,,ritchie',s ,,fabulae ,,faciles ,a ,,first ,,latin ,,reader ,,edited ,,with ,,notes ,,and ,a ,,vocabulary ,,by ,,john ,,copeland ,,kirtland1 ,jr4 ,professor of ,latin in ,the ,phillips ,exeter ,academy ,,the ,,little ,,that ,,is ,,mine ,,in ,,this ,,little ,,book ,i ,,gratefully ,,dedicate ,,to ,,professor ,,joseph ,,hetherington ,m',,daniels ,,teacher ,,and ,,friend ,,preface ,some time ago a fellow-teacher brought the ,fabulae ,faciles to my notice1 and ,i have since used two of them each year with my class of beginners in ,latin with increasing appreciation4 ,indeed1 ,i know nothing better to introduce the student into the reading of connected narrative1 and to bridge the great gulf between the beginner's book of the prevailing type and the ,latinity of ,caesar or ,nepos4 ,they are adapted to this use not merely by reason of their simplicity and interest1 but more particularly by the graduating of difficulties and the large use of ,caesarian words and phrases to which ,mr4 ,ritchie calls attention in his preface4 ,doubtless many ,american teachers have become familiar with portions of the ,fabulae1 for they have been freely drawn upon in several ,latin readers recently published in this country4 ,i venture to hope that those who have made the acquaintance of the work in this way will welcome a complete edition4 ,in ,england the little book has had a large use4 ,its pedagogical excellencies are well summed up in a letter addressed to ,mr4 ,ritchie by the ,very ,rev4 ,e4,c4 ,wickham1 formerly ,head-,master of ,wellington ,college1 the well-known editor of ,horace3-- ,it launches the student at once in ancient life4 ,the old classical stories1 simply told1 seem to me much the best material for early ,latin reading4 ,they are abundantly interesting2 they are taken for granted in the real literature of the language2 and they can be told without starting the beginner on a wrong track by a barbarous mixture of ancient and modern ideas4 ,it combines1 if ,i may say so1 very skilfully1 the interest of a continuous story1 with the gradual and progressive introduction of constructions and idioms4 ,these seem to me to be introduced at the right moment1 and to be played upon long enough to make them thoroughly familiar4 ,in revising ,mr4 ,ritchie's book for the use of ,american schools it has seemed best to make extensive changes4 ,long vowels have been marked throughout1 and the orthography of ,latin words has been brought into conformity with our practice4 ,many liberties have been taken with the text itself1 especially in the latter part1 in the way of making it approximate more closely to our rather strict notions of the standards of model prose4 ,a few words and uses of words not found in the prose writers of the republic have been retained1 but nothing1 it is hoped1 that will seriously mislead the young student4 ,i shall welcome any criticism that may lead to further changes in the text in future editions4 ,the notes are entirely new1 and are intended for students who have but just finished the beginner's book or have not yet finished it4 ,some notes may appear at first sight unnecessary or unnecessarily hard1 but the reason for their insertion should be evident when the student begins the reading of classical ,latin1 the difficulties of which will be less likely to appal the beginner if some of them have been already conquered4 ,i believe it a mistake to postpone all treatment of the uses of the subjunctive1 for instance1 or of the constructions of indirect discourse until the study of ,nepos or ,caesar is begun4 ,besides1 it is easier to neglect notes than to supply them1 and the teacher who prefers to do the first reading without much attention to the more difficult constructions will only need to tell his students to disregard certain of my notes--or all of them4 ,there are no references to the grammars1 but syntax has been given such treatment as seemed needed to supplement its treatment in the beginner's book4 ,teachers will therefore be able to postpone the use of a formal manual of grammar1 if they so desire4 ,those who wish their classes to begin the reading of ,latin at the earliest possible moment will find it feasible to use this book as soon as the inflections and the more elementary principles of syntax have been mastered4 ,in the vocabulary1 the derivation or composition and the original meaning of words have been indicated wherever these seemed likely to prove helpful4 ,principal parts and genitives have been given in such a way as to prevent misunderstanding1 and at the same time emphasize the composition of the verb or the suffix of the noun3 for example1 abscd1 -cdere1 -cd1 -csus2 aets1 -ttis4 ,the lists of works of ,english literature and of art in which the myths are treated are only suggestive4 ,occasional readings from the one and exhibitions of representations of the other1 either in the form of photographs or by the stereopticon1 will not only stimulate interest in the ,latin text but aid also in creating in the student a taste for literature and for art4 ,i planned at first to add some exercises for retranslation1 but after careful consideration it has seemed not worth while4 ,most teachers will prefer not to base composition upon the ,latin read at this stage1 and those who wish to do so will find it an easy matter to prepare their own exercises1 or can draw upon the copious exercises prepared by ,mr4 ,ritchie and published separately under the title ,imitative ,exercises in ,easy ,latin ,prose4 ,in the reading of proof ,i have had generous help from ,dr4 ,f4,k4 ,ball of ,the ,phillips ,exeter ,academy1 ,mr4 ,j4,c4 ,flood of ,st4 ,mark's ,school1 and ,mr4 ,a4,t4 ,dudley of ,noble and ,greenough's ,school1 ,boston4 ,the proof-sheets have been used with the beginner's class in this ,academy1 and ,i have thus been able to profit by the criticism of my associate ,mr4 ,g4,b4 ,rogers1 and to test the work myself4 ,the assistance of my wife has greatly lightened the labor of verifying the vocabulary4 ,,john ,c4 ,,kirtland1 ,jr4 ,,exeter1 ,n4,h41 #g ,march1 #aijc4 ,,contents ,,the ,,myths ,,in ,,english ,,literature4 ,,the ,,myths ,,in ,,art4 ,,introductory ,,note4 ,,perseus4 ,,hercules4 ,,the ,,argonauts4 ,,ulysses4 ,,notes4 ,,vocabulary4 ,,list ,,of ,,illustrations ,,the ,,carpenter ,,shutting ,,up ,,danae ,,and ,,perseus ,,in ,,the ,,ark ,,at ,,the ,,command ,,of ,,acrisius 7,vase-painting7 ,,hercules1 ,,nessus1 ,,and ,,dejanira 7,pompeian ,wall-painting7 ,,medea ,,meditating ,,the ,,murder ,,of ,,her ,,sons 7,pompeian ,wall-painting7 ,,ulysses ,,and ,,circe 7,roman ,relief7 ,,the ,,myths ,,in ,,english ,,literature ,,perseus ,hawthorne1 ,a ,wonder-,book3 ,the ,gorgon's ,head4 ,kingsley1 ,the ,heroes3 ,perseus4 ,cox1 ,tales of ,ancient ,greece3 ,medusa1 ,danae1 ,perseus1 ,andromeda1 ,akrisios4 ,francillon1 ,gods and ,heroes3 ,the ,adventures of ,perseus4 ,kingsley1 ,andromeda4 ,william ,morris1 ,the ,earthly ,paradise3 ,the ,doom of ,king ,acrisius4 ,lewis ,morris1 ,the ,epic of ,hades3 ,andromeda4 ,dowden1 ,andromeda4 ,shelley1 ,on the ,medusa of ,leonardo da ,vinci4 ,d4 ,g4 ,rossetti1 ,aspecta ,medusa4 ,,hercules ,hawthorne1 ,a ,wonder-,book3 ,the ,three ,golden ,apples4 ,cox1 ,tales of ,ancient ,greece3 ,the ,toils of ,herakles4 ,francillon1 ,gods and ,heroes3 ,the ,hero of ,heroes4 ,william ,morris1 ,the ,earthly ,paradise3 ,the ,golden ,apples4 ,lewis ,morris1 ,the ,epic of ,hades3 ,deianeira4 ,lang's translation of ,theocritus1 ,idyls xxiv1 xxv4 ,,the ,,argonauts ,apollonius of ,rhodes1 ,the ,tale of the ,argonauts1 translated by ,way4 ,d4,o4,s4 ,lowell1 ,jason's ,quest4 ,hawthorne1 ,tanglewood ,tales3 ,the ,golden ,fleece4 ,kingsley1 ,the ,heroes3 ,the ,argonauts4 ,cox1 ,tales of ,ancient ,greece3 ,phrixos and ,helle1 ,medeia4 ,church1 ,heroes and ,kings3 ,the ,story of the ,ship ,argo4 ,francillon1 ,gods and ,heroes3 ,the ,golden ,fleece4 ,william ,morris1 ,the ,life and ,death of ,jason4 ,bayard ,taylor1 ,hylas4 ,john ,dyer1 ,the ,fleece4 ,lang's translation of ,theocritus1 several of the ,idyls4 ,,ulysses ,homer1 ,the ,odyssey1 translated by ,bryant 7verse71 ,william ,morris 7verse71 ,palmer 7prose71 ,butcher and ,lang 7prose74 ,lamb1 ,the ,adventures of ,ulysses4 ,hawthorne1 ,tanglewood ,tales3 ,circe's ,palace4 ,cox1 ,tales of ,ancient ,greece3 ,the ,lotos-,eaters1 ,odysseus and ,polyphemos1 ,odysseus and ,kirk4 ,church1 ,stories from ,homer3 ,the ,cyclops1 ,the ,island of ,aeolus1 ,circ4 ,tennyson1 ,the ,lotos-,eaters4 ,matthew ,arnold1 ,the ,strayed ,reveler4 ,dobson1 ,the ,prayer of the ,swine to ,circe4 ,,the ,,myths ,,in ,,art ,burne-,jones1 ,perseus and the ,graeae4 ,caravaggio1 ,head of ,medusa4 ,leonardo da ,vinci1 ,head of ,medusa4 ,canova1 ,perseus4 ,benvenuto ,cellini1 ,perseus1 and ,perseus saving ,andromeda4 ,piero di ,cosimo1 ,perseus and ,andromeda4 ,charles ,antoine ,coypel1 ,perseus and ,andromeda4 ,domenichino1 ,perseus and ,andromeda4 ,rubens1 ,perseus and ,andromeda4 ,giovanni da ,bologna1 ,hercules and the ,centaur4 ,bandinelli1 ,hercules and ,cacus4 ,guido ,reni1 ,dejanira and the ,centaur ,nessus4 ,canova1 ,hercules and ,lichas4 ,sichel1 ,medea4 ,genelli1 ,jason and ,medea capturing the ,golden ,fleece4 ,burne-,jones1 ,circe4 ,l4 ,chalon1 ,circe and the ,companions of ,ulysses4 ,rivire1 ,circe and the ,companions of ,ulysses4 ,photographs and lantern-slides of all the works mentioned above may be obtained of the ,soule ,art ,company1 ,boston4 ,the list might have been made much longer1 but it seemed likely to prove most helpful if limited to works of which reproductions are so easily obtainable4 ,for the treatment of the myths in ancient art1 the teacher is referred to the numerous pertinent illustrations in ,baumeister's ,denkmler des klassischen ,altertums1 or the same editor's ,bilder aus dem griechischen und rmischen ,altertum fr ,schler1 the latter of which contains the cuts of the larger work1 and is so cheap and so useful that it ought to lie on the desk of every teacher of ,greek or ,latin4 ,,introductory ,,note ,the ,fabulae ,faciles1 or ',easy ,stories4' are four ,greek myths retold in ,latin1 not by a ,roman writer1 however1 but by an ,englishman1 who believed that they would afford interesting and pleasant reading for young folks who were just beginning the study of the ,latin language4 ,by myth is meant an imaginative tale that has been handed down by tradition from remote antiquity concerning supernatural beings and events4 ,such tales are common among all primitive peoples1 and are by them accepted as true4 ,they owe their origin to no single author1 but grow up as the untutored imagination strives to explain to itself the operations of nature and the mysteries of life1 or amuses itself with stories of the brave exploits of heroic ancestors4 ,the most beautiful and delightful of all myths are those that have come down to us in the remains of the literature and the art of ancient ,greece and ,rome2 they are also the most important to us1 for many of the great masterpieces of ,english literature and of modern art have been inspired by them and cannot be understood and appreciated by one ignorant of classical mythology4 ,of this mythology the ,fabulae ,faciles give but a small part4 ,if you wish to know more of the subject1 you should read ,gayley's ,the ,classic ,myths in ,english ,literature1 ,guerber's ,myths of ,greece and ,rome1 or the books by ,kingsiey1 ,cox1 ,church1 and ,francillon mentioned earlier4 ,,perseus ,acrisius1 an ancient king of ,argos1 had been warned by an oracle that he should perish by the hand of his grandson4 ,on discovering1 therefore1 that his daughter ,danae had given birth to a son1 ,acrisius endeavored to escape his fate by setting both mother and child adrift on the sea4 ,they were saved1 however1 by the help of ,jupiter2 and ,perseus1 the child1 grew up at the court of ,polydectes1 king of ,seriphos1 an island in the ,aegean ,sea4 ,on reaching manhood1 ,perseus was sent by ,polydectes to fetch the head of ,medusa1 one of the ,gorgons4 ,this dangerous task he accomplished with the help of ,apollo and ,minerva1 and on his way home he rescued ,andromeda1 daughter of ,cepheus1 from a sea-monster4 ,perseus then married ,andromeda1 and lived some time in the country of ,cepheus4 ,at length he returned to ,serphos1 and turned ,polydectes to stone by showing him the ,gorgon's head2 he then went to the court of ,acrisius1 who fled in terror at the news of his grandson's return4 ,the oracle was duly fulfilled1 for ,acrisius was accidentally killed by a quoit thrown by ,perseus4 #a4 ,,the ,,ark ,haec nrrantur pots d ,perse4 ,perseus flius erat ,iovis1 mxim derum2 avus ius ,acrisius appellbtur4 ,acrisius volbat ,perseum neptem suum necre2 nam propter rculum puerum timbat4 ,comprehendit igitur ,perseum adhc infantem1 et cum mtre in arc lgne inclsit4 ,tum arcam ipsam in mare conicit4 ,dana1 ,perse mter1 mgnopere territa est2 tempests enim mgna mare turbbat4 ,perseus autem in sin mtris dormibat4 #b4 ,,jupiter ,,saves ,,his ,,son ,iuppiter tamen haec omnia vdit1 et flium suum servre cnstituit4 ,tranquillum igitur fcit mare1 et arcam ad nsulam ,serphum perdxit4 ,hius nsulae ,polydects tum rx erat4 ,postquam arca ad ltus appulsa est1 ,dana in harn quitem capibat4 ,post breve tempus pisctre qudam reperta est1 et ad domum rgis ,polydectis adducta est4 ,ille mtrem et puerum bengn excpit1 et is sdem ttam in fnibus sus dedit4 ,dana hc dnum libenter accpit1 et pr tant benefici rg grtis git4 #c4 ,,perseus ,,is ,,sent ,,on ,,his ,,travels ,perseus igitur mults anns ibi habitbat1 et cum mtre su vtam betam agbat4 ,at ,polydects ,danan mgnopere ambat1 atque eam in mtrimnium dcere volbat4 ,hc tamen cnsilium ,perse minim grtum erat4 ,polydects igitur ,perseum dmittere cnstituit4 ,tum iuvenem ad s vocvit et haec dxit3 ,turpe est hanc gnvam vtam agere2 iam ddum t adulscns es4 ,qu sque hc manbis8 ,tempus est arma capere et virttem praestre4 ,hinc ab1 et caput ,medsae mihi refer4 #d4 ,,perseus ,,gets ,,his ,,outfit ,perseus ubi haec audvit1 ex nsul discessit1 et postquam ad continentem vnit1 ,medsam quaesvit4 ,di frstr quaerbat2 namque ntram loc gnrbat4 ,tandem ,apoll et ,minerva viam dmnstrvrunt4 ,prmum ad ,graes1 sorrs ,medsae1 pervnit4 ,ab hs tlria et galeam magicam accpit4 ,apoll autem et ,minerva falcem et speculum dedrunt4 ,tum postquam tlria pedibus induit1 in era ascendit4 ,di per era volbat2 tandem tamen ad eum locum vnit ubi ,medsa cum cters ,gorgonibus habitbat4 ,gorgons autem mnstra erant speci horribil2 capita enim erum anguibus omnn contcta erant4 ,mans etiam ex aere factae erant4 #e4 ,,the ,,gorgon',s ,,head ,rs difficillima erat caput ,gorgonis abscdere2 ius enim cnspect homines in saxum vertbantur4 ,propter hanc causam ,minerva speculum ,perse dederat4 ,ille igitur tergum vertit1 et in speculum nspicibat2 hc mod ad locum vnit ubi ,medsa dormibat4 ,tum falce su caput ius n ct abscdit4 ,cterae ,gorgons statim somn excittae sunt1 et ubi rem vdrunt1 r commtae sunt4 ,arma rapurunt1 et ,perseum occdere volbant4 ,ille autem dum fugit1 galeam magicam induit2 et ubi hc fcit1 statim cnspect erum vsit4 #f4 ,,the ,,sea-,,serpent ,post haec ,perseus in fns ,aethiopum vnit4 ,ibi ,cpheus qudam ill tempore rgnbat4 ,hc ,neptnum1 maris deum1 lim offenderat2 ,neptnus autem mnstrum saevissimum mserat4 ,hc cottdi mar venibat et homins dvorbat4 ,ob hanc causam pavor anims omnium occupverat4 ,cpheus igitur rculum de ,hammnis cnsuluit1 atque de issus est fliam mnstr trdere4 ius autem flia1 nomine ,andromeda1 virg frmsissima erat4 ,cpheus ubi haec audvit1 mgnum dolrem percpit4 ,volbat tamen cvs sus tant percul extrahere1 atque ob eam causam imperta ,hammnis facere cnstituit4 #g4 ,a ,,human ,,sacrifice ,tum rx diem certam dxit et omnia parvit4 ,ubi ea dis vnit1 ,andromeda ad ltus dducta est1 et in cnspect omnium ad rpem adligta est4 ,omns ftum ius dplrbant1 nec lacrims tenbant4 ,at subit1 dum mnstrum exspectant1 ,perseus accurrit2 et ubi lacrims vdit1 causam dolris quaerit4 ,ill rem ttam expnunt et puellam dmnstrant4 ,dum haec geruntur1 fremitus terribilis audtur2 simul mnstrum horribil speci procul cnspicitur4 ius cnspectus timrem mximum omnibus inicit4 ,mnstrum mgn celeritte ad ltus contendit1 iamque ad locum appropinqubat ubi puella stbat4 #h4 ,,the ,,rescue ,at ,perseus ubi haec vdit1 gladium suum dxit1 et postquam tlria induit1 in era subltus est4 ,tum dsuper in mnstrum impetum subit fcit1 et gladi su collum ius graviter vulnervit4 ,mnstrum ubi snsit vulnus1 fremitum horribilem didit1 et sine mor ttum corpus in aquam mersit4 ,perseus dum circum ltus volat1 reditum ius exspectbat4 ,mare autem intere undique sanguine nficitur4 ,post breve tempus blua rrsus caput sustulit2 mox tamen ,perse ct gravire vulnerta est4 ,tum iterum s in unds mersit1 neque poste vsa est4 #i4 ,,the ,,reward ,,of ,,valor ,perseus postquam ad ltus dscendit1 prmum tlria exuit2 tum ad rpem vnit ubi ,andromeda vincta erat4 ,ea autem omnem spem saltis dposuerat1 et ubi ,perseus adiit1 terrre paene exanimta erat4 ,ille vncula statim solvit1 et puellam patr reddidit4 ,cpheus ob hanc rem mxim gaudi adfectus est4 ,meritam grtiam pr tant benefici ,perse rettulit2 praetere ,andromedam ipsam e in mtrimnium dedit4 ,ille libenter hc dnum accpit et puellam dxit4 ,paucs anns cum uxre su in e regine habitbat1 et in mgn honre erat apud omns ,aethiops4 ,mgnopere tamen mtrem suam rrsus vidre cupibat4 ,tandem igitur cum uxre su rgn ,cphe discessit4 #aj4 ,,polydectes ,,is ,,turned ,,to ,,stone ,postquam ,perseus ad nsulam nvem appulit1 s ad locum contulit ubi mter lim habitverat1 sed domum invnit vacuam et omnn dsertam4 ,trs dis per ttam nsulam mtrem quaerbat2 tandem quart di ad templum ,dinae pervnit4 ,hc ,dana refgerat1 quod ,polydectem timbat4 ,perseus ubi haec cgnvit1 r mgn commtus est2 ad rgiam ,polydectis sine mor contendit1 et ubi e vnit1 statim in trium inrpit4 ,polydects mgn timre adfectus est et fugere volbat4 ,dum tamen ille fugit1 ,perseus caput ,medsae mnstrvit2 ille autem simul atque hc vdit1 in saxum versus est4 ,,ii4 ,,the ,,oracle ,,fulfilled ,post haec ,perseus cum uxre su ad urbem ,acris rediit4 ,ille autem ubi ,perseum vdit1 mgn terrre adfectus est2 nam propter rculum istud neptem suum adhc timbat4 ,in ,thessaliam igitur ad urbem ,lrsam statim refgit1 frstr tamen2 neque enim ftum suum vtvit4 ,post paucs anns rx ,lrsae lds mgns fcit2 nntis in omns parts dmserat et diem dxerat4 ,mult ex omnibus urbibus ,graeciae ad lds convnrunt4 ,ipse ,perseus inter alis certmen discrum iniit4 ,at dum discum conicit1 avum suum cs occdit2 ,acrisius enim inter specttrs ius certminis forte stbat4 ,,hercules ,hercules1 a ,greek hero celebrated for his great strength1 was pursued throughout his life by the hatred of ,juno4 ,while yet an infant1 he strangled some serpents sent by the goddess to destroy him4 ,during his boyhood and youth he performed various marvelous feats of strength1 and on reaching manhood succeeded in delivering the ,thebans from the oppression of the ,minae4 ,in a fit of madness sent upon him by ,juno1 he slew his own children2 and on consulting the ,delphic oracle as to how he should cleanse himself from this crime1 he was ordered to submit himself for twelve years to ,eurystheus1 king of ,tiryns1 and to perform whatever tasks were appointed him4 ,hercules obeyed the oracle1 and during the twelve years of his servitude accomplished twelve extraordinary feats known as the ,labors of ,hercules4 ,his death was caused unintentionally by his wife ,dejanira4 ,hercules had shot with his poisoned arrows a centaur named ,nessus1 who had insulted ,dejanira4 ,nessus1 before he died1 gave some of his blood to ,dejanira1 and told her it would act as a charm to secure her husband's love4 ,some time after1 ,dejanira wishing to try the charm soaked one of her husband's garments in the blood1 not knowing that it was poisoned4 ,hercules put on the robe1 and after suffering terrible torments died1 or was carried off by his father ,jupiter4 #ab4 ,,the ,,hatred ,,of ,,juno ,herculs1 ,alcmnae flius1 lim in ,graeci habitbat4 ,hc omnium hominum validissimus fuisse dcitur4 ,at ,in1 rgna derum1 ,alcmnam derat et ,herculem adhc nfantem necre voluit4 ,msit igitur dus serpents saevissims2 hae medi nocte in cubiculum ,alcmnae vnrunt1 ubi ,herculs cum frtre su dormibat4 ,nec tamen in cns1 sed in sct mgn cubbant4 ,serpents iam appropinquverant et sctum movbant2 itaque puer somn excitt sunt4 #ac4 ,,hercules ,,and ,,the ,,serpents phicls1 frter ,herculis1 mgn vce exclmvit2 sed ,herculs ipse1 fortissimus puer1 haudququam territus est4 ,parvs manibus serpents statim prehendit1 et colla erum mgn v compressit4 ,tl mod serpents puer interfectae sunt4 ,alcmna autem1 mter puerrum1 clmrem audverat1 et martum suum somn excitverat4 ,ille lmen accendit et gladium suum rapuit2 tum ad puers properbat1 sed ubi ad locum vnit1 rem mram vdit1 ,herculs enim rdbat et serpents mortus mnstrbat4 #ad4 ,,the ,,music-,,lesson ,herculs puer corpus suum dligenter exercbat2 mgnam partem di in palaestr cnsmbat2 didicit etiam arcum intendere et tla conicere4 ,hs exercittinibus vrs ius cnfrmtae sunt4 ,in msic etiam ,lin centaur rudibtur 7centaur autem equ erant sed caput hominis habbant72 huic tamen art minus dligenter studbat4 ,hc ,linus ,herculem lim obirgbat1 quod nn studisus erat2 tum puer rtus citharam subit rapuit1 et omnibus vribus caput magistr nflcis percussit4 ,ille ct prstrtus est1 et paul post vt excessit1 neque quisquam poste id officium suscipere voluit4 #ae4 ,,hercules ,,escapes ,,sacrifice ,d ,hercule haec etiam inter alia nrrantur4 lim dum iter facit1 in fns ,aegyptirum vnit4 ,ibi rx qudam1 nmine ,bsris1 ill tempore rgnbat2 hc autem vir crdlissimus homins immolre cnsuverat4 ,herculem igitur corripuit et in vincula conicit4 ,tum nntis dmsit et diem sacrifici dxit4 ,mox ea dis appetbat1 et omnia rte parta sunt4 ,mans ,herculis catns ferres vinctae sunt1 et mola salsa in caput ius nspersa est4 ,ms enim erat apud antqus salem et fr capitibus victimrum impnere4 ,iam victima ad ram stbat2 iam sacerds cultrum smpserat4 ,subit tamen ,herculs mgn cnt vincula perrpit2 tum ct sacerdtem prstrvit2 alter rgem ipsum occdit4 #af4 ,a ,,cruel ,,deed ,herculs iam adulscns ,thbs habitbat4 ,rx ,thbrum1 vir gnvus1 ,cren appellbtur4 ,minyae1 gns bellicsissima1 ,thbns fnitim erant4 ,lgt autem ,minys ad ,thbns quotanns mittbantur2 h ,thbs venibant et centum bovs postulbant4 ,thbn enim lim ,minys supert erant2 tribta igitur rg ,minyrum quotanns pendbant4 ,at ,herculs cvs sus hc stpendi lberre cnstituit2 lgts igitur comprehendit1 atque aurs erum abscdit4 ,lgt autem apud omns gents snct habentur4 #ag4 ,,the ,,defeat ,,of ,,the ,,minyae ,ergnus1 rx ,minyrum1 ob haec vehementer rtus statim cum omnibus cpis in fns ,thbnrum contendit4 ,cren adventum ius per explrtrs cgnvit4 ,ipse tamen pgnre nluit1 nam mgn timre adfectus erat2 ,thbn igitur ,herculem impertrem crevrunt4 ,ille nntis in omns parts dmsit1 et cpis cogit2 tum proxim di cum mgn exercit profectus est4 ,locum idneum dlgit et aciem nstrxit4 ,tum ,thbn superire loc impetum in hosts fcrunt4 ,ill autem impetum sustinre nn poturunt2 itaque acis hostium pulsa est atque in fugam conversa4 #ah4 ,,madness ,,and ,,murder ,post hc proelium ,herculs cpis sus ad urbem redxit4 ,omns ,thbn propter victriam mxim gaudbant2 ,cren autem mgns honribus ,herculem decorvit1 atque fliam suam e in mtrimnium dedit4 ,herculs cum uxre su betam vtam agbat2 sed post paucs anns subit in furrem incidit1 atque lbers sus ipse su man occdit4 ,post breve tempus ad snittem reductus est1 et propter hc facinus mgn dolre adfectus est2 mox ex urbe effgit et in silvs s recpit4 ,nlbant enim cvs sermnem cum e habre4 #ai4 ,,hercules ,,consults ,,the ,,oracle ,herculs tantum scelus expire mgnopere cupibat4 ,cnstituit igitur ad rculum ,delphicum re2 hc enim rculum erat omnium celeberrimum4 ,ibi templum erat ,apollinis plrims dns rntum4 ,hc in templ sedbat fmina quaedam1 nmine ,pthia et cnsilium dabat is qu ad rculum venibant4 ,haec autem fmina ab ips ,apolline docbtur1 et volunttem de hominibus nntibat4 ,herculs igitur1 qu ,apollinem praecipu colbat1 hc vnit4 ,tum rem ttam exposuit1 neque scelus clvit4 #bj4 ,,the ,,oracle',s ,,reply ,ubi ,herculs fnem fcit1 ,pthia prm tacbat2 tandem tamen iussit eum ad urbem ,tryntha re1 et ,eurysthe rgis omnia imperta facere4 ,herculs ubi haec audvit1 ad urbem illam contendit1 et ,eurysthe rg s in servittem trdidit4 ,duodecim anns crdlissim ,eurysthe servibat1 et duodecim labrs1 qus ille imperverat1 cnfcit2 hc enim n mod tantum scelus expir potuit4 ,d hs labribus plrima pots scrpta sunt4 ,multa tamen quae potae nrrant vix crdibilia sunt4 #ba4 ,,first ,,labor3 ,,the ,,nemean ,,lion ,prmum ab ,eurysthe issus est ,herculs lenem occdere qu ill tempore vallem ,nemeaeam reddbat nfstam4 ,in silvs igitur in quibus le habitbat statim s contulit4 ,mox feram vdit1 et arcum1 quem scum attulerat1 intendit2 ius tamen pellem1 quae dnsissima erat1 tricere nn potuit4 ,tum clv mgn quam semper gerbat lenem percussit1 frstr tamen2 neque enim hc mod eum occdere potuit4 ,tum dmum collum mnstr bracchis sus complexus est et faucs ius omnibus vribus compressit4 ,hc mod le brev tempore exanimtus est2 nlla enim resprand facults e dabtur4 ,tum ,herculs cadver ad oppidum in umers rettulit2 et pellem1 quam dtrxerat1 poste pr veste gerbat4 ,omns autem qu eam reginem incolbant1 ubi fmam d morte lenis accprunt1 vehementer gaudbant et ,herculem mgn honre habbant4 #bb4 ,,second ,,labor3 ,,the ,,lernean ,,hydra ,paul post issus est ab ,eurysthe ,hydram necre4 ,hc autem mnstrum erat cui novem erant capita4 ,herculs igitur cum amc ,iol profectus est ad paldem ,lernaeam1 in qu ,hydra habitbat4 ,mox mnstrum invnit1 et quamquam rs erat mgn percul1 collum ius sinistr prehendit4 ,tum dextr capita novem abscdere coepit2 quotins tamen hc fcerat1 nova capita exoribantur4 ,di frstr labrbat2 tandem hc cnt dstitit4 ,deinde arbors succdere et gnem accendere cnstituit4 ,hc celeriter fcit1 et postquam lgna gnem comprehendrunt1 face rdente colla adssit1 unde capita exoribantur4 ,nec tamen sine mgn labre haec fcit2 vnit enim auxili ,hydrae cancer ingns1 qu1 dum ,herculs capita abscdit1 crra ius mordbat4 ,postquam mnstrum tl mod interfcit1 sagitts sus sanguine ius imbuit1 itaque mortifers reddidit4 #bc4 ,,third ,,labor3 ,,the ,,cerynean ,,stag ,postquam ,eurysthe caeds ,hydrae nntita est1 mgnus timor animum ius occupvit4 ,iussit igitur ,herculem cervum quendam ad s referre2 nluit enim virum tantae audciae in urbe retinre4 ,hc autem cervus1 cius cornua aurea fuisse trduntur1 incrdibil fuit celeritte4 ,herculs igitur prm vestgis eum in silv persequbtur2 deinde ubi cervum ipsum vdit1 omnibus vribus currere coepit4 sque ad vesperum currbat1 neque nocturnum tempus sibi ad quitem relinqubat1 frstr tamen2 nll enim mod cervum cnsequ poterat4 ,tandem postquam ttum annum cucurrerat 7ita trditur71 cervum curs exanimtum cpit1 et vvum ad ,eurystheum rettulit4 #bd4 ,,fourth ,,labor3 ,,the ,,erymanthian ,,boar ,tum vr issus est ,herculs aprum quendam capere qu ill tempore agrs ,erymanthis vstbat et incols hius reginis mgnopere terrbat4 ,herculs rem suscpit et in ,arcadiam profectus est4 ,postquam in silvam paulum prgressus est1 apr occurrit4 ,ille autem simul atque ,herculem vdit1 statim refgit2 et timre perterritus in altam fossam s pricit4 ,herculs igitur laqueum quem attulerat inicit1 et summ cum difficultte aprum foss extrxit4 ,ille ets fortiter repgnbat1 nll mod s lberre potuit2 et ab ,hercule ad ,eurystheum vvus reltus est4 #be4 ,,hercules ,,at ,,the ,,centaur',s ,,cave ,d quart labre1 quem supr nrrvimus1 haec etiam trduntur4 ,herculs dum iter in ,arcadiam facit1 ad eam reginem vnit quam centaur incolbant4 ,cum nox iam appeteret1 ad spluncam dvertit in qu centaurus qudam1 nmine ,pholus1 habitbat4 ,ille ,herculem bengn excpit et cnam parvit4 ,at ,herculs postquam cnvit1 vnum ,phol postulvit4 ,erat autem in splunc mgna amphora vn optim replta1 quam centaur ibi dposuerant4 ,pholus igitur hc vnum dare nlbat1 quod reliqus centaurs timbat2 nllum tamen vnum praeter hc in splunc habbat4 ,hc vnum1 inquit1 mihi commissum est4 ,s igitur hc dab1 centaur m interficient4 ,herculs tamen eum inrsit1 et ipse pculum vn d amphor hausit4 #bf4 ,,the ,,fight ,,with ,,the ,,centaurs ,simul atque amphora aperta est1 odor icundissimus undique diffsus est2 vnum enim suvissimum erat4 ,centaur ntum odrem snsrunt et omns ad locum convnrunt4 ,ubi ad spluncam pervnrunt1 mgnopere rt erant quod ,herculem bibentem vdrunt4 ,tum arma rapurunt et ,pholum interficere volbant4 ,herculs tamen in adit spluncae cnstitit et impetum erum fortissim sustinbat4 ,facs rdents in es conicit2 mults etiam sagitts sus vulnervit4 ,hae autem sagittae eaedem erant quae sanguine ,hydrae lim imbtae erant4 ,omns igitur qus ille sagitts vulnerverat venn statim absmpt sunt2 reliqu autem ubi hc vdrunt1 terga vertrunt et fug saltem petirunt4 #bg4 ,,the ,,fate ,,of ,,pholus ,postquam reliqu fgrunt1 ,pholus ex splunc gressus est1 et corpora spectbat erum qu sagitts interfect erant4 ,mgnopere autem mrtus est quod tam lev vulnere exanimt erant1 et causam ius re quaerbat4 ,adiit igitur locum ubi cadver ciusdam centaur iacbat1 et sagittam vulnere trxit4 ,haec tamen sve cs sve cnsili derum manibus ius lapsa est1 et pedem leviter vulnervit4 ,ille extempl dolrem gravem per omnia membra snsit1 et post breve tempus v venn exanimtus est4 ,mox ,herculs1 qu reliqus centaurs sectus erat1 ad spluncam rediit1 et mgn cum dolre ,pholum mortuum vdit4 ,mults cum lacrims corpus amc ad sepultram dedit2 tum1 postquam alterum pculum vn exhausit1 somn s dedit4 #bh4 ,,fifth ,,labor3 ,,the ,,augean ,,stables ,deinde ,eurystheus ,hercul hunc labrem gravirem imposuit4 ,augs qudam1 qu ill tempore rgnum in lide obtinbat1 tria mlia boum habbat4 ,h in stabul ingentis mgnitdinis incldbantur4 ,stabulum autem inluvi ac squlre erat obsitum1 neque enim ad hc tempus umquam prgtum erat4 ,hc ,herculs intr spatium nus di prgre issus est4 ,ille1 ets rs erat multae operae1 negtium suscpit4 ,prmum mgn labre fossam duodvgint pedum dxit1 per quam flminis aquam d montibus ad mrum stabul perdxit4 ,tum postquam mrum perrpit1 aquam in stabulum immsit et tl mod contr opninem omnium opus cnfcit4 #bi4 ,,sixth ,,labor3 ,,the ,,stymphalian ,,birds ,post paucs dis ,herculs ad oppidum ,stymphlum iter fcit2 imperverat enim e ,eurystheus ut avs ,stymphlids necret4 ,hae avs rstra anea habbant et carne hominum vscbantur4 ,ille postquam ad locum pervnit1 lacum vdit2 in hc autem lac1 qu nn procul erat ab oppid1 avs habitbant4 ,nlla tamen dabtur appropinquand facults2 lacus enim nn ex aqu sed lm cnstitit4 ,herculs igitur neque pedibus neque lintre prgred potuit4 ,ille cum mgnam partem di frstr cnsmpsisset1 hc cnt dstitit et ad ,volcnum s contulit1 ut auxilium ab e peteret4 ,volcnus 7qu ab fabrs mxim colbtur7 crepundia quae ipse ex aere fabrictus erat ,hercul dedit4 ,hs ,herculs tam crem crepitum fcit ut avs perterritae volrent4 ,ille autem1 dum volant1 mgnum numerum erum sagitts trnsfxit4 #cj4 ,,seventh ,,labor3 ,,the ,,cretan ,,bull ,tum ,eurystheus ,hercul impervit ut taurum quendam fercissimum ex nsul ,crt vvum referret4 ,ille igitur nvem cnscendit1 et cum ventus idneus esset1 statim solvit4 ,cum tamen nsulae iam appropinquret1 tanta tempests subit coorta est ut nvis cursum tenre nn posset4 ,tantus autem timor anims nautrum occupvit ut paene omnem spem saltis dpnerent4 ,herculs tamen1 ets nvigand impertus erat1 haudququam territus est4 ,post breve tempus summa tranquillits cnsecta est1 et nautae1 qu s ex timre iam recperant1 nvem incolumem ad terram appulrunt4 ,herculs nv gressus est1 et cum ad rgem ,crtae vnisset1 causam veniend docuit4 ,deinde1 postquam omnia parta sunt1 ad eam reginem contendit quam taurus vstbat4 ,mox taurum vdit1 et quamquam rs erat mgn percul1 cornua ius prehendit4 ,tum1 cum ingent labre mnstrum ad nvem trxisset1 cum praed in ,graeciam rediit4 #ca4 ,,eighth ,,labor3 ,,the ,,man-,,eating ,,horses ,,of ,,diomede ,postquam ex nsul ,crt rediit1 ,herculs ab ,eurysthe in ,thrciam missus est1 ut equs ,diomdis redceret4 ,h equ carne hominum vscbantur2 ,diomds autem1 vir crdlissimus1 ills obicibat peregrns omns qu in eam reginem vnerant4 ,herculs igitur mgn celeritte in ,thrciam contendit et ab ,diomde postulvit ut equ sibi trderentur4 ,cum tamen ille hc facere nllet1 ,herculs r commtus rgem interfcit et cadver ius equs obic iussit4 ,ita mra rrum commtti facta est2 is enim qu ante mults cum crucit necverat ipse edem supplici nectus est4 ,cum haec nntita essent1 omns qu eam reginem incolbant mxim laetiti adfect sunt et ,hercul meritam grtiam referbant4 ,nn modo mxims honribus et praemis eum decorvrunt sed rbant etiam ut rgnum ipse susciperet4 ,ille tamen hc facere nlbat1 et cum ad mare rediisset1 nvem occupvit4 ,ubi omnia ad nvigandum parta sunt1 equs in nv conlocvit2 deinde1 cum idneam tempesttem nactus esset1 sine mor port solvit1 et paul post equs in ltus ,argolicum exposuit4 #cb4 ,,ninth ,,labor3 ,,the ,,girdle ,,of ,,hippolyte ,gns ,amzonum dcitur omnn ex mulieribus cnstitisse4 ,hae summam scientiam re mlitris habbant1 et tantam virttem adhibbant ut cum virs proelium committere audrent4 ,hippolyt1 ,amzonum rgna1 balteum habuit celeberrimum quem ,mrs e dederat4 ,admta autem1 ,eurysthe flia1 fmam d hc balte accperat et eum possidre vehementer cupibat4 ,eurystheus igitur ,hercul mandvit ut cpis cgeret et bellum ,amzonibus nferret4 ,ille nntis in omns parts dmsit1 et cum mgna multitd convnisset1 es dlgit qu mximum sum in r mlitr habbant4 #cc4 ,,the ,,girdle ,,is ,,refused ,hs virs ,herculs persusit1 postquam causam itineris exposuit1 ut scum iter facerent4 ,tum cum is quibus persuserat nvem cnscendit1 et cum ventus idneus esset1 post paucs dis ad stium flminis ,thermdontis appulit4 ,postquam in fns ,amzonum vnit1 nntium ad ,hippolytam msit1 qu causam veniend docret et balteum psceret4 ,ipsa ,hippolyt balteum trdere volbat1 quod d ,herculis virtte fmam accperat2 reliquae tamen ,amzons e persusrunt ut negret4 ,at ,herculs1 cum haec nntita essent1 bell fortnam temptre cnstituit4 ,proxim igitur di cum cpis dxisset1 locum idneum dlgit et hosts ad pgnam vocvit4 ,amzons quoque cpis sus ex castrs dxrunt et nn mgn intervll ab ,hercule aciem nstrxrunt4 #cd4 ,,the ,,battle ,pals erat nn mgna inter duo exercits2 neutr tamen initium trnseund facere volbant4 ,tandem ,herculs sgnum dedit1 et ubi paldem trnsiit1 proelium commsit4 ,amzons impetum virrum fortissim sustinurunt1 et contr opninem omnium tantam virttem praestitrunt ut mults erum occderint1 mults etiam in fugam conicerint4 ,vir enim nov genere pgnae perturbbantur nec mgnam virttem praestbant4 ,herculs autem cum haec vidret1 d sus fortns dsprre coepit4 ,mlits igitur vehementer cohorttus est ut prstinae virttis memoriam retinrent neu tantum ddecus admitterent1 hostiumque impetum fortiter sustinrent2 quibus verbs anims omnium ita rxit ut mult etiam qu vulneribus cnfect essent proelium sine mor redintegrrent4 #ce4 ,,the ,,defeat ,,of ,,the ,,amazons ,di et criter pgntum est2 tandem tamen ad slis occsum tanta commtti rrum facta est ut muliers terga verterent et fug saltem peterent4 ,multae autem vulneribus dfessae dum fugiunt captae sunt1 in qu numer ipsa erat ,hippolyt4 ,herculs summam clmentiam praestitit1 et postquam balteum accpit1 lberttem omnibus captvs dedit4 ,tum vr socis ad mare redxit1 et quod nn multum aesttis supererat1 in ,graeciam proficsc mtrvit4 ,nvem igitur cnscendit1 et tempesttem idneam nactus statim solvit2 antequam tamen in ,graeciam pervnit1 ad urbem ,triam nvem appellere cnstituit1 frmentum enim quod scum habbat iam dficere coeperat4 #cf4 ,,laomedon ,,and ,,the ,,sea-,,monster ,lomedn qudam ill tempore rgnum ,triae obtinbat4 ,ad hunc ,neptnus et ,apoll ann superire vnerant1 et cum ,tria nndum moenia habret1 ad hc opus auxilium obtulerant4 ,postquam tamen hrum auxili moenia cnfecta sunt1 nlbat ,lomedn praemium quod prposuerat persolvere4 ,neptnus igitur et ,apoll ob hanc causam rt mnstrum quoddam msrunt speci horribil1 quod cottdi mar venibat et homines pecudsque vorbat4 ,trin autem timre perterrit in urbe continbantur1 et pecora omnia ex agrs intr mrs compulerant4 ,lomedn hs rbus commtus rculum cnsuluit1 ac deus e praecpit ut filiam ,hsionem mnstr obiceret4 #cg4 ,,the ,,rescue ,,of ,,hesione ,lomedn1 cum hc respnsum renntitum esset1 mgnum dolrem percpit2 sed tamen1 ut cvs sus tant percul lberret1 rcul prre cnstituit et diem sacrifici dxit4 ,sed sve cs sve cnsili derum ,herculs tempore opportnissim ,triam attigit2 ips enim temporis punct qu puella catns vincta ad ltus ddcbtur ille nvem appulit4 ,herculs nv gressus d rbus quae gerbantur certior factus est2 tum r commtus ad rgem s contulit et auxilium suum obtulit4 ,cum rx libenter e concessisset ut1 s posset1 puellam lberret1 ,herculs mnstrum interfcit2 et puellam1 quae iam omnem spem saltis dposuerat1 incolumem ad patrem redxit4 ,lomedn mgn cum gaudi fliam suam accpit1 et ,hercul pr tant benefici meritam grtiam rettulit4 #ch4 ,,tenth ,,labor3 ,,the ,,oxen ,,of ,,geryon ,tum vr missus est ,herculs ad nsulam ,erytham1 ut bovs ,gryonis arcesseret4 ,rs erat summae difficulttis1 quod bovs qudam ,eurytine et cane bicipite custdibantur4 ,ipse autem ,gryn speciem horribilem praebbat2 tria enim corpora inter s conincta habbat4 ,herculs tamen ets intellegbat quantum perculum esset1 negtium suscpit2 ac postquam per mults terrs iter fcit1 ad eam partem ,libyae pervnit quae ,eurpae proxima est4 ,ibi in utrque ltore fret quod ,eurpam ,liby dvidit columns cnstituit1 quae poste ,herculis ,columnae appellbantur4 #ci4 ,,the ,,golden ,,ship ,dum hc mortur1 ,herculs mgnum incommodum ex calre slis accipibat2 tandem igitur r commtus arcum suum intendit et slem sagitts petiit4 ,sl tamen audciam vir tantum admrtus est ut lintrem auream e dederit4 ,herculs hc dnum libentissim accpit1 nllam enim nvem in hs reginibus invenre potuerat4 ,tum lintrem ddxit1 et ventum nactus idneum post breve tempus ad nsulam pervnit4 ,ubi ex incols cgnvit qu in loc bovs essent1 in eam partem statim profectus est et rge ,gryone postulvit ut bovs sibi trderentur4 ,cum tamen ille hc facere nllet1 ,herculs et rgem ipsum et ,eurytinem1 qu erat ingent mgnitdine corporis1 interfcit4 #dj4 ,a ,,miraculous ,,hail-,,storm ,tum ,herculs bovs per ,hispniam et ,liguriam compellere cnstituit2 postquam igitur omnia parta sunt1 bovs ex nsul ad continentem trnsportvit4 ,ligurs autem1 gns bellicsissima1 dum ille per fns erum iter facit1 mgns cpis cogrunt atque eum longius prgred prohibbant4 ,herculs mgnam difficulttem habbat1 barbar enim in locs superiribus cnstiterant et saxa tlaque in eum conicibant4 ,ille quidem paene omnem spem saltis dposuerat1 sed tempore opportnissim ,iuppiter imbrem lapidum ingentium cael dmsit4 ,h tant v cecidrunt ut mgnum numerum ,ligurum occderint2 ipse tamen ,herculs 7ut in tlibus rbus accidere cnsuvit7 nihil incommod cpit4 #da4 ,,the ,,passage ,,of ,,the ,,alps ,postquam ,ligurs hc mod supert sunt1 ,herculs quam celerrim prgressus est et post paucs dis ad ,alps pervnit4 ,necesse erat hs trnsre1 ut in taliam bovs ageret2 rs tamen summae erat difficulttis4 ,h enim monts1 qu lterirem citerire ,galli dvidunt1 nive perenn sunt tct2 quam ob causam neque frmentum neque pbulum in hs reginibus invenr potest4 ,herculs igitur antequam ascendere coepit1 mgnam cpiam frment et pbul comparvit et hc commet bovs onervit4 ,postquam in hs rbus trs dis cnsmpserat1 quart di profectus est1 et contr omnium opninem bovs incolums in taliam trdxit4 #db4 ,,cacus ,,steals ,,the ,,oxen ,brev tempore ad flmen ,tiberim vnit4 ,tum tamen nlla erat urbs in e loc1 ,rma enim nndum condita erat4 ,herculs itinere fessus cnstituit ibi paucs dis morr1 ut s ex labribus recreret4 ,haud procul valle ubi bovs pscbantur splunca erat1 in qu ,ccus1 horribile mnstrum1 tum habitbat4 ,hc speciem terribilem praebbat1 nn modo quod ingent mgnitdine corporis erat1 sed quod gnem ex re exsprbat4 ,ccus autem d advent ,herculis fmam accperat2 noct igitur vnit1 et dum ,herculs dormit1 quattuor pulcherrimrum boum abripuit4 ,hs cauds in spluncam trxit1 n ,herculs vestgis cgnscere posset qu in loc clt essent4 #dc4 ,,hercules ,,discovers ,,the ,,theft ,poster di simul atque somn excittus est1 ,herculs frtum animadvertit et bovs misss omnibus locs quaerbat4 ,hs tamen nsquam reperre poterat1 nn modo quod loc ntram gnrbat1 sed quod vestgis falss dceptus est4 ,tandem cum mgnam partem di frstr cnsmpsisset1 cum reliqus bbus prgred cnstituit4 ,at dum proficsc parat1 nus bbus qus scum habuit mgre coepit4 ,subit i qu in splunc incls erant mgtum reddidrunt1 et hc mod ,herculem certirem fcrunt qu in loc clt essent4 ,ille vehementer rtus ad spluncam quam celerrim s contulit1 ut praedam reciperet4 ,at ,ccus saxum ingns ita dicerat ut aditus spluncae omnn obstruertur4 #dd4 ,,hercules ,,and ,,cacus ,herculs cum nllum alium introitum reperre posset1 hc saxum movre cntus est1 sed propter ius mgnitdinem rs erat difficillima4 ,di frstr labrbat neque quicquam efficere poterat2 tandem tamen mgn cnt saxum mvit et spluncam patefcit4 ,ibi misss bovs mgn cum gaudi cnspxit2 sed ,ccum ipsum vix cernere potuit1 quod splunca replta erat fm quem ille mre su vombat4 ,herculs insitt speci turbtus breve tempus haesitbat2 mox tamen in spluncam inrpit et collum mnstr bracchis complexus est4 ,ille ets multum repgnvit1 nll mod s lberre potuit1 et cum nlla facults resprand dartur1 mox exanimtus est4 #de4 ,,eleventh ,,labor3 ,,the ,,golden ,,apples ,,of ,,the ,,hesperides ,eurystheus postquam bovs ,gryonis accpit1 labrem ndecimum ,hercul imposuit1 gravirem quam qus supr nrrvimus4 ,mandvit enim e ut aurea pma ex hort ,hesperidum auferret4 ,hesperids autem nymphae erant quaedam frm praestantissim1 quae in terr longinqu habitbant1 et quibus aurea quaedam pma ,inne commissa erant4 ,mult homins aur cupiditte induct haec pma auferre iam ante cnt erant4 ,rs tamen difficillima erat1 namque hortus in qu pma erant mr ingent undique circumdatus erat2 praetere drac qudam cui centum erant capita portam hort dligenter custdibat4 ,opus igitur quod ,eurystheus ,hercul imperverat erat summae difficulttis1 nn modo ob causs qus memorvimus1 sed etiam quod ,herculs omnn gnrbat qu in loc hortus ille situs esset4 #df4 ,,hercules ,,asks ,,aid ,,of ,,atlas ,herculs quamquam quitem vehementer cupibat1 tamen ,eurysthe prre cnstituit1 et simul ac issa ius accpit1 proficsc mtrvit4 mults merctribus quaesverat qu in loc ,hesperids habitrent1 nihil tamen certum reperre potuerat4 ,frstr per mults terrs iter fcit et multa percula subiit2 tandem1 cum in hs itineribus ttum annum cnsmpsisset1 ad extrmam partem orbis terrrum1 quae proxima est cean1 pervnit4 ,hc stbat vir qudam1 nomine ,atls1 ingent mgnitdine corporis1 qu caelum 7ita trditum est7 umers sus sustinbat1 n in terram dcideret4 ,herculs tants vrs mgnopere mrtus statim in conloquium cum ,atlante vnit1 et cum causam itineris docuisset1 auxilium ab e petiit4 #dg4 ,,hercules ,,bears ,,up ,,the ,,heavens ,atls autem ,hercul mxim prdesse potuit2 ille enim cum ipse esset pater ,hesperidum1 cert scvit qu in loc esset hortus4 ,postquam igitur audvit quam ob causam ,herculs vnisset1 ,ipse1 inquit1 ad hortum b et flibus mes persudb ut pma su sponte trdant4 ,herculs cum haec audret1 mgnopere gvsus est2 vim enim adhibre nluit1 s rs aliter fier posset4 ,cnstituit igitur obltum auxilium accipere4 ,atls tamen postulvit ut1 dum ipse abesset1 ,herculs caelum umers sustinret4 ,hc autem negtium ,herculs libenter suscpit1 et quamquam rs erat summ labris1 ttum pondus cael continus complrs dis slus sustinbat4 #dh4 ,,the ,,return ,,of ,,atlas ,atls intere abierat et ad hortum ,hesperidum1 qu pauca mlia passuum aberat1 s quam celerrim contulerat4 ,e cum vnisset1 causam veniend exposuit et flis sus vehementer horttus est ut pma trderent4 ,illae di haerbant2 nlbant enim hc facere1 quod ab ips ,inne 7ita ut ante dictum est7 hc mnus accpissent4 ,atls tamen aliquand is persusit ut sibi prrent1 et pma ad ,herculem rettulit4 ,herculs intere cum plrs dis exspectvisset neque llam fmam d redit ,atlantis accpisset1 hc mor graviter commtus est4 ,tandem qunt di ,atlantem vdit redeuntem1 et mox mgn cum gaudi pma accpit2 tum1 postquam grtis pr tant benefici git1 ad ,graeciam proficsc mtrvit4 #di4 ,,twelfth ,,labor3 ,,cerberus ,,the ,,three-,,headed ,,dog ,postquam aurea pma ad ,eurystheum relta sunt1 nus modo relinqubtur duodecim labribus qus ,pthia ,hercul praecperat4 ,eurystheus autem cum ,herculem mgnopere timret1 eum in aliquem locum mittere volbat unde numquam redre posset4 ,negtium igitur e dedit ut canem ,cerberum ex ,orc in lcem traheret4 ,hc opus omnium difficillimum erat1 nm enim umquam ex ,orc redierat4 ,praetere ,cerberus iste mnstrum erat horribil speci1 cui tria erant capita serpentibus saevs cincta4 ,antequam tamen d hc labre nrrmus1 nn alinum vidtur1 quoniam d ,orc mentinem fcimus1 pauca d e regine prpnere4 #ej4 ,,charon',s ,,ferry ,d ,orc1 qu dem ,hds appellbtur1 haec trduntur4 ,ut quisque d vt dcesserat1 mns ius ad ,orcum1 sdem morturum1 de ,mercuri ddcbantur4 ,hius reginis1 quae sub terr fuisse dcitur1 rx erat ,plt1 cui uxor erat ,prserpina1 ,iovis et ,cereris flia4 ,mns igitur ,mercuri dduct prmum ad rpam venibant ,stygis flminis1 qu rgnum ,pltnis contintur4 ,hc trnsre necesse erat antequam in ,orcum venre possent4 ,cum tamen in hc flmine nllus pns factus esset1 mns trnsvehbantur ,charonte qudam1 qu cum parv scaph ad rpam exspectbat4 ,charn pr hc offici mercdem postulbat1 neque quemquam1 nisi hc praemium prius dedisset1 trnsvehere volbat4 ,quam ob causam ms erat apud antqus nummum in re mortu pnere e cnsili1 ut cum ad ,stygem vnisset1 pretium triects solvere posset4 ,i autem qu post mortem in terr nn sepult erant ,stygem trnsre nn poturunt1 sed in rp per centum anns errre coct sunt2 tum dmum ,orcum intrre licuit4 #ea4 ,,the ,,realm ,,of ,,pluto ,ut autem mns ,stygem hc mod trnsierant1 ad alterum venibant flmen1 quod ,lth appellbtur4 ,ex hc flmine aquam bibere cgbantur2 quod cum fcissent1 rs omns in vt gests memori dpnbant4 ,dnique ad sdem ipsus ,pltnis venibant1 cius introitus cane ,cerber custdibtur4 ,ibi ,plt nigr vestt indtus cum uxre ,prserpin in soli sedbat4 ,stbant etiam nn procul ab e loc tria alia solia1 in quibus sedbant ,mns1 ,rhadamanthus1 ,aeacusque1 idics apud nfers4 ,h mortus is dcbant et praemia poensque cnstitubant4 ,bon enim in ,camps lysis1 sdem betrum1 venibant2 improb autem in ,tartarum mittbantur ac mults et varis supplicis ibi excrucibantur4 #eb4 ,,hercules ,,crosses ,,the ,,styx ,herculs postquam imperia ,eurysthe accpit1 in ,lacniam ad ,taenarum statim s contulit2 ibi enim splunca erat ingent mgnitdine1 per quam1 ut trdbtur1 homins ad ,orcum dscendbant4 ,e cum vnisset1 ex incols quaesvit qu in loc splunca illa sita esset2 quod cum cgnvisset1 sine mor dscendere cnstituit4 ,nec tamen slus hc iter facibat1 ,mercurius enim et ,minerva s e socis adinxerant4 ,ubi ad rpam ,stygis vnit1 ,herculs scapham ,charontis cnscendit1 ut ad lterirem rpam trnsret4 ,cum tamen ,herculs vir esset ingent mgnitdine corporis1 ,charn solvere nlbat2 mgnopere enim verbtur n scapha sua tant pondere onerta in medi flmine mergertur4 ,tandem tamen mins ,herculis territus ,charn scapham solvit1 et eum incolumem ad lterirem rpam perdxit4 #ec4 ,,the ,,last ,,labor ,,is ,,accomplished ,postquam flmen ,stygem hc mod trnsiit1 ,herculs in sdem ipsus ,pltnis vnit2 et postquam causam veniend docuit1 ab e petvit ut ,cerberum auferre sibi licret4 ,plt1 qu d ,hercule fmam accperat1 eum bengn excpit1 et faculttem quam ille petbat libenter dedit4 ,postulvit tamen ut ,herculs ipse1 cum imperta ,eurysthe fcisset1 ,cerberum in ,orcum rrsus redceret4 ,herculs hc pollicitus est1 et ,cerberum1 quem nn sine mgn percul manibus prehenderat1 summ cum labre ex ,orc in lcem et ad urbem ,eurysthe trxit4 ,e cum vnisset1 tantus timor animum ,eurysthe occupvit ut ex tri statim refgerit2 cum autem paulum s ex timre recpisset1 mults cum lacrims obsecrvit ,herculem ut mnstrum sine mor in ,orcum redceret4 ,sc contr omnium opninem duodecim ill labrs qus ,pthia praecperat intr duodecim anns cnfect sunt2 quae cum ita essent1 ,herculs servitte tandem lbertus mgn cum gaudi ,thbs rediit4 #ed4 ,,the ,,centaur ,,nessus ,poste ,herculs multa alia praeclra perfcit1 quae nunc perscrbere longum est4 ,tandem iam aette prvectus ,dianram1 ,oene fliam1 in mtrimnium dxit2 post tamen trs anns accidit ut puerum quendam1 cui nmen erat ,eunomus1 cs occderit4 ,cum autem ms esset ut s quis hominem cs occdisset1 in exsilium ret1 ,herculs cum uxre su fnibus ius cvittis exre mtrvit4 ,dum tamen iter faciunt1 ad flmen quoddam pervnrunt in qu nllus pns erat2 et dum quaerunt qunam mod flmen trnseant1 accurrit centaurus ,nessus1 qu vitribus auxilium obtulit4 ,herculs igitur uxrem suam in tergum ,ness imposuit2 tum ipse flmen trnvit4 ,nessus autem paulum in aquam prgressus ad rpam subit revertbtur et ,dianram auferre cnbtur4 ,quod cum animadvertisset ,herculs1 r graviter commtus arcum intendit et pectus ,ness sagitt trnsfxit4 #ee4 ,,the ,,poisoned ,,robe ,nessus igitur sagitt ,herculis trnsfxus morins hum iacbat2 at n occsinem su ulcscend dmitteret1 ita loctus est3 ,t1 ,dianra1 verba morientis aud4 ,s amrem mart tu cnservre vs1 hunc sanguinem qu nunc pectore me effunditur sme ac repne2 tum1 s umquam in suspcinem tibi vnerit1 vestem mart hc sanguine nficis4 ,haec loctus ,nessus animam efflvit2 ,dianra autem nihil mal suspicta imperta fcit4 ,paul post ,herculs bellum contr ,eurytum1 rgem ,oechaliae1 suscpit2 et cum rgem ipsum cum flis interfcisset1 ,ioln ius fliam captvam scum redxit4 ,antequam tamen domum vnit1 nvem ad ,cnaeum prmunturium appulit1 et in terram gressus ram cnstituit1 ut ,iov sacrificret4 ,dum tamen sacrificium parat1 ,licham comitem suum domum msit1 qu vestem albam referret2 ms enim erat apud antqus1 dum sacrificia facerent1 albam vestem gerere4 ,at ,dianra verita n ,herculs amrem erg ,ioln habret1 vestem priusquam ,lichae dedit1 sanguine ,ness nfcit4 ,illustration3 ,,hercules1 ,,nessus1 ,,and ,,dejanira #ef4 ,,the ,,death ,,of ,,hercules ,herculs nihil mal suspicns vestem quam ,lichs attulerat statim induit2 paul post tamen dolrem per omnia membra snsit1 et quae causa esset ius re mgnopere mirbtur4 ,dolre paene exanimtus vestem dtrahere cntus est2 illa tamen in corpore haesit1 neque ll mod abscind potuit4 ,tum dmum ,herculs quasi furre impulsus in montem ,octam s contulit1 et in rogum1 quem summ celeritte exstrxit1 s imposuit4 ,hc cum fcisset1 es qu circumstbant rvit ut rogum quam celerrim succenderent4 ,omns di recsbant2 tandem tamen pstor qudam ad misericordiam inductus gnem subdidit4 ,tum1 dum omnia fm obscrantur1 ,herculs dns nbe vltus ,iove in ,olympum abreptus est4 ,,the ,,argonauts ,the celebrated voyage of the ,argonauts was brought about in this way4 ,pelias had expelled his brother ,aeson from his kingdom in ,thessaly1 and had determined to take the life of ,jason1 the son of ,aeson4 ,jason1 however1 escaped and grew up to manhood in another country4 ,at last he returned to ,thessaly2 and ,pelias1 fearing that he might attempt to recover the kingdom1 sent him to fetch the ,golden ,fleece from ,colchis1 supposing this to be an impossible feat4 ,jason with a band of heroes set sail in the ship ,argo 7called after ,argus1 its builder71 and after many adventures reached ,colchis4 ,here ,aetes1 king of ,colchis1 who was unwilling to give up the ,fleece1 set ,jason to perform what seemed an impossible task1 namely to plough a field with certain fire-breathing oxen1 and then to sow it with dragon's teeth4 ,meda1 however1 the daughter of the king1 assisted ,jason by her skill in magic1 first to perform the task appointed1 and then to procure the ,fleece4 ,she then fled with ,jason1 and to delay the pursuit of her father1 sacrificed her brother ,absyrtus4 ,after reaching ,thessaly1 ,meda caused the death of ,pelias and was expelled from the country with her husband4 ,they removed to ,corinth1 and here ,meda becoming jealous of ,glauce1 daughter of ,creon1 caused her death by means of a poisoned robe4 ,she was afterward carried off in a chariot sent by the sun-god1 and a little later ,jason was accidentally killed4 #eg4 ,,the ,,wicked ,,uncle ,erant lim in ,thessali duo frtrs1 qurum alter ,aesn1 ,pelis alter appellbtur4 ,aesn prm rgnum obtinuerat2 at post paucs anns ,pelis rgn cupiditte adductus nn modo frtrem suum expulit1 sed etiam in anim habbat ,isonem1 ,aesonis flium1 interficere4 ,qudam tamen ex amcs ,aesonis1 ubi sententiam ,peliae cgnvrunt1 puerum tant percul ripere cnstiturunt4 ,noct igitur ,isonem ex urbe abstulrunt1 et cum poster di ad rgem rediissent1 e renntivrunt puerum mortuum esse4 ,pelis cum hc audvisset1 ets r vr mgnum gaudium percipibat1 speciem tamen dolris praebuit et quae causa esset mortis quaesvit4 ,ill autem cum bene intellegerent dolrem ius falsum esse1 nesci quam fbulam d morte puer finxrunt4 #eh4 ,a ,,fateful ,,accident ,post breve tempus ,pelis1 veritus n rgnum suum tant v et fraude occuptum mitteret1 amcum quendam ,delphs msit1 qu rculum cnsuleret4 ,ille igitur quam celerrim ,delphs s contulit et quam ob causam vnisset dmnstrvit4 ,respondit rculum nllum esse in praesenti perculum2 monuit tamen ,peliam ut s quis num calceum gerns venret1 eum cavret4 ,post paucs anns accidit ut ,pelis mgnum sacrificium factrus esset2 nntis in omns parts dmserat et certam diem conveniend dxerat4 ,di cnstitt mgnus hominum numerus undique ex agrs convnit2 in hs autem vnit etiam ,isn1 qu pueriti apud centaurum quendam habitverat4 ,dum tamen iter facit1 num calces in trnseund nesci qu flmine msit4 #ei4 ,,the ,,golden ,,fleece ,isn igitur cum calceum missum nll mod recipere posset1 n pede nd in rgiam pervnit4 ,quem cum ,pelis vdisset1 subit timre adfectus est2 intellxit enim hunc esse hominem quem rculum dmnstrvisset4 ,hc igitur cnsilium iniit4 ,rx erat qudam ,aets1 qu rgnum ,colchidis ill tempore obtinbat4 ,huic commissum erat vellus illud aureum quod ,phrixus lim ibi relquerat4 ,cnstituit igitur ,pelis ,ison negtium dare ut hc vellere potrtur2 cum enim rs esset mgn percul1 eum in itinere peritrum esse sprbat4 ,isonem igitur ad s arcessvit1 et eum cohorttus quid fier vellet docuit4 ,ille ets intellegbat rem esse difficillimam1 negtium libenter suscpit4 #fj4 ,,the ,,building ,,of ,,the ,,good ,,ship ,,argo ,cum tamen ,colchis multrum dirum iter ab e loc abesset1 slus ,isn proficsc nluit4 ,dmsit igitur nntis in omns parts1 qu causam itineris docrent et diem certam conveniend dcerent4 ,intere1 postquam omnia quae sunt su ad armands nvs comportr iussit1 negtium dedit ,arg cuidam1 qu summam scientiam nauticrum rrum habbat1 ut nvem aedificret4 ,in hs rbus circiter decem dis cnsmpt sunt2 ,argus enim1 qu oper praeerat1 tantam dligentiam adhibbat ut n nocturnum quidem tempus ad labrem intermitteret4 ,ad multitdinem hominum trnsportandam nvis paul erat ltior quam quibus in nostr mar t cnsuvimus1 et ad vim tempesttum perferendam tta rbore facta est4 #fa4 ,,the ,,anchor ,,is ,,weighed ,intere is dis appetbat quem ,isn per nntis dxerat1 et ex omnibus reginibus ,graeciae mult1 qus aut re novits aut sps glriae movbat1 undique convenibant4 ,trditum est autem in hc numer fuisse ,herculem1 d qu supr multa perscrpsimus1 ,orpheum1 citharoedum praeclrissimum1 ,thseum1 ,castorem1 multsque alis quorum nmina sunt ntissima4 ,ex hs ,isn qus arbitrtus est ad omnia percula subeunda partissims esse1 es ad numerum qunqugint dlgit et socis sibi adinxit2 tum paucs dis commortus1 ut ad omns css subsidia comparret1 nvem ddxit1 et tempesttem ad nvigandum idneam nactus mgn cum plaus omnium solvit4 #fb4 ,a ,,fatal ,,mistake ,haud mult post ,argonautae 7ita enim appellbantur qu in ist nv vehbantur7 nsulam quandam1 nmine ,cyzicum1 attigrunt2 et nv gress rge illus reginis hospiti except sunt4 ,paucs hrs ibi commort ad slis occsum rrsus solvrunt2 sed postquam pauca mlia passuum prgress sunt1 tanta tempests subit coorta est ut cursum tenre nn possent1 et in eandem partem nsulae unde nper profect erant mgn cum percul dicerentur4 ,incolae tamen1 cum nox esset obscra1 ,argonauts nn gnscbant1 et nvem inimcam vnisse arbitrt arma rapurunt et es gred prohibbant4 criter in ltore pgntum est1 et rx ipse1 qu cum alis dcucurrerat1 ab ,argonauts occsus est4 ,mox tamen1 cum iam dlcsceret1 snsrunt incolae s errre et arma abicrunt2 ,argonautae autem cum rgem occsum esse vidrent1 mgnum dolrem percprunt4 #fc4 ,,the ,,loss ,,of ,,hylas ,postrdi ius di ,isn tempesttem satis idneam esse arbitrtus 7summa enim tranquillits iam cnsecta erat71 ancors sustulit1 et pauca mlia passuum prgressus ante noctem ,msiam attigit4 ,ibi paucs hrs in ancors exspectvit2 nauts enim cgnverat aquae cpiam quam scum habrent iam dficere1 quam ob causam qudam ex ,argonauts in terram gress aquam quaerbant4 ,hrum in numer erat ,hyls qudam1 puer frm praestantissim4 ,qu dum fontem quaerit1 comitibus paulum scesserat4 ,nymphae autem quae fontem colbant1 cum iuvenem vdissent1 e persudre cntae sunt ut scum manret2 et cum ille negret s hc factrum esse1 puerum v abstulrunt4 ,comits ius postquam ,hylam missum esse snsrunt1 mgn dolre adfect di frstr quaerbant4 ,herculs autem et ,polyphmus1 qu vestgia puer longius sect erant1 ubi tandem ad ltus redirunt1 ,isonem solvisse cgnvrunt4 #fd4 ,,difficult ,,dining ,post haec ,argonautae ad ,thrciam cursum tenurunt1 et postquam ad oppidum ,salmydssum nvem appulrunt1 in terram gress sunt4 ,ibi cum ab incols quaesssent quis rgnum ius reginis obtinret1 certirs fact sunt ,phneum quendam tum rgem esse4 ,cgnvrunt etiam hunc caecum esse et dr qudam supplici adfic1 quod lim s crdlissimum in flis sus praebuisset4 ,cius supplic hc erat genus4 ,missa erant ,iove mnstra quaedam speci horribil1 quae capita virginum1 corpora volucrum habbant4 ,hae volucrs1 quae ,harpiae appellbantur1 ,phne summam molestiam adferbant2 quotins enim ille accubuerat1 venibant et cibum appositum statim auferbant4 ,qu factum est ut haud multum abesset qun ,phneus fam morertur4 #fe4 ,,the ,,deliverance ,,of ,,phineus ,rs igitur male s habbat cum ,argonautae nvem appulrunt4 ,phneus autem simul atque audvit es in sus fns gresss esse1 mgnopere gvsus est4 ,scibat enim quantam opninem virttis ,argonautae habrent1 nec dubitbat qun sibi auxilium ferrent4 ,nntium igitur ad nvem msit1 qu ,isonem socisque ad rgiam vocret4 ,e cum vnissent1 ,phneus dmnstrvit quant in percul suae rs essent1 et prmsit s mgna praemia datrum esse1 s ill remedium repperissent4 ,argonautae negtium libenter suscprunt1 et ubi hra vnit1 cum rge accuburunt2 at simul ac cna apposita est1 ,harpiae cnculum intrvrunt et cibum auferre cnbantur4 ,argonautae prmum gladis volucrs petirunt2 cum tamen vidrent hc nihil prdesse1 ,zts et ,calais1 qu ls erant nstrct1 in era s sublevvrunt1 ut dsuper impetum facerent4 ,quod cum snsissent ,harpiae1 re novitte perterritae statim aufgrunt1 neque poste umquam redirunt4 #ff4 ,,the ,,symplegades ,hc fact ,phneus1 ut pr tant benefici meritam grtiam referret1 ,ison dmnstrvit qu ratine ,symplgads vtre posset4 ,symplgads autem duae erant rps ingent mgnitdine1 quae ,iove positae erant e cnsili1 n quis ad ,colchida pervenret4 ,hae parv intervll in mar natbant1 et s quid in medium spatium vnerat1 incrdibil celeritte concurrbant4 ,postquam igitur ,phne doctus est quid faciendum esset1 ,isn sublts ancors nvem solvit1 et ln vent prvectus mox ad ,symplgads appropinquvit4 ,tum in prr stns columbam quam in man tenbat msit4 ,illa rct vi per medium spatium volvit1 et priusquam rps cnflxrunt1 incolumis vsit caud tantum miss4 ,tum rps utrimque discessrunt2 antequam tamen rrsus concurrerent1 ,argonautae1 bene intellegents omnem spem saltis in celeritte positam esse1 summ v rms contendrunt et nvem incolumem perdxrunt4 ,hc fact ds grtis mxims grunt1 qurum auxili tant percul rept essent2 omns enim scibant nn sine auxili derum rem tam flciter vnisse4 #fg4 ,a ,,heavy ,,task ,brev intermiss spati ,argonautae ad flmen ,phsim vnrunt1 quod in fnibus ,colchrum erat4 ,ibi cum nvem appulissent et in terram gress essent1 statim ad rgem ,aetem s contulrunt et ab e postulvrunt ut vellus aureum sibi trdertur4 ,ille cum audvisset quam ob causam ,argonautae vnissent1 r commtus est et di negbat s vellus trditrum esse4 ,tandem tamen1 quod scibat ,isonem nn sine auxili derum hc negtium suscpisse1 mtt sententi prmsit s vellus trditrum1 s ,isn labrs dus difficillims prius perfcisset2 et cum ,isn dxisset s ad omnia percula subeunda partum esse1 quid fier vellet ostendit4 ,prmum iungend erant duo taur speci horribil1 qu flamms ex re dbant2 tum hs incts ager qudam arandus erat et dents dracnis serend4 ,hs audts ,isn ets rem esse summ percul intellegbat1 tamen1 n hanc occsinem re bene gerendae mitteret1 negtium suscpit4 #fh4 ,,the ,,magic ,,ointment ,mda1 rgis flia1 ,isonem adamvit1 et ubi audvit eum tantum perculum subitrum esse1 rem aegr ferbat4 ,intellegbat enim patrem suum hunc labrem prposuisse e ips cnsili1 ut ,isn morertur4 ,quae cum ita essent1 ,mda1 quae summam scientiam medicnae habbat1 hc cnsilium iniit4 ,medi nocte nsciente patre ex urbe vsit1 et postquam in monts fnitims vnit1 herbs qusdam carpsit2 tum sc express unguentum parvit quod v su corpus aleret nervsque cnfrmret4 ,hc fact ,ison unguentum dedit2 praecpit autem ut e di qu ist labrs cnficiend essent corpus suum et arma mne oblineret4 ,isn ets paene omnibus hominibus mgnitdine et vribus corporis antecellbat 7vta enim omnis in vntinibus atque in studi re mlitris cnsmbtur71 tamen hc cnsilium nn neglegendum esse cnsbat4 #fi4 ,,the ,,sowing ,,of ,,the ,,dragon',s ,,teeth ,ubi is dis vnit quem rx ad arandum agrum dxerat1 ,isn ort lce cum socis ad locum cnstittum s contulit4 ,ibi stabulum ingns repperit1 in qu taur erant incls2 tum ports aperts taurs in lcem trxit1 et summ cum difficultte iugum imposuit4 ,at ,aets cum vidret taurs nihil contr ,isonem valre1 mgnopere mrtus est2 nescibat enim fliam suam auxilium e dedisse4 ,tum ,isn omnibus aspicientibus agrum arre coepit1 qu in r tantam dligentiam praebuit ut ante merdiem ttum opus cnfcerit4 ,hc fact ad locum ubi rx sedbat adiit et dents dracnis postulvit2 qus ubi accpit1 in agrum quem arverat mgn cum dligenti sparsit4 ,hrum autem dentium ntra erat tlis ut in e loc ubi sments factae essent vir armt mr qudam mod ggnerentur4 #gj4 ,a ,,strange ,,crop ,nndum tamen ,isn ttum opus cnfcerat2 imperverat enim e ,aets ut armts virs qu dentibus ggnerentur slus interficeret4 ,postquam igitur omns dents in agrum sparsit1 ,isn lassitdine exanimtus quit s trdidit1 dum vir ist ggnerentur4 ,paucs hrs dormibat1 sub vesperum tamen somn subit excittus rem ita vnisse ut praedictum esset cgnvit2 nam in omnibus agr partibus vir ingent mgnitdine corporis gladis galesque armt mrum in modum terr oribantur4 ,hc cgnit ,isn cnsilium quod dedisset ,mda nn omittendum esse putbat4 ,saxum igitur ingns 7ita enim ,mda praecperat7 in medis virs conicit4 ,ill undique ad locum concurrrunt1 et cum quisque sibi id saxum nesci cr habre vellet1 mgna contrversia orta est4 ,mox stricts gladis inter s pgnre coeprunt1 et cum hc mod plrim occs essent1 reliqu vulneribus cnfect ,isone nll negti interfect sunt4 #ga4 ,,the ,,flight ,,of ,,medea ,rx ,aets ubi ,isonem labrem prpositum cnfcisse cgnvit1 r graviter commtus est2 id enim per dolum factum esse intellegbat2 nec dubitbat qun ,mda e auxilium tulisset4 ,mda autem cum intellegeret s in mgn fore percul s in rgi manret1 fug saltem petere cnstituit4 ,omnibus rbus igitur ad fugam parts medi nocte nsciente patre cum frtre ,absyrt vsit1 et quam celerrim ad locum ubi ,arg subducta erat s contulit4 ,e cum vnisset1 ad peds ,isonis s pricit1 et mults cum lacrims eum obsecrvit n in tant discrmine mulierem dsereret quae e tantum prfuisset4 ,ille quod memori tenbat s per ius auxilium mgn percul vsisse1 libenter eam excpit1 et postquam causam veniend audvit1 horttus est n patris ram timret4 ,prmsit autem s quam prmum eam in nv su vectrum4 #gb4 ,,the ,,seizure ,,of ,,the ,,fleece ,postrdi ius di ,isn cum socis sus ort lce nvem ddxit1 et tempesttem idneam nact ad eum locum rms contendrunt1 qu in loc ,mda vellus cltum esse dmnstrbat4 ,cum e vnissent1 ,isn in terram gressus est1 et socis ad mare relicts1 qu praesidi nv essent1 ipse cum ,md in silvs s contulit4 ,pauca mlia passuum per silvam prgressus vellus quod quaerbat ex arbore suspnsum vdit4 ,id tamen auferre erat summae difficulttis2 nn modo enim locus ipse gregi et ntr et arte erat mntus1 sed etiam drac qudam speci terribil arborem custdibat4 ,tum ,mda1 quae1 ut supr dmnstrvimus1 medicnae summam scientiam habuit1 rmum quem d arbore proxim dripuerat venn nfcit4 ,hc fact ad locum appropinquvit1 et dracnem1 qu faucibus aperts ius adventum exspectbat1 venn sparsit2 deinde1 dum drac somn oppressus dormit1 ,isn vellus aureum d arbore dripuit et cum ,md quam celerrim pedem rettulit4 #gc4 ,,the ,,return ,,to ,,the ,,argo ,dum autem ea geruntur1 ,argonautae1 qu ad mare relict erant1 nxi anim reditum ,isonis exspectbant2 id enim negtium summ esse percul intellegbant4 ,postquam igitur ad occsum slis frstr exspectvrunt1 d ius salte dsprre coeprunt1 nec dubitbant qun aliqu csus accidisset4 ,quae cum ita essent1 mtrandum sibi cnsurunt1 ut duc auxilium ferrent2 sed dum proficsc parant1 lmen quoddam subit cnspiciunt mrum in modum intr silvs refulgns1 et mgnopere mrt quae causa esset ius re ad locum concurrunt4 ,qu cum vnissent1 ,ison et ,mdae advenientibus occurrrunt1 et vellus aureum lminis ius causam esse cgnvrunt4 ,omn timre sublt mgn cum gaudi ducem suum excprunt1 et ds grtis mxims grunt quod rs tam flciter vnisset4 #gd4 ,,the ,,pursuit ,hs rbus gests omns sine mor nvem rrsus cnscendrunt1 et sublts ancors prm vigili solvrunt2 neque enim satis ttum esse arbitrt sunt in e loc manre4 ,at rx ,aets1 qu iam ante inimc in es fuerat anim1 ubi cgnvit fliam suam nn modo ad ,argonauts s recpisse sed etiam ad vellus auferendum auxilium tulisse1 hc dolre gravius exrsit4 ,nvem longam quam celerrim ddc iussit1 et mlitibus imposits fugients nsectus est4 ,argonautae1 qu rem in discrmine esse bene scibant1 omnibus vribus rms contendbant2 cum tamen nvis qu vehbantur ingent esset mgnitdine1 nn edem celeritte qu ,colch prgred poterant4 ,qu factum est ut minimum abesset qun ,colchs sequentibus caperentur1 neque enim longius intererat quam qu tlum adic posset4 ,at ,mda cum vdisset qu in loc rs essent1 paene omn sp dposit nfandum hc cnsilium cpit4 #ge4 ,a ,,fearful ,,expedient ,erat in nv ,argonautrum flius qudam rgis ,aetae1 nmine ,absyrtus1 quem1 ut supr dmnstrvimus1 ,mda ex urbe fugins scum abdxerat4 ,hunc puerum ,mda interficere cnstituit e cnsili1 ut membrs ius in mare coniects cursum ,colchrum impedret2 cert enim scibat ,aetem1 cum membra fl vdisset1 nn longius prsectrum esse4 ,neque opni ,mdam fefellit1 omnia enim ita vnrunt ut sprverat4 ,aets ubi prmum membra vdit1 ad ea conligenda nvem tenr iussit4 ,dum tamen ea geruntur1 ,argonautae nn intermiss rmigand labre mox cnspect hostium auferbantur1 neque prius fugere dstitrunt quam ad flmen ridanum pervnrunt4 ,aets nihil sibi prfutrum esse arbitrtus s longius prgressus esset1 anim dmiss domum revertit1 ut fl corpus ad sepultram daret4 #gf4 ,,the ,,bargain ,,with ,,pelias ,tandem post multa percula ,isn in eundem locum pervnit unde profectus erat4 ,tum nv gressus ad rgem ,peliam1 qu rgnum adhc obtinbat1 statim s contulit1 et vellere aure mnstrt ab e postulvit ut rgnum sibi trdertur2 ,pelis enim pollicitus erat1 s ,isn vellus rettulisset1 s rgnum e trditrum4 ,postquam ,isn quid fier vellet ostendit1 ,pelis prm nihil respondit1 sed di in edem trstiti tacitus permnsit2 tandem ita loctus est3 ,vids m aette iam esse cnfectum1 neque dubium est qun dis suprmus mihi appropinquet4 ,liceat igitur mihi1 dum vvam1 hc rgnum obtinre2 cum autem tandem dcesser1 t mihi succds4 ,hc rtine adductus ,isn respondit s id factrum quod ille rogsset4 #gg4 ,,magic ,,arts ,hs rbus cgnits ,mda rem aegr tulit1 et rgn cupiditte adducta mortem rg per dolum nferre cnstituit4 ,hc cnstitt ad flis rgis vnit atque ita locta est3 ,vidtis patrem vestrum aette iam esse cnfectum neque ad labrem rgnand perferendum satis valre4 ,vultisne eum rrsus iuvenem fier8 ,tum fliae rgis ita respondrunt3 ,num hc fier potest8 ,quis enim umquam sene iuvenis factus est8 ,at ,mda respondit3 ,m medicnae summam habre scientiam sctis4 ,nunc igitur vbis dmnstrb qu mod haec rs fier possit4 ,postquam fnem loquend fcit1 arietem aette iam cnfectum interfcit et membra ius in vse ane posuit1 atque gn supposit in aquam herbs qusdam infdit4 ,tum1 dum aqua effervsceret1 carmen magicum cantbat4 ,mox aris vse exsiluit et vribus refects per agrs currbat4 #gh4 ,a ,,dangerous ,,experiment ,dum fliae rgis hc mrculum stupents intuentur1 ,mda ita locta est3 ,vidtis quantum valeat medicna4 ,vs igitur1 s vultis patrem vestrum in adulscentiam redcere1 id quod fc ipsae facitis4 ,vs patris membra in vs conicite2 ego herbs magics praebb4 ,quod ubi audtum est1 fliae rgis cnsilium quod dedisset ,mda nn omittendum putvrunt4 ,patrem igitur ,peliam necvrunt et membra ius in vs aneum conicrunt2 nihil autem dubitbant qun hc mxim e prfutrum esset4 ,at rs omnn aliter vnit ac sprverant1 ,mda enim nn esdem herbs dedit quibus ipsa sa erat4 ,itaque postquam di frstr exspectvrunt1 patrem suum r vr mortuum esse intellxrunt4 ,hs rbus gests ,mda s cum coniuge su rgnum acceptram esse sprbat2 sed cvs cum intellegerent qu mod ,pelis periisset1 tantum scelus aegr tulrunt4 ,itaque ,isone et ,md rgn expulss ,acastum rgem crevrunt4 #gi4 ,a ,,fatal ,,gift ,isn et ,mda ,thessali expuls ad urbem ,corinthum vnrunt1 cius urbis ,cren qudam rgnum tum obtinbat4 ,erat autem ,creont flia na1 nmine ,glauc4 ,quam cum vdisset1 ,isn cnstituit ,mdae uxr suae nntium mittere e cnsili1 ut ,glaucn in mtrimnium dceret4 ,at ,mda ubi intellxit quae ille in anim habret1 r graviter commta ire irand cnfrmvit s tantam iniriam ultram4 ,hc igitur cnsilium cpit4 ,vestem parvit summ arte textam et varis colribus nfectam2 hanc mortifer qudam venn tinxit1 cius vs tlis erat ut s quis eam vestem induisset1 corpus ius quasi gn rertur4 ,hc fact vestem ad ,glaucn msit2 illa autem nihil mal suspicns dnum libenter accpit1 et vestem novam mre fminrum statim induit4 #hj4 ,,medea ,,kills ,,her ,,sons ,vix vestem induerat ,glauc cum dolrem gravem per omnia membra snsit1 et paul post crdl crucit adfecta vt excessit4 ,hs rbus gests ,mda furre atque menti impulsa flis sus necvit2 tum mgnum sibi fore perculum arbitrta s in ,thessali manret1 ex e regine fugere cnstituit4 ,hc cnstitt slem rvit ut in tant percul auxilium sibi praebret4 ,sl autem hs precibus commtus currum msit cui erant inct dracns ls nstrct4 ,mda nn omittendam tantam occsinem arbitrta currum ascendit1 itaque per era vecta incolumis ad urbem ,athns pervnit4 ,isn ipse brev tempore mr mod occsus est4 ,accidit sve cs sve cnsili derum ut sub umbr nvis suae1 quae in ltus subducta erat1 dormret4 ,mox nvis1 quae adhc rcta steterat1 in eam partem ubi ,isn iacbat subit dlapsa virum nflcem oppressit4 ,illustration3 ,,medea ,,meditating ,,the ,,murder ,,of ,,her ,,sons ,,ulysses ,ulysses1 a famous ,greek hero1 took a prominent part in the long siege of ,troy4 ,after the fall of the city1 he set out with his followers on his homeward voyage to ,ithaca1 an island of which he was king2 but being driven out of his course by northerly winds1 he was compelled to touch at the country of the ,lotus-eaters1 who are supposed to have lived on the north coast of ,africa4 ,some of his comrades were so delighted with the lotus fruit that they wished to remain in the country1 but ,ulysses compelled them to embark again and continued his voyage4 ,he next came to the island of ,sicily1 and fell into the hands of the giant ,polyphmus1 one of the ,cyclpes4 ,after several of his comrades had been killed by this monster1 ,ulysses made his escape by stratagem and reached the country of the winds4 ,here he received the help of ,aeolus1 king of the winds1 and having set sail again1 arrived within sight of ,ithaca2 but owing to the folly of his companions1 the winds became suddenly adverse and he was again driven back4 ,he then touched at an island which was the home of ,circe1 a powerful enchantress1 who exercised her charms on his companions and turned them into swine4 ,by the help of the god ,mercury1 ,ulysses not only escaped this fate himself1 but also forced ,circe to restore her victims to human shape4 ,after staying a year with ,circe1 he again set out and eventually reached his home4 #ha4 ,,homeward ,,bound ,urbem ,triam ,graecs decem anns obsessam esse satis cnstat2 d hc enim bell ,homrus1 mximus potrum ,graecrum1 liadem opus ntissimum scrpsit4 ,tri tandem per nsidis capt1 ,graec long bell fess domum redre mtrvrunt4 ,omnibus rbus igitur ad profectinem parts nvs ddxrunt1 et tempesttem idneam nact mgn cum gaudi solvrunt4 ,erat inter prms ,graecrum ,ulixs qudam1 vir summae virttis ac prdentiae1 quem dcunt nnnll dolum istum excgitsse qu ,triam captam esse cnstat4 ,hc rgnum nsulae ,ithacae obtinuerat1 et paul antequam cum reliqus ,graecs ad bellum profectus est1 puellam frmsissimam1 nmine ,pnelopn1 in mtrimnium dxerat4 ,nunc igitur cum iam decem anns quasi in exsili cnsmpsisset1 mgn cupiditte patriae et uxris videndae rdbat4 #hb4 ,,the ,,lotus-,,eaters ,postquam tamen pauca mlia passuum ltore ,triae progress sunt1 tanta tempests subit coorta est ut nlla nvium cursum tenre posset1 sed aliae alis in parts disicerentur4 ,nvis autem qu ipse ,ulixs vehbtur v tempesttis ad merdiem dlta decim di ad ltus ,libyae appulsa est4 ,ancors iacts ,ulixs cnstituit nnnlls socis in terram expnere1 qu aquam ad nvem referrent et qulis esset ntra ius reginis cgnscerent4 ,h igitur nv gress imperta facere parbant4 ,dum tamen fontem quaerunt1 quibusdam ex incols obviam fact ab is hospiti accept sunt4 ,accidit autem ut mior pars vcts erum hominum in mr qudam frct quem ltum appellbant cnsisteret4 ,quam cum ,graec gustssent1 patriae et socirum statim oblt cnfrmvrunt s semper in e terr mnsrs1 ut dulc ill cib in perpetuum vscerentur4 #hc4 ,,the ,,rescue ,ulixs cum ab hr septim ad vesperum exspectsset1 veritus n soci su in percul versrentur1 nnnlls reliqus msit1 ut quae causa esset morae cgnscerent4 ,h igitur in terram exposit ad vcum qu nn long aberat s contulrunt2 qu cum vnissent1 socis sus quasi vn bris repperrunt4 ,tum ubi causam veniend docurunt1 is persudre cnbantur ut scum ad nvem redrent4 ,ill tamen resistere ac man s dfendere coeprunt1 saepe clmitants s numquam ex e loc abitrs4 ,quae cum ita essent1 nnti r nfect ad ,ulixem redirunt4 ,hs rbus cgnits ipse cum omnibus qu in nv relict erant ad locum vnit2 et socis sus frstr horttus ut su sponte redrent1 manibus erum post terga vincts invts ad nvem reportvit4 ,tum ancors sublts quam celerrim port solvit4 #hd4 ,,the ,,one-,,eyed ,,giant ,postquam e tt nocte rms contendrunt1 postrdi ad terram gntam nvem appulrunt4 ,tum1 quod ntram ius reginis gnrbat1 ipse ,ulixs cum duodecim socis in terram gressus loca explrre cnstituit4 ,paulum ltore prgress ad spluncam ingentem pervnrunt1 quam habitr snsrunt2 ius enim introitum et ntr loc et man mntum esse animadvertrunt4 ,mox1 ets intellegbant s nn sine percul id factrs1 spluncam intrvrunt2 quod cum fcissent1 mgnam cpiam lactis in vss ingentibus conditam invnrunt4 ,dum tamen mrantur quis in e sde habitret1 sonitum terribilem audvrunt1 et oculs ad portam torts mnstrum horribile vdrunt1 hmn quidem speci et figr1 sed ingent mgnitdine corporis4 ,cum autem animadvertissent mnstrum num oculum tantum habre in medi fronte positum1 intellxrunt hunc esse num ,cyclpibus1 d quibus fmam iam accperant4 #he4 ,,the ,,giant',s ,,supper ,cyclps autem pstrs erant qudam qu nsulam ,siciliam et praecipu montem ,aetnam incolbant2 ibi enim ,volcnus1 praeses fabrrum et gnis repertor1 cius serv ,cyclps erant1 officnam suam habbat4 ,graec igitur simul ac mnstrum vdrunt1 terrre paene exanimt in interirem partem spluncae refgrunt et s ibi abdere cnbantur4 ,polyphmus autem 7sc enim ,cyclps appellbtur7 pecus suum in spluncam compulit2 deinde1 cum sax ingent portam obstrxisset1 gnem in medi splunc fcit4 ,hc fact1 ocul omnia perlstrbat1 et cum snsisset homins in interire parte spluncae esse abdits1 mgn vce exclmvit3 ,qu homins estis8 ,merctrs an latrns8 ,tum ,ulixs respondit s neque merctrs esse neque praedand caus vnisse2 sed ,tri redeunts v tempesttum rct curs dpulss esse4 rvit etiam ut sibi sine iniri abre licret4 ,tum ,polyphmus quaesvit ubi esset nvis qu vect essent2 sed ,ulixs cum sibi mxim praecavendum esse bene intellegeret1 respondit nvem suam in rps coniectam omnn frctam esse4 ,polyphmus autem nll respns dat duo socis man corripuit1 et membrs erum dvulss carnem dvorre coepit4 #hf4 ,a ,,desperate ,,situation ,dum haec geruntur1 ,graecrum anims tantus terror occupvit ut n vcem quidem dere possent1 sed omn sp saltis dposit mortem praesentem exspectrent4 ,polyphmus1 postquam fams hc tam horribil cn dpulsa est1 hum prstrtus somn s dedit4 ,quod cum vdisset ,ulixs1 tantam occsinem re gerendae nn omittendam arbitrtus1 in e erat ut pectus mnstr gladi trnsfgeret4 ,cum tamen nihil temer agendum exstimret1 cnstituit explrre1 antequam hc faceret1 qu ratine ex splunc vdere possent4 ,at cum saxum animadvertisset qu introitus obstrctus erat1 nihil sibi prfutrum intellxit s ,polyphmum interfcisset4 ,tanta enim erat ius sax mgnitd ut n decem quidem hominibus movr posset4 ,quae cum ita essent1 ,ulixs hc cnt dstitit et ad socis rediit2 qu cum intellxissent qu in loc rs essent1 nll sp saltis oblt d fortns sus dsprre coeprunt4 ,ille tamen n anims dmitterent vehementer horttus est2 dmnstrvit s iam ante mults et mgns perculs vsisse1 neque dubium esse qun in tant discrmine d auxilium ltr essent4 #hg4 ,a ,,plan ,,for ,,vengeance ,ort lce ,polyphmus iam somn excittus idem quod hestern di fcit2 correpts enim dubus reliqus virs carnem erum sine mor dvorvit4 ,tum1 cum saxum mvisset1 ipse cum pecore su ex splunc prgressus est2 quod cum ,graec vidrent1 mgnam in spem s post paulum vsrs vnrunt4 ,mox tamen ab hc sp repuls sunt2 nam ,polyphmus1 postquam omns ovs exirunt1 saxum in locum restituit4 ,reliqu omn sp saltis dposit lments lacrimsque s ddidrunt2 ,ulixs vr1 qu1 ut supr dmnstrvimus1 vir mgn fuit cnsil1 ets intellegbat rem in discrmine esse1 nndum omnn dsprbat4 ,tandem1 postquam di haec tt anim cgitvit1 hc cnsilium cpit4 lgns quae in splunc reposita erant plum mgnum dlgit4 ,hunc summ cum dligenti praeactum fcit2 tum1 postquam socis quid fier vellet ostendit1 reditum ,polyphm exspectbat4 #hh4 ,a ,,glass ,,too ,,much ,sub vesperum ,polyphmus ad spluncam rediit1 et edem mod qu ante cnvit4 ,tum ,ulixs trem vn prmpsit1 quem forte 7id quod e erat salt7 scum attulerat2 et postquam mgnum pculum vn complvit1 mnstrum ad bibendum prvocvit4 ,polyphmus1 qu numquam ante vnum gustverat1 ttum pculum statim exhausit2 quod cum fcisset1 tantam volupttem percpit ut iterum et tertium pculum replr iusserit4 ,tum1 cum quaesvisset qu nmine ,ulixs appellrtur1 ille respondit s ,nminem appellar2 quod cum audvisset1 ,polyphmus ita loctus est3 ,hanc1 tibi grtiam pr tant benefici referam2 t postrmum omnium dvorb4 ,hc cum dxisset1 cib vnque gravis recubuit et brev tempore somn oppressus est4 ,tum ,ulixs socis convocts1 ,habmus1 inquit1 quam petiimus faculttem2 n igitur tantam occsinem re gerendae omittmus4 #hi4 ,,the ,,blinding ,,of ,,polyphemus ,hc rtine habit1 postquam extrmum plum gn calefcit1 oculum ,polyphm dormientis fervent lgn perfdit2 qu fact omns in dverss spluncae parts s abdidrunt4 ,at ille subit ill dolre ocul somn excittus clmrem terribilem sustulit1 et dum per spluncam errat1 ,ulixem man prehendere cnbtur2 cum tamen iam omnn caecus esset1 nll mod hc efficere potuit4 ,intere reliqu ,cyclps clmre audt undique ad spluncam convnrunt1 et ad introitum adstants quid ,polyphmus ageret quaesvrunt1 et quam ob causam tantum clmrem sustulisset4 ,ille respondit s graviter vulnertum esse et mgn dolre adfic4 ,cum tamen poste quaesvissent quis e vim intulisset1 respondit ille ,nminem id fcisse2 quibus rbus audts nus ,cyclpibus3 ,at s nm1 inquit1 t vulnervit1 haud dubium est qun cnsili derum1 quibus resistere nec possumus nec volumus1 hc supplici adficiris4 ,hc cum dxisset1 abirunt ,cyclps eum in nsniam incidisse arbitrt4 #ij4 ,,the ,,escape ,polyphmus ubi socis sus abiisse snsit1 furre atque menti impulsus ,ulixem iterum quaerere coepit2 tandem cum portam invnisset1 saxum qu obstrcta erat mvit1 ut pecus in agrs exret4 ,tum ipse in introit cnsdit1 et ut quaeque ovis ad hunc locum vnerat1 ius tergum manibus trctbat1 n vir inter ovs exre possent4 ,quod cum animadvertisset ,ulixs1 intellxit omnem spem saltis in dol magis quam in virtte pn4 ,itaque hc cnsilium iniit4 ,prmum trs qus vidit pinguissims ex ovibus dlgit1 qus cum inter s viminibus coninxisset1 num ex socis sus ventribus erum ita subicit ut omnn latret2 deinde ovs hominem scum ferents ad portam git4 ,id accidit quod fore suspictus erat4 ,polyphmus enim postquam terga ovium manibus trctvit1 es praeterre passus est4 ,ulixs ubi rem tam flciter vnisse vdit1 omns socis sus ex rdine edem mod msit2 qu fact ipse novissimus vsit4 #ia4 ,,out ,,of ,,danger ,is rbus ita cnfects1 ,ulixs veritus n ,polyphmus fraudem sentret1 cum socis quam celerrim ad ltus contendit2 qu cum vnissent1 ab is qu nv praesidi relict erant mgn cum laetiti except sunt4 ,h enim cum nxis anims iam trs dis continus reditum erum exspectvissent1 es in aliquod perculum mgnum incidisse 7id quidem quod erat7 suspict1 ips auxiliand caus gred parbant4 ,tum ,ulixs nn satis ttum arbitrtus in e loc manre1 quam celerrim profissc cnstituit4 ,iussit igitur omns nvem cnscendere1 et ancors sublts paulum ltore in altum prvectus est4 ,tum mgn vce exclmvit3 ,t1 ,polyphme1 qu ira hospit spernis1 istam et dbitam poenam immnittis tuae solvist4 ,hc vce audt ,polyphmus r vehementer commtus ad mare s contulit1 et ubi nvem paulum ltore remtam esse intellxit1 saxum ingns man correptum in eam partem conicit unde vcem venre snsit4 ,graec autem1 ets nn multum fuit qun submergerentur1 nll damn accept cursum tenurunt4 #ib4 ,,the ,,country ,,of ,,the ,,winds ,pauca mlia passuum ab e loc prgressus ,ulixs ad nsulam ,aeoliam nvem appulit4 ,haec patria erat ventrum1 ,hc vst rx ,aeolus antr luctants vents tempesttsque sonrs imperi premit ac vincls et carcere frnat4 ,ibi rx ipse ,graecs hospiti excpit1 atque is persusit ut ad recuperands vrs paucs dis in e regine commorrentur4 ,septim di cum soci labribus s recpissent1 ,ulixs1 n ann tempore nvigtine excldertur1 sibi sine mor proficscendum statuit4 ,tum ,aeolus1 qu scibat ,ulixem cupidissimum esse patriae videndae1 e iam profectr mgnum saccum cori cnfectum dedit1 in qu vents omns praeter num inclserat4 ,zephyrum tantum solverat1 quod ille ventus ab nsul ,aeoli ad ,ithacam nvigant est secundus4 ,ulixs hc dnum libenter accpit1 et grtis pr tant benefici cts saccum ad mlum adligvit4 ,tum omnibus rbus ad profectinem parts merdin fer tempore port solvit4 #ic4 ,,the ,,wind-,,bag ,novem dis secundissim vent cursum tenurunt1 iamque in cnspectum patriae suae vnerant1 cum ,ulixs lassitdine cnfectus 7ipse enim gubernbat7 ad quitem capiendam recubuit4 ,at soci1 qu iam ddum mrbantur quid in ill sacc inclsum esset1 cum ducem somn oppressum vidrent1 tantam occsinem nn omittendam arbitrt sunt2 crdbant enim aurum et argentum ibi esse clta4 ,itaque sp lucr adduct saccum sine mor solvrunt1 qu fact vent velut gmine fact qu data porta ruunt1 et terrs turbine perflant4 ,hc tanta tempests subit coorta est ut ill cursum tenre nn possent sed in eandem partem unde erant profect referrentur4 ,ulixs somn excittus qu in loc rs esset statim intellxit2 saccum soltum1 ,ithacam post tergum relictam vdit4 ,tum vr r vehementer exrsit socisque obirgbat quod cupiditte pecniae adduct spem patriae videndae pricissent4 #id4 ,a ,,drawing ,,of ,,lots ,brev spati intermiss ,graec nsulae cuidam appropinquvrunt in qu ,circ1 flia ,slis1 habitbat4 ,qu cum nvem appulisset1 ,ulixs in terram frmentand caus grediendum esse statuit2 nam cgnverat frmentum quod in nv habrent iam dficere4 ,socis igitur ad s convocts qu in loc rs esset et quid fier vellet ostendit4 ,cum tamen omns memori tenrent quam crdl morte nect essent i qu nper nv gress essent1 nm repertus est qu hc negtium suscipere vellet4 ,quae cum ita essent1 rs ad contrversiam dducta est4 ,tandem ,ulixs cnsns omnium socis in dus parts dvsit1 qurum alter ,eurylochus1 vir summae virttis1 alter ipse praeesse4 ,tum h inter s sortt sunt uter in terram gredertur4 ,hc fact1 ,euryloch sorte vnit ut cum dubus et vgint socis rem susciperet4 #ie4 ,,the ,,house ,,of ,,the ,,enchantress ,hs rbus ita cnstittis i qu sortt erant in interirem partem nsulae profect sunt4 ,tantus tamen timor anims erum occupverat ut nihil dubitrent qun mort obviam rent4 ,vix quidem poterant i qu in nv relict erant lacrims tenre2 crdbant enim s socis sus numquam post hc tempus vsrs4 ,ill autem aliquantum itineris prgress ad vllam quandam pervnrunt summ mgnificenti aedifictam1 cius ad stium cum adiissent1 cantum dulcissimum audvrunt4 ,tanta autem fuit ius vcis dulcd ut nll mod retinr possent qun inuam pulsrent4 ,hc fact ipsa ,circ fors exiit1 et summ cum bengnitte omns in hospitium invtvit4 ,eurylochus nsidis sibi comparr suspictus fors exspectre cnstituit1 sed reliqu re novitte adduct intrvrunt4 ,cnam mgnificam omnibus rbus nstrctam invnrunt et iss dominae libentissim accuburunt4 ,at ,circ vnum quod serv apposurunt medicment qudam miscuerat2 quod cum ,graec bibissent1 grav somn subit oppress sunt4 #if4 ,,the ,,charm ,tum ,circ1 quae artis magicae summam scientiam habbat1 bacul aure quod gerbat capita erum tetigit2 qu fact omns in porcs subit convers sunt4 ,intere ,eurylochus gnrus quid in aedibus agertur ad stium sedbat2 postquam tamen ad slis occsum nxi anim et sollicit exspectvit1 slus ad nvem regred cnstituit4 ,e cum vnisset1 sollicitdine ac timre tam perturbtus fuit ut quae vdisset vix dlcid nrrre posset4 ,ulixs autem satis intellxit socis sus in percul versr1 et gladi corrept ,euryloch impervit ut sine mor viam ad istam domum dmnstrret4 ,ille tamen mults cum lacrims ,ulixem complexus obsecrre coepit n in tantum perculum s committeret2 s quid gravius e accidisset1 omnium saltem in summ discrmine futram4 ,ulixs autem respondit s nminem invtum scum adductrum2 e licre1 s mllet1 in nv manre2 s ipsum sine ll praesidi rem susceptrum4 ,hc cum mgn vce dxisset1 nv dsiluit et nll sequente slus in viam s dedit4 #ig4 ,,the ,,countercharm ,aliquantum itineris prgressus ad vllam mgnificam pervnit1 quam cum oculs perlstrsset1 statim intrre statuit2 intellxit enim hanc esse eandem domum d qu ,eurylochus mentinem fcisset4 ,at cum in e esset ut lmen intrret1 subit e obviam stetit adulscns frm pulcherrim aureum baculum gerns4 ,hc ,ulixem iam domum intrantem man corripuit et1 ,qu ruis8 inquit4 ,nnne scs hanc esse ,circs domum8 ,hc incls sunt amc tu ex hmn speci in porcs convers4 ,num vs ipse in eandem calamittem venre8 ,ulixs simul ac vcem audvit1 deum ,mercurium gnvit2 nlls tamen precibus ab nstitt cnsili dterrr potuit4 ,quod cum ,mercurius snsisset1 herbam quandam e dedit1 quam contr carmina multum valre dcbat4 ,hanc cape1 inquit1 et ubi ,circ t bacul tetigerit1 t strict gladi impetum in eam vid ut facis4 ,mercurius postquam fnem loquend fcit1 mortls vss medi sermne relquit1 et procul in tenuem ex oculs vnuit auram4 #ih4 ,,the ,,enchantress ,,is ,,foiled ,brev intermiss spati ,ulixs ad omnia percula subeunda partus inuam pulsvit1 et foribus patefacts ab ips ,circ bengn exceptus est4 ,omnia edem mod atque ante facta sunt4 ,cnam mgnific nstrctam vdit et accumbere issus est4 ,mox1 ubi fams cib dpulsa est1 ,circ pculum aureum vn repltum ,ulix dedit4 ,ille ets suspictus est vennum sibi partum esse1 pculum exhausit2 qu fact ,circ postquam caput ius bacul tetigit1 ea verba locta est quibus socis ius ante in porcs converterat4 ,rs tamen omnn aliter vnit atque illa sprverat4 ,tanta enim vs erat ius herbae quam ,ulix ,mercurius dederat ut neque vennum neque verba quicquam efficere possent4 ,ulixs autem1 ut e praeceptum erat1 gladi strict impetum in eam fcit et mortem minitbtur4 ,circ cum artem suam nihil valre snsisset1 mults cum lacrims eum obsecrre coepit n sibi vtam adimeret4 #ii4 ,,men ,,once ,,more ,ulixs autem ubi snsit eam timre perterritam esse1 postulvit ut socis sus sine mor in hmnam speciem redceret 7certior enim factus erat de ,mercuri es in porcs converss esse72 nisi id factum esset1 s dbits poens smptrum ostendit4 ,circ hs rbus graviter commta e ad peds s pricit1 et mults cum lacrims ire irand cnfrmvit s quae ille impersset omnia factram4 ,tum porcs in trium immitt iussit4 ,ill dat sgn inrurunt1 et cum ducem suum gnvissent1 mgn dolre adfect sunt quod nll mod eum d rbus sus certirem facere poterant4 ,circ tamen unguent qudam corpora erum nxit2 qu fact sunt omns statim in hmnam speciem reduct4 ,mgn cum gaudi ,ulixs sus amcs gnvit1 et nntium ad ltus msit1 qu reliqus ,graecs socis recepts esse dceret4 ,ill autem hs rbus cgnits statim ad domum ,circaeam s contulrunt2 qu cum vnissent1 nivers laetitiae s ddidrunt4 ,illustration3 ,,ulysses ,,and ,,circe #ajj4 ,,afloat ,,again ,postrdi ius di ,ulixs ex hc nsul quam celerrim discdere in anim habbat4 ,circ tamen cum haec cgnvisset1 ex odi ad amrem conversa omnibus precibus eum rre et obtestr coepit ut paucs dis apud s morrtur2 qu r tandem impetrt tanta beneficia in eum contulit ut facile e persusum sit ut ditius manret4 ,postquam tamen ttum annum apud ,circn cnsmpserat1 ,ulixs mgn dsderi patriae suae mtus est4 ,socis igitur ad s convocts quid in anim habret ostendit4 ,ubi tamen ad ltus dscendit1 nvem suam tempesttibus tam adflctam invnit ut ad nvigandum paene intilis esset4 ,hc r cgnit omnia quae ad nvs reficiends su essent comparr iussit1 qu in r tantam dligentiam omns adhibbant ut ante tertium diem opus perfcerint4 ,at ,circ ubi omnia ad profectinem parta esse vdit1 rem aegr ferbat et ,ulixem vehementer obsecrbat ut e cnsili dsisteret4 ,ille tamen1 n ann tempore a nvigtine excldertur1 mtrandum sibi exstimvit1 et tempesttem idneam nactus nvem solvit4 ,multa quidem percula ,ulix subeunda erant antequam in patriam suam pervenret1 quae tamen hc loc longum est perscrbere4 ,,notes ,,perseus ,the numbers refer to the page of text and the line on the page respectively4 #c4f4 ,dana4 ,many proper names in this book are words borrowed by ,latin from ,greek1 and have forms not given in the regular ,latin declensions4 ,it will not be necessary to learn the declension of such words4 #g4 enim4 ,this word commonly stands second in its clause4 #h4 turbbat4 ,notice that this verb and dormibat below are in the imperfect tense to denote a state of things existing at the past time indicated by territa est4 autem4 ,this word has the same peculiarity of position as enim2 so also igitur1 which occurs in line #aa4 #ab4 ,serphum4 ,notice that ,latin says 'the island ,seriphos1' but ,english more often 'the island of ,seriphos4' #ac4 appulsa est4 ,postquam is regularly followed by the perfect or present indicative1 but the ,english translation usually requires the pluperfect4 #ae4 qudam4 ,qudam means 'certain' as applied to some person or thing not fully described1 while certus means 'certain' in the sense of 'determined4' 'sure1' ad domum4 ,this means 'to the house'2 'to be brought home' would be domum addc1 without the preposition4 #af4 ,ille is often used1 as here1 when the subject is changed to a person mentioned in the preceding sentence4 ,in this use it is to be translated 'he4' #ah4 benefici4 ,see the derivation of this word in the vocabulary4 #bj4 mults anns4 ,duration of time is regularly expressed in the accusative case4 #bb4 eam4 ,latin has no pronoun of the third person1 and is often takes the place of one2 it is then to be translated 'he1' 'she1' 'it1' 'they1' according to its form4 #be4 haec4 ,the literal translation would be 'these things1' but we must say 'thus' or 'as follows4' #d4 #a4 es4 ,with iam ddum and similar expressions of duration1 the present indicative is often used to denote an action or state begun in the past but continuing in the present4 ,the ,english equivalent is the perfect4 hc1 is not the pronoun1 but an adverb4 #b4 mihi4 ,this dative may be translated 'for me4' ,how would 'to me' with a verb of motion be put8 #c4 refer4 ,dc1 dc1 faci1 and fer have the imperative forms dc1 dc1 fac1 and fer1 instead of dce1 etc4 #d4 ,perseus4 ,when the subordinate and the principal clause of a ,latin sentence have the same subject1 this usually stands first1 followed by the subordinate clause4 haec4 ,here a different rendering is required from that suggested in the note on #c1 #be4 ,what is it8 ,notice that it is necessary to know the literal significance of the ,latin words1 but that the translation must often be something quite different if it is to be acceptable ,english4 ,the rule for translation is3 ,discover the exact meaning of the original2 then express the same idea correctly and1 if you can1 elegantly in the language into which you are translating4 #e4 continentem4 ,what is the derivation of this word8 vnit4 ,is this present or perfect8 ,how do you know8 #h4 ,graes4 ,the ,graeae were three old women who had one eye and one tooth in common1 and took turns in using them4 #i4 galeam4 ,this belonged to ,pluto1 the god of the underworld of the dead1 and whosoever wore it was invisible4 ,the story is that ,perseus compelled the ,graeae to tell him how to obtain the helps to his enterprise by seizing their tooth and eye4 #aa4 pedibus1 'on his feet1' dative of indirect object4 induit4 ,see the note on #c1 #ac4 era4 r is borrowed from ,greek1 and keeps this ,greek form for its accusative4 #ab4 volbat4 ,distinguish between vol1 volre1 and vol1 velle4 #ac4 cters4 ,cter is used to denote all not already named 7'the other'71 while ali denotes some of those who have not been already named 7'other'74 #ad4 speci horribil1 'of terrible appearance4' ablative of description4 ,a noun never stands alone in this construction1 erum4 ,see the note on #c1 #bb4 #ae4 contcta4 ,this and factae below are used as predicate adjectives1 not to form the pluperfect passive with erant4 ,translate1 therefore1 'were covered4' not 'had been covered4' #ah4 vertbantur4 ,the imperfect here denotes customary action1 one of its regular uses4 #ai4 ,ille4 ,see the note on #c1 #af4 #bj4 hc mod1 ablative of manner4 #ba4 vnit1 dormibat4 ,the perfect simply expresses an action which took place in past time1 the imperfect tells of a state of things existing at that past time4 #be4 fugit4 ,when dum means 'while1' 'as1' it is followed by the present indicative1 even when used of past events4 #bf4 fcit4 ,like postquam1 ubi has the present or perfect indicative1 where ,english would use the pluperfect4 #e4 #b4 ill tempore1 ablative of time4 rgnbat4 ,observe the force of the tense1 and try to find the reason for each change of tense in this paragraph4 ,hc4 ,this must here be translated simply 'he4' ,compare the use of ,ille1 #c1 #af4 #d4 venibat4 ,see the note on #d1 #ah4 #f4 omnium1 'of all men4' or 'of all4' ,the adjective is used as a noun1 as in the second of the ,english expressions4 rculum4 ,it was believed in antiquity that the will of the gods and a knowledge of future events might be learned at certain shrines1 of which the most famous were those of ,apollo at ,delphi1 of ,zeus or ,jupiter at ,dodona1 and of ,hammon in ,egypt4 ,hammon was really an ,egyptian god1 represented as having the horns of a ram1 but he was identified by the ,greeks with ,zeus and by the ,romans with ,jupiter4 #g4 fliam4 ,where there is no ambiguity1 the possessive is often omitted in ,latin4 #h4 autem1 often1 as here1 simply introduces an explanation 7'now'71 nmine1 'by name4' #i4 ,cpheus4 ,see the note on ,perseus1 #d1 #d4 #aj4 cvs sus1 'his subjects4' #ac4 certam4 ,see the note on qudam1 #c1 #ae4 ,dis is regularly masculine1 but when used of an appointed day it is often feminine4 omnia1 'all things1' 'everything1' or 'all4' ,see the note on omnium1 line #f4 #af4 dplrbant1 tenbant4 ,be careful to show the meaning of the tense by your translation4 #ah4 quaerit4 ,the present is often used of a past action instead of the perfect1 to bring the action more vividly before us as if it were taking place now4 ,this is called the historical present4 #ai4 haec geruntur1 'this is going on4' #bj4 horribil4 ,here the adjective is made emphatic by being put before its noun2 in #d1 #ad the same effect is gained by putting horribil last in its clause4 #bb4 omnibus1 dative of indirect object after the compound verb 7iniaci74 ,translate 'inspired in all1' but the literal meaning is 'threw into all4' #bf4 induit4 ,see the note on #c1 #ac4 era4 ,see the note on #d1 #aa4 #f4 #b4 su1 ius4 ,distinguish carefully between these words4 ,suus is used of something belonging to the subject1 ius of something belonging to some other person or thing just mentioned4 #e4 volat4 ,see the note on #d1 #be4 #g4 sustulit4 ,notice that the perfect forms of toll are the same as those of suffer 7sub fer71 'endure4' #h4 neque1 here to be translated 'and 444 not4' ,neque is thus used regularly for et nn4 #ac4 exanimta1 used here as a predicate adjective4 #af4 rettulit4 ',to give thanks' or 'thank' is usually grtis agere1 as in #c1 #ai2 grtiam referre means 'to show one's gratitude1' 'to recompense' or 'requite4' #ah4 dxit4 ,this word came to mean 'marry1' because the bridegroom 'led' his bride in a wedding procession to his own home4 ,it will be seen1 therefore1 that it can be used only of the man4 ,paucs anns4 ,see the note on #c1 #bj4 #bj4 omns4 ,what does the quantity of the i tell you about the form8 #g4 #a4 quod1 not the relative pronoun1 but a conjunction4 #c4 e1 the adverb4 in trium4 ,although inrpit means 'burst into1' the preposition is nevertheless required with the noun to express the place into which he burst4 #f4 ille4 ,see the note on ,perseus1 #d1 #d4 #h4 ,acris4 ,in ,nepos1 ,caesar1 ,cicero1 and ,vergil1 the genitive singular of second-declension nouns in -ius and -ium ends in 1 not i2 but the nominative plural ends in i1 and the dative and ablative plural in is4 #aj4 istud4 ,remember that iste is commonly used of something connected with the person addressed4 ,here the meaning may be 'that oracle ,i told you of4' ,see #c1 #d4 #ab4 ,lrsam4 ,see the note on #c1 #ab4 neque enim1 'for 444 not1' as if simply nn enim1 but ,latin uses neque to connect the clauses4 #ad4 in omns parts1 'in all directions' or 'in every direction4' #ae4 ,mult4 ,see the note on omnium1 #e1 #f4 #ag4 discrum4 ,the discus was a round1 flat piece of stone or metal1 and the athletes tried to see who could throw it farthest4 #ah4 cs4 ,this is one of the ablatives of manner that do not take cum4 #ai4 stbat4 ,notice the tense4 ,,hercules #i4 #b4 omnium hominum4 ,this means 'all men' in the sense of 'all mankind4' #c4 derat4 d is perfect in form1 but present in meaning2 and the pluperfect has in like manner the force of an imperfect4 #e4 medi nocte1 'in the middle of the night1' 'in the dead of night4' #g4 ,nec tamen1 'not 444 however4' ,see the note on neque enim1 #g1 #ab4 #h4 movbant4 ,contrast this tense with appropinquverant and excitt sunt4 #ac4 ,tl mod hc mod1 #d1 #bj4 #bj4 puer1 'from a boy1' 'from boyhood4' exercbat1 the imperfect of customary action1 as is also cnsmbat4 #bd4 autem4 ,see the note on #e1 #h4 #be4 art1 dative of indirect object with the intransitive verb studbat4 #aj4 #b4 omnibus vribus1 'with all his might1' ablative of manner4 #c4 vt4 ,notice that the preposition denoting separation appears both with the noun and in the verb4 ,compare in trium inrpit1 #g1 #c4 #d4 neque quisquam1 'and not any one1' i4e4 'and no one4' ,quisquam is used chiefly in negative sentences4 #e4 voluit1 'was willing4' #g4 facit4 ,see the note on #d1 #be4 #h4 nmine4 ,see the note on #e1 #h4 #i4 vir crdlissimus1 not 'cruelest man1' but 'most cruel man4' ,the superlative is often thus used to denote simply a high degree of the quality4 cnsuverat4 ,inceptive verbs end in sc and denote the beginning of an action or state4 ,the perfect and pluperfect of such verbs often represent the state of things resulting from the completion of the action1 and are then to be translated as present and imperfect respectively4 ,so cnsusc ',i am becoming accustomed1' cnsuv ',i have become accustomed' or 'am accustomed1' cnsuveram ',i had become accustomed' or 'was accustomed4' #aa4 sacrifici1 'for the sacrifice1' dative of purpose4 ea4 ,why is dis feminine here8 ,see the note on certam1 #e1 #ac4 #ab4 omnia4 ,see the note on #e1 #ac4 #ae4 capitibus1 dative of indirect object after the compound verb 7in pn74 #af4 iam4 ,the omission of the conjunction that would naturally join this clause with the preceding1 and the repetition of iam1 which thus in a way connects the two clauses1 reflect the imminence of the danger and heighten our anxiety for the hero4 ,observe too how the tenses of the verbs contribute to the vividness of the picture4 ,we see ,hercules at the altar and the priest1 knife in hand1 about to give the fatal blow4 #ah4 alter4 ,supply ct4 #ai4 ,thbs1 locative case4 ,notice that some names of towns are plural in form4 #ba4 ,thbns1 dative with the adjective fnitim4 autem1 'now4' #bb4 ,thbs4 ,names of towns are used without a preposition to express the place to which4 #bc4 venibant1 postulbant1 imperfect of customary action4 #be4 cvs sus1 'his fellow-citizens4' ,compare #e1 #aj4 hc stpendi1 ablative of separation4 #bg4 atque4 ,this conjunction adds an important statement by way of supplement4 ,here the meaning is something like 'and not only that1 but4' #aa4 #aa4 conversa4 ,est and sunt are frequently not expressed with the perfect participle4 #ag4 sus ipse su4 ,notice how the enormity of the crime is emphasized by the use of all these words repeating the same idea4 #bc4 rculum ,delphicum4 ,see the note on #e1 #f4 hc rculum omnium hc omnium rculrum4 #be4 ,hc in templ4 ,monosyllabic prepositions often stand between the noun and an adjective modifying it4 #ab4 #a4 qu4 ,remember that the relative pronoun agrees in gender1 number1 and person with its antecedent2 that its case depends upon its use4 ,how are the person and number of qu shown8 #b4 hominibus4 ,see the note on #i1 #b4 #d4 neque4 ,see the note on #f1 #h4 #g4 ,tryntha4 ,this is a ,greek accusative form4 ,see the note on era1 #d1 #aa4 #aj4 ,duodecim anns1 accusative of duration of time4 #aa4 ,eurysthe4 ,the ,english verb 'serve' is transitive1 but servi 7'be subject to'7 is intransitive and takes an indirect object4 #ad4 quae4 ,see the note on line #a4 ,what is the case of quae8 #af4 ,prmum is chiefly used in enumeration1 prm 7line #f7 in contrasting an action or state with one that follows it4 #ai4 scum4 ,the preposition cum follows and is joined to the reflexive and personal pronouns1 usually also to the relative pronoun4 #bb4 neque enim4 ,see the note on #g1 #ab4 #bf4 resprand1 the genitive of the gerund4 ,it modifies facults4 ,the gerund corresponds to the ,english verbal noun in -ing4 #ac4 #e4 ,hc4 ,we might expect haec referring to ,hydram1 but a demonstrative pronoun is commonly attracted into the gender of the predicate noun 7here mnstrum74 cui erant1 'which had1' literally 'to which there were4' ,this construction is found only with sum4 ,it is called the dative of possession4 #h4 rs4 ,in rendering this word choose always with great freedom the most suitable ,english word4 #ac4 #h4 mgn percul4 ,we say 'one of great danger4' #i4 ius4 ,what possessive would be used to modify sinistr8 #aa4 hc cnt1 ablative of separation4 #ad4 comprehendrunt4 ,see the note on #c1 #ac4 unde ex quibus4 #af4 auxili ,hydrae1 'to the aid of the ,hydra1' but literally for aid 7i4e4 as aid7 to the ,hydra1' for ,hydrae is dative4 ,this is called the double dative construction1 auxili the dative of purpose1 and ,hydrae the dative of reference1 i4e4 the dative denoting the person interested4 #ag4 abscdit4 ,see the note on #d1 #be4 mordbat1 'kept biting1' the imperfect of repeated action4 #ah4 tl mod4 ,see the note on #i1 #ac4 interfcit4 ,we have now had several verbs meaning 'kill4' ,interfici is the most general of these2 nec 7line #d7 is used of killing by unusual or cruel means1 as by poison2 occd 7#ab1 #bc7 is most commonly used of the 'cutting down' of an enemy in battle4 #ai4 reddidit1 as well as imbuit1 has sagitts for its object1 but we must translate as if we had es with reddidit4 #bb4 ad s4 ,compare this construction with the use of the dative in #d1 #b4 ,notice that s does not refer to ,herculem1 the subject of referre1 but to ,eurystheus1 the subject of ,iussit4 ,when the reflexive thus refers to the subject of the principal verb rather than to the subject of the subordinate verb with which it s directly connected1 it is called indirect4 #bc4 tantae audciae4 ,the genitive of description1 like the ablative of description1 consists always of a noun with some modifying word4 ,compare speci horribil1 #d1 #ad4 autem4 ,compare #e1 #h and #aj1 #ba4 #bd4 incrdibil celeritte1 ablative of description4 #be4 vestgis1 ablative of means4 #bf4 ipsum1 contrasts cervum with vestgis4 #bg4 omnibus vribus4 ,see the note on #aj1 #b4 #ad4 #a4 currbat1 'he kept running4' sibi1 dative of reference4 ,it need not be translated1 ad quitem1 'for rest4' ,purpose is frequently thus expressed by ad4 #c4 cucurrerat4 ,the pluperfect is sometimes used with postquam when the lapse of time is denoted4 #d4 curs1 ablative of cause4 exanimtum qu exanimtus erat4 ,the participle is often equivalent to a relative clause4 #e4 rettulit4 ,see the note on #ac1 #ai4 #h4 rem4 ,see the note on rs1 #ac1 #h4 #aj4 apr1 dative of indirect object after the compound verb 7ob curr74 #aa4 tmre perterritus4 ,it is not necessary to translate both words4 #ac4 inicit1 i4e4 upon the boar4 summ cum difficultte4 ,compare this with omnibus vribus1 #ac1 #bg1 and notice that cum may be omitted with the ablative of manner when there is an adjective4 ,for the position of cum1 see the note on #aa1 #be4 #ae4 ad ,eurystheum4 ,we are told elsewhere that ,eurystheus was so frightened when he saw the boar that he hid in a cask4 vvus4 ,why have we the nominative here1 but the accusative 7vvum7 in line #e8 #ag4 quart4 ,the capture of the ,erymanthian boar is usually given as the third labor and the capture of the ,cerynean stag as the fourth4 nrrvimus4 ,the writer sometimes uses the first person plural in speaking of himself1 instead of the first person singular4 ,this is called the plural of modesty1 and is the same as the ,english usage4 #ah4 in ,arcadiam4 ,how does this differ in meaning from in ,arcadi8 #bj4 appeteret4 ,the subjunctive introduced by cum1 'since1' may express the reason for the action of the main verb4 #bc4 ,herculs4 ,see the note on ,perseus1 #d1 #d4 #bf4 quod1 conjunction1 not pronoun4 reliqus centaurs1 'the rest of the centaurs1' 'the other centaurs4' ,compare medi nocte1 #i1 #e4 ,notice that reliqu means about the same as cter1 and see the note on #d1 #ac4 #bh4 inquit1 historical present4 ,this verb is used parenthetically with direct quotations4 #ae4 #a4 dab4 ,notice that ,latin is more exact than ,english in the use of the future tense in subordinate clauses4 ,in ,english we often use the present in the subordinate clause and leave it to the principal verb to show that the time is future4 #g4 pervnrunt4 ,see the note on #d1 #bf4 #aj4 cnstitit1 from cnsist1 not cnst4 #af4 fug4 ,latin says 'by flight1' not 'in flight4' #ag4 ex splunc4 ,see the note on #aj1 #c4 #ba4 locum1 the direct object of ,adiit1 which is here transitive4 ,we might also have ad locum with ade used intransitively4 #af4 #d4 ,hercul4 ,see the note on #aj1 #ae4 labrem4 ,this labor is usually given as the sixth1 the destruction of the ,stymphalian birds as the fifth4 #f4 tria mlia boum1 'three thousand cattle1' literally 'three thousands of cattle4' ,the partitive genitive is the regular construction with the plural mlia1 but the singular mlle is commonly used as an adjective1 like ,english 'thousand4' ,thus 'one thousand cattle' would be mlle bovs4 #g4 ingents mgnitdinis4 ,see the note on tantae audciae1 #ac1 #bc4 #h4 neque enim umquam1 'for 444 never4' ,see the note on neque enim1 #g1 #ab4 #aa4 multae operae4 ,see the note on mgn percul1 #ac1 #h4 #ab4 duodvgint pedum1 i4e4 in width4 dxit4 ,this word is used with reference to the progress of work on a wall or ditch from one end of it to the other4 #ae4 opus4 ,compare this word with operae and labre1 line #ab4 ,labor is used of heavy or exhausting labor1 opera of voluntary exertion or effort1 opus of that upon which one labors or of the completed work4 #ag4 imperverat4 ,this verb takes an indirect object to express the person ordered 7e74 ,the action commanded is expressed by the subjunctive in a clause introduced by ut and used as the object of imper 7ut necret74 ,notice that this may be translated 'that he should kill' or 'to kill4' ,compare now the construction with iube1 #ac1 #bb1 with which the command is expressed by the accusative and infinitive 7,herculem referre74 #ai4 carne4 ,vscor is an intransitive verb and governs the ablative4 #bb4 appropinquand4 ,see the note on #ab1 #bf4 #bc4 cnstitit1 from cnst4 ,compare #ae1 #aj4 pedibus1 'on foot1' literally 'by his feet4' #be4 consmpsisset4 ,the imperfect and pluperfect tenses of the subjunctive are used with cum1 'when1' to describe the circumstances of the action of the main verb4 ,compare #ad1 #bj1 and the note4 #bf4 hc cnt4 ,see the note on #ac1 #aa4 #bg4 peteret4 ,the subjunctive is used with ut to express purpose4 ,the best translation is usually the infinitive 7'to ask'71 but the ,latin infinitive is not used in model prose to express purpose4 #ag4 #c4 volrent4 ,this is not subjunctive of purpose1 but of result1 as is indicated by tam4 #f4 ex4 ,compare this with ab1 #af1 #ba1 and d1 #af1 #ac4 ,we commonly translate all of these 'from1' but the real meanings are 'out of1' 'away from1' and 'down from' respectively4 ,crt4 ,see the note on #c1 #ab4 #g4 esset4 ,see the note on #ad1 #bj4 #h4 nsulae1 dative with the compound verb 7ad propinqu74 appropinquret4 ,see the note on #af1 #be4 #i4 tanta 444 ut4 ,notice how frequently the clause of result is connected with a demonstrative word in the main clause4 #ab4 nvigand impertus1 'ignorant of navigation1' 'inexperienced in sailing4' ,see the note on #ab1 #bf4 #ba4 cum1 the conjunction4 ingent labre4 ,see the note on summ cum difficultte1 #ad1 #ac4 #be4 ut redceret4 ,see the note on #af1 #bg4 #bf4 carne4 ,see the note on #af1 #ai4 vscbantur1 imperfect of customary action4 #ah4 #c4 ut trderentur4 ,notice that postul1 like imper1 takes an object-clause introduced by ut and having its verb in the subjunctive4 sibi1 the indirect reflexive4 ,see the note on #ac1 #bb4 #d4 r 444 interfcit1 'became furiously angry and killed the king1' literally 'moved by wrath killed the king4' ,the participle is frequently best rendered by a finite verb4 #ah4 #d4 cadver4 ,the subject of an infinitive stands in the accusative case4 ,we might translate here 'and gave orders that his body should be thrown4' ,see the note on #af1 #ag4 #f4 mra rrum commtti4 ,when a noun has both an adjective and a genitive modifier1 this order of the words is common4 #g4 cum crucit1 ablative of manner4 necverat4 ,see the note on interfcit1 #ac1 #ah4 #aj4 referbant4 ,see the note on #f1 #af4 modo4 ,this is the adverb1 not a case of modus1 the dative and ablative singular of which would be mod4 ,make a practice of carefully observing the quantity of vowels4 #aa4 rbant4 ,notice that this verb1 like imper and postul1 takes ut and the subjunctive4 #ad4 ad nvigandum4 ,see the note on ad quitem1 #ad1 #a4 #af4 post1 here an adverb of time4 #ah4 dcitur4 ,notice that the ,latin construction is personal 7'the nation is said to have consisted'71 while ,english commonly has the impersonal construction 7'it is said that the nation consisted'74 #ai4 re mlitris1 'the art of war4' #be4 mandvit4 ,see the note on #af1 #ag4 #bf4 ,amzonibus1 dative after the compound verb4 #ai4 #a4 persusit4 ,notice that this verb governs the same construction that we have already found used with imper and mand4 #b4 scum4 ,see the note on #ab1 #ai4 #e4 appulit4 ,supply nvem4 #f4 docret4 ,a clause of purpose is frequently introduced by a relative4 ,translate like the ut-clause of purpose1 here 'to make known1' literally 'who was to make known4' #ad4 mgn intervll1 ablative of degree of difference4 #af4 nn mgna4 ,the effect of the position of these words may be reproduced by translating 'but not a large one4' neutr4 ,the plural is used because the reference is to two parties1 each composed of several individuals4 ',neither' of two individuals would be neuter4 #ag4 volbant1 dedit4 ,consider the tenses4 ,each army waited for some time for the other to cross2 finally ,hercules gave the signal4 #bb4 occderint4 ,the perfect subjunctive is sometimes used in result clauses after a past tense in the principal clause4 ,this is contrary to the general principle of the sequence of tenses1 which requires the imperfect or pluperfect subjunctive after a past tense1 the present or perfect subjunctive after a present or future tense4 #bc4 ,vir4 ,compare this with hominibus1 #ab1 #b4 #bd4 praestbant4 ,compare the tense with praestitrunt1 line #ba4 #bg4 neu4 ,as neque or nec is used for 'and not1' so nve or neu for 'and that not' in an object-clause or a clause of purpose4 #bj4 #a4 quibus1 'and by these1' ,the relative is much used in ,latin to connect a new sentence with the one preceding4 ,when so used1 it is generally best rendered by 'and' or 'but' and a demonstrative or personal pronoun4 ita 444 ut4 ,see the note on #ag1 #i4 #b4 essent1 most easily explained as the subjunctive of attraction4 ,by this is meant that the verb is attracted into the mood of the clause upon which it depends4 #d4 pgntum est1 'the battle raged' or 'they fought1' literally 'it was fought1' ,intransitive verbs are often thus used impersonally in the passive1 with the subject implied in the verb itself1 as pgntum est pgna pgnta est4 #aa4 aesttis1 partitive genitive4 ,notice that multum is used as a noun4 #ac4 nactus4 ,the perfect active participle is wanting in ,latin1 but the perfect participle of deponent verbs is active in meaning4 #bd4 speci horribil4 ,see the note on #d1 #ad4 #bf4 timre perterrit4 ,see the note on #ad1 #aa4 continbantur1 'kept themselves shut up4' ,this is the so-called reflexive use of the passive1 in which the subject is represented as acting upon itself4 pecora4 ,this word is used of herds of cattle1 pecuds 7line #be7 of single animals1 especially sheep4 #bh4 commtus cnsuluit4 ,see the note on #ah1 #d4 #ba4 #c4 lberret4 ,see the note on #af1 #bg4 rcul4 ,notice that prre is intransitive and has the dative of indirect object1 while 'obey' is transitive4 ,it may help to understand the ,latin construction if you translate such verbs as pre by intransitives1 here 'to submit to4' #d4 sacrifici4 ,see the note on #aj1 #aa4 #e4 ips temporis punct qu1 'at the very moment when4' #h4 gressus4 ,see the note on #bj1 #ac4 d rbus 444 factus est1 'was informed of the state of things1' literally 'was made more certain about the things which were being done4' ,in what gender1 number1 person1 and case is quae8 ,give a reason for each4 #aa4 posset4 ,the subjunctive is used because the words of the king are quoted indirectly4 ,he said s potes1 'if you can4' #ai4 ,ipse4 ,notice the use of this word in contrasts1 frequently1 as here1 of a person with that which belongs to him or with his subordinates4 #bj4 inter s1 'to one another4' #bb4 esset1 subjunctive in an indirect question4 ,the direct form would be ,quantum perculum est8 7',how great is the danger8'74 mults terrs1 just as we say 'many lands1' #bc4 ,eurpae4 ,compare ,thbns1 #aj1 #ba4 #bd4 in utrque ltore1 'on each shore1' 'on both shores4' #be4 columns4 ,the ancients believed that the ,rock of ,gibraltar was the pillar set up by ,hercules on the ,european side4 #bb4 #d4 tantum1 an adverb4 #e4 dederit4 ,see the note on #ai1 #bb4 #i4 qu in loc4 ,see the note on #aa1 #be4 essent4 ,see the note on #ba1 #bb4 #aj4 sibi1 the indirect reflexive4 #ab4 et 444 et1 'both 444 and4' #ah4 prgred1 'from proceeding4' #ai4 prohibbant1 'attempted to prevent1' imperfect of attempted action4 ,notice that the use of the imperfect to express customary1 repeated1 or attempted action follows naturally from its use to denote action going on in past time4 ,the present1 the tense which denotes action going on in present time1 has the same special uses4 #bj4 barbar4 ,this word was used by the ,greeks of all other peoples2 by the ,romans it was used of all but the ,greeks and themselves4 #bd4 cecidrunt4 ,let the quantity of the i tell you whether this comes from cad or caed4 ,is occderint a compound of cad or caed8 #be4 in tlibus rbus1 i4e4 when a god intervenes in behalf of his favorite4 #bf4 nihil incommod1 'no harm1' literally 'nothing of harm'2 incommod is partitive genitive4 #bc4 #b4 quam celerrim1 'as rapidly as possible4' ,quam with the superlative expresses the highest possible degree4 #c4 ,necesse1 predicate adjective with erat1 the subject being hs trnsre4 #e4 citerire4 ,the ,romans called upper ,italy ,gallia ,citerior1 ',hither ,gaul1' because it was occupied by ,gallic tribes4 #f4 perenn4 ,learn the derivation of this word4 ,the meaning of a word may often be seen most easily and remembered most surely by noticing its derivation1 tct1 used as predicate adjective4 #i4 cpiam4 ,notice carefully the meaning of this word4 ,in what sense have we found the plural cpiae used8 #aj4 rbus1 'preparations4' ,see the note on rs1 #ac1 #h4 cnsmpserat4 ,see the note on #ad1 #c4 #aa4 omnium opninem4 ,hitherto we have had opninem omnium1 but here omnium is made emphatic by being placed first4 #ae4 itinere1 ablative of cause4 fessus1 'since he was weary4' ,notice that a ,latin adjective or participle must often be expanded into a clause in the translation4 #af4 ,haud nn4 ,it modifies a single word1 usually an adjective or adverb4 #ai4 modo4 ,see the note on #ah1 #aj4 ingent mgnitdine4 ,compare ingentis mgnitdinis1 #af1 #g4 #bc4 boum4 ,learn the declension of this word from the vocabulary4 #bd4 n4 ,a negative clause of purpose is introduced by n4 #bd4 #b4 omnibus locs4 ,locus modified by an adjective is often used without in in the ablative of place4 #c4 nsquam4 ,we say 'could not find anywhere1' but ,latin prefers to combine the negative with another word4 #f4 reliqus4 ,see the note on reliqus centaurs1 #ad1 #bf4 #g4 bbus4 ,compare boum1 #bc1 #bc4 ,with nus the ablative with ex or d is commonly used instead of the partitive genitive4 #af4 neque quicquam4 ,see the note on #aj1 #d4 #ba4 mre su1 'according to his custom4' turbtus1 'was confused 444 and4' ,see the note on ra 444 interfcit1 #ah1 #d4 #bb4 in4 ,see the note on in trium1 #g1 #c4 #be4 resprand4 ,see the note on #ab1 #bf4 #be4 #b4 quam qus1 for quam es qus4 #aa4 cui4 ,see the note on cui erant1 #ac1 #e4 #ab4 ,hercul imperverat1 'had enjoined upon ,hercules4' #ag4 ,eurysthe4 ,see the note on rcul1 #ba1 #c4 #ai4 quaesverat4 ,with this verb the person of whom the question is asked is expressed in the ablative with ab1 d1 or ex4 #bc4 orbis terrrum1 'of the world1' literally 'of the circle of lands4' #bf4 umers sus1 ablative of means1 but we say 'on his shoulders4' n4 ,see the note on #bc1 #bd4 dcideret4 ,notice the force of the prefix d4 #bg4 mrtus1 'wondering at4' ,the perfect participle of deponent verbs is often best rendered into ,english by a present participle4 #bf4 #c4 ,hercul1 dative with prdesse4 ille4 ,see the note on ,perseus1 #d1 #d4 #d4 cert1 the adverb4 #f4 vnisset4 ,what would the form be in the direct question8 inquit4 ,see the note on #ad1 #bh4 #g4 flibus4 ,to avoid confusion with the corresponding forms of deus and flius1 the dative and ablative plural of dea and flia sometimes end in bus4 sponte4 ,this noun is practically confined to the ablative singular1 in prose usually with me1 tu1 or su1 'of my1 your1 his own accord4' #i4 posset1 subjunctive because indirect4 ,the thought of ,hercules was s potest4 #aa4 abesset4 ,this also is indirect1 quoting absum4 #ab4 umers4 ,see the note on #be1 #bf4 #ag4 pauca mlia4 ,extent of space1 like duration of time1 is expressed by the accusative1 passuum4 ,see the note on #af1 #f4 #ba4 ita ut1 'as' accpissent4 ,hitherto we have found the indicative in causal clauses introduced by quod4 ,the subjunctive indicates that the reason is quoted2 the ,hesperides said quod accpimus4 #bh4 grtis git4 ,see the note on #f1 #af4 #bg4 #b4 labribus4 ,see the note on #bd1 #g4 #c4 ,hercul praecperat ,hercul imperverat1 #be1 #ab4 #e4 posset1 subjunctive because it quotes the thought of ,eurystheus1 poterit4 #f4 ut 444 traheret4 ,this clause is not itself the object of dedit1 but in apposition with the object 7,negtium74 #g4 omnium1 partitive genitive4 #aa4 nrrmus4 ,the present is sometimes used with antequam to express future action1 as in ,english with 'before4' ,see the note on #ae1 #a4 alinum1 predicate adjective1 the subject of vidtur being pauca 444 prpnere4 ,in the passive vide may mean 'be seen1' but it usually means 'seem4' #ac4 qui dem1 'which also1' literally 'which the same4' #ad4 ,ut1 'when4' #ae4 ddcbantur1 customary action4 #ai4 ,stygis flminis4 ,we say 'river ,styx1' but ',mississippi ,river4' qu1 ablative of means4 #bj4 necesse4 ,see the note on #bc1 #c4 possent4 ,the subjunctive is used with antequam to denote that the action is expected or intended4 #ba4 in4 ,we say 'over4' #be4 prius4 ,notice that ,latin is here more exact than ,english1 using the comparative because only two actions are spoken of4 dedisset1 subjunctive because indirect4 ,charon said nisi dederis 7future perfect71 nn trnsveham1 'unless you first give 7shall have given71 ,i will not carry you across4' #bh4 #a4 mortu1 used as a noun1 'of the dead man4' e cnsili1 'with this purpose1' 'to this end4' ,the clause ut 444 posset is in apposition with cnsili4 #f4 ,ut4 ,compare #bg1 #ad4 #h4 quod cum fcissent1 'and when they had done this4' ,see the note on quibus1 #bj1 #a4 #ac4 ,stbant1 'there stood4' ,what is its subject8 #ae4 mortus1 dative of indirect object4 et4 ,notice that ambiguity is avoided by a change of conjunctions1 et connecting the clauses and -que connecting praemia and poens4 ,of these connectives1 et connects two ideas that are independent of each other and of equal importance2 -que denotes a close connection1 often of two words that together express a single idea2 while ac or atque 7see line #ah7 adds something of greater importance4 #ah4 et4 ,mult is often joined by et to another adjective modifying the same noun4 #bd4 ex4 ,compare #be1 #ah4 #bg4 s socis1 direct object and predicate accusative respectively4 #bi4 #c4 n4 ,after verbs of fearing n must be rendered 'that1' ut1 'that not4' ,notice1 however1 that the negative idea is as clearly present here as in the other clauses introduced by n that we have met1 for ,charon wishes that the thing may not happen4 #ac4 fcisset1 indirect for fceris4 #ah4 refgerit4 ,see the note on #ai1 #bb4 #bc4 quae cum ita essent1 'and this being the case1' 'and so1' literally 'since which things were so4' #bd4 lbertus4 ,see the note on r 444 interfcit1 #ah1 #d4 #be4 quae1 object of perscrbere1 which is the subject of est2 longum is predicate adjective4 #bf4 est4 ,we say 'would be4' aette1 ablative of specification4 ,translate 'when he was now advanced in age' 7i4e4 'late in life'71 and see the note on fessus1 #bc1 #ae4 #cj4 #a4 accidit4 ,this is one of several impersonal verbs which take for their subject a clause of result 7ut 444 occderit74 #c4 ut 444 ret1 a clause of result2 used as the subject of esset1 ms being predicate4 quis4 ,after s1 nisi1 n1 and num1 this is not the interrogative1 but an indefinite pronoun 7'any one'71 occdisset1 indirect for occderit1 which would be the form used in the laws2 or it may be explained as subjunctive by attraction to ret4 #g4 trnseant1 not 'they are crossing1' but 'they are to cross4' ,the direct form would be trnsemus 7',how in the world are we to get across8'71 subjunctive because the question expresses doubt4 ,this is called the deliberative subjunctive4 #aj4 prgressus1 'after advancing4' #aa4 revertbtur4 ,this verb is deponent in the present1 imperfect1 and future4 #af4 hum1 locative1 'on the ground4' n4 ,see the note on #bc1 #bd4 su ulcscend1 'of avenging himself4' ,this is called the gerundive construction4 ,it is regularly used instead of the gerund when the gerund would have an accusative object 7s ulcscend74 ,notice that the gerund is a verbal noun2 the gerundive a verbal adjective1 agreeing with its noun like any other adjective4 #ag4 morientis1 'of a dying man4' ,compare mortu1 #bh1 #a4 #ah4 vs1 from vol4 #bj4 s 444 vnerit1 'if you ever suspect him4' ,what is the literal meaning8 ,notice that we use the present1 while ,latin by the use of the future perfect indicates that the action is to precede that of the main clause4 #ba4 inficis4 ,the future indicative is sometimes used1 as in ,english1 for the imperative4 #bb4 nihil mal4 ,see the note on #bb1 #bf4 suspicta4 ,see the note on #be1 #bg4 #be4 ,ioln1 fliam1 captvam1 direct object1 appositive1 and predicate accusative respectively4 #bf4 domum4 ,see the note on ad domum1 #c1 #ae4 #ca4 #a4 referret4 ,see the note on #ai1 #f4 #b4 facerent1 subjunctive by attraction4 ,the verb of a clause dependent upon an infinitive is put in the subjunctive when the two clauses are closely connected in thought4 ,we have already met this construction in the case of dependence upon a subjunctive2 see the note on #bj1 #b4 gerere4 ,compare #cj1 #c4 ,such phrases as ms est may have as subject either an infinitive or a clause of result4 #c4 verita4 ,this participle is regularly rendered as present1 n4 ,see the note on #bi1 #c4 #d4 vestem4 ,notice that the position of this word helps to make it clear that it is the object of nfcit as well as of dedit4 #e4 suspicns4 ,this does not differ appreciably in force from suspicta1 #cj1 #bb4 #h4 exanimtus1 'beside himself4' #ad4 succenderent4 ,notice the force of the prefix sub in this word and in subdidit below4 #ae4 inductus1 'moved4' ,,the ,,argonauts #cc4 #a4 alter 444 alter1 'one 444 the other4' ,remember that this word is used to denote one of two given persons or things4 ,we have in this passage an instance of the chiastic order1 in which variety and emphasis are gained by reversing the position of the words in the second of two similar expressions4 ,here the two names are brought together by this device4 #c4 rgn1 objective genitive1 i4e4 a genitive used to denote the object of the feeling cupiditte4 #f4 ex amcs4 ,qudam1 like nus1 commonly has ex or d and the ablative1 instead of the partitive genitive4 #aj4 puerum mortuum esse1 'that the boy was dead1' literally 'the boy to be dead4' ,this is indirect for ,puer mortuus est1 ',the boy is dead4' ,notice carefully what changes ,latin makes in quoting such a statement indirectly1 and what the changes are in ,english4 ,we have already met two constructions of indirect discourse1 the subjunctive in indirect questions1 and the subjunctive in informal indirect discourse4 ,by the latter is meant a subordinate clause which1 though not forming part of a formal quotation1 has the subjunctive to show that not the speaker or writer but some other person is responsible for the idea it expresses 7see the notes on dedisset1 #bg1 #be1 and occdisset4 #cj1 #c74 ,in indirect discourse1 then1 a statement depending upon a verb of saying1 thinking1 knowing1 perceiving1 or the like has its verb in the infinitive with the subject in the accusative2 a command or question has its verb in the subjunctive2 and any clause modifying such a statement1 command1 or question has its verb in the subjunctive4 #cc4 #ac4 intellegerent4 ,see the note on #ad1 #bj4 #ad4 nesci quam fbulam1 'some story or other4' ,notice that nesci with the interrogative pronoun is equivalent to an indefinite pronoun4 #ai4 rculum4 ,read again the description beginning at the bottom of page #aa4 #ba4 quis4 ,see the note on #cj1 #c4 ,post paucs anns1 'a few years later1' literally 'later by a few years4' ,post is here an adverb1 and paucs anns ablative of degree of difference4 ,the expression is equivalent to post paucs anns4 #bb4 accidit4 ,see the note on #cj1 #a4 factrus1 'intending to make4' ,the future participle with a form of sum is used to express an intended or future action4 ,this is called the active periphrastic conjugation4 #bc4 certam4 ,see the note on #e1 #ac4 #bd4 ,di cnstitt1 ablative of time4 #bf4 pueriti4 ,compare puer1 #i1 #bj4 #cd4 #b4 trnseund flmine4 ,see the note on su ulcscend1 #cj1 #af4 nesci qu4 ,see the note on #cc4 #ad4 #d4 n pede nd1 'with one foot bare1' the ablative absolute4 ,this construction consists of two parts1 a noun1 or pronoun corresponding to the subject of a clause1 and a participle corresponding to the verb of a clause4 ,a predicate noun or adjective may take the place of the participle4 ,in the latter case the use of the participle 'being' will show the two parts in the relation of subject and predicate1 'one foot being bare4' #cd4f4 dmnstrvisset1 subjunctive because subordinate in indirect discourse4 ,see the note on #cc1 #aj4 ,pelias thought1 ,hc est hom quem rculum dmnstrvit4 #i4 vellus aureum4 ,phrixus and his sister ,helle were about to be put to death1 when they were rescued by a ram with fleece of gold1 who carried them off through the air4 ,helle fell from the ram's back into the strait that separates ,europe and ,asia1 called after her the ,hellespont1 ',helle's sea1' and known to us as the ,dardanelles4 ,phrixus came safely to ,colchis1 and here he sacrificed the ram and gave the fleece to ,aeetes4 ,read ,mr4 ,d4,o4,s4 ,lowell's ,jason's ,quest4 #aa4 ut 444 potrtur4 ,see the note on #bg1 #f4 hc vellere4 ,potior takes the same construction as vscor1 for which see the note on #af1 #ai4 #af4 iter1 accusative of extent4 #bj4 su1 dative of purpose4 ,we say 'of use' or 'useful4' #bd4 oper dative after the compound with prae4 ,notice that not all verbs compounded with prepositions govern the dative4 ,many compounds of ad1 ante1 com 7for cum71 in1 inter1 ob1 post1 prae1 pr1 sub1 and super do have the dative1 and some compounds of circum4 ,you will find it profitable to keep a list of all such compound verbs governing the dative that you meet in your reading4 #be4 n 444 quidem1 'not 444 even4' ,the word emphasized must stand between n and quidem4 ad labrem4 ,see the note on ad quitem1 #ad1 #a4 #bf4 ,ad multitdinem trnsportandam1 used like ad labrem4 ,the gerundive in this use is very common4 #bg4 quibus4 ,the antecedent eae is not expressed4 ,notice that tor governs the same case as vscor and potior4 ,two other deponent verbs1 not found in this book1 take this construction1 namely fruor1 'enjoy1' and fungor1 'perform4' nostr mar1 i4e4 the ,mediterranean4 cnsuvimus4 ,see the note on cnsuverat1 #aj1 #i4 #ce4 #h4 citharoedum4 ,it was said that ,orpheus made such sweet music on his golden harp that wild beasts1 trees1 and rocks followed him as he moved4 ,by his playing he even prevailed upon ,pluto to give back his dead wife ,eurydice4 ,thseum1 a mythical hero1 whose exploits resemble and rival those of ,hercules4 ,the most famous of them was the killing of the ,minotaur4 ,theseus was the national hero of ,athens4 ,castorem1 the famous tamer of horses and brother of ,pollux1 the boxer4 ,read ,macaulay's ,lays of ,ancient ,rome1 ,the ,battle of the ,lake ,regillus4 #aj4 qus1 the subject of esse4 ,its antecedent is es1 line #aa4 ,the relative frequently precedes in ,latin1 but the antecedent must be translated first4 #af4 ,argonautae4 ,notice the composition of this word4 #bd4 dicerentur1 part of the result clause4 #bf4 arbitrt4 ,see the note on #be1 #bg4 gred4 ,see the note on #bb1 #ah4 #bg4 pgntum est4 ,see the note on #bj #d4 #cf4 #e4 ,postrdi ius di1 'the next day1' more literally 'on the day following that day4' ,this idea may be expressed by postrdi alone1 and the fuller expression is simply more formal4 #i4 in ancors1 'at anchor4' #aj4 habrent4 ,see the note on #cd1 #f4 #aa4 ex ,argonauts4 ,see the note on #cc1 #f4 #ac4 ,qu1 'he4' ,see the note on quibus1 #bj1 #a4 dum quaerit1 'while looking for4' ,the present indicative with dum is often to be translated by a present participle4 #ae4 vdissent4 ,we say 'saw1' but ,latin makes it plain that the seeing 7and falling in love7 came before the attempt to persuade4 e4 ,keep a list of all intransitive verbs which are used with the dative4 #af4 negret4 ,this verb is commonly used instead of dc when a negative statement follows2 when thus used1 it should be translated by 'say' with the appropriate negative1 here 'said that he would not4' #cg4 #a4 praebuisset1 subjunctive in a subordinate clause of indirect discourse4 #b4 supplic4 ,see the note on #g1 #h4 #f4 accubuerat4 ,the ,romans reclined at table1 supporting themselves on the left arm and taking the food with the right hand4 ,they naturally represented others as eating in the same way4 appositum1 'that had been placed before him4' ,see the note on exanimtum1 #ad1 #d4 #g4 ,qu 444 morertur1 'and so it came to pass that ,phineus was nearly dying of starvation1' literally 'that not much was wanting but that ,phineus would die4' ,ut 444 abesset is a clause of result1 the subject of factum est2 quin 444 morertur is a form of subordinate clause with subjunctive verb used after certain negative expressions2 fam is ablative of cause4 ,notice that fams has a fifth-declension ablative1 but is otherwise of the third declension4 #i4 ,rs male s habbat1 'the situation was desperate4' ,what is the literal meaning8 #ab4 opninem virttis1 'reputation for bravery4' #ac4 qun ferrent4 ,negative expressions of doubt are regularly followed by qun and the subjunctive4 #af4 quant in percul4 ,see the note on #aa1 #be4 suae rs1 'his affairs4' ,see the note on rs1 #ac1 #h4 #ag4 repperissent4 ,phineus used the future perfect indicative4 #bb4 nihil1 used adverbially4 #bc4 era4 ,see the note on #d1 #aa4 #bg4 ,hc fact1 'when this had been accomplished4' ,see the note on #cd1 #d4 ,the ablative absolute is often used instead of a subordinate clause of time1 cause1 condition1 or the like4 #ch4 #a4 referret4 ,see the note on #f1 #af4 #c4 e cnsili4 ,see the note on #bh1 #a4 #d4 n quis1 'that no one4' ',negative clauses of purpose and negative clauses of result may be distinguished by the negative3 n1 n qus1 etc41 for purpose2 ut nn1 ut nm1 etc41 for result4 parv intervll1 'a short distance apart1' ablative absolute4 ,see the note on #cd1 #a4 #e4 in medium spatium1 'between them4' #g4 quid faciendum esset1 'what was to be done4' ,the gerundive is used with sum to denote necessary action4 ,this is called the passive periphrastic conjugation4 #h4 sublts 444 solvit1 'weighed anchor and put to sea4' ,what is the literal translation8 ,the ablative absolute is often best translated by a cordinate verb1 and this requires a change of voice1 for the lack of a perfect active participle in ,latin is the reason for the use of the ablative absolute in such cases4 ,if there were a perfect active participle1 it would stand in the nominative1 modifying the subject1 as we have found the perfect participle of deponent verbs doing4 #aa4 rct 444 spatium1 'straight between them4' #ab4 caud tantum miss1 'having lost only its tail-feathers4' ,notice that we change the voice1 as in line #h1 and that the use of the ablative absolute is resorted to here for the same reason as in that passage4 ,make sure at this point that you know three ways in which the ablative absolute may be translated1 as in this passage1 as in line #h1 and as suggested in the note on #cg1 #bg4 #ad4 concurrerent1 'could rush together4' ,see the note on possent1 #bg1 #bj4 intellegents1 equivalent to cum intellegerent4 #ag4 ds1 the usual form of the dative and ablative plural of deus1 as d of the nominative plural4 qurum1 equivalent to cum erum4 ,a relative clause of cause1 like a cum-clause of cause1 has its verb in the subjunctive4 #bg4 negbat4 ,see the note on #cf1 #af4 #ci4 #a4 trditrum4 ,in infinitives formed with participles esse is often omitted1 prius4 ,see the note on #bg1 #be4 #c4 ,prmum4 ,see the note on #ab1 #af4 #d4 iungend erant4 ,see the note on #ch1 #g4 #h4 re bene gerendae1 'of accomplishing his mission4' ,what is the literal meaning8 #aj4 rem aegr ferbat1 'she was greatly distressed4' ,what is the literal meaning8 #ab4 ,quae 444 essent4 ,see the note on #bi1 #bc4 #ac4 medicnae1 objective genitive4 #ad4 ,medi nocte4 ,see the note on #i1 #e4 nsciente patre1 'without the knowledge of her father1' ablative absolute4 #ae4 vnit4 ,see the note on #c1 #ac4 #ag4 quod 444 cnfrmret1 a relative clause of purpose4 #ai4 essent1 subjunctive in informal indirect discourse1 or by attraction to oblineret4 #bj4 hominibus4 ,see the note on #cd1 #bd4 #ba4 mgnitdine et vribus1 ablative of specification4 #dj4 #b4 nihil valre1 'prevailed not4' #e4 qu in r4 ,see the note on #aa1 #be4 #f4 cnfcerit4 ,see the note on #ai1 #bb4 #h4 qus4 ,see the note on qubus1 #bj1 #a4 #i4 autem4 ,see the note on #e1 #h4 #aj4 essent1 subjunctive by attraction4 #aa4 qudam1 'some4' #af4 ggnerentur1 'should be born4' ,with dum1 'until1' the subjunctive is used of action anticipated1 as with antequam 7see the note on possent1 #bg1 #bj74 #ai4 omnibus agr partibus4 ,see the note on #ah1 #f4 #bj4 mrum in modum mr mod4 #be4 nesci cr1 'for some reason4' ,see the note on #cc1 #ad4 #bh4 nll negti1 'with no trouble1' 'without difficulty4' #da4 #c4 qun tulisset4 ,see the note on #cg1 #ac4 #ae4 quam prmum1 'as soon as possible4' ,see the note on #bc1 #b4 #af4 vectrum4 ,see the note on trditrum1 #ci1 #a4 #ag4 ,postrdi ius di4 ,see the note on #cf1 #e4 #ai4 loc4 ,the antecedent is frequently thus repeated in the relative clause4 #ba4 qu 444 essent1 'to guard the ship4' ,see the note on #ac1 #af4 #bb4 ipse4 ,see the note on #ba1 #ai4 #bg4 qudam4 ,this word may sometimes be rendered by the indefinite article4 #bh4 dmnstrvimus4 ,see the note on nrrvimus1 #ad1 #ag4 #db4 #e4 dormit4 ,see the note on fugit1 #d1 #be4 #ab4 aliqu4 ,learn from the vocabulary the difference between aliqus and aliqu4 mtrandum sibi1 'they ought to hasten1' more literally 'haste ought to be made by them'2 mtrandum 7esse7 is the impersonal passive1 and sibi the so-called dative of the agent4 ,with the gerundive the person who has the thing to do is regularly expressed in the dative4 #af4 mrt4 ,see the note on #be1 #bg4 #bj4 ds4 ,see the note on #ch1 #ag4 #ba4 vnisset4 ,see the note on accpissent1 #bf1 #ba4 #bc4 vigili4 ,the ,romans divided the day from sunrise to sunset into twelve hours 7hrae71 the night from sunset to sunrise into four watches 7vigiliae74 #bd4 neque enim4 ,see the note on #g1 #ab4 #be4 inimc anim1 ablative of description4 #dc4 #b4 hc dolre1 'this anger1' i4e4 'anger at this4' ,nvem longam1 'war-galley1' 'man-of-war4' ,the adjective contrasts the shape of the man-of-war with that of the merchantman4 #d4 fugients1 used as a noun1 'the fugitives4' #f4 qu1 ablative of means4 #g4 qu1 'as1' but in the same construction as edem celeritte4 #h4 ,quo 444 caperentur4 ,see the note on #cg1 #g4 #i4 neque 444 posset1 'for the distance between them was not greater than a javelin could be thrown4' ,what is the literal translation8 ,the clause qu 444 posset denotes result2 the distance was not so great that a javelin could not be thrown from one ship to the other4 #aa4 vdisset4 ,see the note on #cf1 #ae4 #ae4 fugins1 'when she fled4' ,see the note on fessus1 #bc1 #ae4 #ah4 fl4 ,see the note on #g1 #h4 #ai4 ,neque 444 fefellit1 'and ,medea was not mistaken4' ,what is the literal meaning8 #bj4 ubi prmum1 'as soon as1' literally 'when first4' #bd4 prius1 not to be rendered until quam is reached4 ,the two words together mean 'before1' more literally 'earlier than1' 'sooner than1' ,they are sometimes written together 7priusquam74 #be4 nihil 444 esse1 'that it would be of no advantage to him4' #dd4 #e4 pollicitus erat4 ,verbs of promising do not usually take in ,latin the simple present infinitive1 as in ,english1 but the construction of indirect discourse4 #aj4 mihi4 ,the dative of reference is often used in ,latin where we should use a possessive in ,english4 ,translate here as if the word were meus1 modifying dis4 #aa4 ,liceat mihi1 'permit me1' literally 'let it be permitted to me4' ,commands and entreaties in the third person are regularly expressed in the subjunctive4 dum vvam1 'so long as ,i live4' ,the verb with dum 'so long as' is not restricted to the present1 as with dum 'while1' but any tense of the indicative may be used4 ,we have here the future indicative1 or the present subjunctive by attraction4 #ab4 t4 ,the nominative of the personal pronouns is commonly expressed only when emphatic4 ,here the use of the pronoun makes the promise more positive4 #ae4 rem aegr tulit1 'was vexed4' ,compare #ci1 #aj4 #bj4 ,vultisne1 the verb vultis and the enclitic -ne1 which is used to introduce a question1 and is incapable of translation4 ,num 7line #ba7 introduces a question to which a negative answer is expected1 and is likewise not to be translated1 except in so far as its effect is reproduced by the form of the question or the tone of incredulity with which the words are spoken4 #bh4 effervsceret4 ,see the note on #dj1 #af4 #de4 #c4 stupents1 'in amazement4' #e4 ,vs4 ,see the note on #dd1 #ab4 ,vs and ego in the next sentence are contrasted4 #g4 ,quod ubi4 ,see the note on #bh1 #h4 #aj4 necvrunt4 ,see the note on interfcit1 #ac1 #ah4 #ac4 qubus4 ,for the case see the note on qubus1 #cd1 #bg4 #ae4 r vr1 'really4' #ah4 aegr tulrunt1 'were indignant at4' ,compare #ci1 #aj1 and #dd1 #ae4 #bc4 ,creont4 ,see the note on cui erant1 #ac1 #e4 #be4 nntium1 'a notice of divorce4' #bf4 dceret4 ,see the note on dxit1 #f1 #ah4 #bh4 ultram4 ,see the note on #ci1 #a4 #df4 #a4 ,vestem4 ,compare the story of the death of ,hercules1 pp4 #cj1 #ca4 #c4 quis4 ,see the note on #cj1 #c4 induisset1 subjunctive by attraction4 #e4 nihil mal4 ,see the note on #bb1 #bf4 #af4 itaque1 not the adverb itaque1 but the adverb ita and the enclitic conjunction -que4 era4 ,see the note on #d1 #aa4 #ba4 in eam partem1 'to that side4' ,,ulysses #di4 #d4 nsidis4 ,this refers to the story of the wooden horse4 #i4 quem1 subject of excgitsse4 ,the ,english idiom is 'who1 some say1 devised4' ,notice that excgitsse is contracted from excgitvisse4 #aj4 qu1 ablative of means4 #ai4 aliae 444 parts1 'some in one direction and some in another1' but ,latin compresses this into the one clause 'others in other directions4' #bj4 qu4 ,see the note on #dc1 #f4 #bf4 quibusdam1 dative with obviam fact1 'having fallen in with1' 'having met4' #bg4 ,accidit4 ,see the note on #cj1 #a4 #ej4 #b4 gustssent1 contracted from gustvissent4 patriae et socirum4 ,verbs of remembering and forgetting take the genitive or the accusative1 but oblvscor prefers the former4 #d4 cib4 ,see the note on #af1 #ai4 #e4 hr septim4 ,see the note on #db1 #bc4 #aa4 docurunt4 ,see the note on #d1 #bf4 #ea4 #f4 tantum1 the adverb4 #bc4 s1 'they1' i4e4 himself and his companions4 praedand caus1 'to steal4' ,purpose is frequently thus expressed by caus with the genitive of the gerund or gerundive4 ,what other ways of expressing purpose have you met in your reading8 #bd4 ,tri4 ,the preposition is sometimes used with names of towns1 with the meaning 'from the direction of' or 'from the neighborhood of4' #be4 esse4 ,it will help you to understand indirect discourse if you will try to discover what words would be used to express the idea in the direct form4 ,here1 for instance1 the exact words of ,ulysses would have been in ,latin3 ,neque merctrs sumus neque praedand caus vnimus2 sed ,tri redeunts v tempesttum rct curs dpuls sumus4 #bg4 ubi 444 essent4 ,the question of ,polyphemus was ,ubi est nvis qu vect estis8 sibi 444 esse1 'that he must be exceedingly careful4' ,see the note on mtrandum sibi1 #db1 #ab4 #bi4 in 444 esse1 'had been driven on the rocks and entirely dashed to pieces4' ,see the note on r 444 interfcit1 #ah1 #d4 #eb4 #a4 membrs erum dvulss1 'tearing them limb from limb4' #d4 n 444 quidem4 ,see the note on #cd1 #be4 #f4 tam4 ,notice that the force of a second demonstrative word is lost in the ,english rendering4 ,so hc tantus vir1 'this great man1' etc4 #g4 hum4 ,see the note on #cj1 #af4 prstrtus1 'throwing himself down4' ,see the note on continbantur1 #bj1 #bf4 #h4 re gerendae1 'for action4' ,compare #ci1 #h4 #i4 in e 444 trnsfgeret1 'was on the point of transfixing4' ,the clause of result ut 444 trnsfgeret is explanatory of in e4 #ac4 nihil sibi prfutrum4 ,see the note on #dc1 #be4 #ag4 hc cnt4 ,see the note on #ac1 #aa4 #ah4 nll 444 oblt1 'since no hope of safety presented itself4' ,see the note on continbantur1 #bj1 #bf4 #ba4 et4 ,see the note on #bh1 #ah4 #bc4 ltri essent1 'would bring1' more literally 'were going to bring4' ,notice that in subjunctive constructions the periphrastic form is necessary to express future action clearly1 since the subjunctive has no future4 #be4 quod1 object of the implied fcerat4 #ec4 #ad4 qu4 ,see the note on #dc1 #g4 #ae4 id 444 salt1 'and this was his salvation1' literally 'that which was for safety to him4' ,for the datives see the note on #ac1 #af4 #bj4 tertium1 the adverb4 #bb4 ,nminem4 ,why is the accusative used8 #bg4 inquit4 ,see the note on #ad1 #bh4 #bh4 quam faculttem1 for faculttem quam4 ,the antecedent is often thus attracted into the relative clause1 n omittmus1 'let us not neglect1' the hortatory subjunctive4 #bi4 re gerendae4 ,see the note on #eb1 #h4 #ed4 #a4 extrmum plum1 'the end of the stake4' ,other adjectives denoting a part of the object named by the noun they modify are medius1 'the middle of'2 cterus1 'the rest of'2 reliquus1 'the rest of'2 prmus1 'the first of'2 summus1 'the top of'2 mus1 'the bottom of4' #e4 dum errat1 'wandering4' #bc4 pecus4 ,is this pecus1 pecoris1 or pecus1 pecudis8 ,see the note on pecora1 #bj1 #bf4 #bd4 vnerat4 ,we say 'came1' but the ,latin by the use of the pluperfect denotes that this action preceded that of trctbat4 #ee4 #a4 qus4 ,see the note on quibus1 #bj1 #a4 inter s4 ,compare #ba1 #bj4 #e4 fore1 'would happen4' #ae4 aliquod4 ,compare #db1 #ab1 and the note4 #af4 id 444 erat1 'as was indeed the case4' #ag4 auxiliand caus4 ,see the note on #ea1 #bc4 #bf4 correptum conicit1 'seized and threw4' #bg4 nn 444 submergerentur4 ,see the note on #cg1 #g4 #ef4 #d-f4 ,these verses and those on p4 #eg and p4 #ei are quoted from ,vergil's ,aeneid4 #f4 vincls1 for vinculs4 #h4 vrs4 ,let the quantity of the first i tell you from what nominative this word comes4 #aa4 sibi proficscendum4 ,see the note on mtrandum sibi1 #db1 #ab4 #ac4 iam profectr1 'as he was now about to set out4' #af4 nvigant1 'to one sailing4' #be4 mrbantur1 'had been wondering4' ,with iam ddum and similar expressions the imperfect denotes action begun some time before and still going on at the given past time4 ,this is similar to the use of the present already commented on 7see the note on es1 #d1 #a74 #bh4 clta1 plural because of the plural expression aurum et argentum4 #eg4 #a4 vent1 subject of ruunt and perflant4 #b4 velut gmine fact1 'as if formed in column4' #c4 data4 ,est is omitted4 #aj4 pricissent4 ,see the note on accpissent1 #bf1 #ba4 #ac4 in terram grediendum esse1 'that a landing must be made4' #ah4 quam1 an adverb modifying crdl4 #ai4 essent1 informal indirect discourse or subjunctive by attraction4 #bj4 vellet1 subjunctive of characteristic4 ,this name is given to the subjunctive when used in relative clauses to define or restrict an indefinite or general antecedent4 ,so here it is not 'no one was found1' but 'no one willing to undertake this task was found4' #ba4 dducta est1 'came4' #bc4 praeesset1 subjunctive of purpose4 #be4 vnit4 ,this verb takes the same construction as accidit1 #cj1 #a4 #eh4 #a4 nihil4 ,see the note on #cg1 #bb4 #b4 mort4 ,compare #di1 #bf4 #e4 aliquantum itineris1 'some distance on the journey4' ,the two words are accusative of extent of space and partitive genitive respectively4 #aa4 sibi1 'for them1' dative of reference4 #ab4 fors4 ,this is translated like fors above1 but the former was originally locative and is therefore used with verbs of rest2 the latter1 accusative of place whither and therefore used with verbs of motion4 #ae4 accuburunt4 ,see the note on #cg1 #f4 #be4 perturbtus1 used as a predicate adjective1 'agitated4' #bg4 corrept4 ,see the note on #ch1 #h4 #ei4 #a4 quid4 ,see the note on quis1 #cj1 #c4 gravius1 'serious4' e4 ,the direct form of these two speeches would be3 ,s quid gravius tibi acciderit1 omnium sals in summ discrmine erit2 and ,nminem invtum mcum addcam2 tibi licet1 s mvs1 in nv manre2 ego ipse sine ll praesidi rem suscipiam4 ,notice that ego is not used to represent s of line #b1 but is used for s of line #d for the sake of the contrast with tibi4 #f4 nll4 ,instead of the genitive and ablative of nm1 nllus and nll are regularly used4 #g4 ,alquantum itiners4 ,see the note on #eh1 #e4 #aj4 in e 444 intrret4 ,see the note on #eb1 #i4 #aa4 e4 ,compare #di1 #bf1 and #eh1 #b4 #ad4 ,circs1 a ,greek form of the genitive4 #af4 ,num4 ,see the note on #dd1 #bj4 ,nnne 7line #ad7 is used to introduce a question to which an affirmative answer is expected4 #ah4 nlls4 ,see the note on #bd1 #c4 #bb4 tetigerit4 ,see the note on #cj1 #bj4 t 444 facis1 'see that you draw your sword and make an attack upon her4' #bd4 vss1 'sight1' ,the use of the plural is poetic4 #be4 tenuem 444 auram4 ,the order of the words here is poetic4 #fj4 #a4 atque1 'as4' ,after adjectives and adverbs denoting likeness and unlikeness1 this use of atque is regular4 #c4 dpulsa est4 ,see the note on #d1 #bf4 #d4 sibi4 ,see the note on #eh1 #aa4 #aa4 ut 444 erat1 'as he had been instructed1' more literally 'as had been enjoined upon him4' ,an intransitive verb must be used impersonally in the passive1 for it is the direct object of the active voice that becomes the subject of the passive4 ,if the intransitive verb takes a dative in the active1 this dative is kept in the passive4 ,notice that the corresponding ,english verbs are transitive1 and that the dative may therefore be rendered as the object in the active construction and as the subject in the passive4 #ac4 snsisset4 ,see the note on vdissent1 #cf1 #ae4 #ad4 sibi vtam adimeret1 'take her life4' ,the dative of reference is thus used after some compound verbs to name the person from whom a thing is taken4 ,this construction is sometimes called the dative of separation4 #ae4 timre perterritam4 ,see the note on #ad1 #aa4 #bj4 e peds1 'his feet4' ,see the note on #dd1 #aj4 #ba4 impersset1 contracted from impervisset4 #bb4 in trium4 ,see the note on #g1 #c4 #bf4 sunt1 goes with reduct4 #bi4 reliqus ,graecs1 indirect object of dceret4 #cj4 ,circaeam4 ,notice that this use of the adjective instead of the genitive often cannot be imitated in the ,english rendering1 but must be translated by the possessive case or a prepositional phrase4 #fa4 #h4 e persusum sit1 'he was persuaded4' ,see the note on #fj1 #aa4 ,the clause ut 444 manret is the subject of persusum sit2 if the latter were active1 the clause would be its object4 ,for the tense of persusum sit see the note on #ai1 #bb4 #aj4 cnsmpserat4 ,see the note on #ad1 #c4 patriae1 objective genitive1 to be rendered1 as often1 with 'for4' #ae4 su4 ,see the note on #cd1 #bj4 #bc4 antequam pervenret4 ,we say 'before he could come4' ,see the note on possent1 #bg1 #bj4 #bd4 hc loc4 ,see the note on #bd1 #b4 longum est4 ,we say 'would be tedious' or 'would take too long4' ,,vocabulary ,,abbreviations abl4 ablative4 acc4 accusative4 act4 active4 adj4 adjective4 adv4 adverb4 comp4 comparative4 conj4 conjunction4 dat4 dative4 dem4 demonstrative4 f4 feminine4 freq4 frequentative4 gen4 genitive4 ger4 gerundive4 impers4 impersonal4 indecl4 indeclinable4 indef4 indefinite4 infin4 infinitive4 interrog4 interrogative4 loc4 locative4 m4 masculine4 n4 neuter4 part4 participle4 pass4 passive4 perf4 perfect4 pers4 personal4 plur4 plural4 prep4 preposition4 pron4 pronoun or pronominal4 rel4 relative4 sing4 singular4 superl4 superlative4 ,the hyphen in initial words indicates the composition of the words4 ,a or ab 7the former never used before words beginning with a vowel or h71 prep4 with abl41 away from1 from2 of2 by4 abditus1 -a1 -um part of abd1 hidden1 concealed4 ab-d1 -dere1 -did1 -ditus1 put away1 hide4 ab-dc1 -dcere1 -dx1 -ductus1 lead or take away4 ab-e1 -re1 -i1 -itrus1 go away1 depart4 abici1 -icere1 -ic1 -iectus ab iaci1 throw away4 abripi1 -ripere1 -ripu1 -reptus ab rapi1 snatch away1 carry off4 abscd1 -cdere1 -cd1 -csus abs ab caed1 cut away or off4 ab-scind1 -scindere1 -scid1 -scissus1 tear away or off4 ab-sum1 abesse1 fu1 futrus1 be away1 be absent1 be distant2 be wanting4 ab-sm1 -smere1 -smps1 -smptus1 take away1 consume1 destroy4 ,absyrtus1 -1 m41 ,absyrtus4 ac1 see atque4 ,acastus1 -1 m41 ,acastus4 accend1 -cendere1 -cend1 -cnsus1 kindle1 light4 accid1 -cidere1 -cid ad cad1 fall to or upon2 befall1 happen4 accipi1 -cipere1 -cp1 -ceptus ad capi1 take to oneself1 receive1 accept2 hear2 suffer4 accumb1 -cumbere1 -cubu1 -cubitus1 lie down 7at table74 accurr1 -currere1 -curr1 -cursus ad curr1 run to1 come up4 cer1 cris1 cre1 sharp1 shrill4 acis1 -1 f41 line of battle4 ,acrisius1 -1 m41 ,acrisius4 criter cer1 adv41 sharply1 fiercely4 ad1 prep4 with acc41 to1 toward2 at1 near2 for4 ad-am1 -amre1 -amv1 -amtus1 feel love for1 fall in love with4 ad-dc1 -dcere1 -dx1 -ductus1 lead to1 bring1 take2 induce1 influence4 ad-e1 -re1 -i1 -itus1 go to1 approach4 ad-fer1 adferre1 attul1 adltus1 bear to1 bring4 adfici1 -ficere1 -fc1 -fectus ad faci1 do to1 move1 affect2 visit1 afflict4 ad-flg1 -flgere1 -flxi1 -flctus1 dash to1 shatter4 adhibe1 -hibre1 -hibu1 -hibitus ad habe1 hold to1 employ1 show4 ad-hc1 adv41 to this point1 up to this time1 yet1 still4 adici1 -icere1 -ic1 -iectus ad iaci1 throw to1 throw1 hurl4 adim1 -imere1 -m1 -mptus ad em1 take to oneself1 take away4 aditus1 -s ade1 m41 approach1 entrance4 ad-iungo1 -iungere1 -inx1 -inctus1 join to1 join4 ad-lig1 -ligre1 -ligv1 -ligtus1 bind to1 bind4 ,admta1 -ae1 f41 ,admeta4 ad-mror1 -mrr1 -mrtus1 wonder at1 admire4 ad-mitt1 -mittere1 -ms1 -missus1 send to1 admit2 allow4 ad-st1 -stre1 -stit1 stand at or near4 adulscns1 -entis1 m41 youth1 young man4 adulscentia1 -ae adulscns1 f41 youth4 ad-r1 -rere1 -ss1 -stus1 set fire to1 burn1 scorch1 sear4 ad-veni1 -venre1 -vn1 -ventus1 come to or toward1 approach1 arrive4 adventus1 -s adveni1 m41 approach1 arrival4 ,aeacus1 -1 m41 ,aeacus4 aedific1 -re1 -v1 -tus aedis faci1 make a building1 build4 aedis1 -is1 f41 sing4 temple1 plur4 house4 ,aets1 -ae1 m41 ,aeetes4 aegr aeger1 sick1 adv41 ill1 with difficulty4 ,aegypti1-rum1 m4 pl41 ,egyptians4 aneus1 -a1 -um aes1 of copper or bronze4 ,aeolia1 -ae ,aeolus1 f41 ,aeolia4 ,aeolus1 -1 m41 ,aeolus4 r1 eris1 m41 air4 aes1 aeris1 n41 copper1 bronze4 ,aeson1 -onis1 m41 ,aeson4 aests1 -ttis1 f41 summer4 aets1 -ttis1 f41 age4 ,aethiops1 -um1 m4 plur41 ,ethiopians4 ,aetna1 -ae1 f41 ,etna4 ager1 agri1 m41 field1 land4 gmen1 -minis ago1 n41 band1 column4 gnsc1 -gnscere1 -gnv1 -gnitus ad 7g7nsc1 come to know1 recognize4 ag1 agere1 g1 ctus1 drive2 do2 pass1 lead2 grtis agere1 see grtia4 ala1 -ae1 f41 wing4 albus1 -a1 -um1 white4 ,alcmna1 -ae1 f41 ,alcmena4 alinus1 -a1 -um alius1 belonging to another1 out of place4 ali-quand1 adv41 at some time or other2 finally1 at length4 ali-quantum1 -quant1 n41 somewhat4 ali-qu1 -qua1 -quod1 indef4 pron4 adj41 some1 any4 ali-quis1 -quid1 indef4 pron41 someone1 any one1 something1 anything1 some1 any4 aliter alius1 adv41 in another way1 otherwise1 differently4 alius1 -a1 -ud1 another1 other2 ali 444 ali1 some 444 others4 al1 -ere1 -u1 -tus1 nourish4 ,alps1 -ium1 f4 plur41 ,alps4 alter1 -era1 -erum1 one or the other 7of two72 another1 second4 altus1 -a1 -um part1 of al1 high1 deep2 altum1 -1 n41 the deep4 ,amzons1-um1 f4 plur41,amazons4 mentia1 -ae mns1 mind1 f41 madness4 amcus1 -1 m41 friend4 -mitt1 -mittere1 -ms1 -missus1 send away1 lose4 am1 -re1 -v1 -tus1 love4 amor1 -ris am1 m41 love4 -move1 -movre1 -mv1 -mtus1 move away4 amphora1 -ae1 f41 jar1 bottle4 an1 conj41 or 7in questions74 ancora1 -ae1 f41 anchor2 in ancors1 at anchor4 ,andromeda1 -ae1 f41 ,andromeda4 anguis1 -is1 m4 and f41 serpent1 snake4 anima1 -ae1 f41 breath1 soul1 life4 animadvert1 -vertere1 -vert1 -versus animus ad-vert1 turn the mind to1 observe4 animus1 -1 m41 mind2 heart2 spirit1 courage4 annus1 -1 m41 year4 ante1 prep1 with acc4 and adv41 before4 ante ante1 adv41 before4 antecell1 -cellere1 surpass1 excel4 ante-quam1 conj41 before than1 sooner than1 before4 antquus1 -a1 -um1 ancient4 antrum1 -1 n41 cave4 nxius1 -a1 -um1 anxious4 aper1 apr1 m41 wild boar4 aperi1 -re1 -u1 -tus1 open4 apertus1 -a1 -um part1 of aperi1 open4 ,apollo1 -inis1 m41 ,apollo4 appell1 -pellre1 -pellv1 -pelltus1 call1 name4 appell1 -pellere1 -pul1 -pulsus ad pell1 drive to1 bring to2 with or without nvem1 put in4 appet1 -petere1 -petv1 -pettus ad pet1 draw near4 appn1 -pnere1 -posu1 -positus ad pn1 put to or near1 set before1 serve4 appropinqu1 -propinqure1 -propinquv1 -propinqutus ad propinqu1 approach to1 approach4 apud1 prep1 with acc41 among1 with4 aqua1 -ae1 f41 water4 ra1 -ae1 f41 altar4 arbitror1 -r1 -tus1 consider1 think1 judge4 arbor1 -oris1 f41 tree4 arca1 -ae1 f41 chest1 box1 ark4 ,arcadia1-ae1 f41 ,arcadia4 arcess1 -ere1 -v1 -tus1 call1 summon1 fetch4 arcus1 -s1 m41 bow4 rde1 rdre1 rs1 rsus1 be on fire1 burn4 argentum1 -1 n41 silver4 ,arg1 ,argus1 f41 the ,argo4 ,argolicus1 -a1 -um1 of ,argolis 7the district of ,greece in which ,tiryns was situated71 ,argolic4 ,argonautae1 -rum ,arg nauta1 m4 plur41 ,argonauts4 ,argus1 -1 m41 ,argus4 aris1 -etis1 m41 ram4 arma1 -rum1 n4 plur41 arms1 weapons4 armtus1 -a1 -um part1 of arm1 armed4 arm1 -re1 -vi1 -tus arma1 arm1 equip4 ar1 -re1 -v1 -tus1 plow4 ars1 artis1 f41 art4 ascend1 -scendere1 -scend1 -scnsus ad scand1 climb to1 ascend1 mount4 aspici1 -spicere1 -spx1 -spectus ad speci1 look at or on1 behold4 at1 conj41 but4 ,athnae1 -rum1 f4 plur41 ,athens4 ,atls1 -antis1 m41 ,atlas4 atque or ac 7the latter never used before words beginning with a vowel or h71 conj41 and2 after words of comparison1 as1 than4 trium1 -1 n41 hall4 atting1 -tingere1 -tig1 -tctus ad tango1 touch at4 audcia1 -ae audx1 bold1 f41 boldness1 audacity4 aude1 audre1 ausus sum1 dare4 audi1 -re1 -v1 -tus1 hear2 listen or attend to4 aufer1 auferre1 abstul1 abltus ab fer1 bear away1 carry off4 aufugi1 -fugere1 -fg ab fugi1 flee or run away4 ,augs1 -ae1 m41 ,augeas4 aura1 -ae1 f41 air1 breeze4 aureus1 -a1 -um aurum1 of gold1 golden4 auris1 -is1 f41 ear4 aurum1 -1 n41 gold4 aut1 conj41 or2 aut 444 aut1 either 444 or4 autem1 conj41 moreover2 but1 however2 now4 auxilior1 -ri1 -tus auxilium1 help4 auxilium1 -1 n41 help1 aid4 -veh1 -vehere1 -vex1 -vectus1 carry away4 avis1 -is1 f41 bird4 -vol1 -volre1 -volv1 -voltrus1 fly away4 avus1 -1 m41 grandfather4 ,b baculum1 -1 n41 stick1 wand4 balteus1 -1 m441 belt1 girdle4 barbarus1 -a1 -um1 barbarian4 betus1 -a1 -um1 happy1 blessed4 bellicsus1 -a1 -um bellum1 war-like4 bellum1 -1 n41 war4 blua1 -ae1 f41 beast1 monster4 bene bonus1 adv41 well2 successfully4 beneficium1 - bene faci1 n41 well-doing1 kindness1 service1 benefit4 bengn bengnus1 kind1 adv41 kindly4 bengnits1 -ttis bengnus1 kind1 f41 kindness4 bib1 bibere1 bib1 drink4 biceps1 -cipitis bi- caput1 adj41 two-headed4 bonus1 -a1 -um1 good4 bs1 bovis1 gen4 plur4 boum1 dat4 and abl4 plur4 bbus1 m4 and f41 ox1 bull1 cow4 bracchium1 -1 n41 arm4 brevis1 -e1 short4 ,bsris1 -idis1 m41 ,busiris4 ,c ,ccus1 -1 m41 ,cacus4 cadver1 -eris1 n41 dead body1 corpse1 carcass4 cad1 cadere1 cecid1 csrus1 fall4 caecus1 -a1 -um1 blind4 caeds1 -is caed1 cut1 f41 cutting down1 killing1 slaughter4 caelum1 -1 n41 heaven1 sky4 ,calais1 -is1 m41 ,calais4 calamits1 -ttis1 f41 misfortune1 calamity1 disaster4 calceus1 -1 m41 shoe4 calefaci1 -facere1 -fc1 -factus cale1 be hot faci1 make hot4 calor1 -ris cale1 be hot1 m41 heat4 campus1 -1 m41 plain1 field4 cancer1 cancr1 m41 crab4 canis1 -is1 m4 and f41 dog4 cant1 -re1 -v1 -tus freq4 of can1 sing1 sing4 cantus1 -s can1 sing1 m41 singing1 song4 capi1 capere1 cp1 captus1 take1 catch1 seize2 receive1 suffer2 adopt4 captvus1 -a1 -um capi1 captive4 caput1 capitis1 n41 head4 carcer1 -eris1 m41 prison4 carmen1 -minis can1 sing1 n41 song1 charm4 car1 carnis1 f41 flesh4 carp1 -ere1 -s1 -tus1 pluck4 ,castor1 -oris1 m41 ,castor4 castra1 -rum1 n4 plur41 camp4 cs abl4 of csus1 adv41 by chance1 accidentally4 csus1 -s cad1 m41 fall2 chance1 accident4 catna1 -ae1 f41 chain4 cauda1 -ae1 f41 tail4 causa1 -ae1 f41 cause1 reason2 abl4 caus1 for the sake of4 cave1 cavre1 cv1 cautus1 beware1 take care2 be on one's guard against1 beware of4 celeber1 celebris1 celebre1 frequented2 renowned1 celebrated4 celerits1 -ttis celer1 swift1 f41 swiftness1 quickness1 speed4 celeriter celer1 swift1 adv41 swiftly1 quickly4 cl1 -re1 -v1 -tus1 hide1 conceal4 cna1 -ae1 f41 dinner4 cnculum1 - cna1 n41 dining-room4 ,cnaeum1 -1 n41 ,cenaeum 7a promontory of ,euboea74 cn1 -re1 -v1 -tus cna1 dine4 cnse1 cnsre1 cnsu1 cnsus1 think1 believe1 consider4 centaurus1 -1 m41 centaur4 centum1 indecl4 adj41 one hundred4 ,cpheus1 -1 m41 ,cepheus4 ,cerberus1 -1 m41 ,cerberus4 ,ceres1 ,cereris1 f41 ,ceres4 cern1 cernere1 crv1 certus or crtus1 discern1 perceive1 make out4 certmen1 -minis cert1 strive1 n41 struggle1 contest4 cert abl4 of certus1 adv41 with certainty1 for certain1 certainly4 certus1 -a1 -um part4 of cern1 determined1 fixed1 certain2 certirem facere1 to make more certain1 inform4 cervus1 -1 m41 stag4 cter1 -ae1 -a1 plur4 adj41 the other1 the remaining1 the rest of4 ,charn1 -ontis1 m41 ,charon4 cibus1 -1 m41 food4 cing1 cingere1 cinx1 cinctus1 surround1 gird4 ,circ1 -s1 f41 ,circe4 ,circaeus1 -a1 -um ,circ1 of ,circe4 circiter1 prep4 with acc4 and adv41 about4 circum1 prep4 with acc41 around4 circum-d1 -dare1 -ded1 -datus1 put around1 surround4 circum-st1 -stre1 -stet1 stand around4 citerior1 -ius comp4 from citr1 on this side of1 adj41 on this side1 hither4 cithara1 -ae1 f41 cithara1 lute1 lyre4 citharoedus1 - cithara1 m41 citharoedus 7one who sings to the accompaniment of the cithara74 cvis1 -is1 m4 and f41 citizen1 fellow-citizen1 subject4 cvits1 -ttis cvis1 f41 state4 clmit1 -re1 -v1 -tus freq4 of clm1 call out1 call out4 clamor1 -ris clm1 call out1 m41 shout1 cry4 clva1 -ae1 f41 club4 clmentia1 -ae clmns1 merciful1 f41 mercy1 kindness4 coep1 coepisse1 coeptus 7used in tenses of completed action71 have begun1 began4 cgit1 -re1 -v1 -tus1 consider1 think over4 cgnsc1 -gnscere1 -gnv1 -gnitus com- 7g7nsc1 come to know1 find out1 learn2 in tenses of completed action1 have found out1 know4 cg1 cgere1 cog1 coctus co- ag1 drive together1 collect2 compel4 co-hortor1 -hortr1 -horttus1 encourage1 exhort4 ,colch1 -rum1 m4 plur41 ,colchians4 ,colchis1 -idis1 f41 ,colchis4 collum1 -1 n41 neck4 col1 colere1 colu1 cultus1 till1 cultivate2 inhabit2 worship4 color1 -ris1 m41 color4 columba1 -ae1 f41 pigeon1 dove4 columna1 -ae1 f41 column1 pillar4 comes1 -itis com- e1 m4 and f41 companion4 commetus1 -s1 m41 supplies1 provisions4 com-mitt1 -mittere1 -ms1 -missus1 send together2 commit1 intrust2 expose2 proelium committere1 to join battle4 com-moror1 -morr1 -mortus1 tarry1 linger1 delay1 stay4 com-move1 -movre1 -mv1 -mtus1 move1 rouse2 disturb4 com-mtti1 -tinis1 f41 change4 com-par1 -parre1 -parv1 -partus1 prepare1 collect4 com-pell1 -pellere1 -pul1 -pulsus1 drive together1 drive4 complector1 -plect1 -plexus1 embrace4 com-ple1 -plre1 -plv1 -pltus1 fill full1 fill up4 com-plrs1 -plra1 plur4 adj41 several1 many4 com-port1 -portre1 -portv1 -porttus1 carry or bring together1 collect4 com-prehend1 -prehendere1 -prehend1 -prehnsus1 seize1 catch4 comprim1 -primere1 -press1 -pressus com- prem1 press together1 squeeze1 compress4 cntus1 -s cnor1 m41 attempt1 effort4 con-cd1 -cdere1 -cess1 -cessus1 grant1 yield4 con-curr1 -currere1 -curr1 -cursus1 run1 rush1 or dash together4 con-d1 -dere1 -did1 -ditus1 put together1 found2 store away4 cn-fer1 cnferre1 contul1 conltus1 bring together2 grant1 confer2 s cnferre1 to betake oneself1 make one's way4 cnfici1 -ficere1 -fc1 -fectus com- faci1 make or do completely1 complete1 finish1 accomplish1 make2 wear out4 cn-frm1 -frmre1 -frmv1 -frmtus1 strengthen1 establish2 declare1 assert4 cn-flg1 -flgere1 -flx1 -flctus1 dash together4 conici1 -icere1 -ic1 -iectus com- iaci1 throw together2 throw1 cast1 hurl4 con-iung1 -iungere1 -inx1 -inctus1 join together1 join4 coninx1 coniugis coniung1 m4 and f41 spouse1 husband1 wife4 conlig1 -ligere1 -lg1 -lctus com- leg1 gather together1 collect4 con-loc1 -locre1 -locv1 -loctus1 place together1 put1 place4 conloquium1 - conloquor1 talk together1 n41 conversation4 cnor1 -r1 -tus1 try1 attempt4 cnscend1 -scendere1 -scend1 -scnsus com- scand1 climb1 climb2 nvem cnscendere1 to climb the ship1 go on board1 embark4 cnsnsus1 -s cnsenti1 agree1 m41 agreement1 consent4 cn-sequor1 -sequ1 -sectus1 follow up1 follow2 overtake4 cn-serv1 -servre1 -servv1 -servtus1 preserve1 keep4 cn-sd1 -sdere1 -sd1 -sessus1 sit down4 cnsilium1 - cnsul1 n41 advice2 plan1 design1 purpose2 prudence4 cn-sist1 -sistere1 -stit1 -stitus1 station oneself1 take one's stand2 consist4 cnspectus1 -s cnspici1 m41 sight4 cnspici1 -spicere1 -spx1 -spectus com- speci1 look1 behold1 perceive1 see4 cnstitu1 -stituere1 -stitu1 -stittus com- statu1 set together or up2 appoint2 determine4 cn-st1 -stre1 -stit1 -sttrus1 stand together1 agree2 consist2 cnstat1 it is agreed1 is well known4 cn-susc1 -suscere1 -suv1 -sutus1 become accustomed2 in tenses of completed action1 have become accustomed1 be accustomed or wont4 cnsul1 -ere1 -u1 -tus1 consult4 cn-sm1 -smere1 -smps1 -smptus1 take completely1 use up1 consume1 spend4 con-teg1 -tegere1 -tx1 -tctus1 cover4 con-tend1 -tendere1 -tend1 -tentus1 stretch1 hasten4 continns1 -entis contine1 f41 'mainland1 continent4 contine1 -tinre1 -tinu1 -tentus com- tene1 hold together1 keep within1 shut up in2 bound4 continuus1 -a1 -um contine1 continuous1 successive4 contr1 prep1 with acc41 against1 contrary to4 contrversia1 -ae1 f41 quarrel1 dispute1 debate4 con-veni1 -venre1 -vn1 -ventus1 come together1 assemble4 con-vert1 -vertere1 -vert1 -versus1 turn round1 turn1 change2 in fugam convertere1 to put to flight4 con-voc1 -vocre1 -vocv1 -voctus1 call together1 summon1 assemble4 co-orior1 -orr1 -ortus1 arise4 cpia1 -ae1 f41 supply1 abundance2 plur41 forces1 troops4 ,corinthus1 -1 m41 ,corinth4 corium1 -1 n41 hide1 leather4 corn1 -s1 n41 horn4 corpus1 corporis1 n41 body4 corripi1 -ripere1 -ripu1 -reptus com- rapi1 seize1 snatch1 snatch up4 cottdi1 adv41 daily1 every day4 crdibilis1 -e crd1 credible4 crd1 -dere1 -did1 -ditus1 believe4 cre1 -re1 -v1 -tus1 elect1 appoint4 ,cren1 -ontis1 m41 ,creon4 creptus1 -s crep1 rattle1 m41 rattle1 clatter4 crepundia1 -rum crep1 rattle1 n4 plur41 rattle4 ,crta1 -ae1 f41 ,crete4 crucitus1 -s cruci1 torture1 m41 torture4 crdlis1 -e1 cruel4 crs1 crris1 n41 leg4 cubiculum1 - cub1 n41 bedroom4 cub1 -re1 -u1 lie down1 lie1 recline4 culter1 cultr1 m41 knife4 cum1 prep1 with abl41 with4 cum1 conj41 when1 while1 after2 since2 although4 cnae1 -arum1 f4 plur41 cradle4 cupidits1 -ttis cupidus1 f41 desire1 longing1 eagerness4 cupidus1 -a1 -um cupi1 desirous1 eager4 cupi1 -ere1 -v1 -tus1 desire1 long for1 wish4 cr1 adv41 why4 curr1 currere1 cucurr1 cursus1 run4 cursus1 -s1 m41 chariot4 cursus1 -s curr1 m41 running1 course4 custdi1 -re1 -v1 -tus custs1 guard1 guard4 ,cyclps1 -is1 m41 ,cyclops ,cyzicus1 -1 f41 ,cyzicus4 ,d damnum1 -1 n41 harm1 injury4 ,dana1 -s1 f41 ,danae4 d1 prep1 with abl41 down from1 from1 out of2 about1 concerning1 of4 dbe1 -re1 -u1 -itus d habe1 owe2 with infin41 ought4 dbitus1 -a1 -um part1 of dbe1 owed1 due4 d-cd1 -cdere1 -cess1 -cessus1 go away1 depart4 decem1 indecl4 adj41 ten4 dcid1 -cidere1 -cid d cad1 fall down4 decimus1 -a1 -um decem1 tenth4 dcipi1 -cipere1 -cp1 -ceptus d capi1 catch1 deceive4 decor1 -re1 -v1 -tus decus1 adornment1 adorn1 distinguish4 d-curr1 -currere1 -cucurr1 -cursus1 run down4 d-decus1 -decoris1 n41 dishonor1 disgrace4 d-d1 -dere1 -did1 -ditus1 give away or up4 d-dc1 -dcere1 -dx1 -ductus1 lead down or away1 bring2 nvem ddcere1 to draw down or launch a ship4 d-fend1 -fendere1 -fend1 -fnsus1 ward off2 defend4 d-fer1 -ferre1 -tul1 -ltus1 bear or carry away or off4 d-fessus1 -a1 -um1 worn out1 exhausted4 dfici1 -ficere1 -fc1 -fectus d faci1 fail4 ,dianra1 -ae1 f41 ,dejanira4 dici1 -icere1 -ic1 -iectus d iaci1 throw down1 cast1 drive out of one's course4 deinde1 adv41 then1 next4 d-lbor1 -lb1 -lapsus1 slip or fall down4 dlig1 -ligere1 -lg1 -lctus d leg1 choose out1 choose1 select4 ,delph1 -rum1 m4 plur41 ,delphi4 ,delphicus1 -a1 -um ,delph1 of ,delphi1 ,delphic1 ,delphian4 dmissus1 -a1 -um part4 of dmitt1 downcast1 dejected4 d-mitt1 -mittere1 -ms1 -missus1 send down1 let fall2 anims dmittere1 to lose courage4 d-mnstr1 -mnstrre1 -mnstrv1 -mnstrtus1 point out1 show2 make known4 dmum1 adv41 at last4 dnique1 adv41 lastly1 finally4 dns1 dentis1 m41 tooth4 dnsus1 -a1 -um1 thick4 d-pell1 -pellere1 -pul1 -pulsus1 drive off or away1 drive4 d-plr1 -plrre1 -plrv1 -plrtus1 lament4 d-pn1 -pnere1 -posu1 -positus1 put down1 deposit2 lay aside1 give up2 memori dpnere1 to forget4 dripi1 -ripere1 -ripu1 -reptus d rapi1 snatch away1 tear off1 pull down4 dscend1 -scendere1 -scend1 -scnsus d scand1 climb down1 descend4 d-ser1 -serere1 -seru1 -sertus1 desert4 dsertus1 -a1 -um part1 of dser1 deserted4 dsderium1 - dsder1 desire1 n41 desire1 longing4 dsili1 -silre1 -silu1 -sultus d sali1 leap down4 d-sist1 -sistere1 -stit1 -stitus1 set down2 leave off1 desist1 cease1 stop4 d-spr1 -sprre1 -sprv1 -sprtus1 despair4 d-super1 adv41 down from above4 d-terre1 -terrre1 -terru1 -territus1 frighten off1 deter4 d-trah1 -trahere1 -trx1 -trctus1 draw or pull off4 deus1 -1 m41 god4 d-vert1 -vertere1 -vert1 turn away or aside4 d-vor1 -vorre1 -vorv1 -vortus1 swallow down1 swallow1 devour4 dexter1 -tra1 -trum1 right4 dextra1 -ae dexter1 f41 right hand 7manus understood74 ,dina1 -ae1 f41 ,diana4 dc1 dcere1 dx1 dictus1 say1 speak2 diem dcere1 to appoint or set a day4 dis1 -1 m4 and f41 day4 difficilis1 -e dis- facilis1 not easy1 difficult4 difficultas1 -ttis difficilis1 f41 difficulty4 diffund1 -fundere1 -fd1 -fsus dis- fund1 pour forth1 spread or shed abroad1 diffuse4 dligenter dligns1 careful1 adv41 carefully1 diligently4 dligentia1 -ae dligns1 careful1 f41 care1 diligence1 industry4 d-lcsc1 -lcscere1 -lx1 grow light1 dawn4 dlcid dlcidus1 distinct1 adv41 distinctly1 plainly4 d-mitt1 -mittere1 -ms1 -missus1 send different ways1 send forth or away1 despatch2 let slip1 lose4 ,diomds1 -is1 m41 ,diomedes4 drus1 -a1 -um1 dreadful4 dis-cd1 -cdere1 -cess1 -cessus1 go apart1 withdraw1 depart4 disc1 discere1 didic1 learn4 discrmen1 -crminis1 n41 crisis1 peril1 danger4 discus1 -1 m41 discus1 quoit4 disici1 -icere1 -ic1 -iectus dis- iaci1 throw apart1 scatter4 di1 adv41 for a long time1 a long time or while1 long2 comp4 ditius1 longer4 d-vell1 -vellere1 -vell1 -vulsus1 tear apart1 rend asunder1 tear in pieces4 dversus1 -a1 -um part4 of dverto1 turned different ways1 opposite1 contrary1 different4 dvid1 -videre1 -vs1 -vsus1 divide1 separate4 d1 dare1 ded1 datus1 give4 doceo1 -re1 -u1 -tus1 teach1 explain4 dolor1 -ris dole1 be in pain1 m41 pain1 grief2 anger4 dolus1 -1 m41 trick1 craft4 domina1 -ae1 f41 mistress4 domus1 -s1 f41 house1 home4 dnum1 - do1 n41 gift4 dormi1 -re1 -v1 sleep4 drac1 -nis1 m41 dragon1 serpent4 dubit1 -re1 -v1 -tus dubius1 doubt1 hesitate4 dubius1 -a1 -um1 doubtful1 uncertain4 dc1 dcere1 dx1 ductus dux1 lead2 make1 dig2 with or without in mtrimnium1 marry4 ddum1 adv41 formerly1 of old2 iam ddum1 this long time4 dulcd1 -inis dulcis1 f41 sweetness4 dulcis1 -e1 sweet4 dum1 conj41 while1 as2 as long as2 until4 duo1 -ae1 -o1 plur4 adj41 two4 duodecim duo decem1 indecl4 adj41 twelve4 duo-d-vgint1 indecl4 adj41 eighteen4 dux1 ducis1 m4 and f41 leader1 commander4 ,e 1 see ex4 brius1 -a1 -um1 drunk4 -dc1 -dcere1 -dx1 -dictus1 declare1 proclaim1 appoint4 -d1 -dere1 -did1 -ditus1 put forth1 give out1 utter4 -dc1 -dcere1 -dx1 -ductus1 lead out1 draw4 effervsc1 -fervscere1 -ferbu ex fervsc1 boil up or over1 boil4 effici1 -ficere1 -fc1 -fectus ex faci1 make or work out1 accomplish1 effect4 effl1 -flre1 -flv1 -fltus ex fl1 breathe out4 effugio1 -fugere1 -fg ex fugi1 flee out or away1 escape4 effund1 -fundere1 -fd1 -fsus ex fund1 pour out4 ego1 me1 pers4 pron41 ,i4 gredior1 -gred1 -gressus gradior1 go out or forth1 go ashore1 disembark4 gregi gregius1 excellent1 adv41 excellently1 splendidly1 admirably4 lis1 -idis1 f41 ,elis4 ,elysius1 -a1 -um1 ,elysian4 -mitt1 -mittere1 -ms1 -missus1 send out or forth4 enim1 conj41 for4 -nnti1 -nntire1 -nntiv1 -nntitus1 speak out1 announce1 make known4 e1 re1 i1 itus1 go4 e is1 adv41 to that place1 thither4 equus1 -1 m41 horse4 rctus1 -a1 -um part1 of rig1 upright1 erect4 erg1 prep1 with acc41 toward1 for4 ,ergnus1 -1 m41 ,erginus4 ridanus1 -1 m41 ,eridanus4 rig1 -rigere1 -rx1 -rctus reg1 raise or set up1 raise1 lift2 cheer1 encourage4 ripi1 -ripere1 -ripu1 -reptus rapi1 snatch out or away1 rescue4 err1 -re1 -v1 -tus1 wander1 stray2 be mistaken4 rudi1 -rudre1 -rudv1 -rudtus1 instruct4 ,erymanthius1 -a1 -um1 of ,erymanthus1 ,erymanthian4 ,erytha1 -ae1 f41 ,erythia4 et1 conj41 and2 et 444 et1 both 444 and4 etiam et iam1 adv41 and now1 also1 too1 even4 et-s1 conj41 even if1 although4 ,eunomus1 -1 m41 ,eunomus4 ,eurpa1 -ae1 f41 ,europe4 ,eurylochus1 -1 m41 ,eurylochus4 ,eurystheus1 -1 m41 ,eurystheus4 ,eurytin1 -nis1 m41 ,eurytion4 ,eurytus1 -1 m41 ,eurytus4 -vd1 -vdere1 -vs1 -vsus1 go forth1 get away1 escape4 -vnsc1 -vnscere1 -vnu1 vanish away4 -veni1 -venre1 -vn1 -ventus1 come out2 turn out1 happen1 befall4 -voc1 -vocre1 -vocv1 -voctus1 call out1 challenge4 -vom1 -vomere1 -vomu1 -vomitus1 vomit forth4 ex or 7the latter never used before words beginning with a vowel or h71 prep4 with abl41 out of1 from2 of4 ex-anim1 -animre1 -animv1 -animtus1 put out of breath1 fatigue1 tire1 exhaust2 stupefy2 kill4 ex-rdsc1 -rdscere1 -rs1 -rsus1 blaze out1 be inflamed1 rage4 ex-cd1 -cdere1 -cess1 -cessus1 go out or forth1 depart4 excipi1 -cipere1 -cp1 -ceptus ex capi1 take out or up1 receive1 welcome1 entertain4 ex-cit1 -citre1 -citv1 -cittus1 call out1 arouse4 ex-clm1 -clmre1 -clmv1 -clmtus1 cry out1 exclaim4 excld1 -cldere1 -cls1 -clsus ex claud1 shut out1 hinder1 prevent4 ex-cgit1 -cgitre1 -cgitv1 -cgittus1 think out1 contrive1 devise1 invent4 ex-cruci1 -crucire1 -cruciv1 crucitus1 torture4 ex-e1 -re1 -i1 -itus1 go out4 exerce1 -ercre1 -ercu1 -ercitus1 exercise4 exercitti1 -nis exerce1 f41 exercise4 exercitus1 -s1 m41 army4 ex-haurio1 -haurre1 -haus1 -haustus1 drink up or off1 drain4 exstim1 -stimre1 -stimv1 -stimtus ex aestimo1 value1 consider1 believe1 think4 ex-orior1 -orr1 -ortus1 arise from1 spring up1 rise4 ex-pell1 -pellere1 -pul1 -pulsus1 drive out1 expel4 ex-pi1 -pire1 -piv1 -pitus1 expiate4 explrtor1 -ris explr1 m41 explorer1 scout1 spy4 ex-plr1 -plrre1 -plrv1 -plrtus1 search out1 explore4 ex-pn1 -pnere1 -posu1 -positus1 put out1 set forth2 put on shore1 land2 explain4 exprim1 -primere1 -press1 -pressus ex prem1 press out4 exsili1 -silre1 -silu ex sali1 leap out or forth4 exsilium1 - exsul1 exile1 n41 exile4 ex-spect1 -spectre1 -spectv1 -specttus1 look out for1 wait for1 await1 expect2 wait4 ex-spr1 -sprre1 -sprv1 -sprtus1 breathe out4 ex-stru1 -struere1 -strx1 -strctus1 pile or heap up1 build1 erect4 extempl1 adv41 immediately1 straightway1 at once4 ex-trah1 -trahere1 -trx1 -trctus1 draw or drag out1 release1 rescue4 extrmus1 -a1 -um1 last1 extreme1 furthest4 exu1 -uere1 -u1 -tus1 put or take off4 ,f faber1 fabr1 m41 smith4 fabricor1 -r1 -tus faber1 make1 fashion4 fbula1 -ae for1 speak1 f41 story4 facile facilis1 easy1 adv41 easily4 facinus1 facinoris faci1 n41 deed1 crime4 faci1 facere1 fc1 factus1 make1 do2 iter facere1 see iter4 facults1 -ttis facilis1 easy1 f41 possibility1 opportunity1 chance1 means4 fall1 fallere1 fefell1 falsus1 deceive4 falsus1 -a1 -um part4 of fall1 feigned1 pretended1 false4 falx1 falcis1 f41 sickle2 curved sword1 falchion4 fma1 -ae for1 speak1 f41 report1 rumor4 fams1 -is1 abl4 fam1 f41 hunger4 fr1 farris1 n41 grain2 meal4 ftum1 - part4 of for1 speak1 n41 destiny1 fate4 faucs1 -ium1 f4 plur41 throat4 fax1 facis1 f41 torch1 firebrand4 flciter flx1 happy1 adv41 happily1 fortunately1 successfully4 fmina1 -ae1 f41 woman4 fera1 -ae ferus1 wild1 f41 wild animal1 beast4 fer1 adv41 nearly1 about1 almost1 for the most part4 fer1 ferre1 tul1 ltus1 bear1 bring4 ferx1 -cis ferus1 wild1 adj41 fierce1 savage4 ferreus1 -a1 -um ferrum1 iron1 of iron1 iron4 ferve1 -re1 boil2 glow1 burn4 fessus1 -a1 -um1 exhausted1 worn out1 weary4 figra1 -ae1 f41 form1 shape1 figure4 flia1 -ae1 f41 daughter4 flius1 -1 m41 son4 fing1 fingere1 finx1 fictus1 invent1 make up4 fnis1 -is1 m41 end1 boundary2 plur41 borders1 territory1 country4 fnitimus1 -a1 -um fnis1 neighboring1 adjoining4 f1 fier1 factus sum1 be done or made1 become1 happen4 flamma1 -ae1 f41 flame4 flmen1 -minis flu1 flow1 n41 river4 fns1 fontis1 m41 fountain1 spring4 fors foris1 adv41 out of doors1 forth1 out4 fors foris1 adv41 out of doors1 without4 foris1 -is1 f41 door4 frma1 -ae1 f41 form1 appearance2 beauty4 frmsus1 -a1 -um frma1 beautiful4 forte fors1 chance1 adv41 by chance1 accidentally4 fortis1 -e1 brave4 fortiter fortis1 adv41 bravely4 fortna1 -ae fors1 chance1 f41 fortune4 fossa1 -ae part4 of fodi1 dig1 f41 ditch1 trench4 frang1 frangere1 frg1 frctus1 break2 dash to pieces1 wreck4 frter1 frtris1 m41 brother4 fraus1 fraudis1 f41 deception1 fraud4 fremitus1 -s frem1 roar1 m41 roaring1 roar4 frn1 -re1 -v1 -tus frnum1 bridle1 bridle1 restrain4 fretum1 -1 n41 strait4 frns1 frontis1 f41 forehead4 frctus1 -s fruor1 enjoy1 m41 enjoyment2 fruit4 frmentor1 -r1 -tus frmentum1 fetch grain1 forage4 frmentum1 - fruor1 enjoy1 n41 grain4 frstr1 adv41 in vain4 fuga1 -ae1 f41 flight4 fugi1 fugere1 fg1 fugitrus fuga1 flee1 run away4 fmus1 -1 m41 smoke4 furor1 -ris fur1 rage1 m41 rage1 fury1 frenzy1 madness4 frtum1 - fr1 thief1 n41 theft4 ,g galea1 -ae1 f41 helmet4 ,gallia1 -ae1 f41 ,gaul4 gaude1 gaudre1 gvsus1 be glad1 rejoice4 gaudium1 - gaude1 n41 gladness1 joy4 gns1 gentis1 f41 race1 nation4 genus1 generis1 n41 kind1 nature4 ger1 gerere1 gess1 gestus1 carry1 wear2 carry on1 do4 ,gryn1 -onis1 m41 ,geryon4 ggn1 ggnere1 genu1 genitus1 produce1 bring forth4 gladius1 -1 m41 sword4 ,glauc1 -s1 f41 ,glauce4 glria1 -ae1 f41 glory4 ,gorg1 -onis1 f41 ,gorgon4 ,graeae1 -rum1 f4 plur41 the ,graeae4 ,graecia1 -ae ,graecus1 f41 ,greece4 ,graecus1 -a1 -um1 ,greek4 grtia1 -ae grtus1 f41 favor2 gratitude1 thanks2 plur41 thanks2 grtis agere1 to give thanks1 thank2 grtiam referre1 to return a favor1 show gratitude1 requite4 grtus1 -a1 -um1 pleasing1 grateful4 gravis1 -e1 heavy2 severe1 grievous1 serious4 graviter gravis1 adv41 severely1 seriously4 gubern1 -re1 -v1 -tus1 steer4 gust1 -re1 -v1 -tus1 taste4 ,h habe1 -re1 -u1 -itus1 have1 hold2 consider4 habit1 -re1 -v1 -tus freq4 of habe1 dwell1 inhabit4 ,hds1 -ae1 m41 ,hades4 haere1 haerre1 haes1 haesrus1 stick2 hesitate4 haesit1 -re1 -v1 -tus freq4 of haere1 hesitate4 ,hammn1 -nis1 m41 ,hammon4 harna1 -ae1 f41 sand2 shore4 ,harpiae1 -rum1 f4 plur41 ,harpies4 haud1 adv41 not at all1 by no means1 not4 haudququam haud quisquam1 adv41 in no wise1 not at all4 hauri1 haurre1 haus1 haustus1 draw4 herba1 -ae1 f41 herb1 plant4 ,herculs1 -is1 m41 ,hercules4 ,hsion1 -s1 f41 ,hesione4 ,hesperids1 -um1 f4 plur41 the ,hesperides4 hesternus1 -a1 -um her1 yesterday1 of yesterday1 yesterday's1 hesternus dis1 yesterday4 hc hc1 adv41 here2 hereupon4 hc1 haec1 hc1 dem4 pron41 this2 ille 444 hc1 that 444 this1 the former 444 the latter4 hinc hc1 adv41 from this place1 hence4 ,hippolyt1 -s1 f41 ,hippolyte4 ,hispnia1 -ae1 f41 ,spain4 ,homrus1 -1 m41 ,homer4 hom1 hominis1 m41 man4 honor1 -ris1 m41 honor4 hra1 -ae1 f41 hour4 horribilis1 -e horre1 shudder1 dreadful1 terrible1 horrible4 hortor1 -r1 -tus1 exhort1 encourage1 urge4 hortus1 -1 m41 garden4 hospitium1 - hospes1 host1 n41 hospitality4 hostis1 -is1 m4 and f41 enemy1 foe4 hc hc1 adv41 to this place1 hither4 hmnus1 -a1 -um hom1 of man1 human4 hum loc4 of humus1 ground1 adv41 on the ground4 ,hydra1 -ae1 f41 ,hydra4 ,hyls1 -ae1 m41 ,hylas4 ,i iace1 -re1 -u1 lie1 be prostrate4 iaci1 iacere1 ic1 iactus1 throw1 cast1 hurl4 iam1 adv41 now1 already4 inua1 -ae1 f41 door4 ,isn1 -onis1 m41 ,jason4 ibi is1 adv41 in that place1 there4 ctus1 -s c1 strike1 m41 blow4 dem1 eadem1 idem is1 dem4 pron41 the same2 sometimes to be translated likewise1 also4 idneus1 -a1 -um1 suitable1 fit2 favorable4 igitur1 conj41 therefore4 gnrus1 -a1 -um in-1 not gnrus1 knowing1 ignorant4 gnvus1 -a1 -um in-1 not gnvus1 active1 lazy1 cowardly4 gnis1 -is1 m41 fire4 gnr1 -re1 -v1 -tus1 be ignorant of4 gntus1 -a1 -um in-1 not ntus1 unknown4 lias1 -adis1 f41 the ,iliad4 ille1 illa1 illud1 dem4 pron41 that2 he1 she1 it1 they2 ille 444 hc1 see hc4 imber1 imbris1 m41 rain1 shower4 imbu1 -buere1 -bu1 -btus1 wet1 soak1 dip4 immnits1 -ttis immnis1 cruel1 f41 cruelty1 barbarity4 immitt1 -mittere1 -ms1 -missus1 send or let in4 immol1 -molre1 -molv1 -moltus in mola1 sacrifice 7the victim was sprinkled with consecrated meal74 impedi1 -pedre1 -pedv1 -pedtus in ps1 hinder1 prevent1 impede4 impell1 -pellere1 -pul1 -pulsus in pell1 drive or urge on1 incite1 urge4 impertor1 -ris imper1 m41 commander1 general4 impertum1 - part1 of imper1 n41 command1 order4 impertus1 -a1 -um in-1 not pertus1 inexperienced1 unskilled1 ignorant4 imperium1 - imper1 n41 command2 sway1 rule4 imper1 -perre1 -perv1 -pertus1 command1 order1 enjoin4 impetr1 -petrre1 -petrv1 -petrtus1 gain one's end1 obtain 7a request74 impetus1 -s in pet1 m41 attack2 impetum facere1 to charge4 impn1 -pnere1 -posu1 -positus in pn1 place or lay upon1 impose2 embark4 improbus1 -a1 -um in-1 not probus1 upright1 wicked4 in1 prep1 with acc41 into1 in1 to1 upon2 with abl41 in1 on4 incid1 -cidere1 -cid in cad1 fall into or upon4 incld1 -cldere1 -cls1 -clsus in claud1 shut1 shut up in1 inclose1 imprison4 incola1 -ae incol1 m4 and f41 inhabitant4 in-col1 -colere1 -colu1 inhabit4 incolumis1 -e1 unhurt1 safe4 in-commodum1 -1 n41 inconvenience4 in-crdibilis1 e1 incredible4 in-dc1 -dcere1 dx1 -ductus1 lead in or on1 move1 excite4 indu1 induere1 indu1 indtus1 put on2 clothe4 in-e1 -re1 -i1 -itus1 go into1 enter2 adopt4 nfandus1 -a1 -um in-1 not ger4 of for1 speak1 unspeakable1 monstrous4 nfns1 -fantis in-1 not part4 of for1 speak1 m4 and f41 infant1 babe4 nfectus1 -a1 -um in-1 not part4 of faci1 not done1 undone1 unaccomplished4 n-flx1 -flcis1 adj41 unhappy1 unfortunate4 nfer1 -rum nferus1 below1 m4 plur41 inhabitants of the underworld1 the dead1 the shades4 nfer1 nferre1 intul1 inltus1 bring in or against1 wage against2 inflict4 nfstus1 -a1 -um1 unsafe1 dangerous4 nfici1 -ficere1 -fc1 -fectus in faci1 stain1 dye4 n-fund1 -fundere1 -fd1 -fsus1 pour in or upon4 ingns1 -gentis1 adj41 huge1 vast4 inici1 -icere1 -ic1 -iectus in iaci1 throw in or upon2 cause1 inspire4 inimcus1 -a1 -um in-1 not amcus1 unfriendly1 hostile4 initium1 - ine1 n41 beginning4 iniria1 -ae in-1 not is1 f41 injury1 wrong1 hurt1 harm4 inluvis1 -1 f41 dirt1 filth4 inquam1 inquis1 inquit1 defective verb1 ,i say1 you say1 he says4 in-rde1 -rdre1 -rs1 -rsus1 laugh at1 mock4 in-rump1 -rumpere1 -rp1 -ruptus1 burst into or in4 in-ru1 -ruere1 -ru1 rush in4 nsnia1 -ae nsnus1 mad1 f41 madness1 insanity4 nscins1 -scientis in-1 not part4 of sci1 adj41 unknowing1 unaware4 n-sequor1 -sequ1 -sectus1 follow upon or up1 pursue4 nsidiae1 -rum1 f4 plur41 ambush2 plot1 stratagem4 nsperg1 -spergere1 -spers1 -spersus in sparg1 sprinkle on or over4 nspici1 -spicere1 -spx1 -spectus in speci1 look into or upon4 nstitu1 -stituere1 -stitu1 -stittus in statu1 decide upon1 determine4 n-struo1 -struere1 -strx1 -strctus1 build in or into2 draw up2 equip1 furnish1 nsula1 -ae1 f41 island4 intelleg1 -legere1 -lx1 -lctus1 perceive1 understand4 in-tend1 -tendere1 -tend1 -tentus1 stretch out2 stretch1 draw1 aim4 inter1 prep1 with acc41 among1 between4 intere inter1 adv41 in the meantime1 meanwhile4 interfici1 -ficere1 -fc1 -fectus inter faci1 put out of the way1 kill4 interior1 -ius comp4 from inter1 adj41 interior1 inner4 inter-mitt1 -mittere1 -ms1 -mssus1 leave off1 interrupt2 let pass2 pass41 be left between1 intervene1 elapse4 inter-sum1 -esse1 -fu1 -futrus1 be or lie between4 intervllum1 -1 n41 interval1 space1 distance4 intr inter1 prep4 with acc41 within4 intr1 -re1 -v1 -tus intr1 go within or into1 enter4 introitus1 -s introe1 go within1 m41 entrance4 in-tueor1 -tur1 -tuitus1 look upon1 behold4 in-sittus1 -a1 -um1 unusual1 extraordinary4 in-tilis1 -e1 not useful1 useless4 in-veni1 -venre1 -vn1 -ventus1 come upon1 find4 invt1 -re1 -v1 -tus1 invite4 invtus1 -a1 -um1 unwilling4 ,iolus1 -1 m41 ,iolaus4 ,iol1 -s1 f41 ,iole4 ,iovis1 gen4 of ,iuppiter4 phicls1 -is1 m41 ,iphicles4 ipse1 ipsa1 ipsum1 intensive pron41 self1 himself1 herself1 itself1 themselves2 often to be rendered by very4 ra1 -ae1 f41 anger1 wrath4 rscor1 rsc1 rtus ra1 be angry4 rtus1 -a1 -um part1 of rscor1 angered1 enraged1 angry1 furious4 is1 ea1 id1 dem4 pron41 this1 that2 he1 she1 it1 they4 iste1 ista1 istud1 dem4 pron41 that of yours1 that4 ita is1 adv41 in this manner1 thus1 so2 ita ut1 as4 talia1 -ae1 f41 ,italy4 ita-que1 adv41 and so1 accordingly1 therefore4 iter1 itineris e1 n41 a going1 journey1 march2 iter facere1 to journey1 march4 iterum1 adv41 again1 a second time4 ,ithaca1 -ae1 f41 ,ithaca4 iube1 iubre1 iuss1 issus1 bid1 order1 command4 icundus1 -a1 -um1 sweet1 pleasant4 idex1 idicis is dc1 m41 judge4 iugum1 - iung1 n41 yoke4 iung1 iungere1 inx1 inctus1 join2 yoke1 harness4 ,in1 -nis1 f41 ,juno4 ,iuppiter1 ,iovis1 m41 ,jupiter or ,jove4 is1 iris1 n41 right1 justice1 law2 is dcere1 to pronounce judgment2 is irandum1 iris irand ger4 of ir1 swear1 oath4 issum1 - part1 of iube1 n41 order1 command4 issus1 -s iube1 m41 bidding1 command4 istus1 -a1 -um is1 just4 iuvenis1 -is1 m41 young man1 youth4 ,l lbor1 lb1 lapsus1 slip1 glide1 fall4 labor1 -ris1 m41 labor1 toil4 labr1 -re1 -v1 -tus labor1 labor1 toil4 lc1 lactis1 n41 milk4 ,lacnia1 -ae1 f41 ,laconia4 lacrima1 -ae1 f41 tear4 lacus1 -s1 m41 lake4 laetitia1 -ae laetus1 joyful1 f41 joy4 lmenta1 -rum1 n4 plur41 lamentation4 ,lomedn1 -ontis1 m41 ,laomedon4 lapis1 -idis1 m41 stone4 laqueus1 -1 m41 noose4 ,lrsa1 -ae1 f41 ,larisa4 lassitd1 -inis lassus1 weary1 f41 weariness4 late1 -re1 -u1 lie hid1 be concealed4 latr1 -nis1 m41 robber4 ltus1 -a1 -um1 broad1 wide4 lgtus1 - part4 of lg1 depute1 m41 ambassador4 lnis1 -e1 gentle4 le1 -nis1 m41 lion4 ,lernaeus1 -a1 -um1 of ,lerna1 ,lernean4 ,lth1 -s1 f41 ,lethe4 levis1 -e1 light1 slight4 leviter levis1 adv41 slightly4 libenter libns1 willing1 adv41 willingly1 gladly4 lber1 -rum lber1 free1 m4 plur41 children4 lber1 -re1 -v1 -tus lber1 free1 set free1 free1 liberate1 release4 lberts1 -ttis lber1 free1 f41 freedom1 liberty4 ,libya1 -ae1 f41 ,libya1 ,africa4 licet1 -re1 -uit or -itum est1 impers41 is lawful or permitted4 ,lichs1 -ae1 m41 ,lichas4 lgneus1 -a1 -um lgnum1 of wood1 wooden4 lgnum1 -1 n41 wood4 ,ligurs1 -um1 m4 plur41 ,ligurians4 ,liguria1 -ae ,ligurs1 f41 ,liguria4 lmen1 -minis1 n41 threshold2 door4 lmus1 -1 m41 mud4 linter1 lintris1 f41 boat1 skiff4 ,linus1 -1 m41 ,linus4 ltus1 ltoris1 n41 shore4 locus1 -1 m41 plur4 loca1 -orum1 n41 place1 situation4 long longus1 adv41 far4 longinquus1 -a1 -um longus1 distant1 remote4 longus1 -a1 -um1 long2 tedious4 loquor1 loqu1 loctus1 speak4 ltus1 -1 f41 lotus4 lucrum1 -1 n41 gain4 luctor1 -r1 -tus1 wrestle1 struggle4 ldus1 -1 m41 game1 sport4 lmen1 -minis1 n41 light4 lx1 lcis1 f41 light4 ,m magicus1 -a1 -um1 magic4 magis1 comp4 adv41 more1 rather4 magister1 -tr magis1 m41 master4 mgnific mgnificus1 adv41 splendidly4 mgnificentia1 -ae mgnificus1 f41 splendor1 magnificence4 mgnificus1 -a1 -um mgnus faci1 splendid1 magnificent4 mgnitd1 -tdinis mgnus1 f41 greatness1 size4 mgnopere abl4 of mgnum opus1 adv41 greatly1 very much1 exceedingly2 earnestly4 mgnus1 -a1 -um1 large1 big1 great1 mighty2 loud4 mior1 mius1 comp4 of mgnus4 male malus1 adv41 badly1 ill4 ml1 mlle1 mlu magis vol1 wish rather1 prefer4 malum1 - malus1 n41 evil1 mischief4 malus1 -a1 -um1 bad4 mlus1 -1 m41 mast4 mand1 -dre1 -dv1 -dtus manus -d1 put1 put in hand1 intrust1 commit2 charge1 command4 mne1 adv41 in the morning1 early in the morning4 mane1 manre1 mns1 mnsus1 remain4 mns1 -ium1 m4 plur41 spirit1 shade4 manus1 -s1 f41 hand4 mare1 maris1 n41 sea4 martus1 -1 m41 husband4 ,mrs1 ,mrtis1 m41 ,mars4 mter1 mtris1 f41 mother4 mtrimnium1 - mter1 n41 marriage2 in mtrimnium dcere1 marry4 mtr1 -re1 -v1 -tus mtrus1 ripe1 ripen2 hasten4 mxim mximus1 adv41 very greatly1 exceedingly1 especially4 mximus1 -a1 -um1 superl4 of mgnus4 ,mda1 -ae1 f41 ,medea4 medicmentum1 - medic1 heal1 n41 drug2 poison1 potion4 medicna1 -ae medicus1 physician1 f41 art of healing1 medicine4 medius1 -a1 -um1 mid1 middle4 ,medsa1 -ae1 f41 ,medusa4 membrum1 -1 n41 limb1 member4 memoria1 -ae memor1 remembering1 f41 memory4 memor1 -re1 -v1 -tus memor1 remembering1 remind of1 mention4 menti1 -nis1 f41 mention4 merctor1 -ris mercor1 trade1 m41 trader1 merchant4 mercs1 mercdis1 f41 pay1 reward1 wages4 ,mercurius1 -1 m41 ,mercury4 merg1 mergere1 mers1 mersus1 dip1 plunge1 sink4 merdinus1 -a1 -um merdis1 midday1 noonday2 merdinum tempus1 midday1 noon4 merdis1 - medius dis1 m41 midday1 noon2 south4 meritus1 -a1 -um part4 of mere1 deserved1 due1 just4 meus1 -a1 -um ego1 me1 my1 mine4 mles1 mlitis1 m41 soldier4 mlitris1 -e mles1 military1 warlike2 rs mlitris1 art of war1 warfare4 mlle1 indecl4 adj41 a thousand2 mlia1 -ium1 n4 plur41 thousands2 mlia passuum1 thousands of paces1 miles4 minae1 -rum1 f4 plur41 threats4 ,minerva1 -ae1 f41 ,minerva4 minim minimus1 least1 adv41 least1 very little2 by no means1 not at all4 minimum minimus1 least1 adv41 very little1 slightly4 minitor1 -r1 -tus minae1 threaten4 ,mns1 ,mnis1 m41 ,minos4 minus1 comp4 adv41 less4 ,minyae1 -rum1 m4 plur41 ,minyae4 mrculum1 - mror1 n41 wonder1 marvel1 miracle4 mror1 -r1 -tus mrus1 wonder1 wonder at4 mrus1 -a1 -um1 wonderful1 strange4 misce1 miscre1 miscu1 mxtus1 mix1 mingle4 misericordia1 -ae misericors1 pitiful1 f21 pity1 compassion4 mitt1 mittere1 ms1 missus1 send4 modo modus1 adv41 only4 modus1 -1 m41 way1 manner4 moenia1 -ium1 n4 plur41 walls4 mola1 -ae1 f41 meal4 molestia1 -ae molestus1 annoying1 f41 annoyance4 mone1 -re1 -u1 -itus1 warn4 mns1 montis1 m41 mountain4 mnstr1 -re1 -v1 -tus mnstrum1 point out1 show4 mnstrum1 -1 n41 wonder1 monster4 mora1 -ae1 f41 delay4 morde1 mordre1 momord1 morsus1 bite4 morior1 mor1 mortuus1 die4 moror1 -r1 -tus mora1 delay1 linger1 stay4 mors1 morts morior1 f41 death4 mortlis1 -e mors1 mortal4 mortifer1 -fera1 -ferum mors fer1 death-bringing1 deadly4 mortuus1 -a1 -um part4 of morior1 dead4 ms1 mris1 m41 way1 manner1 habit1 custom4 move1 movre1 mv1 mtus1 move4 mox1 adv41 soon4 mgi1 -re1 -v1 low1 bellow4 mgtus1 -s mgi1 m41 lowing1 bellowing4 mulier1 mulieris1 f41 woman4 multitd1 -tdinis multus1 f41 multitude4 mult multus1 adv41 by much or far1 much1 far4 multum1 - multus1 n41 much4 multum multus1 adv41 much1 greatly1 far4 multus1 -a1 -um1 much1 great2 plur41 many4 mni1 -re1 -v1 -tus moenia1 fortify4 mnus1 mneris1 n41 service1 office1 duty2 present1 gift4 mrus1 -1 m41 wall4 msica1 -ae1 f41 music4 mt1 -re1 -v1 -tus freq4 of move1 change4 ,msia1 -ae1 f41 ,mysia4 ,n nactus1 part4 of nancscor4 nam1 conj41 for4 nam-que1 conj41 for4 nancscor1 nancsc1 nactus1 get1 obtain1 find4 nrr1 -re1 -v1 -tus1 tell1 relate1 narrate4 nat1 -re1 -v1 -tus freq4 of n1 swim1 swim1 float4 ntra1 -ae nscor1 be born1 f41 nature1 character4 nauta1 -ae nvis1 m41 sailor4 nauticus1 -a1 -um nauta1 naval1 nautical4 nvigti1 -nis nvig1 f41 sailing1 navigation1 voyage4 nvig1 -re1 -v1 -tus nvis ag1 sail4 nvis1 -is1 f41 ship4 -ne1 enclitic introducing a question1 untranslatable4 n1 adv41 not2 n 444 quidem1 not 444 even2 conj41 that not1 lest4 nec1 see neque4 necesse1 indecl4 adj41 necessary4 nec1 -re1 -v1 -tus1 put to death1 slay1 kill4 negleg1 -legere1 -lx1 -lctus nec leg1 gather1 disregard1 neglect4 neg1 -re1 -v1 -tus1 say no or not1 deny1 refuse4 negtium1 - nec tium1 leisure1 n41 business1 matter2 task1 trouble1 difficulty4 ,nemeaeus1 -a1 -um1 of ,nemea1 ,nemean4 nm1 nminis ne-1 not hom1 m4 and f41 no one1 nobody4 neps1 neptis1 m41 grandson4 ,neptnus1 -1 m41 ,neptune4 neque or nec ne-1 not -que1 conj41 and not1 nor2 neque 444 neque1 neither 444 nor2 neque enim1 for 444 not4 nervus1 -1 m41 sinew1 muscle4 ne-sci1 -scre1 -scv1 not know1 be ignorant2 nesci quis1 ,i know not who1 some one or other 7nesci is thus used with other interrogative words also74 ,nessus1 -1 m41 ,nessus4 neu1 see nve4 neuter1 neutra1 neutrum ne-1 not uter1 neither4 nve or neu n -ve1 or1 conj41 and that not1 and not1 nor4 niger1 nigra1 nigrum1 black4 nihil1 n41 indecl41 nothing4 nisi ne-1 not s1 conj41 if not1 unless4 nix1 nivis1 f41 snow4 noct nox1 adv41 at or by night4 nocturnus1 -a1 -um nox1 of night1 nocturnal2 nocturnum tempus1 night-time4 nl1 nlle1 nlu ne-1 not vol1 not wish1 be unwilling4 nmen1 -minis nsc1 come to know1 n41 name 7that by which one is known74 nn1 adv41 not4 nn-dum1 adv41 not yet4 nn-ne1 adv41 introducing a question to which an affirmative answer is expected1 not8 nn-nllus1 -a1 -um1 not none1 some1 several4 ns1 plur4 of ego4 noster1 -tra1 -trum ns1 our4 ntus1 -a1 -um part4 of nsc1 come to know1 known1 well-known1 famous4 novem1 indecl4 adj41 nine4 novits1 -ttis novus1 f41 newness1 novelty4 novus1 -a1 -um1 new2 novissimus1 last4 nox1 noctis1 f41 night4 nbs1 -is1 f41 cloud4 ndus1 -a1 -um1 naked1 bare4 nllus1 -a1 -um ne-1 not llus1 not any1 none1 no4 num1 adv41 introducing a question to which a negative answer is expected1 untranslatable4 numerus1 -1 m41 number4 nummus1 -1 m41 coin4 numquam ne-1 not umquam1 ever1 adv41 never4 nunc1 adv41 now4 nnti1 -re1 -v1 -tus nntius1 report1 announce4 nntius1 - novus1 m41 messenger2 message4 nper novus1 adv41 newly1 lately1 recently4 nsquam ne-1 not squam1 anywhere1 adv41 nowhere4 nympha1 -ae1 f41 nymph4 ,o ob1 prep4 with acc41 on account of1 for2 in compounds1 to1 against4 obici1 -icere1 -ic1 -iectus ob iaci1 throw in the way or to4 ob-irg1 -irgre1 -irgv1 -irgtus1 chide1 scold1 reproach4 ob-lin1 -linere1 -lv1 -litus1 daub over1 smear4 obltus1 -a1 -um part4 of oblvscor1 forgetful1 unmindful4 oblvscor1 -lvsc1 -ltus1 forget4 obscr1 -scrre1 -scrv1 -scrtus obscrus1 darken1 hide1 conceal4 obscrus1 -a1 -um1 dark4 obsecr1 -secrre1 -secrv1 -secrtus1 beseech1 entreat4 ob-ser1 -serere1 -sv1 -situs1 sow1 plant2 cover1 fill4 obside1 -sidre1 -sd1 -sessus ob sede1 beset1 besiege4 ob-stru1 -struere1 -strx1 -strctus1 build against1 block up4 ob-testor1 -testr1 -testtus1 call to witness2 beseech1 implore4 obtine1 -tinre1 -tinu1 -tentus ob tene1 hold4 obviam ob via1 adv41 in the way1 opposite1 face to face2 obviam fier1 to meet2 obviam re1 to go to meet4 occsi1 -nis occid1 fall1 f41 chance1 opportunity4 occsus1 -s occid1 fall1 m4 setting4 occd1 -cdere1 -cd1 -csus ob caed1 cut1 cut down1 kill4 occup1 -cupre1 -cupv1 -cuptus ob capi1 seize2 fill4 occurr1 -currere1 -curr1 -cursus ob curr1 run against1 meet4 ,oceanus1 -1 m41 ,oceanus1 the ocean4 oculus1 -1 m41 eye4 d1 disse1 used only in tenses of completed action with the force of tenses of incomplete action1 hate4 odium1 - d1 n41 hatred4 odor1 -ris1 m41 smell1 odor4 ,oechalia1 -ae1 f41 ,oechalia4 ,oeneus1 -1 m41 ,oeneus4 ,oeta1 -ae1 f41 ,oeta4 offend1 -fendere1 -fend1 -fnsus1 offend4 offer1 offerre1 obtul1 obltus ob fer1 bear to1 proffer1 offer4 officna1 -ae1 f41 workshop1 smithy4 officium1 -1 n41 service2 duty4 lim1 adv41 once upon a time1 once1 formerly1 of old4 ,olympus1 -1 m41 ,olympus4 omitt1 -mittere1 -ms1 -missus ob mitt1 let go1 neglect1 disregard1 throw away1 lose4 omnn omnis1 adv41 altogether1 wholly1 entirely4 omnis1 -e1 all1 every4 oner1 -re1 -v1 -tus onus1 load1 load1 burden4 opera1 -ae opus1 f41 effort1 work1 labor4 opni1 -nis opnor1 think1 f41 opinion1 expectation2 reputation4 oppidum1 -1 n41 town4 opportnus1 -a1 -um1 suitable1 seasonable1 convenient1 opportune4 opprim1 -primere1 -press1 -pressus ob prem1 press against1 overpower1 crush4 optimus1 -a1 -um1 superl4 of bonus4 opus1 operis1 n41 work1 task4 rculum1 - r1 n41 oracle4 rti1 -nis r1 f41 speech2 rtinem habre1 to deliver an oration1 speak4 orbis1 -is1 m41 circle2 orbis terrae or terrrum1 circle of the earth or lands1 earth1 world4 ,orcus1 -1 m41 ,orcus1 under-world4 rd1 rdinis1 m41 arrangement1 order1 rank2 ex rdine1 in order4 orior1 -r1 -tus1 arise1 come forth1 spring up2 ort lce1 at dawn4 rn1 -re1 -v1 -tus1 equip1 adorn4 r1 -re1 -v1 -tus s1 speak2 beg1 pray4 ,orpheus1 -1 m41 ,orpheus4 s1 ris1 n41 mouth4 ostend1 -tendere1 -tend1 -tentus ob tend1 stretch out before1 show1 explain4 stium1 - s1 n41 mouth1 doorway1 door4 ovis1 -is1 f41 sheep4 ,p pbulum1 - psc1 n41 food1 fodder4 paene1 adv41 almost1 nearly4 palaestra1 -ae1 f41 wrestling-place1 gymnasium4 plus1 -1 m41 stake4 pals1 -dis1 f41 swamp1 marsh4 partus1 -a1 -um part4 of par1 prepared1 equipped1 ready4 pre1 -re1 -u1 obey4 par1 -re1 -v1 -tus1 make ready1 prepare4 pars1 partis1 f41 part1 side1 direction4 parvus1 -a1 -um1 little1 small4 psc1 pscere1 pv1 pstus1 feed4 passus1 -s pand1 stretch1 m41 pace2 mlia passuum1 see mlle4 pstor1 -tris psc1 m41 shepherd4 patefaci1 -facere1 -fc1 -factus pate1 be open faci1 throw1 or lay open1 open4 pater1 patris1 m41 father4 patior1 pat1 passus1 bear1 suffer1 allow4 patria1 -ae pater1 f41 fatherland1 country4 pauc1 -ae1 -a1 plur4 adj41 few4 paul paulus1 little1 adv41 by a little1 a little1 somewhat4 paulum paulus1 little1 adv41 a little1 somewhat4 pavor1 -ris paye1 be terrified1 m41 terror1 panic4 pectus1 pectoris1 n41 breast4 pecnia1 -ae pecus1 f41 money 7the possession of cattle constituting wealth in early times74 pecus1 pecoris1 n41 herd1 flock1 cattle4 pecus1 pecudis1 f41 head of cattle1 beast1 sheep1 goat4 ,pelis1 -ae1 m41 ,pelias4 pellis1 -is1 f41 hide1 skin1 pelt4 pell1 pellere1 pepul1 pulsus1 drive1 drive away1 beat1 rout4 pend1 pendere1 pepend1 pnsus1 weigh out1 pay4 ,pnelop1 -s1 f41 ,penelope4 per1 prep1 with ace41 through1 by means of4 percipi1 -cipere1 -cp1 -ceptus per capi1 feel4 percuti1 -cutere1 -cuss1 -cussus per quati1 strike through1 strike4 per-dc1 -dcere1 -dx1 -ductus1 lead or bring through1 lead1 bring4 peregrnus1 -1 m41 stranger1 foreigner4 perennis1 -e per annus1 lasting throughout the year1 perennial1 perpetual4 per-e1 -re1 -ii1 -itrus1 pass away1 perish4 per-fer1 -ferre1 -tul1 -ltus1 bear through1 bear1 endure2 weather4 perfici1 -ficere1 -fc1 -fectus per faci1 do or make through1 accomplish4 per-fl1 -flre1 blow through or over4 per-fodi1 -fodere1 -fd1 -fossus1 dig or pierce through1 transfix4 perculum1 -1 n41 danger1 peril1 risk4 per-lstr1 -lstrre1 -lstrvi1 -lstrtus1 look over1 examine1 survey4 per-mane1 -manre1 -mnsi1 -mnsus1 remain4 perpetuus1 -a1 -um per pet1 continuous1 perpetual2 in perpetuum1 for all time1 forever4 per-rump1 -rumpere1 -rp1 -ruptus1 break or burst through1 break4 per-scrb1 -scrbere1 -scrps1 scrptus1 write through or in full1 describe fully1 recount4 per-sequor1 -sequ1 -sectus1 follow up1 pursue4 ,perseus1 -1 m41 ,perseus4 per-solv1 -solvere1 -solv1 -soltus1 pay completely1 pay4 per-sude1 -sudre1 -susi1 -susus1 persuade1 prevail upon1 induce4 per-terre1 -terrre1 -terrui1 -territus1 thoroughly frighten1 terrify4 per-turb1 -turbre1 -turbvi1 -turbtus1 greatly disturb1 disturb1 agitate1 throw into confusion4 per-veni1 -venre1 -vn1 -ventus1 come through1 come1 arrive1 reach4 ps1 pedis1 m41 foot4 pet1 -ere1 -v or -i1 -tus1 seek1 ask2 attack4 ,phsis1 -idis1 m41 ,phasis4 ,phneus1 -1 m41 ,phineus4 ,pholus1 -1 m41 ,pholus4 ,phrixus1 -1 m41 ,phrixus4 pinguis1 -e1 fat4 pisctor1 -tris piscor1 fish1 m41 fisherman4 plausus1 -s plaud1 clap1 m41 applause4 plrs1 -a comp4 of multus1 plur4 adj41 more1 many1 several4 plrimus1 -a1 -um1 superl4 of multus4 ,plt1 -nis1 m41 ,pluto4 pculum1 - pt1 drink1 n41 cup4 poena1 -ae1 f41 penalty1 punishment4 pota1 -ae1 m41 poet4 polliceor1 -licr1 -licitus1 promise4 ,polydects1 -is1 m41 ,polydectes4 ,polyphmus1 -1 m41 ,polyphemus4 pmum1 -1 n41 fruit1 apple4 pondus1 ponderis pend1 n41 weight4 pn1 pnere1 posu1 positus1 place1 put2 pn with in and abl41 to be placed in1 rest or depend on4 pns1 pontis1 m41 bridge4 porcus1 -1 m41 pig1 hog1 swine4 porta1 -ae1 f41 gate2 door4 portus1 -s1 m41 harbor1 haven1 port4 psc1 pscere1 popsc1 ask1 demand4 posside1 -sidre1 -sd1 -sessus1 hold1 possess4 possum1 posse1 potu potis1 able sum1 be able1 have power1 can4 post1 adv41 after1 later2 prep4 with acc41 after1 behind4 poste post1 adv41 after this1 afterwards4 posterus1 -a1 -um post1 following1 next4 post-quam1 conj41 later than1 after1 when4 postrmus1 -a1 -um superl4 of posterus1 last4 postrdi posterus dis1 adv41 the day after1 the next day4 postul1 -re1 -v1 -tus1 ask1 request1 demand4 potior1 -r1 -tus potis1 able1 become master of1 get possession of4 prae-actus1 -a1 -um1 sharp at the end1 pointed1 sharp4 praebe1 -re1 -u1 -itus prae1 before habe1 hold forth1 supply1 furnish1 give2 show1 present1 exhibit4 prae-cave1 -cavre1 -cv1 -cautus1 beware beforehand1 beware1 be on one's guard4 praecipi1 -cipere1 -cp1 -ceptus prae1 before capi1 take beforehand1 anticipate2 order1 charge4 praecipu praecipuus1 especial1 adv41 especially4 prae-clrus1 -clra1 -clrum1 very bright2 splendid1 remarkable1 famous4 praeda1 -ae1 f41 booty1 spoil1 plunder4 prae-dc1 -dcere1 -dx1 -dictus1 say beforehand1 foretell1 predict4 praedor1 -r1 -tus praeda1 plunder4 praemium1 -1 n41 reward4 praesns1 -sentis part4 of praesum1 adj41 present1 immediate1 imminent4 praesentia1 -ae praesns1 f41 the present4 praeses1 praesidis1 m41 protector4 praesidium1 - praeses1 n41 protection2 guard1 escort4 praestns1 -stantis part4 of praest1 adj41 preminent1 remarkable4 prae-st1 -stre1 -stit1 -stitus1 stand in front2 show4 prae-sum1 -esse1 -fu1 be before1 preside over1 have charge of1 command4 praeter prae1 before1 prep4 with acc41 before1 past1 by2 besides1 except4 praetere praeter1 adv41 besides this1 besides1 moreover4 praeter-e1 -re1 -i1 -itus1 pass by4 precs1 -um1 f4 plur41 prayer1 entreaty4 prehend1 -hendere1 -hend1 -hnsus1 seize4 prem1 premere1 press1 pressus1 press1 check1 restrain4 pretium1 -1 n41 price1 charge4 prm prmus1 adv41 at first4 prmum prmus1 adv41 first1 in the first place4 prmus1 -a1 -um superl4 from pr1 first1 foremost4 prstinus1 -a1 -um prius1 former4 prius prior1 former1 adv41 before1 first4 prius-quam1 conj41 before than1 sooner than1 before4 pr1 prep4 with abl41 before1 in front of2 for1 in behalf of2 for1 as2 in return for1 for4 procul1 adv41 at or from a distance1 far4 proelium1 -1 n41 battle1 combat2 proelium committere1 to join battle4 profecti1 -nis proficscor1 f41 departure1 start4 proficscor1 -ficsc1 -fectus prfici1 make progress1 set out1 depart1 start1 march4 prgredior1 -gred1 -gressus pr gradior1 go forward1 advance4 prohibe1 -hibre1 -hibu1 -hibitus pr habe1 hold back1 prevent1 hinder4 prici1 -icere1 -ic1 -iectus pr iaci1 throw forth or down1 cast away1 throw4 pr-mitt1 -mittere1 -ms1 -missus1 send or put forth1 promise4 prm1 prmere1 prmps1 prmptus pr em1 take or bring out1 produce4 prmunturium1 -1 n41 headland1 promontory4 proper1 -re1 -v1 -tus1 hasten4 pr-pn1 -pnere1 -posu1 -positus1 put or set before1 offer1 propose2 set forth1 say4 propter1 prep4 with acc41 on account of1 because of4 prra1 -ae1 f41 prow1 bow4 pr-sequor1 -sequ1 -sectus1 follow forward1 follow4 ,prserpina1 -ae1 f41 ,proserpina1 ,proserpine4 pr-stern1 -sternere1 -strv1 -strtus1 strew or spread before1 throw or knock down4 pr-sum1 prdesse1 prfu1 be of advantage1 profit1 avail1 assist4 pr-veh1 -vehere1 -vex1 -vectus1 carry forward4 pr-voc1 -vocre1 -vocv1 -voctus1 call forth or out1 challenge4 proximus1 -a1 -um superl4 from prope1 near1 nearest1 next4 prdentia1 -ae prdns1 prudent1 f41 prudence4 puella1 -ae puer1 f41 girl1 maiden4 puer1 puer1 m41 boy4 pueritia1 -ae puer1 f41 boyhood4 pgna1 -ae1 f41 fighting1 battle1 combat4 pgn1 -re1 -v1 -tus pgna1 fight4 pulcher1 pulchra1 pulchrum1 beautiful4 puls1 -re1 -v1 -tus freq4 of pell1 push or strike against1 knock1 knock at4 punctum1 - pung1 prick1 n41 point1 instant1 moment4 prg1 -re1 -v1 -tus prus1 clean ag1 make clean1 clean1 cleanse4 put1 -re1 -v1 -tus1 think4 ,pthia1 -ae1 f41 ,pythia4 ,q qu qu1 adv41 in which place1 where4 quaer1 quaerere1 quaesv1 quaestus1 seek2 ask1 inquire4 qulis1 -e1 of what sort8 what kind of8 quam quis and qu1 adv41 how8 as2 than2 with superl41 as 444 as possible4 quam-quam1 conj41 however much1 although4 quantum quantus1 adv41 how much8 how8 quantus1 -a1 -um1 how great or much8 quartus1 -a1 -um quattuor1 fourth4 quasi qu s1 conj41 as if4 quattuor1 indecl4 adj41 four4 -que1 enclitic conj41 and4 qu1 quae1 quod1 rel4 pron41 who1 which4 qu1 quae1 quod1 interrog4 pron4 adj41 what8 qudam1 quaedam1 quoddam1 indef4 pron41 a certain1 certain4 quidem1 adv41 in fact1 indeed1 certainly2 n 444 quidem1 not 444 even4 quis1 quitis1 f41 rest1 repose4 qun1 conj41 so that 444 not1 but that1 but4 qunqugint qunque1 five1 indecl4 adj41 fifty4 quntus1 -a1 -um qunque1 five1 fifth4 quis1 quid1 interrog4 pron41 who8 which8 what8 quis1 qua1 quid1 indef4 pron41 any one1 anybody1 anything1 some one1 somebody1 something4 quis-nam1 quaenam1 quidnam1 interrog4 pron41 who1 which1 or what1 pray8 who8 which8 what8 quis-quam1 quicquam1 indef4 pron41 any one1 anything4 quis-que1 quaeque1 quidque1 indef4 pron41 each4 qu quis and qu1 adv41 to what place8 whither8 to which place1 whither2 for which reason1 wherefore1 therefore2 qu sque1 till when8 how long8 quod qu1 conj41 that1 in that1 because4 quoniam cum iam1 conj41 since now1 since4 quoque qu -que1 adv41 also4 quotanns quot1 how many annus1 adv41 every year1 yearly1 annually4 quotins quot1 how many1 adv41 as often as4 ,r rmus1 -1 m41 branch1 bough4 rapi1 -ere1 -u1 -tus1 seize1 snatch4 rati1 -nis reor1 think1 f41 plan1 means1 method1 manner4 recipi1 -cipere1 -cp1 -ceptus re- capi1 take or get back1 recover2 s recipere1 to betake oneself1 withdraw2 to collect oneself1 recover4 re-cre1 -crere1 -crev1 -cretus1 make anew1 renew1 refresh4 rctus1 -a1 -um part4 of reg1 direct1 direct1 straight4 re-cumb1 -cumbere1 -cubu1 lie back or down4 recuper1 -re1 -v1 -tus1 recover4 recs1 -csre1 -csv1 -cstus re- causa1 give a reason against1 refuse4 redd1 -dere1 -did1 -ditus re- d1 give back1 return1 restore2 render4 rede1 -re1 -i1 -itus re- e1 go back1 return4 redintegr1 -integrre1 -integrv1 -integrtus re- integr1 make whole1 make whole again1 renew4 reditus1 -s rede1 m41 return4 re-dc1 -dcere1 -dx1 -ductus1 lead or bring back2 restore4 re-fer1 referre1 rettul1 reltus1 bring or carry back1 return2 pedem referre1 to draw back1 retire1 retreat2 grtiam referre1 see grtia4 refici1 -ficere1 -fc1 -fectus re- faci1 make anew1 renew1 repair4 re-fugi1 -fugere1 -fg1 flee back1 run away1 retreat4 re-fulge1 -fulgre1 -fuls1 flash back1 shine4 rgia1 -ae rgius1 royal1 f41 palace4 rgna1 -ae rx1 f41 queen4 regi1 -nis reg1 direct1 f41 direction2 country1 region4 rgn1 -re1 -v1 -tus rgnum1 reign1 rule4 rgnum1 - rx1 n41 royal power1 rule1 throne2 kingdom1 realm4 regredior1 -gred1 -gressus re- gradior1 go back1 return4 re-linqu1 -linquere1 -lqu1 -lictus1 leave behind1 leave4 reliquus1 -a1 -um relinqu1 left1 the remaining1 the other1 the rest of4 remedium1 - re- medeor1 heal1 n41 remedy4 rmig1 -re rmex1 rower1 row4 re-move1 -movre1 -mv1 -mtus1 move back1 remove4 rmus1 -1 m41 oar4 re-nnti1 -nntire1 -nntiv1 -nntitus1 bring back word1 report1 announce4 re-pell1 repellere1 reppul1 repulsus1 drive back or away1 repulse1 repel4 reperi1 reperre1 repper1 repertus1 find1 discover4 repertor1 -ris reperi1 m41 discoverer1 inventor4 re-ple1 -plre1 -plv1 -pltus1 fill again or 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