,a ,,treatise ,,on ,,p>5ts ,,& ,,*ildr5 
,by ,b]n>d ,%aw    ,,cont5ts            
,p>5ts & ,*ildr5      ,trail+ ,cl\ds (  
,glory      ,! ,*ild is ,fa!r to ! ,man 
,:at is a ,*ild8      ,! ,s9 ( ,nadab & 
,abihu      ,! ,manufacture ( ,mon/]s   
,small & ,l>ge ,families      ,*ildr5 z 
,nuisances      ,*ild ,fanci]s          
,*ildhood z a ,/ate ( ,s9      ,s*ool   
,my ,s*ola/ic ,acquirem5ts              
,s*oolma/]s ( ,g5ius      ,:at ,we ,d ,n
 ,tea*1 & ,:y      ,taboo 9 ,s*ools     
,alleg$ ,novelties 9 ,mod]n ,s*ools     
,:at is to be ,done8      ,*ildr5's     
,rights & ,duties      ,%\ld ,*ildr5    
,e>n _! ,liv+8      ,*ildr5's ,happ9ess 
,! ,horror ( ! ,p]petual ,holiday       
,univ]sity ,s*oolboyi%ness      ,! ,new 
,laz9ess      ,! ,inf9ite ,s*ool ,task  
,! ,rew>ds & ,risks ( ,k      ,engli%   
,physical ,h>dihood & ,spiritual        
,c[>dice      ,! ,risks ( ,ignorance &  
,weakness      ,! ,common ,s5se (       
,tol]ation      ,! ,s9 ( ,a?anasius     
,! ,exp]im5t ,exp]im5t+      ,:y ,we    

,loa! ,le>n+ & ,love ,sport             
,anti*ri/      ,"u ! ,:ip      ,te*nical
 ,in/ruction      ,docility & ,dep5d5ce 
,! ,abuse ( ,docility      ,! ,s*oolboy 
& ! ,homeboy      ,! ,com+s ( ,age (    
,*ildr5      ,! ,conflict ( ,wills      
,! ,demagogue's ,opportunity      ,our  
,qu>relsom5ess      ,we ,mu/ ,re=m      
,society be=e we c ,re=m ,ourselves     
,! ,pursuit ( ,mann]s      ,n too mu*   
,w9d on ! ,hea?1 ,bro!r      ,want$3  a 
,*ild's ,magna ,*>ta      ,! ,pursuit ( 
,le>n+      ,*ildr5 & ,game3  a         
,proposal      ,! ,p>5ts' ,intol]able   
,burd5      ,mobilization      ,*ildr5's
 ,rights & ,p>5ts' ,wrongs      ,h[     
,little ,we ,"k ,ab\t ,our ,p>5ts       
,our ,ab&on$ ,mo!rs      ,family        
,affection      ,! ,fate ( ! ,family    
,family ,m\rn+      ,art ,tea*+      ,! 
,impossibility ( ,secul> ,education     
,natural ,selection z a ,religion       
,moral ,in/ruction ,leagues      ,!     
,bible      ,arti/ ,idolatry      ,!    
,ma*9e      ,! ,provocation to ,an>*ism 

,imag9ation      ,gov]nm5t by ,bullies  
,,p>5ts ,,& ,,*ildr5    ,trail+ ,cl\ds (
 ,glory  ,*ildhood is a /age 9 ! process
 ( t cont9ual remanufacture ( ! ,life   
,/uff by :i* ! human race is p]petuat$4 
,! ,life ,=ce ei!r w n or _c a*ieve     
immortality except 9 v l[ organisms3    
inde$ x is by no means asc]ta9$ t ev5 ! 
amoeba is immortal4 ,human be+s visibly 
we> out1 ?\gh !y la/ long] ?an _! fri5ds
 ! dogs4 ,turtles1 p>rots1 & elephants  
are believ$ to be capable ( outliv+ !   
memory ( ! olde/ human inhabitant4 ,b ! 
fact t new ones are born conclusively   
proves t !y are n immortal4 ,d away )   
dea? & y d away ) ! ne$ = bir?3 9 fact  
if y w5t on bre$+1 y w\ld f9ally h to   
kill old p to make room = "y ones4  ,n[ 
dea? is n necess>ily a failure ( en]gy  
on ! "p ( ! ,life ,=ce4 ,p ) no         
imag9ation try to make ?+s :i* w la/ =  
ev]1 & ev5 want to live = ev] !mselves4 
,b ! intellig5tly imag9ative man kn[s v 
well t x is wa/e ( labor to make a ma*9e
 t w la/ t5 ye>s1 because x w probably  

be sup]s$$ 9 half t "t by an improv$    
ma*9e answ]+ ! same purpose4 ,he also   
kn[s t if "s devil 7 to conv9ce u t our 
dream ( p]sonal immortality is no dream 
b a h>d fact1 su* a %riek ( despair w\ld
 g up f ! human race z no o!r           
conceivable horror c\ld provoke4 ,) all 
our p]v]se nons5se z to ,john ,smi? liv+
 = a ?\s& million eons & = ev] aft]1 we 
die volunt>ily1 kn[+ t x is "t = u to be
 scrapp$1 to be remanufactur$1 to come  
back1 z ,wordswor? div9$1 trail+ ev]    
bright5+ cl\ds ( glory4 ,we mu/ all be  
born aga91 & yet aga9 & aga94 ,we %\ld l
 to live a little long] j z we %\ld l   
#ej p\nds3 t is1 we %\ld take x if we   
c\ld get x = no?+2 b t sort ( idle lik+ 
is n w4 ,x is amaz+--consid]+ ! way we  
talk--h[ little a man w d to get #ej    
p\nds3 all ! #ej-p\nd notes ,i h ev]    
kn[n ( h be5 m easily e>n$ ?an a        
labori\s sixp5ce2 b ! difficulty (      
induc+ a man to make any s]i\s ef=t to  
obta9 #ej p\nds is no?+ to ! difficulty 
( induc+ him to make a s]i\s ef=t to    

keep alive4 ,! mom5t he sees dea?       
approa*1 he gets into b$ & s5ds = a     
doctor4 ,he kn[s v well at ! back ( 8   
consci5ce t he is r a poor job & _h     
bett] be remanufactur$4 ,he kn[s t 8    
dea? w make room = a bir?2 & he hopes t 
x w be a bir? ( some?+ t he aspir$ to be
 & fell %ort (4 ,he kn[s t x is ?r\gh   
dea? & rebir? t ?is corruptible %all    
become incorruptible1 & ?is mortal put  
on immortality4 ,practise z y w on 8    
ignorance1 8 fe>s1 & 8 imag9ation1 )    
bribes ( p>adises & ?reats ( hells1 !re 
is only "o belief t c rob dea? ( its /+ 
& ! grave ( its victory2 & t is ! belief
 t we c lay d[n ! burd5 ( our wret*$    
little make%ift individualities = ev] at
 ea* lift t[>ds ! goal ( evolution1 :i* 
c only be a be+ t _c be improv$ ^u4     
,aft] all1 :at man is capable ( ! insane
 self-conceit ( believ+ t an et]nity (  
himself w\ld be tol]able ev5 to himself8
 ,^? :o try to believe x po/ulate t !y  
%all be made p]fect fir/4 ,b if y make  
me p]fect ,i %all no long] be myself1   

nor w x be possible = me to conceive my 
pres5t imp]fections 7& :at ,i _c        
conceive ,i _c rememb]72 s t y may j z  
well give me a new "n & face ! fact t ,i
 am a new p]son & t ! old ,b]n>d ,%aw is
 z dead z mutton4 ,?us1 oddly en\gh1 !  
conv5tional belief 9 ! matt] comes to   
?is3 t if y wi% to live = ev] y mu/ be  
wick$ en\gh to be irretrievably damn$1  
s9ce ! sav$ are no long] :at !y 71 & 9  
hell alone d p reta9 _! s9ful nature3 t 
is to say1 _! individuality4 ,& ?is sort
 ( hell1 h[ev] conv5i5t z a means (     
intimidat+ p]sons :o h practically no   
honor & no consci5ce1 is n a fact4 ,dea?
 is = _m ( u ! gate ( hell2 b we are    
inside on ! way out1 n outside on ! way 
94 ,!re=e let u give up tell+ "o ano!r  
idle /ories1 & rejoice 9 dea? z we      
rejoice 9 bir?2 = )\t dea? we _c be born
 aga92 & ! man :o does n wi% to be born 
aga9 & born bett] is fit only to        
repres5t ! ,city ( ,london 9 ,p>liam5t1 
or p]haps ! univ]sity ( ,ox=d4     ,!   
,*ild is ,fa!r to ! ,man  ,is he8 ,!n 9 

! "n ( common s5se :y d we always treat 
*ildr5 on ! assumption t ! man is fa!r  
to ! *ild8 ,oh1 ^! fa!rs6 ,& we are n   
cont5t ) fa!rs3 we mu/ h godfa!rs1      
=gett+ t ! *ild is godfa!r to ! man4    
,has x ev] /ruck y z curi\s t 9 a c\ntry
 :]e ! fir/ article ( belief is t e *ild
 is born ) a godfa!r :om we all call our
 fa!r :i* art 9 heav51 two v limit$     
individual mortals %\ld be all[$ to     
appe> at its baptism & expla9 t !y are  
its godp>5ts1 & t !y w look aft] its    
salvation until x is no long] a *ild4 ,i
 _h a godmo!r :o made h]self responsible
 9 ?is way = me4 ,%e pres5t$ me ) a     
,bible ) a gilt clasp & edges1 l>g] ?an 
! ,bibles simil>ly pres5t$ to my si/]s1 
because my sex entitl$ me to a heavi]   
article4 ,i mu/ h se5 t lady at lea/ f\r
 times 9 ! tw5ty ye>s foll[+4 ,%e nev]  
allud$ to my salvation 9 any way4 ,p    
occasionally ask me to act z godfa!r to 
_! *ildr5 ) a levity :i* conv9ces me t  
!y h n ! fa9te/ notion t x involves     
any?+ m ?an call+ ! helpless *ild       

,george ,b]n>d )\t reg>d to !           
possibility t x may gr[ up 9 ! livelie/ 
abhorr5ce ( my notions4  ,a p]son ) a   
turn = logic might argue t if ,god is ! 
,fa!r ( all m51 & if ! *ild is fa!r to !
 man1 x foll[s t ! true repres5tative ( 
,god at ! *ri/5+ is ! *ild itself4 ,b   
su* pos]s are unpopul>1 because !y imply
 t our little cu/oms1 or1 z we (t5 call 
!m1 our religion1 mean some?+1 or mu/   
orig9ally h meant some?+1 & t we und]/& 
& believe t some?+4  ,h[ev]1 my bus9ess 
is n to make confusion worse conf\nd$1 b
 to cle> x up4 ,only1 x is z well to    
beg9 by a sample ( curr5t ?\ght &       
practice :i* %ews t on ! subject (      
*ildr5 we are v deeply confus$4 ,on !   
:ole1 :atev] our !ory or no !ory may be1
 our practice is to treat ! *ild z !    
prop]ty ( its imm$iate physical p>5ts1 &
 to all[ !m to d :at !y l ) x z f> z x w
 let !m4 ,x has no rights & no lib]ties3
 9 %ort1 its condition is t :i* adults  
recognize z ! mo/ mis]able & dang]\s    
politically possible = !mselves3 namely1

 ! condition ( slav]y4 ,= its           
alleviation we tru/ to ! natural        
affection ( ! p>ties1 & to public       
op9ion4 ,a fa!r _c = 8 own cr$it let 8  
son g 9 rags4 ,also1 9 a v l>ge section 
( ! population1 p>5ts f9ally become     
dep5d5t on _! *ildr54 ,?us !re are *ecks
 on *ild slav]y :i* d n exi/1 or are    
less p[]ful1 9 ! case ( manual &        
indu/rial slav]y4 ,s5sationally bad     
cases fall into two classes1 :i* are    
really ! same class3 namely1 ! *ildr5 ^:
 p>5ts are excessively addict$ to !     
s5sual luxury ( pett+ *ildr51 & ! *ildr5
 ^: p>5ts are excessively addict$ to !  
s5sual luxury ( physically tortur+ !m4  
,!re is a ,society = ! ,prev5tion (     
,cruelty to ,*ildr5 :i* has effectually 
made an end ( our belief t mo!rs are any
 m to be tru/$ ?an /epmo!rs1 or fa!rs   
?an slave-driv]s4 ,& !re is a gr[+ body 
( law design$ to prev5t p>5ts f us+ _!  
*ildr5 ru?lessly to make money = !      
h\sehold4 ,su* legislation has always   
be5 furi\sly resi/$ by ! p>5ts1 ev5 :5 !

 horrors ( factory slav]y 7 at _! wor/2 
& ! ext5sion ( su* legislation at pres5t
 w\ld be impossible if x 7 n t ! p>5ts  
affect$ by x _c control a majority (    
votes 9 ,p>liam5t4 ,9 dome/ic life a    
great deal ( s]vice is done by *ildr51 !
 girls act+ z nursemaids & g5]al        
s]vants1 & ! lads z err& boys4 ,9 !     
c\ntry bo? boys & girls d a sub/antial  
%>e ( f>m labor4 ,?is is :y x is        
necess>y to co]ce poor p>5ts to s5d _!  
*ildr5 to s*ool1 ?\gh 9 ! relatively    
small class :i* keeps pl5ty ( s]vants x 
is impossible to induce p>5ts to keep _!
 *ildr5 at home in/ead ( pay+ s*oolma/]s
 to take !m (f _! h&s4  ,x appe>s !n t !
 bond ( affection betwe5 p>5ts & *ildr5 
does n save *ildr5 f ! slav]y t d5ial ( 
rights involves 9 adult political       
relations4 ,x sometimes int5sifies x1   
sometimes mitigates x2 b on ! :ole      
*ildr5 & p>5ts confront "o ano!r z two  
classes 9 :i* all ! political p[] is on 
"o side2 & ! results are n at all unlike
 :at !y w\ld be if !re 7 no imm$iate    

consangu9ity betwe5 !m1 & "o 7 :ite & ! 
o!r black1 or "o enfran*is$ & ! o!r     
dis5fran*is$1 or "o rank$ z g5tle & !   
o!r simple4 ,n t ,nature c\nts = no?+ 9 
! case & political rights = ev]y?+4 ,b a
 d5ial ( political rights1 & ! resultant
 deliv]y ( "o class into ! ma/]y (      
ano!r1 affects _! relations s ext5sively
 & pr(\ndly t x is impossible to asc]ta9
 :at ! real natural relations ( ! two   
classes are until ?is political relation
 is aboli%$4     ,:at is a ,*ild8  ,an  
exp]im5t4 ,a fre% attempt to produce ! j
 man made p]fect3 t is1 to make humanity
 div9e4 ,& y w vitiate ! exp]im5t if y  
make ! slighte/ attempt to abort x into 
"s fancy figure ( y\r own3 = example1   
y\r notion ( a good man or a womanly    
woman4 ,if y treat x z a little wild    
bea/ to be tam$1 or z a pet to be play$ 
)1 or ev5 z a means to save y tr\ble &  
to make money = y 7& ^! are our commone/
 ways71 x may fight its way ?r\gh 9     
spite ( y & save its s\l alive2 = all   
its in/9cts w resi/ y1 & possibly be    

/r5g!n$ 9 ! resi/ance2 b if y beg9 ) its
 own holie/ aspirations1 & suborn !m =  
y\r own purposes1 !n !re is h>dly any   
limit to ! mis*ief y may d4 ,swe> at a  
*ild1 ?r[ y\r boots at x1 s5d x fly+ f !
 room ) a cuff or a kick2 & ! exp]i5ce w
 be z in/ructive to ! *ild z a          
difficulty ) a %ort-temp]$ dog or a     
bull4 ,francis ,place tells u t 8 fa!r  
always /ruck 8 *ildr5 :5 he f\nd "o )9 8
 rea*4 ,! effect on ! "y ,places seems  
to h be5 simply to make !m keep out ( _!
 fa!r's way1 :i* 0 no d\bt :at he       
desir$1 z f> z he desir$ any?+ at all4  
,francis records ! habit )\t bitt]ness1 
hav+ reason to ?ank 8 />s t 8 fa!r      
respect$ ! inside ( 8 head :il/ cuff+ ! 
outside ( x2 & ?is made x easy =        
,francis to d yeoman's s]vice to 8      
c\ntry z t r>e & admirable ?+1 a        
,free?9k]3 ! only sort ( ?9k]1 ,i may   
rem>k1 ^: ?\ghts1 & consequ5tly ^:      
religi\s convictions1 comm& any respect4
  ,n[ ,mr ,place1 s5ior1 w\ld be        
describ$ by _m z a bad fa!r2 & ,i d n   

cont5d t he 0 a conspicu\sly good "o4 ,b
 z comp>$ ) ! conv5tional good fa!r :o  
delib]ately imposes himself on 8 son z a
 god2 :o takes advantage ( *ildi%       
cr$ulity & p>5t wor%ip to p]suade 8 son 
t :at he approves ( is "r & :at he      
disapproves ( is wrong2 :o imposes a    
correspond+ conduct on ! *ild by a sy/em
 ( prohibitions & p5alties1 rew>ds &    
eulogies1 = :i* he claims div9e         
sanction3 comp>$ to ?is sort (          
abortioni/ & mon/] mak]1 ,i say1 ,place 
appe>s almo/ z a ,provid5ce4 ,n t x is  
possible to live ) *ildr5 any m ?an )   
gr[n-up p )\t impos+ rules ( conduct on 
!m4 ,!re is a po9t at :i* e p]son )     
human n]ves has to say to a *ild ,/op t 
noise4 ,b suppose ! *ild asks :y6 ,!re  
are v>i\s answ]s 9 use4 ,! simple/3     
,because x irritates me1 may fail2 = x  
may /rike ! *ild z be+ r amus+ to       
irritate y2 also ! *ild1 hav+           
comp>atively no n]ves1 may be unable to 
conceive y\r mean+ vividly en\gh4 ,9 any
 case x may want to make a noise m ?an  

to sp>e y\r feel+s4 ,y may !re=e h to   
expla9 t ! effect ( ! irritation w be t 
y w d some?+ unpleasant if ! noise      
cont9ues4 ,! some?+ unpleasant may be   
only a look ( suff]+ to r\se ! *ild's   
affectionate sympa?y 7if x has any71 or 
x may run to =cible expulsion f ! room )
 pl5ty ( unnecess>y viol5ce2 b !        
pr9ciple is ! same3 !re are no false    
pret5ces involv$3 ! *ild le>ns 9 a      
/raight=w>d way t x does n pay to be    
inconsid]ate4 ,also1 p]haps1 t ,mamma1  
:o made ! *ild le>n ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt1
 is n really a ,*ri/ian4     ,! ,s9 (   
,nadab & ,abihu  ,b !re is ano!r sort ( 
answ] 9 wide use :i* is nei!r           
/raight=w>d1 in/ructive1 nor h>mless4 ,9
 its simple/ =m x sub/itutes = ,/op t   
noise1 ,dont be naughty1 :i* means t !  
*ild1 in/ead ( annoy+ y by a p]fectly   
heal?y & natural infantile proc$ure1 is 
(f5d+ ,god4 ,?is is a blasphem\s lie2 & 
! fact t x is on ! lips ( e nurs]ymaid  
does n excuse x 9 ! lea/4 ,dick5s tells 
u ( a nurs]ymaid :o elaborat$ x into ,if

 y d t1 angels wont nev] love y4 ,i     
rememb] a s]vant :o us$ to tell me t if 
,i 7 n good1 by :i* %e meant if ,i did n
 behave ) a s+le eye to h] p]sonal      
conv5i5ce1 ! cock w\ld come d[n !       
*imney4 ,less imag9ative b equally      
di%one/ p told me ,i %\ld g to hell if  
,i did n make myself agreeable to !m4   
,bodily viol5ce1 provid$ x be ! ha/y    
expression ( normal provok$ res5tm5t & n
 vici\s cruelty1 _c h>m a *ild z ?is    
sort ( pi\s fraud h>ms x4 ,!re is a     
legal limit to physical cruelty2 & !re  
are also human limits to x4 ,!re is an  
active ,society :i* br+s to book a good 
_m p>5ts :o />ve & torture & ov]work _! 
*ildr51 & intimidates a good _m m4 ,:5  
p>5ts ( ?is type are caught1 !y are     
treat$ z crim9als2 & n infrequ5tly !    
police h "s tr\ble to save !m f be+     
lyn*$4 ,! p aga9/ :om *ildr5 are :olly  
unprotect$ are ^? :o devote !mselves to 
! v mis*iev\s & cruel sort ( abortion   
:i* is call$ br++ up a *ild 9 ! way x   
%\ld g4 ,n[ nobody kn[s ! way a *ild    

%\ld g4 ,all ! ways discov]$ s f> lead  
to ! horrors ( our exi/+ civilizations1 
describ$ q ju/ifiably by ,rusk9 z heaps 
( agoniz+ human maggots1 /ruggl+ ) "o   
ano!r = scraps ( food4 ,pi\s fraud is an
 attempt to p]v]t t preci\s & sacr$ ?+ !
 *ild's consci5ce into an in/rum5t ( our
 own conv5i5ce1 & to use t wond]ful &   
t]rible p[] call$ ,%ame to gr9d our own 
axe4 ,x is ! s9 ( /eal+ fire f ! alt>3 a
 s9 s impud5tly practis$ by popes1      
p>5ts1 & p$agogues1 t "o c h>dly expect 
! nurs]ymaids to see any h>m 9 /eal+ a  
few c9d]s :5 !y are worrit$4  ,into !   
blacke/ dep?s ( ?is violation ( *ildr5's
 s\ls "o c h>dly be> to look2 = "h we   
f9d pi\s fraud mask+ ! violation ( !    
body by obsc5e cruelty4 ,any p>5t or    
s*ool tea*] :o takes a secret &         
abom9able delight 9 torture is all[$ to 
lay traps into :i* e *ild mu/ fall1 & !n
 beat x to 8 or h] he>t's cont5t4 ,a    
g5tleman once wrote to me & said1 ) an  
obvi\s conviction t he 0 be+ mo/        
reasonable & high m9d$1 t ! only ?+ he  

beat 8 *ildr5 = 0 failure 9 p]fect      
ob$i5ce & p]fect tru?fulness4 ,on ^!    
attributes1 he said1 he mu/ insi/4 ,z "o
 ( !m is n a virtue at all1 & ! o!r is !
 attribute ( a god1 "o c imag9e :at !   
lives ( ?is g5tleman's *ildr5 w\ld h be5
 if x _h be5 possible = him to live d[n 
to 8 mon/r\s & fooli% pret5sions4 ,& yet
 he might h writt5 8 lett] to ,! ,times 
7he v ne>ly did1 by ! way7 )\t incurr+  
any dang] ( be+ remov$ to an asylum1 or 
ev5 los+ 8 reputation = tak+ a v prop]  
view ( 8 p>5tal duties4 ,& at lea/ x 0 n
 a trivial view1 nor an ill meant "o4 ,x
 0 mu* m respectable ?an ! g5]al        
cons5sus ( op9ion t if a s*ool tea*] c  
devise a "q a *ild _c answ]1 or ov]he> x
 call+ omega omeega1 he or %e may beat !
 *ild vici\sly4 ,only1 ! cruelty mu/ be 
:itewa%$ by a moral excuse1 & a pret5ce 
( reluctance4 ,x mu/ be = ! *ild's good4
 ,! assailant mu/ say ,?is hurts me m   
?an x hurts y4 ,!re mu/ be hypocrisy z  
well z cruelty4 ,! injury to ! *ild w\ld
 be f> less if ! voluptu>y said frankly 

,i beat y because ,i l beat+ y2 & ,i    
%all d x :5ev] ,i c contrive an excuse =
 x4 ,b to repres5t ?is dete/able lu/ to 
! *ild z ,div9e wra?1 & ! cruelty z !   
b5efic5t act ( ,god1 :i* is exactly :at 
all our flogg]s d1 is to add to !       
torture ( ! body1 out ( :i* ! flogg] at 
lea/ gets "s pleasure1 ! maim+ & bl9d+ (
 ! *ild's s\l1 :i* c br+ no?+ b horror  
to anyone4     ,! ,manufacture ( ,mon/]s
  ,?is indu/ry is by no means peculi> to
 ,*9a4 ,! ,*9ese 7!y say7 make physical 
mon/]s4 ,we revile !m = x & proce$ to   
make moral mon/]s ( our own *ildr54 ,!  
mo/ excusable p>5ts are ^? :o try to    
correct _! own faults 9 _! (fspr+4 ,!   
p>5t :o says to 8 *ild3 ,i am "o ( !    
successes ( ! ,almighty3 !re=e imitate  
me 9 e p>ticul> or ,i w h ! sk9 (f y\r  
back 7a q common attitude7 is a mu* m   
absurd figure ?an ! man :o1 ) a pipe 9 8
 m\?1 ?ra%es 8 boy = smok+4 ,if y mu/   
hold y\rself up to y\r *ildr5 z an      
object lesson 7:i* is n at all          
necess>y71 hold y\rself up z a w>n+ & n 

z an example4 ,b y _h mu* bett] let !   
*ild's "* alone4 ,if y once all[ y\rself
 to reg>d a *ild z s mu* mat]ial = y to 
manufacture into any %ape t happ5s to   
suit y\r fancy y are defeat+ ! exp]im5t 
( ! ,life ,=ce4 ,y are assum+ t ! *ild  
does n "k its own bus9ess1 & t y d4 ,9  
?is y are sure to be wrong3 ! *ild feels
 ! drive ( ! ,life ,=ce 7(t5 call$ ! ,w 
( ,god72 & y _c feel x = him4 ,h&el's   
p>5ts no d\bt ?\ght !y knew bett] ?an _!
 *ild :5 !y tri$ to prev5t 8 becom+ a   
musician4 ,!y w\ld h be5 equally wrong &
 equally unsuccessful if !y _h tri$ to  
prev5t ! *ild becom+ a great rascal _h  
its g5ius la9 9 t direction4 ,h&el w\ld 
h be5 ,h&el1 & ,napoleon & ,pet] (      
,russia !mselves 9 spite ( all ! p>5ts 9
 creation1 because1 z (t5 happ5s1 !y 7  
/rong] ?an _! p>5ts4 ,b ?is does n happ5
 always4 ,mo/ *ildr5 c be1 & _m are1    
hopelessly w>p$ & wa/$ by p>5ts :o are  
ignorant & silly en\gh to suppose t !y  
"k :at a human be+ ought to be1 & :o    
/ick at no?+ 9 _! det]m9ation to =ce _! 

*ildr5 into _! m\lds4 ,e *ild has a "r  
to its own b5t4 ,x has a "r to be a     
,plym\? ,bro!r ?\gh its p>5ts be conv9c$
 a!i/s4 ,x has a "r to dislike its "m or
 fa!r or si/] or bro!r or uncle or aunt 
if !y are antipa!tic to x4 ,x has a "r  
to f9d its own way & g its own way1 :e!r
 t way seems wise or fooli% to o!rs1    
exactly z an adult has4 ,x has a "r to  
privacy z to its own do+s & its own     
affairs z mu* z if x 7 its own fa!r4    
,small & ,l>ge ,families  ,^! rights h  
n[ become m important ?an !y us$ to be1 
because ! mod]n practice ( limit+       
families enables !m to be m effectually 
violat$4 ,9 a family ( t51 eight1 six1  
or ev5 f\r *ildr51 ! rights ( ! y\ng]   
ones to a great ext5t take c>e (        
!mselves & ( ! rights ( ! eld] ones too4
 ,two adult p>5ts1 9 spite ( a h\se to  
keep & an income to e>n1 c /ill int]f]e 
to a disa/r\s ext5t ) ! rights &        
lib]ties ( "o *ild4 ,b by ! "t a f\r?   
*ild has arriv$1 !y are n only outnumb]$
 two to "o1 b are gett+ tir$ ( !        

?ankless & mis*iev\s job ( br++ up _!   
*ildr5 9 ! way !y ?9k !y %\ld g4 ,! old 
obs]vation t memb]s ( l>ge families get 
on 9 ! _w holds good because 9 l>ge     
families x is impossible = ea* *ild to  
receive :at s*oolma/]s call individual  
att5tion4 ,! *ildr5 may receive a good  
deal ( individual att5tion f "o ano!r 9 
! %ape ( outspok5 reproa*1 ru?less      
ridicule1 & viol5t resi/ance to _!      
attempts at aggression2 b ! p>5tal      
despots are compell$ by ! multitude ( _!
 subjects to resort to political r ?an  
p]sonal rule1 & to spread _! attempts at
 moral mon/]-mak+ ov] s _m *ildr51 t ea*
 *ild has en\gh fre$om1 & en\gh sport 9 
! prophylactic process ( laugh+ at its  
eld]s beh9d _! backs1 to escape ) mu*   
less damage ?an ! s+le *ild4 ,9 a l>ge  
s*ool ! sy/em may be bad2 b ! p]sonal   
influ5ce ( ! head ma/] has to be ex]t$1 
:5 x is ex]t$ at all1 9 a public way1   
because he has little m p[] ( work+ on !
 affections ( ! individual s*ol> 9 !    
intimate way t1 = example1 ! "m ( a s+le

 *ild c1 ?an ! prime m9i/] has ( work+  
on ! affections ( any individual vot]4  
,*ildr5 z ,nuisances  ,exp]i5c$ p>5ts1  
:5 *ildr5's rights are prea*$ to !m1 v  
naturally ask :e!r *ildr5 are to be     
all[$ to d :at !y l4 ,! be/ reply is to 
ask :e!r adults are to be all[$ to d :at
 !y l4 ,! two cases are ! same4 ,! adult
 :o is na/y is n all[$ to d :at he      
likes3 nei!r c ! *ild :o likes to be    
na/y4 ,!re is no diff]5ce 9 pr9ciple    
betwe5 ! rights ( a *ild & ^? ( an      
adult3 ! diff]5ce 9 _! cases is "o (    
circum/ance4 ,an adult is n suppos$ to  
be puni%$ except by process ( law2 nor1 
:5 he is s puni%$1 is ! p]son :om he has
 injur$ all[$ to act z judge1 jury1 &   
execution]4 ,x is true t employ]s d act 
9 ?is way e day to _! workpeople2 b ?is 
is n a ju/ifi$ & int5d$ "p ( !          
situation3 x is an abuse ( ,capitalism  
:i* nobody def5ds 9 pr9ciple4 ,z betwe5 
*ild & p>5t or nurse x is n argu$ ab\t  
because x is inevitable4 ,y _c hold an  
imp>tial judicial inquiry e "t a *ild   

misbehaves itself4 ,to all[ ! *ild to   
misbehave )\t in/antly mak+ x           
unpleasantly consci\s ( ! fact w\ld be  
to spoil x4 ,! adult has !re=e to take  
action ( "s sort ) no?+ b 8 consci5ce to
 %ield ! *ild f inju/ice or unk9dness4  
,! action may be a torr5t ( scold+      
culm9at+ 9 a furi\s smack caus+ t]ror & 
pa91 or x may be a remon/rance caus+    
remorse1 or x may be a s>casm caus+ %ame
 & humiliation1 or x may be a s]mon     
caus+ ! *ild to believe t x is a little 
reprobate on ! road to hell4 ,! *ild has
 no def5ce 9 any case except ! k9dness &
 consci5ce ( ! adult2 & ! adult _h bett]
 n =get ?is2 = x involves a heavy       
responsibility4  ,& n[ comes our        
difficulty4 ,! responsibility1 be+ s    
heavy1 _c be dis*>g$ by p]sons ( feeble 
"* or intellig5ce4 ,& yet p ( high "* & 
intellig5ce _c be plagu$ ) ! c>e (      
*ildr54 ,a *ild is a re/less1 noisy     
little animal1 ) an insatiable appetite 
= k1 & consequ5tly a madd5+ p]si/5ce 9  
ask+ que/ions4 ,if ! *ild is to rema9 9 

! room ) a highly intellig5t & s5sitive 
adult1 x mu/ be told1 & if necess>y =c$1
 to sit /ill & n speak1 :i* is injuri\s 
to its heal?1 unnatural1 unju/1 & !re=e 
cruel & selfi% beyond tol]ation4        
,consequ5tly ! highly intellig5t &      
s5sitive adult h&s ! *ild ov] to a      
nurs]ymaid :o has no n]ves & c !re=e /& 
m noise1 b :o has also no scruples1 &   
may !re=e be v bad company = ! *ild4    
,"h we h come to ! c5tral fact ( ! "q3 a
 fact nobody av[s1 :i* is yet ! true    
explanation ( ! mon/r\s sy/em ( *ild    
imprisonm5t & torture :i* we disguise "u
 su* hypocrisies z education1 tra9+1    
=mation ( "* & ! re/ ( x4 ,?is fact is  
simply t a *ild is a nuisance to a      
gr[n-up p]son4 ,:at is m1 ! nuisance    
becomes m & m intol]able z ! gr[n-up    
p]son becomes m cultivat$1 m s5sitive1 &
 m deeply engag$ 9 ! highe/ me?ods (    
adult "w4 ,! *ild at play is noisy &    
ought to be noisy3 ,sir ,isaac ,newton  
at "w is quiet & ought to be quiet4 ,& !
 *ild %\ld sp5d mo/ ( its "t at play1   

:il/ ! adult %\ld sp5d mo/ ( 8 "t at "w4
 ,i am n n[ writ+ on behalf ( p]sons :o 
coddle !mselves into a ridicul\s        
condition ( n]v\s feebl5ess1 & at la/   
imag9e !mselves unable to "w "u         
conditions ( bu/le :i* to heal?y p are  
*e]ful & /imulat+4 ,i am sure t if p _h 
to *oose betwe5 liv+ :]e ! noise (      
*ildr5 nev] /opp$ & :]e x 0 nev] he>d1  
all ! goodnatur$ & s\nd p w\ld pref] !  
incessant noise to ! incessant sil5ce4  
,b t *oice is n ?ru/ ^u u by ! nature ( 
?+s4 ,!re is no reason :y *ildr5 &      
adults %\ld n see j z mu* ( "o ano!r z  
is good = !m1 no m & no less4 ,ev5 at   
pres5t y are n compell$ to *oose betwe5 
s5d+ y\r *ild to a bo>d+ s*ool 7:i*     
means gett+ rid ( x altoge!r on m or    
less hypocritical pret5ces7 & keep+ x   
cont9ually at home4 ,mo/ work+ folk     
today ei!r s5d _! *ildr5 to day s*ools  
or turn !m out ( doors4 ,?is solves !   
problem = ! p>5ts4 ,x does n solve x = !
 *ildr51 any m ?an ! te!r+ ( a goat 9 a 
field or ! *as+ ( an unlic5s$ dog into !

 /reets solves x = ! goat or ! dog2 b x 
%ews t 9 no class are p will+ to endure 
! society ( _! *ildr51 & consequ5tly t x
 is an error to believe t ! family      
provides *ildr5 ) edify+ adult society1 
or t ! family is a social unit4 ,!      
family is 9 t1 z 9 s _m o!r respects1 a 
humbug4 ,old p & "y p _c walk at ! same 
pace )\t di/ress & f9al loss ( heal? to 
"o ( ! p>ties4 ,:5 !y are sitt+ indoors 
!y _c endure ! same degrees ( temp]ature
 & ! same supplies ( fre% air4 ,ev5 if !
 ma9 factors ( noise1 re/lessness1 &    
inquisitiv5ess are left out ( acc\nt1   
*ildr5 c /& ) indiff]5ce sights1 s\nds1 
smells1 & disord]s t w\ld make an adult 
( fifty utt]ly mis]able2 :il/ on ! o!r  
h& su* adults f9d a tranquil happ9ess 9 
conditions :i* to *ildr5 mean           
unspeakable bor$om4 ,& s9ce our sy/em is
 nev]!less to pack !m all into ! same   
h\se & pret5d t !y are happy1 & t ?is   
p>ticul> sort ( happ9ess is ! f\ndation 
( virtue1 x is f\nd t 9 discuss+ family 
life we nev] speak ( actual adults or   

actual *ildr51 or ( realities ( any     
sort1 b always ( ideals su* z ,! ,home1 
a ,"m's ,influ5ce1 a ,fa!r's ,c>e1      
,filial ,piety1 ,duty1 ,affection1      
,family ,life1 etc4 etc41 :i* are no    
d\bt v com=t+ phrases1 b :i* beg ! "q ( 
:at a home & a "m's influ5ce & a fa!r's 
c>e & s =? really come to 9 practice4   
,h[ _m h\rs a week ( ! "t :5 8 *ildr5   
are out ( b$ does ! ord9>y bread-w9n+   
fa!r sp5d 9 ! company ( 8 *ildr5 or ev5 
9 ! same build+ ) !m8 ,! home may be a  
?ieves' kit*51 ! "m a procuress1 ! fa!r 
a viol5t drunk>d2 or ! "m & fa!r may be 
fa%ionable p :o see _! *ildr5 ?ree or   
f\r times a ye> dur+ ! holidays1 & !n n 
(t5] ?an !y c help1 liv+ mean:ile 9     
daily & intimate contact ) _! valets &  
lady's-maids1 ^: influ5ce & c>e are (t5 
dom9ant 9 ! h\sehold4 ,affection1 z     
di/+ui%$ f simple k9dl9ess1 may or may n
 exi/3 :5 x does x ei!r dep5ds on       
qualities 9 ! p>ties t w\ld produce x   
equally if !y 7 ( no k9 to "o ano!r1 or 
x is a m or less morbid survival ( !    

nurs+ passion2 = affection betwe5 adults
 7if !y are really adult 9 m9d & n m]ely
 gr[n-up *ildr57 & creatures s          
relatively selfi% & cruel z *ildr5      
necess>ily are )\t kn[+ x or mean+ x1 _c
 be call$ natural3 9 fact ! evid5ce %ews
 t x is easi] to love ! company ( a dog 
?an ( a commonplace *ild betwe5 ! ages (
 six & ! beg9n+s ( controll$ maturity2 =
 wom5 :o _c be> to be sep>at$ f _! pet  
dogs s5d _! *ildr5 to bo>d+ s*ools      
*e]fully4 ,!y may say & ev5 believe t 9 
all[+ _! *ildr5 to leave home !y are    
sacrific+ !mselves = _! *ildr5's good2 b
 !re are v few pet dogs :o w\ld n be !  
bett] = a mon? or two sp5t else:]e ?an 9
 a lady's lap or roa/+ on a draw+room   
he>?rug4 ,besides1 to allege t *ildr5   
are bett] cont9ually away f home is to  
give up ! :ole popul> s5tim5tal !ory ( !
 family2 yet ! dogs are kept & ! *ildr5 
are bani%$4     ,*ild ,fanci]s  ,!re is1
 h[ev]1 a good deal ( spuri\s family    
affection4 ,!re is ! clanni%ness t w    
make a doz5 bro!rs & si/]s :o qu>rel    

furi\sly among !mselves close up _!     
ranks & make common cause aga9/ a       
bro!r-9-law or a si/]-9-law4 ,& !re is a
 /rong s5se ( prop]ty 9 *ildr51 :i* (t5 
makes mo!rs & fa!rs bitt]ly jeal\s (    
all[+ anyone else to int]f]e ) _!       
*ildr51 :om !y may none ! less treat v  
badly4 ,& !re is an extremely dang]\s   
craze = *ildr5 :i* leads c]ta9 p to     
e/abli% orphanages & baby f>ms & s*ools1
 seiz+ any pretext = fill+ _! h\ses )   
*ildr5 exactly z "s ecc5tric old ladies 
& g5tlem5 fill !irs ) cats4 ,9 su*      
places ! *ildr5 are ! victims ( all !   
caprices ( dot+ affection & all !       
excesses ( lascivi\s cruelty4 ,yet ! p  
:o h ?is morbid craze seldom h any      
difficulty 9 f9d+ victims4 ,p>5ts &     
gu>dians are s worri$ by *ildr5 & s     
anxi\s to get rid ( !m t anyone :o is   
will+ to take !m (f _! h&s is welcom$ & 
:itewa%$4 ,! v p :o read ) indignation (
 ,sque]s & ,creakle 9 ! novels ( ,dick5s
 are q ready to h& ov] _! own *ildr5 to 
,sque]s & ,creakle1 & to pret5d t       

,sque]s & ,creakle are mon/]s ( ! pa/4  
,b read ! autobiography ( ,/anley !     
travell]1 or sit 9 ! company ( m5 talk+ 
ab\t _! s*ool-days1 & y w soon f9d t    
fiction1 :i* mu/1 if x is to be sold &  
read1 /op %ort ( be+ positively sick5+1 
d>e n tell ! :ole tru? ab\t ! p to :om  
*ildr5 are h&$ ov] on educational       
pretexts4 ,n v long ago a s*oolma/] 9   
,irel& 0 murd]$ by 8 boys2 & = reasons  
:i* 7 nev] made public x 0 at fir/      
decid$ n to prosecute ! murd]]s4 ,yet   
all ^! flogg+ s*oolma/]s & orphanage    
fi5ds & baby f>m]s are lov]s ( *ildr54  
,!y are really *ild fanci]s 7l bird     
fanci]s or dog fanci]s7 by irresi/ible  
natural pr$ilection1 nev] happy unless  
!y are surr\nd$ by _! victims1 & always 
c]ta9 to make _! liv+ by accept+ !      
cu/ody ( *ildr51 no matt] h[ _m         
alt]native occupations may be available4
 ,& be> 9 m9d t !y are only ! extreme   
in/ances ( :at is commonly call$ natural
 affection1 app>5tly because x is       
obvi\sly unnatural4  ,! really natural  

feel+ ( adults = *ildr5 9 ! long prosaic
 int]vals betwe5 ! mom5ts ( affectionate
 impulse is j t feel+ t leads !m to     
avoid _! c>e & con/ant company z a burd5
 beyond be>+1 & to pret5d t ! places !y 
s5d !m to are well conduct$1 b5eficial1 
& indisp5sable to ! success ( ! *ildr5 9
 aft] life4 ,! true cry ( ! k9d "m aft] 
h] little ros>y ( kisses is ,run away1  
d>l+4 ,x is nic] ?an ,hold y\r noise1 y 
"y devil2 or x w be ! worse = y2 b      
fundam5tally x means ! same ?+3 t if y  
compel an adult & a *ild to live 9 "o   
ano!r's company ei!r ! adult or ! *ild w
 be mis]able4 ,!re is no?+ :atev]       
unnatural or wrong or %ock+ 9 ?is fact2 
& !re is no h>m 9 x if only x be s5sibly
 fac$ & provid$ =4 ,! mis*ief t x does  
at pres5t is produc$ by our ef=ts to    
ignore x1 or to smo!r x "u a heap (     
s5tim5tal lies & false pret5ces4        
,*ildhood z a ,/ate ( ,s9  ,un=tunately 
all ?is nons5se t5ds to accumulate z we 
become m sympa!tic4 ,9 _m families x is 
/ill ! cu/om to treat *ildhood frankly z

 a /ate ( s91 & impud5tly proclaim !    
mon/r\s pr9ciple t little *ildr5 %\ld be
 se5 & n he>d1 & to en=ce a set ( prison
 rules design$ solely to make           
cohabitation ) *ildr5 z conv5i5t z      
possible = adults )\t ! smalle/ reg>d = 
! int]e/s1 ei!r remote or imm$iate1 ( ! 
*ildr54 ,?is sy/em t5ds to produce a    
t\gh1 r brutal1 /upid1 unscrupul\s      
class1 ) a fix$ idea t all enjoym5t     
consi/s 9 undetect$ s9n+2 & 9 c]ta9     
phases ( civilization p ( ?is k9d are   
apt to get ! upp] h& ( m amiable &      
consci5ti\s races & classes4 ,!y h !    
f]ocity ( a *a9$ dog1 & are pr\d ( x4 ,b
 ! end ( x is t !y are always 9 *a9s1   
ev5 at ! height ( _! milit>y or         
political success3 !y w9 ev]y?+ on      
condition t !y are afraid to enjoy x4   
,_! civilizations re/ on intimidation1  
:i* is s necess>y to !m t :5 !y _c f9d  
anybody brave en\gh to intimidate !m !y 
intimidate !mselves & live 9 a cont9ual 
moral & political panic4 ,9 ! end !y get
 f\nd out & bulli$4 ,b t is n ! po9t t  

conc]ns u "h1 :i* is1 t !y are 9 "s     
respects bett] br\ght up ?an ! *ildr5 ( 
s5tim5tal p :o are always anxi\s &      
mis]able ab\t _! duty to _! *ildr51 & :o
 end by nei!r mak+ _! *ildr5 happy nor  
hav+ a tol]able life = !mselves4 ,a     
selfi% tyrant y "k :]e to h1 & he 7or   
%e7 at lea/ does n confuse y\r          
affections2 b a consci5ti\s & k9dly     
m$dl] may lit]ally worry y out ( y\r    
s5ses4 ,x is =tunate t only v few p>5ts 
are capable ( do+ :at !y conceive _!    
duty cont9u\sly or ev5 at all1 & t /ill 
few] are t\gh en\gh to ride r\gh%od ov] 
_! *ildr5 at home4     ,s*ool  ,b please
 obs]ve ! limitation at home4 ,:at      
private amateur p>5tal ent]prise _c d   
may be done v effectively by organiz$   
pr(essional ent]prise 9 l>ge in/itutions
 e/abli%$ = ! purpose4 ,& x is to su*   
pr(essional ent]prise t p>5ts h& ov] _! 
*ildr5 :5 !y c af=d x4 ,!y s5d _! *ildr5
 to s*ool2 & !re is1 on ! :ole1 no?+ on 
e>? int5d$ = innoc5t p s horrible z a   
s*ool4 ,to beg9 )1 x is a prison4 ,b x  

is 9 "s respects m cruel ?an a prison4  
,9 a prison1 = in/ance1 y are n =c$ to  
read books writt5 by ! w>d]s & ! gov]nor
 7:o ( c\rse w\ld n be w>d]s & gov]nors 
if !y c\ld write readable books71 &     
beat5 or o!rwise torm5t$ if y _c rememb]
 _! utt]ly unmemorable cont5ts4 ,9 !    
prison y are n =c$ to sit li/5+ to      
turnkeys disc\rs+ )\t *>m or int]e/ on  
subjects t !y dont und]/& & dont c>e    
ab\t1 & are !re=e incapable ( mak+ y    
und]/& or c>e ab\t4 ,9 a prison !y may  
torture y\r body2 b !y d n torture y\r  
bra9s2 & !y protect y aga9/ viol5ce &   
outrage f y\r fell[ prison]s4 ,9 a s*ool
 y h none ( ^! advantages4 ,) ! _w's    
book%elves load$ ) fasc9at+ & inspir$   
books1 ! v manna s5t d[n f ,heav5 to fe$
 y\r s\ls1 y are =c$ to read a hide\s   
impo/ure call$ a s*ool book1 writt5 by a
 man :o _c write3 a book f :i* no human 
be+ c le>n any?+3 a book :i*1 ?\gh y may
 deciph] x1 y _c 9 any fruitful s5se    
read1 ?\gh ! en=c$ attempt w make y loa!
 ! sight ( a book all ! re/ ( y\r life4 

,) millions ( acres ( woods & valleys & 
hills & w9d & air & birds & /reams &    
fi%es & all sorts ( in/ructive & heal?y 
?+s easily accessible1 or ) /reets & %op
 w9d[s & cr[ds & vehicles & all sorts ( 
city delights at ! door1 y are =c$ to   
sit1 n 9 a room ) "s human grace & com=t
 or furniture & decoration1 b 9 a /all$ 
p\nd ) a lot ( o!r *ildr51 beat5 if y   
talk1 beat5 if y move1 beat5 if y _c    
prove by answ]+ idiotic que/ions t ev5  
:5 y escap$ f ! p\nd & f ! eye ( y\r    
gaol]1 y 7 /ill agoniz+ ov] 8 dete/able 
%am books in/ead ( d>+ to live4 ,& y\r  
*ildi% hatr$ ( y\r gaol] & flogg] is    
no?+ to 8 adult hatr$ ( y2 = he is a    
slave =c$ to endure y\r society = 8     
daily bread4 ,y h n ev5 ! satisfaction (
 kn[+ h[ y are tortur+ him & h[ he loa!s
 y2 & y give y\rself unnecess>y pa9s to 
annoy him ) furtive tricks & spiteful   
do+ ( =bidd5 ?+s4 ,no wond] he is       
sometimes provok$ to fi5di% outbur/s (  
wra?4 ,no wond] m5 ( d[nright s5se1 l   
,dr ,johnson1 admit t "u su*            

circum/ances *ildr5 w n le>n any?+      
unless !y are s cruelly beat5 t !y make 
desp]ate ef=ts to memorize words &      
phrases to escape flagellation4 ,x is a 
gha/ly bus9ess1 q beyond words1 ?is     
s*ool+4  ,& n[ ,i he> cries ( prote/    
aris+ all r\nd4 ,fir/ my own s*oolma/]s1
 or _! gho/s1 ask+ :e!r ,i 0 cruelly    
beat5 at s*ool8 ,no2 b !n ,i did n le>n 
any?+ at s*ool4 ,dr ,johnson's s*oolma/]
 presumably did c>e en\gh :e!r ,sam     
le>n$ any?+ to beat him savagely en\gh  
to =ce him to lame 8 m9d--= ,johnson's  
great m9d 0 lam$--by le>n+ 8 lessons4   
,none ( my s*oolma/]s really c>$ a rap  
7or p]haps x w\ld be fair] to !m to say 
t _! employ]s did n c>e a rap & !re=e   
did n give !m ! necess>y can+ p[]s7 :e!r
 ,i le>nt my lessons or n1 provid$ my   
fa!r paid my s*ool+ bill1 ! collection (
 :i* 0 ! real object ( ! s*ool4         
,consequ5tly ,i did n le>n my s*ool     
lessons1 hav+ mu* m important ones 9 h&1
 ) ! result t ,i h n wa/$ my life trifl+
 ) lit]>y fools 9 tav]ns z ,johnson did 

:5 he %\ld h be5 %ak+ ,engl& ) ! ?und] (
 8 _s4 ,my s*ool+ did me a great deal ( 
h>m & no good :atev]3 x 0 simply dragg+ 
a *ild's s\l ?r\gh ! dirt2 b ,i escap$  
,sque]s & ,creakle j z ,i escap$        
,johnson & ,c>lyle4 ,& ?is is :at happ5s
 to mo/ ( u4 ,we are n effectively co]c$
 to le>n3 we /ave (f puni%m5t z f> z we 
c by ly+ & trick]y & guess+ & us+ our   
wits2 & :5 ?is does n suffice we        
scribble impositions1 or suff] extra    
imprisonm5ts--keep+ 9 0 ! phrase 9 my   
"t--or let a ma/] /rike u ) a cane &    
fall back on our pride at be+ able to   
he> x physically 7he n be+ all[$ to hit 
u too h>d7 to outface ! di%onor we %\ld 
h be5 taught to die r ?an endure4 ,& s  
idl5ess & wor?lessness on ! "o h& & a   
pret5ce ( co]cion on ! o!r became a     
despicable r\t9e4 ,if my s*oolma/]s _h  
be5 really engag$ 9 educat+ me in/ead ( 
pa9fully e>n+ _! bread by keep+ me f    
annoy+ my eld]s !y w\ld h turn$ me out (
 ! s*ool1 tell+ me t ,i 0 ?or\ghly      
disloyal to x2 t ,i _h no int5tion (    

le>n+2 t ,i 0 mock+ & di/ract+ ! boys :o
 did wi% to le>n2 t ,i 0 a li> & a %irk]
 & a s$iti\s little nuisance2 & t no?+  
c\ld injure me 9 "* & degrade _!        
occupation m ?an all[+ me 7mu* less =c+ 
me7 to rema9 9 ! s*ool "u su*           
conditions4 ,b 9 ord] to get expell$1 x 
0 necess>y commit a crime ( su* atrocity
 t ! p>5ts ( o!r boys w\ld h ?reat5$ to 
remove _! sons soon] ?an all[ !m to be  
s*oolfell[s ) ! del9qu5t4 ,i c rememb]  
only "o case 9 :i* su* a p5alty 0       
?reat5$2 & 9 t case ! culprit1 a bo>d]1 
_h kiss$ a h\semaid1 or possibly1 be+ a 
h&some y\?1 be5 kiss$ by h]4 ,%e did n  
kiss me2 & nobody ev] dreamt ( expell+  
me4 ,! tru? 01 a boy meant j s mu* a ye>
 to ! in/itution4 ,t 0 :y he 0 kept !re 
aga9/ 8 w4 ,t 0 :y he 0 kept !re :5 8   
expulsion w\ld h be5 an unspeakable     
relief & b5efit bo? to 8 tea*]s &       
himself4  ,x may be argu$ t if !        
uncomm]cial attitude _h be5 tak51 & all 
! disloyal wa/]s & idl]s %ewn /]nly to !
 door1 ! s*ool w\ld n h be5 empti$1 b   

fill$4 ,b s hone/ an attitude 0         
impossible4 ,! ma/]s mu/ h hat$ ! s*ool 
mu* m ?an ! boys did4 ,j z y _c imprison
 a man )\t imprison+ a w>d] to see t he 
does n escape1 ! w>d] be+ ti$ to !      
prison z effectually by ! fe> (         
unemploym5t & />vation z ! prison] is by
 ! bolts & b>s1 s ^! poor s*oolma/]s1 ) 
_! small sal>ies & l>ge classes1 7 z mu*
 prison]s z we 71 & mu* m responsible & 
anxi\s ones4 ,!y c\ld n impose ! h]oic  
attitude on _! employ]s2 nor w\ld !y h  
be5 able to obta9 places z s*oolma/]s if
 _! habits _h be5 h]oic4 ,= ! be/ ( !m  
_! employm5t 0 provisional3 !y look$    
=w>d to escap+ f x into ! pulpit4 ,!    
able/ & mo/ impati5t ( !m 7 (t5 s       
irritat$ by ! awkw>d1 sl[-witt$1 slov5ly
 boys3 t is1 ! ones t requir$ special   
consid]ation & pati5t treatm5t1 t !y    
v5t$ _! irritation on !m ru?lessly1 no?+
 be+ easi] ?an to entrap or bewild] su* 
a boy into giv+ a pretext = puni%+ him4 
,my ,s*ola/ic ,acquirem5ts  ,! results1 
z f> z ,i 0 conc]n$1 7 :at might h be5  

expect$4 ,my s*ool made only ! ?9ne/    
pret5ce ( tea*+ any?+ b ,lat9 & ,greek4 
,:5 ,i w5t !re z a v small boy ,i knew a
 good deal ( ,lat9 gramm> :i* ,i _h be5 
taught 9 a few weeks privately by my    
uncle4 ,:5 ,i _h be5 sev]al ye>s at     
s*ool ?is same uncle exam9$ me &        
discov]$ t ! net result ( my s*ool+ 0 t 
,i _h =gott5 :at he _h taught me1 & _h  
le>nt no?+ else4 ,to ?is day1 ?\gh ,i c 
/ill decl9e a ,lat9 n\n & repeat "s ( ! 
old p>adigms 9 ! old mean+less way1     
because _! rhy?m /icks to me1 ,i h nev] 
yet se5 a ,lat9 inscription on a tomb t 
,i c\ld translate ?r\gh\t4 ,( ,greek ,i 
c deciph] p]haps ! great] "p ( ! ,greek 
alphabet4 ,9 %ort1 ,i am1 z to classical
 education1 ano!r ,%akespe>4 ,i c read  
,fr5* z easily z ,engli%2 & "u pressure 
( necessity ,i c turn to acc\nt "s      
scraps ( ,g]man & a little op]atic      
,italian2 b ^! ,i 0 nev] taught at      
s*ool4 ,in/ead1 ,i 0 taught ly+1        
di%onorable submission to tyranny1 dirty
 /ories1 a blasphem\s habit ( treat+    

love & mat]nity z obsc5e jokes1         
hopelessness1 evasion1 d]ision1 c[>dice1
 & all ! blackgu>d's %ifts by :i* ! c[>d
 intimidates o!r c[>ds4 ,& if ,i _h be5 
a bo>d] at an ,engli% public s*ool      
in/ead ( a day boy at an ,iri% "o1 ,i   
might h _h to add to ^!1 deep] %ames    
/ill4     ,s*oolma/]s ( ,g5ius  ,& n[1  
if ,i h r$uc$ ! gho/s ( my s*oolma/]s to
 melan*oly acquiesc5ce 9 all ?is 7:i*   
ev]ybody :o has be5 at an ord9>y s*ool w
 recognize z true71 ,i h /ill to meet ! 
mu* m s9c]e prote/s ( ! h&ful ( p :o h a
 natural g5ius = br++ up *ildr54 ,i %all
 be ask$ ) k9dly scorn :e!r ,i h he>d ( 
,froebel & ,pe/alozzi1 :e!r ,i "k ! "w t
 is be+ done by ,miss ,mason & !        
,dottoressa ,montessori or1 be/ ( all z 
,i ?9k1 ! ,eury?mics ,s*ool ( ,jacques  
,dalcroze at ,hell]au ne> ,dresd54      
,jacques ,dalcroze1 l ,plato1 believes 9
 saturat+ 8 pupils ) music4 ,!y walk to 
music1 play to music1 "w to music1 obey 
drill comm&s t w\ld bewild] a gu>dsman  
to music1 ?9k to music1 live to music1  

get s cle>head$ ab\t music t !y c move  
_! sev]al limbs ea* 9 a diff]5t metre   
until !y become complicat$ liv+ magaz9es
 ( cross rhy?ms1 &1 :at is m1 make music
 = o!rs to d all ^! ?+s to4 ,/rang]     
/ill1 ?\gh ,jacques ,dalcroze1 l all ^! 
great tea*]s1 is ! complete/ ( tyrants1 
kn[+ :at is "r & t he mu/ & w h ! lesson
 j s or else break 8 he>t 7n somebody   
else's1 obs]ve71 yet 8 s*ool is s       
fasc9at+ t e woman :o sees x exclaims   
,oh1 :y 0 ,i n taught l ?is6 & eld]ly   
g5tlem5 excit$ly enrol !mselves z /ud5ts
 & di/ract classes ( infants by _!      
desp]ate endeavors to beat two 9 a b> ) 
"o h& & ?ree ) ! o!r1 & />t (f on e>ne/ 
walks r\nd ! room1 tak+ two /eps backw>d
 :5ev] ,monsieur ,dal]oze calls out     
,hop6 ,oh yes3 ,i "k all ab\t ^!        
wond]ful s*ools t y _c keep *ildr5 or   
ev5 adults out (1 & ^! tea*]s :om _!    
pupils n only obey )\t co]cion1 b adore4
 ,& if y w tell me r\ghly h[ _m ,masons 
& ,montessoris & ,dalcrozes y ?9k y c   
pick up 9 ,europe = sal>ies ( f ?irty   

%ill+s to five p\nds a week1 ,i w       
e/imate y\r *ances ( conv]t+ y\r        
millions ( little s*ola/ic hells into   
little s*ola/ic heav5s4 ,if y are a     
di/ress$ g5tlewoman />t+ to make a liv+1
 y c /ill op5 a little s*ool2 & y c     
easily buy a secondh& brass plate       
inscrib$ ,,pe/alozzian ,,in/itute & nail
 x to y\r door1 ?\gh y h no m idea ( :o 
,pe/alozzi 0 & :at he advocat$ or h[ he 
did x ?an ! manag] ( a hotel :i* began z
 a ,hydropa?ic has ( ! wat] cure4 ,or y 
c buy a *eap] plate inscrib$ ,,k9d]g>t51
 & imag9e1 or leave o!rs to imag9e1 t   
,froebel is ! gov]n+ g5ius ( y\r little 
cre*e4 ,no d\bt ! new brass plates are  
be+ inscrib$ ,montessori ,in/itute1 & w 
be us$ :5 ! ,dott]essa is no long] ) u  
by all ! ,mrs ,pip*9s & ,mrs ,wilf]s    
?r\gh\t ?is unhappy l&4  ,i w g fur!r1 &
 admit t ! brass plates may n all be    
frauds4 ,i w tell y t "o ( my fri5ds 0  
l$ to g5u9e love & consid]able k (      
classical lit]ature by an ,iri%         
s*oolma/] :om y w\ld call a h$ge        

s*oolma/] 7he w\ld n be all[$ to tea*   
any?+ n[7 & t x took f\r ye>s ( ,h>r[ to
 oblit]ate t k & *ange ! love into      
loa?+4 ,ano!r fri5d ( m9e :o keeps a    
s*ool 9 ! suburbs1 & :o deeply deplores 
my prejudice aga9/ s*oolma/]s1 has (f]$ 
to accept my *all5ge to tell 8 pupils t 
!y are z free to get up & g out ( !     
s*ool at any mom5t z _! p>5ts are to get
 up & g out ( a !atre :]e my plays are  
be+ p]=m$4 ,ev5 among my own s*oolma/]s 
,i c recollect a few ^: classes int]e/$ 
me1 & :om ,i %\ld c]ta9ly h pe/]$ =     
in=mation & in/ruction if ,i c\ld h got 
into any dec5t human relation%ip ) !m1 &
 if !y _h n be5 compell$ by _! position 
to def5d !mselves z c>efully aga9/ su*  
advances z aga9/ furtive attempts to    
hurt !m accid5tally 9 ! football field  
or sma% _! hats ) a clod f beh9d a wall4
 ,b ^! r>e cases actually d m h>m ?an   
good2 = !y enc\rage u to pret5d t all   
s*oolma/]s are l t4 ,( :at use is x to u
 t !re are always some:]e two or ?ree   
tea*]s ( *ildr5 ^: specific g5ius = _!  

occupation triumphs ov] our tyrann\s    
sy/em & ev5 f9ds 9 x its opportunity8 ,=
 t matt]1 x is possible1 if difficult1  
to f9d a solicitor1 or ev5 a judge1 :o  
has "s notion ( :at law means1 a doctor 
) a glimm]+ ( sci5ce1 an (fic] :o       
und]/&s duty & discipl9e1 & a cl]gyman )
 an inkl+ ( religion1 ?\gh !re are no?+ 
l en\gh ( !m to g r\nd4 ,b ev5 ! few :o1
 l ,ibs5's ,mrs ,solness1 h a g5ius =   
nurs+ ! s\ls ( little *ildr5 are l      
angels =c$ to "w 9 prisons in/ead ( 9   
heav52 & ev5 at t !y are mo/ly und]paid 
& despis$4 ,t fri5d ( m9e :o w5t f !    
h$ge s*oolma/] to ,h>r[ once saw a      
s*oolma/] ru% f an elem5t>y s*ool 9     
pursuit ( a boy & /rike him4 ,my fri5d1 
n consid]+ t ! un=tunate man 0 probably 
goad$ beyond endurance1 smote !         
s*oolma/] & black5$ 8 eye4 ,! s*oolma/] 
appeal$ to ! law2 & my fri5d f\nd       
himself wait+ n]v\sly 9 ! ,hamm]smi?    
,police ,c\rt to answ] = 8 brea* ( !    
peace4 ,9 8 anxiety he ask$ a police    
(fic] :at w\ld happ5 to him4 ,:at did y 

d8 said ! (fic]4 ,i gave a man a black  
eye said my fri5d4 ,six p\nds if he 0 a 
g5tleman3 two p\nds if he wasnt1 said ! 
con/able4 ,he 0 a s*oolma/] said my     
fri5d4 ,two p\nds said ! (fic]2 & two   
p\nds x 04 ,! blood money 0 paid        
*e]fully2 & ,i h ev] s9ce advis$        
elem5t>y s*oolma/]s to qualify !mselves 
9 ! art ( self-def5ce1 z ! ,briti%      
,con/itution expresses our national     
e/imate ( !m by all[+ u to black5 ?ree (
 _! eyes = ! same price z "o ( an ord9>y
 pr(essional man4 ,h[ _m ,froebels &    
,pe/alozzis & ,miss ,masons & ,doctoress
 ,montessoris w\ld y be likely to get on
 ^! t]ms ev5 if !y occurr$ mu* m        
frequ5tly 9 nature ?an !y actually d8   
,no3 ,i _c be put (f by ! news t our    
sy/em w\ld be p]fect if x 7 work$ by    
angels4 ,i d n admit x ev5 at t1 j z ,i 
d n admit t if ! sky fell we %\ld all   
cat* l>ks4 ,b ,i d n propose to bo!r    
ab\t a supply ( specific g5ius :i* does 
n exi/1 & :i*1 if x did exi/1 c\ld      
op]ate only by at once recogniz+ &      

e/abli%+ ! rights ( *ildr54     ,:at ,we
 ,d ,n ,tea*1 & ,:y  ,to my m9d1 a      
glance at ! subjects n[ taught 9 s*ools 
ought to conv9ce any reasonable p]son t 
! object ( ! lessons is to keep *ildr5  
out ( mis*ief1 & n to qualify !m = _! "p
 9 life z responsible citiz5s ( a free  
,/ate4 ,x is n possible to ma9ta9 fre$om
 9 any ,/ate1 no matt] h[ p]fect its    
orig9al con/itution1 unless its publicly
 active citiz5s "k a good deal (        
con/itutional hi/ory1 law1 & political  
sci5ce1 ) its basis ( economics4 ,if z  
mu* pa9s _h be5 tak5 a c5tury ago to    
make u all und]/& ,ric>do's law ( r5t z 
to le>n our cate*isms1 ! face ( ! _w    
w\ld h be5 *ang$ = ! bett]4 ,b = t v    
reason ! greate/ c>e is tak5 to keep su*
 b5eficially subv]sive k f u1 ) ! result
 t 9 public life we are ei!r            
place-hunt]s1 an>*i/s1 or %eep %eph]d$  
by wolves4  ,b x w be obs]v$ t ^! are   
highly controv]sial subjects4 ,n[ no    
controv]sial subject c be taught        
dogmatically4 ,he :o kn[s only ! (ficial

 side ( a controv]sy kn[s less ?an no?+ 
( its nature4 ,! abl] a s*oolma/] is1 ! 
m dang]\s he is to 8 pupils unless !y h 
! fulle/ opportunity ( he>+ ano!r       
equally able p]son d 8 utmo/ to %ake 8  
au?ority & convict him ( error4  ,at    
pres5t su* tea*+ is v unpopul>4 ,x does 
n exi/ 9 s*ools2 b e adult :o d]ives 8 k
 ( public affairs f ! newspap]s c take  
91 at ! co/ ( an extra halfp5ny1 two    
pap]s ( opposite politics4 ,yet ! ord9>y
 man s dislikes hav+ 8 m9d unsettl$1 z  
he calls x1 t he angrily refuses to all[
 a pap] :i* diss5ts f 8 views to be     
br\ght into 8 h\se4 ,ev5 at 8 club he   
res5ts see+ x1 & excludes x if x happ5s 
to run c\nt] to ! op9ions ( all !       
memb]s4 ,! result is t 8 op9ions are n  
wor? consid]+4 ,a *ur*man :o nev] reads 
,! ,free?9k] v soon has no m real       
religion ?an ! a!i/ :o nev] reads ,!    
,*ur* ,times4 ,! attitude is ! same 9   
bo? cases3 !y want to he> no?+ good ( _!
 enemies2 consequ5tly !y rema9 enemies &
 suff] f bad blood all _! lives2 :]eas  

m5 :o "k _! oppon5ts & und]/& _! case1 q
 commonly respect & l !m1 & always le>n 
some?+ f !m4  ,"h1 aga91 z at s _m      
po9ts1 we come up aga9/ ! abuse ( s*ools
 to keep p 9 ignorance & error1 s t !y  
may be incapable ( successful revolt    
aga9/ _! indu/rial slav]y4 ,! mo/       
important simple fundam5tal economic    
tru? to impress on a *ild 9 complicat$  
civilizations l ours is ! tru? t :oev]  
consumes goods or s]vices )\t produc+ by
 p]sonal ef=t ! equival5t ( :at he or %e
 consumes1 inflicts on ! community      
precisely ! same injury t a ?ief        
produces1 & w\ld1 9 any hone/ ,/ate1 be 
treat$ z a ?ief1 h[ev] full 8 or h]     
pockets might be ( money made by o!r p4 
,! nation t fir/ tea*es its *ildr5 t    
tru?1 in/ead ( flogg+ !m if !y discov] x
 = !mselves1 may h to fight all ! slaves
 ( all ! o!r nations to beg9 )2 b x w   
beat !m z easily z an unburd5$ man ) 8  
h&s free & ) all 8 en]gies 9 full play c
 beat an invalid :o has to c>ry ano!r   
invalid on 8 back4  ,?is1 h[ev]1 is n an

 evil produc$ by ! d5ial ( *ildr5's     
rights1 nor is x inh]5t 9 ! nature (    
s*ools4 ,i m5tion x only because x w\ld 
be folly to call = a re=m ( our s*ools  
)\t tak+ acc\nt ( ! corrupt resi/ance   
:i* awaits ! re=m]4  ,a ^w mu/ also be  
said ab\t ! opposition to re=m ( ! ve/$ 
int]e/ ( ! classical & co]cive          
s*oolma/]4 ,he1 poor wret*1 has no o!r  
means ( livelihood2 & re=m w\ld leave   
him z a workman is n[ left :5 he is     
sup]s$$ by a ma*9e4 ,he _h !re=e bett] d
 :at he c to get ! workman comp5sat$1 s 
z to make ! public famili> ) ! idea (   
comp5sation be=e 8 own turn comes4      
,taboo 9 ,s*ools  ,! suppression (      
economic k1 disa/r\s z x is1 is q       
intelligible1 its corrupt motive be+ z  
cle> z ! motive ( a burgl> = conceal+ 8 
jemmy f a policeman4 ,b ! o!r great     
suppression 9 our s*ools1 ! suppression 
( ! subject ( sex1 is a case ( taboo4 ,9
 mank9d1 ! l[] ! type1 & ! less         
cultivat$ ! m9d1 ! less c\rage !re is to
 face important subjects objectively4 ,!

 able/ & mo/ highly cultivat$ p         
cont9ually discuss religion1 politics1 &
 sex3 x is h>dly an exagg]ation to say t
 !y discuss no?+ else ) fully-awak5$    
int]e/4 ,common] & less cultivat$ p1 ev5
 :5 !y =m societies = discussion1 make a
 rule t politics & religion are n to be 
m5tion$1 & take x = grant$ t no dec5t   
p]son w\ld attempt to discuss sex4 ,!   
?ree subjects are fe>$ because !y r\se !
 crude passions :i* call = furi\s       
gratification 9 murd] & rap9e at wor/1  
&1 at be/1 lead to qu>rels & undesirable
 /ates ( consci\sness4  ,ev5 :5 ?is     
excuse ( bad mann]s1 ill temp]1 &       
bruti%ness 7= t is :at x comes to7      
compels u to accept x f ^? adults among 
:om political & !ological discussion    
does z a matt] ( fact lead to ! draw+ ( 
knives & pi/ols1 & sex discussion leads 
to obsc5ity1 x has no application to    
*ildr5 except z an imp]ative reason =   
tra9+ !m to respect o!r p's op9ions1 &  
to insi/ on respect = _! own 9 ^! z 9   
o!r important matt]s :i* are equally    

dang]\s3 = example1 money4 ,& 9 any case
 !re are decisive reasons2 sup]ior1 l ! 
reasons = susp5d+ conv5tional retic5ces 
betwe5 doctor & pati5t1 to all          
consid]ations ( m]e decorum1 = giv+     
prop] in/ruction 9 ! facts ( sex4 ,^? :o
 object to x 7n c\nt+ co>se p :o        
?\ghtlessly seize e opportunity (       
affect+ & p>ad+ a fictiti\s delicacy7   
are1 9 effect1 advocat+ ignorance z a   
safegu>d aga9/ precocity4 ,if ignorance 
7 practicable !re w\ld be some?+ to be  
said = x up to ! age at :i* ignorance is
 a dang] in/ead ( a safegu>d4 ,ev5 z x  
is1 x seems undesirable t any special   
emphasis %\ld be giv5 to ! subject1 :e!r
 by way ( delicacy & poetry or too      
impressive w>n+4 ,b ! pla9 fact is t 9  
refus+ to all[ ! *ild to be taught by   
qualifi$ unrelat$ eld]s 7! p>5ts %r9k f 
! lesson1 ev5 :5 !y are o!rwise         
qualifi$1 because _! own relation to !  
*ild makes ! subject impossible betwe5  
!m7 we are virtually arrang+ to h our   
*ildr5 taught by o!r *ildr5 9 guilty    

secrets & unclean je/s4 ,& t settles !  
"q = all s5sible p4  ,! dogmatic        
objection1 ! %e] in/9ctive taboo :i*    
rules ! subject out altoge!r z indec5t1 
has no age limit4 ,x means t at no matt]
 :at age a woman cons5ts to a proposal (
 m>riage1 %e %\ld d s 9 ignorance ( !   
relation %e is und]tak+4 ,:5 ?is        
actually happ5s 7& app>5tly x does happ5
 (t5] ?an w\ld seem possible7 a horrible
 fraud is be+ practic$ on bo? ! man & ! 
woman4 ,he is l$ to believe t %e kn[s   
:at %e is promis+1 & t he is 9 no dang] 
( f9d+ himself b\nd to a woman to :om he
 is eug5ically antipa!tic4 ,%e          
contemplates no?+ b su* affectionate    
relations z may exi/ betwe5 h] & h]     
ne>e/ k9sm51 & has no k ( ! condition   
:i*1 if n =ese51 mu/ come z an amaz+    
revelation & a dang]\s %ock1 end+       
possibly 9 ! discov]y t ! m>riage has   
be5 an irrep>able mi/ake4 ,no?+ c ju/ify
 su* a risk4 ,!re may be p incapable (  
und]/&+ t ! "r to "k all !re is to "k   
ab\t oneself is a natural human "r t    

sweeps away all ! pret5ces ( o!rs to    
tamp] ) "o's consci\sness 9 ord] to     
produce :at !y *oose to consid] a good  
"*4 ,b !y mu/ "h b[ to ! pla9           
mis*iev\sness ( entrapp+ p into         
contracts on :i* ! happ9ess ( _! :ole   
lives dep5ds )\t lett+ !m "k :at !y are 
und]tak+4     ,alleg$ ,novelties 9      
,mod]n ,s*ools  ,!re is j "o m nuisance 
to be dispos$ ( be=e ,i come to !       
positive side ( my case4 ,i mean ! p]son
 :o tells me t my s*ooldays belong to a 
bygone ord] ( educational ideas &       
in/itutions1 & t s*ools are n n[ a bit l
 my old s*ool4 ,i reply1 ) ,sir ,walt]  
,raleigh1 by call+ on my s\l to give ?is
 /atem5t ! lie4 ,"s ye>s ago ,i lectur$ 
9 ,ox=d on ! subject ( ,education4 ,a   
fri5d to :om ,i m5tion$ my int5tion     
said1 ,y "k no?+ ( mod]n education3     
s*ools are n n[ :at !y 7 :5 y 7 a boy4  
,i imm$iately procur$ ! "t %eets ( half 
a doz5 mod]n s*ools1 & f\nd1 z ,i       
expect$1 t !y might all h be5 my old    
s*ool3 !re 0 no real diff]5ce4 ,i may   

m5tion1 too1 t ,i h visit$ mod]n s*ools1
 & obs]v$ t !re is a t5d5cy to hang     
pr9t$ pictures 9 an untidy & s\lless    
mann] on ! walls1 & occasionally to     
display on ! mantel-%elf a deplorable   
glass case conta9+ c]ta9 objects :i*    
might possibly1 if plac$ 9 ! h&s ( !    
pupils1 give !m "s practical exp]i5ce ( 
! weight ( a p\nd & ! l5g? ( an in*4 ,& 
sometimes a sc\ndrel :o has rifl$ a     
bird's ne/ or kill$ a h>mless snake     
enc\rages ! *ildr5 to g & d likewise by 
putt+ 8 victims into an imitation ne/ & 
bottle & exhibit+ !m z aids to ,nature  
/udy4 ,a sugge/ion t ,nature is wor?    
/udy w\ld c]ta9ly h /agg]$ my           
s*oolma/]s2 s p]haps ,i may admit a     
gleam ( progress "h4 ,b z any *ild :o   
attempt$ to h&le ^! du/y objects w\ld   
probably be can$1 ,i d n atta* any      
importance to su* mod]nities 9 s*ool    
furniture4 ,! s*ool rema9s :at x 0 9 my 
boyhood1 because its real object rema9s 
:at x 04 ,& t object1 ,i repeat1 is to  
keep ! *ildr5 out ( mis*ief3 mis*ief    

mean+ = ! mo/ "p worry+ ! gr[n-ups4     
,:at is to be ,done8  ,! practical "q1  
!n1 is :at to d ) ! *ildr54 ,tol]ate !m 
at home we w n4 ,let !m run loose 9 !   
/reets we d>e n until our /reets become 
safe places = *ildr51 :i*1 to our utt]  
%ame1 !y are n at pres5t1 ?\gh !y c     
h>dly be worse ?an "s homes & "s s*ools4
  ,! grotesque difficulty ( mak+ ev5 a  
beg9n+ 0 br\ght home to me 9 ! little   
village 9 ,h]t=d%ire :]e ,i write ^!    
l9es by ! lady ( ! manor1 :o ask$ me v  
prop]ly :at ,i 0 go+ to d = ! village   
s*ool4 ,i did n "k :at to reply4 ,z !   
s*ool kept ! *ildr5 quiet dur+ my work+ 
h\rs1 ,i did n = ! sake ( my own p]sonal
 conv5i5ce want to bl[ x up ) dynamite z
 ,i %\ld l to bl[ up mo/ s*ools4 ,s ,i  
ask$ = guidance4 ,y ought to give a     
prize1 said ! lady4 ,i ask$ if !re 0 a  
prize = good conduct4 ,z ,i expect$1 !re
 03 "o = ! be/-behav$ boy & ano!r = !   
be/-behav$ girl4 ,on reflection ,i (f]$ 
a h&some prize = ! wor/-behav$ boy &    
girl on condition t a record %\ld be    

kept ( _! subsequ5t c>e]s & comp>$ ) !  
records ( ! be/-behav$1 9 ord] to       
asc]ta9 :e!r ! s*ool crit]ion ( good    
conduct 0 valid out ( s*ool4 ,my (f] 0  
refus$ because x w\ld n h _h ! effect ( 
enc\rag+ ! *ildr5 to give z little      
tr\ble z possible1 :i* is ( c\rse ! real
 object ( all conduct prizes 9 s*ools4  
,i mu/ n pret5d1 !n1 t ,i h a sy/em     
ready to replace all ! o!r sy/ems4      
,ob/ruct+ ! way ( ! prop] organization (
 *ildhood1 z ( ev]y?+ else1 lies our    
ridicul\s misdi/ribution ( ! national   
income1 ) its accompany+ class          
di/9ctions & imposition ( snobb]y on    
*ildr5 z a necess>y "p ( _! social      
tra9+4 ,! result ( our economic folly is
 t we are a nation ( undesirable        
acqua9tances2 & ! fir/ object ( all our 
in/itutions = *ildr5 is segregation4    
,if1 = example1 our *ildr5 7 set free to
 roam & play ab\t z !y pleas$1 !y w\ld h
 to be polic$2 & ! fir/ duty ( ! police 
9 a ,/ate l ours w\ld be to see t e *ild
 wore a badge indicat+ its class 9      

society1 & t e *ild se5 speak+ to ano!r 
*ild ) a l[]-class badge1 or any *ild   
we>+ a high] badge ?an t allott$ to x   
by1 say1 ! ,college ( ,h]alds1 %\ld     
imm$iately be sk9n$ alive ) a bir* rod4 
,x might ev5 be insi/$ t girls )        
high-class badges %\ld be att5d$ by     
footm51 grooms1 or ev5 milit>y escorts4 
,9 %ort1 !re is h>dly any limit to !    
follies ) :i* our ,comm]cialism w\ld    
infect any sy/em t x w\ld tol]ate at    
all4 ,b some?+ l a *ange ( he>t is /ill 
possible2 & s9ce all ! evils ( snobb]y &
 segregation are rampant 9 our s*ools at
 pres5t we may z well make ! be/ z !    
wor/ ( !m4     ,*ildr5's ,rights &      
,duties  ,n[ let u ask :at are a *ild's 
rights1 & :at are ! rights ( society ov]
 ! *ild4 ,its rights1 be+ cle>ly ^? (   
any o!r human be+1 are summ$ up 9 ! "r  
to live3 t is1 to h all ! conclusive    
argum5ts t prove t x w\ld be bett] dead1
 t x is a *ild ( wra?1 t ! population is
 already excessive1 t ! pa9s ( life are 
great] ?an its pleasures1 t its         

sacrifice 9 a hospital or laboratory    
exp]im5t might save millions ( lives1   
etc4 etc4 etc41 put out ( ! "q1 & its   
exi/5ce accept$ z necess>y & sacr$1 all 
!ories to ! contr>y not)/&+1 :e!r by    
,calv9 or ,s*op5hau] or ,pa/eur or !    
ne>e/ p]son ) a ta/e = infanticide4 ,&  
?is "r to live includes1 & 9 fact is1 ! 
"r to be :at ! *ild likes & c1 to d :at 
x likes & c1 to make :at x likes & c1 to
 ?9k :at x likes & c1 to sma% :at x     
dislikes & c1 & g5]ally to behave 9 an  
altoge!r unacc\ntable mann] )9 ! limits 
impos$ by ! simil> rights ( its         
neighbors4 ,& ! rights ( society ov] x  
cle>ly ext5d to requir+ x to qualify    
itself to live 9 society )\t wa/+ o!r   
peoples "t3 t is1 x mu/ "k ! rules ( !  
road1 be able to read plac>ds &         
proclamations1 fill vot+ pap]s1 compose 
& s5d lett]s & telegrams1 pur*ase food &
 clo?+ & railway tickets = itself1 c\nt 
money & give & take *ange1 &1 g5]ally1  
"k h[ _m beans made five4 ,x mu/ "k "s  
law1 7 x only a simple set ( comm&m5ts1 

"s political economy1 agriculture en\gh 
to %ut ! gates ( fields ) cattle 9 !m & 
n to trample on gr[+ crops1 sanitation  
en\gh n to defile its haunts1 & religion
 en\gh to h "s idea ( :y x is all[$ its 
rights & :y x mu/ respect ! rights (    
o!rs4 ,& ! re/ ( its education mu/      
consi/ ( any?+ else x c pick up2 =      
beyond ?is society _c g ) any c]ta9ty1 &
 inde$ c only g ?is f> r apologetically 
& provisionally1 z do+ ! be/ x c on v   
unc]ta9 gr\nd4     ,%\ld ,*ildr5 ,e>n _!
 ,liv+8  ,n[ comes ! "q h[ f> *ildr5    
%\ld be ask$ to contribute to ! support 
( ! community4 ,9 approa*+ x we mu/ put 
aside ! consid]ations t n[ induce all   
humane & ?\ghtful political /ud5ts to   
agitate = ! uncompromis+ abolition (    
*ild labor "u our capitali/ sy/em4 ,x is
 n ! lea/ ( ! curses ( t sy/em t x w    
bequea? to future g5]ations a mass (    
legislation to prev5t capitali/s f us+  
up n9e g5]ations ( m5 9 "o g5]ation1 z  
!y began by do+ until !y 7 re/ra9$ by   
law at ! sugge/ion ( ,rob]t ,ow51 !     

f\nd] ( ,engli% ,socialism4 ,mo/ ( ?is  
legislation w become an insuff]able     
re/ra9t ^u fre$om & v>iety ( action :5  
,capitalism goes ! way ( ,druidic human 
sacrifice 7a mu* less slaught]\s        
in/itution74 ,!re is e reason :y a *ild 
%\ld n be all[$ to "w = comm]cial pr(it 
or = ! support ( its p>5ts at ! exp5se (
 its own future2 b !re is no reason     
:atev] :y a *ild %\ld n d "s "w = its   
own sake & t ( ! community if x c be    
%ewn t bo? x & ! community w be ! bett] 
= x4     ,*ildr5's ,happ9ess  ,also x is
 important to put ! happ9ess ( ! *ildr5 
r c>efully 9 its place1 :i* is really n 
a front place4 ,! unsympa!tic1 selfi%1  
h>d p :o reg>d happ9ess z a v           
exceptional indulg5ce to :i* *ildr5 are 
by no means entitl$1 ?\gh !y may be     
all[$ a v little ( x on _! bir?days or  
at ,*ri/mas1 are sometimes bett] p>5ts 9
 effect ?an ^? :o imag9e t *ildr5 are z 
capable ( happ9ess z adults4 ,adults    
habitually exagg]ate _! own capacity 9 t
 direction grossly2 yet mo/ adults c /& 

an all[ance ( happ9ess t w\ld be q ?r[n 
away on *ildr54 ,! secret ( be+ mis]able
 is to h leisure to bo!r ab\t :e!r y are
 happy or n4 ,! cure = x is occupation1 
because occupation means pre-occupation2
 & ! pre-occupi$ p]son is nei!r happy   
nor unhappy1 b simply alive & active1   
:i* is pleasant] ?an any happ9ess until 
y are tir$ ( x4 ,t is :y x is necess>y  
to happ9ess t "o %\ld be tir$4 ,music   
aft] d9n] is pleasant3 music be=e       
breakfa/ is s unpleasant z to be cle>ly 
unnatural4 ,to p :o are n ov]work$      
holidays are a nuisance4 ,to p :o are1 &
 :o c af=d !m1 !y are a tr\blesome      
necessity4 ,a p]petual holiday is a good
 work+ def9ition ( hell4     ,! ,horror 
( ! ,p]petual ,holiday  ,x w be said "h 
t1 on ! contr>y1 heav5 is always        
conceiv$ z a p]petual holiday1 & t :oev]
 is n born to an indep5d5t income is    
/riv+ = "o or long+ = "o because x gives
 holidays = life4 ,to :i* ,i reply1     
fir/1 t heav51 z conv5tionally conceiv$1
 is a place s inane1 s dull1 s useless1 

s mis]able1 t nobody has ev] v5tur$ to  
describe a :ole day 9 heav51 ?\gh pl5ty 
( p h describ$ a day at ! seaside2 & t !
 g5u9e popul> v]dict on x is express$ 9 
! prov]b ,heav5 = hol9ess & ,hell =     
company4 ,second1 ,i po9t out t ! wret*$
 p :o h indep5d5t incomes & no useful   
occupation1 d ! mo/ amaz+ly disagreeable
 & dang]\s ?+s to make !mselves tir$ &  
hungry 9 ! ev5+4 ,:5 !y are n involv$ 9 
:at !y call sport1 !y are do+ aimlessly 
:at o!r p h to be paid to d3 driv+      
horses & motor c>s2 try+ on dresses &   
walk+ up & d[n to %ew !m (f2 & act+ z   
footm5 & h\semaids to royal p]sonages4  
,! sole & obvi\s cause ( ! notion t     
idl5ess is delightful & t heav5 is a    
place :]e !re is no?+ to be done1 is our
 s*ool sy/em & our indu/rial sy/em4 ,!  
s*ool is a prison 9 :i* "w is a puni%m5t
 & a curse4 ,9 av[$ prisons1 h>d labor1 
! only alleviation ( a prison]'s lot1 is
 treat$ z an aggravation ( 8 puni%m5t2 &
 ev]y?+ possible is done to int5sify !  
prison]'s inculcat$ & unnatural notion t

 "w is an evil4 ,9 indu/ry we are       
ov]work$ & und]f$ prison]s4 ,"u su*     
absurd circum/ances our judgm5t ( ?+s   
becomes z p]v]t$ z our habits4 ,if we 7 
habitually und]work$ & ov]f$1 our notion
 ( heav5 w\ld be a place :]e ev]ybody   
work$ /r5u\sly = tw5ty-f\r h\rs a day & 
nev] got any?+ to eat4  ,once realize t 
a p]petual holiday is beyond human      
endurance1 & t ,satan f9ds "s mis*ief   
/ill = idle h&s to d & x w be se5 t we h
 no "r to impose a p]petual holiday on  
*ildr54 ,if we did1 !y w\ld soon outdo !
 ,labor ,p>ty 9 _! claim = a ,"r to ,"w 
,bill4  ,9 any case no *ild %\ld be     
br\ght up to suppose t its food & clo!s 
come d[n f heav5 or are miracul\sly     
conjur$ f empty space by papa4 ,loa?some
 z we h made ! idea ( duty 7l ! idea (  
"w7 we mu/ habituate *ildr5 to a s5se ( 
repayable obligation to ! community =   
:at !y consume & enjoy1 & inculcate !   
repaym5t z a po9t ( honor4 ,if we did t 
today--& no?+ b flat di%one/y prev5ts u 
f do+ x--we %\ld h no idle ri* & inde$  

probably no ri*1 s9ce !re is no         
di/9ction 9 be+ ri* if y h to pay scot &
 lot 9 p]sonal ef=t l ! work+ folk4     
,!re=e1 if = only half an h\r a day1 a  
*ild %\ld d some?+ s]viceable to !      
community4  ,productive "w = *ildr5 has 
! advantage t its discipl9e is !        
discipl9e ( imp]sonal necessity1 n t (  
wanton p]sonal co]cion4 ,! eag]ness (   
*ildr5 9 our indu/rial di/ricts to      
escape f s*ool to ! factory is n caus$  
by light] tasks or %ort] h\rs 9 !       
factory1 nor altoge!r by ! temptation ( 
wages1 nor ev5 by ! desire = novelty1 b 
by ! dignity ( adult "w1 ! ex*ange ( !  
factiti\s p]sonal tyranny ( ! s*oolma/]1
 f :i* ! gr[n-ups are free1 = ! /]n b   
entirely dignifi$ ,laws ( ,life to :i*  
all fle% is subject4     ,univ]sity     
,s*oolboyi%ness  ,old] *ildr5 might d a 
good deal be=e beg9n+ _! collegiate     
education4 ,:at is ! matt] ) our        
univ]sities is t all ! /ud5ts are       
s*oolboys1 :]eas x is ( ! v ess5ce (    
univ]sity education t !y %\ld be m54 ,! 

function ( a univ]sity is n to tea* ?+s 
t c n[ be taught z well or bett] by     
,univ]sity ,ext5sion lectures or by     
private tutors or mod]n correspond5ce   
classes ) gramophones4 ,we g to !m to be
 socializ$2 to acquire ! hall m>k (     
communal tra9+2 to become citiz5s ( ! _w
 in/ead ( inmates ( ! enl>g$ rabbit     
hut*es we call homes2 to le>n mann]s &  
become un*all5geable ladies & g5tlem54  
,! social pressure :i* effects ^! *anges
 %\ld be t ( p]sons :o h fac$ ! full    
responsibilities ( adults z work+ memb]s
 ( ! g5]al community1 n t ( a b>b>\s    
rabble ( half emancipat$ s*oolboys &    
unemancipable p$ants4 ,x is true t 9 a  
reasonable /ate ( society ?is outside   
exp]i5ce w\ld d = u v completely :at !  
univ]sity does n[ s corruptly t we      
tol]ate its bad mann]s only because !y  
are bett] ?an no mann]s at all4 ,b !    
univ]sity w always exi/ 9 "s =m z a     
community ( p]sons desir\s ( pu%+ _!    
culture to ! highe/ pit* !y are capable 
(1 n z solit>y /ud5ts read+ 9 seclusion1

 b z memb]s ( a body ( individuals all  
pursu+ culture1 talk+ culture1 ?9k+     
culture1 above all1 criticiz+ culture4  
,if su* p]sons are to read & talk &     
criticize to any purpose1 !y mu/ "k ! _w
 outside ! univ]sity at lea/ z well z ! 
%opkeep] 9 ! ,high ,/reet does4 ,& ?is  
is j :at !y d n "k at pres5t4 ,y may say
 ( !m1 p>aphras+ ,mr4 ,kipl+1 ,:at d !y 
"k ( ,plato t only ,plato "k8 ,if our   
univ]sities w\ld exclude ev]ybody :o _h 
n e>n$ a liv+ by 8 or h] own ex]tions = 
at lea/ a c\ple ( ye>s1 _! effect w\ld  
be va/ly improv$4     ,! ,new ,laz9ess  
,! *ild ( ! future1 !n1 if !re is to be 
any future b "o ( decay1 w "w m or less 
= its liv+ f an e>ly age2 & 9 do+ s x w 
n %ock anyone1 provid$ !re be no long]  
any reason to associate ! conception (  
*ildr5 work+ = _! liv+ ) infants toil+ 9
 a factory = t5 h\rs a day or boys      
drudg+ f n9e to six "u gas lamps 9      
und]gr\nd city (fices4 ,lads & lasses 9 
_! te5s w probably be able to produce z 
mu* z ! mo/ exp5sive p]son n[ co/s 9 8  

own p]son 7x is ret9ue t eats up ! big  
income7 )\t work+ too h>d or too long = 
q z mu* happ9ess z !y c enjoy4 ,! "q to 
be balanc$ !n w be1 n h[ soon p %\ld be 
put to "w1 b h[ soon !y %\ld be releas$ 
f any obligation ( ! k9d4 ,a life's "w  
is l a day's "w3 x c beg9 e>ly & leave  
(f e>ly or beg9 late & leave (f late1   
or1 z ) u1 beg9 too e>ly & nev] leave (f
 at all1 obvi\sly ! wor/ ( all possible 
plans4 ,9 any ev5t we mu/ f9ally reckon 
"w1 n z ! curse our s*ools & prisons &  
capitali/ pr(it factories make x seem   
today1 b z a prime necessity ( a        
tol]able exi/5ce4 ,& if we _c devise    
fre% wants z fa/ z we develop ! means ( 
supply+ !m1 !re w come a sc>city ( !    
ne$$1 cut-&-dri$1 appo9t$ "w t is always
 ready to ev]ybody's h&4 ,x may h to be 
%>$ out among p all ( :om want m ( x4 ,&
 !n a new sort ( laz9ess w become !     
bugbe> ( society3 ! laz9ess t refuses to
 face ! m5tal toil & adv5ture ( mak+ "w 
by inv5t+ new ideas or ext5d+ ! doma9 ( 
k1 & insi/s on a ready-made r\t9e4 ,x   

may come to =c+ p to retire be=e !y are 
will+ to make way = y\ng] ones3 t is1 to
 driv+ all p]sons ( a c]ta9 age out (   
indu/ry1 leav+ !m to f9d some?+         
exp]im5tal to occupy !m on pa9 (        
p]petual holiday4 ,m5 w !n try to sp5d  
tw5ty ?\s& a ye> = ! sake ( hav+ to e>n 
x4 ,in/ead ( be+ :at we are n[1 ! *eape/
 & na/ie/ ( ! animals1 we %all be !     
co/lie/1 mo/ fa/idi\s1 & be/ br$4 ,9    
%ort1 !re is no end to ! a/oni%+ ?+s t  
may happ5 :5 ! curse ( ,adam becomes    
fir/ a bless+ & !n an incurable habit4  
,& 9 t day we mu/ n grudge *ildr5 _! %>e
 ( x4     ,! ,inf9ite ,s*ool ,task  ,!  
"q ( *ildr5's "w1 h[ev]1 is only a "q ( 
:at ! *ild ought to d = ! community4 ,h[
 highly x %\ld qualify itself is ano!r  
matt]4 ,b mo/ ( ! difficulty ( induc+   
*ildr5 to le>n w\ld disappe> if our     
dem&s became n only def9ite b f9ite4 ,:5
 le>n+ is only an excuse = imprisonm5t1 
x is an in/rum5t ( torture :i* becomes m
 pa9ful ! m progress is made4 ,?us :5 y 
h =c$ a *ild to le>n ! ,*ur* ,cate*ism1 

a docum5t pr(\nd beyond ! compreh5sion (
 mo/ adults1 y are sometimes at a /&/ill
 = some?+ else to tea*2 & y !re=e keep !
 wret*$ *ild repeat+ its cate*ism aga9 &
 aga9 until y hit on ! plan ( mak+ x    
le>n in/alm5ts ( ,bible v]ses1 pref]ably
 f ! book ( ,numb]s4 ,b z x is less     
tr\ble to set a lesson t y "k y\rself1  
!re is a t5d5cy to keep repeat+ !       
already le>nt lesson r ?an break new    
gr\nd4 ,at s*ool ,i began ) a fairly    
complete k ( ,lat9 gramm> 9 ! *ildi%    
s5se ( be+ able to repeat all !         
p>adigms2 & ,i 0 kept at ?is1 or r kept 
9 a class :]e ! ma/] nev] ask$ me to d x
 because he knew ,i c\ld1 & !re=e devot$
 himself to trapp+ ! boys :o c\ld n1    
until ,i f9ally =got mo/ ( x4 ,b :5     
progress took place1 :at did x mean8    
,fir/ x meant ,caes>1 ) ! =ekn[l$ge t to
 ma/] ,caes> meant only be+ set at      
,virgil1 ) ! culm9at+ horror ( ,greek & 
,hom] 9 res]ve at ! end ( t4 ,i pref]r$ 
,caes>1 because 8 /atem5t t ,gaul is    
divid$ into ?ree p>ts1 ?\gh nei!r       

int]e/+ nor true1 0 ! only ,lat9 s5t5ce 
,i c\ld translate at sight3 !re=e !     
long] we /uck at ,caes> ! bett] ,i 0    
pleas$4 ,j s d less classically educat$ 
*ildr5 see no?+ 9 ! ma/]y ( addition b !
 beg9n+ ( subtraction1 & s on ?r\gh     
multiplication & division & fractions1 )
 ! black cl\d ( algebra on ! horizon4 ,&
 if a boy ru%es ?r\gh all t1 !re is     
always ! calculus to fall back on1      
unless inde$ y insi/ on 8 le>n+ music1 &
 proce$ to hit him if he _c tell y ! ye>
 ,bee?ov5 0 born4  ,a *ild has a "r to  
f9ality z reg>ds its compulsory lessons4
 ,also z reg>ds physical tra9+4 ,at     
pres5t x is assum$ t ! s*oolma/] has a  
"r to =ce e *ild into an attempt to     
become ,porson & ,b5tley1 ,leibnitz &   
,newton1 all roll$ into "o4 ,?is is !   
tradition ( ! olde/ gramm> s*ools4 ,9   
our times an ev5 m horrible & cynical   
claim has be5 made = ! "r to drive boys 
?r\gh compulsory games 9 ! play+ fields 
until !y are too mu* exhau/$ physically 
to d any?+ b drop (f to sleep4 ,?is is  

suppos$ to protect !m f vice2 b z x also
 protects !m f poetry1 lit]ature1 music1
 m$itation & pray]1 x may be dismiss$ ) 
! obvi\s rem>k t if bo>d+ s*ools are    
places ^: keep]s are driv5 to su*       
mon/r\s measures le/ m abom9able ?+s    
%\ld happ51 !n ! soon] bo>d+ s*ools are 
viol5tly aboli%$ ! bett]4 ,x is true t  
society may make physical claims on !   
*ild z well z m5tal ones3 ! *ild mu/    
le>n to walk1 to use a knife & =k1 to   
swim1 to ride a bicycle1 to acquire     
suffici5t p[] ( self-def5ce to make an  
attack on x an ardu\s & unc]ta9         
ent]prise1 p]haps to fly4 ,:at z a matt]
 ( common-s5se x cle>ly has n a "r to d 
is to make ?is an excuse = keep+ ! *ild 
slav+ = t5 h\rs at physical ex]cises on 
! gr\nd t x is n yet z dext]\s z        
,c9quevalli & z /rong z ,s&[4     ,!    
,rew>ds & ,risks ( ,k  ,9 a ^w1 we h no 
"r to insi/ on educat+ a *ild2 = its    
education c end only ) its life & w n   
ev5 !n be complete4 ,compulsory         
completion ( education is ! la/ folly ( 

a rott5 & desp]ate civilization4 ,x is !
 rattle 9 its ?roat be=e dissolution4   
,all we c fairly d is to prescribe c]ta9
 def9ite acquirem5ts & accompli%m5ts z  
qualifications = c]ta9 employm5ts2 & to 
secure !m1 n by ! ridicul\s me?od (     
inflict+ injuries on ! p]sons :o h n yet
 ma/]$ !m1 b by atta*+ c]ta9 privileges 
7n pecuni>y7 to ! employm5ts4  ,mo/     
acquirem5ts c>ry _! own privileges ) !m4
 ,?us a baby has to be pretty closely   
gu>d$ & imprison$ because x _c take c>e 
( itself4 ,x has ev5 to be c>ri$ ab\t 7!
 mo/ complete conceivable infr+em5t (   
its lib]ty7 until x c walk4 ,b nobody   
goes on c>ry+ *ildr5 aft] !y c walk le/ 
!y %\ld walk into mis*ief1 ?\gh ,arab   
boys make _! si/]s c>ry !m1 z our own   
spoil$ *ildr5 sometimes make _! nurses1 
out ( m]e laz9ess1 because si/]s 9 !    
,ea/ & nurses 9 ! ,we/ are kept 9       
s]vitude4 ,b 9 a society ( equals 7!    
only reasonable & p]man5tly possible    
sort ( society7 *ildr5 are 9 mu* great] 
dang] ( acquir+ b&y legs ?r\gh be+ left 

to walk be=e !y are /rong en\gh ?an (   
be+ c>ri$ :5 !y are well able to walk4  
,anyh[1 fre$om ( movem5t 9 a nurs]y is !
 rew>d ( le>n+ to walk2 & 9 precisely ! 
same way fre$om ( movem5t 9 a city is ! 
rew>d ( le>n+ h[ to read public notices1
 & to c\nt & use money4 ,! consequ5ces  
are ( c\rse mu* l>g] ?an ! m]e ability  
to read ! "n ( a /reet or ! numb] ( a   
railway plat=m & ! de/9ation ( a tra94  
,:5 y enable a *ild to read ^!1 y also  
enable x to read ?is preface1 to ! utt] 
de/ruction1 y may q possibly ?9k1 ( its 
morals & docility4 ,y also expose x to !
 dang] ( be+ run ov] by taxicabs &      
tra9s4 ,! moral & physical risks (      
education are enorm\s3 e new p[] a *ild 
acquires1 f speak+1 walk+1 & co-ord9at+ 
its vision1 to conqu]+ cont95ts & f\nd+ 
religions1 op5s up imm5se new           
possibilities ( mis*ief4 ,tea* a *ild to
 write & y tea* x h[ to =ge3 tea* x to  
speak & y tea* x h[ to lie3 tea* x to   
walk & y tea* x h[ to kick its "m to    
dea?4  ,! great problem ( slav]y = ^? ^:

 aim is to ma9ta9 x is ! problem (      
reconcil+ ! effici5cy ( ! slave ) !     
helplessness t keeps him 9 s]vitude2 &  
?is problem is =tunately n completely   
soluble2 = x is n 9 fact f\nd possible =
 a duke to treat 8 solicitor or 8 doctor
 z he treats 8 labor]s1 ?\gh !y are all 
equally 8 slaves3 ! labor] be+ 9 fact   
less dep5d5t on 8 favor ?an !           
pr(essional man4 ,h5ce x is t m5 come to
 res5t1 ( all ?+s1 protection1 because x
 s (t5 means re/riction ( _! lib]ty le/ 
!y %\ld make a bad use ( x4 ,if !re are 
dang]\s precipices ab\t1 x is mu* easi] 
& *eap] to =bid p to walk ne> ! edge ?an
 to put up an effective f5ce3 t is :y   
bo? legislators & p>5ts & ! paid        
deputies ( p>5ts are always inhibit+ &  
prohibit+ & puni%+ & scold+ & lam+ &    
cramp+ & delay+ progress & gr[? in/ead (
 mak+ ! dang]\s places z safe z possible
 & !n boldly tak+ & all[+ o!rs to take !
 irr$ucible m9imum ( risk4     ,engli%  
,physical ,h>dihood & ,spiritual        
,c[>dice  ,x is easi] to conv]t mo/ p to

 ! ne$ = all[+ _! *ildr5 to run physical
 risks ?an moral ones4 ,i c rememb] a   
relative ( m9e :o1 :5 ,i 0 a small *ild1
 unus$ to horses & v mu* afraid ( !m1   
insi/$ on putt+ me on a r rumbu/i\s pony
 ) little spurs on my heels 7kn[+ t 9 my
 agitation ,i w\ld use !m unconsci\sly71
 & be+ enorm\sly amus$ at my t]rors4    
,yet :5 t same lady discov]$ t ,i _h    
f\nd a copy ( ,! ,arabian ,nights & 0   
dev\r+ x ) avidity1 %e 0 horrifi$1 & hid
 x away f me le/ x %\ld break my s\l z !
 pony might h brok5 my neck4 ,?is way ( 
produc+ h>dy bodies & timid s\ls is s   
common 9 c\ntry h\ses t y may sp5d h\rs 
9 !m li/5+ to /ories ( brok5 coll>      
bones1 brok5 backs1 & brok5 necks )\t   
com+ ^u a s+le spiritual adv5ture or d>+
 ?\ght4  ,b :e!r ! risks to :i* lib]ty  
exposes u are moral or physical our "r  
to lib]ty involves ! "r to run !m4 ,a   
man :o is n free to risk 8 neck z an    
aviator or 8 s\l z a h]etic is n free at
 all2 & ! "r to lib]ty beg9s1 n at ! age
 ( #ba ye>s b ( #ba seconds4     ,!     

,risks ( ,ignorance & ,weakness  ,!     
difficulty ) *ildr5 is t !y ne$         
protection f risks !y are too "y to     
und]/&1 & attacks !y c nei!r avoid nor  
resi/4 ,y may on academic gr\nds all[ a 
*ild to snat* gl[+ coals f ! fire once4 
,y w n d x twice4 ,! risks ( lib]ty we  
mu/ let ev]yone take2 b ! risks (       
ignorance & self-helplessness are ano!r 
matt]4 ,n only *ildr5 b adults ne$      
protection f !m4 ,at pres5t adults are  
(t5 expos$ to risks outside _! k or     
beyond _! compreh5sion or p[]s (        
resi/ance or =esight3 = example1 we h to
 look on e day at m>riages or f9ancial  
speculations t may involve f> worse     
consequ5ces ?an burnt f+]s4 ,& j z x is 
"p ( ! bus9ess ( adults to protect      
*ildr51 to fe$ !m1 clo! !m1 %elt] !m1 & 
%ift = !m 9 all sorts ( ways until !y   
are able to %ift = !mselves1 x is com+ m
 & m to be se5 t ?is is true n only ( ! 
relation betwe5 adults & *ildr51 b      
betwe5 adults & adults4 ,we %all n      
always look on indiff]5tly at fooli%    

m>riages & f9ancial speculations1 nor   
all[ dead m5 to control live communities
 by ridicul\s wills & liv+ heirs to     
squ&] & ru9 great e/ates1 nor tol]ate a 
hundr$ o!r absurd lib]ties t we all[    
today because we are too lazy to f9d out
 ! prop] way to int]f]e4 ,b ! int]f]5ce 
mu/ be regulat$ by "s !ory ( !          
individual's rights4 ,?\gh ! "r to live 
is absolute1 x is n unconditional4 ,if a
 man is unbe>ably mis*iev\s1 he mu/ be  
kill$4 ,?is is a m]e matt] ( necessity1 
l ! kill+ ( a man-eat+ tig] 9 a nurs]y1 
a v5om\s snake 9 ! g>d51 or a fox 9 !   
p\ltry y>d4 ,no society c\ld be         
con/ruct$ on ! assumption t su*         
ext]m9ation is a violation ( !          
creature's "r to live1 & !re=e mu/ n be 
all[$4 ,& !n at once arises ! dang] into
 :i* morality has l$ u3 ! dang] (       
p]secution4 ,"o ,*ri/ian spread+ 8      
doctr9es may seem m mis*iev\s ?an a doz5
 ?ieves3 ?r[ him !re=e to ! lions4 ,a   
ly+ or disob$i5t *ild may corrupt a :ole
 g5]ation & make human ,society         

impossible3 !re=e ?ra% ! vice out ( him4
 ,& s on until our :ole sy/em (         
abortion1 intimidation1 tyranny1 cruelty
 & ! re/ is 9 full sw+ aga94     ,!     
,common ,s5se ( ,tol]ation  ,! real     
safegu>d aga9/ ?is is ! dogma (         
,tol]ation4 ,i ne$ n "h repeat ! compact
 treatise on x :i* ,i prep>$ = ! ,jo9t  
,committee on ! ,c5sor%ip ( ,/age       
,plays1 & prefix$ to ,! ,%ew+ ,up (     
,blanco ,posnet4 ,x mu/ suffice n[ to   
say t ! pres5t mu/ n attempt to         
s*oolma/] ! future by pret5d+ to "k good
 f evil 9 t5d5cy1 or protect citiz5s    
aga9/ %ocks to _! op9ions & convictions1
 moral1 political or religi\s3 9 o!r    
words x mu/ n p]secute doctr9es ( any   
k9d1 or :at is call$ bad ta/e1 & mu/    
insi/ on all p]sons fac+ su* %ocks z !y 
face fro/y wea!r or any ( ! o!r         
disagreeable1 dang]\s1 or brac+ incid5ts
 ( fre$om4 ,! exp$i5cy ( ,tol]ation has 
be5 =c$ on u by ! fact t progressive    
enlight5m5t dep5ds on a fair he>+ =     
doctr9es :i* at fir/ appe> s$iti\s1     

blasphem\s1 & immoral1 & :i* deeply %ock
 p :o nev] ?9k orig9ally1 ?\ght be+ ) !m
 m]ely a habit & an e*o4 ,! deep] gr\nd 
= ,tol]ation is ! nature ( creation1    
:i*1 z we n[ "k1 proce$s by evolution4  
,evolution f9ds its way by exp]im5t2 &  
?is f9d+ ( ! way v>ies accord+ to ! /age
 ( developm5t rea*$1 f ! bl9de/ grop+   
along ! l9e ( lea/ resi/ance to         
intellectual speculation1 ) its         
practical sequel ( hypo!sis & exp]im5tal
 v]ification2 or to obs]vation1         
induction1 & d$uction2 or ev5 into s    
rapid & intuitive an integration ( all  
^! processes 9 a s+le bra9 t we get !   
inspir$ guess ( ! man ( g5ius & !       
desp]ate resolution ( ! tea*] ( new     
tru?s :o is fir/ sla9 z a blasphem\s    
apo/ate & !n wor%ipp$ z a prophet4  ,"h 
! law = ! *ild is ! same z = ! adult4 ,!
 high prie/ mu/ n r5d 8 g>m5ts & cry    
,crucify him :5 he is %ock$3 ! a!i/ mu/ 
n clamor = ! suppression ( ,law's ,s]i\s
 ,call because x has = two c5turies     
de/roy$ ! natural happ9ess ( innum]able 

un=tunate *ildr5 by p]suad+ _! p>5ts t x
 is _! religi\s duty to be mis]able4 ,x1
 & ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt1 & ,ma*iavelli's 
,pr9ce1 & ,la ,ro*ef\cauld's maxims1 &  
,hymns ,anci5t & ,mod]n1 & ,de          
,glanville's apologue1 & ,dr4 ,watts's  
rhymes1 & ,nietzs*e's ,gay ,sci5ce1 &   
,+]soll's ,mi/akes ( ,moses1 & ! spee*es
 & pamphlets ( ! p :o want u to make w> 
on ,g]many1 & ! ,noodle's ,orations &   
articles ( our politicians & j\rnali/s1 
mu/ all be tol]at$ n only because any ( 
!m may = all we "k be on ! "r track b   
because x is 9 ! conflict ( op9ion t we 
w9 k & wisdom4 ,h[ev] t]rible ! w\nds   
suff]$ 9 t conflict1 !y are bett] ?an ! 
b>r5 peace ( dea? t foll[s :5 all !     
combatants are slaught]$ or b\nd h& &   
foot4  ,! difficulty at pres5t is t ?\gh
 ?is necessity = ,tol]ation is a law (  
political sci5ce z well e/abli%$ z ! law
 ( gravitation1 our rul]s are nev]      
taught political sci5ce3 on ! contr>y1  
!y are taught 9 s*ool t ! ma/] tol]ates 
no?+ t is disagreeable to him2 t rul+ is

 simply be+ ma/]2 & t ! ma/]'s me?od is 
! me?od ( viol5t puni%m5t4 ,& our       
citiz5s1 all s*ool taught1 are walk+ 9 !
 same d>kness4 ,z ,i write ^! l9es !    
,home ,secret>y is expla9+ t a man :o   
has be5 imprison$ = blasphemy mu/ n be  
releas$ because 8 rem>ks 7 pa9ful to !  
feel+s ( 8 pi\s fell[ t[nsm54 ,n[ x     
happ5s t ?is v ,home ,secret>y has driv5
 _m ?\s&s ( 8 fell[ citiz5s almo/ beside
 !mselves by ! crudity ( 8 notions (    
gov]nm5t1 & 8 simple inability to und]/&
 :y he %\ld n use & make laws to torm5t 
& subdue p :o d n happ5 to agree ) him4 
,9 a ^w1 he is n a politician1 b a      
gr[n-up s*oolboy :o has at la/ got a    
cane 9 8 h&4 ,& z all ! re/ ( u are 9 ! 
same condition 7except z to comm& ( !   
cane7 ! only objection made to 8        
proce$+s takes ! %ape ( clamor\s dem&s t
 he %\ld be can$ in/ead ( be+ all[$ to  
cane o!r p4     ,! ,s9 ( ,a?anasius  ,x 
seems hopeless4 ,an>*i/s are tempt$ to  
prea* a viol5t & implacable resi/ance to
 all law z ! only rem$y2 & ! result ( t 

spe$ily is t p welcome any tyranny t w  
rescue !m f *aos4 ,b !re is really no   
ne$ to *oose betwe5 an>*y & tyranny4 ,a 
q reasonable /ate ( ?+s is practicable  
if we proce$ on human assumptions & n on
 academic ones4 ,if adults w frankly    
give up _! claim to "k bett] ?an *ildr5 
:at ! purposes ( ! ,life ,=ce are1 &    
treat ! *ild z an exp]im5t l !mselves1 &
 possibly a m successful "o1 & at ! same
 "t rel9qui% _! mon/r\s p>5tal claims to
 p]sonal private prop]ty 9 *ildr51 ! re/
 mu/ be left to common s5se4 ,x is our  
attitude1 our religion1 t is wrong4 ,a  
good beg9n+ might be made by enact+ t   
any p]son dictat+ a piece ( conduct to a
 *ild or to anyone else z ! w ( ,god1 or
 z absolutely "r1 %\ld be dealt ) z a   
blasphem]3 z1 inde$1 guilty ( !         
unp>donable s9 aga9/ ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,if 
! p5alty 7 dea?1 x w\ld rid u at once ( 
t sc\rge ( humanity1 ! amateur ,pope4 ,z
 an ,iri% ,prote/ant1 ,i raise ! cry (  
,no ,pop]y ) h]$it>y ze/4 ,we are ov]run
 ) ,popes4 ,f curates & gov]nesses1 :o  

may claim a sort ( pr(essional /&+1 to  
p>5ts & uncles & nurs]ymaids & s*ool    
tea*]s & wiseacres g5]ally1 !re are     
scores ( ?\s&s ( human insects grop+    
?r\gh our d>kness by ! feeble           
phosphoresc5ce ( _! own tails1 yet ready
 at a mom5t's notice to reveal ! w (    
,god on e possible subject2 to expla9 h[
 & :y ! univ]se 0 made 79 my y\? !y add$
 ! exact date7 & ! circum/ances "u :i* x
 w cease to exi/2 to lay d[n precise    
rules ( "r & wrong conduct2 to          
discrim9ate infallibly betwe5 virtu\s & 
vici\s "*2 & all ?is ) su* c]ta9ty t !y 
are prep>$ to visit all ! rigors ( !    
law1 & all ! ru9\s p5alties ( social    
o/racism on p1 h[ev] h>mless _! actions 
maybe :o v5ture to laugh at _! mon/r\s  
conceit or to pay _! assumptions !      
extravagant complim5t ( criticiz+ !m4 ,z
 to *ildr51 :o %all say :at can+s &     
bir*+s & t]rify+s & ?reats ( hell fire &
 impositions & humiliations & petty     
imprison+s & s5d+s to b$ & /&+ 9 corn]s 
& ! l !y h suff]$ because _! p>5ts &    

gu>dians & tea*]s knew ev]y?+ s mu*     
bett] ?an ,socrates or ,solon8  ,x is   
?is ignorant uppi%ness t does ! mis*ief4
 ,a /rang] on ! planet might expect t   
its grotesque absurdity w\ld provoke    
en\gh ridicule to cure x2 b un=tunately 
q ! contr>y happ5s4 ,j z our ill heal?  
deliv]s u into ! h&s ( m$ical quacks &  
creates a passionate dem& = impud5t     
pret5ces t doctors c cure ! diseases !y 
!mselves die ( daily1 s our ignorance & 
helplessness set u clamor+ = spiritual &
 moral quacks :o pret5d t !y c save our 
s\ls f _! own damnation4 ,if a doctor 7 
to say to 8 pati5ts1 ,i am famili> ) y\r
 symptoms1 because ,i h se5 o!r p 9 y\r 
condition2 & ,i w br+ ! v little k we h 
to y\r treatm5t2 b except 9 t v %all[   
s5se ,i dont "k :at is ! matt] ) y2 & ,i
 cant und]take to cure y1 he w\ld be a  
lo/ man pr(essionally2 & if a cl]gyman1 
on be+ call$ on to aw>d a prize = good  
conduct 9 ! village s*ool1 7 to say1 ,i 
am afraid ,i _c say :o is ! be/-behav$  
*ild1 because ,i really d n "k :at good 

conduct is2 b ,i w gladly take ! tea*]'s
 ^w z to :i* *ild has caus$ lea/        
inconv5i5ce1 he w\ld probably be        
unfrock$1 if n excommunicat$4 ,& yet no 
hone/ & intellectually capable doctor or
 p>son c say m4 ,cle>ly x w\ld n be wise
 ( ! doctor to say x1 because optimi/ic 
lies h su* imm5se !rapeutic value t a   
doctor :o _c tell !m conv9c+ly has      
mi/ak5 8 pr(ession4 ,& a cl]gyman :o is 
n prep>$ to lay d[n ! law dogmatically w
 n be ( mu* use 9 a village s*ool1 ?\gh 
x behoves him all ! m to be v c>eful :at
 law he lays d[n4 ,b unless bo? !       
cl]gyman & ! doctor are 9 ! attitude    
express$ by ^! spee*es !y are n fit = _!
 "w4 ,! man :o believes t he has m ?an a
 provisional hypo!sis to g ^u is a born 
fool4 ,he may h to act vigor\sly on x4  
,! _w has no use = ! ,agno/ic :o wont   
believe any?+ because any?+ might be    
false1 & wont d5y any?+ because any?+   
might be true4 ,b !re is a wide diff]5ce
 betwe5 say+1 ,i believe ?is2 & ,i am   
go+ to act on x1 or1 ,i dont believe x2 

& ,i wont act on x1 & say+1 ,x is true2 
& x is my duty & y\rs to act on x1 or1  
,x is false2 & x is my duty & y\rs to   
refuse to act on x4 ,! diff]5ce is z    
great z t betwe5 ! ,apo/les' ,cre$ & !  
,a?anasian ,cre$4 ,:5 y repeat !        
,apo/les' ,cre$ y affirm t y believe    
c]ta9 ?+s4 ,!re y are cle>ly )9 y\r     
rights4 ,:5 y repeat ! ,a?anasian ,cre$1
 y affirm t c]ta9 ?+s are s1 & t anybody
 :o d\bts t !y are s _c be sav$4 ,& ?is 
is simply a piece ( impud5ce on y\r "p1 
z y "k no?+ ab\t x except t z good m5 z 
y h nev] he>d ( y\r cre$4 ,! apo/olic   
attitude is a desire to conv]t o!rs to  
our beliefs = ! sake ( sympa?y & light3 
! ,a?anasian attitude is a desire to    
murd] p :o dont agree ) u4 ,i am        
suffici5t ( an ,a?anasian to advocate a 
law = ! spe$y execution ( all           
,a?anasians1 because !y violate !       
fundam5tal proposition ( my cre$1 :i*   
is1 ,i repeat1 t all liv+ creatures are 
exp]im5ts4 ,! precise =mula = !         
,sup]man1 ci-devant ,! ,j ,man ,made    

,p]fect1 has n yet be5 discov]$4 ,until 
x is1 e bir? is an exp]im5t 9 ! ,great  
,rese>* :i* is be+ conduct$ by ! ,life  
,=ce to discov] t =mula4     ,!         
,exp]im5t ,exp]im5t+  ,& n[ all ! mod]n 
s*oolma/] abortioni/s w rise up beam+1 &
 say1 ,we q agree4 ,we reg>d e *ild 9   
our s*ool z a subject = exp]im5t4 ,we   
are always exp]im5t+ ) !m4 ,we *all5ge !
 exp]im5tal te/ = our sy/em4 ,we are    
cont9ually guid$ by our exp]i5ce 9 our  
great "w ( m\ld+ ! "* ( our future      
citiz5s1 etc4 etc4 etc4 ,i am sorry to  
seem irreconcilable2 b x is ! ,life ,=ce
 t has to make ! exp]im5t & n !         
s*oolma/]2 & ! ,life ,=ce = ! *ild's    
purpose is 9 ! *ild & n 9 ! s*oolma/]4  
,! s*oolma/] is ano!r exp]im5t2 & a     
laboratory 9 :i* all ! exp]im5ts began  
exp]im5t+ on "o ano!r w\ld n produce    
intelligible results4 ,i admit1 h[ev]1 t
 if my s*oolma/]s _h treat$ me z an     
exp]im5t ( ! ,life ,=ce3 t is1 if !y _h 
set me free to d z ,i lik$ subject only 
to my political rights & !irs1 !y c\ld n

 h wat*$ ! exp]im5t v long1 because !   
fir/ result w\ld h be5 a rapid movem5t  
on my "p 9 ! direction ( ! door1 & my   
disappe>ance !re-?r\gh4  ,x may be wor? 
inquir+ :]e ,i %\ld h gone to4 ,i %\ld  
say t practically e "t ,i %\ld h gone to
 a mu* m educational place4 ,i %\ld h   
gone into ! c\ntry1 or into ! sea1 or   
into ! ,national ,gall]y1 or to he> a b&
 if !re 0 "o1 or to any libr>y :]e !re 7
 no s*oolbooks4 ,i %\ld h read v dry &  
difficult books3 = example1 ?\gh no?+   
w\ld h induc$ me to read ! budget (     
/upid p>ty lies t s]v$ z a text-book (  
hi/ory 9 s*ool1 ,i rememb] read+        
,rob]tson's ,*>les ,v4 & 8 hi/ory (     
,scotl& f end to end mo/ labori\sly4    
,once1 /ung by ! airs ( a s*oolfell[ :o 
alleg$ t he _h read ,locke ,on ,! ,human
 ,und]/&+1 ,i attempt$ to read ! ,bible 
/raight ?r\gh1 & actually got to !      
,paul9e ,epi/les be=e ,i broke d[n 9    
disgu/ at :at seem$ to me _! invet]ate  
crook$ness ( m9d4 ,if !re _h be5 a s*ool
 :]e *ildr5 7 really free1 ,i %\ld h _h 

to be driv5 out ( x = ! sake ( my heal? 
by ! tea*]s2 = ! *ildr5 to :om a lit]>y 
education c be ( any use are insatiable3
 !y w read & /udy f> m ?an is good = !m4
 ,9 fact ! real difficulty is to prev5t 
!m f wa/+ _! "t by read+ = ! sake (     
read+ & /udy+ = ! sake ( /udy+1 in/ead (
 tak+ "s tr\ble to f9d out :at !y really
 l & are capable ( do+ "s good at4 ,"s  
silly p]son w probably int]rupt me "h ) 
! rem>k t _m *ildr5 h no appetite = a   
lit]>y education at all1 & w\ld nev] op5
 a book if !y 7 n =c$ to4 ,i h kn[n _m  
su* p]sons :o h be5 =c$ to ! po9t (     
obta9+ ,univ]sity degrees4 ,& = all !   
effect _! lit]>y ex]cises has left on !m
 !y might j z well h be5 put on !       
treadmill4 ,9 fact !y are actually less 
lit]ate ?an ! treadmill w\ld h left !m2 
= !y might by *ance h pick$ up & dipp$  
into a volume ( ,%akespe> or a          
translation ( ,hom] if !y _h n be5 driv5
 to loa! e fam\s "n 9 lit]ature4 ,i %\ld
 probably "k z mu* ,lat9 z ,fr5*1 if    
,lat9 _h n be5 made ! excuse = my s*ool 

imprisonm5t & degradation4     ,:y ,we  
,loa! ,le>n+ & ,love ,sport  ,if we are 
to discuss ! importance ( art1 le>n+1 & 
intellectual culture1 ! fir/ ?+ we h to 
recognize is t we h v little ( !m at    
pres5t2 & t ?is little has n be5 produc$
 by compulsory education3 nay1 t !      
sc>city is unnatural & has be5 produc$  
by ! viol5t exclusion ( art & arti/s f  
s*ools4 ,on ! o!r h& we h q a           
consid]able degree ( bodily culture3    
inde$ !re is a cont9ual outcry aga9/ !  
sacrifice ( m5tal accompli%m5ts to      
a?letics4 ,9 o!r words a sacrifice ( !  
pr(ess$ object ( compulsory education to
 ! real object ( volunt>y education4 ,x 
is assum$ t ?is means t p pref] bodily  
to m5tal culture2 b may x n mean t !y   
pref] lib]ty & satisfaction to co]cion &
 privation4 ,:y is x t p :o h be5 taught
 ,%akespe> z a s*ool subject loa! 8     
plays & _c by any means be p]suad$ ev]  
to op5 8 works aft] !y escape f s*ool1  
:]eas !re is /ill1 #cjj ye>s aft] 8     
dea?1 a wide & /eady sale = 8 works to p

 :o read 8 plays z plays1 & n z task "w8
 ,if ,%akespe>1 or = t matt]1 ,newton & 
,leibnitz1 are all[$ to f9d _! read]s & 
/ud5ts !y w f9d !m4 ,if _! works are    
annotat$ & p>aphras$ by dull>ds1 & !    
annotations & p>aphrases =c$ on all "y p
 by imprisonm5t & flogg+ & scold+1 !re w
 n be a s+le man ( lett]s or high]      
ma!matician ! m 9 ! c\ntry3 on ! contr>y
 !re w be less1 z s _m pot5tial lov]s ( 
lit]ature & ma!matics w h be5 incurably 
prejudic$ aga9/ !m4 ,ev]yone :o is      
conv]sant ) ! class 9 :i* *ild          
imprisonm5t & compulsory s*ool+ is c>ri$
 out to ! f9al extremity ( ! univ]sity  
degree kn[s t its s*ola/ic culture is a 
%am2 t x kn[s little ab\t lit]ature or  
art & a great deal ab\t po9t-to-po9t    
races2 & t ! village cobbl]1 :o has nev]
 read a page ( ,plato1 & is admitt$ly a 
dang]\sly ignorant man politically1 is  
nev]!less a ,socrates comp>$ to !       
classically educat$ g5tlem5 :o discuss  
politics 9 c\ntry h\ses at election "t  
7& at no o!r "t7 aft] _! day's e>ne/ &  

skilful %oot+4 ,?9k ( ! ye>s & ye>s (   
we>y torm5t ! wom5 ( ! piano-possess+   
class h be5 =c$ to sp5d ov] ! keybo>d1  
f+]+ scales4 ,h[ _m ( !m c\ld be brib$  
to att5d a pian(orte recital by a great 
play]1 ?\gh !y w rise f sick b$s r ?an  
miss ,ascot or ,goodwood8  ,ano!r       
famili> fact t tea*es ! same lesson is t
 _m wom5 :o h volunt>ily atta9$ a high  
degree ( culture _c add up _! own       
h\sekeep+ books1 ?\gh _! education 9    
simple ari?metic 0 compulsory1 :]eas _! 
high] education has be5 :olly volunt>y4 
,ev]y:]e we f9d ! same result4 ,!       
imprisonm5t1 ! beat+1 ! tam+ & lam+1 !  
break+ ( "y spirits1 ! arre/ (          
developm5t1 ! atrophy ( all inhibitive  
p[] except ! p[] ( fe>1 are real3 !     
education is %am4 ,^? :o h be5 taught   
mo/ "k lea/4     ,anti*ri/  ,among !    
wor/ effects ( ! unnatural segregation (
 *ildr5 9 s*ools & ! equally unnatural  
con/ant association ( !m ) adults 9 !   
family is ! utt] defeat ( ! vital elem5t
 9 ,*ri/ianity4 ,*ri/ /&s 9 ! _w = t    

intuition ( ! highe/ humanity t we1 be+ 
memb]s "o ( ano!r1 mu/ n compla91 mu/ n 
scold1 mu/ n /rike1 nor revile nor      
p]secute nor rev5ge nor puni%4 ,n[      
family life & s*ool life are1 z f> z !  
moral tra9+ ( *ildr5 is conc]n$1 no?+ b 
! delib]ate inculcation ( a r\t9e (     
compla9t1 scold+1 puni%m5t1 p]secution1 
& rev5ge z ! natural & only possible way
 ( deal+ ) evil or inconv5i5ce4 ,a9t    
nobody to be :opp$ = ?is "h8 exclaim$   
,sam ,well] :5 he saw 8 employ]'s "n    
writt5 up on a /age coa*1 & conceiv$ !  
ph5om5on z an insult :i* reflect$ on    
himself4 ,?is exclamation ( ,sam ,well] 
is at once ! negation ( ,*ri/ianity & ! 
beg9n+ & ! end ( curr5t morality2 & s x 
w rema9 z long z ! family & ! s*ool     
p]si/ z we "k !m3 t is1 z long z !      
rights ( *ildr5 are s utt]ly d5i$ t     
nobody w ev5 take ! tr\ble to asc]ta9   
:at !y are1 & com+ ( age is l ! turn+ ( 
a convict into ! /reet aft] tw5ty-"o    
ye>s p5al s]vitude4 ,inde$ x is worse2 =
 ! convict may h le>nt be=e 8 conviction

 h[ to live 9 fre$om & may rememb] h[ to
 set ab\t x1 h[ev] lam$ 8 p[]s ( fre$om 
may h become ?r\gh disuse2 b ! *ild kn[s
 no o!r way ( life b ! slave's way4     
,born free1 z ,r\sseau says1 he has be5 
laid h&s on by slaves f ! mom5t ( 8 bir?
 & br\ght up z a slave4 ,h[ is he1 :5 he
 is at la/ set free1 to be any?+ else   
?an ! slave he actually is1 clamor+ =   
w>1 = ! la%1 = police1 prisons1 &       
scaffolds 9 a wild panic ( delusion t   
)\t ^! ?+s he is lo/4 ,! gr[n-up        
,engli%man is to ! end ( 8 days a badly 
br\ght-up *ild1 beyond belief           
qu>relsome1 petulant1 selfi%1           
de/ructive1 & c[>dly3 afraid t ! ,g]mans
 w come & enslave him2 t ! burgl> w come
 & rob him2 t ! bicycle or motor c> w   
run ov] him2 t ! smallpox w attack him2 
& t ! devil w run away ) him & empty him
 out l a sack ( coals on a blaz+ fire   
unless 8 nurse or 8 p>5ts or 8 s*oolma/]
 or 8 bi%op or 8 judge or 8 army or 8   
navy w d some?+ to fright5 ^! bad ?+s   
away4 ,& ?is ,engli%man1 )\t ! moral    

c\rage ( a l\se1 w risk 8 neck = fun    
fifty times e w9t] 9 ! hunt+ field1 & at
 ,badajos sieges & ! l w ram 8 head into
 a hole bri/l+ ) sword blades r ?an be  
beat5 9 ! "o dep>tm5t 9 :i* he has be5  
br\ght up to consult 8 own honor4 ,z a  
,sportsman 7& w> is fundam5tally ! sport
 ( hunt+ & fight+ ! mo/ dang]\s ( !     
bea/s ( prey7 he feels free4 ,he w tell 
y himself t ! true sportsman is nev] a  
snob1 a c[>d1 a duff]1 a *eat1 a ?ief1  
or a li>4 ,curi\s1 is x n1 t he has n ! 
same confid5ce 9 o!r sorts ( man8  ,&   
ev5 sport is los+ its fre$om4 ,soon     
ev]ybody w be s*ool$1 m5tally &         
physically1 f ! cradle to ! end ( ! t]m 
( adult compulsory milit>y s]vice1 &    
f9ally ( compulsory civil s]vice la/+   
until ! age ( sup]annuation4 ,always m  
s*ool+1 m compulsion4 ,we are to be cur$
 by an excess ( ! dose t has poison$ u4 
,satan is to ca/ out ,satan4     ,"u !  
,:ip  ,cle>ly ?is w n d4 ,we mu/        
reconcile education ) lib]ty4 ,we mu/   
f9d out "s means ( mak+ m5 work]s &1 if 

ne$ be1 w>riors1 )\t mak+ !m slaves4 ,we
 mu/ cultivate ! noble virtues t h _!   
root 9 pride4 ,n[ no s*oolma/] w tea* ^!
 any m ?an a prison gov]nor w tea* 8    
prison]s h[ to mut9y & escape4          
,self-pres]vation =ces him to break ! _s
 t revolts aga9/ him1 & to inculcate    
submission1 ev5 to obsc5e assault1 z a  
duty4 ,a bi%op once _h ! h>dihood to say
 t he w\ld r see ,engl& free ?an ,engl& 
sob]4 ,nobody has yet d>$ to say t he   
w\ld r see an ,engl& ( ignoramuses ?an  
an ,engl& ( c[>ds & slaves4 ,& if anyone
 did1 x w\ld be necess>y to po9t out t !
 anti!sis is n a practical "o1 z we h   
got at pres5t an ,engl& ( ignoramuses :o
 are also c[>ds & slaves1 & extremely   
pr\d ( x at t1 because 9 s*ool !y are   
taught to submit1 ) :at !y ridicul\sly  
call ,ori5tal fatalism 7z if any        
,ori5tal has ev] submitt$ m helplessly &
 %eepi%ly to robb]y & oppression ?an we 
,occid5tals d71 to be driv5 day aft] day
 into comp\nds & set to ! tasks !y loa! 
by ! m5 !y hate & fe>1 z if ?is 7 !     

inevitable de/9y ( mank9d4 ,& naturally1
 :5 !y gr[ up1 !y helplessly ex*ange !  
prison ( ! s*ool = ! prison ( ! m9e or !
 work%op or ! (fice1 & drudge along     
/upidly & mis]ably1 ) j en\gh greg>i\s  
in/9ct to turn furi\sly on any          
intellig5t p]son :o proposes a *ange4 ,x
 w\ld be q easy to make ,engl& a        
p>adise1 accord+ to our pres5t ideas1 9 
a few ye>s4 ,!re is no my/]y ab\t x3 !  
way has be5 po9t$ out ov] & ov] aga94 ,!
 difficulty is n ! way b ! w4 ,& we h no
 w because ! fir/ ?+ done ) u 9 *ildhood
 0 to break our w4 ,c any?+ be m disgu/+
 ?an ! spectacle ( a nation read+ !     
biography ( ,glad/one & gloat+ ov] !    
acc\nt ( h[ he 0 flogg$ at ,eton1 two ( 
8 s*oolfell[s be+ compell$ to hold him  
d[n :il/ he 0 flogg$4 ,n long ago a     
public body 9 ,engl& _h to deal ) ! case
 ( a s*oolma/] :o1 conceiv+ himself     
insult$ by ! smok+ ( a cig>et aga9/ 8   
ord]s by a pupil eighte5 ye>s old1      
propos$ to flog him publicly z a        
satisfaction to :at he call$ 8 honor &  

au?ority4 ,i _h int5d$ to give !        
p>ticul>s ( ?is ease1 b f9d ! drudg]y ( 
repeat+ su* /uff too sick5+1 & ! effect 
unju/ to a man :o 0 do+ only :at o!rs   
all ov] ! c\ntry 7 do+ z "p ( ! e/abli%$
 r\t9e ( :at is call$ education4 ,!     
a/\nd+ "p ( x 0 ! mann] 9 :i* ! p]son to
 :om ?is outrage on dec5cy seem$ q prop]
 & natural claim$ to be a function>y (  
high "*1 & _h 8 claim all[$4 ,9 ,japan  
he w\ld h>dly h be5 all[$ ! privilege ( 
committ+ suicide4 ,:at is to be said ( a
 pr(ession 9 :i* su* obsc5ities are made
 po9ts ( honor1 or ( in/itutions 9 :i*  
!y are an accept$ "p ( ! daily r\t9e8   
,:olesome p w\ld n argue ab\t ! ta/e (  
su* na/9esses3 !y w\ld spit !m out2 b we
 are ta9t$ ) flagellomania f our        
*ildhood4 ,:5 w we realize t ! fact t we
 c become accu/om$ to any?+1 h[ev]      
disgu/+ at fir/1 makes x necess>y = u to
 exam9e c>efully ev]y?+ we h become     
accu/om$ to8 ,be=e motor c>s became     
common1 necessity _h accu/om$ u to a    
f\lness 9 our /reets :i* w\ld h horrifi$

 u _h ! /reet be5 our draw+-room c>pet4 
,be=e long we %all be z p>ticul> ab\t   
our /reets z we n[ are ab\t our c>pets2 
& _! condition 9 ! n9ete5? c5tury w     
become z =gott5 & incr$ible z !         
condition ( ! corridors ( palaces & !   
c\rts ( ca/les 0 z late z ! eighte5?    
c5tury4 ,?is f\lness1 we c plead1 0     
impos$ on u z a necessity by ! use (    
horses & ( huge ret9ues2 b flogg+ has   
nev] be5 s impos$3 x has always be5 a   
vice1 crav$ = on any pretext by ^?      
deprav$ by x4 ,boys 7 flogg$ :5 crim9als
 7 hang$1 to impress ! awful w>n+ on !m4
 ,boys 7 flogg$ at b\nd>ies1 to impress 
! b\nd>ies on _! memory4 ,o!r me?ods &  
o!r puni%m5ts 7 always available3 !     
*oice ( ?is "o betray$ ! s5sual impulse 
:i* makes ! practice an abom9ation4 ,b  
:5 its vici\sness made x cu/om>y1 x 0   
practis$ & tol]at$ on all h&s by p :o 7 
innoc5t ( any?+ worse ?an /upidity1 ill 
temp]1 & inability to discov] o!r me?ods
 ( ma9ta9+ ord] ?an ^? !y _h always se5 
practis$ & approv$ (4 ,f *ildr5 &       

animals x ext5d$ to slaves & crim9als4  
,9 ! days ( ,moses x 0 limit$ to #ci    
la%es4 ,9 ! e>ly n9ete5? c5tury x _h    
become an op5 madness3 soldi]s 7 s5t5c$ 
to a ?\s& la%es = trifl+ (f5ces1 ) !    
result 7among o!rs less m5tionable7 t ! 
,iron ,duke ( ,well+ton compla9$ t x 0  
impossible to get an ord] obey$ 9 !     
,briti% army except 9 two or ?ree crack 
regim5ts4 ,su* frantic excesses ( ?is   
disgu/+ neurosis provok$ a reaction     
aga9/ x2 b ! clamor = x by deprav$      
p]sons nev] ceas$1 & 0 tol]at$ by a     
nation tra9$ to x f *ildhood 9 ! s*ools 
until la/ ye> 7#aiac71 :5 9 :at mu/ be  
describ$ z a p>oxysm ( sexual excitem5t 
provok$ by ! agitation conc]n+ ! ,:ite  
,slave ,traffic 7! purely comm]cial     
nature ( :i* ,i 0 prev5t$ f expos+ on ! 
/age by ! ,c5sor%ip tw5ty ye>s ago7 !   
,gov]nm5t yield$ to an outcry =         
flagellation l$ by ! ,ar*bi%op (        
,cant]bury1 & pass$ an ,act "u :i* a    
judge c s5t5ce a man to be flogg$ to !  
utmo/ extremity ) any in/rum5t usable = 

su* a purpose t he c>es to prescribe4   
,su* an ,act is n a legislative ph5om5on
 b a psy*opa?ic "o4 ,its effect on !    
,:ite ,slave ,traffic 01 ( c\rse1 to    
di/ract public att5tion f its real cause
 & f ! p :o really pr(it by x to imag9>y
 =eign sc\ndrels1 & to secure a monopoly
 ( its organization = wom54  ,& all ?is 
evil is made possible by ! s*oolma/] ) 8
 cane & bir*1 by ! p>5ts gett+ rid z be/
 !y c ( ! nuisance ( *ildr5 mak+ noise &
 mis*ief 9 ! h\se1 & by ! d5ial to      
*ildr5 ( ! elem5t>y rights ( human be+s4
  ,! fir/ man :o enslav$ & broke 9 an   
animal ) a :ip w\ld h inv5t$ ! explosion
 eng9e in/ead c\ld he h =ese5 ! curse he
 0 lay+ on 8 race4 ,= m5 & wom5 le>nt   
!reby to enslave & break 9 _! *ildr5 by 
! same means4 ,^! *ildr51 gr[n up1 knew 
no o!r me?ods ( tra9+4 ,f9ally ! evil t 
0 done = ga9 by ! gre$y 0 ref9$ on &    
done = pleasure by ! lu/ful4 ,flogg+ has
 become a pleasure pur*asable 9 our     
/reets1 & inhibition a gr[n-up habit t  
*ildr5 play at4 ,g & see :at baby is    

do+2 & tell him he mu/nt is ! la/ ^w ( !
 nurs]y2 & ! grimme/ aspect ( x is t x 0
 fir/ =mulat$ by a comic pap] z a       
capital joke4     ,te*nical ,in/ruction 
,te*nical in/ruction tempts to viol5ce  
7z a %ort cut7 m ?an lib]al education4  
,! sailor 9 ,mr ,rudy>d ,kipl+'s        
,capta9s ,c\rage\s1 tea*+ ! boy ! names 
( ! %ip's tackle ) a rope's end1 does n 
disgu/ u z our s*oolma/]s d1 especially 
z ! boy 0 a spoil$ boy4 ,b an unspoil$  
boy w\ld n h ne$$ t dra/ic m$ic9e4      
,te*nical tra9+ may be z t$i\s z le>n+  
to skate or to play ! piano or viol92 b 
x is ! price "o mu/ pay to a*ieve c]ta9 
desirable results or necess>y ends4 ,x  
is a mon/r\s ?+ to =ce a *ild to le>n   
,lat9 or ,greek or ma!matics on ! gr\nd 
t !y are an indisp5sable gymna/ic = !   
m5tal p[]s4 ,x w\ld be mon/r\s ev5 if x 
7 true2 = !re is no labor t might n be  
impos$ on a *ild or an adult on ! same  
pretext2 b z a glance at ! av]age       
products ( our public s*ool & univ]sity 
education %ews t x is n true1 x ne$ n   

tr\ble u4 ,b x is a fact t ignorance (  
,lat9 & ,greek & ma!matics closes c]ta9 
c>e]s to m5 7,i d n mean artificial1    
unnecess>y1 noxi\s c>e]s l ^? ( !       
comm]cial s*oolma/]74 ,languages1 ev5   
dead ones1 h _! uses2 &1 z x seems to _m
 ( u1 ma!matics h _! uses4 ,!y w always 
be le>n$ by p :o want to le>n !m2 & p w 
always want to le>n !m z long z !y are (
 any importance 9 life3 inde$ ! want w  
survive _! importance3 sup]/ition is    
n[h]e /rong] ?an 9 ! field ( obsolete   
acquirem5ts4 ,& !y w nev] be le>nt      
fruitfully by p :o d n want to le>n !m  
ei!r = _! own sake or = use 9 necess>y  
"w4 ,!re is no h>d] s*oolma/] ?an       
exp]i5ce2 & yet exp]i5ce fails to tea*  
:]e !re is no desire to le>n4  ,/ill1 "o
 mu/ n beg9 to apply ?is g5]alization   
too e>ly4 ,& ?is br+s me to an important
 factor 9 ! case3 ! factor ( evolution4 
,docility & ,dep5d5ce  ,if anyone1      
impress$ by my view t ! rights ( a *ild 
are precisely ^? ( an adult1 proce$s to 
treat a *ild z if x 7 an adult1 he 7or  

%e7 w f9d t ?\gh ! plan w "w mu* bett]  
at "s po9ts ?an ! usual plan1 at o!rs x 
w n "w at all2 & ?is discov]y may       
provoke him to turn back f ! :ole       
conception ( *ildr5's rights ) a je/ at 
! exp5se ( ba*elors' & old maids'       
*ildr54 ,9 deal+ ) *ildr5 :at is ne$$ is
 n logic b s5se4 ,!re is no logical     
reason :y "y p]sons %\ld be all[$ great]
 control ( _! prop]ty ! day aft] !y are 
tw5ty-"o ?an ! day be=e x4 ,!re is no   
logical reason :y ,i1 :o /rongly object 
to an adult /&+ ov] a boy ( t5 ) a ,lat9
 gramm>1 & say+1 y mu/ le>n ?is1 :e!r y 
want to or n1 %\ld nev]!less be q prep>$
 to /& ov] a boy ( five ) !             
multiplication table or a copy book or a
 code ( elem5t>y good mann]s1 & practice
 on 8 docility to make him le>n !m4 ,&  
!re is no logical reason :y ,i %\ld d = 
a *ild a great _m little (fices1 "s ( !m
 tr\blesome & disagreeable1 :i* ,i %\ld 
n d = a boy twice its age1 or support a 
boy or girl :5 ,i w\ld unhesitat+ly ?r[ 
an adult on 8 own res\rces4 ,b !re are  

practical reasons1 & s5sible reasons1 & 
affectionate reasons = all ^!           
illogicalities4 ,*ildr5 d n want to be  
treat$ altoge!r z adults3 su* treatm5t  
t]rifies !m & ov]-burd5s !m )           
responsibility4 ,9 tru?1 v few adults   
c>e to be call$ on = indep5d5ce &       
orig9ality3 !y also are bewild]$ &      
t]rifi$ 9 ! abs5ce ( prec$5ts & precepts
 & comm&m5ts2 b mod]n ,democracy all[s  
!m a sanction+ & cancell+ p[] if !y are 
capable ( us+ x1 :i* *ildr5 are n4 ,to  
treat a *ild :olly z an adult w\ld be to
 mock & de/roy x4 ,infantile docility & 
juv5ile dep5d5ce are1 l dea?1 a product 
( ,natural ,selection2 & ?\gh !re is no 
vil] crime ?an to abuse !m1 yet !re is  
no great] cruelty ?an to ignore !m4 ,i h
 compla9$ suffici5tly ( :at ,i suff]$   
?r\gh ! process ( assault1 imprisonm5t1 
& compulsory lessons t taught me no?+1  
:i* are call$ my s*ool+4 ,b ,i c\ld say 
a good deal also ab\t ! ?+s ,i 0 n      
taught & %\ld h be5 taught1 n to m5tion 
! ?+s ,i 0 all[$ to d :i* ,i %\ld n h   

be5 all[$ to d4 ,i h no recollection (  
be+ taught to read or write2 s ,i       
presume ,i 0 born ) bo? faculties2 b _m 
p seem to h bitt] recollections ( be+   
=c$ reluctantly to acquire !m4 ,& ?\gh  
,i h ! utt]mo/ contempt = a tea*] s ill 
mann]$ & incompet5t z to be unable to   
make a *ild le>n to read & write )\t    
also mak+ x cry1 /ill ,i am prep>$ to   
admit t ,i _h r h be5 compell$ to le>n  
to read & write ) te>s by an incompet5t 
& ill mann]$ p]son ?an left 9 ignorance4
 ,read+1 writ+1 & en\gh ari?metic to use
 money hone/ly & accurately1 toge!r ) ! 
rudim5ts ( law & ord]1 become necess>y  
conditions ( a *ild's lib]ty be=e x c   
appreciate ! importance ( its lib]ty1 or
 =esee t ^! accompli%m5ts are wor?      
acquir+4 ,nature has provid$ = ?is by   
evolv+ ! in/9ct ( docility4 ,*ildr5 are 
v docile3 !y h a s\nd intuition t !y mu/
 d :at !y are told or p]i%4 ,& adults h 
an intuition1 equally s\nd1 t !y mu/    
take advantage ( ?is docility to tea*   
*ildr5 h[ to live prop]ly or ! *ildr5 w 

n survive4 ,! difficulty is to "k :]e to
 /op4 ,to illu/rate ?is1 let u consid] !
 ma9 dang] ( *ildi% docility & p>5tal   
(fici\sness4     ,! ,abuse ( ,docility  
,docility may survive z a lazy habit    
long aft] x has ceas$ to be a b5eficial 
in/9ct4 ,if y cat* a *ild :5 x is "y    
en\gh to be in/9ctively docile1 & keep x
 9 a condition ( unremitt$ tutelage "u !
 nurs]ymaid1 ! gov]ness1 ! prep>atory   
s*ool1 ! second>y s*ool1 & ! univ]sity1 
until x is an adult1 y w produce1 n a   
self-reliant1 free1 fully matur$ human  
be+1 b a gr[n-up s*oolboy or s*oolgirl1 
capable ( no?+ 9 ! way ( orig9al or     
indep5d5t action except outbur/s (      
naught9ess 9 ! wom5 & blackgu>dism 9 !  
m54 ,t is exactly :at we get at pres5t 9
 our ri* & consequ5tly gov]n+ classes3  
!y pass f juv5ility to s5ility )\t ev]  
t\*+ maturity except 9 body4 ,! classes 
:i* _c af=d ?is su/a9$ tutelage are     
notably m self-reliant & gr[n-up3 an    
(fice boy ( fifte5 is (t5 m ( a man ?an 
a univ]sity /ud5t ( tw5ty4 ,un=tunately 

?is precocity is disabl$ by pov]ty1     
ignorance1 n>r[ness1 & a hide\s p[] (   
liv+ )\t art or love or beauty & be+ r  
pr\d ( x4 ,! poor nev] escape f         
s]vitude3 _! docility is pres]v$ by _!  
slav]y4 ,& s all become ! prey ( !      
gre$y1 ! selfi%1 ! dom9e]+1 !           
unscrupul\s1 ! pr$atory4 ,if "h & !re an
 individual refuses to be docile1 t5    
docile p]sons w beat him or lock him up 
or %oot him or hang him at ! bidd+ ( 8  
oppressors & _! own4 ,! crux ( ! :ole   
difficulty ab\t p>5ts1 s*oolma/]s1      
prie/s1 absolute mon>*s1 & despots ( e  
sort1 is ! t5d5cy to abuse natural      
docility4 ,a nation %\ld always be      
heal?ily rebelli\s2 b ! k+ or prime     
m9i/] has yet to be f\nd :o w make      
tr\ble by cultivat+ t side ( ! national 
_s4 ,a *ild %\ld beg9 to ass]t itself   
e>ly1 & %ift = itself m & m n only 9    
wa%+ & dress+ itself1 b 9 op9ions &     
conduct2 yet z no?+ is s exasp]at+ & s  
unlovable z an uppi% *ild1 x is useless 
to expect p>5ts & s*oolma/]s to         

inculcate ?is uppi%ness4 ,su* unamiable 
precepts z ,always contradict an        
au?oritative /atem5t1 ,always return a  
bl[1 ,nev] lose a *ance ( a good fight1 
,:5 y are scold$ = a mi/ake ask ! p]son 
:o scolds y :e!r he or %e supposes y did
 x on purpose1 & foll[ ! "q ) a bl[ or  
an insult or "s o!r unmi/akable         
expression ( res5tm5t1 ,rememb] t !     
progress ( ! _w dep5ds on y\r kn[+ bett]
 ?an y\r eld]s1 are j z important z ^? (
 ,! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt2 b no "o has yet  
se5 !m writt5 up 9 lett]s ( gold 9 a    
s*oolroom or nurs]y4 ,! *ild is taught  
to be k9d1 to be respectful1 to be      
quiet1 n to answ] back1 to be tru?ful :5
 its eld]s want to f9d out any?+ f x1 to
 lie :5 ! tru? w\ld %ock or hurt its    
eld]s1 to be above all ?+s ob$i5t1 & to 
be se5 & n he>d4 ,"h we h two sets (    
precepts1 ea* w>rant$ to spoil a *ild   
hopelessly if ! o!r be omitt$4          
,un=tunately we d n all[ fair play      
betwe5 !m4 ,! rebelli\s1 intractable1   
aggressive1 selfi% set provoke a        

corrective resi/ance1 & d n pret5d to   
high moral or religi\s sanctions2 & !y  
are nev] urg$ by gr[n-up p on "y p4 ,!y 
are !re=e m 9 dang] ( neglect or        
suppression ?an ! o!r set1 :i* h all !  
adults1 all ! laws1 all ! religions on  
_! side4 ,h[ is ! *ild to be secur$ its 
due %>e ( bo? bodies ( doctr9e8     ,!  
,s*oolboy & ! ,homeboy  ,9 practice :at 
happ5s is t p>5ts notice t boys br\ght  
up at home become mollycoddles1 or      
prigs1 or duff]s1 unable to take c>e (  
!mselves4 ,!y see t boys %\ld le>n to   
r\gh x a little & to mix ) *ildr5 ( _!  
own age4 ,?is is natural en\gh4 ,:5 y h 
prea*$ at & puni%$ a boy until he is a  
moral cripple1 y are z mu* hamp]$ by him
 z by a physical cripple2 & z y d n     
int5d to h him on y\r h&s all y\r life1 
& are g5]ally r impati5t = ! day :5 he w
 e>n 8 own liv+ & leave y to att5d to   
y\rself1 y soon] or lat] beg9 to talk to
 him ab\t ! ne$ = self-reliance1 le>n+  
to ?9k1 & s =?1 ) ! result t y\r victim1
 bewild]$ by y\r inconsi/5cy1 concludes 

t !re is no use try+ to please y1 &     
falls into an attitude ( sulky res5tm5t4
 ,:i* is an additional inducem5t to pack
 him (f to s*ool4  ,9 s*ool1 he f9ds    
himself 9 a dual _w1 "u two             
disp5sations4 ,!re is ! _w ( ! boys1 :]e
 ! po9t ( honor is to be untameable1    
always ready to fight1 ru?less 9 tak+ ! 
conceit out ( anyone :o v5tures to give 
himself airs ( sup]ior k or ta/e1 &     
g5]ally to take ,lucif] = "o's model4 ,&
 !re is ! _w ( ! ma/]s1 ! _w (          
discipl9e1 submission1 dilig5ce1        
ob$i5ce1 & cont9ual & %ameless          
assumption ( moral & intellectual       
au?ority4 ,?us ! s*oolboy he>s bo?      
sides1 & is s f> bett] (f ?an ! homebr$ 
boy :o he>s only "o4 ,b ! two sides are 
n fairly pres5t$4 ,!y are pres5t$ z good
 & evil1 z vice & virtue1 z villa9y &   
h]oism4 ,! boy feels mean & c[>dly :5 he
 obeys1 & selfi% & rascally :5 he       
disobeys4 ,he looses 8 moral c\rage j z 
he comes to hate books & languages4 ,9 !
 end1 ,john ,rusk91 ti$ s close to 8    

"m's apron-/r+ t he did n escape ev5 :5 
he w5t to ,ox=d1 & ,john ,/u>t ,mill1 ^:
 fa!r ought to h be5 prosecut$ = lay+ 8 
son's *ildhood wa/e ) lessons1 7        
sup]ior1 z products ( tra9+1 to our     
s*oolboys4 ,!y 7 v conspicu\sly sup]ior 
9 moral c\rage2 & ?\gh !y did n di/+ui% 
!mselves at cricket & football1 !y _h q 
z mu* physical h>dihood z any civiliz$  
man ne$s4 ,b x is to be obs]v$ t        
,rusk9's p>5ts 7 wise p :o gave ,john a 
full %>e 9 _! own life1 & put up ) 8    
pres5ce bo? at home & abroad :5 !y mu/  
sometimes h be5 v we>y ( him2 & ,mill1 z
 x happ5s1 0 delib]ately educat$ to     
*all5ge all ! mo/ sacr$ in/itutions ( 8 
c\ntry4 ,! h\seholds !y 7 br\ght up 9 7 
no m av]age h\seholds ?an a ,montessori 
s*ool is an av]age s*ool4     ,! ,com+s 
( ,age ( ,*ildr5  ,all ?is inculcat$    
adult docility1 :i* wrecks e            
civilization z x is wreck+ ours1 is     
inhuman & unnatural4 ,we mu/ reconsid]  
our in/itution ( ! ,com+ ( ,age1 :i* is 
too late = "s purposes1 & too e>ly =    

o!rs4 ,!re %\ld be a s]ies ( ,com+ (    
,ages = e individual4 ,! mammals h _!   
fir/ com+ ( age :5 !y are wean$2 & x is 
notewor?y t ?is r cruel & selfi%        
op]ation on ! "p ( ! p>5t has to be     
p]=m$ resolutely1 ) claws & tee?2 = y\r 
little mammal does n want to be wean$1 &
 yields only to a pretty r\gh ass]tion (
 ! "r ( ! p>5t to be reliev$ ( ! *ild z 
soon z ! *ild is old en\gh to be> !     
sep>ation4 ,! same ?+ occurs ) *ildr53  
!y hang on to ! "m's apron-/r+ & !      
fa!r's coat tails z long z !y c1 (t5    
baffl+ ^? s5sitive p>5ts :o "k t *ildr5 
%\ld ?9k = !mselves & f5d = !mselves1 b 
are too k9d to ?r[ !m on _! own res\rces
 ) ! f]ocity ( ! dome/ic cat4 ,! *ild   
%\ld h its fir/ com+ ( age :5 x is      
wean$1 ano!r :5 x c talk1 ano!r :5 x c  
walk1 ano!r :5 x c dress itself )\t     
assi/ance2 & :5 x c read1 write1 c\nt   
money1 & pass an exam9ation 9 go+ a     
simple err& involv+ a pur*ase & a j\rney
 by rail or o!r public me?od (          
locomotion1 x %\ld h q a majority4 ,at  

pres5t ! *ildr5 ( labor]s are soon      
mobile & able to %ift = !mselves1 :]eas 
x is possible to f9d gr[n-up wom5 9 !   
ri* classes :o are actually afraid to   
take a walk 9 ! /reets unatt5d$ &       
unprotect$4 ,x is true t ?is is a       
sup]/ition f ! "t :5 a ret9ue 0 "p ( !  
/ate ( p]sons ( quality1 & ! unatt5d$   
p]son 0 suppos$ to be a common p]son (  
no quality1 e>n+ a liv+2 b ?is has n[   
become s absurd t *ildr5 & "y wom5 are  
no long] told :y !y are =bidd5 to g ab\t
 alone1 & h to be p]suad$ t ! /reets are
 dang]\s places1 :i* ( c\rse !y are2 b p
 :o are n educat$ to live dang]\sly h   
only half a life1 & are m likely to die 
mis]ably aft] all ?an ^? :o h tak5 all !
 common risks ( fre$om f _! *ildhood    
onw>d z matt]s ( c\rse4     ,! ,conflict
 ( ,wills  ,! _w wags 9 spite ( its     
s*ools & its families because bo? s*ools
 & families are mo/ly v l>gely an>*ic3  
p>5ts & s*oolma/]s are good-natur$ or   
weak or lazy2 & *ildr5 are docile &     
affectionate & v %ortw9d$ 9 _! fits (   

naught9ess2 & s mo/ families slummock   
along & muddle ?r\gh until ! *ildr5     
cease to be *ildr54 ,9 ! few cases :5 ! 
p>ties are en]getic & det]m9$1 ! *ild is
 cru%$ or ! p>5t is r$uc$ to a ciph]1 z 
! case may be4 ,:5 ! oppos$ =ces are    
nei!r ( !m /rong en\gh to annihilate !  
o!r1 !re is s]i\s tr\ble3 t is h[ we get
 ^? feuds betwe5 p>5t & *ild :i* recur  
to our memory s ironically :5 we he> p  
s5tim5taliz+ ab\t natural affection4 ,we
 ev5 get trag$ies2 = !re is no?+ s      
tragic to contemplate or s deva/at+ to  
suff] z ! oppression ( w )\t consci5ce2 
& ! :ole t5d5cy ( our family & s*ool    
sy/em is to set ! w ( ! p>5t & ! s*ool  
despot above consci5ce z some?+ t mu/ be
 def]r$ to abjectly & absolutely = its  
own sake4  ,! /ronge/1 fi]ce/ =ce 9     
nature is human w4 ,x is ! highe/       
organization we "k ( ! w t has creat$ ! 
:ole univ]se4 ,n[ all hone/             
civilization1 religion1 law1 & conv5tion
 is an attempt to keep ?is =ce )9       
b5efic5t b\nds4 ,:at corrupts           

civilization1 religion1 law1 & conv5tion
 7& !y are at pres5t pretty ne>ly z     
corrupt z !y d>e7 is ! con/ant attempts 
made by ! wills ( individuals & classes 
to ?w>t ! wills & enslave ! p[]s ( o!r  
individuals & classes4 ,! p[]s ( ! p>5t 
& ! s*oolma/]1 & ( _! public analogues !
 lawgiv] & ! judge1 become in/rum5ts (  
tyranny 9 ! h&s ( ^? :o are too         
n>r[-m9d$ to und]/& law & ex]cise       
judgm5t2 & 9 _! h&s 7) u !y mo/ly fall  
into su* h&s7 law becomes tyranny4 ,&   
:at is a tyrant8 ,q simply a p]son :o   
says to ano!r p]son1 "y or old1 ,y %all 
d z ,i tell y2 y %all make :at ,i want2 
y %all pr(ess my cre$2 y %all h no w (  
y\r own2 & y\r p[]s %all be at !        
disposal ( my w4 ,x has come to ?is at  
la/3 t ! phrase %e has a w ( h] own1 or 
he has a w ( 8 own has come to d5ote a  
p]son ( exceptional ob/9acy &           
self-ass]tion4 ,& ev5 p]sons ( good     
natural disposition1 if br\ght up to    
expect su* def]5ce1 are r\s$ to         
unreason+ fury1 & sometimes to !        

commission ( atroci\s crimes1 by !      
slighte/ *all5ge to _! au?ority4 ,?us a 
labor] may be dirty1 drunk51 untru?ful1 
slo?ful1 untru/wor?y 9 e way )\t exhau/+
 ! indulg5ce ( ! c\ntry h\se4 ,b let him
 d>e to be disrespectful & he is a lo/  
man1 ?\gh he be ! cleane/1 sob]e/1 mo/  
dilig5t1 mo/ v]aci\s1 mo/ tru/wor?y man 
9 ! c\nty4 ,dick5s's in/9ct = detect+   
social cank]s nev] s]v$ him bett] ?an :5
 he %ew$ u ,mrs ,heep tea*+ h] son to be
 umble1 kn[+ t if he c>ri$ out t precept
 he might be pretty well any?+ else he  
lik$4 ,! ma9t5ance ( def]5ce to our     
wills becomes a mania :i* w c>ry ! be/ (
 u to any extremity4 ,we w all[ a       
village ( ,egyptian fellahe5 or ,indian 
tribesm5 to live ! l[e/ life !y please  
among !mselves )\t mole/ation2 b let "o 
( !m slay an ,engli%man or ev5 /rike him
 on ! /ronge/ provocation1 & /raightway 
we g />k mad1 burn+ & de/roy+1 %oot+ &  
%ell+1 flogg+ & hang+1 if only su*      
survivors z we may leave are ?or\ghly   
c[$ 9 ! pres5ce ( a man ) a :ite face4  

,9 ! committee room ( a local c\ncil or 
city corporation1 ! humble/ employees ( 
! committee f9d def5d]s if !y compla9 ( 
h>% treatm5t4 ,gratuities are vot$1     
indulg5ces & holidays are plead$ =1     
del9qu5cies are excus$ 9 ! mo/ s5tim5tal
 mann] provid$ only ! employee1 h[ev]   
pat5t a hypocrite or incorrigible a     
slack]1 is hat 9 h&4 ,b let ! mo/ obvi\s
 measure ( ju/ice be dem&$ by ! secret>y
 ( a ,trade ,union 9 t]ms :i* omit all  
expressions ( subs]vi5ce1 & x is ) !    
greate/ difficulty t ! cool]-head$ c    
defeat angry motions t ! lett] be ?r[n  
into ! wa/e pap] basket & ! committee   
proce$ to ! next bus9ess4     ,!        
,demagogue's ,opportunity  ,& ! employee
 has 9 him ! same fi]ce impulse to      
impose 8 w )\t respect = ! w ( o!rs4    
,democracy is 9 practice no?+ b a device
 = cajol+ f him ! vote he refuses to    
arbitr>y au?ority4 ,he w n vote =       
,coriolanus2 b :5 an exp]i5c$ demagogue 
comes along & says1 ,sir3 y are !       
dictator3 ! voice ( ! p is ! voice (    

,god2 & ,i am only y\r v humble s]vant1 
he says at once1 ,all "r3 tell me :at to
 dictate1 & is pres5tly enslav$ m       
effectually ) 8 own silly cons5t ?an    
,coriolanus w\ld ev] h enslav$ him )\t  
ask+ 8 leave4 ,& ! trick by :i* !       
demagogue defeats ,coriolanus is play$  
on him 9 8 turn by 8 inf]iors4 ,ev]y:]e 
we see ! cunn+ succe$+ 9 ! _w by seek+ a
 ri* or p[]ful ma/] & practis+ on 8 lu/ 
= subs]vi5ce4 ,! political adv5tur] :o  
gets into p>liam5t by (f]+ himself to ! 
poor vot]1 n z 8 repres5tative b z 8    
w-less s\lless delegate1 is himself !   
dupe ( a clev] wife :o repudiates ,votes
 = ,wom51 kn[+ well t :il/ ! man is     
ma/]1 ! man's mi/ress w rule4 ,uriah    
,heep may be a crawl+ creature2 b 8     
crawl+ takes him up/airs4  ,?us does !  
selfi%ness ( ! w turn on itself1 & obta9
 by flatt]y :at x _c seize by op5 =ce4  
,democracy becomes ! late/ trick (      
tyranny3 womanl9ess becomes ! late/ wile
 ( pro/itution4  ,betwe5 p>5t & *ild !  
same conflict wages & ! same de/ruction 

( "* ensues4 ,p>5ts set !mselves to b5d 
! w ( _! *ildr5 to _! own--to break _!  
/ubborn _s1 z !y call x--) ! ru?lessness
 ( ,gr& ,inquisitors4 ,cunn+1           
unscrupul\s *ildr5 le>n all ! arts ( !  
sneak 9 circumv5t+ tyranny3 *ildr5 (    
bett] "* are cruelly di/ress$ & m or    
less lam$ = life by x4     ,our         
,qu>relsom5ess  ,z betwe5 adults1 we f9d
 a g5]al qu>relsom5ess :i* makes        
political re=m z impossible to mo/      
,engli%m5 z to hogs4 ,c]ta9 sections ( !
 nation get cur$ ( ?is disability4      
,univ]sity m51 sailors1 & politicians   
are comp>atively free f x1 because !    
communal life ( ! ,univ]sity1 ! fact t 9
 a %ip a man mu/ ei!r le>n to consid]   
o!rs or else g ov]bo>d or into irons1 & 
! habit ( work+ on committees & ceas+ to
 expect m ( "o's own way ?an is includ$ 
9 ! greate/ common measure ( !          
committee1 educate ! w socially4 ,b no  
"o :o has ev] _h to guide a committee ( 
ord9>y private ,engli%m5 ?r\gh _! fir/  
attempts at collective action1 9        

committee or o!rwise1 c reta9 any       
illusions z to ! appall+ effects on our 
national mann]s & "* ( ! organization ( 
! home & ! s*ool z petty tyrannies1 & ! 
abs5ce ( all tea*+ ( self-respect &     
tra9+ 9 self-ass]tion4 ,bulli$ & ord]$  
ab\t1 ! ,engli%man obeys l a %eep1      
evades l a knave1 or tries to murd] 8   
oppressor4 ,m]ely criticiz$ or oppos$ 9 
committee1 or invit$ to consid]         
anybody's views b 8 own1 he feels       
p]sonally insult$ & wants to resign or  
leave ! room unless he is apologiz$ to4 
,& 8 panic & bewild]m5t :5 he sees t !  
old] h&s at ! "w h no pati5ce ) him & d 
n int5d to treat him z infallible1 are  
pitiable z f> z !y are any?+ b ludicr\s4
 ,t is :at comes ( n be+ taught to      
consid] o!r p's wills1 & left to submit 
to !m or to ov]-ride !m z if !y 7 ! w9ds
 & ! wea!r4 ,su* a /ate ( m9d is        
incompatible n only ) ! democratic      
introduction ( high civilization1 b ) ! 
compreh5sion & ma9t5ance ( su* civiliz$ 
in/itutions z h be5 introduc$ by        

b5evol5t & intellig5t despots &         
ari/ocrats4     ,we ,mu/ ,re=m ,society 
be=e we c ,re=m ,ourselves  ,:5 we come 
to ! positive problem ( :at to d )      
*ildr5 if we are to give up ! e/abli%$  
plan1 we f9d ! difficulties s great t we
 beg9 to und]/& :y s _m p :o dete/ !    
sy/em & look back ) loa?+ on _! own     
s*ooldays1 mu/ helplessly s5d _! *ildr5 
to ! v s*ools !y !mselves 7 s5t to1     
because !re is no alt]native except     
ab&on+ ! *ildr5 to undiscipl9$          
vagabondism4 ,man 9 society mu/ d z     
ev]ybody else does 9 8 class3 only fools
 & romantic novices imag9e t fre$om is a
 m]e matt] ( ! read9ess ( ! individual  
to snap 8 f+]s at conv5tion4 ,x is true 
t mo/ ( u live 9 a condition ( q        
unnecess>y inhibition1 we>+ ugly &      
uncom=table clo!s1 mak+ ourselves & o!r 
p mis]able by ! hea!n horrors ( m\rn+1  
/ay+ away f ! !atre because we _c af=d !
 /alls & are a%am$ to g to ! pit1 & 9   
doz5s ( o!r ways enslav+ ourselves :5   
!re are com=table alt]natives op5 to u  

)\t any real drawbacks4 ,! contemplation
 ( ^! petty slav]ies1 & ( ! triumphant  
ease ) :i* s5sible p ?r[ !m (f1 creates 
an impression t if we only take         
,johnson's advice to free our m9ds f    
cant1 we c a*ieve fre$om4 ,b if we all  
fre$ our m9ds f cant we %\ld f9d t = !  
mo/ "p we %\ld h to g on do+ ! necess>y 
"w ( ! _w exactly z we did x be=e until 
we organiz$ new & free me?ods ( do+ x4  
,_m p believ$ 9 second>y co-education   
7boys & girls taught toge!r7 be=e s*ools
 l ,b$ales 7 f\nd$3 inde$ ! practice 0  
common en\gh 9 elem5t>y s*ools & 9      
,scotl&2 b _! belief did n help !m until
 ,b$ales & ,/ ,george's 7 organiz$2 &   
!re are /ill n ne>ly en\gh              
co-educational s*ools 9 exi/5ce to      
accommodate all ! *ildr5 ( ! p>5ts :o   
believe 9 co-education up to univ]sity  
age1 ev5 if !y c\ld always af=d ! fees (
 ^! exceptional s*ools4 ,x may be edify+
 to tell a duke t our public s*ools are 
all wrong 9 _! con/itution & me?ods1 or 
a co/]mong] t *ildr5 %\ld be treat$ z 9 

,goe!'s ,wilhelm ,mei/] in/ead ( z !y   
are treat$ at ! elem5t>y s*ool at !     
corn] ( 8 /reet2 b :at are ! duke & !   
co/] to d8 ,nei!r ( !m has any effective
 *oice 9 ! matt]3 _! *ildr5 mu/ ei!r g  
to ! s*ools t are1 or to no s*ool at    
all4 ,& z ! duke ?9ks ) reason t 8 son w
 be a l\t or a milksop or a prig if he  
does n g to s*ool1 & ! co/] kn[s t 8 son
 w become an illit]ate hooligan if he is
 left to ! /reets1 !re is no real       
alt]native = ei!r ( !m4 ,*ild life mu/  
be socially organiz$3 no p>5t1 ri* or   
poor1 c *oose in/itutions t d n exi/2 & 
! private ent]prise ( individual s*ool  
ma/]s appeal+ to a gr\p ( well-to-d     
p>5ts1 ?\gh x may %ew :at c be done by  
en?usia/s ) new me?ods1 _c t\* ! mass ( 
our *ildr54 ,= ! av]age p>5t or *ild    
no?+ is really available except !       
e/abli%$ practice2 & ?is is :at makes x 
s important t ! e/abli%$ practice %\ld  
be a s\nd "o1 & s useless = clev]       
individuals to disp>age x unless !y c   
organize an alt]native practice & make  

x1 too1 g5]al4     ,! ,pursuit ( ,mann]s
  ,if y cross-exam9e ! duke & ! co/]1 y 
w f9d t !y are n conc]n$ = ! s*ola/ic   
atta9m5ts ( _! *ildr54 ,ask ! duke :e!r 
he c\ld pass ! /&>d exam9ation (        
twelve-ye>-old *ildr5 9 elem5t>y s*ools1
 & he w admit1 ) an entirely placid     
smile1 t he w\ld almo/ c]ta9ly be       
ignom9i\sly pluck$4 ,& he is s little   
a%am$ ( or disadvantag$ by 8 condition t
 he is n prep>$ to sp5d an h\r 9 rem$y+ 
x4 ,! co/] may res5t ! inquiry in/ead ( 
be+ amus$ by x2 b 8 answ]1 if true1 w be
 ! same4 ,:at !y bo? want = _! *ildr5 is
 ! communal tra9+1 ! appr5tice%ip to    
society1 ! lessons 9 hold+ "o's own     
among p ( all sorts ) :om "o is n1 z 9 !
 home1 on privileg$ t]ms4 ,^! c be      
acquir$ only by mix+ ) ! _w1 no matt] h[
 wick$ ! _w is4 ,no p>5t c>es twop5ce   
:e!r 8 *ildr5 c write ,lat9 hexamet]s or
 repeat ! dates ( ! accession ( all !   
,engli% mon>*s s9ce ! ,conqu]or2 b all  
p>5ts are e>ne/ly anxi\s ab\t ! mann]s (
 _! *ildr54 ,bett] ,claude ,duval ?an   

,kasp> ,haus]4 ,labor]s :o are          
contemptu\sly anti-cl]ical 9 _! op9ions 
w s5d _! daught]s to ! conv5t s*ool     
because ! nuns tea* !m "s sort (        
g5tl5ess ( spee* & behavior4 ,& pe]s :o 
tell y t our public s*ools are rott5    
?r\gh & ?r\gh1 & t our ,univ]sities     
ought to be raz$ to ! f\ndations1 s5d _!
 sons to ,eton & ,ox=d1 ,h>r[ &         
,cambridge1 n only because !re is no?+  
else to be done1 b because ^! places1   
?\gh !y turn out blackgu>ds &           
ignoramuses & boobies galore1 turn !m   
out ) ! habits & mann]s ( ! society !y  
belong to4 ,bad z ^? mann]s are 9 _m    
respects1 !y are bett] ?an no mann]s at 
all4 ,& no individual or family c       
possibly tea* !m4 ,!y c be acquir$ only 
by liv+ 9 an organiz$ community 9 :i* !y
 are traditional4  ,?us we see t !re are
 reasons = ! segregation ( *ildr5 ev5 9 
families :]e ! great reason3 namely1 t  
*ildr5 are nuisances to adults1 does n  
press v h>dly1 z1 = in/ance1 9 ! h\ses (
 ! v poor1 :o c s5d _! *ildr5 to play 9 

! /reets1 or ! h\ses ( ! v ri*1 :i* are 
s l>ge t ! *ildr5's qu>t]s c be kept out
 ( ! p>5ts' way l ! s]vants' qu>t]s4    
,n too mu* ,w9d on ! ,hea?1 ,bro!r      
,:at1 !n1 is to be done8 ,= ! pres5t1   
un=tunately1 little except propagat+ !  
conception ( ,*ildr5's ,rights4 ,only ! 
a*ievem5t ( economic equality ?r\gh     
,socialism c make x possible to deal    
?or\ghly ) ! "q f ! po9t ( view ( !     
total int]e/ ( ! community1 :i* mu/     
always consi/ ( gr[n-up *ildr54 ,yet    
economic equality1 l all simple & obvi\s
 arrangem5ts1 seems impossible to p     
br\ght up z *ildr5 are n[4 ,/ill1 some?+
 c be done ev5 )9 class limits4 ,l>ge   
communities ( *ildr5 ( ! same class are 
possible today2 & volunt>y organization 
( outdoor life = *ildr5 has already     
begun 9 ,boy ,sc\t+ & excursions ( "o   
k9d or ano!r4 ,! discov]y t any?+1 ev5  
s*ool life1 is bett] = ! *ild ?an home  
life1 w become an ov]-ridd5 hobby2 & we 
%all pres5tly be told by our faddi/s t  
any?+1 ev5 camp life1 is bett] ?an s*ool

 life4 ,"s blund]+ beg9n+s ( ?is are    
already p]ceptible4 ,!re is a movem5t = 
mak+ our ,briti% *ildr5 into priggi%    
little b>efoot$ vagabonds1 all talk+ l t
 born fool ,george ,borr[1 & suppos$ to 
be spl5didly heal?y because !y w\ld die 
if !y slept 9 rooms ) ! w9d[s %ut1 or   
p]haps ev5 ) a ro( ov] _! heads4 ,/ill1 
?is is a fairly heal?y folly2 & x may d 
some?+ to e/abli% ,mr ,h>old ,cox's     
claim ( a ,"r to ,roam z ! basis ( a mu*
 ne$$ law compell+ proprietors ( l& to  
provide pl5ty ( gates 9 _! f5ces1 & to  
leave !m unlock$ :5 !re are no gr[+     
crops to be damag$ nor bulls to be      
enc\nt]$1 in/ead (1 z at pres5t1        
imprison+ ! human race 9 du/y or muddy  
?or\ghf>es betwe5 walls ( b>b$ wire4  ,!
 reaction aga9/ vagabondage w come f !  
*ildr5 !mselves4 ,= !m fre$om w n mean !
 exp5sive k9d ( savag]y n[ call$ !      
simple life4 ,_! natural disgu/ ) !     
visions ( cockney book fanci]s bl[+     
!mselves out ) ! w9d on ! hea?1 bro!r1 &
 ( an>*i/s :o are ei!r too weak to      

und]/& t m5 are /rong & free 9          
proportion to ! social pressure !y c /& 
& ! complexity ( ! obligations !y are   
prep>$ to und]take1 or too /rong to     
realize t :at is fre$om to !m may be    
t]ror & bewild]m5t to o!rs1 w drive !m  
back to ! home & ! s*ool if ^! h        
mean:ile le>n$ ! lesson t *ildr5 are    
indep5d5t human be+s & h rights4        
,want$3 a ,*ild's ,magna ,*>ta  ,:e!r we
 %all pres5tly be discuss+ a ,juv5ile   
,magna ,*>ta or ,decl>ation ( ,rights by
 way ( includ+ *ildr5 9 ! ,con/itution  
is a "q on :i* ,i leave o!rs to         
speculate4 ,b if x c\ld once be e/abli%$
 t a *ild has an adult's ,"r ( ,egress f
 uncom=table places & unpleasant        
company1 & !re 7 *ildr5's lawy]s to sue 
p$agogues & o!rs = assault &            
imprisonm5t1 !re w\ld be an amaz+ *ange 
9 ! behavior ( s*oolma/]s1 ! quality (  
s*ool books1 & ! am5ities ( s*ool life4 
,t ,consci\sness ( ,cons5t :i*1 ev5 9   
its pres5t delusive =m1 has enabl$      
,democracy to ou/ tyrannical sy/ems 9   

spite ( all its vulg>ities & /upidities 
& rancors & ineptitudes & ignorances1   
w\ld op]ate z p[]fully among *ildr5 z x 
does n[ among gr[n-ups4 ,no d\bt !      
p$agogue w\ld promptly turn demagogue1 &
 woo 8 s*ol>s by all ! arts ( demagogy2 
b none ( ^! arts c easily be s          
di%onorable or mis*iev\s z ! art ( can+4
 ,&1 aft] all1 if l>g] lib]ties are     
atta*$ to ! acquisition ( k1 & ! *ild   
f9ds t x c no m g to ! seaside )\t a k (
 ! multiplication & p5ce tables ?an x c 
be an a/ronom] )\t ma!matics1 x w le>n !
 multiplication table1 :i* is m ?an x   
always does at pres5t1 9 spite ( all !  
can+s & keep+s 94     ,! ,pursuit (     
,le>n+  ,:5 ! ,pursuit ( ,le>n+ comes to
 mean ! pursuit ( le>n+ by ! *ild in/ead
 ( ! pursuit ( ! *ild by ,le>n+1 cane 9 
h&1 ! dang] w be precocity ( !          
intellect1 :i* is j z undesirable z     
precocity ( ! emotions4 ,we /ill h a    
silly habit ( talk+ & ?9k+ z if         
intellect 7 a me*anical process & n a   
passion2 & 9 spite ( ! ,g]man tutors :o 

confess op5ly t ?ree out ( e five ( ! "y
 m5 !y coa* = exam9ations are lam$ =    
life !reby2 9 spite ( ,dick5s & 8       
picture ( little ,paul ,dombey dy+ (    
lessons1 we p]si/ 9 heap+ on gr[+ *ildr5
 & adolesc5t y\?s & maid5s tasks        
,py?agoras w\ld h decl9$ out ( common   
reg>d = 8 own heal? & common mode/y z to
 8 own capacity4 ,& ?is ov]work is n all
 ! effect ( compulsion2 = ! av]age      
s*oolma/] does n compel 8 s*ol>s to     
le>n3 he only scolds & puni%es !m if !y 
d n1 :i* is q a diff]5t ?+1 ! net effect
 be+ t ! s*ool prison]s ne$ n le>n      
unless !y l4 ,nay1 x is sometimes rem>k$
 t ! s*ool dunce--mean+ ! "o :o does n  
l--(t5 turns out well aft]w>ds1 z if    
idl5ess 7 a sign ( ability & "*4 ,a mu* 
m s5sible explanation is t ! s-call$    
dunces are n exhau/$ be=e !y beg9 !     
s]i\s bus9ess ( life4 ,x is said t boys 
w be boys2 & "o c only add "o wi%es !y  
w\ld4 ,boys really want to be manly1 &  
are un=tunately enc\rag$ ?\ghtlessly 9  
?is v dang]\s & ov]/ra9+ aspiration4    

,all ! p :o h really work$ 7,h]b]t      
,sp5c] = in/ance7 w>n u aga9/ "w z      
e>ne/ly z "s p w>n u aga9/ dr9k4 ,:5    
le>n+ is plac$ on ! volunt>y foot+ (    
sport1 ! tea*] w f9d himself say+ e day 
,run away & play3 y h work$ z mu* z is  
good = y4 ,try+ to make *ildr5 leave    
s*ool w be l try+ to make !m g to b$2 & 
x w be necess>y to surprise !m ) ! idea 
t tea*+ is "w1 & t ! tea*] is tir$ & mu/
 g play or re/ or eat3 possibilities    
always conceal$ by t infam\s humbug !   
curr5t s*oolma/]1 :o a*ieves a spuri\s  
div9ity & a wit* doctor's au?ority by   
p]suad+ *ildr5 t he is n human1 j z     
ladies p]suade !m t !y h no legs4       
,*ildr5 & ,game3 a ,proposal  ,( ! _m   
wild absurdities ( our exi/+ social ord]
 p]haps ! mo/ grotesque is ! co/ly &    
/rictly en=c$ res]vation ( l>ge tracts (
 c\ntry z de] =e/s & bre$+ gr\nds =     
pheasants :il/ !re is s little provision
 ( ! k9d made = *ildr54 ,i h m ?an once 
?\ght ( try+ to introduce ! %oot+ (     
*ildr5 z a sport1 z ! *ildr5 w\ld !n be 

pres]v$ v c>efully = t5 mon?s 9 ! ye>1  
!reby r$uc+ _! dea? rate f> m ?an !     
fusillades ( ! sportsm5 dur+ ! o!r two  
w\ld raise x4 ,at pres5t ! kill+ ( a fox
 except by a pack ( foxh\nds is reg>d$ )
 horror2 b y may & d kill *ildr5 9 a    
hundr$ & fifty ways provid$ y d n %oot  
!m or set a pack ( dogs on !m4 ,x mu/ be
 admitt$ t ! foxes h ! be/ ( x2 & inde$ 
a glance at our pheasants1 our de]1 &   
our *ildr5 w conv9ce ! mo/ sceptical t !
 *ildr5 h decid$ly ! wor/ ( x4  ,?is mu*
 hope1 h[ev]1 c be extract$ f ! pres5t  
/ate ( ?+s4 ,x is s fanta/ic1 s mad1 s  
app>5tly impossible1 t no s*eme ( re=m  
ne$ ev] h5ce=? be discr$it$ on ! gr\nd t
 x is fanta/ic or mad or app>5tly       
impossible4 ,x is ! s5sible s*emes1     
un=tunately1 t are hopeless 9 ,engl&4   
,!re=e ,i h great hopes t my own views1 
?\gh fundam5tally s5sible1 c be made to 
appe> fanta/ic en\gh to h a *ance4      
,fir/1 !n1 ,i lay x d[n z a prime       
condition ( sane society1 obvi\s z su*  
to anyone b an idiot1 t 9 any dec5t     

community1 *ildr5 %\ld f9d 9 e "p ( _!  
native c\ntry1 food1 clo?+1 lodg+1      
in/ruction1 & p>5tal k9dness = ! ask+4  
,= ! matt] ( t1 s %\ld adults2 b ! two  
cases diff] 9 t z ^! commodities d n gr[
 on ! bu%es1 ! adults _c h !m unless !y 
!mselves organize & provide ! supply1   
:]eas ! *ildr5 mu/ h !m z if by magic1 )
 no?+ to d b rub ! lamp1 l ,aladd91 & h 
_! ne$s satisfi$4     ,! ,p>5ts'        
,intol]able ,burd5  ,!re is no?+ new 9  
?is3 x is h[ *ildr5 h always _h & mu/   
always h _! ne$s satisfi$4 ,! p>5t has  
to play ! "p ( ,aladd9's dj9n2 & _m a   
p>5t has sunk b5ea? ! burd5 ( ?is       
s]vice4 ,all ! novelty we ne$ is to     
organize x s t in/ead ( ! individual    
*ild fa/5+ l a p>asite on its own       
p>ticul> p>5ts1 ! :ole body ( *ildr5    
%\ld be ?r[n n only ^u ! :ole body (    
p>5ts1 b ^u ! celibates & *ildless z    
well1 ^: pres5t exemption f a full %>e 9
 ! social burd5 ( *ildr5 is obvi\sly    
unju/ & un:olesome4 ,today x is easy to 
f9d a wid[ :o has at great co/ to h]self

 9 pa91 dang]1 & disablem5t1 borne six  
or eight *ildr54 ,9 ! same t[n y w f9d  
ri* ba*elors & old maids1 & m>ri$ c\ples
 ) no *ildr5 or ) families volunt>ily   
limit$ to two or ?ree4 ,! eight *ildr5 d
 n belong to ! woman 9 any real or legal
 s5se4 ,:5 %e has re>$ !m !y pass away f
 h] into ! community z indep5d5t p]sons1
 m>ry+ /rang]s1 work+ = /rang]s1 sp5d+  
on ! community ! life t has be5 built up
 at h] exp5se4 ,no m mon/r\s inju/ice   
c\ld be imag9$ ?an t ! burd5 ( re>+ !   
*ildr5 %\ld fall on h] alone & n on !   
celibates & ! selfi% z well4  ,?is is s 
f> recogniz$ t already ! *ild f9ds1     
:]ev] x goes1 a s*ool = x1 & somebody to
 =ce x into ! s*ool2 & m & m ^! s*ools  
are be+ driv5 by ! m]e logic ( facts to 
provide ! *ildr5 ) meals1 ) boots1 )    
spectacles1 ) d5ti/s & doctors4 ,9 fact1
 :5 ! *ild's p>5ts are de/itute or n to 
be f\nd1 bread1 lodg+1 & clo?+ are      
provid$4 ,x is true t !y are provid$    
grudg+ly & on conditions infam\s en\gh  
to draw d[n abundant fire f ,heav5 ^u u 

e day 9 ! %ape ( crime & disease & vice2
 b /ill ! practice ( keep+ *ildr5 b>ely 
alive at ! *>ge ( ! community is        
e/abli%$2 & !re is no ne$ = me to argue 
ab\t x4 ,i propose only two ext5sions ( 
! practice4 ,"o is to provide = all !   
*ild's reasonable human wants1 on :i*   
po9t1 if y diff] f me1 ,i %all take     
leave to say t y are socially a fool &  
p]sonally an inhuman wret*4 ,! o!r is t 
^! wants %\ld be suppli$ 9 complete     
fre$om f compulsory s*ool+ or compulsory
 any?+ except re/ra9t f crime1 ?\gh1 z  
!y c be suppli$ only by social          
organization1 ! *ild mu/ be consci\s ( &
 subject to ! conditions ( t            
organization1 :i* may involve su*       
portions ( adult responsibility & duty z
 a *ild may be able to be> accord+ to   
its age1 & :i* w 9 any case prev5t x f  
=m+ ! vagabond & an>*i/ habit ( m9d4    
,"o m exception might be necess>y3      
compulsory fre$om4 ,i am sure t a *ild  
%\ld n be imprison$ 9 a s*ool4 ,i am n s
 sure t x %\ld n sometimes be driv5 out 

into ! op5--imprison$ 9 ! woods & on !  
m\nta9s1 z x 74 ,= !re are fr[/y *ildr51
 j z !re are fr[/y adults1 :o dont want 
fre$om4 ,?is morbid result (            
ov]-dome/ication w\ld1 let u hope1 soon 
disappe> ) its cause4     ,mobilization 
,^? :o see no prospect held out to !m by
 ?is except a c\ntry 9 :i* all ! *ildr5 
%all be roam+ savages1 %\ld consid]1    
fir/1 :e!r _! condition w\ld be any     
worse ?an t ( ! little cag$ savages (   
today1 & second1 :e!r ei!r *ildr5 or    
adults are s apt to run wild t x is     
necess>y to te!r !m fa/ to "o           
neighborhood to prev5t a g5]al          
dissolution ( society4 ,my own          
obs]vation leads me to believe t we are 
n half mobiliz$ en\gh4 ,true1 ,i _c d5y 
t we are m mobile ?an we 74 ,y w /ill   
f9d 9 ! home c\nties old m5 :o h nev]   
be5 to ,london1 & :o tell y t !y once   
w5t to ,w9*e/] or ,/ ,albans mu* z if !y
 _h be5 to ! ,s\? ,pole2 b !y are n s   
common z ! cl]k :o has be5 to ,p>is or  
to ,lovely ,luc]ne1 & :o goes away      

some:]e :5 he has a holiday4 ,8 gr&fa!r 
nev] _h a holiday1 &1 if he _h1 w\ld no 
m h dream$ ( cross+ ! ,*annel ?an ( tak+
 a box at ! ,op]a4 ,b ) all all[ance = !
 ,polyte*nic excursion & ! t\ri/ ag5cy1 
our in]tia is /ill appall+4 ,i confess  
to hav+ once sp5t n9e ye>s 9 ,london )\t
 putt+ my nose outside x2 & ?\gh ?is 0  
bett]1 p]haps1 ?an ! re/less            
globe-trott+ vagabondage ( ! idle ri*1  
w&]+ f hotel to hotel & nev] really liv+
 any:]e1 yet ,i %\ld no m h done x if ,i
 _h be5 prop]ly mobiliz$ 9 my *ildhood  
?an ,i %\ld h worn ! same suit ( clo!s  
all t "t 7:i*1 by ! way1 ,i v ne>ly did1
 my pr(essional income n hav+ z yet     
begun to spr\t74 ,!re are masses ( p :o 
c\ld af=d at lea/ a trip to ,m>gate1 & a
 good _m :o c\ld af=d a trip r\nd ! _w1 
:o are m immovable ?an ,aldgate pump4   
,to o!rs1 :o w\ld move if !y knew h[1   
travell+ is surr\nd$ ) imag9>y          
difficulties & t]rors4 ,9 %ort1 !       
difficulty is n to fix p1 b to root !m  
up4 ,we keep repeat+ ! silly prov]b t a 

roll+ /one ga!rs no moss1 z if moss 7 a 
desirable p>asite4 ,:at we mean is t a  
vagabond does n prosp]4 ,ev5 ?is is n   
true1 if prosp]ity means enjoym5t z well
 z responsibility & money4 ,! real mis]y
 ( vagabondage is ! mis]y ( hav+ no?+ to
 d & n[h]e to g1 ! mis]y ( be+ d]elict (
 ,god & ,man1 ! mis]y ( ! idle1 poor or 
ri*4 ,& ?is is "o ( ! mis]ies (         
unoccupi$ *ildhood4 ,! unoccupi$ adult1 
?us afflict$1 tries _m di/ractions :i*  
are1 to say ! lea/1 unsuit$ to *ildr54  
,b "o ( !m1 ! di/raction ( see+ ! _w1 is
 innoc5t & b5eficial4 ,also x is *ildi%1
 be+ a cont9uation ( :at nurses call    
tak+ notice1 by :i* a *ild becomes      
exp]i5c$4 ,x is pitiable n[adays to see 
m5 & wom5 do+ aft] ! age ( #de all !    
travell+ & sightsee+ !y %\ld h done be=e
 !y 7 #ae4 ,m]e wond]+ & />+ at ?+s is  
an important "p ( a *ild's education3 t 
is :y *ildr5 c be ?or\ghly mobiliz$ )\t 
mak+ vagabonds ( !m4 ,a vagabond is at  
home n[h]e because he w&]s3 a *ild %\ld 
w&] because x ought to be at home       

ev]y:]e4 ,& if x has its pap]s & its    
passports1 & gets :at x requires n by   
begg+ & pilf]+1 b f responsible ag5ts ( 
! community z ( "r1 & ) "s =mal         
ackn[l$gm5t ( ! obligations x is incurr+
 & a k ( ! fact t ^! obligations are be+
 record$3 if1 fur!r1 c]ta9              
qualifications are exact$ be=e x is     
promot$ f p]mission to g z f> z its legs
 w c>ry x to us+ me*anical aids to      
locomotion1 x c roam )\t mu* dang] (    
gypsification4  ,"u su* circum/ances !  
boy or girl c\ld always run away1 & nev]
 be lo/2 & on no o!r conditions c a *ild
 be free )\t be+ also a homeless outca/4
  ,p>5ts c\ld also run away f           
disagreeable *ildr5 or drive !m out (   
doors or ev5 drop _! acqua9tance1       
tempor>ily or p]man5tly1 )\t inhumanity4
 ,?us bo? p>ties w\ld be on _! good     
behavior1 & n1 z at pres5t1 on _! filial
 or p>5tal behavior1 :i*1 l all unfree  
behavior1 is mo/ly bad behavior4  ,z to 
:at o!r results might foll[1 we _h bett]
 wait & see2 = nobody n[ alive c imag9e 

:at cu/oms & in/itutions w\ld gr[ up 9  
societies ( free *ildr54 ,*ild laws &   
*ild fa%ions1 *ild mann]s & *ild morals 
are n[ n tol]at$2 b among free *ildr5   
!re w\ld c]ta9ly be surpris+ developm5ts
 9 ?is direction4 ,i d n ?9k !re w\ld be
 any dang] ( free *ildr5 behav+ z badly 
z gr[n-up p d n[ because !y h nev] be5  
free4 ,!y c\ld h>dly behave worse1      
anyh[4     ,*ildr5's ,rights & ,p>5ts'  
,wrongs  ,a v di/+ui%$ man once assur$ a
 "m ( my acqua9tance t %e w\ld nev] "k  
:at x meant to be hurt until %e 0 hurt  
?r\gh h] *ildr54 ,*ildr5 are extremely  
cruel )\t int5d+ x2 & 9 n9ety-n9e cases 
out ( a hundr$ ! reason is t !y d n     
conceive _! eld]s z hav+ any human      
feel+s4 ,s]ve ! eld]s "r1 p]haps1 = pos+
 z sup]human6 ,! p5alty ( ! impo/or is n
 t he is f\nd out 7he v seldom is7 b t  
he is tak5 = :at he pret5ds to be1 &    
treat$ z su*4 ,& to be treat$ z any?+ b 
:at y really are may seem pleasant to ! 
imag9ation :5 ! treatm5t is above y\r   
m]its2 b 9 actual exp]i5ce x is (t5 q ! 

rev]se4 ,:5 ,i 0 a v small boy1 my      
romantic imag9ation1 /imulat$ by e>ly   
doses ( fiction1 l$ me to brag to a /ill
 small] boy s outrage\sly t he1 be+ a   
simple s\l1 really believ$ me to be an  
inv9cible h]o4 ,i _c rememb] :e!r ?is   
pleas$ me mu*2 b ,i d rememb] v di/9ctly
 t "o day ?is admir] ( m9e1 :o _h a pet 
goat1 f\nd ! animal 9 ! h&s ( a l>g] boy
 ?an ei!r ( u1 :o mock$ him & refus$ to 
re/ore ! animal to 8 rightful own]4     
,:]eupon1 naturally1 he came weep+ to   
me1 & dem&$ t ,i %\ld rescue ! goat &   
annihilate ! aggressor4 ,my t]ror 0     
beyond description3 =tunately = me1 x   
imp>t$ su* a gha/l9ess to my voice &    
aspect z ,i "u ! eye ( my poor little   
dupe1 advanc$ on ! enemy ) t hide\s     
extremity ( c[>dice :i* is call$ !      
c\rage ( despair1 & said ,y let g t     
goat1 t he ab&on$ 8 prey & fl$1 to my   
un=gettable1 unspeakable relief4 ,i h   
nev] s9ce exagg]at$ my pr[ess 9 bodily  
combat4  ,n[ :at happ5$ to me 9 !       
adv5ture ( ! goat happ5s v (t5 to p>5ts1

 & w\ld happ5 to s*oolma/]s if ! prison 
door ( ! s*ool did n %ut out ! trials ( 
life4 ,i rememb] once1 at s*ool1 !      
resid5t head ma/] 0 br\ght d[n to e>? by
 ! sudd5 illness ( 8 wife4 ,9 !         
confusion t ensu$ x became necess>y to  
leave "o ( ! s*oolrooms )\t a ma/]4 ,i 0
 9 ! class t occupi$ t s*oolroom4 ,to h 
s5t u home w\ld h be5 to break !        
fundam5tal b>ga9 ) our p>5ts by :i* !   
s*ool 0 b\nd to keep u out ( _! way =   
half ! day at all haz>ds4 ,!re=e an     
appeal _h to be made to our bett]       
feel+s3 t is1 to our common humanity1 n 
to make a noise4 ,b ! head ma/] _h nev] 
admitt$ any common humanity ) u4 ,we _h 
be5 c>efully brok5 9 to reg>d him z a   
be+ q alo( f & above u3 "o n subject to 
error or suff]+ or dea? or illness or   
mortality4 ,consequ5tly sympa?y 0       
impossible2 & if ! un=tunate lady did n 
p]i%1 x 0 because1 z ,i n[ com=t myself 
) guess+1 %e 0 too mu* pre-occupi$ ) h] 
own pa9s1 & possibly mak+ too mu* noise 
h]self1 to be consci\s ( ! p&emonium    

d[n/airs4  ,a great deal ( ! fi5di%ness 
( s*oolboys & ! cruelty ( *ildr5 to _!  
eld]s is produc$ j 9 ?is way4 ,eld]s _c 
be sup]human be+s & suff]+              
fell[-creatures at ! same "t4 ,if y pose
 z a little god1 y mu/ pose = bett] =   
worse4     ,h[ ,little ,we ,"k ,ab\t    
,our ,p>5ts  ,! relation betwe5 p>5t &  
*ild has cruel mom5ts = ! p>5t ev5 :5   
money is no object1 & ! mat]ial worries 
are delegat$ to s]vants & s*ool tea*]s4 
,! *ild & ! p>5t are /rang]s to "o ano!r
 necess>ily1 because _! ages mu/ diff]  
widely4 ,read ,goe!'s autobiography2 &  
note t ?\gh he 0 happy 9 8 p>5ts & _h   
exceptional p[]s ( obs]vation1          
div9ation1 & /ory-tell+1 he knew less   
ab\t 8 fa!r & "m ?an ab\t mo/ ( ! o!r p 
he m5tions4 ,i myself 0 nev] on bad t]ms
 ) my "m3 we liv$ toge!r until ,i 0     
=ty-two ye>s old1 absolutely )\t !      
smalle/ friction ( any k9d2 yet :5 h]   
dea? set me ?9k+ curi\sly ab\t our      
relations1 ,i realiz$ t ,i knew v little
 ab\t h]4 ,introduce me to a /range     

woman :o 0 a *ild :5 ,i 0 a *ild1 a girl
 :5 ,i 0 a boy1 an adolesc5t :5 ,i 0 an 
adolesc5t2 & if we take naturally to "o 
ano!r ,i w "k m ( h] & %e ( me at ! end 
( =ty days 7,i _h almo/ said ( =ty      
m9utes7 ?an ,i knew ( my "m at ! end (  
=ty ye>s4 ,a contempor>y /rang] is a    
novelty & an enigma1 also a possibility2
 b a "m is l a broom/ick or l ! sun 9 ! 
heav5s1 x does n matt] :i* z f> z "o's k
 ( h] is conc]n$3 ! broom/ick is !re & !
 sun is !re2 & :e!r ! *ild is beat5 by x
 or w>m$ & enlight5$ by x1 x accepts x z
 a fact 9 nature1 & does n conceive x z 
hav+ _h y\?1 passions1 & weaknesses1 or 
z /ill gr[+1 ye>n+1 suff]+1 & le>n+4 ,if
 ,i meet a wid[ ,i may ask h] all ab\t  
h] m>riage2 b :at son ev] dreams ( ask+ 
8 "m ab\t h] m>riage1 or c\ld endure to 
he> ( x )\t viol5tly break+ (f ! old    
sacr$ relation%ip betwe5 !m1 & ceas+ to 
be h] *ild or any?+ m to h] ?an ! fir/  
man 9 ! /reet might be8  ,yet ?\gh 9 ?is
 s5se ! *ild _c realize its p>5t's      
humanity1 ! p>5t c realize ! *ild's2 = !

 p>5ts ) _! exp]i5ce ( life h none ( !  
illusions ab\t ! *ild t ! *ild has ab\t 
! p>5ts2 & ! consequ5ce is t ! *ild c   
hurt its p>5ts' feel+s mu* m ?an its    
p>5ts c hurt ! *ild's1 because ! *ild1  
ev5 :5 !re has be5 none ( ! delib]ate   
hypocrisy by :i* *ildr5 are tak5        
advantage ( by _! eld]s1 _c conceive !  
p>5t z a fell[-creature1 :il/ ! p>5ts "k
 v well t ! *ildr5 are only !mselves ov]
 aga94 ,! *ild _c conceive t its blame  
or contempt or want ( int]e/ c\ld       
possibly hurt its p>5t1 & !re=e         
expresses !m all ) an indiff]5ce :i* has
 giv5 rise to ! t]m enfant t]rible 7a   
tragic t]m 9 spite ( ! je/s connect$ )  
x72 :il/ ! p>5t c suff] f su* slights & 
reproa*es m f a *ild ?an f anyone else1 
ev5 :5 ! *ild is n belov$1 because !    
*ild is s unmi/akably s9c]e 9 !m4       
,our ,ab&on$ ,mo!rs  ,take a v common   
in/ance ( ?is agoniz+ incompatibility4  
,a wid[ br+s up h] son to manhood4 ,he  
meets a /range woman1 & goes (f ) &     
m>ries h]1 leav+ 8 "m desolate4 ,x does 

n occur to him t ?is is at all h>d on   
h]3 he does x z a matt] ( c\rse1 &      
actually expects 8 "m to receive1 on    
t]ms ( special affection1 ! woman = :om 
%e has be5 ab&on$4 ,if he %ew$ any s5se 
( :at he 0 do+1 any remorse2 if he m+l$ 
8 te>s ) h]s & ask$ h] n to ?9k too     
h>dly ( him because he _h obey$ !       
inevitable de/9y ( a man to leave 8 fa!r
 & "m & cleave to 8 wife1 %e c\ld give  
him h] bless+ & accept h] b]eavem5t )   
dignity & )\t reproa*4 ,b ! man nev]    
dreams ( su* consid]ations4 ,to him 8   
"m's feel+ 9 ! matt]1 :5 %e betrays x1  
is unreasonable1 ridicul\s1 & ev5 odi\s1
 z %ew+ a prejudice aga9/ 8 adorable    
bride4  ,i h tak5 ! wid[ z an extreme & 
obvi\s case2 b !re are _m husb&s & wives
 :o are tir$ ( _! consorts1 or          
disappo9t$ 9 !m1 or e/rang$ f !m by     
infidelities2 & ^! p>5ts1 9 los+ a son  
or a daught] ?r\gh m>riage1 may be los+ 
ev]y?+ !y c>e =4 ,no p>5t's love is z   
innoc5t z ! love ( a *ild3 ! exclusion (
 all consci\s sexual feel+ f x does n   

exclude ! bitt]ness1 jeal\sy1 & despair 
at loss :i* *>act]ize sexual passion3 9 
fact1 :at is call$ a pure love may      
easily be m selfi% & jeal\s ?an a c>nal 
"o4 ,anyh[1 x is pla9 matt] ( fact t    
naively selfi% p sometimes try ) fi]ce  
jeal\sy to prev5t _! *ildr5 m>ry+4      
,family ,affection  ,until ! family z we
 "k x ceases to exi/1 nobody w d>e to   
analyze p>5tal affection z di/+ui%$ f t 
g5]al human sympa?y :i* has secur$ to _m
 an orphan fond] c>e 9 a /rang]'s h\se  
?an x w\ld h receiv$ f its actual p>5ts4
 ,n ev5 ,tol/oy1 9 ,! ,kreutz] ,sonata1 
has said all t we suspect ab\t x4 ,:5 x 
p]si/s beyond ! p]iod at :i* x ceases to
 be necess>y to ! *ild's welf>e1 x is   
apt to be morbid2 & we are probably     
wrong to inculcate its delib]ate        
cultivation4 ,! natural c\rse is = !    
p>5ts & *ildr5 to ca/ (f ! specific     
p>5tal & filial relation :5 !y are no   
long] necess>y to "o ano!r4 ,! *ild does
 ?is readily en\gh to =m fre% ties1     
clos] & m fasc9at+4 ,p>5ts are n always 

exclud$ f su* comp5sations3 x happ5s    
sometimes t :5 ! *ildr5 g out at ! door 
! lov] comes 9 at ! w9d[4 ,inde$ x      
happ5s n[ (t5] ?an x us$ to1 because p  
rema9 mu* long] 9 ! sexual ar5a4 ,!     
cultivat$ ,jewess no long] cuts (f h]   
hair at h] m>riage4 ,! ,briti% matron   
has disc>d$ h] cap & h] consci5ti\s     
ugl9ess2 & a bi%op's wife at fifty has m
 ( ! air ( a femme galante ?an an       
actress _h at ?irty-five 9 h] gr&mo!r's 
"t4 ,b z p m>ry lat]1 ! facts ( age & "t
 /ill inexorably condemn mo/ p>5ts to   
comp>ative solitude :5 _! *ildr5 m>ry4  
,?is may be a privation & may be a      
relief3 probably 9 heal?y circum/ances x
 is no worse ?an a salut>y *ange (      
habit2 b ev5 at t x is1 = ! mom5t at    
lea/1 a wr5*4 ,= ?\gh p>5ts & *ildr5    
sometimes dislike "o ano!r1 !re is an   
exp]i5ce ( succor & a habit ( dep5d5ce &
 expectation =m$ 9 infancy :i* naturally
 atta*es a *ild to its p>5t or to its   
nurse 7a fo/] p>5t7 9 a q peculi> way4  
,a b5efit to ! *ild may be a burd5 to ! 

p>5t2 b p become atta*$ to _! burd5s    
sometimes m ?an ! burd5s are atta*$ to  
!m2 & to suff] little *ildr5 has become 
an affectionate impulse deep 9 our      
nature4  ,n[ !re is no su* impulse to   
suff] our si/]s & bro!rs1 our aunts &   
uncles1 mu* less our c\s9s4 ,if we c\ld 
*oose our relatives1 we might1 by       
select+ cong5ial ones1 mitigate !       
repulsive effect ( ! obligation to l !m 
& to admit !m to our intimacy4 ,b to h a
 p]son impos$ on u z a bro!r m]ely      
because he happ5s to h ! same p>5ts is  
unbe>able :51 z may easily happ51 he is 
! sort ( p]son we %\ld c>efully avoid if
 he 7 anyone else's bro!r4 ,all ,europe 
7except ,scotl&1 :i* has clans in/ead ( 
families7 draws ! l9e at second c\s9s4  
,prote/antism draws x /ill clos] by mak+
 ! fir/ c\s9 a m>riageable /rang]2 & !  
only reason = n draw+ x at si/]s &      
bro!rs is t ! in/itution ( ! family     
compels u to sp5d our *ildhood ) !m1 &  
?us imposes on u a curi\s relation 9 :i*
 famili>ity de/roys romantic *>m1 & is  

yet expect$ to create a specially w>m   
affection4 ,su* a relation is dang]\sly 
factiti\s & unnatural2 & ! practical    
moral is t ! less said at home ab\t     
specific family affection ! bett]4      
,*ildr51 l gr[n-up p1 get on well en\gh 
toge!r if !y are n pu%$ d[n "o ano!r's  
?roats2 & gr[n-up relatives w get on    
toge!r 9 proportion to _! sep>ation & _!
 c>e n to presume on _! blood           
relation%ip4 ,we %\ld let *ildr5's      
feel+s take _! natural c\rse )\t        
prompt+4 ,i h se5 a *ild scold$ & call$ 
unfeel+ because x did n occur to x to   
make a !atrical demon/ration (          
affectionate delight :5 its "m return$  
aft] an abs5ce3 a typical example ( !   
way 9 :i* spuri\s family s5tim5t is /ok$
 up4 ,we are1 aft] all1 sociable        
animals2 & if we are let alone 9 ! matt]
 ( our affections1 & well br\ght up     
o!rwise1 we %all n get on any ! worse ) 
p>ticul> p because !y happ5 to be our   
bro!rs & si/]s & c\s9s4 ,! dang] lies 9 
assum+ t we %all get on any bett]4  ,!  

ma9 po9t to grasp "h is t families are n
 kept toge!r at pres5t by family feel+ b
 by human feel+4 ,! family cultivates   
sympa?y & mutual help & consolation z   
any o!r =m ( k9dly association          
cultivates !m2 b ! addition ( a dictat$ 
compulsory affection z an attribute (   
ne> k9%ip is n only unnecess>y1 b       
positively detrim5tal2 & ! alleg$ t5d5cy
 ( mod]n social developm5t to break up !
 family ne$ al>m nobody4 ,we _c break up
 ! facts ( k9%ip nor eradicate its      
natural emotional consequ5ces4 ,:at we c
 d & ought to d is to set p free to     
behave naturally & to *ange _! behavior 
z circum/ances *ange4 ,to impose on a   
citiz5 ( ,london ! family duties ( a    
,highl& cat]an 9 ! eighte5? c5tury is z 
absurd z to compel him to c>ry a        
claymore & t>get in/ead ( an umbrella4  
,! civiliz$ man has no special use =    
c\s9s2 & he may pres5tly f9d t he has no
 special use = bro!rs & si/]s4 ,! p>5t  
seems likely to rema9 indisp5sable2 b   
!re is no reason :y t natural tie %\ld  

be made ! excuse = unnatural            
aggravations ( x1 z cru%+ to ! p>5t z !y
 are oppressive to ! *ild4 ,! "m & fa!r 
w n always h to %\ld] ! bur!n (         
ma9t5ance :i* %\ld fall on ! ,atlas     
%\ld]s ( ! fa!rl& & mo!rl&4 ,p5d+ su*   
re=ms & emancipations1 a %att]+ break-up
 ( ! p>5tal home mu/ rema9 "o ( ! normal
 incid5ts ( m>riage4 ,! p>5t is left    
lonely & ! *ild is n4 ,woe to ! old if  
!y h no imp]sonal int]e/s1 no           
convictions1 no public causes to        
advance1 no ta/es or hobbies6 ,x is well
 to be a "m b n to be a "m-9-law2 & if  
m5 7 cut (f artificially f intellectual 
& public int]e/s z wom5 are1 !          
fa!r-9-law w\ld be z deplorable a figure
 9 popul> tradition z ! "m-9-law4  ,x is
 n to be wond]$ at t "s p hold t blood  
relation%ip %\ld be kept a secret f !   
p]sons relat$1 & t ! happie/ condition 9
 ?is respect is t ( ! f\ndl+ :o1 if he  
ev] meets 8 p>5ts or bro!rs or si/]s1   
passes !m by )\t kn[+ !m4 ,& = su* a    
view !re is ?is to be said3 t our family

 sy/em does unque/ionably take ! natural
 bond betwe5 memb]s ( ! same family1    
:i*1 l all natural bonds1 is n too tight
 to be borne1 & sup]imposes on x a      
pa9ful burd5 ( =c$1 inculcat$1 sugge/$1 
& altoge!r unnecess>y affection &       
responsibility :i* we %\ld d well to get
 rid ( by mak+ relatives z indep5d5t (  
"o ano!r z possible4     ,! ,fate ( !   
,family  ,! difficulty ( induc+ p to    
talk s5sibly ab\t ! family is ! same z t
 :i* ,i po9t$ out 9 a previ\s volume z  
confus+ discussions ( m>riage4 ,m>riage 
is n a s+le inv>iable in/itution3 x     
*anges f civilization to civilization1 f
 religion to religion1 f civil code to  
civil code1 f fronti] to fronti]4 ,!    
family is /ill m v>iable1 because !     
numb] ( p]sons con/itut+ a family1      
unlike ! numb] ( p]sons con/itut+ a     
m>riage1 v>ies f "o to tw5ty3 inde$1 :5 
a wid[] ) a family m>ries a wid[ ) a    
family1 & ! two produce a ?ird family1  
ev5 t v high numb] may be surpass$4 ,& !
 conditions may v>y betwe5 opposite     

extremes3 = example1 9 a ,london or     
,p>is slum e *ild adds to ! burd5 (     
pov]ty & helps to />ve ! p>5ts & all !  
o!r *ildr51 :]eas 9 a settlem5t ( pione]
 coloni/s e *ild1 f ! mom5t x is big    
en\gh to l5d a h& to ! family indu/ry1  
is an inve/m5t 9 :i* ! only dang] is t (
 tempor>y ov]-capitalization4 ,!n !re   
are ! v>iations 9 family s5tim5t4       
,sometimes ! family organization is z   
frankly political z ! organization ( an 
army or an indu/ry3 fa!rs be+ no m      
expect$ to be s5tim5tal ab\t _! *ildr5  
?an colonels ab\t soldi]s1 or factory   
own]s ab\t _! employees1 ?\gh ! "m may  
be all[$ a little t5d]ness if h] "* is  
weak4 ,! ,roman fa!r 0 a despot3 !      
,*9ese fa!r is an object ( wor%ip3 !    
s5tim5tal mod]n we/]n fa!r is (t5 a     
play-fell[ look$ to = toys &            
pocket-money4 ,! f>m] sees 8 *ildr5     
con/antly3 ! squire sees !m only dur+ ! 
holidays1 & n !n (t5] ?an he c help3 !  
tram conductor1 :5 employ$ by a jo9t    
/ock company1 sometimes nev] sees !m at 

all4  ,"u su* circum/ances phrases l ,! 
,influ5ce ( ,home ,life1 ,! ,family1 ,! 
,dome/ic ,he>?1 & s on1 are no m        
specific ?an ,! ,mammals1 or ,! ,man ,9 
,! ,/reet2 & ! pi\s g5]alizations f\nd$ 
s glibly on !m by our s5tim5tal morali/s
 are unworkable4 ,:5 h\seholds av]age   
twelve p]sons ) ! sexes ab\t equally    
repres5t$1 ! results may be fairly good4
 ,:5 !y av]age ?ree ! results may be v  
bad inde$2 & to lump ! two toge!r "u !  
g5]al t]m ,! ,family is to confuse ! "q 
hopelessly4 ,! mod]n small family is mu*
 too /uffy3 *ildr5 br\ght up at home 9 x
 are unfit = society4 ,b "h aga9        
circum/ances diff]4 ,if ! p>5ts live 9  
:at is call$ a g>d5 suburb1 :]e !re is a
 good deal ( social int]c\rse1 & !      
family1 in/ead ( keep+ itself to itself1
 z ! evil old say+ is1 & gl[]+ at !     
neighbors ov] ! bl9ds ( ! long /reet 9  
:i* nobody kn[s 8 neighbor & ev]yone    
wi%es to deceive him z to 8 income &    
social importance1 is 9 effect brok5 up 
by s*ool life1 by out-(-door habits1 &  

by frank neighborly int]c\rse ?r\gh     
dances & conc]ts & !atricals &          
excursions & ! l1 families ( f\r may    
turn out mu* less b>b>\s citiz5s ?an    
families ( t5 :i* atta9 ! ,bo] ideal (  
be+ out ( sight ( "o ano!r's *imney     
smoke4  ,all "o c say is1 r\ghly1 t !   
homeli] ! home1 & ! m famili> ! family1 
! worse = ev]ybody conc]n$4 ,! family   
ideal is a humbug & a nuisance3 "o might
 z reasonably talk ( ! b>rack ideal1 or 
! =eca/le ideal1 or any o!r sub/itution 
( ! ma*9]y ( social organization = ! end
 ( x1 :i* mu/ always be ! fulle/ & mo/  
capable life3 9 %ort1 ! mo/ godly life4 
,& ?is significant ^w rem9ds u t ?\gh ! 
popul> conception ( heav5 includes a    
,holy ,family1 x does n atta* to t      
family ! notion ( a sep>ate home1 or a  
private nurs]y or kit*5 or "m-9-law1 or 
any?+ t con/itutes ! family z we "k x4  
,ev5 blood relation%ip is miracul\sly   
ab/ract$ f x2 & ! ,fa!r is ! fa!r ( all 
*ildr51 ! "m ! "m ( all mo!rs & babies1 
& ! ,son ! ,son ( ,man & ! ,savior ( 8  

bro!rs3 "o ^: *ief utt]ance on ! subject
 ( ! conv5tional family 0 an invitation 
to all ( u to leave our families & foll[
 him1 & to leave ! dead to bury ! dead1 
& n debau* ourselves at t gloomy fe/ival
 ! family fun]al1 ) its sequel ( hide\s 
m\rn+ & grief :i* is ei!r affect$ or    
morbid4     ,family ,m\rn+  ,i d n "k h[
 f> ?is dete/able cu/om ( m\rn+ is c>ri$
 9 ,france2 b judg+ f ! appe>ance ( !   
,fr5* p ,i %\ld say t a ,fr5*woman goes 
into m\rn+ = h] c\s9s to ! sev5te5?     
degree4 ,! result is t :5 ,i cross !    
,*annel ,i seem to h rea*$ a c\ntry     
deva/at$ by w> or pe/il5ce4 ,x is really
 suff]+ only f ! family4 ,w anyone      
pret5d t ,engl& has n ! be/ ( ?is /rik+ 
diff]5ce8 ,yet x is su* s5seless &      
unnatural conv5tions z ?is t make u s   
impati5t ( :at we call family feel+4    
,ev5 ap>t f its insuff]able pret5sions1 
! family ne$s he>ty discr$it+2 = !re is 
h>dly any vuln]able "p ( x t c\ld n be  
amputat$ ) advantage4     ,art ,tea*+   
,by art tea*+ ,i ha/5 to say t ,i d n   

mean giv+ *ildr5 lessons 9 freeh& draw+ 
& p]spective4 ,i am simply call+        
att5tion to ! fact t f9e art is ! only  
tea*] except torture4 ,i h already po9t$
 out t nobody1 except "u ?reat (        
torture1 c read a s*ool book4 ,! reason 
is t a s*ool book is n a "w ( art4      
,simil>ly1 y _c li/5 to a lesson or a   
s]mon unless ! tea*] or ! prea*] is an  
arti/4 ,y _c read ! ,bible if y h no    
s5se ( lit]>y art4 ,! reason :y !       
cont95tal ,european is1 to ! ,engli%man 
or ,am]ican1 s surpris+ly ignorant ( !  
,bible1 is t ! au?oriz$ ,engli% v]sion  
is a great "w ( lit]>y art1 & !         
cont95tal v]sions are comp>atively      
artless4 ,to read a dull book2 to li/5  
to a t$i\s play or prosy s]mon or       
lecture2 to />e at un9t]e/+ pictures or 
ugly build+s3 no?+1 %ort ( disease1 is m
 dreadful ?an ?is4 ,! viol5ce done to   
our s\ls by x leaves injuries & produces
 subtle maladies :i* h nev] be5 prop]ly 
/udi$ by psy*o-pa?ologi/s4 ,yet we are s
 inur$ to x 9 s*ool1 :]e practically all

 ! tea*]s are bores try+ to d ! "w (    
arti/s1 & all ! books artless1 t we     
acquire a truly frightful p[] ( endur+  
bor$om4 ,we ev5 acquire ! notion t f9e  
art is lascivi\s & de/ructive to ! "*4  
,9 *ur*1 9 ! ,h\se ( ,commons1 at public
 meet+s1 we sit solemnly li/5+ to bores 
& twaddl]s because f ! "t we c\ld walk  
or speak we h be5 snubb$1 scold$1       
bulli$1 beat5 & imprison$ :5ev] we d>$  
to res5t be+ bor$ or twaddl$ at1 or to  
express our natural impati5ce & d]ision 
( bores & twaddl]s4 ,& :5 a man arises )
 a s\l ( suffici5t native /r5g? to break
 ! bonds ( ?is inculcat$ rev]5ce & to   
expose & d]ide & tweak ! noses ( our    
humbugs & panj&rums1 l ,voltaire or     
,dick5s1 we are %ock$ & sc&aliz$1 ev5 :5
 we _c help laugh+4 ,worse1 we dread &  
p]secute ^? :o c see & decl>e ! tru?1   
because _! s9c]ity & insight reflects on
 our delusion & bl9dness4 ,we are all l 
,nell ,gwynne's footman1 :o def5d$      
,nell's reputation ) 8 fi/s1 n because  
he believ$ h] to be :at he call$ an     

hone/ woman1 b because he object$ to be 
scorn$ z ! footman ( "o :o 0 no bett]   
?an %e %\ld be4  ,?is wret*$ p[] ( all[+
 ourselves to be bor$ may seem to give !
 f9e arts a *ance sometimes4 ,p w sit   
?r\gh a p]=mance ( ,bee?ov5's n9?       
symphony or ( ,wagn]'s ,r+ j z !y w sit 
?r\gh a dull s]mon or a front b5*       
politician say+ no?+ = two h\rs :il/ 8  
un=tunate c\ntry is p]i%+ ?r\gh ! delay 
( its bus9ess 9 ,p>liam5t4 ,b _!        
endurance is v bad = ! n9? symphony1    
because !y nev] hiss :5 x is murd]$4 ,i 
h he>d an ,italian conductor 7no long]  
liv+7 take ! adagio ( t symphony at a   
lively allegretto1 sl[+ d[n = ! w>m]    
major sections into ! spe$ & mann] ( !  
h]o9e's dea? song 9 a ,v]di op]a2 & !   
li/5]s1 f> f reliev+ my excruciation by 
ris+ ) yells ( fury & hurl+ _! programs 
& op]a glasses at ! miscreant1 behav$ j 
z !y d :5 ,ri*t] conducts x4 ,! mass (  
impo/ure t ?rives on ?is comb9ation (   
ignorance ) despair+ endurance is       
incalculable4 ,giv5 a public tra9$ f    

*ildhood to /& any?+ t$i\s1 & s saturat$
 ) s*ool discipl9e t ev5 ) ! doors op5 &
 no s*oolma/]s to /op !m !y w sit !re   
helplessly until ! end ( ! conc]t or    
op]a gives !m leave to g home2 & y w h 9
 great capitals hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( p\nds 
sp5t e night 9 ! season on pr(ess$ly    
arti/ic ent]ta9m5ts :i* h no o!r effect 
on f9e art ?an to exac]bate ! hatr$ 9   
:i* x is already secretly held 9 ,engl&4
  ,=tunately1 !re are arts t _c be cut  
(f f ! p by bad p]=mances4 ,we c read   
books = ourselves2 & we c play a good   
deal ( f9e music = ourselves ) ! help ( 
a pianola4 ,no?+ /&s betwe5 u & ! actual
 h&work ( ! great ma/]s ( pa9t+ except  
di/ance2 & mod]n photographic me?ods (  
reproduction are 9 "s cases q & 9 _m    
ne>ly z effective 9 convey+ ! arti/'s   
message z a mod]n edition ( ,%akespe>'s 
plays is 9 convey+ ! message t fir/     
exi/$ 9 8 h&writ+4 ,! reproduction (    
great feats ( musical execution is      
already on ! way3 ! phonograph1 = all   
its :eez+ & sn>l+ & bray+1 is /eadily   

improv+ 9 its mann]s2 & :at ) ?is       
improvem5t on ! "o h&1 & on ! o!r t     
bless$ selective faculty :i* enables u  
to ignore a good deal ( disagreeable    
noise if !re is a ?read ( music 9 !     
middle ( x 7few critics ( ! phonograph  
seem to be consci\s ( ! v consid]able   
me*anical noise set up by *oirs &       
or*e/ras7 we h at la/ rea*$ a po9t at   
:i*1 = example1 a p]son liv+ 9 an       
,engli% village :]e ! *ur* music is !   
only music1 & t music is made by a few  
well-int5tion$ ladies ) ! help ( a      
h>monium1 c he> masses by ,pale/r9a v   
passably execut$1 & c !reby be l$ to !  
discov]y t ,jackson 9 ,f & ,hymns       
,anci5t & ,mod]n are n p]haps ! la/ ^w (
 beauty & propriety 9 ! praise ( ,god4  
,9 %ort1 !re is a va/ body ( art n[ )9 !
 rea* ( ev]ybody4 ,! difficulty is t ?is
 art1 :i* alone c educate u 9 grace (   
body & s\l1 & :i* alone c make ! hi/ory 
( ! pa/ live = u or ! hope ( ! future   
%9e = u1 :i* alone c give delicacy &    
nobility to our crude lu/s1 :i* is !    

appo9t$ vehicle ( inspiration & ! me?od 
( ! communion ( sa9ts1 is actually br&$ 
z s9ful among u because1 :]ev] x arises1
 !re is resi/ance to tyranny1 break+ (  
fett]s1 & ! brea? ( fre$om4 ,! attempt  
to suppress art is n :olly successful3  
we might z well try to suppress oxyg54  
,b x is c>ri$ f> en\gh to inflict on    
huge numb]s ( p a mo/ injuri\s art      
/>vation1 & to corrupt a great deal ( ! 
art t is tol]at$4 ,y w f9d 9 ,engl&     
pl5ty ( ri* families ) little m culture 
?an _! dogs & horses4 ,& y w f9d poor   
families1 cut (f by pov]ty & t[n life f 
! contemplation ( ! beauty ( ! e>?1 )   
its dresses ( leaves1 its sc>ves ( cl\d1
 & its cont\rs ( hill & valley1 :o w\ld 
positively be happi] z hogs1 s little h 
!y cultivat$ _! humanity by ! only      
effective in/rum5t ( culture3 art4 ,!   
de>? is artificially ma9ta9$ ev5 :5 !re 
are ! means ( satisfy+ x4 ,/ory books   
are =bidd51 picture po/ c>ds are =bidd51
 !atres are =bidd51 op]as are =bidd51   
circuses are =bidd51 sweetmeats are     

=bidd51 pretty colors are =bidd51 all   
exactly z vice is =bidd54 ,! ,creator is
 explicitly pray$ to1 & implicitly      
convict$ ( indec5cy e day4 ,an          
association ( vice & s9 ) ev]y?+ t is   
delightful & ( goodness ) ev]y?+ t is   
wret*$ & dete/able is set up4 ,all ! mo/
 p]il\s 7& glori\s7 appetites &         
prop5sities are at once inflam$ by      
/>vation & un$ucat$ by art4 ,all !      
:olesome conditions :i* art imposes on  
appetite are waiv$3 in/ead ( cultivat$  
m5 & wom5 re/ra9$ by a ?\s& delicacies1 
repell$ by ugl9ess1 *ill$ by vulg>ity1  
horrifi$ by co>s5ess1 deeply & sweetly  
mov$ by ! graces t art has reveal$ to !m
 & nurs$ 9 !m1 we get indiscrim9ate     
rapacity 9 pursuit ( pleasure & a p>ade 
( ! grosse/ /imulations 9 cat]+ = x4 ,we
 h a cont9ual clamor = goodness1 beauty1
 virtue1 & sanctity1 ) su* an appall+   
inability to recognize x or love x :5 x 
arrives t x is m dang]\s to be a great  
prophet or poet ?an to promote tw5ty    
companies = sw9dl+ simple folk out ( _! 

sav+s4 ,d n = a mom5t suppose t         
uncultivat$ p are m]ely indiff]5t to    
high & noble qualities4 ,!y hate !m     
malignantly4 ,at be/1 su* qualities are 
l r>e & beautiful birds3 :5 !y appe> !  
:ole c\ntry takes d[n its guns2 b !     
birds receive ! /atu>y tribute ( hav+ _!
 corpses /uff$4  ,& x really all comes f
 ! habit ( prev5t+ *ildr5 f be+         
tr\blesome4 ,y are s c>eful ( y\r boy's 
morals1 kn[+ h[ tr\blesome !y may be1 t 
y keep him away f ! ,v5us ( ,milo only  
to f9d him 9 ! arms ( ! scull]y maid or 
someone mu* worse4 ,y decide t ! ,h]mes 
( ,praxiteles & ,wagn]'s ,tri/an are n  
suit$ = "y girls2 & y\r daught] m>ries  
somebody appall+ly unlike ei!r ,h]mes or
 ,tri/an solely to escape f y\r p>5tal  
protection4 ,y h n /ifl$ a s+le passion 
nor av]t$ a s+le dang]3 y h deprav$ !   
passions by />v+ !m1 & brok5 d[n all !  
def5ces :i* s effectively protect *ildr5
 br\ght up 9 fre$om4 ,y h m5 :o imag9e  
!mselves to be m9i/]s ( religion op5ly  
decl>+ t :5 !y pass ?r\gh ! /reets !y h 

to keep out 9 ! :eel$ traffic to avoid !
 temptations ( ! pavem5t4 ,y h !m       
organiz+ hunts ( ! wom5 :o tempt        
!m--poor creatures :om no arti/ w\ld t\*
 )\t a %udd]--& wildly clamor+ = m clo!s
 to disguise & conceal ! body1 & = !    
abolition ( pictures1 /atues1 !atres1 & 
pretty colors4 ,& incr$ible z x seems1  
^! unhappy lunatics are left at l>ge1   
unrebuk$1 ev5 admir$ & rev]$1 :il/      
arti/s h to /ruggle = tol]ation4 ,to !m 
an undrap$ human body is ! mo/ mon/r\s1 
! mo/ blight+1 ! mo/ obsc5e1 ! mo/      
unbe>able spectacle 9 ! univ]se4 ,to an 
arti/ x is1 at its be/1 ! mo/ admirable 
spectacle 9 nature1 &1 at its av]age1 an
 object ( indiff]5ce4 ,if e rag ( clo?+ 
miracul\sly dropp$ f ! inhabitants (    
,london at noon tomorr[ 7say z a        
prelim9>y to ! ,great ,judgm5t71 !      
arti/ic p w\ld n turn a hair2 b !       
artless p w\ld g mad & call on ! m\nta9s
 to hide !m4 ,i submit t ?is indicates a
 ?or\ghly heal?y /ate on ! "p ( !       
arti/s1 & a ?or\ghly morbid "o on ! "p (

 ! artless4 ,& ! heal?y /ate is         
atta9able 9 a cold c\ntry l ours only by
 famili>ity ) ! undrap$ figure acquir$  
?r\gh pictures1 /atues1 & !atrical      
repres5tations 9 :i* an illusion (      
natural clo!slessness is produc$ & made 
poetic4  ,9 %ort1 we all gr[ up /upid & 
mad to j ! ext5t to :i* we h n be5      
arti/ically educat$2 & ! fact t ?is ta9t
 ( /upidity & madness has to be tol]at$ 
because x is g5]al1 & is ev5 boa/$ ( z  
*>act]i/ically ,engli%1 makes !         
situation all ! worse4 ,x is becom+     
exce$+ly grave at pres5t1 because ! la/ 
ray ( art is be+ cut (f f our s*ools by 
! discont9uance ( religi\s education4   
,! ,impossibility ( ,secul> ,education  
,n[ *ildr5 mu/ be taught "s sort (      
religion4 ,secul> education is an       
impossibility4 ,secul> education comes  
to ?is3 t ! only reason = ceas+ to d    
evil & le>n+ to d well is t if y d n y w
 be can$4 ,?is is worse ?an be+ taught 9
 a *ur* s*ool t if y become a diss5t] y 
w g to hell2 = hell is pres5t$ z !      

in/rum5t ( some?+ et]nal1 div9e1 &      
inevitable3 y _c evade x ! mom5t !      
s*oolma/]'s back is turn$4 ,:at confuses
 ?is issue & leads ev5 highly intellig5t
 religi\s p]sons to advocate secul>     
education z a means ( rescu+ *ildr5 f ! 
/rife ( rival proselytiz]s is ! failure 
to di/+ui% betwe5 ! *ild's p]sonal      
subjective ne$ = a religion & its "r to 
an imp>tially communicat$ hi/orical     
objective k ( all ! cre$s & ,*ur*es4 ,j 
z a *ild1 no matt] :at its race & color 
may be1 %\ld "k t !re are black m5 &    
br[n m5 & yell[ m51 &1 no matt] :at its 
political convictions may be1 t !re are 
,mon>*i/s & ,republicans & ,positivi/s1 
,sociali/s & ,unsociali/s1 s x %\ld "k t
 !re are ,*ri/ians & ,mahometans &      
,buddhi/s & ,%9toi/s & s =?1 & t !y are 
on ! av]age j z hone/ & well-behav$ z   
its own fa!r4 ,= example1 x %\ld n be   
told t ,allah is a false god set up by !
 ,turks & ,arabs1 :o w all be damn$ =   
tak+ t lib]ty2 b x %\ld be told t _m    
,engli% p ?9k s1 & t _m ,turks & ,arabs 

?9k ! conv]se ab\t ,engli% p4 ,x %\ld be
 taught t ,allah is simply ! "n by :i*  
,god is kn[n to ,turks & ,arabs1 :o are 
j z eligible = salvation z any ,*ri/ian4
 ,fur!r1 t ! practical reason :y a      
,turki% *ild %\ld pray 9 a mosque & an  
,engli% *ild 9 a *ur* is t z wor%ip is  
organiz$ 9 ,turkey 9 mosques 9 ! "n (   
,mahomet & 9 ,engl& 9 *ur*es 9 ! "n (   
,*ri/1 a ,turki% *ild jo9+ ! ,*ur* (    
,engl& or an ,engli% *ild foll[+        
,mahomet w f9d t x has no place = its   
wor%ip & no organization ( its religion 
)9 its rea*4 ,any o!r tea*+ ( ! hi/ory &
 pres5t facts ( religion is false tea*+1
 & is politically extremely dang]\s 9 an
 empire 9 :i* a huge majority ( ! fell[ 
subjects ( ! gov]n+ isl& d n pr(ess !   
religion ( t isl&4  ,b ?is objectivity1 
?\gh intellectually hone/1 tells ! *ild 
only :at o!r p believe4 ,:at x %\ld     
itself believe is q ano!r matt]4 ,! sort
 ( ,rationalism :i* says to a *ild ,y   
mu/ susp5d y\r judgm5t until y are old  
en\gh to *oose y\r religion is          

,rationalism gone mad4 ,! *ild mu/ h a  
consci5ce & a code ( honor 7:i* is !    
ess5ce ( religion7 ev5 if x be only a   
provisional "o1 to be revis$ at its     
confirmation4 ,= confirmation is meant  
to signalize a spiritual com+ ( age1 &  
may be a repudiation4 ,really active    
s\ls h _m confirmations & repudiations z
 _! life deep5s & _! k wid5s4 ,b :at is 
to guide ! *ild be=e its fir/           
confirmation8 ,n m]e ord]s1 because     
ord]s mu/ h a sanction ( "s sort or :y  
%\ld ! *ild obey !m8 ,if1 z a ,secul>i/1
 y refuse to tea* any sanction1 y mu/   
say ,y w be puni%$ if y disobey4 ,yes1  
says ! *ild to itself1 if ,i am f\nd    
out2 b wait until y\r back is turn$ & ,i
 w d z ,i l1 & lie ab\t x4 ,!re c be no 
objective puni%m5t = successful fraud2 &
 z no espionage c cov] ! :ole range ( a 
*ild's conduct1 ! up%ot is t ! *ild     
becomes a li> & s*em] ) an atrophi$     
consci5ce4 ,& a good _m ( ! ord]s giv5  
to x are n obey$ aft] all4 ,?us !       
,secul>i/ :o is n a fool is =c$ to      

appeal to ! *ild's vital impulse t[>ds  
p]fection1 to ! div9e sp>k2 & no        
resolution n to call ?is impulse an     
impulse ( loyalty to ! ,fell[%ip ( !    
,holy ,gho/1 or ob$i5ce to ! ,w ( ,god1 
or any o!r /&>d !ological t]m1 c alt] ! 
fact t ! ,secul>i/ has /epp$ outside    
,secul>ism & is educat+ ! *ild          
religi\sly1 ev5 if he insi/s on         
repudiat+ t pi\s adv]b & sub/itut+ ! ^w 
metaphysically4     ,natural ,selection 
z a ,religion  ,we mu/ make up our m9ds 
to x !re=e t :atev] measures we may be  
=c$ to take to prev5t ! recruit+        
s]geants ( ! ,*ur*es1 free or e/abli%$1 
f obta9+ an exclusive "r ( entry to     
s*ools1 we %all n be able to exclude    
religion f !m4 ,! mo/ horrible ( all    
religions3 t :i* tea*es u to reg>d      
ourselves z ! helpless prey ( a s]ies ( 
s5seless accid5ts call$ ,natural        
,selection1 is all[$ & ev5 welcom$ 9    
s-call$ secul> s*ools because x is1 9 a 
s5se1 ! negation ( all religion2 b =    
s*ool purposes a religion is a belief   

:i* affects conduct2 & no belief affects
 conduct m radically & (t5 s disa/r\sly 
z ! belief t ! univ]se is a product (   
,natural ,selection4 ,:at is m1 ! !ory (
 ,natural ,selection _c be kept out (   
s*ools1 because _m ( ! natural facts t  
pres5t ! mo/ plausible appe>ance (      
design c be acc\nt$ = by ,natural       
,selection2 & x w\ld be s absurd to keep
 a *ild 9 delusive ignorance ( s pot5t a
 factor 9 evolution z to keep x 9       
ignorance ( radiation or capill>y       
attraction4 ,ev5 if y make a religion ( 
,natural ,selection1 & tea* ! *ild to   
reg>d itself z ! irresponsible prey (   
its circum/ances & appetites 7or its    
h]$ity z y w p]haps call !m71 y w none !
 less f9d t its appetites are /imulat$  
by y\r enc\ragem5t & daunt$ by y\r      
disc\ragem5t2 t "o ( its appetites is an
 appetite = p]fection2 t if y disc\rage 
?is appetite & enc\rage ! crud]         
acquisitive appetites ! *ild w /eal &   
lie & be a nuisance to y2 & t if y      
enc\rage its appetite = p]fection & tea*

 x to atta* a peculi> sacr$ness to x &  
place x be=e ! o!r appetites1 x w be a  
mu* nic] *ild & y w h a mu* easi] job1  
at :i* po9t y w1 9 spite ( y\r          
pseudosci5tific j>gon1 f9d y\rself back 
9 ! old-fa%ion$ religi\s tea*+ z deep z 
,dr4 ,watts & 9 fact fa?oms deep]4      
,moral ,in/ruction ,leagues  ,& n[ !    
voices ( our ,moral ,in/ruction ,leagues
 w be lift$1 ask+ :e!r !re is any reason
 :y ! appetite = p]fection %\ld n be    
cultivat$ 9 rationally sci5tific t]ms   
in/ead ( be+ associat$ ) ! /ory ( ,jonah
 & ! great fi% & ! ?\s& o!r tales t gr[ 
up r\nd religions4 ,yes3 !re are _m     
reasons2 & "o ( !m is t *ildr5 all l !  
/ory ( ,jonah & ! :ale 7!y insi/ on its 
be+ a :ale 9 spite ( demon/rations by   
,bible sma%]s )\t any s5se ( humor t    
,jonah w\ld n h fitt$ into a :ale's     
gullet--z if ! /ory w\ld be cr$ible ( a 
:ale ) an enl>g$ ?roat7 & t no *ild on  
e>? c /& moral in/ruction books or      
cate*isms or any o!r /atem5t ( ! case = 
religion 9 ab/ract t]ms4 ,! object ( a  

moral in/ruction book is n to be        
rational1 sci5tific1 exact1 pro( aga9/  
controv]sy1 nor ev5 cr$ible3 its object 
is to make *ildr5 good2 & if x makes !m 
sick in/ead its place is ! wa/e-pap]    
basket4  ,take = an illu/ration ! /ory (
 ,eli%a & ! be>s4 ,to ! au?ors ( ! moral
 in/ruction books x is 9 ! la/ degree   
repreh5sible4 ,x is obvi\sly n true z a 
record ( fact2 & ! picture x gives u ( !
 temp] ( ,god 7:i* is :at int]e/s an    
adult read]7 is %ock+ & blasphem\s4 ,b x
 is a capital /ory = a *ild4 ,x int]e/s 
a *ild because x is ab\t be>s2 & x      
leaves ! *ild ) an impression t *ildr5  
:o poke fun at old g5tlem5 & make rude  
rem>ks ab\t bald heads are n nice       
*ildr51 :i* is a highly desirable       
impression1 & j z mu* z a *ild is       
capable ( receiv+ f ! /ory4 ,:5 a /ory  
is ab\t ,god & a *ild1 *ildr5 take ,god 
= grant$ & criticize ! *ild4 ,adults d !
 opposite1 & are !reby l$ to talk great 
nons5se ab\t ! bad effect ( ,bible      
/ories on infants4  ,b let no "o ?9k t a

 *ild or anyone else c le>n religion f a
 tea*] or a book or by any academic     
process :atev]4 ,x is only by an        
unfett]$ access to ! :ole body ( ,f9e   
,art3 t is1 to ! :ole body ( inspir$    
revelation1 t we c build up t conception
 ( div9ity to :i* all virtue is an      
aspiration4 ,& to hope to f9d ?is body (
 art purifi$ f all t is obsolete or     
dang]\s or fi]ce or lu/y1 or to pick &  
*oose :at w be good = any p>ticul> *ild1
 mu* less = all *ildr51 is ! %all[e/ (  
vanities4 ,su* s*oolma/]ly selection is 
nei!r possible nor desirable4 ,ignorance
 ( evil is n virtue b imbecility3 admir+
 x is l giv+ a prize = hone/y to a man  
:o has n /ol5 y\r wat* because he did n 
"k y _h "o4 ,virtue *ooses good f evil2 
& )\t k !re c be no *oice4 ,& ev5 ?is is
 a dang]\s simplification ( :at actually
 occurs4 ,we are n *oos+3 we are gr[+4  
,7 y to cut all ( :at y call ! evil out 
( a *ild1 x w\ld drop dead4 ,if y try to
 /ret* x to full human /ature :5 x is t5
 ye>s old1 y w simply pull x into two   

pieces & be hang$4 ,& :5 y try to d ?is 
morally1 :i* is :at p>5ts & s*oolma/]s  
are do+ e day1 y ought to be hang$2 & "s
 day1 :5 we take a s5sible view ( !     
matt]1 y w be2 & s]ve y "r4 ,! *ild does
 n /& betwe5 a good & a bad angel3 :at x
 has to deal ) is a middl+ angel :o1 9  
normal heal?y cases1 wants to be a good 
angel z fa/ z x c )\t kill+ itself 9 !  
process1 :i* is a dang]\s "o4  ,!re=e   
!re is no "q ( provid+ ! *ild ) a       
c>efully regulat$ access to good art4   
,!re is no good art1 any m ?an !re is   
good any?+ else 9 ! absolute s5se4 ,art 
t is too good = ! *ild w ei!r tea* x    
no?+ or drive x mad1 z ! ,bible has     
driv5 _m p mad :o might h kept _! sanity
 _h !y be5 all[$ to read mu* l[] =ms (  
lit]ature4 ,! practical moral is t we   
mu/ read :atev] /ories1 see :atev]      
pictures1 he> :atev] songs & symphonies1
 g to :atev] plays we l4 ,we %all n l ^?
 :i* h no?+ to say to u2 & ?\gh ev]yone 
has a "r to bias our *oice1 no "o has a 
"r to deprive u ( x by keep+ u f any "w 

( art or any "w ( art f u4  ,i may n[   
say )\t dang] ( be+ misund]/ood t !     
popul> ,engli% compromise call$ ,c[p]   
,templeism 7unsect>ian ,bible education7
 is n s silly z x looks4 ,x is true t ! 
,bible inculcates half a doz5 religions3
 "s ( !m b>b>\s2 "s cynical &           
pessimi/ic2 "s amori/ic & romantic2 "s  
sceptical & *all5g+2 "s k9dly1 simple1 &
 intuitional2 "s sophi/ical &           
intellectual2 none suit$ to ! "* &      
conditions ( we/]n civilization unless x
 be ! ,*ri/ianity :i* 0 f9ally suppress$
 by ! ,crucifixion1 & has nev] be5 put  
into practice by any ,/ate be=e or s9ce4
 ,b ! ,bible conta9s ! anci5t lit]ature 
( a v rem>kable ,ori5tal race2 & !      
imposition ( ?is lit]ature1 on :atev]   
false pret5ces1 on our *ildr5 left !m m 
lit]ate ?an if !y knew no lit]ature at  
all1 :i* 0 ! practical alt]native4 ,& z 
our ,au?oriz$ ,v]sion is a great "w (   
art z well1 to "k x 0 bett] ?an kn[+ no 
art1 :i* also 0 ! practical alt]native4 
,x is at lea/ n a s*ool book2 & x is n a

 bad /ory book1 horrible z "s ( ! /ories
 are4 ,!re=e z betwe5 ! ,bible & ! blank
 repres5t$ by secul> education1 ! *oice 
is ) ! ,bible4     ,! ,bible  ,b !      
,bible is n suffici5t4 ,! real ,bible ( 
mod]n ,europe is ! :ole body ( great    
lit]ature 9 :i* ! inspiration &         
revelation ( ,hebrew ,scripture has be5 
cont9u$ to ! pres5t day4 ,nietzs*e's    
,?us ,spake ,zoroa/] is less com=t+ to !
 ill & unhappy ?an ! ,psalms2 b x is mu*
 tru]1 subtl]1 & m edify+4 ,! pleasure  
we get f ! rhetoric ( ! book ( ,job &   
its tragic picture ( a bewild]$ s\l _c  
disguise ! ignoble irrelevance ( !      
retort ( ,god ) :i* x closes1 or supply 
! ne$ ( su* mod]n revelations z         
,%elley's ,prome!us or ,! ,niblung's ,r+
 ( ,ri*>d ,wagn]4 ,!re is no?+ 9 !      
,bible great] 9 inspiration ?an         
,bee?ov5's n9? symphony2 & ! p[] ( mod]n
 music to convey t inspiration to a     
mod]n man is f> great] ?an t (          
,elizabe?an ,engli%1 :i* is1 except = p 
/eep$ 9 ! ,bible f *ildhood l ,sir      

,walt] ,scott & ,rusk91 a dead language4
  ,besides1 _m :o h no e> = lit]ature or
 = music are accessible to ar*itecture1 
to pictures1 to /atues1 to dresses1 & to
 ! arts ( ! /age4 ,e device ( art %\ld  
be br\ght to be> on ! "y2 s t !y may    
discov] "s =m ( x t delights !m         
naturally2 = !re w come to all ( !m t   
p]iod betwe5 dawn+ adolesc5ce & full    
maturity :5 ! pleasures & emotions ( art
 w h to satisfy crav+s :i*1 if />v$ or  
insult$1 may become morbid & seek       
disgraceful satisfactions1 &1 if        
prematurely gratifi$ o!rwise ?an        
poetically1 may de/roy ! /am9a ( ! race4
 ,& x mu/ be borne 9 m9d t ! mo/ dang]\s
 art = ?is necess>y purpose is ! art t  
pres5ts itself z religi\s ec/asy4 ,"y p 
are ripe = love long be=e !y are ripe = 
religion4 ,only a v fooli% p]son w\ld   
sub/itute ! ,imitation ( ,*ri/ =        
,treasure ,isl& z a pres5t = a boy or   
girl1 or = ,byron's ,don ,juan z a      
pres5t = a swa9 or lass4 ,pickwick is ! 
safe/ sa9t = u 9 our nonage4 ,flaub]t's 

,temptation ( ,/ ,an?ony is an excell5t 
book = a man ( fifty1 p]haps ! be/ )9   
rea* z a heal?y /udy ( vision>y ec/asy2 
b = ! purposes ( a boy ( fifte5 ,ivanhoe
 & ! ,templ> make a mu* bett] sa9t &    
devil4 ,& ! boy ( fifte5 w f9d ?is out =
 himself if he is all[$ to w&] 9 a      
well-/ock$ lit]>y g>d51 & he> b&s & see 
pictures & sp5d 8 p5nies on c9ematograph
 %[s4 ,8 *oice may (t5 be r disgu/+ to 8
 eld]s :5 !y want him to *oose ! be/    
be=e he is ready = x4 ,! greate/        
,prote/ant ,manife/o ev] writt51 z f> z 
,i "k1 is ,h\/on ,*amb]la9's ,f\ndations
 ( ! ,n9ete5? ,c5tury3 ev]ybody capable 
( x %\ld read x4 ,probably ! ,hi/ory (  
,m>ia ,monk is at ! opposite extreme (  
m]it 7?is is a guess3 ,i h nev] read x72
 b x is c]ta9 t a boy let loose 9 a     
libr>y w\ld g = ,m>ia ,monk & h no use  
:atev] = ,mr ,*amb]la94 ,i %\ld probably
 h read ,m>ia ,monk myself if ,i _h n _h
 ! ,arabian ,nights & _! l to occupy me 
bett]4 ,9 art1 *ildr51 l adults1 w f9d  
_! level if !y are left free to f9d x1 &

 n re/rict$ to :at adults ?9k good = !m4
 ,j at pres5t our "y p are go+ mad ov]  
ragtimes1 app>5tly because syncopat$    
rhy?ms are new to !m4 ,if !y _h le>nt   
:at c be done ) syncopation f ,bee?ov5's
 ?ird ,leonora ov]ture1 !y w\ld enjoy ! 
ragtimes all ! m2 b !y w\ld put !m 9 _! 
prop] place z amus+ vulg>ities4         
,arti/ ,idolatry  ,b !re are m dang]\s  
influ5ces ?an ragtimes wait+ = p br\ght 
up 9 ignorance ( f9e art4 ,no?+ is m    
pitiably ridicul\s ?an ! wild wor%ip (  
arti/s by ^? :o h nev] be5 season$ 9 y\?
 to ! en*antm5ts ( art4 ,t5ors & prima  
donnas1 piani/s & viol9i/s1 actors &    
actresses enjoy p[]s ( s$uction :i* 9 ! 
middle ages w\ld h expos$ !m to ! risk (
 be+ burnt = sorc]y4 ,b z !y ex]cise ?is
 p[] by s++1 play+1 & act+1 no great h>m
 is done except p]haps to !mselves4 ,f> 
grav] are ! p[]s enjoy$ by brilliant    
p]sons :o are also connoisseurs 9 art4  
,! influ5ce !y c ex]cise on "y p :o h   
be5 br\ght up 9 ! d>kness & wret*$ness (
 a home )\t art1 & 9 :om a natural b5t  

t[>ds art has always be5 baffl$ &       
snubb$1 is incr$ible to ^? :o h n       
witness$ & und]/ood x4 ,he 7or %e7 :o   
reveals ! _w ( art to !m op5s heav5 to  
!m4 ,!y become satellites1 disciples1   
wor%ipp]s ( ! apo/le4 ,n[ ! apo/le may  
be a voluptu>y )\t mu* consci5ce4       
,nature may h giv5 him en\gh virtue to  
suffice 9 a reasonable environm5t4 ,b   
?is all[ance may n be en\gh to def5d him
 aga9/ ! temptation & demoralization (  
f9d+ himself a little god on ! /r5g? (  
:at ought to be a q ord9>y culture4 ,he 
may f9d ador]s 9 all directions 9 our   
uncultivat$ society among p ( /rong] "* 
?an himself1 n "o ( :om1 if !y _h be5   
arti/ically educat$1 w\ld h _h any?+ to 
le>n f him or reg>d$ him z 9 any way    
extraord9>y ap>t f 8 actual a*ievem5ts z
 an arti/4 ,t>tuffe is n always a prie/4
 ,inde$ he is n always a rascal3 he is  
(t5 a weak man absurdly cr$it$ )        
omnisci5ce & p]fection1 & tak+ unfair   
advantages only because !y are (f]$ to  
him & he is too weak to refuse4 ,give   

ev]yone 8 culture1 & no "o w (f] him m  
?an 8 due4  ,9 ?us deliv]+ our *ildr5 f 
! idolatry ( ! arti/1 we %all n de/roy =
 !m ! en*antm5t ( art3 on ! contr>y1 we 
%all tea* !m to dem& art ev]y:]e z a    
condition atta9able by cultivat+ ! body1
 m9d1 & he>t4 ,art1 said ,morris1 is !  
expression ( pleasure 9 "w4 ,& c]ta9ly1 
:5 "w is made dete/able by slav]y1 !re  
is no art4 ,x is only :5 le>n+ is made a
 slav]y by tyrannical tea*]s t art      
becomes loa?some to ! pupil4     ,!     
,ma*9e  ,:5 we set to "w at a           
,con/itution to secure fre$om = *ildr51 
we _h bett] be> 9 m9d t ! *ildr5 may n  
be at all oblig$ to u = our pa9s4       
,r\sseau said t m5 are born free2 & ?is 
say+1 9 its prop] be>+s1 0 & is a great 
& true say+2 yet let x n lead u into !  
error ( suppos+ t all m5 long = fre$om &
 embrace x :5 x is (f]$ to !m4 ,on !    
contr>y1 x has to be =c$ on !m2 & ev5 !n
 !y w give x ! slip if x is n religi\sly
 inculcat$ & /rongly safegu>d$4         
,besides1 m5 are born docile1 & mu/ 9 ! 

nature ( ?+s rema9 s ) reg>d to ev]y?+  
!y d n und]/&4 ,n[ political sci5ce & ! 
art ( gov]nm5t are among ! ?+s !y d n   
und]/&1 & inde$ are n at pres5t all[$ to
 und]/&4 ,!y c be enslav$ by a sy/em1 z 
we are at pres5t1 because x happ5s to be
 !re1 & nobody und]/&s x4 ,an           
intellig5tly work$ ,capitali/ sy/em1 z  
,comte saw1 w\ld give u all t mo/ ( u   
are intellig5t en\gh to want4 ,:at makes
 x produce su* unspeakably vile results 
is t x is an automatic sy/em :i* is z   
little und]/ood by ^? :o pr(it by x 9   
money z by ^? :o are />v$ & degrad$ by  
x3 our millionaires & /atesm5 are       
manife/ly no m capta9s ( indu/ry or     
sci5tific politicians ?an our bookmak]s 
are ma!maticians4 ,= "s "t pa/ a        
significant ^w has be5 com+ into use z a
 sub/itute = ,de/9y1 ,fate1 &           
,provid5ce4 ,x is ,! ,ma*9e3 ! ma*9e t  
has no god 9 x4 ,:y d gov]nm5ts d no?+ 9
 spite ( reports ( ,royal ,commissions t
 e/abli% ! mo/ frightful urg5cy8 ,:y d  
our philan?ropic millionaires d no?+1   

?\gh !y are ready to ?r[ bucketfuls (   
gold into ! /reets8 ,! ,ma*9e w n let   
!m4 ,always ! ,ma*9e4 ,9 %ort1 !y dont  
"k h[4  ,!y try to re=m ,society z an   
old lady might try to re/ore a brok5 d[n
 locomotive by prodd+ x ) a knitt+      
ne$le4 ,& ?is is n at all because !y are
 born fools1 b because !y h be5 educat$1
 n into manhood & fre$om1 b into        
bl9dness & slav]y by _! p>5ts &         
s*oolma/]s1 !mselves ! victims ( a      
simil> misdirection1 & consequ5tly ( ,! 
,ma*9e4 ,!y d n want lib]ty4 ,!y h n be5
 educat$ to want x4 ,!y *oose slav]y &  
inequality2 & all ! o!r evils are       
automatically add$ to !m4  ,& yet we mu/
 h ,! ,ma*9e4 ,x is only 9 unskill$ h&s 
"u ignorant direction t ma*9]y is       
dang]\s4 ,we c no m gov]n mod]n         
communities )\t political ma*9]y ?an we 
c fe$ & clo! !m )\t indu/rial ma*9]y4   
,%att] ,! ,ma*9e1 & y get ,an>*y4 ,& yet
 ,! ,ma*9e works s dete/ably at pres5t t
 we h p :o advocate ,an>*y & call       
!mselves ,an>*i/s4     ,! ,provocation  

to ,an>*ism  ,:at is valid 9 ,an>*ism is
 t all ,gov]nm5ts try to simplify _!    
task by de/roy+ lib]ty & glorify+       
au?ority 9 g5]al & _! own de$s 9        
p>ticul>4 ,b ! difficulty 9 comb9+ law &
 ord] ) free in/itutions is n a natural 
"o4 ,x is a matt] ( inculcation4 ,if p  
are br\ght up to be slaves1 x is useless
 & dang]\s to let !m loose at ! age (   
tw5ty-"o & say ,n[ y are free4 ,no "o ) 
! tam$ s\l & brok5 _s ( a slave c be    
free4 ,x is l say+ to a labor] br\ght up
 on a family income ( ?irte5 %ill+s a   
week1 ,"h is "o hundr$ ?\s& p\nds3 n[ y 
are weal?y4 ,no?+ c make su* a man      
really weal?y4 ,fre$om & weal? are      
difficult & responsible conditions to   
:i* m5 mu/ be accu/om$ & socially tra9$ 
f bir?4 ,a nation t is free at tw5ty-"o 
is n free at all2 j z a man fir/ enri*$ 
at fifty rema9s poor all 8 life1 ev5 if 
he does n curtail x by dr9k+ himself to 
dea? 9 ! fir/ wild ec/asy ( be+ able to 
swall[ z mu* z he likes = ! fir/ "t4 ,y 
_c gov]n m5 br\ght up z slaves o!rwise  

?an z slaves are gov]n$4 ,y may pile    
,bills ( ,"r & ,habeas ,corpus ,acts on 
,great ,*>t]s2 promulgate ,am]ican      
,con/itutions2 burn ! *ateaux &         
guillot9e ! seigneurs2 *op (f ! heads ( 
k+s & que5s & set up ,democracy on !    
ru9s ( feudalism3 ! end ( x all = u is t
 already 9 ! tw5tie? c5tury !re has be5 
z mu* brute co]cion & savage intol]ance1
 z mu* flogg+ & hang+1 z mu* impud5t    
inju/ice on ! b5* & lu/ful rancor 9 !   
pulpit1 z mu* naive resort to torture1  
p]secution1 & suppression ( free spee* &
 fre$om ( ! press1 z mu* w>1 z mu* ( !  
vile/ excess ( mutilation1 rap9e1 &     
deliri\s indiscrim9ate slaught] (       
helpless non-combatants1 old & "y1 z mu*
 pro/itution ( pr(essional tal5t1 lit]>y
 & political1 9 def5ce ( manife/ wrong1 
z mu* c[>dly sycophancy giv+ f9e names  
to all ?is villa9y or pret5d+ t x is    
greatly exagg]at$1 z we c f9d any record
 ( f ! days :5 ! advocacy ( lib]ty 0 a  
capital (f5ce & ,democracy 0 h>dly      
?9kable4 ,democracy exhibits ! vanity ( 

,l\is ,,xiv1 ! savag]y ( ,pet] (        
,russia1 ! nepotism & prov9ciality (    
,napoleon1 ! fickl5ess ( ,ca!r9e ,,ii3 9
 %ort1 all ! *ildi%nesses ( all !       
despots )\t any ( ! qualities t enabl$ !
 greate/ ( !m to fasc9ate & dom9ate _!  
contempor>ies4  ,& ! flatt]]s (         
,democracy are z impud5tly s]vile to !  
successful1 & insol5t to common hone/   
folk1 z ! flatt]]s ( ! mon>*s4          
,democracy 9 ,am]ica has l$ to ! )drawal
 ( ord9>y ref9$ p]sons f politics2 & !  
same result is com+ 9 ,engl& z fa/ z we 
make ,democracy z democratic z x is 9   
,am]ica4 ,?is is true also ( popul>     
religion3 x is s horribly irreligi\s t  
nobody ) ! smalle/ pret5ce to culture1  
or ! lea/ inkl+ ( :at ! great prophets  
va9ly tri$ to make ! _w und]/&1 w h     
any?+ to d ) x except = purely secul>   
reasons4     ,imag9ation  ,be=e we c    
cle>ly und]/& h[ baleful is ?is         
condition ( intimidation 9 :i* we live1 
x is necess>y to cle> up ! confusion    
made by our use ( ! ^w imag9ation to    

d5ote two v diff]5t p[]s ( m9d4 ,"o is !
 p[] to imag9e ?+s z !y are n3 ?is ,i   
call ! romantic imag9ation4 ,! o!r is ! 
p[] to imag9e ?+s z !y are )\t actually 
s5s+ !m2 & ?is ,i w call ! reali/ic     
imag9ation4 ,take = example m>riage &   
w>4 ,"o man has a vision ( p]petual     
bliss ) a dome/ic angel at home1 & (    
fla%+ sabres1 ?und]+ guns1 victori\s    
cavalry *>ges1 & r\t$ enemies 9 ! field4
 ,t is romantic imag9ation2 & ! mis*ief 
x does is incalculable4 ,x beg9s 9 silly
 & selfi% expectations ( ! impossible1 &
 ends 9 spiteful disappo9tm5t1 s\r      
grievance1 cynicism1 & misan?ropic      
resi/ance to any attempt to bett] a     
hopeless _w4 ,! wise man kn[s t         
imag9ation is n only a means ( pleas+   
himself & beguil+ t$i\s h\rs ) romances 
& fairy tales & fools' p>adises 7a q    
def5sible & delightful amusem5t :5 y "k 
exactly :at y are do+ & :]e fancy ends &
 facts beg971 b also a means ( =esee+ & 
be+ prep>$ = realities z yet unexp]i5c$1
 & ( te/+ ! possibility & desirability (

 s]i\s ,utopias4 ,he does n expect 8    
wife to be an angel2 nor does he ov]look
 ! facts t w> dep5ds on ! r\s+ ( all !  
murd]\s blackgu>dism /ill lat5t 9       
mank9d2 t e victory means a defeat2 t   
fatigue1 hung]1 t]ror1 & disease are !  
raw mat]ial :i* romanc]s "w up into     
milit>y glory2 & t soldi]s = ! mo/ "p g 
to w> z *ildr5 g to s*ool1 because !y   
are afraid n to4 ,!y are afraid ev5 to  
say !y are afraid1 z su* c&or is        
puni%able by dea? 9 ! milit>y code4  ,a 
v little reali/ic imag9ation gives an   
ambiti\s p]son enorm\s p[] ov] !        
multitud9\s victims ( ! romantic        
imag9ation4 ,= ! romanc] n only pleases 
himself ) fictiti\s glories3 he also    
t]rifies himself ) imag9>y dang]s4 ,he  
does n ev5 picture :at ^! dang]s are3 he
 conceives ! unkn[n z always dang]\s4   
,:5 y say to a reali/ ,y mu/ d ?is or ,y
 mu/ n d t1 he in/antly asks :at w happ5
 to him if he does 7or does n1 z ! case 
may be74 ,fail+ an unromantic conv9c+   
answ]1 he does j z he pleases unless he 

c f9d = himself a real reason = refra9+4
 ,9 %ort1 ?\gh y c intimidate him1 y _c 
bluff him4 ,b y c always bluff !        
romantic p]son3 inde$ 8 grasp ( real    
consid]ations is s feeble t y f9d x     
necess>y to bluff him ev5 :5 y h solid  
consid]ations to (f] him in/ead4 ,!     
campaigns ( ,napoleon1 ) _! atmosph]e ( 
glory1 illu/rate ?is4 ,9 ! ,russian     
campaign ,napoleon's m>%als a*iev$      
miracles ( bluff1 especially ,ney1 :o1 )
 a h&ful ( m51 mon/r\sly outnumb]$1     
repeat$ly kept ! ,russian troops p>alyz$
 ) t]ror by pure b\nce4 ,napoleon       
himself1 mu* m a reali/ ?an ,ney 7t 0 :y
 he dom9at$ him71 w\ld probably h       
surr5d]$2 = sometimes ! brave/ ( ! brave
 w a*ieve successes nev] attempt$ by !  
clev]e/ ( ! clev]4 ,well+ton 0 a        
complet] reali/ ?an ,napoleon4 ,x 0     
impossible to p]suade ,well+ton t he 0  
beat5 until he actually 0 beat54 ,he 0  
unbluffable2 & if ,napoleon _h und]/ood 
! nature ( ,well+ton's /r5g? in/ead (   
return+ ,well+ton's snobbi% contempt =  

him by an academic contempt = ,well+ton1
 he w\ld n h left ! attack at ,wat]loo  
to ,ney & ,d',erlon1 :o1 on t field1 did
 n "k :5 !y 7 beat51 :]eas ,well+ton    
knew precisely :5 he 0 n beat54 ,!      
unbluffable w\ld h triumph$ anyh[1      
probably1 because ,napoleon 0 an        
academic soldi]1 do+ ! academic ?+ 7!   
attack 9 columns & s =?7 ) sup]lative   
ability & en]gy2 :il/ ,well+ton 0 an    
orig9al soldi] :o1 in/ead ( outdo+ !    
t]rible academic columns ) /ill m       
t]rible & academic columns1 outwitt$ !m 
) ! ?9 r$ l9e1 n ( h]oes1 b1 z ?is      
uncompromis+ reali/ nev] hesitat$ to    
te/ify1 ( ! scum ( ! e>?4     ,gov]nm5t 
by ,bullies  ,^! picturesque m>tial     
incid5ts are be+ reproduc$ e day 9 our  
ord9>y life4 ,we are bluff$ by h>dy     
simpletons & head/rong b\nd]s z !       
,russians 7 bluff$ by ,ney2 & our       
,well+tons are ?readb\nd by             
slave-democracy z ,gulliv] 0 ?readb\nd  
by ! ,lilliputians4 ,we are a mass ( p  
liv+ 9 a submissive r\t9e to :i* we h   

be5 drill$ f our *ildhood4 ,:5 y ask u  
to take ! simple/ /ep outside t r\t9e1  
we say %yly1 ,oh1 ,i really c\ldnt1 or  
,oh1 ,i %\ldnt l to1 )\t be+ able to    
po9t out ! smalle/ h>m t c\ld possibly  
ensue3 victims1 n ( a rational fe> (    
real dang]s1 b ( pure ab/ract fe>1 !    
qu9tess5ce ( c[>dice1 ! v negation ( !  
fe> ( ,god4 ,dott$ ab\t among u are a   
few spirits relatively free f ?is       
inculcat$ p>alysis1 sometimes because !y
 are half-witt$1 sometimes because !y   
are unscrupul\sly selfi%1 sometimes     
because !y are reali/s z to money &     
unimag9ative z to o!r ?+s1 sometimes ev5
 because !y are exceptionally able1 b   
always because !y are n afraid ( %ad[s  
nor oppress$ ) nightm>es4 ,& we see ^!  
few ris+ z if by magic into p[] &       
afflu5ce1 & =m+1 ) ! millionaires :o h  
accid5tally ga9$ huge ri*es by !        
occasional w9dfalls ( our comm]ce1 !    
gov]n+ class4 ,n[ no?+ is m disa/r\s ?an
 a gov]n+ class t does n "k h[ to gov]n4
 ,& h[ c ?is rabble ( ! casual products 

( luck1 cunn+1 & folly1 be expect$ to "k
 h[ to gov]n8 ,! m]ely lucky ones & !   
h]$it>y ones d n owe _! position to _!  
qualifications at all4 ,z to ! re/1 !   
realism :i* seems _! ess5tial           
qualification (t5 consi/s n only 9 a    
lack ( romantic imag9ation1 :i* lack is 
a m]it1 b ( ! reali/ic1 con/ructive1    
,utopian imag9ation1 :i* lack is a      
gha/ly defect4 ,fre$om f imag9ative     
illusion is !re=e no gu>antee :atev] (  
nobility ( "*3 t is :y inculcat$        
submissiv5ess makes u slaves to p mu*   
worse ?an ourselves1 & :y x is s        
important t submissiv5ess %\ld no long] 
be inculcat$4  ,& yet z long z y h !    
compulsory s*ool z we "k x1 we %all h   
submissiv5ess inculcat$4 ,:at is m1     
until ! active h\rs ( *ild life are     
organiz$ sep>ately f ! active h\rs (    
adult life1 s t adults c enjoy ! society
 ( *ildr5 9 reason )\t be+ torm5t$1     
di/urb$1 h>ri$1 burd5$1 & h9d]$ 9 _! "w 
by !m z !y w\ld be n[ if !re 7 no       
compulsory s*ools & no *ildr5 hypnotiz$ 

into ! belief t !y mu/ tamely g to !m & 
be imprison$ & beat5 & ov]-task$ 9 !m1  
we %all h s*ools "u "o pretext or ano!r2
 & we %all h all ! evil consequ5ces &   
all ! social hopelessness t result f    
turn+ a nation ( pot5tial freem5 &      
freewom5 into a nation ( two-legg$      
spoilt spaniels ) ev]y?+ cru%$ out ( _! 
nature except dread ( ! :ip4 ,lib]ty is 
! brea? ( life to nations2 & lib]ty is !
 "o ?+ t p>5ts1 s*oolma/]s1 & rul]s sp5d
 _! lives 9 extirpat+ = ! sake ( an     
imm$iately quiet & f9ally disa/r\s life4
   ,notes on ?is etext3       ,?is text 
0 tak5 f a pr9t$ volume conta9+ !       
plays ,misalliance1 ,! ,d>k ,lady ( !   
,sonnets1      ,fanny's ,fir/ ,play1 & !
 essay ,a ,treatise on ,p>5ts      &    
,*ildr54       ,notes on ! edit+3       
,italiciz$ text is delimit$ )           
und]l9es 774  ,punctuation & spell+     
reta9$ z 9      ! pr9t$ text4 ,%aw      
int5tionally spell$ _m words            
accord+ to a non-/&>d sy/em4  ,=        
example1 don't is      giv5 z dont 7)\t 

apo/rophe71 ,dr4 is giv5 z ,dr      7)\t
 a p]iod at ! end71 & ,%akespe>e is giv5
 z      ,%akespe> 7no e at ! end74  ,!  
p\nd 7curr5cy7      symbol has be5      
replac$ by ! ^w p\nds4