+ blanks #be3 ! ,*airman asks 8( h[ _m %all ! committee consi/80 & a "q is !n put ^u ea* numb] sugge/$1 beg9n+ ) ! l>ge/4 ,! numb] & k9d ( ! committee ne$ n be decid$ till aft] x has be5 vot$ to ref] ! subject to a committee4 ,if ! committee is a select "o1 & ! motion does n include ! me?od ( appo9t+ x1 & !re is no /&+ rule on ! subject1 ! ,*airman inquires h[ ! committee %all be appo9t$1 & ?is is usually decid$ in=mally4 ,sometimes ! ,*air 8appo9ts10 9 :i* case he names ! memb]s ( ! committee & no vote is tak5 ^u !m2 or ! committee is 8nom9at$0 ei!r by ! ,*air or memb]s ( ! assembly 7no memb] nom9at+ m ?an "o except by g5]al cons5t71 & !n !y are all vot$ ^u toge!r1 except :]e m nom9ations are made ?an ! numb] ( ! committee1 :5 !y %all be vot$ ^u s+ly4 ,:]e a committee is "o = action 7a committee ( arrangem5ts = hold+ a public meet+1 = example71 x %\ld g5]ally be small1 & no "o plac$ ^u x :o is n favorable to ! propos$ action2 & if any su* %\ld be appo9t$ he %\ld ask to be excus$4 ,b :5 ! committee is = delib]ation or inve/igation1 x is ( ! utmo/ importance t all p>ties be repres5t$ on x1 s t 9 committee ! fulle/ discussion may take place1 & ?us dim9i% ! *ances ( unpleasant debates 9 ! assembly4 ,9 ord9>y assemblies1 by judici\s appo9tm5t ( committees1 debates ^u delicate & tr\blesome que/ions c be mo/ly conf9$ to ! committees1 :i* w conta9 ! repres5tative memb]s ( all p>ties4 ,see ,reports ( ,committees1 #bi4 #bc4 ,to ,am5d4 ,?is motion takes prec$5ce ( no?+ b ! "q :i* x propos$ to am5d1 & yields to any ,privileg$ #i1 ,incid5tal #h or ,subsidi>y #g ,"q1 except to ,indef9itely ,po/pone4 ,x c be am5d$ itself1 b ?is 8am5dm5t ( an am5dm5t0 _c be am5d$4 ,an ,am5dm5t may be inconsi/5t ) "o already adopt$1 or may directly conflict ) ! _s ( ! orig9al motion1 b x mu/ h a direct be>+ ^u ! subject ( t motion4 ,to illu/rate3 a motion = a vote ( ?anks c\ld be am5d$ by sub/itut+ = 8?anks0 ! ^w 8c5sure20 or "o condemn+ c]ta9 cu/oms c\ld be am5d$ by add+ o!r cu/oms4 ,an ,am5dm5t may be 9 any ( ! foll[+ =ms3 7a7 to 8add or ins]t0 c]ta9 words or p>agraphs2 7b7 to 8/rike out0 c]ta9 words or p>agraphs1 ! "q1 h[ev]1 be+ /at$ by ! ,*air ?us3 8,%all ^! words 7or p>agraphs7 /& z a "p ( ! resolution80 & if ?is is adopt$ 7t is1 ! motion to 8/rike out10 fails7 x does n preclude ei!r am5dm5t or a motion to 8/rike out & ins]t20 7c7 8to /rike c]ta9 words & ins]t o!rs10 :i* motion is indivisible1 & if lo/ does n preclude ano!r motion to /rike out ! same words & ins]t diff]5t ones2 7d7 to 8sub/itute0 ano!r motion on ! same subject = ! "o p5d+2 7e7 to 8divide ! "q0 into two or m que/ions1 z ! mov] specifies1 s z to get a sep>ate vote on any p>ticul> po9t or po9ts see #d4 ,if a p>agraph is ins]t$ x %\ld be p]fect$ by its fri5ds previ\s to vot+ on x1 z :5 once ins]t$ x _c be /ruck out or am5d$ except by add+ to x4 ,! same is true 9 reg>d to words to be ins]t$ 9 a resolution1 z :5 once ins]t$ !y _c be /ruck out1 except by a motion to /rike out ! p>agraph1 or su* a portion ( x z %all make ! "q an entirely diff]5t "o f t ( ins]t+ ! p>ticul> words4 ,! pr9ciple involv$ is t :5 ! assembly has vot$ t c]ta9 words %all =m a "p ( a resolution1 x is n 9 ord] to make ano!r motion :i* involves exactly ! same "q z ! "o !y h decid$4 ,! only way to br+ x up aga9 is to move a ,reconsid]ation #bg ( ! vote by :i* ! words 7 ins]t$4 ,9 /at+ ! "q on an ,am5dm5t ! ,*airman %\ld read 7#a7 ! passage to be am5d$2 7#b7 ! words to be /ruck out1 if any2 7#c7 ! words to be ins]t$1 if any2 & 7#d7 ! :ole passage z x w /& if ! am5dm5t is adopt$4 ,= am5d+ reports ( committees1 & propositions conta9+ sev]al p>agraphs1 see #dd4 ,! numb]s prefix$ to p>agraphs are only m>g9al indications1 & %\ld be correct$1 if necess>y1 by ! cl]k1 )\t any motion to am5d4 ,! foll[+ motions _c be am5d$3 ,to ,adj\rn 7:5 unqualifi$7 '''''''''''''''''''''''''''4 ,see #aa4 ,= ! ,ord]s ( ! ,day ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''44 0 #ab4 ,all ,incid5tal ,que/ions ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 0 #h4 ,to ,lie on ! ,table ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''44 0 #ai4 ,= ! ,previ\s ,"q ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''44 0 #bj4 ,an ,am5dm5t ( an ,am5dm5t '''''''''''''''''''''''''''44 0 #bc4 ,to ,po/pone ,indef9itely ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 0 #bd4 ,reconsid] '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''44 0 #bg4 ,an ,am5dm5t to ,rules ( ,ord]1 ,by-,laws or a ,con/itution %all require previ\s notice & a two-?irds vote = its adoption see #de4 #bd4 ,to ,po/pone ,indef9itely4 ,?is motion takes prec$5ce ( no?+ except ! ,pr9cipal ,"q #f1 & yields to any ,privileg$ #i1 ,incid5tal #h or ,subsidi>y #g ,motion1 except to ,am5d4 ,x _c be am5d$2 x op5s to debate ! entire "q :i* x is propos$ to po/pone4 ,its effect is to entirely remove ! "q f be=e ! assembly = t session #db4 ,! ,previ\s ,"q #bj1 if ord]$ :5 ?is motion is p5d+1 applies only to x )\t affect+ ! ma9 "q4 ,miscellane\s ,motions4 #be-bg4 #be4 ,fill+ ,blanks4 ,9 fill+ blanks ! l>ge/ sum & ! longe/ "t propos$ %all be fir/ put to ! "q4 ,sometimes ! mo/ conv5i5t way ( am5d+ a resolution is to create a blank by mov+ to /rike out a c]ta9 numb] or "t4 ,x is cu/om>y = any numb] ( memb]s to propose numb]s to fill a blank )\t ! =mality ( a motion1 ^! diff]5t propositions n be+ reg>d$ 9 ! light ( am5dm5ts4 ,nom9ations are treat$ 9 a simil> mann]1 s t ! second nom9ation1 in/ead ( be+ an am5dm5t to ! fir/1 is an indep5d5t motion1 :i*1 if ! fir/ fails1 is to be imm$iately vot$ ^u4 ,any numb] ( nom9ations c be made1 ! ,*airman ann\nc+ ea* "n z he he>s x1 & !y %\ld be vot$ ^u 9 ! ord] ann\nc$1 until "o receives a vote suffici5t = an election4 #bf4 ,r5ewal ( a ,motion4 ,:5 any ,pr9cipal ,"q #f or ,am5dm5t has be5 once act$ ^u by ! assembly1 x _c be tak5 up aga9 at ! same session #db except by a motion to ,reconsid] #bg4 ,! motion to ,adj\rn c be r5ew$ if !re has be5 progress 9 debate1 or any bus9ess transact$4 ,z a g5]al rule ! introduction ( any motion t alt]s ! /ate ( affairs makes x admissible to r5ew any ,privileg$ or ,incid5tal motion 7except+ ,susp5sion ( ! ,rules z provid$ 9 #ah71 or ,subsidi>y motion 7except+ an am5dm5t71 z 9 su* a case ! real "q be=e ! assembly is a diff]5t "o4 ,to illu/rate3 a motion t a "q lie on ! table hav+ fail$1 suppose aft]w>ds x be mov$ to ref] ! matt] to a committee1 x is n[ 9 ord] to move aga9 t ! subject lie on ! table2 b su* a motion w\ld n be 9 ord]1 if x 7 n made till aft] ! failure ( ! motion to commit1 z ! "q !n resumes its previ\s condition4 ,:5 a subject has be5 ref]r$ to a committee :i* reports at ! same meet+1 ! matt] /&s be=e ! assembly z if x _h be5 introduc$ = ! fir/ "t4 ,a motion :i* has be5 )drawn has n be5 act$ ^u1 & !re=e c be r5ew$4 #bg4 ,reconsid]4 ,x is 9 ord] at any "t1 ev5 :5 ano!r memb] has ! floor1 or :ile ! assembly is vot+ on ! motion to ,adj\rn1 dur+ ! day99 ,9 ,congress any "o c move a reconsid]ation1 except+ :]e ! vote is tak5 by yeas & nays #ch1 :5 ! rule above applies4 ,! motion c be made on ! same or succe$+ day4 on :i* a motion has be5 act$ ^u1 to move to 8,reconsid] ! vote0 & h su* motion 8ent]$ on ! record10 b x _c be consid]$ :ile ano!r "q is be=e ! assembly4 ,x mu/ be made1 except+ :5 ! vote is by ballot1 by a memb] :o vot$ ) ! prevail+ side2 = in/ance1 9 case a motion fails to pass = lack ( a two-?irds vote1 a reconsid]ation mu/ be mov$ by "o :o vot$ aga9/ ! motion4 ,a motion to reconsid] ! vote on a ,subsidi>y #g motion takes prec$5ce ( ! ma9 "q4 ,x yields to ,privileg$ #i que/ions 7except = ! ,ord]s ( ! ,day71 & ,incid5tal #h que/ions4 ,?is motion c be appli$99 ,x is n ! practice to reconsid] an affirmative vote on ! motion to lie on ! table1 z ! same result c be m easily rea*$ by ! motion to take f ! table4 ,= a simil> reason1 an affirmative vote on ! motion to take f ! table _c be reconsid]$4 to e "q1 except to ,adj\rn & to ,susp5d ! ,rules4 ,x is debatable or n1 j z ! "q to be reconsid]$ is debatable or undebatable #ce2 :5 debatable1 x op5s up = discussion ! entire subject to be reconsid]$1 & c h ! ,previ\s "q #bj appli$ to x )\t affect+ any ?+ b ! motion to reconsid]4 ,x c be laid on ! table #ai1 & 9 su* cases ! la/ motion _c be reconsid]$2 x is q common & all[able to comb9e ^! two motions 7?\gh !y mu/ be vot$ on sep>ately72 9 ?is case1 ! reconsid]ation l any o!r "q1 c be tak5 f ! table1 b possesses no privilege49999 ,9 ,congress ?is is a common me?od us$ by ! fri5ds ( a measure to prev5t its reconsid]ation4 ,! motion to reconsid] be+ laid on ! table does n c>ry ) x ! p5d+ measure4 ,if an am5dm5t to a motion has be5 ei!r adopt$ or reject$1 & !n a vote tak5 on ! motion z am5d$1 x is n 9 ord] to reconsid] ! vote on ! am5dm5t until aft] ! vote on ! orig9al motion has be5 reconsid]$4 ,if any?+ :i* ! assembly _c rev]se1 has be5 done z ! result a vote1 !n t vote _c be reconsid]$4 ,! ,effect ( mak+ ?is motion is to susp5d all action t ! orig9al motion w\ld h requir$ until ! reconsid]ation is act$ ^u2 b if x is n call$ up1 its effect t]m9ates ) ! session #db1 provid$199 ,9 ,congress ! effect always t]m9ates ) ! session1 & x _c be call$ up by any "o b ! mov]1 until ! expiration ( ! "t dur+ :i* x is 9 ord] to move a reconsid]ation4 t 9 an assembly hav+ regul> meet+s z (t5 z mon?ly1 if no adj\rn$ meet+ ^u ano!r day is held ( ! "o at :i* ! reconsid]ation 0 mov$1 its effect %all n t]m9ate till ! close ( ! next succe$+ session4 ,see note at end ( ?is section4 ,:ile ?is motion is s highly privileg$ z f> z relates to hav+ x ent]$ on ! m9utes1 yet ! reconsid]ation ( ano!r "q _c be made to int]f]e ) ! discussion ( a "q be=e ! assembly1 b z soon z t subject is dispos$ (1 ! reconsid]ation1 if call$ up1 takes prec$5ce ( e ?+ except ! motions to adj\rn1 & to fix ! "t to :i* to adj\rn4 ,z long z its effect la/s 7z %[n above71 any "o c call up ! motion to reconsid] & h x act$ ^u--except+ t :5 its effect ext5ds beyond ! meet+ at :i* ! motion 0 made1 no "o b ! mov] c call x up at t meet+4 ,b ! reconsid]ation ( an ,incid5tal #h or ,subsidi>y #g motion %all be imm$iately act$ ^u1 z o!rwise x w\ld prev5t action on ! ma9 "q4 ,! ,effect ( ! adoption ( ?is motion is to place be=e ! assembly ! orig9al "q 9 ! exact position x occupi$ be=e x 0 vot$ ^u2 consequ5tly no "o c debate ! "q reconsid]$ :o _h previ\sly exhau/$ 8 "r ( debate #cd on t "q2 8 only res\rce is to discuss ! "q :ile ! motion to reconsid] is be=e ! assembly4 ,:5 a vote tak5 "u ! op]ation ( ! previ\s "q #bj is reconsid]$1 ! "q is !n dive/$ ( ! previ\s "q1 & is op5 to debate & am5dm5t1 provid$ ! previ\s "q _h be5 exhau/$ see latt] "p ( #bj by votes tak5 on all ! que/ions cov]$ by x1 be=e ! motion to reconsid] 0 made4 ,a reconsid]ation requires only a majority vote1 reg>dless ( ! vote necess>y to adopt ! motion reconsid]$4 ,= reconsid]+ 9 committee see #bh4 ,note ,on ,reconsid]4--,9 ! ,engli% ,p>liam5t a vote once tak5 _c be reconsid]$1 b 9 our ,congress x is all[$ to move a reconsid]ation ( ! vote on ! same or succe$+ day1 & aft] ! close ( ! la/ day = mak+ ! motion1 any "o c call up ! motion to reconsid]1 s t ?is motion _c delay action m ?an two days1 & ! effect ( ! motion1 if n act$ ^u1 t]m9ates ) ! session4 ,!re seems to be no reason or good prec$5t = p]mitt+ m]ely two p]sons1 by mov+ a reconsid]ation1 to susp5d = any l5g? ( "t all action "u resolutions adopt$ by ! assembly1 & yet :]e ! delay is v %ort ! advantages ( reconsid]ation ov]balance ! evils4 ,:]e a p]man5t society has meet+s weekly or mon?ly1 & usually only a small proportion ( ! society is pres5t1 x seems be/ to all[ a reconsid]ation to hold ov] to ano!r meet+1 s t ! society may h notice ( :at action is ab\t to be tak54 ,to prev5t ! motion be+ us$ to defeat a measure t _c be def]r$ till ! next regul> meet+1 x is provid$ t 9 case ! society adj\rn1 to meet ! next day = in/ance1 !n ! reconsid]ation w n hold ov] beyond t session2 ?is all[s suffici5t delay to notify ! society1 :ile1 if ! "q is "o requir+ imm$iate action1 ! delay _c ext5d beyond ! day to :i* !y adj\rn4 ,:]e ! meet+s are only qu>t]ly or annual1 ! society %\ld be prop]ly repres5t$ at ea* meet+1 & _! be/ int]e/s are subs]v$ by foll[+ ! practice ( ,congress1 & lett+ ! effect ( ! reconsid]ation t]m9ate ) ! session4 ,art4 ,,iv4 ,committees & ,in=mal ,action4 #bh-cc4 #bh4 ,committees4 ,x is usual 9 delib]ative assemblies1 to h all prelim9>y "w 9 ! prep>ation ( matt] = _! action1 done by means ( committees4 ,^! may be ei!r 8/&+ committees0 7:i* are appo9t$ = ! session #db1 or = "s def9ite "t1 z "o ye>72 or 8select committees10 appo9t$ = a special purpose2 or a 8committee ( ! :ole0 #cb1 consi/+ ( ! entire assembly4 ,= me?od ( appo9t+ committees ( ! :ole1 see #cb2 o!r committees1 see commit1 #bb4 ,! fir/ p]son nam$ on a committee is *airman1 & %\ld act z su*1 )\t ! committee %\ld see fit to elect ano!r *airman1 :i* !y are compet5t to d4 ,! cl]k %\ld furni% him1 or "s o!r memb] ( ! committee1 ) notice ( ! appo9tm5t ( ! committee1 giv+ ! names ( ! memb]s1 ! matt] ref]r$ to !m1 & su* in/ructions z ! assembly h decid$ ^u4 ,! *airman %all call ! committee toge!r1 & if !re is a quorum 7a majority ( ! committee1 see #dc17 he %\ld read or h read1 ! entire resolutions ref]r$ to !m2 he %\ld !n read ea* p>agraph1 & pause = am5dm5ts to be (f]$2 :5 ! am5dm5ts to t p>agraph are vot$ on he proce$s to ! next1 only tak+ votes on am5dm5ts1 z ! committee _c vote on ! adoption ( matt] ref]r$ to !m by ! assembly4 ,if ! committee orig9ate ! resolutions1 !y vote1 9 ! same way1 on am5dm5ts to ea* p>agraph ( ! draft ( ! resolutions1 7:i* draft has be5 previ\sly prep>$ by "o ( _! memb]s or a sub-committee72 !y d n vote on ! sep>ate p>agraphs1 b hav+ complet$ ! am5dm5ts1 !y vote on ! adoption ( ! entire report4 ,:5 !re is a preamble1 x is consid]$ la/4 ,if ! report orig9ates ) ! committee1 all am5dm5ts are to be incorporat$ 9 ! report2 b1 if ! resolutions 7 ref]r$1 ! committee _c alt] ! text1 b mu/ submit ! orig9al pap] intact1 ) _! am5dm5ts 7:i* may be 9 ! =m ( a sub/itute1 #bc7 writt5 on a sep>ate %eet4 ,a committee is a m9iature assembly t mu/ meet toge!r 9 ord] to transact bus9ess1 & usually "o ( its memb]s %\ld be appo9t$ its cl]k4 ,:atev] is n agre$ to by ! majority ( ! memb]s pres5t at a meet+ 7at :i* a quorum1 consi/+ ( a majority ( ! memb]s ( ! committee1 %all be pres5t7 _c =m a "p ( its report4 ,! m9ority may be p]mitt$ to submit _! views 9 writ+ also1 ei!r toge!r1 or ea* memb] sep>ately1 b _! reports c only be act$ ^u1 by vot+ to sub/itute "o ( !m = ! report ( ! committee4 ,! rules ( ! assembly1 z f> z possible1 %all apply 9 committee2 b a reconsid]ation #bg ( a vote %all be all[$1 reg>dless ( ! "t elaps$1 only :5 e memb] :o vot$ ) ! majority is pres5t :5 ! reconsid]ation is mov$499 ,bo? ! ,engli% common p>liam5t>y law & ! rules ( ,congress prohibit ! reconsid]ation ( a vote by a committee2 b ! /rict en=cem5t ( ?is rule 9 ord9>y committees1 w\ld int]f]e ) r ?an assi/ ! transaction ( bus9ess4 ,! rule giv5 above seems m j1 & m 9 accordance ) ! practice ( ord9>y committees1 :o usually reconsid] at pleasure4 ,no improp] advantage c be tak5 ( ! privilege1 z long z e memb] :o vot$ ) ! majority mu/ be pres5t :5 ! reconsid]ation is mov$4 ,a committee 7except a committee ( ! :ole1 #cb may appo9t a sub-committee4 ,:5 ?r\gh ) ! bus9ess assign$ !m1 a motion is made = ! committee to 8rise0 7:i* is equival5t to ! motion to adj\rn71 & t ! *airman 7or "s memb] :o is m famili> ) ! subject7 make its report to ! assembly4 ,! committee ceases to exi/ z soon z ! assembly receives ! report #cj4 ,! committee has no p[] to puni% its memb]s = disord]ly conduct1 its res\rce be+ to report ! facts to ! assembly4 ,no allusion c be made 9 ! assembly to :at has occurr$ 9 committee1 except x be by a report ( ! committee1 or by g5]al cons5t4 ,x is ! duty ( a committee to meet on ! call ( any two its ( memb]s1 if ! *airman be abs5t or decl9e to appo9t su* meet+4 ,:5 a committee adj\rns )\t appo9t+ a "t = ! next meet+1 x is call$ toge!r 9 ! same way z at its fir/ meet+4 ,:5 a committee adj\rns to meet at ano!r "t1 x is n necess>y 7?\gh usually advisable7 t abs5t memb]s %\ld be notifi$ ( ! adj\rn$ meet+4 #bi4 ,=ms ( ,reports ( ,committees4 ,! =m ( a report is usually simil> to ! foll[+3 ,a /&+ committee reports ?us3 8,! committee on ins]t "n ( committee respectfully report10 or 8beg leave to report10 or 8beg leave to submit ! foll[+ report10 etc41 lett+ ! report foll[4 ,a select or special committee reports z foll[s3 8,! committee to :i* 0 ref]r$ /ate ! matt] ref]r$ hav+ consid]$ ! same respectfully report10 etc4 ,or = 8,! committee0 is sometimes writt5 8,y\r committee10 or 8,! und]sign$1 a committee40 ,:5 a m9ority report is submitt$1 x %\ld be 9 ?is =m 7! majority report+ z above73 8,! und]sign$1 a m9ority ( a committee to :i* 0 ref]r$10 etc4 ,! majority report is ! report ( ! committee1 & %\ld nev] be made out z ! report ( ! majority4 ,all reports conclude )1 8,all ( :i* is respectfully submitt$40 ,!y are sometimes sign$ only by ! *airman ( ! committee1 b if ! matt] is ( mu* importance1 x is bett] t ! report be sign$ by e memb] :o concurs4 ,! report is n usually dat$1 or address$1 b c he head$1 z = example1 8,report ( ! ,f9ance ,committee ( ! ,y4 ,p4 ,a41 on ,r5t+ a ,hall40 #cj4 ,reception ( ,reports4 ,:5 ! report ( a committee is to be made1 ! *airman 7or memb] appo9t$ to make ! report7 in=ms ! assembly t ! committee to :om 0 ref]r$ su* a subject or pap]1 has direct$ him to make a report !reon1 or report x ) or )\t am5dm5t1 z ! case may be2 ei!r he or any o!r memb] may move t x be 8receiv$099 ,a v common error is1 aft] a report has be5 read1 to move t x be receiv$2 :]eas1 ! fact t x has be5 read1 %[s t x has be5 already receiv$ by ! assembly4 ,ano!r mi/ake1 less common1 b dang]\s1 is to vote t ! report be accept$ 7:i* is equival5t to adopt+ x1 see #ca71 :5 ! int5tion is only to h ! report up = consid]ation & aft]w>ds move its adoption4 ,/ill a ?ird error is to move t 8! report be adopt$ & ! committee dis*>g$10 :5 ! committee h report$ 9 full & _! report be5 receiv$1 s t ! committee has already ceas$ to exi/4 ,if ! committee h[ev] h made b a p>tial report1 or report progress1 !n x is 9 ord] to move t ! committee be dis*>g$ f ! fur!r consid]ation ( ! subject4 n[ or at "s o!r specifi$ "t4 ,usually ! =mality ( a vote on ! reception ( a report ( a committee is disp5s$ )1 ! "t be+ settl$ by g5]al cons5t4 ,%\ld any "o object1 a =mal motion becomes necess>y4 ,:5 ! "t arrives = ! assembly to receive ! report1 ! *airman ( ! committee reads x 9 8 place1 & !n deliv]s x to ! cl]k1 :5 x lies on ! table till ! assembly sees fit to consid] x4 ,if ! report consi/s ( a pap] ) am5dm5ts1 ! *airman ( ! committee reads ! am5dm5ts ) ! coh]5ce 9 ! pap]1 expla9+ ! alt]ations & reasons ( ! committee = ! am5dm5ts1 till he has gone ?r\gh ! :ole4 ,if ! report is v long1 x is n usually read until ! assembly is ready to consid] x see #ca & #dd4 ,:5 ! report has be5 receiv$1 :e!r x has be5 read or n1 ! committee is !reby dissolv$1 & c act no m )\t x is reviv$ by a vote to recommit4 ,if ! report is recommitt$1 all ! p>ts ( ! report t h n be5 agre$ to by ! assembly1 are ignor$ by ! committee z if ! report _h nev] be5 made4 #ca4 ,adoption ( ,reports4 ,:5 ! assembly is to consid] a report1 a motion %\ld be made to 8adopt10 8accept10 or 8agree to0 ! report1 all ( :i*1 :5 c>ri$1 h ! same effect1 namely1 to make ! do+s ( ! committee become ! acts ( ! assembly1 ! same z if done by ! assembly )\t ! int]v5tion ( a committee4 ,if ! report conta9s m]ely a /atem5t ( op9ion or facts1 ! motion %\ld be to 8accept0 ! report2 if x also concludes ) resolutions or c]ta9 propositions1 ! motion %\ld be to 8agree to0 ! resolutions1 or to 8adopt0 ! propositions4 ,aft] ! above motion is made1 ! matt] /&s be=e ! assembly exactly ! same z if !re _h be5 no committee1 & ! subject _h be5 introduc$ by ! motion ( ! memb] :o made ! report4 ,see #cd = 8 privileges 9 debate1 & #dd = ! me?od ( treat+ a report conta9+ sev]al propositions1 :5 be+ consid]$ by ! assembly4 #cb4 ,committee ( ! ,:ole4 ,:5 an assembly has to consid] a subject :i* x does n wi% to ref] to a committee1 & yet :]e ! subject matt] is n well dige/$ & put into prop] =m = its def9ite action1 or1 :5 = any o!r reason1 x is desirable = ! assembly to consid] a subject ) all ! fre$om ( an ord9>y committee1 x is ! practice to ref] ! matt] to ! 8,committee ( ! ,:ole4099 ,9 l>ge assemblies1 su* z ! ,u4 ,s4 ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives1 :]e a memb] c speak to any "q b once1 ! committee ( ! :ole seems almo/ a necessity1 z x all[s ! free/ discussion ( a subject1 :ile at any "t x c rise & ?us br+ into =ce ! /rict rules ( ! assembly4 ,if x is desir$ to consid] ! "q at once1 ! motion is made1 8,t ! assembly d n[ resolve itself into a committee ( ! :ole to take "u consid]ation10 etc41 specify+ ! subject4 ,?is is really a motion to 8commit0 see #bb = its ord] ( prec$5ce1 etc4 ,if adopt$1 ! ,*airman imm$iately calls ano!r memb] to ! *air1 & takes 8 place z a memb] ( ! committee4 ,! committee is "u ! rules ( ! assembly1 except+ z /at$ h]eaft] 9 ?is section4 ,! only motions 9 ord] are to am5d & adopt1 & t ! committee 8rise & report10 z x _c adj\rn2 nor c x ord] ! 8yeas & nays0 #ch4 ,! only way to close or limit debate 9 committee ( ! :ole1 is = ! assembly to vote t ! debate 9 committee %all cease at a c]ta9 "t1 or t aft] a c]ta9 "t no debate %all be all[$ except+ on new am5dm5ts1 & !n only "o spee* 9 favor ( & "o aga9/ x1 ( say1 five m9utes ea*2 or 9 "s o!r way regulate ! "t = debate499 ,9 ,congress no motion to limit debate 9 committee ( ! :ole is 9 ord] till aft] ! subject has be5 already consid]$ 9 committee ( ! :ole4 ,z no subject w\ld probably be consid]$ m ?an once 9 committee ( ! :ole1 9 an ord9>y society1 ! en=cem5t ( ?is rule w\ld practically prev5t su* a society f putt+ any limit to debate 9 ! committee4 ,! rule z giv5 above1 all[s ! society1 :5ev] resolv+ itself into committee ( ! :ole1 to impose ^u ! debate 9 ! committee1 su* re/rictions z are all[$ 9 ,congress aft] ! subject has already be5 consid]$ 9 committee ( ! :ole4 ,if no limit is prescrib$1 any memb] may speak z (t5 z he c get ! floor1 & z long ea* "t z all[$ 9 debate 9 ! assembly1 provid$ no "o wi%es ! floor :o has n spok5 on t p>ticul> "q4 ,debate hav+ be5 clos$ at a p>ticul> "t by ord] ( ! assembly1 x is n compet5t = ! committee1 ev5 by unanim\s cons5t1 to ext5d ! "t4 ,! committee _c ref] ! subject to ano!r committee4 ,l o!r committees #bh1 x _c alt] ! text ( any resolution ref]r$ to x2 b if ! resolution orig9at$ 9 ! committee1 !n all ! am5dm5ts are incorporat$ 9 x4 ,:5 x is ?r\gh ) ! consid]ation ( ! subject ref]r$ to x1 or if x wi%es to adj\rn1 or to h ! assembly limit debate1 a motion is made t 8! committee rise & report10 etc41 specify+ ! result ( its proce$+s4 ,?is motion 8to rise0 is equival5t to ! motion to adj\rn1 9 ! assembly1 & is always 9 ord] 7except :5 ano!r memb] has ! floor71 & is undebatable4 ,z soon z ?is motion is adopt$1 ! presid+ (fic] takes ! *air1 & ! *airman ( ! committee1 hav+ resum$ 8 place 9 ! assembly1 arises & in=ms him1 t 8! committee h gone ?r\gh ! bus9ess ref]r$ to !m1 & t he is ready to make ! report1 :5 ! assembly is ready to receive x20 or he w make su* o!r report z w suit ! case4 ,! cl]k does n record ! proce$+s ( ! committee on ! m9utes1 b %\ld keep a memor&um ( ! proce$+s = ! use ( ! committee4 ,9 l>ge assemblies ! cl]k vacates 8 *air1 :i* is occupi$ by ! *airman ( ! committee1 & ! assi/ant cl]k acts z cl]k ( ! committee4 ,%\ld ! committee get disord]ly1 & ! *airman be unable to pres]ve ord]1 ! presid+ (fic] c take ! *air1 & decl>e ! committee dissolv$4 ,! quorum ( ! committee ( ! :ole is ! same z t ( ! assembly #dc4 ,if ! committee f9ds itself )\t a quorum1 x c only rise & report ! fact to ! assembly1 :i* 9 su* a case w\ld h to adj\rn4 #cc4 ,in=mal ,consid]ation ( a ,"q 7or act+ z if 9 committee ( ! :ole74 ,x has become cu/om>y 9 _m assemblies1 in/ead ( go+ into committee ( ! :ole1 to consid] ! "q 8in=mally10 & aft]w>ds to act 8=mally40 ,9 a small assembly !re is no objection to ?is499 ,9 ! ,u4 ,s4 ,s5ate all bills1 jo9t resolutions & treaties1 ^u _! second read+ are consid]$ 8z if ! ,s5ate 7 9 committee ( ! :ole10 :i* is equival5t to consid]+ !m in=mally4 ,u4 ,s4 ,s5ate ,rules #bh & #ch4 ,9 l>ge assemblies x is bett] to foll[ ! practice ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives1 & g into committee ( ! :ole4 ,:ile act+ in=mally ^u any resolutions1 ! assembly c only am5d & adopt !m1 & )\t fur!r motion ! ,*airman ann\nces t 8! assembly act+ in=mally or z 9 committee ( ! :ole has _h su* a subject "u consid]ation1 & has made c]ta9 am5dm5ts1 :i* he w report40 ,! subject comes be=e ! assembly !n z if report$ by a committee4 ,:ile act+ in=mally1 ! ,*airman reta9s 8 seat1 z x is n necess>y to move t ! committee rise1 b at any "t ! adoption ( su* motions z to adj\rn1 ! previ\s "q1 to commit1 or any motion except to am5d or adopt1 puts an end to ! in=mal consid]ation2 z = example1 ! motion to commit is equival5t to ! foll[+ motions :5 9 committee ( ! :ole3 7#a7 ,t ! committee rise2 7#b7 t ! committee ( ! :ole be dis*>g$ f ! fur!r consid]ation ( ! subject1 & 7#c7 t x be ref]r$ to a committee4 ,:ile act+ in=mally1 e memb] c speak z _m times z he pleases1 & z long ea* "t z p]mitt$ 9 ! assembly #cd1 & ! in=mal action may be reject$ or alt]$ by ! assembly4 ,:ile ! cl]k %\ld keep a memor&um ( ! in=mal proce$+s1 x %\ld n be ent]$ on ! m9utes1 be+ only = tempor>y use4 ,! ,*airman's report to ! assembly ( ! in=mal action1 %\ld be ent]$ on ! m9utes1 z x belongs to ! assembly's proce$+s4 ,art4 ,v4 ,debate & ,decorum4 #cd-cg4 #cd4 ,debate499 ,9 connection ) ?is section read #a-e4 ,:5 a motion is made & second$1 x %all be /at$ by ! ,*airman be=e be+ debat$ see #c4 ,:5 any memb] is ab\t to speak 9 debate1 he %all rise & respectfully address himself to 8,mr4 ,*airman40 8,mr4 ,presid5t0 is us$ :]e t is ! designat$ title ( ! presid+ (fic]2 8,bro!r ,mod]ator0 is m common 9 religi\s meet+s4 ,! ,*airman %all !n ann\nce 8 "n see #b4 ,by p>liam5t>y c\rtesy1 ! memb] ^u ^: motion a subject is br\ght be=e ! assembly is fir/ entitl$ to ! floor1 ev5 ?\gh ano!r memb] has ris5 fir/ & address$ ! ,*air2 9 case ( a report ( a committee1 x is ! memb] :o pres5ts ! report 2 & ?is memb] is also entitl$ to close ! debate1 b n until e memb] *oos+ to speak1 has spok54 ,?is "r to make ! la/ spee* ^u ! "q1 is n tak5 away by ! ,previ\s ,"q #bj be+ ord]$1 or 9 any o!r way4 ,) ?is exception1 no memb] %all speak m ?an twice to ! same "q 7only once to a "q ( ord]1 #ad71 nor long] ?an t5 m9utes at "o "t1 )\t leave ( ! assembly1 & ! "q ^u grant+ ! leave %all be decid$ by a majority vote )\t debate499 ,! limit 9 "t %\ld v>y to suit circum/ances1 b ! limit ( two spee*es ( t5 m9utes ea* w usually answ] 9 ord9>y assemblies1 & x c be increas$1 :5 desirable1 by a majority vote z %[n above1 or dim9i%$ z %[n 9 #cg4 ,9 ! ,u4 ,s4 ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives no memb] c speak m ?an once to ! same "q1 nor long] ?an "o h\r4 ,! f\r? rule ( ! ,s5ate is z foll[s3 8,no ,s5ator %all speak m ?an twice 9 any "o debate on ! same day1 )\t leave ( ! ,s5ate1 :i* "q %all be decid$ )\t debate40 ,if no rule is adopt$1 ea* memb] c speak b once to ! same "q4 ,if great] fre$om is desir$1 ! prop] c\rse is to ref] ! subject to ! committee ( ! :ole #cb1 or to consid] x in=mally #cc4 ,= limit+ or clos+ ! debate1 see #cg4 ,no memb] c speak ! second "t to a "q1 until e memb] *oos+ to speak has spok54 ,b an am5dm5t1 or any o!r motion be+ (f]$1 makes ! real "q be=e ! assembly a diff]5t "o1 &1 9 reg>d to ! "r to debate1 is treat$ z a new "q4 ,m]ely ask+ a "q1 or mak+ a sugge/ion1 is n consid]$ z speak+4 #ce4 ,undebatable ,que/ions4 ,! foll[+ que/ions %all be decid$ )\t debate1 all o!rs be+ debatable see note at end ( ?is section3 --,to ,fix ! ,"t to :i* ! ,assembly %all ,adj\rn 7:5 a privileg$ "q1 #aj74 --,to ,adj\rn #aa1 7or 9 committee1 to rise1 :i* is us$ in/ead ( to adj\rn74 --,= ! ,ord]s ( ! ,day #ac1 & que/ions relat+ to ! priority ( bus9ess4 --,an ,appeal #ad :5 made :ile ! ,previ\s ,"q is p5d+1 or :5 simply relat+ to indecorum or transgressions ( ! rules ( speak+1 or to ! priority ( bus9ess4 --,objection to ! ,consid]ation ( a ,"q #ae4 --,que/ions relat+ to ,read+ ( ,pap]s #af1 or ,)draw+ a ,motion #ag1 or ,susp5d+ ! ,rules #ah1 or ext5d+ ! limits ( debate #cd1 or limit+ or clos+ debate1 or grant+ leave to cont9ue 8 spee* to "o :o has be5 guilty ( indecorum 9 debate #cf4 --,to ,lie on ! ,table or to ,take f ! ,table #ai4 --,! ,previ\s ,"q #bj4 --,to ,reconsid] #bf a "q :i* is itself undebatable4 ,! motion to ,po/pone to a c]ta9 "t #ba all[s ( b v limit$ debate1 :i* mu/ be conf9$ to ! propriety ( ! po/ponem5t2 b to ,reconsid] a debatable "q #bf1 or to ,commit #bb1 or ,indef9itely ,po/pone #bd1 op5s ! ma9 "q #f to debate4 ,to ,am5d #bc op5s ! ma9 "q to debate only s f> z x is necess>ily involv$ 9 ! am5dm5t4 ,! di/9ction betwe5 debate & mak+ sugge/ions or ask+ a "q1 %\ld always be kept 9 view1 & :5 ! latt] w assi/ ! assembly 9 det]m9+ ! "q1 is all[$ to a limit$ ext5t1 ev5 ?\gh ! "q be=e ! assembly is undebatable4 ,note ,on ,undebatable ,que/ions4--,! ,engli% common p>liam5t>y law makes all motions debatable1 )\t !re is a rule adopt$ limit+ debate ,cu%+'s ,manual1 #ccj2 b e assembly is oblig$ to re/rict debate ^u c]ta9 motions4 ,! re/rictions to debate prescrib$ 9 ?is section con=m to ! practice ( ,congress1 :]e1 h[ev]1 x is v common to all[ ( brief rem>ks ^u ! mo/ undebatable que/ions1 sometimes five or six memb]s speak+2 ?is ( c\rse is all[$ only :5 no "o objects4 ,by exam9+ ! above li/1 x w be f\nd1 t1 :ile free debate is all[$ ^u e pr9cipal "q #f1 x is p]mitt$ or prohibit$ ^u o!r que/ions 9 accordance ) ! foll[+ pr9ciples3 7a7 ,highly privileg$ que/ions1 z a rule1 %\ld n be debat$1 z 9 t case !y c\ld be us$ to prev5t ! assembly f com+ to a vote on ! ma9 "q2 7= in/ance1 if ! motion to adj\rn 7 debatable1 x c\ld be us$ see #aa 9 a way to greatly h9d] bus9ess74 ,high privilege is1 z a rule1 incompatible ) ! "r ( debate on ! privileg$ "q4 7b7 ,a motion t has ! effect to suppress a "q be=e ! assembly1 s t x _c aga9 be tak5 up t session #db1 all[s ( free debate4 ,& a subsidi>y motion #g1 except commit1 :i* see bel[1 is debatable to j ! ext5t t x int]f]es ) ! "r ( ! assembly to take up ! orig9al "q at its pleasure4 ,illu/rations3 ,to 8,indef9itely ,po/pone0 #bd a "q1 places x out ( ! p[] ( ! assembly to aga9 take x up dur+ t session1 & consequ5tly ?is motion all[s ( free debate1 ev5 involv+ ! :ole m]its ( ! orig9al "q4 ,to 8,po/pone to a c]ta9 "t0 prev5ts ! assembly tak+ up ! "q till ! specifi$ "t1 & !re=e all[s ( limit$ debate ^u ! propriety ( ! po/ponem5t4 ,to 8,lie on ! ,table0 leaves ! "q s t ! assembly c at any "t consid] x1 & !re=e %\ld n be1 & is n debatable4 ,to 8,commit0 w\ld n be v debatable1 accord+ to ?is rule1 b x is an exception1 because x is (t5 important t ! committee %\ld "k ! views ( ! assembly on ! "q1 & x !re=e is n only debatable1 b op5s to debate ! :ole "q :i* x is propos$ to ref] to ! committee4 #cf4 ,decorum 9 ,debate see #b4 ,9 debate a memb] mu/ conf9e himself to ! "q be=e ! assembly1 & avoid p]sonalities4 ,he _c reflect ^u any act ( ! assembly1 unless he int5ds to conclude 8 rem>ks ) a motion to resc9d su* action1 or else :ile debat+ su* motion4 ,9 ref]r+ to ano!r memb]1 he %\ld1 z mu* z possible1 avoid us+ 8 "n1 r ref]r+ to him z 8! memb] :o spoke la/10 or 9 "s o!r way describ+ him4 ,! (fic]s ( ! assembly %\ld always be ref]r$ to by _! (ficial titles4 ,x is n all[able to arraign ! motives ( a memb]1 b ! nature or consequ5ces ( a measure may be condemn$ 9 /rong t]ms4 ,x is n ! man1 b ! measure1 t is ! subject ( debate4 ,if at any "t ! ,*airman rises to /ate a po9t ( ord]1 or give in=mation1 or o!rwise speak1 )9 8 privilege see #dj1 ! memb] speak+ mu/ take 8 seat till ! ,*airman has be5 fir/ he>d4 ,:5 call$ to ord]1 ! memb] mu/ sit d[n until ! "q ( ord] is decid$4 ,if 8 rem>ks are decid$ to be improp]1 he _c proce$1 if any "o objects1 )\t ! leave ( ! assembly express$ by a vote1 ^u :i* "q !re %all be no debate4 ,disord]ly words %\ld be tak5 d[n by ! memb] :o objects to !m1 or by ! cl]k1 & !n read to ! memb]2 if he d5ies !m1 ! assembly %all decide by a vote :e!r !y are 8 words or n4 ,if a memb] _c ju/ify ! words he us$1 & w n suitably apologize = us+ !m1 x is ! duty ( ! assembly to act 9 ! case1 requir+ bo? memb]s to )draw99 ,if bo? are p]sonally int]e/$4 ,see page #afa4 till x has decid$ its c\rse1 x be+ a g5]al rule t no memb] %\ld he pres5t 9 ! assembly :5 any matt] relat+ to himself is "u debate4 ,if any bus9ess has tak5 place s9ce ! memb] spoke1 x is too late to take notice ( any disord]ly words he us$4 #cg4 ,clos+ ,debate4 ,debate ^u a "q is n clos$ by ! ,*airman ris+ to put ! "q1 z1 until bo? ! affirmative & negative are put1 a memb] c claim ! floor1 & re-op5 debate see #ch4 ,debate c be clos$ by ! foll[+ motions1 :i* are undebatable #ce1 &1 except to ,lie on ! ,table1 %all require a two-?irds99 ,9 ,congress1 :]e ea* speak] c occupy ! floor "o h\r1 any ( ^! motions to cut (f debate c be adopt$ by a m]e majority4 ,9 ord9>y societies h>mony is s ess5tial1 t a two-?irds vote %\ld be requir$ to =ce ! assembly to a f9al vote )\t all[+ free debate4 vote = _! adoption #ci3 7a7 ,an objection to ! consid]ation ( a "q only all[able :5 ! "q is fir/ introduc$1 #ae1 :i*1 if su/a9$1 n only /ops debate1 b also ?r[s ! subject out ( ! assembly = t session #db2 :i* latt] effect is ! "o = :i* x 0 design$4 7b7 ,to lie on ! table #ai1 :i*1 if adopt$1 c>ries ! "q to ! table1 f :i* x _c be tak5 )\t a majority favors su* action4 7c7 ,! previ\s "q #bj1 :i* has ! effect ( requir+ all ! que/ions be=e ! assembly except+ z limit$ 9 #bj to be put to vote at once )\t fur!r debate4 ,x may be appli$ m]ely to an am5dm5t or to an am5dm5t ( an am5dm5t4 7d7 ,= ! assembly to adopt an ord] 7#a7 limit+ debate ^u a special subject1 ei!r z to ! numb] or l5g? ( ! spee*es2 or 7#b7 clos+ debate ^u ! subject at a /at$ "t1 :5 all p5d+ que/ions %all be put to vote )\t fur!r debate4 ,ei!r ( ^! two measures may be appli$ only to a p5d+ am5dm5t1 or an am5dm5t !reto1 & :5 ?is is vot$ ^u1 ! orig9al "q is /ill op5 to debate & am5dm5t4 ,art4 ,,vi4 ,vote4 #ch-ci4 #ch4 ,vot+4 ,:5ev] f ! nature ( ! "q x p]mits ( no modification or debate1 ! ,*airman imm$iately puts x to vote2 if ! "q is debatable1 :5 ! ,*airman ?9ks ! debate has be5 br\ght to a close1 he %\ld inquire if ! assembly is ready = ! "q1 & if no "o rises he puts ! "q to vote4 ,!re are v>i\s =ms = putt+ ! "q1 9 use 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! c\ntry4 ,! rule 9 ,congress1 9 ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives1 is z foll[s3 8,que/ions %all be di/9ctly put 9 ?is =m1 to-wit3 #8,z _m z are ( ! op9ion t 7z ! "q may be7 say ,aye2' & aft] ! affirmative voice is express$1 #8,z _m z are ( ! contr>y op9ion1 say ,no4'0 ,! foll[+ =m is v common3 8,x has be5 mov$ & second$ t 7"h /ate ! "q74 ,z _m z are favor ( ! motion say ,aye2 ^? oppos$1 ,no40 ,or1 if ! motion is = ! adoption ( a c]ta9 resolution1 aft] x has be5 read ! ,*airman c say1 8,y h he>d ! resolution read2 ^? 9 favor ( its adoption w hold up ! "r h&2 ^? oppos$ w manife/ x by ! same sign40 ,^! examples are suffici5t to %[ ! usual me?ods ( putt+ a "q1 ! affirmative be+ always put fir/4 ,:5 a vote is tak51 ! ,*airman %\ld always ann\nce ! result 9 ! foll[+ =m3 8,! motion is c>ri$--! resolution is adopt$10 or1 8,! ayes h x--! resolution is adopt$40 ,if1 :5 he ann\nces a vote1 any memb] rises & /ates t he d\bts ! vote1 or calls = a 8division10 ! ,*airman %all say1 8,a division is call$ =2 ^? 9 favor ( ! motion w rise40 ,aft] c\nt+ ^!1 & ann\nc+ ! numb]1 he %all say1 8,^? oppos$ w rise40 w c\nt ^!1 ann\nce ! numb]1 & decl>e ! result2 t is1 :e!r ! motion is c>ri$ or lo/4 ,in/ead ( c\nt+ ! vote himself1 he c appo9t tell]s to make ! c\nt & report to him4 ,:5 tell]s are appo9t$1 !y %\ld be select$ f bo? sides ( ! "q4 ,a memb] has ! "r to *ange 8 vote 7:5 n made by ballot7 be=e ! decision ( ! "q has be5 f9ally & conclusively pron\nc$ by ! ,*air1 b n aft]w>ds4 ,until ! negative is put1 x is 9 ord] = any memb]1 9 ! same mann] z if ! vot+ _h n be5 comm5c$1 to rise & speak1 make motions = am5dm5t or o!rwise1 & ?us r5ew ! debate2 & ?is1 :e!r ! memb] 0 9 ! assembly room or n :5 ! "q 0 put & ! vote p>tly tak54 ,9 su* case ! "q is 9 ! same condition z if x _h nev] be5 put4 ,no "o c vote on a "q affect+ himself1 b if m ?an "o "n is includ$ 9 ! resolution 7?\gh a s5se ( delicacy w\ld prev5t ?is "r be+ ex]cis$1 except+ :5 x w\ld *ange ! vote7 all are entitl$ to vote2 = if ?is 7 n s1 a m9ority c\ld control an assembly by includ+ ! names ( a suffici5t numb] 9 a motion1 say = pref]r+ *>ges aga9/ !m1 & susp5d !m1 or ev5 expel !m f ! assembly4 ,:5 !re is a tie vote ! motion fails1 )\t ! ,*airman gives 8 vote = ! affirmative1 :i* 9 su* case he c d4 ,:]e 8 vote w make a tie1 he c ca/ x & ?us defeat ! measure4 ,ano!r =m ( vot+ is by ballot4 ,?is me?od is only adopt$ :5 requir$ by ! con/itution or by-laws ( ! assembly1 or :5 ! assembly has ord]$ ! vote to be s tak54 ,! ,*airman1 9 su* cases1 appo9ts at lea/ two tell]s1 :o di/ribute slips ( pap] ^u :i* ea* memb]1 includ+ ! ,*airman199 ,%\ld ! ,*airman neglect to vote be=e ! ballots are c\nt$1 he _c !n vote )\t ! p]mission ( ! assembly4 writes 8 vote2 ! votes are !n collect$1 c\nt$ by ! tell]s1 & ! result report$ to ! ,*airman1 :o ann\nces x to ! assembly4 ,! ,*airman ann\nces ! result ( ! vote1 9 case ( an election to (fice1 9 a mann] simil> to ! foll[+3 8,! :ole numb] ( votes ca/ is --2 ! numb] necess>y = an election is --2 ,mr4 ,a4 receiv$ --2 ,mr4 ,b4 --2 ,mr4 ,c4 --4 ,mr4 ,b4 hav+ receiv$ ! requir$ numb] is elect$ --40 ,:]e !re is only "o c&idate = an (fice1 & ! con/itution requires ! vote to be by ballot1 x is common to au?orize ! cl]k to ca/ ! vote ( ! assembly = su* & su* a p]son2 if any "o objects h[ev]1 x is necess>y to ballot 9 ! usual way4 ,s :5 a motion is made to make a vote unanim\s1 x fails if any "o objects4 ,9 c\nt+ ! ballots all blanks are ignor$4 ,! assembly c by a majority vote ord] t ! vote on any "q be tak5 by ,yeas & ,nays499 ,tak+ a vote by yeas & nays1 :i* has ! effect to place on ! record h[ ea* memb] votes1 is peculi> to ?is c\ntry1 & :ile x consumes a great deal ( "t1 is r>ely useful 9 ord9>y societies4 ,by ! ,con/itution1 "o-fif? ( ! memb]s pres5t c1 9 ei!r h\se ( ,congress1 ord] a vote to be tak5 by yeas & nays1 & to avoid "s ( ! result+ inconv5i5ces v>i\s rules & cu/oms h be5 e/abli%$1 :i* are ignor$ 9 ?is ,manual1 z accord+ to x ! yeas & nays c only be ord]$ by a majority1 :i* prev5ts its be+ made use ( to h9d] bus9ess4 ,9 repres5tative bodies x is v useful1 especially :]e ! proce$+s are publi%$1 z x enables ! p to "k h[ _! repres5tatives vot$ on important measures4 ,9 "s small bodies a vote on a resolution mu/ be tak5 by yeas & nays1 ^u ! dem& ( a s+le memb]4 ,9 ?is me?od ( vot+ ! ,*airman /ates bo? sides ( ! "q at once2 ! cl]k calls ! roll & ea* memb] z 8 "n is call$ rises & answ]s yes or no1 & ! cl]k notes 8 answ]4 ,^u ! completion ( ! roll call ! cl]k reads ov] ! names ( ^? :o answ]$ ! affirmative1 & aft]w>ds ^? 9 ! negative1 t mi/akes may be correct$2 he !n gives ! numb] vot+ on ea* side to ! ,*airman1 :o ann\nces ! result4 ,an entry mu/ be made 9 ! m9utes ( ! names ( all vot+ 9 ! affirmative1 & also ( ^? 9 ! negative4 ,! =m ( putt+ a "q ^u :i* ! vote has be5 ord]$ to be tak5 by yeas & nays1 is simil> to ! foll[+3 8,z _m z are 9 favor ( ! adoption ( ^! resolutions w1 :5 _! names are call$1 answ] yes or aye--^? oppos$ w answ] no40 ,! ,*airman w !n direct ! cl]k to call ! roll4 ,! negative be+ put at ! same "t z ! affirmative1 x is too late1 aft] ! "q is put1 to r5ew ! debate4 ,aft] ! comm5cem5t ( ! roll call1 x is too late to ask to be excus$ f vot+4 ,! yeas & nays _c be ord]$ 9 committee ( ! :ole #cb4 #ci4 ,motions ,requir+ ,m ?an a ,majority ,vote499 ,:]e no rule to ! contr>y is adopt$1 a majority vote ( ! assembly1 :5 a quorum #dc is pres5t1 is suffici5t = ! adoption ( any motion1 except = ! susp5sion ( a rule1 :i* c only be done by g5]al cons5t1 or unanim\sly4 ,congress requires a two-?irds vote = only ! motions to susp5d & to am5d ! ,rules1 to take up bus9ess out ( its prop] ord]1 & to make a special ord] see note to #cg4 ,! foll[+ motions %all require a two-?irds vote = _! adoption1 z ! "r ( discussion1 & ! "r to h ! rules en=c$1 %\ld n be abridg$ by a m]e majority3 ,an ,objection to ! ,consid]ation ( a ,"q ''''''''''''44 #ae4 ,to ,take up a ,"q out ( its prop] ord] '''''''''''''''4 #ac4 ,to ,susp5d ! ,rules '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''4 4 #ah4 ,! ,previ\s ,"q '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''4 #bj4 ,to ,close or ,limit ,debate ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''4 #cg4 ,to ,am5d ! ,rules 7requires previ\s notice also7 '''''''''44 #dc4 ,to ,make a special ord] ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''44 #ac4 ,art4 ,,vii4 ,! ,(fic]s & ! ,m9utes4 #dj1 #da4 #dj4 ,*airman99 ,9 connection ) ?is section read #dd1 & also #dj1 #da4 or ,presid5t4 ,! presid+ (fic]1 :5 no special title has be5 assign$ him1 is ord9>ily call$ ! ,*airman 7or 9 religi\s assemblies m usually ! ,mod]ator72 frequ5tly ! con/itution ( ! assembly prescribes = him a title1 su* z ,presid5t4 ,8 duties are g5]ally z foll[s3 ,to op5 ! session at ! "t at :i* ! assembly is to meet1 by tak+ ! *air & call+ ! memb]s to ord]2 to ann\nce ! bus9ess be=e ! assembly 9 ! ord] 9 :i* x is to be act$ ^u #dd2 to /ate & to put to vote #ch all que/ions :i* are regul>ly mov$1 or necess>ily arise 9 ! c\rse ( proce$+s1 & to ann\nce ! result ( ! vote2 ,to re/ra9 ! memb]s1 :5 engag$ 9 debate1 )9 ! rules ( ord]2 to en=ce on all occasions ! obs]vance ( ord] & decorum #cf among ! memb]s1 decid+ all que/ions ( ord] 7subject to an appeal to ! assembly by any two memb]s1 #ad71 & to in=m ! assembly :5 necess>y1 or :5 ref]r$ to = ! purpose1 on a po9t ( ord] or practice2 ,to au!nticate1 by 8 signature1 :5 necess>y1 all ! acts1 ord]s & proce$+s ( ! assembly1 & 9 g5]al to repres5t & /& = ! assembly1 decl>+ its w1 & 9 all ?+s obey+ its comm&s4 ,! *airman %all rise99 ,x is n cu/om>y = ! *airman to rise :ile putt+ que/ions 9 v small bodies1 su* z committees1 bo>ds ( tru/ees1 c4 to put a "q to vote1 b may /ate x sitt+2 he %all also rise f 8 seat 7)\t call+ any "o to ! *air71 :5 speak+ to a "q ( ord]1 :i* he c d 9 pref]5ce to o!r memb]s4 ,9 ref]r+ to himself he %\ld always use 8 (ficial title ?us3 8,! ,*air decides s & s10 n 8,i decide1 c40 ,:5 a memb] has ! floor1 ! *airman _c int]rupt him z long z he does n transgress any ( ! rules ( ! assembly1 except+ z provid$ 9 #b4 ,he is entitl$ to vote :5 ! vote is by ballot199 ,b ?is "r is lo/ if he does n use x be=e ! tell]s h comm5c$ to c\nt ! ballots4 ,! assembly c give leave to ! *airman to vote "u su* circum/ances4 & 9 all o!r cases :]e ! vote w\ld *ange ! result4 ,?us 9 a case :]e two-?irds vote is necess>y1 & 8 vote ?r[n ) ! m9ority w\ld prev5t ! adoption ( ! "q1 he c ca/ 8 vote2 s also he c vote ) ! m9ority :5 x w produce a tie vote & ?us cause ! motion to fail4 ,:5ev] a motion is made ref]r+ especially to ! *airman1 ! mak] ( ! motion %\ld put x to vote4 ,! *airman c1 if x is necess>y to vacate ! *air1 appo9t a *airman pro tem419999 ,:5 !re are ,vice ,presid5ts1 !n ! fir/ "o on ! li/ t is pres5t1 is1 by virtue ( 8 (fice1 *airman dur+ ! abs5ce ( ! ,presid5t1 & %\ld always be call$ to ! *air :5 ! ,presid5t tempor>ily vacates x4 b ! fir/ adj\rnm5t puts an end to ! appo9tm5t1 :i* ! assembly c t]m9ate be=e1 if x pleases1 by elect+ ano!r *airman4 ,b ! regul> *airman1 kn[+ t he w be abs5t f a future meet+1 _c au?orize ano!r memb] to act 9 8 place at su* meet+2 ! cl]k #da1 or 9 8 abs5ce any memb]1 %\ld 9 su* case call ! meet+ to ord]1 & a *airman pro tem4 be elect$1 :o w\ld hold (fice dur+ t session #db1 )\t su* (fice 0 t]m9at$ by ! entrance ( ! regul> *airman4 ,! *airman sometimes calls a memb] to ! *air1 & himself takes "p 9 ! debate4 ,b ?is %\ld r>ely be done1 & no?+ c ju/ify x 9 a case :]e mu* feel+ is %[n1 & !re is a liability to difficulty 9 pres]v+ ord]4 ,if ! *airman has ev5 ! appe>ance ( be+ a p>tisan1 he loses mu* ( 8 ability to control ^? :o are on ! opposite side ( ! "q499 ,! un=tunate habit _m *airm5 h ( con/antly speak+ ^u que/ions be=e ! assembly1 ev5 int]rupt+ ! memb] :o has ! floor1 is unju/ifi$ by ei!r ! common p>liam5t>y law1 or ! practice ( ,congress4 ,"o :o expects to take an active "p 9 debate %\ld nev] accept ! *air4 8,x is a g5]al rule1 9 all delib]ative assemblies1 t ! presid+ (fic] %all n p>ticipate 9 ! debate1 or o!r proce$+s1 9 any o!r capacity ?an z su* (fic]4 ,he is only all[$1 !re=e1 to /ate matt]s ( fact )9 8 k2 to in=m ! assembly on po9ts ( ord] or ! c\rse ( proce$+1 :5 call$ ^u = t purpose1 or :5 he f9ds x necess>y to d s2 & on appeals f 8 decision on que/ions ( ord]1 to address ! assembly 9 debate40 ,cu%+'s ,manual1 page #ajf4 8,?\gh ! ,speak] *airman may ( "r speak to matt]s ( ord] & be fir/ he>d1 he is re/ra9$ f speak+ on any o!r subject except :]e ! assembly h occasion = facts )9 8 k2 !n he may1 ) _! leave1 /ate ! matt] ( fact40 ,jeff]son's ,manual1 sec4 xvii1 & ,b>clay's 8,dige/ ( ! ,rules & ,practice ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives1 ,u4 ,s410 page #aie4 ,! *airman %\ld n only be famili> ) p>liam5t>y usage1 & set ! example ( /rict con=mity to x1 b he %\ld be aman ( executive ability1 capable ( controll+ m52 & x %\ld nev] be =gott51 t1 to control o!rs1 x is necess>y to control "o's self4 ,an excit$ *airman c sc>cely fail to cause tr\ble 9 a meet+4 ,a *airman w (t5 f9d himself p]plex$ ) ! difficulties att5d+ 8 position1 & 9 su* cases he w d well to he$ ! advice ( a di/+ui%$ writ] on p>liam5t>y law1 & recollect t--8,! great purpose ( all rules & =ms1 is to subs]ve ! w ( ! assembly1 r ?an to re/ra9 x2 to facilitate1 & n to ob/ruct1 ! expression ( _! delib]ate s5se40 #da4 ,cl]k or ,secret>y & ! ,m9utes4 ,! record+ (fic] is usually call$ ! 8,cl]k0 or 8,secret>y1099 ,:5 !re are two secret>ies1 he is t]m$ ! 8record+ secret>y10 & ! o!r "o1 ! 8correspond+ secret>y40 ,9 _m societies ! secret>y1 besides act+ z record+ (fic]1 collects ! dues ( memb]s1 & ?us becomes to a c]ta9 ext5t a f9ancial (fic]4 ,9 mo/ cases ! treasur] acts z bank]1 only pay+ on ! ord] ( ! society1 sign$ by ! secret>y alone1 or by ! presid5t & secret>y4 ,9 su* cases ! secret>y becomes 9 reality ! f9ancial (fic] ( ! society1 & %\ld make reports to ! society1 ( funds receiv$ & f :at s\rces1 & ( ! funds exp5d$ & = :at purposes4 ,see #eb = 8 duties z f9ancial (fic]4 & ! record ( proce$+s ! 8,m9utes40 ,8 desk %\ld be ne> t ( ! *airman1 & 9 ! abs5ce ( ! *airman1 7if !re is no vice presid5t pres5t7 :5 ! h\r = op5+ ! session arrives1 x is 8 duty to call ! meet+ to ord]1 & to preside until ! election ( a *airman pro tem41 :i* %\ld be done imm$iately4 ,he %\ld keep a record ( ! proce$+s1 comm5c+ 9 a =m simil> to ! foll[+ 39999 ,see ,cl]k & ,m9utes 9 ,"p ,,ii1 #ea4 8,at a regul> qu>t]ly meet+ ( /ate ! "n ( ! society held on ! #ca/ day ( ,m>*1 #ahge1 at /ate ! place ( meet+1 ! ,presid5t 9 ! *air1 ! m9utes 7 read by ! cl]k & approv$40 ,if ! regul> cl]k is abs5t1 ins]t aft] ! words 89 ! *air10 ! foll[+3 8,! cl]k be+ abs5t1 ,rob]t ,smi? 0 appo9t$ cl]k pro tem4 ,! m9utes 7 !n read & approv$40 ,if ! m9utes 7 n read1 say 8! read+ ( ! m9utes 0 disp5s$ )40 ,! above =m w %[ ! ess5tials1 :i* are z foll[s3 7a7 ,! k9d ( meet+1 8regul>0 or /at$ or 8special10 or 8adj\rn$ regul>10 or 8adj\rn$ special20 7#f7 "n ( ! assembly2 7c7 date & place ( meet+ 7except+ :5 ! place is always ! same72 7d7 ! fact ( ! pres5ce ( ! regul> *airman & cl]k1 or 9 _! abs5ce ! names ( _! sub/itutes2 7e7 :e!r ! m9utes ( ! previ\s meet+ 7 approv$4 ,! m9utes %\ld be sign$ by ! p]son :o act$ z cl]k = t meet+3 9 "s societies ! *airman mu/ also sign !m4 ,:5 publi%$1 !y %\ld be sign$ by bo? (fic]s4 ,9 keep+ ! m9utes mu* dep5ds ^u ! k9d ( meet+1 & :e!r ! m9utes are to be publi%$4 ,if !y are to be publi%$1 x is (t5 ( f> m int]e/ to "k :at 0 said by ! lead+ speak]s1 ?an to "k :at r\t9e bus9ess 0 done1 & :at resolutions adopt$4 ,9 su* case ! duties ( ! secret>y are ardu\s1 & he %\ld h at lea/ "o assi/ant4 ,9 ord9>y society meet+s & meet+s ( ,bo>ds ( ,manag]s & ,tru/ees1 on ! contr>y1 !re is no object 9 report+ ! debates2 ! duty ( ! cl]k1 9 su* cases1 is ma9ly to record :at is 8done0 by ! assembly1 n :at is said by ! memb]s4 ,)\t !re is a rule to ! contr>y1 he %\ld ent] e ,pr9cipal motion #f t is be=e ! assembly1 :e!r x is adopt$ or reject$2 & :]e !re is a division see ,vot+1 #ch1 or :]e ! vote is by ballot1 he %\ld ent] ! numb] ( votes on ea* side2 & :5 ! vot+ is by yeas & nays #ch1 he %\ld ent] a li/ ( ! names ( ^? vot+ on ea* side4 ,he %\ld endorse on ! reports ( committees1 ! date ( _! reception1 & :at fur!r action 0 tak5 ^u !m1 & pres]ve !m among ! records1 = :i* he is responsible4 ,he %\ld 9 ! m9utes make a brief summ>y ( a report t has be5 agre$ to1 except :]e x conta9s resolutions1 9 :i* case ! resolutions w be ent]$ 9 full z adopt$ by ! assembly1 & n z if x 0 ! report accept$4 ,! proce$+s ( ! committee ( ! :ole #cb1 or :ile act+ in=mally #cc1 %\ld n be ent]$ on ! m9utes4 ,be=e an adj\rnm5t )\t day1 x is cu/om>y to read ov] ! m9utes = approval1 if ! next meet+ ( ! bo>d or society w n occur = a long p]iod4 ,:]e ! regul> meet+s are n sep>at$ by too great a "t1 ! m9utes are read at ! next meet+4 ,! cl]k %\ld1 previ\s to ea* meet+1 = ! use ( ! *airman1 make out an ord] ( bus9ess #dd1 %[+ 9 _! exact ord] :at is necess>ily to come be=e ! assembly4 ,he %\ld also h at ea* meet+ a li/ ( all /&+ committees1 & su* select committees z are 9 exi/5ce at ! "t4 ,:5 a committee is appo9t$1 he %\ld h& ! names ( ! committee & all pap]s ref]r$ to x to ! *airman1 or "s o!r ( its memb]s4 ,art4 ,,viii4 ,miscellane\s4 #db-de4 #db4 ,a ,session ( an assembly is a meet+99 ,see def9itions 9 ,introduction = ! di/9ction betwe5 8meet+0 & 8session40 :i*1 ?\gh x may la/ = days1 is virtually "o meet+1 z a session ( a ,conv5tion2 or ev5 mon?s1 z a session ( ,congress2 x t]m9ates by an 8adj\rnm5t )\t day40 ,! int]m$iate adj\rnm5ts f day to day1 or ! recesses tak5 dur+ ! day1 d n de/roy ! cont9uity ( ! meet+--!y 9 reality con/itute "o session4 ,9 ! case ( a p]man5t society1 hav+ regul> meet+s e week1 mon?1 or ye>1 = example1 ea* meet+ con/itutes a sep>ate session ( ! society1 :i* session h[ev] c be prolong$ by adj\rn+ to ano!r day4 ,if a pr9cipal motion #f is indef9itely po/pon$ or reject$ at "o session1 :ile x _c be introduc$ aga9 at ! same session see ,r5ewal ( a ,motion1 #bf1 x c be at ! next1 )\t x is prohibit$ by a rule ( ! assembly4 ,no "o session ( ! assembly c int]f]e ) ! rights ( ! assembly at any future session199 ,any "o session c adopt a rule or resolution ( a p]man5t nature1 & x cont9ues 9 =ce until at "s future session x is resc9d$4 ,b ^! ,/&+ ,rules1 z !y are t]m$1 d n int]f]e ) future sessions1 because at any mom5t a majority c susp5d or resc9d !m1 or adopt new ones4 )\t x is expressly s provid$ 9 _! ,con/itution1 ,bylaws1 or ,rules ( ,ord]1 all ( :i* are s gu>d$ 7by requir+ notice ( am5dm5ts1 & at lea/ a two-?irds vote = _! adoption7 t !y are n subject to sudd5 *anges1 b may be consid]$ z express+ ! delib]ate views ( ! :ole society1 r ?an ! op9ions or wi%es ( any p>ticul> meet+4 ,?us1 if ! presid+ (fic] 7 ill1 x w\ld n be compet5t = "o session ( ! assembly to elect a *airman to hold (fice long] ?an t session1 z x _c control or dictate to ! next session ( ! assembly4 ,by go+ ?r\gh ! prescrib$ r\t9e ( an election to fill ! vacancy1 giv+ :atev] notice is requir$1 x c\ld !n legally elect a *airman to hold (fice :ile ! vacancy la/$4 ,s x is improp] = an assembly to po/pone any?+ to a day beyond ! next succe$+ session1 & ?us attempt to prev5t ! next session f consid]+ ! "q4 ,on ! o!r h&1 x is n p]mitt$ to move a reconsid]ation #bg ( a vote tak5 at a previ\s session ?\gh ! motion to reconsid] c be call$ up1 provid$ x 0 made at ! la/ meet+ ( ! previ\s session4 ,committees c be appo9t$ to report at a future session4 ,note ,on ,session--,9 ,congress1 & 9 fact all legislative bodies1 ! limits ( ! sessions are cle>ly def9$2 b 9 ord9>y societies hav+ a p]man5t exi/5ce1 ) regul> meet+s m or less frequ5t1 !re appe>s to be a great deal ( confusion ^u ! subject4 ,any society is compet5t to decide :at %all con/itute "o ( its sessions1 b1 :]e !re is no rule on ! subject1 ! common p>liam5t>y law w\ld make ea* ( its regul> or special meet+s a sep>ate session1 z !y are reg>d$ 9 ?is ,manual4 ,! disadvantages ( a rule mak+ a session include all ! meet+s ( an ord9>y society1 held dur+ a long "t z "o ye>1 are v great4 ,exam9e ,indef9itely ,po/pone1 #bd1 & ,r5ewal ( a ,motion1 #bf4 ,if memb]s ( any society take advantage ( ! fre$om all[$ by consid]+ ea* regul> meet+ a sep>ate session1 & repeat$ly r5ew obnoxi\s or unpr(itable motions1 ! society c adopt a rule prohibit+ ! second introduction ( any pr9cipal "q #f )91 say1 ?ree or six mon?s aft] its rejection1 or indef9ite po/ponem5t1 or aft] ! society has refus$ to consid] x4 ,b g5]ally x is bett] to suppress ! motion by refus+ to consid] x #ae4 #dc4 ,a ,quorum ( an assembly is su* a numb] z is compet5t to transact its bus9ess4 ,)\t !re is a special rule on ! subject1 ! quorum ( e assembly is a majority ( all ! memb]s ( ! assembly4 ,b :5ev] a society has any p]man5t exi/5ce1 x is usual to adopt a mu* small] numb]1 ! quorum be+ (t5 less ?an "o-tw5tie? ( its memb]s2 ?is becomes a necessity 9 mo/ l>ge societies1 :]e only a small fraction ( ! memb]s are ev] pres5t at a meet+499 ,:ile a quorum is compet5t to transact any bus9ess1 x is usually n exp$i5t to transact important bus9ess )\t !re is a fair att5dance at ! meet+1 or else previ\s notice ( su* action has be5 giv54 ,! ,*airman %\ld n take ! *air till a quorum is pres5t1 except :]e !re is no hope ( !re be+ a quorum1 & !n no bus9ess c be transact$1 except simply to adj\rn4 ,s :5ev] dur+ ! meet+ !re is f\nd n to be a quorum pres5t1 ! only ?+ to be done is to adj\rn--?\gh if no "q is rais$ ab\t x1 ! debate c be cont9u$1 b no vote tak51 except to adj\rn4 ,9 committee ( ! :ole1 ! quorum is ! same z 9 ! assembly2 9 any o!r committee ! majority is a quorum1 )\t ! assembly ord] o!rwise1 & x mu/ wait = a quorum be=e proce$+ to bus9ess4 ,if ! numb] aft]w>ds %\ld be r$uc$ bel[ a quorum1 bus9ess is n int]rupt$1 unless a memb] calls att5tion to ! fact2 b no "q c be decid$ except :5 a quorum is pres5t4 ,bo>ds ( ,tru/ees1 ,manag]s1 ,directors1 etc41 are on ! same foot+ z committees1 9 reg>d to a quorum4 ,_! p[] is delegat$ to !m z a body1 & :at numb] %all be pres5t 9 ord] t !y may act z a ,bo>d1 is to be decid$ by ! society t appo9ts ! ,bo>d4 ,if no quorum is specifi$1 !n a majority con/itutes a quorum4 #dd4 ,ord] ( ,bus9ess4 ,x is cu/om>y = e society hav+ a p]man5t exi/5ce1 to adopt an ord] ( bus9ess = its meet+s4 ,:5 no rule has be5 adopt$1 ! foll[+ is ! ord]3 7#a7 ,read+ ! ,m9utes ( ! previ\s meet+ & _! approval4 7#b7 ,reports ( ,/&+ ,committees4 7#c7 ,reports ( ,select ,committees4 7#d7 ,unf9i%$ ,bus9ess4 7#e7 ,new ,bus9ess4 ,bo>ds ( ,manag]s1 ,tru/ees1 etc41 come "u ! head ( /&+ committees4 ,que/ions t h be5 po/pon$ f a previ\s meet+1 come "u ! head ( unf9i%$ bus9ess2 & if a subject has be5 made a 8special ord]0 = ! day1 x %all take prec$5ce ( all bus9ess except read+ ! m9utes4 ,if x is desir$ to transact bus9ess out ( its ord]1 x is necess>y to susp5d ! rules #ah1 :i* c only be done by a two-?irds vote2 b z ea* subject comes up1 a majority c at once lay x on ! table #ai1 & ?us rea* any "q :i* !y desire to fir/ dispose (4 ,! ord] ( bus9ess1 9 consid]+ any report or proposition conta9+ sev]al p>agraphs199 ,no vote %\ld be tak5 on ! adoption ( ! sev]al p>agraphs1--"o vote be+ tak5 f9ally on ! adoption ( ! :ole pap]4 ,by n adopt+ sep>ately ! diff]5t p>agraphs1 x is 9 ord]1 aft] !y h all be5 am5d$1 to g back & am5d any ( !m /ill fur!r4 ,9 committee a simil> pap] w\ld be treat$ ! same way see #cj4 ,9 #dh 7b7 an illu/ration is giv5 ( ! practical application ( ?is section4 is z foll[s3 ,! :ole pap] %\ld be read entirely ?r\gh by ! cl]k2 !n ! ,*airman %\ld read x by p>agraphs1 paus+ at ! end ( ea*1 & ask+1 8,are !re any am5dm5ts propos$ to ?is p>agraph80 ,if none are (f]$1 he says1 8,no am5dm5ts be+ (f]$ to ?is p>agraph1 ! next w be read20 he !n reads ! next1 & proce$s ?us to ! la/ p>agraph1 :5 he /ates t ! :ole report or resolutions h be5 read1 & are op5 to am5dm5t4 ,he f9ally puts ! "q on agree+ to or adopt+ ! :ole pap] z am5d$4 ,if !re is a preamble x %\ld be read aft] ! la/ p>agraph4 ,if ! pap] has be5 report$ back by a committee ) am5dm5ts1 ! cl]k reads only ! am5dm5ts1 & ! ,*airman !n reads ! fir/ & puts x to ! "q1 & s on till all ! am5dm5ts are adopt$ or reject$1 admitt+ am5dm5ts to ! committee's am5dm5ts1 b no o!rs4 ,:5 ?r\gh ) ! committee's am5dm5ts1 ! ,*airman pauses = any o!r am5dm5ts to be propos$ by ! assembly2 & :5 ^! are vot$ on1 he puts ! "q on agree+ to or adopt+ ! pap] z am5d$4 ,:]e ! resolutions h be5 j read by ! memb] pres5t+ !m1 ! read+ by ! cl]k is usually disp5s$ ) )\t ! =mality ( a vote4 ,by 8susp5d+ ! rules0 #ah1 or by g5]al cons5t1 a report c be at once adopt$ )\t foll[+ any ( ! above r\t9e4 #de4 ,am5dm5ts ( ,rules ( ,ord]4 ,^! rules c be am5d$ at any regul> meet+ ( ! assembly1 by a two-?irds vote ( ! memb]s pres5t1 provid$ ! am5dm5t 0 submitt$ 9 writ+ at ! previ\s regul> meet+4 ,& no am5dm5t to ,con/itutions or ,by-,laws %all be p]mitt$1 )\t at lea/ equal notice & a two-?irds vote499 ,con/itutions1 ,by-,laws & ,rules ( ,ord] %\ld always prohibit _! be+ am5d$ by less ?an a two-?irds vote1 & )\t previ\s notice ( ! am5dm5t be+ giv54 ,if ! ,by-,laws %\ld conta9 rules t x may be desirable to occasionally susp5d1 !n !y %\ld /ate h[ !y c be susp5d$1 j z is done 9 ^! ,rules ( ,ord]1 #ah4 ,if !re is no su* rule x is impossible to susp5d any rule1 if a s+le memb] objects4 ,,"p ,,ii4 ,,organization ,,& ,,conduct ,,( ,,bus9ess499 ,! exact words us$ by ! *airman or memb]1 are 9 _m cases 9 quotations4 ,x is n to be inf]r$ t ^! are ! only =ms p]mitt$1 b t ^! =ms are prop] & common4 ,!y are ins]t$ = ! b5efit ( ^? unaccu/om$ to p>liam5t>y =ms1 & are suffici5tly num]\s = ord9>y meet+s4 ,art4 ,,ix4 ,organization & ,meet+s4 #df-di4 #df4 ,an ,occasional or ,mass ,meet+4 7a7 ,organization4 ,:5 a meet+ is held :i* is n "o ( an organiz$ society1 %ortly aft] ! "t appo9t$ = ! meet+1 "s memb] ( ! assembly /eps =w>d & says3 8,! meet+ w please come to ord]2 ,i move t ,mr4 ,a4 act z *airman ( ?is meet+40 ,"s "o else says1 8,i second ! motion40 ,! fir/ memb] !n puts ! "q to vote1 by say+1 8,x has be5 mov$ & second$ t ,mr4 ,a4 act z *airman ( ?is meet+2 ^? 9 favor ( ! motion w say aye10 & :5 ! affirmative vote is tak51 he says1 8^? oppos$ w say no40 ,if ! majority vote 9 ! affirmative1 he says1 8,! motion is c>ri$2 ,mr4 ,a4 w take ! *air40 ,if ! motion is lo/1 he ann\nces t fact1 & calls = ! nom9ation ( "s "o else = *airman1 & proce$s ) ! new nom9ation z 9 ! fir/ case499 ,sometimes a memb] nom9ates a *airman & no vote is tak51 ! assembly signify+ _! approval by acclamation4 ,! memb] :o calls ! meet+ to ord]1 in/ead ( mak+ ! motion himself1 may act z tempor>y *airman1 & say3 8,! meet+ w please come to ord]3 w "s "o nom9ate a *airman80 ,he puts ! "q to vote on ! nom9ation z describ$ above4 ,9 l>ge assemblies1 ! memb] :o nom9ates1 ) "o o!r memb]1 frequ5tly conducts ! presid+ (fic] to ! *air1 & ! *airman makes a %ort spee*1 ?ank+ ! assembly = ! honor conf]r$ on him4 ,:5 ,mr4 ,a4 takes ! *air1 he says1 8,! fir/ bus9ess 9 ord] is ! election ( a secret>y40 ,"s "o !n makes a motion z j describ$1 or he says 8,i nom9ate ,mr4 ,b10 :5 ! *airman puts ! "q z be=e4 ,sometimes sev]al names are call$ out1 & ! *airman1 z he he>s !m1 says1 8,mr4 ,b4 is nom9at$2 ,mr4 ,c4 is nom9at$10 etc2 he !n takes a vote on ! fir/ "o he he>d1 putt+ ! "q ?us3 8,z _m z are 9 favor ( ,mr4 ,b4 act+ z secret>y ( ?is meet+1 w say aye2--^? oppos$ w say no40 ,if ! motion is lo/ ! "q is put on ,mr4 ,c41 & s on1 till "s "o is elect$4 ,9 l>ge meet+s ! secret>y takes 8 seat ne> ! *airman3 he %\ld 9 all cases keep a record ( ! proce$+s z describ$ 9 #ea4 7b7 ,adoption ( ,resolutions4 ,^! two (fic]s are all t are usually necess>y = a meet+2 s1 :5 ! secret>y is elect$1 ! *airman asks1 8,:at is ! fur!r pleasure ( ! meet+80 ,if ! meet+ is m]ely a public assembly call$ toge!r to consid] "s special subject1 x is cu/om>y at ?is /age ( ! proce$+s = "s "o to (f] a s]ies ( resolutions previ\sly prep>$1 or else to move ! appo9tm5t ( a committee to prep>e resolutions ^u ! subject4 ,9 ! fir/ case he rises & says1 8,mr4 ,*airman20 ! *airman responds1 8,mr4 ,c40 ,mr4 ,c41 hav+ ?us obta9$ ! floor1 !n says1 8,i move ! adoption ( ! foll[+ resolutions10 :i* he !n reads & h&s to ! *airman299 ,! practice 9 legislative bodies1 is to s5d to ! cl]k's desk all resolutions1 bills1 etc41 ! title ( ! bill & ! "n ( ! memb] introduc+ x1 be+ endors$ on ea*4 ,9 su* bodies1 h[ev]1 !re are sev]al cl]ks & only "o *airman4 ,9 _m assemblies !re is b "o cl]k or secret>y1 &1 z he has to keep ! m9utes1 !re is no reason = 8 be+ con/antly int]rupt$ to read e resolution (f]$4 ,9 su* assemblies1 )\t !re is a rule or e/abli%$ cu/om to ! contr>y1 x is all[able1 & frequ5tly mu* bett]1 to h& all resolutions1 reports1 etc41 directly to ! *airman4 ,if !y 7 read by ! memb] introduc+ !m1 & no "o calls = ano!r read+1 ! *airman c omit read+ !m :5 be ?9ks !y are fully und]/ood4 ,9 ref]5ce to ! mann] ( read+ & /at+ ! "q1 :5 ! resolution conta9s sev]al p>agraphs1 see ,rules ( ,ord]1 #dd4 "s "o else says1 8,i second ! motion40 ,! *airman sometimes directs ! secret>y to read ! resolutions aga91 aft] :i* he says1 8,! "q is on ! adoption ( ! resolutions j read10 & if no "o rises imm$iately1 he adds1 8,are y ready = ! "q80 ,if no "o !n rises1 he says1 8,z _m z are 9 favor ( ! adoption ( ! resolutions j read1 w say aye20 aft] ! ayes h vot$1 he says1 8,z _m z are ( a contr>y op9ion w say no20 he !n ann\nces ! result ( ! vote z foll[s3 8,! motion is c>ri$--! resolutions are adopt$10 or1 8,! ayes h x--! resolutions are adopt$40 7c7 ,committee to draft ,resolutions4 ,if x is pref]r$ to appo9t a committee to draft resolutions1 a memb]1 aft] he has address$ ! ,*air & be5 recogniz$1 says1 8,i move t a committee be appo9t$ to draft resolutions expressive ( ! s5se ( ?is meet+ on10 etc41 add+ ! subject = :i* ! meet+ 0 call$4 ,?is motion be+ second$1 ! ,*airman /ates ! "q #fg & asks1 8,are y ready = ! "q80 ,if no "o rises1 he puts ! "q1 ann\nces ! result1 &1 if x is c>ri$1 he asks1 8,( h[ _m %all ! committee consi/80 ,if only "o numb] is sugge/$1 he ann\nces t ! committee w consi/ ( t numb]2 if sev]al numb]s are sugge/$1 he /ates ! diff]5t ones & !n takes a vote on ea*1 beg9n+ ) ! l>ge/1 until "o numb] is select$4 ,he !n inquires1 8,h[ %all ! committee be appo9t$80 ,?is is usually decid$ )\t ! =mality ( a vote4 ,! committee may be 8appo9t$0 by ! ,*air--9 :i* case ! *airman names ! committee & no vote is tak52 or ! committee may be 8nom9at$0 by ! ,*air1 or ! memb]s ( ! assembly 7no memb] nam+ m ?an "o1 except by unanim\s cons5t71 & !n ! assembly vote on _! appo9tm5t4 ,:5 ! *airman nom9ates1 aft] /at+ ! names he puts "o "q on ! entire committee1 ?us3 8,z _m z are 9 favor ( ^! g5tlem5 con/itut+ ! committee1 w say aye40 ,if nom9ations are made by memb]s ( ! assembly1 & m names m5tion$ ?an ! numb] ( ! committee1 a sep>ate vote %\ld be tak5 on ea* "n4 7,9 a mass meet+ x is saf] to h all committees appo9t$ by ! *airman47 ,:5 ! committee are appo9t$ !y %\ld at once retire & agree ^u a report1 :i* %\ld be writt5 out z describ$ 9 #ec4 ,dur+ _! abs5ce o!r bus9ess may be att5d$ to1 or ! "t may be occupi$ ) he>+ addresses4 ,^u _! return ! *airman ( ! committee 7:o is ! "o fir/ nam$ on ! committee1 & :o q commonly1 ?\gh n necess>ily1 is ! "o :o made ! motion to appo9t ! committee71 avails himself ( ! fir/ opportunity to obta9 ! floor199 ,see ,rules ( ,ord]1 #b4 :5 he says1 8,! committee appo9t$ to draft resolutions1 are prep>$ to report40 ,! *airman tells him t ! assembly w n[ he> ! report1 :i* is !n read by ! *airman ( ! committee1 & h&$ to ! presid+ (fic]1 ^u :i* ! committee is dissolv$ )\t any action ( ! assembly4 ,a memb] !n moves ! 8adoption0 or 8acceptance0 ( ! report1 or t 8! resolutions be agre$ to10 :i* motions h ! same effect if c>ri$1 namely1 to make ! resolutions ! resolutions ( ! assembly j z if ! committee _h _h no?+ to d ) !m499 ,a v common error is1 aft] a report has be5 read1 to move t x be receiv$2 :]eas1 ! fact t x has be5 read1 %[s t x has be5 already receiv$ by ! assembly4 ,ano!r mi/ake1 less common b dang]\s1 is to vote t ! report be accept$ :i* is equival5t to adopt+ x71 :5 ! int5tion is only to h ! report up = consid]ation & aft]w>ds move its adoption4 ,:5 "o ( ^! motions is made1 ! *airman acts z /at$ above :5 ! resolutions 7 (f]$ by a memb]4 ,if x is n desir$ to imm$iately adopt ! resolutions1 !y c be debat$1 modifi$1 _! consid]ation po/pon$1 etc41 z expla9$ 9 #ee-fc4 ,:5 ?r\gh ) ! bus9ess = :i* ! assembly 7 conv5$1 or :5 f any o!r cause x is desirable to close ! meet+1 "s "o moves 8to adj\rn20 if ! motion is c>ri$ & no o!r "t = meet+ has be5 appo9t$1 ! *airman says1 8,! motion is c>ri$2 --?is assembly /&s adj\rn$ )\t day40 ,ano!r me?od by :i* ! meet+ may be conduct$ is %[n 9 #dh4 7d7 ,additional ,(fic]s4 ,if m (fic]s are requir$ ?an a *airman & secret>y1 !y c be appo9t$ be=e introduc+ ! resolutions1 9 ! mann] describ$ = ^? (fic]s2 or ! assembly c fir/ =m a tempor>y organization 9 ! mann] already describ$1 only add+ 8pro tem40 to ! title ( ! (fic]s1 ?us3 8*airman pro tem40 ,9 ?is latt] case1 z soon z ! secret>y pro tem4 is elect$1 a committee is appo9t$ to nom9ate ! p]man5t (fic]s1 z 9 ! case ( a conv5tion #dg4 ,frequ5tly ! presid+ (fic] is call$ ! ,presid5t1 & sometimes !re is a l>ge numb] ( ,vice ,presid5ts appo9t$ = m]e complim5t>y purposes4 ,! ,vice ,presid5ts 9 l>ge =mal meet+s1 sit on ! plat=m beside ! ,presid5t1 & 9 8 abs5ce1 or :5 he vacates ! *air1 ! fir/ on ! li/ t is pres5t %\ld take ! *air4 #dg4 ,meet+ ( a ,conv5tion or ,assembly ( ,delegates4 ,if ! memb]s ( ! assembly h be5 elect$ or appo9t$ z memb]s1 x becomes necess>y to "k :o are prop]ly memb]s ( ! assembly & entitl$ to vote1 be=e ! p]man5t organization is effect$4 ,9 ?is case a tempor>y organization is made1 z already describ$1 by ! election ( a *airman & secret>y 8pro tem410 :5 ! *airman ann\nces1 8,! next bus9ess 9 ord] is ! appo9tm5t ( a committee on cr$5tials40 ,a motion may !n be made cov]+ ! entire case1 ?us3 8,i move t a committee ( ?ree on ! cr$5tials ( memb]s be appo9t$ by ! ,*air1 & t ! committee report z soon z practicable20 or !y may include only "o ( ^! details1 ?us3 8,i move t a committee be appo9t$ on ! cr$5tials ( memb]s40 ,9 ei!r case ! ,*air proce$s z already describ$ 9 ! cases ( committees on resolutions #df1 7c74 ,on ! motion to accept ! report ( ! committee1 none c vote except ^? report$ by ! committee z hav+ prop] cr$5tials4 ,! committee1 beside report+ a li/ ( memb]s ) prop] cr$5tials1 may report d\btful or conte/$ cases1 ) recomm5dations1 :i* ! assembly may adopt1 or reject1 or po/pone1 etc4 ,only memb]s ^: "r to _! seats is undisput$1 c vote4 ,! *airman1 aft] ! "q ( cr$5tials is dispos$ (1 at lea/ = ! "t1 ann\nces t 8,! next bus9ess 9 ord] is ! election ( p]man5t (fic]s ( ! assembly40 ,"s "o !n moves ! appo9tm5t ( a committee to nom9ate ! (fic]s1 9 a =m simil> to ?is3 8,i move t a committee ( ?ree be appo9t$ by ! ,*air to nom9ate ! p]man5t (fic]s ( ?is conv5tion40 ,?is motion is treat$ z already expla9$4 ,:5 ! committee make _! report1 "s "o moves 8,t ! report ( ! committee be accept$ & t ! (fic]s nom9at$ be decl>$ ! (fic]s ( ?is conv5tion4099 ,:]e !re is any competition = ! (fices1 x is bett] t !y be elect$ by ballot4 ,9 ?is case1 :5 ! nom9at+ committee report1 a motion c be made z foll[s3 8,i move t ! conv5tion n[ proce$ to ballot = its p]man5t (fic]s20 or 8,i move t we n[ proce$ to ! election1 by ballot1 ( ! p]man5t (fic]s ( ?is conv5tion40 ,see ,rules ( ,ord]1 #ch1 = ballot+1 & o!r me?ods ( vot+4 ,! con/itutions ( p]man5t societies usually provide t ! (fic]s %all be elect$ by ballot4 ,?is motion be+ c>ri$1 ! *airman decl>es ! (fic]s elect$1 & in/antly calls ! new presid+ (fic] to ! *air1 & ! tempor>y secret>y is at ! same "t replac$4 ,! conv5tion is n[ organiz$ = "w4 #dh4 ,a ,p]man5t ,society4 7a7 ,fir/ ,meet+4 ,:5 x is desir$ to =m a p]man5t society1 ^? int]e/$ 9 x %\ld see t only ! prop] p]sons are invit$ to be pres5t1 at a c]ta9 "t & place4 ,x is n usual 9 mass meet+s1 or meet+s call$ to organize a society1 to comm5ce until fifte5 or ?irty m9utes aft] ! appo9t$ "t1 :5 "s "o /eps =w>d & says1 8,! meet+ w please come to ord]2 ,i move t ,mr4 ,a4 act z *airman ( ?is meet+20 "s "o 8seconds ! motion10 :5 ! "o :o made ! motion puts x to vote 7or1 z x is call$1 8puts ! "q071 z already describ$1 "u an 8occasional meet+0 #df1 7a72 &1 z 9 t case1 :5 ! *airman is elect$1 he ann\nces z ! fir/ bus9ess 9 ord] ! election ( a secret>y4 ,aft] ! secret>y is elect$1 ! *airman calls on "s memb] :o is mo/ int]e/$ 9 gett+ up ! society1 to /ate ! object ( ! meet+4 ,:5 ?is memb] rises he says1 8,mr4 ,*airman20 ! *airman !n ann\nces 8 "n1 :5 ! memb] proce$s to /ate ! object ( ! meet+4 ,hav+ f9i%$ 8 rem>ks1 ! *airman may call on o!r memb]s to give _! op9ions ^u ! subject1 & sometimes a p>ticul> speak] is call$ out by memb]s :o wi% to he> him4 ,! *airman %\ld obs]ve ! wi%es ( ! assembly1 & :ile be+ c>eful n to be too /rict1 he mu/ n p]mit any "o to occupy too mu* "t & we>y ! meet+4 ,:5 a suffici5t "t has be5 sp5t 9 ?is in=mal way1 "s "o %\ld (f] a resolution1 s t def9ite action c be tak54 ,^? int]e/$ 9 gett+ up ! meet+1 if x is to be a l>ge "o1 %\ld h previ\sly agre$ ^u :at is to be done1 & be prep>$ at ! prop] "t to (f] a suitable resolution1 :i* may be 9 a =m simil> to ?is3 8,resolv$1 ,t x is ! s5se ( ?is meet+ t a society = /ate ! object ( ! society %\ld n[ be =m$ 9 ?is city40 ,?is resolution1 :5 second$1 & /at$ by ! *airman1 w\ld be op5 to debate & be treat$ z already describ$ #df1 7b74 ,?is prelim9>y motion c\ld h be5 (f]$ at ! comm5cem5t ( ! meet+1 & if ! meet+ is a v l>ge "o1 ?is w\ld probably be bett] ?an to h ! in=mal discussion4 ,aft] ?is prelim9>y motion has be5 vot$ on1 or ev5 )\t wait+ = su* motion1 "o l ?is c be (f]$3 8,i move t a committee ( five be appo9t$ by ! ,*air1 to draft a ,con/itution & ,by-,laws = a society = "h /ate ! object1 & t !y report at an adj\rn$ meet+ ( ?is assembly40 ,?is motion c be am5d$ #ef by /rik+ out & add+ words1 etc41 & x is debatable4 ,:5 ?is committee is appo9t$1 ! *airman may inquire1 8,is !re any o!r bus9ess to be att5d$ to80 or1 8,:at is ! fur!r pleasure ( ! meet+80 ,:5 all bus9ess is f9i%$1 a motion c be made to adj\rn to meet at a c]ta9 place & "t1 :i*1 :5 second$1 & /at$ by ! ,*air1 is op5 to debate & am5dm5t4 ,x is usually bett] to fix ! "t ( ! next meet+ see #fc at an e>li] /age ( ! meet+1 & !n1 :5 x is desir$ to close ! meet+1 move simply 8to adj\rn10 :i* _c be am5d$ or debat$4 ,:5 ?is motion is c>ri$1 ! *airman says1 8,?is meet+ /&s adj\rn$ to meet at10 etc41 specify+ ! "t & place ( ! next meet+4 7b7 ,second ,meet+499 ,ord9>y meet+s ( a society are conduct$ l ?is second meet+1 ! *airman1 h[ev]1 ann\nc+ ! bus9ess 9 ! ord] prescrib$ by ! rules ( ! society #gb4 ,= example1 aft] ! m9utes are read & approv$1 he w\ld say1 8,! next bus9ess 9 ord] is he>+ reports f ! /&+ committees40 ,he may !n call ^u ea* committee 9 _! ord]1 = a report1 ?us3 8,has ! committee on applications = memb]%ip any report to make80 ,9 :i* case ! committee may report1 z %[n above1 or "s memb] ( x reply t !y h no report to make4 ,or1 :5 ! *airman kn[s t !re are b few if any reports to make1 x is bett]1 aft] mak+ ! ann\ncem5t ( ! bus9ess1 = him to ask1 8,h ^! committees any reports to make80 ,aft] a %ort pause1 if no "o rises to report1 he /ates1 8,!re be+ no reports f ! /&+ committees1 ! next bus9ess 9 ord] is he>+ ! reports ( select committees10 :5 he w act ! same z 9 ! case ( ! /&+ committees4 ,! *airman %\ld always h a li/ ( ! committees1 to enable him to call ^u !m1 z well z to guide him 9 ! appo9tm5t ( new committees4 ,at ! next meet+ ! (fic]s ( ! previ\s meet+1 if pres5t1 s]ve until ! p]man5t (fic]s are elect$4 ,:5 ! h\r arrives = ! meet+1 ! *airman /&+1 says1 8,! meet+ w please come to ord]30 z soon z ! assembly is seat$1 he adds1 8,! secret>y w read ! m9utes ( ! la/ meet+40 ,if any "o notices an error 9 ! m9utes1 he c /ate ! fact z soon z ! secret>y f9i%es read+ !m2 if !re is no objection1 )\t wait+ = a motion1 ! *airman directs ! secret>y to make ! correction4 ,! *airman !n says1 8,if !re is no objection ! m9utes w /& approv$ z read0 or 8correct$10 if any corrections h be5 made4 ,he ann\nces z ! next bus9ess 9 ord]1 8! he>+ ( ! report ( ! committee on ! ,con/itution & ,by-,laws40 ,! *airman ( ! committee1 aft] address+ 8,mr4 ,*airman0 & be+ recogniz$1 reads ! committee's report & !n h&s x to ! *airman499 ,9 l>ge & =mal bodies ! *airman1 be=e inquir+ :at is to be done ) ! report1 usually directs ! secret>y to read x aga94 ,see note to #df 7c71 = a few common errors 9 act+ ^u reports ( committees4 ,see also note to #df 7b74 ,if no motion is made1 ! *airman says1 8,y h he>d ! report read--:at ord] %all be tak5 ^u x80 ,or simply inquires1 8,:at %all be done ) ! report80 ,"s "o moves its adoption1 or /ill bett]1 moves 8! adoption ( ! ,con/itution report$ by ! committee10 & :5 second$1 ! *airman says1 8,! "q is on ! adoption ( ! ,con/itution report$ by ! committee40 ,he !n reads ! fir/ article ( ! ,con/itution1 & asks1 8,are !re any am5dm5ts propos$ to ?is article80 ,if none are (f]$1 aft] a pause1 he reads ! next article & asks ! same "q1 & proce$s ?us until he reads ! la/ article1 :5 he says1 8,! :ole ,con/itution hav+ be5 read1 x is op5 to am5dm5t40 ,n[ any "o c move am5dm5ts to any "p ( ! ,con/itution4 ,:5 ! *airman ?9ks x has be5 modifi$ to suit ! wi%es ( ! assembly1 he inquires1 8,are y ready = ! "q80 ,if no "o wi%es to speak1 he puts ! "q1 8,z _m z are 9 favor ( adopt+ ! ,con/itution z am5d$1 w say aye20 & !n1 8,z _m z are oppos$1 w say no40 ,he di/9ctly ann\nces ! result ( ! vote1 :i* %\ld always be done4 ,if ! articles ( ! ,con/itution are subdivid$ into sections or p>agraphs1 !n ! am5dm5ts %\ld be made by sections or p>agraphs1 in/ead ( by articles4 ,! *airman n[ /ates t ! ,con/itution hav+ be5 adopt$1 x w be necess>y = ^? wi%+ to become memb]s to sign x 7& pay ! initiation fee1 if requir$ by ! ,con/itution71 & sugge/s1 if ! assembly is a l>ge "o1 t a recess be tak5 = ! purpose4 ,a motion is !n made to take a recess = say t5 m9utes1 or until ! ,con/itution is sign$4 ,! con/itution be+ sign$1 no "o is p]mitt$ to vote except+ ^? :o h sign$ x4 ,! recess hav+ expir$1 ! *airman calls ! meet+ to ord] & says1 8,! next bus9ess 9 ord] is ! adoption ( ,by-,laws40 ,"s "o moves ! adoption ( ! ,by-,laws report$ by ! committee1 & !y are treat$ j l ! ,con/itution4 ,! *airman !n asks1 8,:at is ! fur!r pleasure ( ! meet+80 or /ates t ! next bus9ess 9 ord] is ! election ( ! p]man5t (fic]s ( ! society4 ,9 ei!r case "s "o moves ! appo9tm5t ( a committee to nom9ate ! p]man5t (fic]s ( ! society1 :i* motion is treat$ z already describ$ 9 #dg4 ,z ea* (fic] is elect$ he replaces ! tempor>y "o1 & :5 !y are all elect$ ! organization is complet$4 ,if ! society is "o t expects to own real e/ate1 x %\ld be incorporat$ accord+ to ! laws ( ! /ate 9 :i* x is situat$1 & = ?is purpose1 "s "o on ! committee on ! ,con/itution %\ld consult a lawy] be=e ?is second meet+1 s t ! laws may be con=m$ to4 ,9 ?is case ! tru/ees are usually in/ruct$ to take ! prop] measures to h ! society incorporat$4 #di4 ,con/itutions1 ,by-,laws1 ,rules ( ,ord] & ,/&+ ,rules4 ,9 =m+ a ,con/itution & ,by-,laws1 x is always be/ to procure copies ( ^? adopt$ by sev]al simil> societies1 & = ! committee1 aft] comp>+ !m1 to select "o z ! basis ( _! own1 am5d+ ea* article j z _! own report is am5d$ by ! ,society4 ,:5 !y h complet$ am5d+ ! ,con/itution1 x is adopt$ by ! committee4 ,! ,by-,laws are treat$ 9 ! same way1 & !n1 hav+ f9i%$ ! "w assign$ !m1 "s "o moves1 8,t ! committee rise1 & t ! *airman 7or "s o!r memb]7 report ! ,con/itution & ,by-,laws to ! assembly40 ,if ?is is adopt$1 ! ,con/itution & ,by-,laws are writt5 out1 & a brief report made ( ?is =m3 8,y\r committee1 appo9t$ to draft a ,con/itution & ,by-,laws1 w\ld respectfully submit ! foll[+1 ) ! recomm5dation t !y be adopt$ z ! ,con/itution & ,by-,laws ( ?is society20 :i* is sign$ by all ! memb]s ( ! committee t concur 9 x4 ,sometimes ! report is only sign$ by ! *airman ( ! committee4 ,9 ! organization j giv51 x is assum$ t bo? a ,con/itution & ,by-,laws are adopt$4 ,?is is n always done2 "s societies adopt only a ,con/itution1 & o!rs only ,by-,laws4 ,:]e bo? are adopt$1 ! con/itution usually conta9s only ! foll[+3 7#a7 ,"n & object ( ! society4 7#b7 ,qualification ( memb]s4 7#c7 ,(fic]s1 _! election & duties4 7#d7 ,meet+s ( ! society 7only includ+ :at is ess5tial1 leav+ details to ! ,by-,laws74 7#e7 ,h[ to am5d ! ,con/itution4 ,^! c be arrang$ 9 five articles1 ea* article be+ subdivid$ into sections4 ,! ,con/itution conta9+ no?+ b :at is fundam5tal1 x %\ld be made v difficult to am5d2 usually previ\s notice ( ! am5dm5t is requir$1 & also a two-?irds or ?ree-f\r?s vote = its adoption #gc4 ,x is bett] n to require a l>g] vote ?an two-?irds1 &1 :]e ! meet+s are frequ5t1 an am5dm5t %\ld n be all[$ to be made except at a qu>t]ly or annual meet+1 aft] hav+ be5 propos$ at ! previ\s qu>t]ly meet+4 ,! ,by-,laws conta9 all ! o!r /&+ rules ( ! society1 ( su* importance t !y %\ld be plac$ out ( ! p[] ( any "o meet+ to modify2 or !y may omit ! rules relat+ to ! conduct ( bus9ess 9 ! meet+s1 :i* w\ld !n con/itute ! ,rules ( ,ord] ( ! society4 ,e society1 9 its ,by-,laws or ,rules ( ,ord]1 %\ld adopt a rule l ?is3 8,! rules conta9$ 9--7specify+ ! "w on p>liam5t>y practice7 %all gov]n ! society 9 all cases to :i* !y are applicable1 & 9 :i* !y are n inconsi/5t ) ! ,rules ( ,ord] 7or ,by-,laws7 adopt$ by ! society40 ,)\t su* a rule1 any "o s dispos$1 c\ld cause great tr\ble 9 a meet+4 ,9 addition to ! ,con/itution1 ,by-,laws & ,rules ( ,ord]1 9 ne>ly e society resolutions ( a p]man5t nature are occasionally adopt$1 :i* are b9d+ on ! society until !y are resc9d$ or modifi$4 ,^! are call$ ,/&+ ,rules1 & c be adopt$ by a majority vote at any meet+4 ,aft] !y h be5 adopt$1 !y _c be modifi$ at ! same session except by a reconsid]ation #fj4 ,at any future session !y c be susp5d$1 modifi$ or resc9d$ by a majority vote4 ,! ,/&+ ,rules1 !n1 comprise ^? rules ( a society :i* h be5 adopt$ l ord9>y resolutions1 )\t ! previ\s notice1 etc41 requir$ = ,by-,laws1 & consequ5tly1 future sessions ( ! society are at lib]ty to t]m9ate !m :5ev] !y please4 ,no ,/&+ ,rule 7or o!r resolution7 c be adopt$ :i* conflicts ) ! ,con/itution1 ,by-,laws or ,rules ( ,ord]499 ,9 practice ^! v>i\s classes ( rules are frequ5tly v mu* mix$4 ,! ,/&+ ,rules ( "s societies are really ,by-,laws1 z ! society _c susp5d !m1 nor c !y be am5d$ until previ\s notice is giv54 ,?is produces confusion )\t any correspond+ b5efit4 ,/&+ ,rules %\ld conta9 only su* rules z are subject to ! w ( ! majority ( any meet+1 & :i* x may be exp$i5t to *ange at any "t1 )\t ! delay incid5t to giv+ previ\s notice4 ,rules ( ,ord] %\ld conta9 only ! rules relat+ to ! ord]ly transaction ( ! bus9ess 9 ! meet+s ( ! society4 ,! ,by-,laws %\ld conta9 all ! o!r rules ( ! society :i* are ( too great importance to be *ang$ )\t giv+ notice to ! society ( su* *ange2 provid$ t ! mo/ important ( ^! c be plac$ 9 a ,con/itution in/ead ( 9 ! ,by-,laws4 ,^! latt] ?ree %\ld provide = _! am5dm5t4 ,! ,rules ( ,ord] %\ld provide = _! susp5sion4 ,! ,by-,laws sometimes provide = ! susp5sion ( c]ta9 articles4 ,none ( ^! ?ree c be susp5d$ )\t x is expressly provid$ =4 ,art4 ,x4 ,(fic]s & ,committees4 #ej4 ,*airman or ,presid5t4 ,x is ! duty ( ! *airman to call ! meet+ to ord] at ! appo9t$ "t1 to preside at all ! meet+s1 to ann\nce ! bus9ess be=e ! assembly 9 its prop] ord]1 to /ate & put all que/ions prop]ly br\ght be=e ! assembly1 to pres]ve ord] & decorum1 & to decide all que/ions ( ord] 7subject to an appeal74 ,:5 he 8puts a "q0 to vote1 & :5 speak+ ^u an appeal1 he %\ld /&299 ,9 meet+s ( bo>ds ( manag]s1 committees & o!r small bodies1 ! *airman usually reta9s 8 seat1 & ev5 memb]s 9 speak+ d n rise4 9 all o!r cases he c sit4 ,9 all cases :]e 8 vote w\ld affect ! result1 or :]e ! vote is by ballot1 he c vote4 ,:5 a memb] rises to speak1 he %\ld say1 8,mr4 ,*airman10 & ! *airman %\ld reply1 8,mr4 ,a20 he %\ld n int]rupt a speak] z long z he is 9 ord]1 b %\ld li/5 to 8 spee*1 :i* %\ld be address$ to him & n to ! assembly4 ,! *airman %\ld be c>eful to ab/a9 f ! appe>ance ( p>tizan%ip1 b he has ! "r to call ano!r memb] to ! *air :ile he addresses ! assembly on a "q2 :5 speak+ to a "q ( ord] he does n leave ! *air4 #ea4 ,! ,cl]k1 ,secret>y or ,record+ ,secret>y1 z he is v>i\sly call$1 %\ld keep a record ( ! proce$+s1 ! "* ( :i* dep5ds ^u ! k9d ( meet+4 ,9 an occasional or mass meet+1 ! record usually am\nts to no?+1 b he %\ld always record e resolution or motion t is adopt$4 ,9 a conv5tion x is (t5 desirable to keep a full record = publication1 & :]e x la/s = sev]al days1 x is usual1 & g5]ally be/1 to appo9t "o or m assi/ant cl]ks4 ,frequ5tly x is a tax on ! judgm5t ( ! cl]k to decide :at to ent] on ! record1 or ! 8,m9utes10 z x is usually call$4 ,sometimes ! po9ts ( ea* spee* %\ld be ent]$1 & at o!r times only ! rem>k t ! "q 0 discuss$ by ,messrs4 ,a41 ,b4 & ,c4 9 ! affirmative1 & ,messrs4 ,d41 ,e4 & ,f4 9 ! negative4 ,e resolution t is adopt$ %\ld be ent]$1 :i* c be done 9 ?is =m3 8,on motion ( ,mr4 ,d4 x 0 resolv$ t1 c40 ,sometimes a conv5tion does its "w by hav+ c]ta9 topics previ\sly assign$ to c]ta9 speak]s1 :o deliv] =mal addresses or essays1 ! subjects ( :i* are aft]w>ds op5 = discussion 9 %ort spee*es1 ( five m9utes1 = in/ance4 ,9 su* cases ! m9utes are v brief1 )\t !y are to be publi%$1 :5 !y %\ld conta9 ei!r ! entire addresses or c>efully prep>$ ab/racts ( !m1 & %\ld %[ ! drift ( ! discussion t foll[$ ea* "o4 ,9 p]man5t societies1 :]e ! m9utes are n publi%$1 !y consi/ ( a record ( :at 0 done & n :at 0 said1 & %\ld be kept 9 a book4 ,! ,=m ( ! ,m9utes c be z foll[s3 8,at a regul> meet+ ( ! ,m4 ,l4 ,society1 held 9 _! hall1 on ,tuesday ev5+1 ,m>* #af1 #ahge1 ,mr4 ,a4 9 ! *air & ,mr4 ,b4 act+ z secret>y1 ! m9utes ( ! previ\s meet+ 7 read & approv$4 ,! committee on ,applications report$ ! names ( ,messrs4 ,c4 & ,d4 z applicants = memb]%ip2 & on motion ( ,mr4 ,f4 !y 7 admitt$ z memb]s4 ,! committee on ---- report$ a s]ies ( resolutions1 :i* 7 ?or\ghly discuss$ & am5d$1 & f9ally adopt$ z foll[s3 8,resolv$1 ,t 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 990 ,on motion ( ,mr4 ,l4 ! society adj\rn$4 ,l- ,b-1 ,secret>y4 ,if ! proce$+s are to be publi%$1 ! secret>y %\ld always exam9e ! publi%$ proce$+s ( simil> meet+s1 s z to con=m to ! cu/om1 except+ :]e x is manife/ly improp]4 ,! ,con/itution1 ,by-,laws1 ,rules ( ,ord] & ,/&+ ,rules %\ld all be writt5 9 "o book1 leav+ e o!r page blank2 & :5ev] an am5dm5t is made to any ( !m1 x %\ld be imm$iately ent]$ on ! page opposite to ! article am5d$1 ) a ref]5ce to ! date & page ( ! m9utes :]e is record$ ! action ( ! society4 ,! secret>y has ! cu/ody ( all pap]s belong+ to ! society1 n specially "u *>ge ( any o!r (fic]4 ,sometimes 8 duties are also ( a f9ancial k9d1 :5 he %\ld make su* reports z are prescrib$ 9 ! next section4 #eb4 ,treasur]4 ,! duties ( ?is (fic] v>y 9 diff]5t societies4 ,9 probably ! majority ( cases he acts z a bank]1 m]ely hold+ ! funds deposit$ ) him1 & pay+ !m out on ! ord] ( ! society sign$ by ! secret>y4 ,8 annual report1 :i* is always requir$1 9 ?is case consi/s ( m]ely a /atem5t ( ! am\nt on h& at ! comm5cem5t ( ! ye>1 ! am\nt receiv$ dur+ ! ye> 7/at+ f :at s\rce receiv$71 ! total am\nt paid out by ord] ( ! society1 & ! balance on h&4 ,:5 ?is report is pres5t$ x is ref]r$ to an 8audit+ committee10 consi/+ ( "o or two p]sons1 :o exam9e ! treasur]'s books & v\*]s1 & c]tify on 8 report t !y 8h exam9$ 8 acc\nts & v\*]s & f9d !m correct1 & ! balance on h& is10 etc41 /at+ ! am\nt on h&4 ,! audit+ committee's report be+ accept$ is equival5t to a resolution ( ! society to ! same effect1 namely1 t ! treasur]'s report is correct4 ,9 ! case "h suppos$1 ! real f9ancial /atem5t is made ei!r by ! bo>d ( tru/ees1 or by ! secret>y or "s o!r (fic]1 accord+ to ! ,con/itution ( ! society4 ,! pr9ciples involv$1 are1 t e (fic] :o receives money is to acc\nt = x 9 a report to ! society1 & t :atev] (fic] is responsible = ! disbursem5ts1 %all report !m to ! society4 ,if ! secret>y1 z 9 _m societies1 is really responsible = ! exp5ses1 ! treasur] m]ely pay+ ^u 8 ord]1 !n ! secret>y %\ld make a full report ( ^! exp5ses1 s classifi$ z to enable ! society to readily see ! am\nts exp5d$ = v>i\s purposes4 ,x %\ld always be rememb]$ t ! f9ancial report is made = ! in=mation ( memb]s4 ,! details ( dates & sep>ate paym5ts = ! same object1 are a h9d]ance to its be+ und]/ood1 & are useless1 z x is ! duty ( ! audit+ committee to exam9e into ! details & see if ! report is correct4 ,e disburs+ (fic] %\ld be c>eful to get a receipt :5ev] he makes a paym5t2 ^! receipts %\ld be pres]v$ 9 regul> ord]1 z !y are ! v\*]s = ! paym5ts1 :i* mu/ be exam9$ by ! audit+ committee4 ,disburs+ (fic]s _c be too c>eful 9 keep+ _! acc\nts1 & !y %\ld insi/ ^u hav+ _! acc\nts audit$ e "t !y make a report1 z by ?is means any error is quickly detect$ & may be correct$4 ,:5 ! society has accept$ ! audit+ committee's report t ! f9ancial report is correct1 ! disburs+ (fic] is reliev$ f ! responsibility ( ! pa/1 & if 8 v\*]s 7 lo/ aft]w>ds1 x w\ld cause no tr\ble4 ,! be/ =m = ^! f9ancial reports dep5ds ^u ! k9d ( society1 & is be/ det]m9$ by exam9+ ^? made 9 simil> societies4 ,! foll[+ =m c be v>i$ to suit mo/ cases3 7:5 ! /atem5t ( receipts & exp5ses is v long1 x is (t5 desirable to specify ! am\nts receiv$ f "o or two p>ticul> s\rces1 :i* c be done imm$iately aft] /at+ ! total receipts2 ! same c\rse c be tak5 9 reg>d to ! exp5ditures73 ,treasur]'s ,report4 ,! und]sign$1 ,treasur] ( ! ,m4 ,l4 ,society1 begs leave to submit ! foll[+ annual report3 ,! balance on h& at ! comm5cem5t ( ! ye> 0 ---- doll>s & ---- c5ts4 ,!re 0 receiv$ f all s\rces dur+ ! ye>1 ---- doll>s & ---- c5ts2 dur+ ! same "t ! exp5ses am\nt$ to ---- doll>s & ---- c5ts1 leav+ a balance on h& ( ---- doll>s & ---- c5ts4 ,! annex$ /atem5t ( receipts & exp5ditures w %[ 9 detail ! s\rces f :i* ! receipts 7 obta9$1 & ! objects to :i* ! exp5ditures h be5 appli$4 ,all ( :i* is respectfully submitt$4 ,s-- ,m--1 ,treasur] ,m4 ,l4 ,s4 ,! 8,/atem5t ( receipts & exp5ditures0 c be made1 by simply giv+ a li/ ( receipts1 foll[$ by a li/ ( exp5ses1 & f9i%+ up ) ! balance on h&4 ,! audit+ committee's c]tificate to ! correctness ( ! acc\nt %\ld be writt5 on ! /atem5t4 ,(t5 ! /atem5t is made out 9 ! =m ( an acc\nt1 z foll[s3 ,dr4 ,! ,m4 ,l4 ,s4 9 acct4 ) ,s4 ,m41 ,treas4 ,cr4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------- #ahgd4 #ahgd4 ,dec4 #ca4 ,to r5t ( hall 44 #ejj #jj ,jan4 #a4 ,by balance on h& 0 ,gas '''''''''44 #hj #jj f la/ ye>'s 0 ,/ation]y '''4 #bf #ej acc\nt '''''''''4 #ba #ac 0 ,janitor ''''''4 #cfj #jj ,dec4 #ca4 ,by initiation fees #ie #jj 0 ,balance on h& #bd #fc 0 memb]s' dues 44 #hge #jj ------- ------- #iia #ac #iia #ac ,we d h]eby c]tify t we h exam9$ ! acc\nts & v\*]s ( ! treasur]1 & f9d !m correct2 & t ! balance 9 8 h&s is tw5ty-f\r doll>s & sixty-?ree c5ts4 ,r4 ,v41 ,j4 ,l41 ,audit ,comm4 #ec4 ,committees4 ,9 small assemblies1 especially 9 ^? :]e b little bus9ess is done1 !re is n mu* ne$ ( committees4 ,b 9 l>ge assemblies1 or 9 ^? do+ a great deal ( bus9ess1 committees are ( ! utmo/ importance4 ,:5 a committee is prop]ly select$1 9 n9e cases out ( t5 its action decides t ( ! assembly4 ,a committee = action %\ld be small & consi/ only ( ^? he>tily 9 favor ( ! propos$ action4 ,a committee = delib]ation or inve/igation1 on ! contr>y1 %\ld be l>g] & repres5t all p>ties 9 ! assembly1 s t its op9ion w c>ry ) x z great weight z possible4 ,! usefulness ( ! committee w be greatly impair$1 if any important faction ( ! assembly be unrepres5t$ on ! committee4 ,! appo9tm5t ( a committee is fully expla9$ 9 #df 7c74 ,! fir/ memb] nam$ on a committee is _! *airman1 & x is 8 duty to call toge!r ! committee1 & preside at _! meet+s4 ,if he is abs5t1 or f any cause fails or decl9es to call a meet+1 x is ! duty ( ! committee to assemble on ! call ( any two ( _! memb]s4 ,! committee are a m9iature assembly1 only be+ able to act :5 a quorum is pres5t4 ,if a pap] is ref]r$ to !m !y mu/ n deface x 9 any way1 b write _! am5dm5ts on a sep>ate %eet4 ,if !y orig9ate ! pap]1 all am5dm5ts mu/ be incorporat$ 9 x4 ,:5 !y orig9ate ! pap]1 usually "o memb] has previ\sly prep>$ a draft1 :i* is read entirely ?r\gh1 & !n read by p>agraphs1 ! *airman paus+ aft] ea* p>agraph & ask+1 8,are !re any am5dm5ts propos$ to ?is p>agraph80 ,no vote is tak5 on ! adoption ( ! sep>ate p>agraphs1 b aft] ! :ole pap] has be5 read 9 ?is way1 x is op5 to am5dm5t1 g5]ally1 by /rik+ out any p>agraph or ins]t+ new ones1 or by sub/itut+ an entirely new pap] = x4 ,:5 x has be5 am5d$ to suit ! committee1 !y %\ld adopt x z _! report1 & direct ! *airman or "s o!r memb] to report x to ! assembly4 ,x is !n writt5 out1 usually comm5c+ 9 a /yle simil> to ?is3 8,! committee to :i* 0 ref]r$ /ate ! matt] ref]r$1 beg leave to submit ! foll[+ report20 or1 8,y\r committee appo9t$ to specify ! object1 w\ld respectfully report10 etc4 ,x usually closes ?us3 8,all ( :i* is respectfully submitt$10 foll[$ by ! signatures ( all ! memb]s concurr+ 9 ! report1 or sometimes by only t ( ! *airman4 ,if ! m9ority submit a report1 x comm5ces ?us3 8,! und]sign$1 a m9ority ( ! committee appo9t$10 etc41 cont9u+ z ! regul> report ( ! committee4 ,aft] ! committee's report has be5 read1 x is usual to all[ ! m9ority to pres5t _! report1 b x _c be act$ ^u except by a motion to sub/itute x = ! report ( ! committee4 ,:5 ! committee's report is read1 !y are dis*>g$ )\t any motion4 ,a motion to ref] ! pap] back to ! same committee 7or to re-commit71 if adopt$1 revives ! committee4 ,art4 ,,xi4 ,introduction ( ,bus9ess4 #ed4 ,any memb] wi%+ to br+ bus9ess be=e ! assembly1 %\ld1 )\t x is v simple1 write d[n 9 ! =m ( a motion1 :at he w\ld l to h ! assembly adopt1 ?us3 ,resolv$1 ,t ! ?anks ( ?is conv5tion be t5d]$ to ! citiz5s ( ?is community = _! he>ty welcome & g5]\s hospitality4 ,:5 !re is no o!r bus9ess be=e ! assembly1 he rises & addresses ! *airman by 8 title1 ?us3 8,mr4 ,*airman10 :o imm$iately recognizes him by ann\nc+ 8 "n499 ,if ! *airman has any special title1 z ,presid5t1 = in/ance1 he %\ld be address$ by x1 ?us3 8,mr4 ,presid5t40 ,sometimes ! *airman recognizes ! speak] by m]ely b[+ to him1 b ! prop] c\rse is to ann\nce 8 "n4 ,he1 !n hav+ ! floor1 says t he 8moves ! adoption ( ! foll[+ resolution10 :i* he reads & h&s to ! *airman49999 ,or1 :5 he is recogniz$ by ! *air1 he may say t he wi%es to (f] ! foll[+ resolutions1 :i* he reads & !n moves _! adoption4 ,"s "o else seconds ! motion1 & ! *airman says1 8,x has be5 mov$ & second$ t ! foll[+ resolution be adopt$10 :5 he reads ! resolution2 or he may read ! resolution & !n /ate ! "q ?us3 8,! "q is on ! adoption ( ! resolution j read40 ,! m]its ( ! resolution are !n op5 to discussion1 b be=e any memb] c discuss ! "q or make any motion1 he mu/ fir/ obta9 ! floor z j describ$4 ,aft] ! *airman /ates ! "q1 if no "o rises to speak1 or :5 he ?9ks ! debate clos$1 he asks1 8,are y ready = ! "q80 ,if no "o !n rises1 he puts ! "q 9 a =m simil> to ! foll[+3 8,! "q is on ! adoption ( ! resolution :i* y h he>d2 z _m z are 9 favor ( its adoption w say aye40 ,:5 ! ayes h vot$1 he says1 8,z _m z are ( a contr>y op9ion w say no4099 ,!re are _m o!r ways ( putt+ a "q2 see #fg1 & ,rules ( ,ord]1 #ch4 ,o!r illu/rations ( ! ord9>y practice 9 introduc+ bus9ess w be se5 9 #df-dh4 ,he !n ann\nces ! result1 /at+ t ! motion is c>ri$1 or lo/1 z ! case may be1 9 ! foll[+ =m3 8,! motion is c>ri$--! resolution is adopt$20 or1 8,! ayes h x--! resolution is adopt$40 ,a majority ( ! votes ca/ is suffici5t = ! adoption ( any motion1 except+ ^? m5tion$ 9 #fh4 ,art4 ,,xii4 ,motions4 #ee4 ,motions ,classifi$ ,accord+ to _! ,object4 ,in/ead ( imm$iately adopt+ or reject+ a resolution z orig9ally submitt$1 x may be desirable to dispose ( x 9 "s o!r way1 & = ?is purpose v>i\s motions h come into use1 :i* c be made :ile a resolution is be+ consid]$1 & = ! "t be+1 sup]s$e x4 ,no "o c make any ( ^! motions :ile ano!r memb] has ! floor1 except+ z %[n 9 #fd1 :i* see = ! circum/ances "u :i* ea* motion c be made4 ,! foll[+ li/ comprises mo/ ( ^! motions1 arrang$ 9 eight classes1 accord+ to ! object = :i* ea* motion is us$4 ,! names ( ! motions are pr9t$ 9 ,italics2 ea* class is treat$ sep>ately1 z %[n by ! ref]5ces4 ,motions ,classifi$4 7#a7 ,to ,am5d or ,modify ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' #ef 7a7 ,am5d4 7b7 ,commit4 7#b7 ,to ,def] action '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '' #eg 7a7 ,po/pone to a c]ta9 "t4 7b7 ,lie on ! ,table4 7#c7 ,to ,suppress ,debate ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' #eh 7a7 ,previ\s ,"q4 7b7 ,an ,ord] limit+ or clos+ ,debate4 7#d7 ,to ,suppress ! "q ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' #ei 7a7 ,objection to its ,consid]ation4 7b7 ,po/pone ,indef9itely4 7c7 ,lie on ! ,table4 7#e7 ,to ,consid] a "q ! second "t ''''''''''''''''''4 #fj 7a7 ,reconsid]4 7#f7 ,ord] & ,rules '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '' #fa 7a7 ,ord]s ( ! day4 7b7 ,special ,ord]s4 7c7 ,susp5sion ( ! ,rules4 7d7 ,que/ions ( ,ord]4 7e7 ,appeal4 7#g7 ,miscellane\s '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''44 #fb 7a7 ,read+ ( ,pap]s4 7b7 ,)drawal ( a ,motion4 7c7 ,que/ions ( ,privilege4 7#h7 ,to close a meet+ ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' #fc 7a7 ,fix ! "t to :i* to ,adj\rn4 7b7 ,adj\rn4 #ef4 ,to ,am5d or ,modify4 7a7 ,am5d4 ,if x is desir$ to modify ! "q 9 any way1 ! prop] motion to make is to 8am5d10 ei!r by 8add+0 words1 or by 8/rik+ out0 words2 or by 8/rik+ out c]ta9 words & ins]t+ o!rs20 or by 8sub/itut+0 a diff]5t motion on ! same subject = ! "o be=e ! assembly2 or by 8divid+ ! "q0 into two or m que/ions1 z ! mov] specifies1 s z to get a sep>ate vote on any p>ticul> po9t or po9ts4 ,sometimes ! enemies ( a measure seek to am5d x 9 su* a way z to divide its fri5ds1 & ?us defeat x4 ,:5 ! am5dm5t has be5 mov$ & second$1 ! *airman %\ld always /ate ! "q di/9ctly1 s t e "o may "k exactly :at is be=e !m1 read+ fir/ ! p>agraph :i* x is propos$ to am5d2 !n ! words to be /ruck out1 if !re are any2 next1 ! words to be ins]t$1 if any2 & f9ally1 ! p>agraph z x w /& if ! am5dm5t is adopt$4 ,he !n /ates t ! "q is on ! adoption ( ! am5dm5t1 :i* is op5 to debate1 ! rem>ks be+ conf9$ to ! m]its ( ! am5dm5t1 only go+ into ! ma9 "q s f> z is necess>y 9 ord] to asc]ta9 ! propriety ( adopt+ ! am5dm5t4 ,?is am5dm5t c be am5d$1 b an 8am5dm5t ( an am5dm5t0 _c be am5d$4 ,none ( ! undebatable motions m5tion$ 9 #ff1 except to fix ! "t to :i* to adj\rn1 c be am5d$1 nor c ! motion to po/pone indef9itely4 7b7 ,commit4 ,if ! orig9al "q is n well dige/$1 or ne$s m am5dm5t ?an c well be made 9 ! assembly1 x is usual to move 8to ref] x to a committee40 ,?is motion c be made :ile an am5dm5t is p5d+1 & x op5s ! :ole m]its ( ! "q to debate4 ,?is motion c be am5d$ by specify+ ! numb] ( ! committee1 or h[ !y %all be appo9t$1 or :5 !y %all report1 or by giv+ !m any o!r in/ructions4 ,see #ec on committees1 & #df 7c7 on _! appo9tm5t4 #eg4 ,to ,def] ,action4 7a7 ,po/pone to a c]ta9 "t4 ,if x is desir$ to def] action ^u a "q till a p>ticul> "t1 ! prop] motion to make1 is to 8po/pone x to t "t40 ,?is motion all[s ( b limit$ debate1 :i* mu/ be conf9$ to ! propriety ( ! po/ponem5t to t "t2 x c be am5d$ by alt]+ ! "t1 & ?is am5dm5t all[s ( ! same debate4 ,! "t specifi$ mu/ n be beyond t session #gj ( ! assembly1 except x be ! next session1 9 :i* case x comes up ) ! unf9i%$ bus9ess at ! next session4 ,?is motion c be made :5 a motion to am5d1 or to commit or to po/pone indef9itely1 is p5d+4 7b7 ,lie on ! table4 ,in/ead ( po/pon+ a "q to a p>ticul> "t1 x may be desir$ to lay x aside tempor>ily until "s o!r "q is dispos$ (1 reta9+ ! privilege ( resum+ its consid]ation at any "t499 ,9 ,congress ?is motion is commonly us$ to defeat a measure1 ?\gh x does n prev5t a majority f tak+ x at any o!r "t4 ,"s societies prohibit a "q f be+ tak5 f ! table1 except by a two-?irds vote4 ,?is rule deprives ! society ( ! advantages ( ! motion to 8lie on ! table40 because x w\ld n be safe to lay a "q aside tempor>ily1 if "o-?ird ( ! assembly 7 oppos$ to ! measure1 z t "o-?ird c\ld prev5t its ev] be+ tak5 f ! table4 ,a b>e majority %\ld n h ! p[]1 9 ord9>y societies1 to adopt or reject a "q1 or prev5t its consid]ation1 )\t debate4 ,see note at end ( #ce1 ,rules ( ,ord]1 on ! pr9ciples involv$ 9 mak+ que/ions undebatable4 ,! only way to accompli% ?is1 is to move t ! "q 8lie on ! table40 ,?is motion all[+ ( nei!r debate nor am5dm5t1 ! *airman imm$iately puts ! "q2 if c>ri$1 ! :ole matt] is laid aside until ! assembly vote to 8take x f ! table0 7:i* latt] motion is undebatable & possesses no privilege74 ,sometimes ?is motion is us$ to suppress a measure1 z %[n 9 #ei 7c74 #eh4 ,to ,suppress ,debate4 7a7 ,previ\s ,"q4 ,:ile z a g5]al rule free debate is all[$ ^u e motion199 ,except an 8objection to ! consid]ation ( ! "q0 #ei 7a74 ,see note to #ce1 ,rules ( ,ord]1 = a full discussion ( ?is subject ( debate4 :i*1 if adopt$1 has ! effect ( adopt+ ! orig9al "q or remov+ x f be=e ! assembly = ! session1--yet1 to prev5t a m9ority f mak+ an improp] use ( ?is privilege1 x is necess>y to h me?ods by :i* debate c be clos$1 & f9al action at once be tak5 ^u a "q4 ,to accompli% ?is1 :5 any debatable "q is be=e ! assembly1 x is only necess>y = "s "o to obta9 ! floor & 8call = ! previ\s "q20 ?is call be+ second$1 ! *airman1 z x all[s ( no debate1 in/antly puts ! "q1 ?us3 8,%all ! ma9 "q be n[ put80 ,if ?is is c>ri$ by a two-?irds vote #fh1 all debate in/antly ceases1 except+ t ! memb] :o (f]$ ! orig9al resolution1 or report$ x f a committee1 is1 z 9 all o!r cases1 entitl$ to ! floor to close ! debate2 aft] :i*1 ! *airman imm$iately puts ! que/ions to ! assembly1 fir/1 on ! motion to commit1 if x is p5d+2 if ?is is c>ri$1 ( c\rse ! subject goes to ! committee2 if1 h[ev]1 x fails1 ! vote is next tak5 on am5dm5ts1 & f9ally on ! resolution z am5d$4 ,if a motion to po/pone1 ei!r def9itely or indef9itely1 or a motion to reconsid]1 or an appeal is p5d+1 ! previ\s "q is exhau/$ by ! vote on ! po/ponem5t1 reconsid]ation or appeal1 & does n cut (f debate ^u any o!r motions t may be p5d+4 ,if ! call = ! previ\s "q fails1 t is1 ! debate is n cut (f1 ! debate cont9ues ! same z if ?is motion _h n be5 made4 ,! previ\s "q c be call$ = simply on an am5dm5t1 & aft] ! am5dm5t has be5 act$ ^u1 ! ma9 "q is aga9 op5 to debate4 7b7 ,an ord] limit+ or clos+ debate4 ,sometimes1 in/ead ( cutt+ (f debate entirely by ord]+ ! previ\s "q1 x is desirable to all[ ( b v limit$ debate4 ,9 ?is case1 a motion is made to limit ! "t all[$ ea* speak] or ! numb] ( spee*es on ea* side1 or to appo9t a "t at :i* debate %all close & ! "q be put4 ,! motion may be made to limit debate on an am5dm5t1 9 :i* case ! ma9 "q w\ld aft]w>ds be op5 to debate & am5dm5t2 or x may be made simply on an am5dm5t to an am5dm5t4 ,9 ord9>y societies1 :]e h>mony is s important1 a two-?irds vote %\ld be requir$ = ! adoption ( any ( ! above motions to cut (f or limit debate499 ,9 ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives1 ^! motions require only a majority vote = _! adoption4 ,9 ! ,s5ate1 to ! contr>y1 n ev5 two-?irds ( ! memb]s c =ce a measure to its passage )\t all[+ debate1 ! ,s5ate rules n recogniz+ ! above motions4 #ei4 ,to ,suppress ! ,"q4 7a7 ,objection to ! consid]ation ( a "q4 ,sometimes a resolution is introduc$ t ! assembly d n wi% to consid] at all1 because x is pr(itless1 or irrelevant to ! objects ( ! assembly1 or = o!r reasons4 ,! prop] c\rse to pursue 9 su* case1 is = "s "o1 z soon z x is introduc$1 to 8object to ! consid]ation ( ! "q40 ,?is objection n requir+ a second1 ! *airman imm$iately puts ! "q1 8,w ! assembly consid] ?is "q80 ,if decid$ 9 ! negative by a two-?irds vote1 ! "q is imm$iately dismiss$1 & _c be aga9 introduc$ dur+ t session4 ,?is objection mu/ be made :5 ! "q is fir/ introduc$1 be=e x has be5 debat$1 & x c be made :5 ano!r memb] has ! floor4 7b7 ,po/pone indef9itely4 ,aft] ! "q has be5 debat$1 ! prop] motion to use 9 ord] to suppress ! "q = ! session1 is to po/pone indef9itely4 ,x _c be made :ile any motion except ! orig9al or ma9 "q is p5d+1 b x c be made aft] an am5dm5t has be5 act$ ^u1 & ! ma9 "q1 z am5d$1 is be=e ! assembly4 ,x op5s ! m]its ( ! ma9 "q to debate to z great an ext5t z if ! ma9 "q 7 be=e ! assembly4 ,on acc\nt ( ^! two facts1 9 assemblies ) %ort sessions x is n v useful1 z ! same result c usually be m easily atta9$ by ! next motion4 7c7 ,lie on ! table4 ,if !re is no possibility dur+ ! rema9d] ( ! session ( obta9+ a majority vote = tak+ up ! "q1 !n ! quicke/ way ( suppress+ x is to move 8t ! "q lie on ! table20 :i*1 all[+ ( no debate1 enables ! majority to in/antly lay ! "q on ! table1 f :i* x _c be tak5 )\t _! cons5t4 ,f its high rank #fd & undebatable "*1 ?is motion is v commonly us$ to suppress a "q1 b1 z %[n 9 #eg 7b71 its effect is m]ely to lay ! "q aside till ! assembly *oose to consid] x1 & x only suppresses ! "q s long z !re is a majority oppos$ to its consid]ation4 #fj4 ,to ,consid] a "q a second "t4 ,reconsid]4 ,:5 a "q has be5 once adopt$1 reject$ or suppress$1 x _c be aga9 consid]$ dur+ t session #gj1 except by a motion to 8reconsid] ! vote0 on t "q4 ,?is motion c only be made by "o :o vot$ on ! prevail+ side1 & on ! day ! vote 0 tak5 :i* x is propos$ to reconsid]499 ,9 ,congress x c be made on ! same or succe$+ day2 & if ! yeas & nays 7 n tak5 on ! vote1 any "o c move ! reconsid]ation4 ,! yeas & nays are h[ev] ord]$ on all important votes 9 ,congress1 :i* is n ! case 9 ord9>y societies4 ,x c be made & ent]$ on ! m9utes 9 ! mid/ ( debate1 ev5 :5 ano!r memb] has ! floor1 b _c be consid]$ until !re is no "q be=e ! assembly1 :51 if call$ up1 x takes prec$5ce ( e motion except to adj\rn & to fix ! "t to :i* ! assembly %all adj\rn4 ,a motion to reconsid] a vote on a debatable "q1 op5s to debate ! entire m]its ( ! orig9al motion4 ,if ! "q to be reconsid]$ is undebatable1 !n ! reconsid]ation is undebatable4 ,if ! motion to reconsid] is c>ri$1 ! *airman ann\nces t ! "q n[ recurs on ! adoption ( ! "q ! vote on :i* has be5 j reconsid]$3 ! orig9al "q is n[ 9 exactly ! same condition t x 0 9 be=e ! fir/ vote 0 tak5 on its adoption1 & mu/ be dispos$ ( by a vote4 ,:5 a motion to reconsid] is ent]$ on ! m9utes1 x ne$ n be call$ up by ! mov] till ! next meet+1 on a succe$+ day499 ,if ! assembly has n adopt$ ^! or simil> rules1 ?is p>agraph w\ld n apply1 b ?is motion to reconsid] w\ld1 l any o!r motion1 fall to ! gr\nd if n act$ ^u be=e ! close ( ! session at :i* ! orig9al vote 0 adopt$4 ,if he fails to call x up !n1 any "o else c d s4 ,b %\ld !re be no succe$+ meet+1 ei!r adj\rn$ or regul>1 )9 a mon?1 !n ! effect ( ! motion to reconsid] t]m9ates ) ! adj\rnm5t ( ! meet+ at :i* x 0 made1 & any "o c call x up at t meet+4 ,9 g5]al no motion 7except to adj\rn7 t has be5 once act$ ^u1 c aga9 be consid]$ dur+ ! same session1 except by a motion to reconsid]4 ,! motion to adj\rn c be r5ew$ if !re has be5 progress 9 bus9ess or debate1 & x _c be reconsid]$4 ,b ?is rule does n prev5t ! r5ewal ( any ( ! motions m5tion$ 9 #fd1 provid$ ! "q be=e ! assembly has 9 any way *ang$2 = 9 ?is case1 :ile ! motions are nom9ally ! same1 !y are 9 fact diff]5t499 ,?us to move to po/pone a resolution is a diff]5t "q f mov+ to po/pone x aft] x has be5 am5d$4 ,a motion to susp5d ! rules = a c]ta9 purpose _c be r5ew$ at ! same meet+1 b c be at an adj\rn$ meet+4 ,a call = ! ord]s ( ! day t has be5 negativ$1 _c be r5ew$ :ile ! "q !n be=e ! assembly is /ill "u consid]ation4 ,see ,rules ( ,ord]1 #bg1 = _m peculi>ities ( ?is motion4 #fa4 ,ord] & ,rules4 7a7 ,ord]s ( ! ,day4 ,sometimes an assembly decides t c]ta9 que/ions %all be consid]$ at a p>ticul> "t1 & :5 t "t arrives ^? que/ions con/itute :at is t]m$ ! 8ord]s ( ! day10 & if any memb] 8calls = ! ord]s ( ! day10 z x requires no second1 ! *airman imm$iately puts ! "q1 ?us3 8,w ! assembly n[ proce$ to ! ord]s ( ! day80 ,if c>ri$1 ! subject "u consid]ation is laid aside1 & ! que/ions appo9t$ = t "t are tak5 up 9 _! ord]4 ,:5 ! "t arrives1 ! *airman may /ate t fact1 & put ! above "q )\t wait+ = a motion4 ,if ! motion fails1 ! call = ! ord]s ( ! day _c be r5ew$ till ! subject !n be=e ! assembly is dispos$ (499 ,9 ,congress1 a memb] entitl$ to ! floor _c be int]rupt$ by a call = ! ord]s ( ! day4 ,9 an ord9>y assembly1 ! mo/ common case :]e ord]s ( ! day are decid$ ^u is :]e x is necess>y to make a programme = ! session4 ,:5 ! h\r arrives = ! consid]ation ( any subject on ! programme1 ^! rules p]mit any memb] to call = ! ord]s ( ! day 7z describ$ 9 ,rules ( ,ord]1 #b7 ev5 ?\gh ano!r p]son has ! floor4 ,if ?is 7 n p]mitt$1 x w\ld (t5 be impossible to c>ry out ! programme1 ?\gh wi%$ = by ! majority4 ,a majority c\ld po/pone ! ord]s ( ! day1 :5 call$ =1 s z to cont9ue ! discussion ( ! "q !n be=e ! assembly4 ,an ord] z to ! "t :5 any subject %all be consid]$1 mu/ n be conf\nd$ ) ! rules ( ! assembly2 ! latt] mu/ be en=c$ by ! *airman1 )\t !y are susp5d$ by a two-?irds vote2 ! =m]1 9 /rictness1 c only be c>ri$ out by ! ord] ( a majority ( ! assembly !n pres5t & vot+4 7b7 ,special ,ord]4 ,if a subject is ( su* importance t x is desir$ to consid] x at a special "t 9 pref]5ce to ! ord]s ( ! day & e/abli%$ ord] ( bus9ess1 !n a motion %\ld be made to make ! "q a 8special ord]0 = t p>ticul> "t4 ,?is motion requires a two-?irds vote = its adoption1 because x is really a susp5sion ( ! rules1 & x is 9 ord] :5ev] a motion to susp5d ! rules is 9 ord]4 ,if a subject is a special ord] = a p>ticul> day1 !n on t day x sup]s$es all bus9ess except ! read+ ( ! m9utes4 ,a special ord] c be po/pon$ by a majority vote4 ,if two special ord]s are made = ! same day1 ! "o fir/ made takes prec$5ce4 7c7 ,susp5sion ( ! ,rules4 ,x is necess>y = e assembly1 if discussion is all[$1 to h rules to prev5t its "t be+ wa/$1 & to enable x to accompli% ! object = :i* ! assembly 0 organiz$4 ,& yet at times _! be/ int]e/s are subs]v$ by susp5d+ _! rules tempor>ily4 ,9 ord] to d ?is1 "s "o makes a motion 8to susp5d ! rules t int]f]e )10 etc41 /at+ ! object ( ! susp5sion4 ,if ?is motion is c>ri$ by a two-?irds vote1 !n ! p>ticul> ?+ = :i* ! rules 7 susp5d$ c be done4 ,by 8g5]al cons5t10 t is1 if no "o objects1 ! rules c at any "t be ignor$ )\t ! =mality ( a motion4 7d7 ,que/ions ( ,ord]4 ,x is ! duty ( ! *airman to en=ce ! rules & pres]ve ord]1 & :5 any memb] notices a brea* ( ord]1 he c call = ! en=cem5t ( ! rules4 ,9 su* cases1 :5 he rises he usually says1 8,mr4 ,*airman1 ,i rise to a po9t ( ord]40 ,! *airman !n directs ! speak] to take 8 seat1 & hav+ he>d ! po9t ( ord]1 decides ! "q & p]mits ! fir/ speak] to resume 8 spee*1 direct+ him to ab/a9 f any conduct t 0 decid$ to be out ( ord]4 ,:5 a speak] has transgress$ ! rules ( decorum he _c cont9ue 8 spee*1 if any "o objects1 )\t p]mission is grant$ him by a vote ( ! assembly4 ,in/ead ( ! above me?od1 :5 a memb] uses improp] language1 "s "o says1 8,i call ! g5tleman to ord]20 :5 ! *airman decides z be=e :e!r ! language is disord]ly4 7e7 ,appeal4 ,:ile on all que/ions ( ord]1 & ( int]pretation ( ! rules & ( priority ( bus9ess1 x is ! duty ( ! *airman to fir/ decide ! "q1 x is ! privilege ( any memb] to 8appeal f ! decision40 ,if ! appeal is second$1 ! *airman /ates 8 decision1 & t x has be5 appeal$ f1 & !n /ates ! "q1 ?us3 8,%all ! decision ( ! *air /& z ! judgm5t ( ! assembly80 or society1 conv5tion1 etc4 ,! *airman c !n1 )\t leav+ ! *air1 /ate ! reasons = 8 decision1 aft] :i* x is op5 to debate 7no memb] speak+ b once71 except+ 9 ! foll[+ cases1 :5 x is undebatable3 7#a7 ,:5 x relates to transgressions ( ! rules ( speak+1 or to "s indecorum1 or to ! priority ( bus9ess2 & 7#b7 :5 ! previ\s "q 0 p5d+ at ! "t ! "q ( ord] 0 rais$4 ,aft] ! vote is tak51 ! *airman /ates t ! decision ( ! *air is su/a9$1 or rev]s$1 z ! case may be4 #fb4 ,miscellane\s4 7a7 ,read+ ( pap]s & 7b7 ,)drawal ( a motion4 ,if a speak] wi%es to read a pap]1 or a memb] to )draw 8 motion aft] x has be5 /at$ by ! *air1 x is necess>y1 if any "o objects1 to make a motion to grant ! p]mission4 7c7 ,que/ions ( ,privilege4 ,%\ld any di/urbance occur dur+ ! meet+1 or any?+ affect+ ! rights ( ! assembly or any ( ! memb]s1 any memb] may 8rise to a "q ( privilege10 & /ate ! matt]1 :i* ! *airman decides to be1 or n to be1 a matt] ( privilege3 7f ! *airman's decision ( c\rse an appeal c be tak574 ,if ! "q is "o ( privilege1 x sup]s$es1 = ! "t be+1 ! bus9ess be=e ! assembly2 its consid]ation c be po/pon$ to ano!r "t1 or ! previ\s "q c be ord]$ on x s z to /op debate1 or x c be laid on ! table1 or ref]r$ to a committee to exam9e & report ^u x4 ,z soon z ! "q ( privilege is 9 "s way dispos$ (1 ! debate :i* 0 int]rupt$ is resum$4 #fc4 ,to ,close ! ,meet+4 7a7 ,fix ! "t to :i* to adj\rn4 ,if x is desir$ to h an adj\rn$ meet+ ( ! assembly1 x is be/ "s "t be=e its close to move1 8,t :5 ?is assembly adj\rns1 x adj\rns to meet at su* a "t10 specify+ ! "t4 ,?is motion c be am5d$ by alt]+ ! "t1 b if made :5 ano!r "q is be=e ! assembly1 nei!r ! motion nor ! am5dm5t c be debat$4 ,if made :5 no o!r bus9ess is be=e ! assembly1 x /&s z any o!r ma9 "q1 & c be debat$4 ,?is motion c be made ev5 :ile ! assembly is vot+ on ! motion to adj\rn1 b n :5 ano!r memb] has ! floor4 7b7 ,adj\rn4 ,9 ord] to prev5t an assembly f be+ kept 9 session an unreasonably long "t1 x is necess>y to h a rule limit+ ! "t t ! floor c be occupi$ by any "o memb] at "o "t499 ,t5 m9utes is all[$ by ^! rules4 ,:5 x is desir$ to close ! meet+1 )\t ! memb] :o has ! floor w yield x1 ! only res\rce is to wait till 8 "t expires1 & !n a memb] :o gets ! floor %\ld move 8to adj\rn40 ,! motion be+ second$1 ! *airman in/antly put ! "q1 z x all[s ( no am5dm5t or debate2 & if decid$ 9 ! affirmative1 he says1 8,! motion is c>ri$2--?is assembly /&s adj\rn$40 ,if ! assembly is "o t w h no o!r meet+1 in/ead ( 8adj\rn$10 he says 8adj\rn$ )\t day10 or 8s9e die40 ,if previ\sly x _h be5 decid$ :5 !y adj\rn$ to adj\rn to a p>ticul> "t1 !n he /ates t ! assembly /&s adj\rn$ to t "t4 ,if ! motion to adj\rn is qualifi$ by specify+ ! "t1 z1 8to adj\rn to to-morr[ ev5+10 x _c be made :5 any o!r "q is be=e ! assembly2 l any o!r ma9 motion1 x c !n be am5d$ & debat$49999 ,= ! effect ( an adj\rnm5t ^u unf9i%$ bus9ess see #fi4 #fd4 ,ord] ( ,prec$5ce ( ,motions4 ,! ord9>y motions rank z foll[s1 & any ( !m 7except to am5d7 c be made :ile "o ( a l[] ord] is p5d+1 b none c sup]s$e "o ( a high] ord]3 ,to ,fix ! ,"t to :i* to ,adj\rn4 ,to ,adj\rn 7:5 unqualifi$74 ,= ! ,ord]s ( ! ,day4 ,to ,lie on ! ,table4 ,= ! ,previ\s ,"q4 ,to ,po/pone to a ,c]ta9 ,"t4 ,to ,commit4 ,to ,am5d4 ,to ,po/pone ,indef9itely4 ,! motion to ,reconsid] c be made :5 any o!r "q is be=e ! assembly1 b _c be act$ ^u until ! bus9ess !n be=e ! assembly is dispos$ (2 :51 if call$ up1 x takes prec$5ce ( all o!r motions except to adj\rn & to fix ! "t to :i* to adj\rn4 ,que/ions incid5tal to ^? be=e ! assembly take prec$5ce ( !m1 & mu/ be act$ ^u fir/4 ,a "q ( ord]1 a call = ! ord]s ( ! day1 or an objection to ! consid]ation ( a "q1 c be made :ile ano!r memb] has ! floor3 s1 too1 c a motion to reconsid]1 b x c only be ent]$ on ! m9utes at t "t1 z x _c sup]s$e ! "q !n be=e ! assembly4 ,art4 ,,xiii4 ,debate4 #fe4 ,rules ( ,speak+ 9 ,debate4 ,all rem>ks mu/ be address$ to ! *airman1 & mu/ be conf9$ to ! "q be=e ! assembly1 avoid+ all p]sonalities & reflections ^u any "o's motives4 ,x is usual = p]man5t assemblies to adopt rules limit+ ! numb] ( times any memb] c speak to ! same "q1 & ! "t all[$ = ea* spee*299 ,9 ,congress ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives all[s f ea* memb] only "o spee* ( "o h\r's l5g?2 ! ,s5ate all[s two spee*es )\t limit z to l5g?4 z o!rwise "o memb]1 :ile he c\ld speak only once to ! same "q1 might defeat a measure by prolong+ 8 spee* & decl9+ to yield ! floor except = a motion to adj\rn4 ,9 ord9>y assemblies two spee*es %\ld be all[$ ea* memb] 7except ^u an appeal71 & ^! rules also limit ! "t = ea* spee* to t5 m9utes4 ,a majority c p]mit a memb] to speak (t5] or long] :5ev] x is desir$1 & ! motion grant+ su* p]mission _c be debat$4 ,h[ev]1 if great] fre$om is want$1 x is only necess>y to consid] ! "q in=mally1 or if ! assembly is l>ge1 g into committee ( ! :ole499 ,see ,rules ( ,ord]1 #cb1 #cc4 ,if on ! o!r h& x is desir$ to limit ! debate m1 or close x altoge!r1 x c be done by a two-?irds vote1 z %[n 9 #eh 7b74 #ff4 ,undebatable ,que/ions & ^? ,op5+ ! ,ma9 ,"q to ,debate4 ,a full li/ ( ^! w be f\nd 9 #ce1 to :i* ! read] is ref]r$4 ,to ! undebatable motions 9 t li/1 %\ld be add$ ! motion to close or limit debate4 ,art4 ,,xiv4 ,miscellane\s4 #fg4 ,=ms ( ,/at+ & ,putt+ ,que/ions4 ,:5ev] a motion has be5 made & second$1 x is ! duty ( ! *airman1 if ! motion is 9 ord]1 to /ate ! "q s t ! assembly may "k :at "q is be=e !m4 ,! second+ ( a motion is requir$ to prev5t a "q be+ introduc$ :5 only "o memb] is 9 favor ( x1 & consequ5tly b little att5tion is paid to x 9 m]e r\t9e motions1 or :5 x is evid5t t _m are 9 favor ( ! motion2 9 su* cases ! *airman assumes t ! motion is second$4 ,(t5 9 r\t9e "w ! *airman puts ! "q )\t wait+ = ev5 a motion1 z few p]sons l to make su* =mal motions1 & mu* "t w\ld be wa/$ by wait+ = !m3 7b ! *airman c only d ?is z long z no "o objects47 ,! foll[+ motions1 h[ev]1 d n h to be second$3 7a7 a call = ! ord]s ( ! day2 7b7 a call to ord]1 or ! rais+ ( any "q ( ord]2 & 7c7 an objection to ! consid]ation ( a "q4 ,"o ( ! commone/ =ms ( /at+ a "q is to say t1 8,x is mov$ & second$ t10 & !n give ! motion4 ,:5 an am5dm5t has be5 vot$ on1 ! *airman ann\nces ! result1 & !n says1 8,! "q n[ recurs on ! resolution10 or1 8on ! resolution z am5d$10 z ! case may be4 ,s 9 all cases1 z soon z a vote is tak51 he %\ld imm$iately /ate ! "q !n be=e ! assembly1 if !re be any4 ,if ! motion is debatable or c be am5d$1 ! *airman1 usually aft] /at+ ! "q1 & always be=e f9ally putt+ x1 inquires1 8,are y ready = ! "q80 ,"s ( ! common =ms ( /at+ & putt+ que/ions are %[n 9 #df-dh4 ,! =ms ( putt+ ! foll[+ que/ions1 are1 h[ev]1 peculi>3 ,if a motion is made to ,/rike out c]ta9 words1 ! "q is put 9 ?is =m3 8,%all ^! words /& z a "p ( ! resolution80 s t on a tie vote !y are /ruck out4 ,if ! ,previ\s ,"q is dem&$1 x is put ?us3 8,%all ! ma9 "q be n[ put80 ,if an ,appeal is made f ! decision ( ! ,*air1 ! "q is put ?us3 8,%all ! decision ( ! ,*air /& z ! judgm5t ( ! assembly80 conv5tion1 society1 etc4 ,if ! ,ord]s ( ! ,day are call$ =1 ! "q is put ?us3 8,w ! assembly n[ proce$ to ! ,ord]s ( ! ,day80 ,:51 ^u ! introduction ( a "q1 "s "o objects to its consid]ation1 ! *airman imm$iately puts ! "q ?us3 8,w ! assembly consid] x80 or1 8,%all ! "q be consid]$80 or discuss$4 ,if ! vote has be5 ord]$ to be tak5 by yeas & nays1 ! "q is put 9 a =m simil> to ! foll[+3 8,z _m z are 9 favor ( ! adoption ( ^! resolutions1 w1 :5 _! names are call$1 answ] yes or aye--^? oppos$ w answ] no40 #fh4 ,motions requir+ a two-?irds vote499 ,see ,two-?irds ,vote1 page #aei1 & #ci ( ,rules ( ,ord]4 ,all motions t h ! effect to make a v>iation f ! e/abli%$ rules & cu/oms1 %\ld require a two-?irds vote = _! adoption4 ,among ^! e/abli%$ cu/oms %\ld be reg>d$ ! "r ( free debate ^u ! m]its ( any measure1 be=e ! assembly c be =c$ to take f9al action ^u x4 ,! foll[+ motions w\ld come "u ?is rule3 ,to am5d or susp5d ! rules4 ,to make a special ord]4 ,to take up a "q out ( its prop] ord]4 ,an objection to ! consid]ation ( a "q4 ,! ,previ\s ,"q1 or a motion to limit or close debate4 #fi4 ,unf9i%$ ,bus9ess4 ,:5 an assembly adj\rns1 ! unf9i%$ bus9ess comes up at ! adj\rn$ meet+1 if "o is held1 z ! fir/ bus9ess aft] ! read+ ( ! m9utes2 if !re is no adj\rn$ meet+1 ! unf9i%$ bus9ess comes up imm$iately be=e new bus9ess at ! next regul> meet+1 provid$ ! regul> meet+s are m frequ5t ?an ye>ly49999 ,see ,rules ( ,ord]1 #aa1 = a full] explanation ( ! effect ( an adj\rnm5t ^u unf9i%$ bus9ess1 & ! ,congressional practice4 ,if ! meet+s are only once a ye>1 ! adj\rnm5t ( ! session puts an end to all unf9i%$ bus9ess4 #gj4 ,session4 ,ea* regul> meet+ ( a society con/itutes a sep>ate session4 ,any meet+ :i* is n an adj\rnm5t ( ano!r meet+1 comm5ces a new session2 ! session t]m9ates z soon z ! assembly 8adj\rns )\t day4099 ,9 ord9>y practice1 a meet+ is clos$ by mov+ simply 8to adj\rn20 ! society meet aga9 at ! "t provid$ ei!r by _! rules or by a resolution ( ! society4 ,if !y d n meet till ! "t = ! next regul> meet+1 z provid$ 9 ! ,by-,laws1 !n ! adj\rnm5t clos$ ! session1 & 0 9 effect an adj\rnm5t )\t day4 ,if1 h[ev]1 !y _h previ\sly fix$ ! "t = ! next meet+1 ei!r by a direct vote1 or by adopt+ a programme ( ex]cises cov]+ sev]al meet+s or ev5 days1 9 ei!r case ! adj\rnm5t is 9 effect to a c]ta9 day1 & does n close ! session4 ,:5 an assembly has meet+s = sev]al days consecutively1 !y all con/itute "o session4 ,ea* session ( a society is indep5d5t ( ! o!r sessions1 except+ z expressly provid$ 9 _! ,con/itution1 ,by-,laws1 or ,rules ( ,ord]1 & except+ t resolutions adopt$ by "o session are 9 =ce dur+ succe$+ sessions until resc9d$ by a majority vote see note to #di4 ,:]e a society holds m ?an "o regul> session a ye>1 ^! rules limit ! indep5d5ce ( ea* session z foll[s3 7a7 ,! ,ord] ( ,bus9ess prescrib$ 9 #gb requires t ! m9utes ( ! previ\s meet+1 ! reports ( committees previ\sly appo9t$1 & ! unf9i%$ bus9ess ( ! la/ session1 %all all take prec$5ce ( new bus9ess1 & t no subject c be consid]$ out ( its prop] ord]1 except by a two-?irds vote2 7b7 x is all[able to po/pone a "q to ! next session1 :5 x comes up ) unf9i%$ bus9ess1 b x is n all[able to po/pone to a day beyond ! next session1 & ?us int]f]e ) ! "r ( ! next session to consid] ! "q2 7c7 a motion to reconsid] a vote c be made at "o meet+ & call$ up at ! next meet+ ev5 ?\gh x be ano!r session1 provid$ ! society holds its regul> sessions z frequ5tly z mon?ly499 ,see ,rules ( ,ord]1 #db1 = a full discussion ( ?is subject4 #ga4 ,quorum4 ,see #dc = full in=mation on ?is subject4 #gb4 ,ord] ( ,bus9ess4 ,e society %\ld adopt an ord] ( bus9ess adapt$ to its special wants4 ,! foll[+ is ! usual ord] :]e no special rule is adopt$1 & :5 m ?an "o regul> meet+ is held ea* ye>3 7#a7 ,read+ ( ! m9utes ( ! la/ meet+4 7#b7 ,reports ( ,bo>ds ( ,tru/ees or ,manag]s1 & ,/&+ ,committees4 7#c7 ,reports ( ,select ,committees4 7#d7 ,unf9i%$ ,bus9ess 7includ+ que/ions po/pon$ to ?is meet+74 7#e7 ,new ,bus9ess4 ,bus9ess _c be consid]$ out ( its ord]1 except by a two-?irds vote2 b a majority c lay on ! table ! diff]5t que/ions z !y come up1 & ?us rea* a subject !y wi% fir/ to consid]4 ,if a subject has be5 made a ,special ,ord] = ?is meet+1 !n x is to be consid]$ imm$iately aft] ! m9utes are read4 #gc4 ,am5dm5ts ( ,con/itutions1 ,by-,laws & ,rules ( ,ord]1 %\ld be p]mitt$ only :5 adopt$ by a two-?irds vote1 at a regul> meet+ ( ! society1 aft] hav+ be5 propos$ at ! previ\s regul> meet+4 ,if ! meet+s are v frequ5t1 weekly1 = in/ance1 am5dm5ts %\ld be adopt$ only at ! qu>t]ly meet+s1 aft] hav+ be5 propos$ at ! previ\s qu>t]ly meet+4 ,legal ,rights ( ,assemblies & ! ,trial ( _! ,memb]s4 ,! ,"r ( ,delib]ative ,assemblies to ,puni% _! ,memb]s4 ,a delib]ative assembly has ! inh]5t "r to make & en=ce its own laws & puni% an (f5d]--! extreme p5alty1 h[ev]1 be+ expulsion f its own body4 ,:5 expell$1 if ! assembly is a p]man5t society1 x has a "r1 = its own protection1 to give public notice t ! p]son has ceas$ to be a memb] ( t society4 ,b x has no "r to g beyond :at is necess>y = self protection & publi% ! *>ges aga9/ ! memb]4 ,9 a case :]e a memb] ( a society 0 expell$1 & an (fic] ( ! society publi%$1 by _! ord]1 a /atem5t ( ! grave *>ges ^u :i* he _h be5 f\nd guilty1 ! expell$ memb] recov]$ damages f ! (fic]1 9 a suit = libel--! c\rt hold+ t ! tru? ( ! *>ges did n affect ! case4 ,! ,"r ( an ,assembly to ,eject any "o f its place ( meet+4 ,e delib]ative assembly has ! "r to decide :o may be pres5t dur+ its session1 & :5 ! assembly1 ei!r by a rule or by a vote1 decides t a c]ta9 p]son %all n rema9 9 ! room1 x is ! duty ( ! *airman to en=ce ! rule or ord]1 us+ :atev] =ce is necess>y to eject ! p>ty4 ,! *airman c detail memb]s to remove ! p]son1 )\t call+ ^u ! police4 ,if1 h[ev]1 9 en=c+ ! ord]1 any "o uses h>%] treatm5t ?an is necess>y to remove ! p]son1 ! c\rts h held t he1 & he alone is liable to prosecution1 j ! same z a policeman w\ld be "u simil> circum/ances4 ,h[ev] badly ! man may be abus$ :ile be+ remov$ f ! room1 nei!r ! *airman nor ! society are liable = damages1 z1 9 ord]+ 8 removal1 !y did n exce$ _! legal rights4 ,rights ( ,ecclesia/ical ,tribunals4 ,_m ( our delib]ative assemblies are ecclesia/ical bodies1 & x is important to "k h[ mu* respect w be paid to _! decisions by ! civil c\rts4 ,a *ur* became divid$ & ea* p>ty claim$ to be ! *ur*1 & !re=e entitl$ to ! *ur* prop]ty4 ,! case 0 tak5 into ! civil c\rts1 & f9ally1 on appeal1 to ! ,u4 ,s4 ,supreme ,c\rt1 :i* held ! case "u advisem5t = "o ye>1 & !n rev]s$ ! decision ( ! ,/ate ,c\rt1 because x conflict$ ) ! decision ( ! highe/ ecclesia/ical c\rt t _h act$ ^u ! case4 ,! ,supreme ,c\rt1 9 r5d]+ its decision1 laid d[n ! broad pr9ciple t1 :5 a local *ur* is b a "p ( a l>g] & m g5]al organization or d5om9ation1 x w accept ! decision ( ! highe/ ecclesia/ical tribunal to :i* ! case has be5 c>ri$ )9 t g5]al *ur* organization1 z f9al1 & w n inquire into ! ju/ice or inju/ice ( its decree z betwe5 ! p>ties be=e x4 ,! (fic]s1 ! m9i/]s1 ! memb]s1 or ! *ur* body :i* ! highe/ judici>y ( ! d5om9ation recognizes1 ! c\rt w recognize4 ,:om t body expels or cuts (f1 ! c\rt w hold to be no long] memb]s ( t *ur*4 ,trial ( ,memb]s ( ,societies4 ,e delib]ative assembly1 hav+ ! "r to purify its own body1 mu/ !re=e h ! "r to inve/igate ! "* ( its memb]s4 ,x c require any ( !m to te/ify 9 ! case1 "u pa9 ( expulsion if !y refuse4 ,9 #cf is %[n ! me?od ( proc$ure :5 a memb] is *>g$ ) violat+ ! rules ( decorum 9 debate4 ,if ! disord]ly words are ( a p]sonal nature1 be=e ! assembly proce$s to delib]ate ^u ! case1 bo? p>ties to ! p]sonality %\ld retire4 ,x is n necess>y = ! memb] object+ to ! words to retire1 unless he is p]sonally involv$ 9 ! case4 ,:5 ! *>ge is aga9/ ! memb]'s "*1 x is usually ref]r$ to a committee ( inve/igation or discipl9e1 or to "s /&+ committee to report ^u4 ,"s societies h /&+ committees1 ^: duty x is to report cases = discipl9e :5ev] any are kn[n to !m4 ,9 ei!r case ! committee inve/igate ! matt] & report to ! society4 ,?is report ne$ n g into details1 b %\ld conta9 _! recomm5dations z to :at action ! society %\ld take1 & %\ld usually close ) resolutions cov]+ ! case1 s t !re is no ne$ = any "o to (f] any additional resolutions ^u x4 ,! ord9>y resolutions1 :]e ! memb] is recomm5d$ to be expell$1 are 7#a7 to fix ! "t to :i* ! society %all adj\rn2 & 7#b7 to in/ruct ! cl]k to cite ! memb] to appe> be=e ! society at ?is adj\rn$ meet+ to %[ cause :y he %\ld n be expell$1 ^u ! foll[+ *>ges1 :i* %\ld !n be giv54 ,aft] *>ges are pref]r$ aga9/ a memb] & ! assembly has ord]$ t he be cit$ to appe> = trial1 he is !oretically "u arre/1 & is depriv$ ( all ! rights ( memb]%ip until 8 case is dispos$ (4 ,! cl]k %\ld s5d ! accus$ a writt5 notice to appe> be=e ! society at ! "t appo9t$1 & %\ld at ! same "t furni% him ) a copy ( ! *>ges4 ,a failure to obey ! summons is g5]ally cause en\gh = summ>y expulsion4 ,at ! appo9t$ meet+1 :at may be call$ ! trial1 takes place4 ,frequ5tly ! only evid5ce requir$ aga9/ ! memb] is ! report ( ! committee4 ,aft] x has be5 read & any additional evid5ce (f]$ t ! committee may see fit to introduce1 ! accus$ %\ld be all[$ to make an explanation & introduce witnesses if he s desires4 ,ei!r p>ty %\ld be all[$ to cross-exam9e ! o!r's witnesses & introduce rebutt+ te/imony4 ,:5 ! evid5ce is all 91 ! accus$ %\ld retire f ! room1 & ! society delib]ate ^u ! "q1 & f9ally act by a vote ^u ! "q ( expulsion or o!r puni%m5t propos$4 ,9 act+ ^u ! case1 x mu/ be borne 9 m9d t !re is a va/ di/9ction betwe5 ! evid5ce necess>y to convict 9 a civil c\rt & t requir$ to convict 9 an ord9>y society or ecclesia/ical body4 ,a notori\s pickpocket c\ld n ev5 be arre/$1 mu* less convict$1 by a civil c\rt1 simply on ! gr\nd ( be+ commonly kn[n z a pickpocket2 :ile su* evid5ce w\ld convict & expel him f any ord9>y society4 ,! moral conviction ( ! tru? ( ! *>ge is all t is necess>y 9 an ecclesia/ical or o!r delib]ative body1 to f9d ! accus$ guilty ( ! *>ges4 ,if ! trial is liable to be long & tr\blesome1 or ( a v delicate nature1 ! memb] is frequ5tly cit$ to appe> be=e a committee1 in/ead ( ! society1 = trial4 ,9 ?is case ! committee report to ! society ! result ( _! trial ( ! case1 ) resolutions cov]+ ! puni%m5t :i* !y recomm5d ! society to adopt4 ,,table ,,( ,,rules ,,relat+ ,,to ,,motions4 ,?is ,table conta9s ! answ]s to m ?an two hundr$ que/ions on p>liam5t>y law1 & %\ld always be consult$ be=e ref]r+ to ! body ( ! ,manual4 ,explanation ( ! ,table4 ,a ,/> %[s t ! rule head+ ! column 9 :i* x /&s1 applies to ! motion opposite to :i* x is plac$3 a blank %[s t ! rule does n apply3 a figure %[s t ! rule only p>tially applies1 ! figure ref]r+ to ! note on ! next page %[+ ! limitations4 ,take1 = example1 8,lie on ! table30 ! ,table %[s t #ai ( ! ,pocket ,manual treats ( ?is motion2 t x is 8undebatable0 & 8_c be am5d$20 & t an affirmative vote on x 7z %[n 9 note #c7 8_c be reconsid]$30 -- ! f\r o!r columns be+ blank1 %[ t ?is motion does n 8op5 ! ma9 "q to debate10 t x does n 8require a #b_/c vote10 t x does 8require to be second$10 & t x is n 89 ord] :5 ano!r memb] has ! floor40 ,! column head$ 8,requires a two-?irds vote10 applies only :]e ! 8,pocket ,manual ( ,rules ( ,ord]10 or simil> rules1 h be5 adopt$4 ,see 8,two-?irds ,vote10 on next page1 "u ,miscellane\s ,rules4 ,aft] ! note to ! ,table is "s additional in=mation t a *airman %\ld always h at h&1 su* z ! ,ord] ( ,prec$5ce ( ,motions1 ! ,=ms ,( ,putt+ ,c]ta9 ,que/ions1 etc4 ,9 ord] :5 ano!r has ! floor #b------------- ,requires no ,second #c----------- ,requires a #b_/c vote #ci--,see ,note #a4--------- ,_c be ,reconsid]$ #bg------- ,_c be ,am5d$ #bc----- ,op5s ,ma9 ,"q to ,debate #ce--- ,undebatable #ce- - ,section 9 ,pocket ,manual #aa ,adj\rn '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''' x 4 x x 4 4 4 #aj ,adj\rn1 ,fix ! ,"t to :i* to ''''''''''''''''''4 #b 4 4 4 4 4 4 #bc ,am5d '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''44 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #bc ,am5d an ,am5dm5t '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''4 4 4 x 4 4 4 4 #dc ,am5d ! ,rules ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''4 4 4 4 4 x 4 4 #ad ,appeal1 relat+ to indecorum1 etc41 #f '''''''''''' x 4 x 4 4 4 x #ad ,appeal1 all o!r cases '''''''''''''''''''''''''''44 4 4 x 4 4 4 x #ad ,call to ,ord] ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' x 4 x 4 4 x x #cg ,close ,debate1 motion to '''''''''''''''''''''''''''44 x 4 4 4 x 4 4 #bb ,commit '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''4 4 x 4 4 4 4 4 #ca ,ext5d ! limits ( debate1 motion to ''''''''''''44 x 4 4 4 4 4 4 #aj ,fix ! ,"t to :i* to ,adj\rn ''''''''''''''''''44 #b 4 4 4 4 4 4 #ae ,leave to cont9ue speak+ :5 guilty ( indecorum x 4 x 4 4 4 4 #ai ,lie on ! ,table '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' x 4 x #c 4 4 4 #cg ,limit ,debate1 motion to '''''''''''''''''''''''''''44 x 4 4 4 x 4 4 #ac ,objection to ,consid]ation ( a ,"q #g ''''''44 x 4 x 4 x x x #ac ,ord]s ( ! ,day1 motion = ! ''''''''''''''''''4 x 4 x 4 4 x x #ba ,po/pone to a c]ta9 "t ''''''''''''''''''''''''44 #d 4 4 4 4 4 4 #bd ,po/pone indef9itely ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''4 4 x x 4 4 4 4 #bj ,previ\s ,"q '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''44 x 4 x 4 x 4 4 #dd ,priority ( ,bus9ess1 que/ions relat+ to ''''''''' x 4 4 4 4 4 4 #af ,read+ ,pap]s ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''44 x 4 x 4 4 4 4 #bg ,reconsid] a debatable "q ''''''''''''''''''''' 4 x x 4 4 4 #e #bg ,reconsid] an undebatable "q '''''''''''''''''' x 4 x 4 4 4 #e #bb ,ref] 7same z ,commit7 '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 4 x 4 4 4 4 4 #aa ,rise 79 ,committee equals ,adj\rn7 '''''''''''''''''' x 4 x x 4 4 4 #aa ,%all ! "q be discuss$8 #g '''''''''''''''4 x 4 x 4 x x x #fa ,special ,ord]1 to make a '''''''''''''''''''''''''''4 4 4 4 4 x 4 4 #bc ,sub/itute 7same z ,am5d7 ''''''''''''''''''''''''44 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #ah ,susp5d ! ,rules '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''44 x 4 x x x 4 4 #ei ,take f ! table ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' x 4 x #c 4 4 4 #dd ,take up a "q out ( its prop] ord] '''''''''4 x 4 x 4 x 4 4 #ag ,)drawal ( a motion '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' x 4 x 4 4 4 4 ,notes ,to ,! ,table4 7#a7 ,?is column only applies to assemblies t h adopt$ ^! ,rules4 ,if no rules are adopt$1 a majority vote is suffici5t = ! adoption ( any motion1 except to 8susp5d ! rules10 :i* requires a unanim\s vote4 ,see ,two-?irds ,vote1 bel[4 7#b7 ,undebatable if made :5 ano!r "q is be=e ! assembly4 7#c7 ,an affirmative vote on ?is motion _c be reconsid]$4 7#d7 ,all[s ( b limit$ debate ^u ! propriety ( ! po/ponem5t4 7#e7 ,c be mov$ & ent]$ on ! record :5 ano!r has ! floor1 b _c int]rupt ! bus9ess !n be=e ! assembly2 x mu/ be made on ! day ! orig9al vote 0 tak51 & by "o :o vot$ ) ! prevail+ side4 7#f7 ,an appeal is undebatable only :5 relat+ to indecorum1 or to transgressions ( ! rules ( speak+1 or to ! priority ( bus9ess1 or :5 made :ile ! ,previ\s ,"q is p5d+4 ,:5 debatable1 only "o spee* f ea* memb] is p]mitt$4 7#g7 ,! objection c only be made :5 ! "q is fir/ introduc$1 be=e debate4 ,,miscellane\s ,,rules4 ,ord] ( ,prec$5ce ( ,motions4 ,! ord9>y motions rank z foll[s1 & any ( !m 7except to am5d7 c be made :ile "o ( a l[] ord] is p5d+1 b none c sup]c$e "o ( a high] ord]3 ,to ,fix ! ,"t to :i* to ,adj\rn4 ,to ,adj\rn 7:5 unqualifi$74 ,= ! ,ord]s ( ! ,day4 ,to ,lie on ! ,table4 ,= ! ,previ\s ,"q4 ,to ,po/pone to a ,c]ta9 ,"t4 ,to ,commit4 ,to ,am5d4 ,to ,po/pone ,indef9itely4 ,! motion to ,reconsid] c be made :5 any o!r "q is be=e ! assembly1 b _c be act$ ^u until ! bus9ess !n be=e ! assembly is dispos$ ( see note #e above1 :51 if call$ up1 x takes prec$5ce ( all o!r motions except to adj\rn & to fix ! "t to :i* to adj\rn4 ,que/ions incid5tal to ^? be=e ! assembly1 take prec$5ce ( !m & mu/ be act$ ^u fir/4 ,two-?irds ,vote4 ,9 ,congress ! only motions requir+ a two-?irds vote1 are to susp5d or am5d ! ,rules1 to take up bus9ess out ( its prop] ord]1 & to make a special ord]4 ,9 ord9>y societies h>mony is s ess5tial1 t a two-?irds vote %\ld be requir$ to =ce ! assembly to a f9al vote ^u a resolution )\t all[+ free debate4 ,! ,table con=ms to ! ,rules ( ,ord]1 :i* are bas$ ^u ?is pr9ciple4 ,if an assembly has adopt$ no ,rules ( ,ord]1 !n a majority vote is suffici5t = ! adoption ( any motion1 except to 8susp5d ! rules10 :i* w\ld require a unanim\s vote4 ,=ms ( ,putt+ ,c]ta9 ,que/ions4 ,if a motion is made to ,/rike out c]ta9 words1 ! "q is put 9 ?is =m3 8,%all ^! words /& z a "p ( ! resolution80 s t on a tie vote !y are /ruck out4 ,if ! ,previ\s ,"q is dem&$1 x is put ?us3 8,%all ! ma9 "q n[ be put80 ,if an ,appeal is made f ! decision ( ! ,*air1 ! "q is put ?us3 8,%all ! decision ( ! ,*air /& z ! judgem5t ( ! assembly80 conv5tion1 society1 etc44 ,if ! ,ord]s ( ! ,day are call$ =1 ! "q is put ?us3 8,w ! assembly n[ proce$ to ! ,ord]s ( ! ,day80 ,:51 ^u ! introduction ( a "q1 "s "o objects to its consid]ation1 ! *airman imm$iately puts ! "q ?us3 8,w ! assembly consid] x80 or 8,%all ! "q be consid]$80 or discuss$4 ,if ! vote has be5 ord]$ to be tak5 by yeas & nays1 ! "q is put 9 a =m simil> to ! foll[+3 8,z _m z are 9 favor ( ! adoption ( ^! resolutions1 w1 :5 _! names are call$1 answ] yes or aye--^? oppos$ w answ] no40 ,v>i\s ,=ms ( ,am5dm5ts4 ,an ,am5dm5t may be ei!r 7#a7 by 8add+0 or 7#b7 by 8/rik+ out0 words or p>agraphs2 or 7#c7 by 8/rik+ out c]ta9 words & ins]t+ o!rs20 or 7#d7 by 8sub/itut+0 a diff]5t motion on ! same subject2 or 7#e7 by 8divid+ ! "q0 into two or m que/ions1 s z to get a sep>ate vote on any p>ticul> po9t or po9ts4 ,additions & ,corrections4 ,^! corrections1 ?\gh mo/ly conta9$ 9 o!r p>ts ( ! ,manual1 are also ne$$ 9 ! places "h indicat$4 #ai? page1 #g? l9e1 aft] 8 #ac0 ins]t a /> ref]r+ to ?is note3 8,see note to #fa40 #ej? 0 #b;d l9e ( la/ note1 omit all aft] 8reconsid]ation40 #ea/ 0 at end ( #ab? l9e1 ins]t 8^u ano!r day40 0 0 #aj? l9e1 ins]t a />1 ref]r+ to ?is note3 8,9 ,congress ! effect always t]m9ates ) ! session1 & x _c be call$ up by any "o b ! mov]1 until ! expiration ( ! "t dur+ :i* x is 9 ord] to move a reconsid]ation40 #fi? 0 #d? l9e1 aft] 8 #cd10 ins]t 8or limit+ or clos+ debate40 #gb;d 0 #ag? l9e1 ins]t a /> ref]r+ to ?is note3 8,if bo? are p]sonally int]e/$4 ,see p4 #afa40 #gc;d 0 la/ l9e ( note1 ins]t 8f9al0 be=e 8vote40 #hj? 0 add to ! li/ 9 #ci ! motion 8,to make a special ord]40 ,,index4 ,! figures f #a to #de ref] to sections 9 ,"p ,i2 ^? great] ?an #de1 to sections 9 ,"p ,,ii4 ,a complete li/ ( motions w be f\nd 9 ! ,index1 "u ! title ,motions1 li/ (4 ,! arrangem5t ( ! "w c be mo/ easily se5 by exam9+ ! ,table ( ,cont5ts pp4 #e-h2 its plan is expla9$ 9 ! ,introduction1 pp4 #ab-ae4 ,,section4 ,adj\rn1 motion to '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''' #aa1 #fc;b :5 9 ord] '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''' #aa1 #fd effect ^u unf9i%$ bus9ess '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' #aa1 #fi motion to 8fix ! "t to :i* to adj\rn0 '''''''''''''''''' #aj1 #fc ,am5dm5t1 motion to 8am5d0 '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''4 #bc1 #ef;a by 8add+0 or 8/rik+ out0 ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''44 #bc1 #ef;a by 8/rik+ out & ins]t+0 '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' #bc1 #ef;a by 8sub/itut+0 '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''44 #bc1 #ef;a by 8divid+ ! "q0 ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''44 #d1 #bc1 #ef;a ( an am5dm5t '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''4 #bc1 #ef;a 9 committee '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''44 #bh1 #ec 9 committee ( ! :ole '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''4 #cb ( reports or propositions ) sev]al p>agraphs '''''''''44 #dd1 #dh;b ( ,rules ( ,ord]1 ,by-,laws & ,con/itutions '''''''''''''''''' #de1 #gc motions t _c be am5d$ ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''4 #bc1 #ef;a ,ann\nc+ ! vote4 ,see ,=ms4 ,appeal f ! decision ( ! *air ''''''''''''''''''''''''44 #ad1 #fa;e ,apply1 mean+ ( 7,introduction1 page #ad74 ,assembly1 h[ organiz$ ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''4 #df1 #dg1 #dh ! ^w to be replac$ by ,society1 ,conv5tion1 etc41 :5 x occurs 9 =ms ( que/ions1 p #af4 legal rights (1 pp4 #aeh-afc4 "r to puni% memb]s1 p4 #aeh4 "r to eject p]sons f _! room1 p4 #aei4 trial ( memb]s1 p4 #afj4 ,ayes & ,noes4 ,see ,yeas & ,nays1 #ch4 ,ballot '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''44 #ch ,blanks1 fill+ ( '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''44 #be 9 ballot+1 n to be c\nt$ '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''44 #ch ,bo>ds ( ,tru/ees1 ,manag]s1 etc41 _! reports 9 ord] :5 reports ( /&+ committees are made '''''''''''' #dd1 #gb 7,see ,quorum47 ,bus9ess1 introduction ( ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''44 #a-e1 #ed ord] ( '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''' #dd1 #gb unf9i%$1 effect ( an adj\rnm5t ^u ''''''''''''''''''''' #aa1 #fi ,see ,priority ( ,bus9ess4 ,by-,laws1 :at !y %\ld conta9 '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''44 #di adoption ( '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''' #df;a am5dm5t ( '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''44 #de1 #gc ,*airman1 duties ( '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''' #dj1 #ej election ( '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''' #df;a tempor>y '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''44 #dj1 #dg ( a committee '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''' #bh1 #ec ( committee ( ! :ole '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''4 #cb ,*ange ( ,vote all[$ be=e result is ann\nc$ ''''''''''''''''''4 #ch ,classification ( ,motions accord+ to _! object '''''''''''''''44 #ee into ,privileg$1 ,incid5tal1 ,subsidi>y1 etc4 ''''''''''''''''''44 #f-i ,cl]k1 duties ( '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''' #da1 #ea additional duties ( :5 receiv+ money ''''''''''''''''''''''''4 #eb election ( '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''' #df;a ,commit1 motion to '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''4 #bb1 #ef;b ,committees1 appo9tm5t ( ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''4 #bb1 #df;c h[ !y %\ld be compos$ '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''44 #bb1 #ec object ( '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''44 #bh1 #ec mann] ( conduct+ bus9ess 9 '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' #bh1 #ec ,reports (1 _! =m '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''4 #bi1 #ec _! reception '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''44 #cj1 #df;c _! adoption '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''' #ca1 #df;c _! place 9 ! ord] ( bus9ess '''''''''''''''''''''''' #dd1 #gb common errors 9 act+ ^u 7note7 '''''''''''''''''''''''' #cj1 #df;c ,m9ority ,reports (1 _! =m ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''4 #bi1 #ec to be act$ ^u mu/ be mov$ z a sub/itute = ! committee's report ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''44 #bh1 #ec ( ! :ole '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''' #cb z if 9 committee ( ! :ole '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''44 #cc ,congress1 rules (1 ! basis ( ?is "w1 pp4 #aj-ab4 ,consid]ation ( a "q1 objection to '''''''''''''''''''''4 #ae1 #ei;a ,con/itutions1 :at !y %\ld conta9 '''''''''''''''''''''''''''44 #di adoption ( by a society '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''4 4 #dh;b am5dm5t ( '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''44 #de1 #gc ,conv5tion1 mann] ( organiz+ & conduct+ a meet+ ( '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''44 #dg ,cr$5tials ( delegates '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''44 #dg ,debate1 :at prec$es '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''44 #c1 #ed no memb] to speak b twice 9 same ''''''''''''''''''''''''44 #cd1 #fe no memb] to speak long] ?an t5 m9utes at "o "t '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''44 #cd1 #fe a majority c ext5d ! numb] & l5g? ( spee*es all[$ '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''4 #cd1 #fe numb] ( spee*es & "t all[$ 9 ,congress 7note7 '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''' #cd1 #fe memb] introduc+ measure has "r to close ''''''''''''''''''''' #cd li/ ( undebatable que/ions ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' #ce1 #ff motions t op5 ! ma9 "q to '''''''''''''''''''''''''''4 #ce pr9ciples regulat+ ! ext5t ( 7see note7 ''''''''''''''''''44 #ce decorum 9 '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''4 #cf1 #fe clos+ or limit+ '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''4 #cg1 #eh ,decorum 9 debate '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''44 #cf1 #fe ,def9itions ( v>i\s t]ms ,introduction1 p4 #ae4 ,delegates1 organization ( a meet+ ( '''''''''''''''''''''''''''44 #dg ,division ( ! assembly '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''44 #ch ( que/ions see ,am5dm5t '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''4 #d1 #ef;a ,ecclesia/ical ,tribunals1 legal rights (1 p4 #aei4 ,election ( ,(fic]s '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''4 #df;a1 #dg ,fix ! "t to :i* to ,adj\rn1 motion to ''''''''''''''''''44 #aj1 #fc;a ,floor1 h[ to obta9 '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''' #b1 #ed ,=ms ( mak+ motions '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''4 4 #df1 #ed ( /at+ & putt+ que/ions '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' #ch1 #fg ( ann\nc+ ! result ( a vote '''''''''''''''''''''''''''4 #ch1 #ed ( reports ( committees ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''44 #bi1 #ec ( treasur]s' reports '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''44 #eb ( m9utes ( a meet+ ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' #da1 #ea ( conduct+ an occasional or mass meet+ '''''''''''''''''''''44 #df ( conduct+ a meet+ ( delegates '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' #dg ( conduction a meet+ to organize a society ''''''''''''''''''''' #dh ( conduct+ an ord9>y meet+ ( a society ''''''''''''''''''4 #dh;b ,incid5tal que/ions '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''4 #h ,indef9ite po/ponem5t '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''4 #bd1 #ei;b ,in=mal consid]ation ( a "q ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''44 #cc ,introduction ( ,bus9ess ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' #a-e1 #ed ,j\rnal1 or m9utes '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''' #da1 #ea ,legal ,rights4 ,see ,assembly & ,ecclesia/ical ,tribunals4 ,lie on ! table1 motion to ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''4 #ai1 #eg;b1 #ei;c ,ma9 "q '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''44 #f ,majority4 ,see ,two-?irds & ,quorum4 ,meet+1 di/9ction betwe5 x & session ''''''''''''''''''''' #db1 #gj ,see also ,introduction1 page #ae4 h[ to conduct4 ,see ,=ms4 ,memb]s n to be pres5t dur+ a debate or vote conc]n+ !mselves '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''' #cf trial (1 p4 #afj4 ,m9ority ,report4 ,see ,committees4 ,m9utes1 =m & cont5ts ( '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''44 #da1 #ea ,mod]ator4 ,see ,*airman4 ,modification ( a motion by ! mov] ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''44 #e ,motions1 li/ (4 ,= details1 see ea* motion 9 ! ,index4 ,adj\rn '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''' #aa1 #fc;b ,adj\rn1 ,fix ! "t to :i* to '''''''''''''''''''''''''''4 #aj1 #fc;a ,am5d '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''44 #bc1 #ef;a ,adopt a report 7same z accept or agree to7 '''''''''''''''''' #ca1 #df;c ,appeal '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''4 #ad1 #fa;e ,blanks1 fill+ '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''' #be ,call to ord] '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''' #ad1 #fa;d ,close debate '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''44 #cg1 #eh ,commit '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''4 #bb1 #ef;b ,consid]ation ( a "q1 objection to ''''''''''''''''''4 #ae1 #ei;a ,divide ! "q ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' #d1 #bc1 #ef;a ,ext5d ! limits ( debate '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''44 #cd1 #fe ,fix ! "t to :i* to adj\rn '''''''''''''''''''''''''''44 #aj1 #fc;a ,incid5tal motions or que/ions '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' #h ,indef9itely po/pone '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''4 #bd1 #ei;b ,in=mal consid]ation ( a "q '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' #cc ,leave to cont9ue spee* :5 guilty ( indecorum '''''''''''''''44 #cf ,leave to )draw a motion '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''44 #ag1 #fb;b ,lie on ! table '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''4 #ai1 #eg;b1 #ei;c ,limit ,debate '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''4 #cg1 #eh;b ,ma9 motions or que/ions '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '' #f ,objection to ! consid]ation ( a "q '''''''''''''''44 #ae1 #ei;a ,ord]1 que/ions ( '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '' #ad1 #fa;d ,ord]s ( ! day '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''44 #ac1 #fa;a ,ord]s1 special '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''44 #fa;b ,po/pone to a c]ta9 day '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' #ba1 #eg;a ,po/pone indef9itely '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''4 #bd1 #ei;b ,previ\s "q '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''44 #bj1 #eh;a ,pr9cipal motions or que/ions ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''4 #f ,priority ( ,bus9ess1 que/ions relat+ to '''''''''''''''''''''44 #ce ,privileg$ motions or que/ions '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' #i ,privilege1 que/ions ( ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''44 #ab1 #fb;c ,read+ pap]s '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''' #af1 #fb ,reception ( a report see ,committees '''''''''''''''''''''44 #cj1 #df;c ,recommit same z ,commit ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''4 #bb1 #ef ,reconsid] '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''4 #bg1 #fj ,ref] same z ,commit ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' #bb1 #ef;b ,r5ewal ( a motion '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''4 #bf1 #fj ,rise 9 committee1 equals adj\rn ''''''''''''''''''''''''''' #aa1 #cb ,%all ! "q be consid]$8 or discuss$ ''''''''''''4 #ae1 #ei;a ,special ,ord]1 to make a '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''4 4 #fa;b ,/rike out see ,am5dm5t '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''44 #bc1 #ef;a ,subsidi>y motions or que/ions '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' #g ,sub/itute 7same z ,am5dm5t1 :i* see7 ''''''''''''''''''44 #bc1 #ef;a ,susp5sion ( ! ,rules ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''44 #ah1 #fa;c ,take f ! table see ,lie on ! table ''''''''''''''''''4 #ai1 #eg;b ,take up a "q out ( its prop] ord] ''''''''''''''''''44 #dd1 #gb ,)drawal ( a motion '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''4 #ag1 #fb ,motions1 tabul> view ( rules relat+ to1 page #aff4 classifi$ accord+ to _! object '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' #ee classifi$ into ,privileg$1 ,incid5tal1 ,subsidi>y1 etc4 ''''''''' #f-i ord] ( prec$5ce ( see ea* motion1 #aj-bg '''''''''''''''4 #fd h[ to be made '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '' #a1 #b1 #df1 #ed a second requir$ 7) c]ta9 exceptions7 ''''''''''''''''''44 #c1 #fg to be /at$ by *airman be=e be+ discuss$ '''''''''''''''4 #c1 #ed :5 to be 9 writ+ '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '' #d1 #ed h[ to be divid$ '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''44 #d h[ to be modifi$ by ! mov] '''''''''''''''''''''''''''44 #c1 #e1 #ag h[ to be /at$ & put to ! "q '''''''''''''''''''''4 #ch1 #fg t _c be am5d$ ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' #bc1 #ef;a t _c be debat$ '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''4 #ce1 #ff t op5 ma9 "q to debate ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' #ce t require two-?irds vote = _! adoption ''''''''''''''' #ci1 #fh ,nom9ations1 h[ treat$ ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' #be1 #df;a ,numb]s ( p>agraphs to be correct$ by cl]k )\t a vote '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''' #bc ,objection to ! consid]ation 7discussion or introduction ( a "q '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''' #ae1 #ei;a ,(fic]s ( an assembly4 ,see ,*airman1 ,cl]k1 ,treasur] & ,vice-,presid5ts4 ,ord]1 que/ions ( & a call to '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' #ad1 #fa;d ( bus9ess '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''' #dd1 #gb ( ! day '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''' #ac1 #fa;a di/9ction betwe51 & rules ( ! assembly 7note7 '''''''''4 #fa;a special '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''4 #fa;b ( prec$5ce ( motions4 ,see ,prec$5ce4 ,organization ( an occasional or mass meet+ '''''''''''''''''''''4 #df;a ( a conv5tion or assembly ( delegates ''''''''''''''''''''''''44 #dg ( a p]man5t society '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''44 #dh ,pap]s & docum5ts1 read+ ( ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''44 #af1 #fb 9 cu/ody ( cl]k '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''4 #da1 #ea ,p>liam5t>y ,law1 its orig91 etc41 7,introduction4 p4 #i47 ,plan ( ! ,manual1 7,introduction1 page #ab47 ( ,"p ,i1 ,rules ( ,ord]1 7,introduction1 page #ac47 ( ,"p ,,ii1 ,organization & ,conduct ( ,bus9ess1 7,introduction1 page #ad47 ,po/pone to a c]ta9 "t ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''4 #ba1 #eg;a indef9itely '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''4 #bd1 #ei;b ,preamble1 consid]$ aft] ! re/ ( a pap] '''''''''''''''''''''4 #dd ,prec$5ce ( motions see ea* motion1 #aj-bg ''''''''''''''''''4 #fd mean+ (1 7,introduction1 page #ad47 ,presid+ ,(fic]4 ,see ,*airman4 ,previ\s ,"q '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''4 #bj1 #eh;a ,pr9cipal 7or ma97 "q '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''4 4 #f ,priority ( ,bus9ess1 que/ions relat+ to are undebatable ''''''''' #ce ,privilege1 que/ions ( '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''4 #ab1 #fb;c ,privileg$ que/ions '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''4 #i ,putt+ ! "q1 =m ( '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''44 #ch1 #fg ,que/ions4 ,see ,=ms1 ,motions1 ,privilege & ,ord]4 ,quorum1 :5 !re is no rule1 consi/s ( a majority ''''''''''''''' #dc committees & bo>ds _c decide ^u ''''''''''''''''''''''''44 #dc ,read+ ( ,pap]s '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''44 #af1 #fb ,reception ( a report4 ,see ,committees4 ,re-commit 7same z ,commit7 ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''4 #bb1 #ef;b ,reconsid] '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''' #bg1 #fj ,record1 or m9utes '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''4 #da1 #ea ,record+ (fic]4 ,see ,cl]k4 ,ref] same z ,commit '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''4 4 #bb1 #ef;b ,r5ewal ( a motion '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''' #bf1 #fj ,reports ( committees4 ,see ,committees4 ,rights ( assemblies4 ,see ,assembly4 ( ecclesia/ical tribunals1 p4 #aei4 ,rise1 motion to1 9 committee1 equals adj\rn ''''''''''''''''''4 #aa1 #cb ,rules ( debate4 ,see ,debate4 ( ,ord]1 am5dm5t ( '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''4 #de1 #gc ( ,ord]1 :at !y %\ld conta9 ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''44 #di /&+1 :at !y %\ld conta9 ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''44 #di susp5sion ( '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''' #ah1 #fa;c relat+ to motions1 tabul> view ( p4 #aff4 ,second+1 motions t d n require ''''''''''''''''''''''''''' #c1 #fg ,secret>y4 ,see ,cl]k4 ,session ,see also ,meet+ ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''44 #db1 #gj ,%all ! "q be consid]$ 7or discuss$7 '''''''''''''''4 #ae1 #ei;a ,speak+1 rules (1 ,see ,debate4 ,special ,ord] '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''' #fa;b ,/&+ ,rules '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''' #di ,/at+ a "q1 =m ( ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''4 #ch1 #fg ,/rike out 7see ,am5dm5t7 ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''4 #bc1 #ef;a ,subsidi>y motions or que/ions ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''44 #g ,sub/itute 7see ,am5dm5t7 ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''4 #bc1 #ef;a ,sum1 l>ge/1 fir/ put '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''' #be ,susp5sion ( ! rules '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''4 #ah1 #fa;c ,table ( ,rules relat+ to motions1 p4 #aff4 ,take f ! table1 motion to ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' #ai1 #eg;b ,"t1 longe/1 fir/ put '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''44 #be ,treasur]1 duties ( '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''' #eb ,trial ( ,memb]s1 p4 #afj4 ,two-?irds vote1 motions requir+ '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' #ci1 #fh ,undebatable ,que/ions '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''4 #ce1 #ff ,unf9i%$ bus9ess1 effect ( adj\rnm5t ^u '''''''''''''''44 #aa1 #fi its place 9 ! ord] ( bus9ess '''''''''''''''''''''''''''4 #dd1 #gb ,vice-,presid5ts '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''4 #df;d ,vote1 =m ( ann\nc+ see also ,=ms '''''''''''''''''''''44 #ch1 #ed motions requir+ m ?an a majority '''''''''''''''''''''''' #ci1 #fh *ange (1 p]mitt$ be=e result is ann\nc$ ''''''''''''''''''4 #ch ,vot+1 v>i\s me?ods ( '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '' #ch ,)drawal ( a motion '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '' #ag1 #fb ,yeas & ,nays1 vot+ by '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''44 #ch ,yields1 mean+ (1 7,introduction1 page #ad47